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mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Copyleft rootpage-Copyleft skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Pergi ke kandungan</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu utama" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu utama</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu utama</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pandu arah </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Laman-Utama" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama"><span>Laman Utama</span></a></li><li id="n-Tinjau" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tinjau"><span>Tinjau</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hal_semasa" title="Cari maklumat latar belakang mengenai peristiwa semasa"><span>Hal semasa</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Rawak" title="Muat laman rawak [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Rencana rawak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Perhubungan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Tentang-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Gerbang-komuniti" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gerbang_Komuniti"><span>Gerbang komuniti</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_terkini" title="Senarai perubahan terkini dalam wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Menderma" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Menderma</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Tempat mencari jawapan"><span>Bantuan</span></a></li><li id="n-Kedai-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kedai_Kopi"><span>Kedai Kopi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ms.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Cari" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di wiki ini [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cari</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cari Wikipedia" aria-label="Cari Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di wiki ini [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Khas:Cari"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Alat peribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Tukar penampilan saiz, lebar dan warna fon laman" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Penampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Penampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms" class=""><span>Derma</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Copyleft" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib" class=""><span>Buka akaun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Copyleft" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log masuk</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Lebih pilihan" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alat peribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alat peribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Derma</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Copyleft" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buka akaun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Copyleft" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumbangan_saya" title="Senarai suntingan yang dibuat daripada alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Sumbangan</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah_ringkas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah_ringkas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sejarah ringkas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah_ringkas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penggunaan_copyleft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penggunaan_copyleft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Penggunaan copyleft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penggunaan_copyleft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nota" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nota"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Nota</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nota-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Pautan luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Copyleft</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 62 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">62 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopielinks" title="Kopielinks – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kopielinks" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Jerman Switzerland" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Switzerland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A9" title="حقوق متروكة – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حقوق متروكة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopileft" title="Kopileft – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kopileft" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Вольнае аўтарскае права – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вольнае аўтарскае права" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajtocedo" title="Rajtocedo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rajtocedo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%BE%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AA" title="کپی‌لفت – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کپی‌لفت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%ED%94%BC%EB%A0%88%ED%94%84%ED%8A%B8" title="카피레프트 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카피레프트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%B8%D6%83%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%86%D5%A9" title="Քոփիլեֆթ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քոփիլեֆթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="कॉपीलेफ्ट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कॉपीलेफ्ट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6fundarrangur" title="Höfundarrangur – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Höfundarrangur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%82" title="Копилефт – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Копилефт" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7" title="പകർപ്പുപേക്ഷ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പകർപ്പുപേക്ഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%94%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AC%E3%83%95%E3%83%88" title="コピーレフト – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コピーレフト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%82" title="Копилефт – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Копилефт" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopyleft" title="Kopyleft – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Kopyleft" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%82" title="Копилефт – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Копилефт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svobodna_avtorska_pravica" title="Svobodna avtorska pravica – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Svobodna avtorska pravica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopileft" title="Kopileft – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Kopileft" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88" title="அளிப்புரிமை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அளிப்புரிமை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D" title="కాపీ లెఫ్ట్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కాపీ లెఫ్ట్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="กอปปีเลฟต์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กอปปีเลฟต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%82" title="Копілефт – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Копілефт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft" title="Copyleft – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Copyleft" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q133475#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Copyleft" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan:Copyleft" rel="discussion" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Melayu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Copyleft"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyleft&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyleft&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyleft&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Copyleft"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyleft&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyleft&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyleft&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Copyleft" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Copyleft" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyleft&oldid=6176118" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyleft&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Copyleft&id=6176118&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCopyleft"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCopyleft"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Copyleft"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Copyleft&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyleft&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Copyleft" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q133475" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Unicode_0x1F12F.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Small letter c turned 180 degrees, surrounded by a single line forming a circle." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Unicode_0x1F12F.svg/220px-Unicode_0x1F12F.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Unicode_0x1F12F.svg/330px-Unicode_0x1F12F.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Unicode_0x1F12F.svg/440px-Unicode_0x1F12F.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><figcaption>Lambang Copyleft</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Copyleft</b></i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ialah istilah terbitan permainan perkataan Inggeris <i>Copyright</i> ('<a href="/wiki/Hak_cipta" title="Hak cipta">hak cipta</a>'). Istilah 'Copyleft' merujuk kepada penggunaan undang-undang hak cipta untuk menawarkan hak bagi mengedar salinan dan pengubahsuaian sesuatu karya, dan <b>mewajibkan</b> hak yang sama dikekalkan dalam versi yang diubahsuaikan daripada karya itu. Dalam kata lain, 'copyleft' ialah kaedah am bagi membuat program komputer (atau karya lain) bebas (<i>libre</i>), dan memerlukan semua karya terbitan (karya yang diubahsuai atau dikembangkan) juga menjadi bebas.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Copyleft merupakan bentuk pelesenan dan boleh digunakan bagi mengekalkan syarat-syarat hak cipta bagi karya-karya seperti <a href="/wiki/Perisian_komputer" class="mw-redirect" title="Perisian komputer">perisian komputer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dokumen" title="Dokumen">dokumen</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Seni" title="Seni">seni</a>. Pada umumnya, undang-undang hak cipta digunakan pereka bagi menghalang orang lain daripada menyalin, mengubahsuai, atau mengedar salinan karya pereka tersebut. Bertentangan dengan ini, di bawah undang-undang copyleft, seseorang pereka dapat memberikan kebenaran kepada sesiapa yang menerima salinan tersebut untuk menyalin, mengubahsuai, atau mengedar karya tersebut. Selain itu semua salinan terbitan atau hasil pengubahsuaian juga diperlukan di bawah syarat-syarat pelesenan. </p><p>Lesen-lesen copyleft (bagi perisian) mensyaratkan semua maklumat yang diperlukan bagi menyalin dan mengubahsuai perlu disediakan bagi penerima program boleh laku. Fail-fail <a href="/wiki/Kod_sumber" title="Kod sumber">Kod sumber</a> lazimnya mengandungi syarat-syarat lesen dan mengiktiraf pereka atau pengarang. </p><p>Lesen jenis Copyleft merupakan penggunaan baharu undang-undang hak cipta sedia ada bagi memastikan sebuah karya itu kekal bebas. <a href="/wiki/Lesen_Awam_Am_GNU" title="Lesen Awam Am GNU">Lesen Awam Am GNU</a> ('GNU General Public License, GPL'), yang asalnya dikarang <a href="/wiki/Pengguna:Muhammad_Alif_Adha_Bin_Samad" title="Pengguna:Muhammad Alif Adha Bin Samad">pengguna</a>, ialah lesen copyleft pertama yang digunakan secara meluas, dan masih kekal sebagai lesen utama persisian yang 'copyleft'. <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a>, sebuah pertubuhan <i>non-profit</i> yang ditubuhkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Hak_cipta" title="Hak cipta">Lawrence Lessig</a>, memberi syarat lesen yang agak sama yang dikenali sebagai <a href="/wiki/Share-alike" title="Share-alike">ShareAlike</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah_ringkas">Sejarah ringkas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyleft&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Sejarah ringkas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyleft&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sejarah ringkas"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Copyleft_All_Wrongs_Reserved.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Monospaced font reads "Tiny basic for Intel 8080, version 2.0 by Li-Chen Wang, modified and translated to Intel mnemonics by Roger Rausklob, 10 October 1976. @ Copyleft, All Wrongs Reserved."" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Copyleft_All_Wrongs_Reserved.png/240px-Copyleft_All_Wrongs_Reserved.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Copyleft_All_Wrongs_Reserved.png/360px-Copyleft_All_Wrongs_Reserved.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Copyleft_All_Wrongs_Reserved.png/480px-Copyleft_All_Wrongs_Reserved.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Penggunaan "Copyleft; All Wrongs Reserved" pada tahun 1976</figcaption></figure> <p>Satu contoh awal copyleft ialah projek <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiny_BASIC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiny BASIC (laman tidak wujud)">Tiny BASIC</a> yang dimulakan dalam surat berita People's Computer Company dalam tahun 1975. Dennis Allison menulis satu spesifikasi versi ringkas bagi bahasa pengaturcaraan BASIC.<sup id="cite_ref-Allison_1976_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allison_1976-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reka bentuk ini tidak menyokong rentetan teks dan hanya menggunakan aritmetik integer. </p><p>Kandungan surat berita berkaitan Tiny BASIC itu menjadi <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dr._Dobb%27s_Journal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dr. Dobb's Journal (laman tidak wujud)">Dr. Dobb's Journal</a> of Tiny BASIC</i> ('Jurnal Dr Dobb tentang Tiny BASIC') dengan tajuk kecil "Calisthenics & Orthodontia, Running Lights Without Overbyte." ('Kalistenik & Ortodontia, Lampu Memandu Tanpa Berlebihan Bait'). Penggemar komputer mula menulis pentafsir bahasa pengaturcaraan BASIC bagi komputer mereka dan mengirim kod sumber kepada <i>Dr. Dobb's Journal</i> dan majalah-majalah lain untuk diterbitkan. Aktiviti ini merupakan projek pertukaran perisian bebas sebelum kewujudan Internet.<sup id="cite_ref-Warren_1976_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warren_1976-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jim Warren, editor <i>Dr. Dobb's Journal</i>, menulis tentang projek ini dalam sebual surat berita <i>Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)</i>. Beliau memulakan rencana dengan ini: "Terdapat satu pilihan alternatif berdaya maju kepada masalah-masalah yang dibangkitkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> yang berang tentang perisian yang 'dikebas'. Apabila perisian itu bebas, atau murah sehinggakan lebih mudah dibeli daripada disalin, pada masa itu perisian itu tidak akan 'dikebas' ".<sup id="cite_ref-Warren_1976_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warren_1976-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Terbitan <i>Dr. Dobbs Journal</i> bagi bulan Mei 1976 memuatkan perisian 'Tiny BASIC Palo Alto' karya Li-Chen Wang bagi mikropemproses Intel 8080. Senarai bermula dengan penyenaraian biasa tentang pengarang, dan haribulan, tetapi ia juga mengandungi: </p> <div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style=";"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4920641">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:0.5em 1.4em 0.8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:0.5em 0 0.8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{margin:0.5em auto 0.8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft p,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright p{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{background-color:#F9F9F9;text-align:center;font-size:larger;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:360px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{min-width:100%;margin:0 0 0.8em!important;float:none!important}}</style> <div class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style="">@COPYLEFT ALL WRONGS RESERVED.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div> </div><div style="clear:both;"></div> <p>Seorang lagi penggemar komputer, mengubahsuai dan memperbaiki program Li-Chen Wang dan diterbitkan dalam terbitan bulan Disember 1976 majalah <i>Interface Age</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roger menambah namanya dan mengekalkan Notis COPYLEFT. </p><p>Satu lagi kejadian copyleft timbul dengan penggunaan pentafsir bahasa pengaturcaraan <i>Lisp</i> yang dihasilkan <a href="/wiki/Richard_Stallman" title="Richard Stallman">Richard Stallman</a> oleh sebuah syarikat <i>Symbolics</i>. Stallman bersetuju meminjamkan versi domain awam perisiannya kepada Symbolics yang kemudiannya mengembang dan memperbaiki perisian tersebut. Apabila Stallman meminta untuk mengguna perisian yang dimajukan Symbolics itu, syarikat Symbolics enggan memberi kebenaran. Dengan itu, dalam tahun 1984 Stallman mula merangka rancangan bagi membasmi kelakuan dan kebudayaan perisian tuan punya yang muncul tatkala itu. Stallman memberi alasan bahawa perkongsian perisian yang terdapat dalam talian boleh disalin tanpa menghilangkan karya asal. Semua orang 'menang'. Perisian dapat digunakan berkali-kali tanpa kerosakan atau menjadi haus.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Richard_Stallman_at_Pittsburgh_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Richard_Stallman_at_Pittsburgh_University.jpg/220px-Richard_Stallman_at_Pittsburgh_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Richard_Stallman_at_Pittsburgh_University.jpg/330px-Richard_Stallman_at_Pittsburgh_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Richard_Stallman_at_Pittsburgh_University.jpg/440px-Richard_Stallman_at_Pittsburgh_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="2119" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Richard_Stallman" title="Richard Stallman">Richard M Stallman</a> ataupun <i>RMS</i>, seorang penggerak <a href="/wiki/Projek_GNU" title="Projek GNU">Projek GNU</a> dan <i>Copyleft</i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Stallman membuat keputusan untuk bekerja dalam rangka undang-undang sedia ada kerana beliau berfikir menghapuskan undang-undang hak cipta, yang dilihatnya sebagai mempunyai kelemahan, tidak dapat dilakukan dalam jangka masa pendek; dalam tahun 1988 , beliau mencipta lesen hak ciptanya sendiri, yang diberi nama <i>Emacs General Public License</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lesen copyleft pertama. Lesen ini kemudian bertukar menjadi <a href="/wiki/Lesen_Awam_Am_GNU" title="Lesen Awam Am GNU">Lesen Awam Am GNU</a> (GPL), yang kini menjadi lesen Perisian Bebas paling popular. Buat kali pertama, pemegang hak cipta mengambil langkah bagi memastikan sebanyak mungkin hak penciptaan dapat dipindahkan kepada pengguna perisian, tidak kira berapa banyak pengubahsuaian dan semakan dibuat terhadap perisian asal. <i>GPL</i> asal tidak memberikan hak kepada orang awam biasa, tetapi hanya kepada penerima program; namun, ia merupakan hasil terdaik yang dapat diraih di bawah undang-undang sedia ada. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Penggunaan_copyleft">Penggunaan copyleft</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyleft&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Penggunaan copyleft" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyleft&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Penggunaan copyleft"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amalan biasa copyleft ialah mengkodkan syarat penyalianan sesuatu karya dengan sebuah lesen. Lesen ini lazimnya memberi hak yang serupa dengan hak pengarang kepada sesiapa yang memiliki salinan perisian tersebut, termasuklah syarat yang termaktub dalam <i>Free Software Definition</i> ('Definisi Perisian Bebas'): </p> <dl><dd>Kebebasan 0 – kebebasan mengguna karya,</dd> <dd>Kebebasan 1 – kebebasan mengkaji karya,</dd> <dd>Kebebasan 2 – kebebasan menyalin dan berkonsi karya dengan orang lain,</dd> <dd>Kebebasan 3 – kebebasan mengubah suai karya, dan kebebasan mengedar perisian yang diubah suai dan, dengan itu, karya terbitan.</dd></dl> <p>Kebebasan-kebebasan ini tidak memastikan sesuatu karya terbitan akan diedarkan dengan syarat-syarat liberal yang sama. Untuk memastikan karya benar-benar copyleft, lesen perlu meletakkan kewajipan pengaran karya terbitan hanya boleh mengedarkan karya terbitan di bawar lesen yang sama atau setara. </p><p>Lesen copyleft juga menangani beberapa hambatan selain daripada hambatan terhadap penyalinan sesuatu karya. Manfaat-manfaat ini termasuk kepastian bahawa hak yang diberikan tidak boleh ditarik balik pada kemudian hari, dan kepastian karya dan hasil terbitannya disediakan dalam bentuk yang membenarkan pengubahsuaian dilakukan. Dalam perisian komputer, ini memerlukan penyediaan <a href="/wiki/Kod_sumber" title="Kod sumber">kod sumber</a> karya terbitan bersama-sama perisian itu sendiri. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nota">Nota</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyleft&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Nota" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyleft&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Nota"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">Arab</a>: <span lang="ar"><style 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.script-Lyci{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Lycian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Lydi{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Lydian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Mahj{font-family:"Noto Sans Mahajani"}.mw-parser-output .script-Maka{font-family:"Noto Serif Makasar"}.mw-parser-output .script-Mand{font-family:"Noto Sans Mandaic"}.mw-parser-output .script-Mani{font-family:"Noto Sans Manichaean"}.mw-parser-output .script-Marc{font-family:"Noto Sans Marchen"}.mw-parser-output .script-Medf{font-family:"Noto Sans Medefaidrin"}.mw-parser-output .script-Mend{font-family:"Noto Sans Mende Kikakui"}.mw-parser-output .script-Merc{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Meroitic"}.mw-parser-output .script-Mero{font-family:"Noto Sans Meroitic"}.mw-parser-output .script-Mlym{font-family:"Noto Serif Malayalam","Noto Sans Malayalam"}.mw-parser-output .script-Modi{font-family:"Noto Sans Modi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Mong{font-family:"Menk Hawang Tig","Menk Qagan Tig","Menk Garqag Tig","Menk Har_a Tig","Menk Scnin Tig","Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig","Oyun Qagan Tig","Oyun Garqag Tig","Oyun Har_a Tig","Oyun Scnin Tig","Oyun Agula Tig","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White","Mongol Usug","Mongolian White","MongolianScript","Code2000","Menksoft Qagan"}.mw-parser-output .script-Mroo{font-family:"Noto Sans Mro"}.mw-parser-output .script-Mtei{font-family:"Noto Sans Meetei Mayek","Nirmala UI"}.mw-parser-output .script-Mult{font-family:"Noto Sans Multani"}.mw-parser-output .script-Mymr{font-family:"Myanmar Text","Myanmar3","Myanmar2","Myanmar1","Padauk","Noto Sans Myanmar","mm3web","TharLon","Masterpiece Uni Sans","Parabaik","Yunghkio","Thanlwin","Win Uni Innwa","MyMyanmar Unicode","WinUni Innwa"}.mw-parser-output .script-Nagm{font-family:"Noto Sans Nag Mundari"}.mw-parser-output .script-Nand{font-family:"Noto Sans Nandinagari"}.mw-parser-output .script-Narb{font-family:"Noto Sans Old North Arabian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Nbat{font-family:"Noto Sans Nabataean"}.mw-parser-output .script-Newa{font-family:"Noto Sans Newa"}.mw-parser-output .script-Nkoo{font-family:"Conakry","DejaVu Sans","Ebrima","Noto Sans NKo"}.mw-parser-output .script-Nshu{font-family:"Noto Traditional Nushu","Noto Sans Nushu"}.mw-parser-output .script-Ogam{font-family:"BabelStone Ogham","BabelStone Ogham Fixed","BabelStone Ogham Bound","BabelStone Ogham Stemless","BabelStone Ogham Lithic","BabelStone Ogham Pictish","BabelStone Ogham Special","DejaVu Sans","Noto Sans Ogham","Segoe UI Historic","Segoe UI Symbol"}.mw-parser-output .script-Olck{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Nirmala UI","Noto Sans Ol Chiki"}.mw-parser-output .script-Orkh{font-family:"Orkun","Old Turkic","Orkun Brush","Türik Bitig","Quivira","BabelStone Irk Bitig Colour","Babelstone Irk Bitig","Noto Sans Old Turkic","Segoe UI Symbol"}.mw-parser-output .script-Orya{font-family:"Noto Sans Oriya"}.mw-parser-output .script-Osge{font-family:"Noto Sans Osage"}.mw-parser-output .script-Osma{font-family:"Ebrima","FreeSans","Noto Sans Osmanya"}.mw-parser-output .script-Ougr{font-family:"Noto Serif Old Uyghur"}.mw-parser-output .script-Palm{font-family:"Noto Sans Palmyrene"}.mw-parser-output .script-Pauc{font-family:"Noto Sans Pau Cin Hau"}.mw-parser-output .script-Perm{font-family:"Noto Sans Old Permic"}.mw-parser-output .script-Phag{font-family:"Microsoft PhagsPa","Noto Sans Phags Pa"}.mw-parser-output .script-Phli{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Inscriptional Pahlavi","Shapour","ZH Mono","sans-serif";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .script-Phlp{font-family:"Noto Sans Psalter Pahlavi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Phnx{font-family:"ALPHABETUM Unicode","MPH 2B Damase","Aegean","Code2001","Noto Sans Phoenician","FreeSans","Segoe UI Historic","sans-serif"}.mw-parser-output .script-Plrd{font-family:"Noto Sans Miao"}.mw-parser-output .script-Prti{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Inscriptional Parthian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Rjng{font-family:"Noto Sans Rejang"}.mw-parser-output .script-Rohg{font-family:"Noto Sans Hanifi Rohingya"}.mw-parser-output .script-Runr{font-family:"BabelStone Runic Beagnoth","BabelStone Runic Beorhtnoth","BabelStone Runic Beorhtric","BabelStone Runic Beowulf","BabelStone Runic Berhtwald","BabelStone Runic Byrhtferth","Junicode","Kelvinch","Free Monospaced","Code2000","Hnias","Noto Sans Runic","Segoe UI Historic","Segoe UI Symbol"}.mw-parser-output .script-Samr{font-family:"Noto Sans Samaritan","Hebrew Samaritan","Everson Mono","EversonMono","Unifont","Quivira","sans-serif";direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:bidi-override}.mw-parser-output .script-Sarb{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Old South Arabian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Saur{font-family:"Noto Sans Saurashtra"}.mw-parser-output .script-Sgnw{font-family:"Noto Sans SignWriting"}.mw-parser-output .script-Shaw{font-family:"Noto Sans Shavian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Shrd{font-family:"Noto Sans Sharada"}.mw-parser-output .script-Sidd{font-family:"Noto Sans Siddham","Muktamsiddham","ApDevaSanskrit","ApDevaSiddham","ApDevaSiddhamEx","ApSiddham","MuktamsiddhamG","和田研中丸ゴシック2004絵文字","WadaLabChuMaruGo2004Emoji","和田研細丸ゴシック2004絵文字","WadaLabMaruGo2004Emoji"}.mw-parser-output .script-Sind{font-family:"Noto Sans Khudawadi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Sinh{font-family:"Iskoola Pota","Noto Sans Sinhala","Noto Sans Sinhala","Nirmala UI"}.mw-parser-output .script-Sogd{font-family:"Noto Sans Sogdian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Sogo{font-family:"Noto Sans Old Sogdian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Sora{font-family:"Nirmala UI","Noto Sans Sora Sompeng"}.mw-parser-output .script-Soyo{font-family:"Noto Sans Soyombo"}.mw-parser-output .script-Sund{font-family:"Sundanese Unicode 2013","Sundanese Unicode","Noto Sans Sundanese"}.mw-parser-output .script-Sylo{font-family:"Noto Sans Syloti Nagri","Surma"}.mw-parser-output .script-Syrc{font-family:"Estrangelo Antioch","Estrangelo Edessa","Estrangelo Midyat","Estrangelo Nisibin","Estrangelo Quenneshrin","Estrangelo Talada","Estrangelo TurAbdin","Noto Sans Syriac","Noto Sans Syriac Estrangela","Segoe UI Historic"}.mw-parser-output .script-Tagb{font-family:"Tagbanwa","Quivira","Noto Sans Tagbanwa","Code2000"}.mw-parser-output .script-Takr{font-family:"Noto Sans Takri"}.mw-parser-output .script-Tale{font-family:"Microsoft Tai Le","Noto Sans Tai Le"}.mw-parser-output .script-Talu{font-family:"Dai Banna SIL","Noto Sans New Tai Lue","Microsoft New Tai Lue"}.mw-parser-output .script-Taml{font-family:"Nirmala UI",Latha,"Noto Serif Tamil","Noto Sans Tamil"}.mw-parser-output .script-Tang{font-family:"Tangut Yinchuan","Tangut N4694","New Tangut","New Tangut Std","Tangut TWU","TH-Tshyn-P1","TH-Feon-B","Babelstone Tangut Wenhai","Noto Serif Tangut"}.mw-parser-output .script-Tavt{font-family:"Noto Sans Tai Viet"}.mw-parser-output .script-Telu{font-family:"Nirmala UI",Gautami,"Noto Serif Telugu","Noto Sans Telugu"}.mw-parser-output .script-Tfng{font-family:"DejaVu Sans","Ebrima","FreeSans","Noto Sans Tifinagh"}.mw-parser-output .script-Tglg{font-family:"Noto Sans Tagalog","Tagalog Doctrina 1593","Baybayin Lopez","Tagalog Stylized","Code2000"}.mw-parser-output .script-Thaa{font-family:"MV Boli","Noto Sans Thaana"}.mw-parser-output .script-Thai{font-family:"Noto Serif Thai",Leelawadee,Tahoma,"Noto Sans Thai"}.mw-parser-output .script-Tibt{font-family:"Microsoft Himalaya","Noto Sans Tibetan"}.mw-parser-output .script-Tirh{font-family:"Noto Sans Tirhuta"}.mw-parser-output .script-Tnsa{font-family:"Noto Sans Tangsa"}.mw-parser-output .script-Toto{font-family:"Noto Serif Toto"}.mw-parser-output .script-Ugar{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Ugaritic","Aegean"}.mw-parser-output .script-Vaii{font-family:Ebrima,"Noto Sans Vai"}.mw-parser-output .script-Vith{font-family:"Noto Serif Vithkuqi","Noto Sans Vithkuqi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Wara{font-family:"Noto Sans Warang Citi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Wcho{font-family:"Noto Sans Wancho"}.mw-parser-output .script-Xpeo{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Old Persian","Artaxerxes","Xerxes","Aegean"}.mw-parser-output .script-Xsux{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Cuneiform"}.mw-parser-output .script-Yezi{font-family:"Noto Sans Yezidi","Noto Serif Yezidi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Yiii{font-family:"Nuosu SIL","SIL Yi","Microsoft Yi Baiti","Noto Sans Yi","NSimSun-18030","SimSun-18030","Code2000"}.mw-parser-output .script-Zanb{font-family:"BabelStone Zanabazar","Noto Sans Zanabazar Square"}.mw-parser-output .script-Zsye{font-family:"Apple Color Emoji","Noto Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbols"}.mw-parser-output .script-Latf,.mw-parser-output .script-de-Latf{font-family:"Breitkopf Fraktur",UnifrakturCook,UniFrakturMaguntia,MarsFraktur,"MarsFraktur OT",KochFraktur,"KochFraktur OT",OffenbacherSchwabOT,"LOB.AlteSchwabacher","LOV.AlteSchwabacher","LOB.AtlantisFraktur","LOV.AtlantisFraktur","LOB.BreitkopfFraktur","LOV.BreitkopfFraktur","LOB.FetteFraktur","LOV.FetteFraktur","LOB.Fraktur3","LOV.Fraktur3","LOB.RochFraktur","LOV.RochFraktur","LOB.PostFraktur","LOV.PostFraktur","LOB.RuelhscheFraktur","LOV.RuelhscheFraktur","LOB.RungholtFraktur","LOV.RungholtFraktur","LOB.TheuerbankFraktur","LOV.TheuerbankFraktur","LOB.VinetaFraktur","LOV.VinetaFraktur","LOB.WalbaumFraktur","LOV.WalbaumFraktur","LOB.WeberMainzerFraktur","LOV.WeberMainzerFraktur","LOB.WieynckFraktur","LOV.WieynckFraktur","LOB.ZentenarFraktur","LOV.ZentenarFraktur"}.mw-parser-output .script-en-Latf{font-family:Cankama,"Old English Text MT","Textura Libera","Textura Libera Tenuis",London}.mw-parser-output .script-it-Latf{font-family:"Rotunda Pommerania",Rotunda,"Typographer Rotunda"}.mw-parser-output .script-Latg{font-family:Duibhlinn,Ceanannas,Corcaigh,Bunchló,"Bunchló Ársa GC","Bunchlo Arsa GC",Gaelic,Gadelica,Junicode,Cardo}.mw-parser-output .script-Latn{font-family:"Palemonas MUFI","EB Garamond","EB Garamond 12","Garamond Libre","Cormorant Garamond","Cormorant","Cardo","ETBookOT","ETBembo","Junicode","Andron Freefont LAT","PFEFFER MEDIÆVAL","Open Baskerville","Adobe Garamond Pro","Adobe Caslon Pro","Baskerville Ten","Garamond","serif"}.mw-parser-output .script-Syre{font-family:"Estrangelo Antioch","Estrangelo Edessa","Estrangelo Midyat","Estrangelo Nisibin","Estrangelo Quenneshrin","Estrangelo Talada","Estrangelo TurAbdin","Noto Sans Syriac","Noto Sans Syriac Estrangela","Segoe UI Historic"}.mw-parser-output .script-Syrj{font-family:"Serto Antioch Bible","Serto Batnan","Serto Jerusalem","Serto Kharput","Serto Malankara","Serto Mardin","Serto Urhoy","Noto Sans Syriac","Noto Sans Syriac Western"}.mw-parser-output .script-Syrn{font-family:"East Syriac Adiabene","East Syriac Ctesiphon","Noto Sans Syriac Eastern","Noto Sans Syriac",FreeSans,Code2000}.mw-parser-output .script-Cyrs{font-family:"Ponomar Unicode","Ponomar Unicode TT","Acathist","Triodion Unicode","Menaion Unicode","Menaion Unicode TT","Shafarik","Fedorovsk Unicode","Fedorovsk Unicode TT","Monomakh Unicode","Monomakh Unicode TT",BukyVede,"Kliment Std","RomanCyrillic Std","Monomachus","Old Standard","Old Standard TT",Dilyana,Menaion,"Menaion Medieval",Lazov,Code2000,"DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif",Code2001,"FreeSerif","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Chrysanthi Unicode","Bitstream Cyberbit","Bitstream CyberBase",Thryomanes,"Lucida Grande","FreeSans","Arial Unicode MS","Microsoft Sans Serif","Lucida Sans Unicode"}</style><span class="script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">حُقُوق مَتْرُوكَة</span>‎</span>, <small>rumi: </small><span title="Arab-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ḥuqūq matrūkah</i></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: ar is deprecated </span> "hak pembiaran", <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Perancis" title="Bahasa Perancis">Perancis</a>: <i lang="fr">copie laissée</i><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: fr is deprecated </span> "hak melepas", <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Sepanyol" title="Bahasa Sepanyol">Sepanyol</a>: <i lang="es">dejada-copia</i><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: es is deprecated </span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyleft&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyleft&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft">"What is Copyleft?"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2010-08-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+Copyleft%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gnu.org%2Fcopyleft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ACopyleft" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Allison_1976-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Allison_1976_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFAllison1976" class="citation journal cs1">Allison, Dennis (July 1976). "Design notes for TINY BASIC". <i>SIGPLAN Notices</i>. ACM. <b>11</b> (7): pp. 25–33. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F987491.987494">10.1145/987491.987494</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SIGPLAN+Notices&rft.atitle=Design+notes+for+TINY+BASIC&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=pp.+25-33&rft.date=1976-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F987491.987494&rft.aulast=Allison&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ACopyleft" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|pages=</code> has extra text (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#extra_text_pages" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_for_Computing_Machinery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association for Computing Machinery (laman tidak wujud)">ACM</a> Special Interest Group on Programming Languages (SIGPLAN) reprinted the Tiny Basic design notes from the January 1976 Tiny BASIC Journal.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Warren_1976-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Warren_1976_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Warren_1976_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWarren1976" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jim_Warren_(computer_specialist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jim Warren (computer specialist) (laman tidak wujud)">Warren, Jim C.</a> (July 1976). "Correspondence". <i>SIGPLAN Notices</i>. ACM. <b>11</b> (7): pp. 1–2. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-1340">0362-1340</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SIGPLAN+Notices&rft.atitle=Correspondence&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=pp.+1-2&rft.date=1976-07&rft.issn=0362-1340&rft.aulast=Warren&rft.aufirst=Jim+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ACopyleft" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|pages=</code> has extra text (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#extra_text_pages" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWang1976" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li-Chen_Wang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li-Chen Wang (laman tidak wujud)">Wang, Li-Chen</a> (1976). "Palo Alto Tiny BASIC". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dr._Dobb%27s_Journal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dr. Dobb's Journal (laman tidak wujud)">Dr. Dobb's Journal of Computer Calisthenics & Orthodontia, Running Light Without Overbyte</a></i>. <b>1</b> (5): 12–25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dr.+Dobb%27s+Journal+of+Computer+Calisthenics+%26+Orthodontia%2C+Running+Light+Without+Overbyte&rft.atitle=Palo+Alto+Tiny+BASIC&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=12-25&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Li-Chen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ACopyleft" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|month=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span> Source code begins with the following six lines. "TINY BASIC FOR INTEL 8080; VERSION 1.0; BY LI-CHEN WANG; 10 JUNE, 1976; @COPYLEFT; ALL WRONGS RESERVED" The June date in the May issue is correct. The magazine was behind schedule, the June and July issues were combined to catch up.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFRauskolb1976" class="citation journal cs1">Rauskolb, Roger (1976). "Dr. Wang's Palo Alto Tiny BASIC". <i>Interface Age</i>. <b>2</b> (1): 92–108.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Interface+Age&rft.atitle=Dr.+Wang%27s+Palo+Alto+Tiny+BASIC&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=92-108&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Rauskolb&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ACopyleft" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|month=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span> The source code begins with the following nine lines: <tt>TINY BASIC FOR INTEL 8080; VERSION 2.0; BY LI-CHEN WANG; MODIFIED AND TRANSLATED TO INTEL MNEMONICS; BY ROGER RAUSKOLB; 10 OCTOBER, 1976 ; @COPYLEFT; ALL WRONGS RESERVED</tt></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFCarver" class="citation web cs1">Carver, Brian W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1586574">"Share and Share Alike: Understanding and Enforcing Open Source and Free Software Licenses"</a>. Berkeley Technology Law Journal<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada 2/6/12</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Share+and+Share+Alike%3A+Understanding+and+Enforcing+Open+Source+and+Free+Software+Licenses&rft.pub=Berkeley+Technology+Law+Journal&rft.aulast=Carver&rft.aufirst=Brian+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D1586574&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ACopyleft" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam_Williams_(American_journalist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sam Williams (American journalist) (laman tidak wujud)">Williams, Sam</a> (2002). "7". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oreilly.com/openbook/freedom"><i>Free as in Freedom - Richard Stallman's Crusade for Free Software</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=O%27Reilly_Media&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O'Reilly Media (laman tidak wujud)">O'Reilly Media</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/0-596-00287-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/0-596-00287-4"><bdi>0-596-00287-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=7&rft.btitle=Free+as+in+Freedom+-+Richard+Stallman%27s+Crusade+for+Free+Software&rft.pub=O%27Reilly+Media&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-596-00287-4&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oreilly.com%2Fopenbook%2Ffreedom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ACopyleft" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|month=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>); </span><span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|chapterurl=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.free-soft.org/gpl_history/emacs_gpl.html">"Emacs General Public License"</a>. 2001-07-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2008-08-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Emacs+General+Public+License&rft.date=2001-07-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.free-soft.org%2Fgpl_history%2Femacs_gpl.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ACopyleft" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyleft&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyleft&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Cari <i><b><a href="https://ms.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wikimedia" class="extiw" title="wikt:Wikimedia">Wikimedia </a></b></i> dalam <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiktionary">Wikikamus</a> bahasa Melayu, kamus bebas.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/copyleft.html">What is copyleft?</a> – oleh <a href="/wiki/Pengguna:Muhammad_Alif_Adha_Bin_Samad" title="Pengguna:Muhammad Alif Adha Bin Samad">pengguna</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gnu.org/bulletins/bull5.html#SEC5">GNU's Bulletin, vol. 1 no. 5</a> – Kemunculan pertama rencan berkaitan <i>What is copyleft?</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/freedom-or-power.html">Freedom or Power</a> oleh Richard Stallman dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bradley_Kuhn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bradley Kuhn (laman tidak wujud)">Bradley Kuhn</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/pragmatic.html">Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</a> – oleh Richard Stallman</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eyemagazine.com/opinion.php?id=117&oid=290"><i>Eye Magazine</i> – Rencana Copyleft dan Copyright</a></li> <li>Two explanations of copyleft and its history by Richard Stallman: satu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fsfeurope.org/projects/gplv3/fisl-rms-transcript.en.html#what-is-copyleft">April 2006</a>, dan satu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fsfeurope.org/projects/gplv3/barcelona-rms-transcript.en.html#copyleft">Jun 2006</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/policy/2001/12/12/transition.html">Article: Working Without Copyleft oleh Bjørn Reese dan Daniel Stenberg, 19 Disember 2001</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_M._Berry2008" class="citation book cs1">David M. Berry (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Copy-Rip-Burn-Politics-Source/dp/0745324142"><i>Copy, Rip, Burn: The Politics of Copyleft and Open Source</i></a>. London:Pluto Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Copy%2C+Rip%2C+Burn%3A+The+Politics+of+Copyleft+and+Open+Source&rft.pub=London%3APluto+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.au=David+M.+Berry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FCopy-Rip-Burn-Politics-Source%2Fdp%2F0745324142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ACopyleft" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Cite has empty unknown parameter: <code class="cs1-code">|subtitle=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#param_unknown_empty" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFSteven_Weber2005" class="citation book cs1">Steven Weber (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Success-Open-Source-Steven-Weber/dp/0674018583/ref=ed_oe_p"><i>The Success of Open Source</i></a>. Harvard: Harvard University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Success+of+Open+Source&rft.pub=Harvard%3A+Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Steven+Weber&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FSuccess-Open-Source-Steven-Weber%2Fdp%2F0674018583%2Fref%3Ded_oe_p&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ACopyleft" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Cite has empty unknown parameter: <code class="cs1-code">|subtitle=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#param_unknown_empty" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copyleft&oldid=6176118">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copyleft&oldid=6176118</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori-kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_yang_mengandungi_teks_bahasa_Arab" title="Kategori:Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa Arab">Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa Arab</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Lang_and_lang-xx_using_deprecated_ISO_639_codes" title="Kategori:Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes">Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_yang_mengandungi_teks_bahasa_Perancis" title="Kategori:Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa Perancis">Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa Perancis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_yang_mengandungi_teks_bahasa_Sepanyol" title="Kategori:Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa Sepanyol">Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa Sepanyol</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_errors:_extra_text:_pages" title="Kategori:CS1 errors: extra text: pages">CS1 errors: extra text: pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_errors:_unsupported_parameter" title="Kategori:CS1 errors: unsupported parameter">CS1 errors: unsupported parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_errors:_dates" title="Kategori:CS1 errors: dates">CS1 errors: dates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_errors:_empty_unknown_parameters" title="Kategori:CS1 errors: empty unknown parameters">CS1 errors: empty unknown parameters</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Laman ini kali terakhir disunting pada 01:00, 22 April 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks disediakan di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms">Lesen Creative Commons Pengiktirafan/Perkongsian Serupa</a>; terma tambahan mungkin digunapakai. 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