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href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Gerbang-komuniti" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gerbang_Komuniti"><span>Gerbang komuniti</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_terkini" title="Senarai perubahan terkini dalam wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Menderma" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Menderma</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Tempat mencari jawapan"><span>Bantuan</span></a></li><li id="n-Kedai-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kedai_Kopi"><span>Kedai 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href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms" class=""><span>Derma</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Seni" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib" class=""><span>Buka akaun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Seni" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log masuk</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Lebih pilihan" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alat peribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alat peribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Derma</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Seni" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buka akaun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Seni" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumbangan_saya" title="Senarai suntingan yang dibuat daripada alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Sumbangan</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Peristilahan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peristilahan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Peristilahan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Peristilahan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Peristilahan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Peristilahan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Asal_kata" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asal_kata"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Asal kata</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asal_kata-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah_dan_polemik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah_dan_polemik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Sejarah dan polemik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah_dan_polemik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neologisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neologisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Neologisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neologisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pengertian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pengertian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pengertian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pengertian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kegunaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kegunaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kegunaan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kegunaan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Kegunaan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kegunaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kegunaan_tanpa_dorongan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kegunaan_tanpa_dorongan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Kegunaan tanpa dorongan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kegunaan_tanpa_dorongan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kegunaan_berdorongan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kegunaan_berdorongan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Kegunaan berdorongan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kegunaan_berdorongan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cabang-cabang_seni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cabang-cabang_seni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cabang-cabang seni</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cabang-cabang_seni-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Cabang-cabang seni</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cabang-cabang_seni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Seni_halus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seni_halus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Seni halus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seni_halus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bidang_kesenian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bidang_kesenian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bidang kesenian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bidang_kesenian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contoh_bidang_kesenian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contoh_bidang_kesenian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Contoh bidang kesenian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contoh_bidang_kesenian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Pautan luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Seni</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 208 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-208" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">208 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D" title="Гъуазджэ – Kabardia" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Гъуазджэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuns" title="Kuns – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kuns" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunst" title="Kunst – Jerman Switzerland" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kunst" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Switzerland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Кееркемел – Altai Selatan" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Кееркемел" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="Altai Selatan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A5%E1%8A%90_%E1%8C%A5%E1%89%A0%E1%89%A5" title="ሥነ ጥበብ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሥነ ጥበብ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="कला – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कला" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%86" title="فن – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte" title="Arte – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Arte" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF" title="Արուեստ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Արուեստ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%C3%A2" title="Artâ – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Artâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82rt" title="Ârt – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Ârt" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" title="কলা – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কলা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte" title="Arte – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Arte" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tembiapopor%C3%A3" title="Tembiapoporã – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tembiapoporã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8C%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%B8" title="Гьунарлъи – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Гьунарлъи" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%A4pa" title="Yäpa – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Yäpa" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0nc%C9%99s%C9%99n%C9%99t" title="İncəsənət – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İncəsənət" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%AA" title="اینجه‌صنعت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اینجه‌صنعت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seni" title="Seni – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Seni" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" title="শিল্পকলা – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শিল্পকলা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%93-su%CC%8Dt" title="Gē-su̍t – Cina Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Gē-su̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Cina Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%99%D0%BD%D2%93%D3%99%D1%82" title="Сәнғәт – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Сәнғәт" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Мастацтва – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мастацтва" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Мастацтва – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мастацтва" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="कला – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कला" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte" title="Arte – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Arte" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunst" title="Kunst – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kunst" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A9%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8D" title="སྒྱུ་རྩལ། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སྒྱུ་རྩལ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umjetnost" title="Umjetnost – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Umjetnost" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arz" title="Arz – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Arz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Изкуство – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Изкуство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3" title="Уралиг – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Уралиг" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art" title="Art – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Art" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte" title="Arte – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Arte" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ӳнер – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ӳнер" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Um%C4%9Bn%C3%AD" title="Umění – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Umění" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Useza" title="Useza – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Useza" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte" title="Arte – Corsica" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Arte" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celf" title="Celf – Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Celf" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunst" title="Kunst – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kunst" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%86" title="فن – Arab Maghribi" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="فن" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maghribi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunst" title="Kunst – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kunst" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunst" title="Kunst – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kunst" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art" title="Art – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Art" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Сэтень – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Сэтень" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte" title="Arte – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arte" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana baik"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arto" title="Arto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Arto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arti" title="Arti – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Arti" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte" title="Arte – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Arte" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1" title="هنر – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هنر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art" title="Art – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Art" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art" title="Art – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Art" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keunst" title="Keunst – Frisian Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Keunst" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art" title="Art – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Art" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eala%C3%ADn" title="Ealaín – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ealaín" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellyn" title="Ellyn – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ellyn" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faatufugaga" title="Faatufugaga – Samoa" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Faatufugaga" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ealain" title="Ealain – Scots Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ealain" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scots Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana baik"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte" title="Arte – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Arte" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="藝術 – Cina Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="藝術" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Cina Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8A%D9%86%D8%B1" title="هۊنر – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="هۊنر" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BE" title="કલા – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કલા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngi-su%CC%8Dt" title="Ngi-su̍t – Cina Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngi-su̍t" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Cina Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%88%EC%88%A0" title="예술 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="예술" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art" title="Art – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Art" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81heona" title="Pāheona – Hawaii" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Pāheona" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaii" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF" title="Արվեստ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արվեստ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="कला – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umjetnost" title="Umjetnost – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Umjetnost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arto" title="Arto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Arto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C7%B8k%C3%A0" title="Ǹkà – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ǹkà" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte" title="Arte – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Arte" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC" title="কলা বারো কলাতত্ত্ব – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="কলা বারো কলাতত্ত্ব" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte" title="Arte – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Arte" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte" title="Arte – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Arte" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Аивад – Ossete" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Аивад" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossete" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubugcisa" title="Ubugcisa – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ubugcisa" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuciko" title="Ubuciko – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ubuciko" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/List" title="List – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="List" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte" title="Arte – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Arte" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA" title="אמנות – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמנות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kagunan" title="Kagunan – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kagunan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eqqumiitsuliorneq" title="Eqqumiitsuliorneq – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Eqqumiitsuliorneq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86" title="ಕಲೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಲೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ხელოვნება – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხელოვნება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8E%D9%86" title="فَن – Kashmir" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="فَن" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B9%C5%84szt" title="Kùńszt – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Kùńszt" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Өнер – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Өнер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art" title="Art – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Art" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%BC_%D3%A9%D0%BD%D3%A9%D1%80" title="Көркөм өнөр – Kirghiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Көркөм өнөр" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirghiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usanii" title="Usanii – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Usanii" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamba" title="Yamba – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Yamba" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atizay" title="Atizay – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Atizay" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lar" title="Lar – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lar" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huner" title="Huner – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Huner" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ert" title="Ert – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Ert" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte" title="Arte – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Arte" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0" title="ສິນລະປະ – Laos" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສິນລະປະ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ars" title="Ars – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ars" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81ksla" title="Māksla – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Māksla" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C4%80ti" title="ʻĀti – Tonga" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="ʻĀti" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konscht" title="Konscht – Luxembourg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Konscht" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menas" title="Menas – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Menas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte" title="Arte – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Arte" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuns" title="Kuns – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kuns" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nt%C9%94%CC%81ki" title="Ntɔ́ki – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Ntɔ́ki" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte" title="Arte – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Arte" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/larcu" title="larcu – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="larcu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art" title="Art – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Art" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C5%B1v%C3%A9szet" title="Művészet – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Művészet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="कला – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="कला" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Уметност – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Уметност" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zavakanto" title="Zavakanto – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Zavakanto" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arti" title="Arti – Malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Arti" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="कला – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कला" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ხელუანობა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ხელუანობა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%86" title="فن – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1" title="هنر – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="هنر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seni" title="Seni – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Seni" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%AB-s%C5%ADk" title="Mī-sŭk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Mī-sŭk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte" title="Arte – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Arte" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Сетеньсь – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Сетеньсь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Урлаг – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Урлаг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%94%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC" title="အနုပညာ – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အနုပညာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cakacakaniliga" title="Cakacakaniliga – Fiji" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Cakacakaniliga" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunst" title="Kunst – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kunst" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keunst" title="Keunst – Saxon Rendah" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Keunst" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Saxon Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="कला – Nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कला" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8A%B8%E8%A1%93" title="芸術 – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="芸術" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte" title="Arte – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Arte" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Исбаьхьалла – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Исбаьхьалла" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konst" title="Konst – Frisian Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Konst" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunst" title="Kunst – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kunst" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunst" title="Kunst – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kunst" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art" title="Art – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Art" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Сымыктыш – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Сымыктыш" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aartii" title="Aartii – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Aartii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%CA%BCat" title="Sanʼat – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sanʼat" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE" title="ਕਲਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਲਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunst" title="Kunst – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Kunst" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%B9" title="آرٹ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آرٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%94%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F" title="အနုပညာႏ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အနုပညာႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte" title="Arte – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Arte" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1" title="هنر – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هنر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aat" title="Aat – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Aat" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%88" title="សិល្បៈ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សិល្បៈ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="ပါန်ကွတ် – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ပါန်ကွတ်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunst" title="Kunst – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kunst" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sztuka" title="Sztuka – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sztuka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte" title="Arte – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Arte" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanat" title="Sanat – Turki Krimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Sanat" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Turki Krimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%C4%83" title="Artă – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Artă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapchiy" title="Kapchiy – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kapchiy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Уменя – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Уменя" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Искусство – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Искусство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8C%D0%BE%D2%95%D1%83%D1%80" title="Дьоҕур – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Дьоҕур" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="कला – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कला" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte" title="Arte – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Arte" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airt" title="Airt – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Airt" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunst" title="Kunst – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Kunst" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arti" title="Arti – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Arti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arti" title="Arti – Sicili" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Arti" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="කලාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කලාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art" title="Art – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Art" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%86" title="فن – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="فن" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buciko" title="Buciko – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Buciko" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umenie" title="Umenie – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Umenie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umetnost" title="Umetnost – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Umetnost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%8Dnszt" title="Kōnszt – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kōnszt" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D9%88%D9%86%DB%95%D8%B1" title="ھونەر – Kurdi Tengah" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھونەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Tengah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Уметност – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Уметност" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umjetnost" title="Umjetnost – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Umjetnost" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seni" title="Seni – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Seni" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taide" title="Taide – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Taide" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konst" title="Konst – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Konst" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%E1%BA%93u%E1%B9%9Bi" title="Taẓuṛi – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Taẓuṛi" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sining" title="Sining – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sining" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="கலை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%E1%BA%93uri" title="Taẓuri – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Taẓuri" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A4n%C4%9F%C3%A4t" title="Sänğät – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Sänğät" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B3" title="కళ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కళ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B0" title="ศิลปะ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ศิลปะ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngh%E1%BB%87_thu%E1%BA%ADt" title="Nghệ thuật – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nghệ thuật" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%90_%E1%8C%A5%E1%89%A0%E1%89%A5" title="ስነ ጥበብ – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ስነ ጥበብ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Санъат – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Санъат" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/At" title="At – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="At" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanat" title="Sanat – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sanat" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Мистецтво – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мистецтво" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%86" title="فن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yisuz" title="Yisuz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Yisuz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte" title="Arte – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Arte" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Comamaht" title="Čomamaht – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Čomamaht" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lekan" title="Lekan – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lekan" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunst" title="Kunst – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kunst" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85rt" title="Årt – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Årt" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%C3%A9" title="Arté – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Arté" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A0nn" title="Fànn – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Fànn" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF" title="艺术 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="艺术" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuqambhi" title="Vuqambhi – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Vuqambhi" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%98" title="קונסט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קונסט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%E1%B9%A3%E1%BA%B9%CC%81_%E1%BB%8Dn%C3%A0" title="Iṣẹ́ ọnà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Iṣẹ́ ọnà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="藝術 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="藝術" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huner" title="Huner – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Huner" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunst" title="Kunst – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Kunst" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mens" title="Mens – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Mens" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF" title="艺术 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="艺术" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seni" title="Seni – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Seni" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A5%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%89" title="ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵔⵉ – Tamazight Maghribi Standard" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵔⵉ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Tamazight Maghribi Standard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q735#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Seni" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan:Seni" rel="discussion" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Melayu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Seni"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Seni"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Seni" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Seni" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&oldid=5574631" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Seni&id=5574631&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSeni"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSeni"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Seni"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Seni&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Art" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q735" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><table class="box-Seperti_karangan plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-essay-like" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">article <b>ini ditulis seperti <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_bukanlah#PUBLISHER" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia bukanlah">penonjolan peribadi atau karangan pendapat</a> bukannya perihal berbentuk ensiklopedia</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Sila <a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seni&action=edit">membantu meningkatkannya</a> dengan menulis semula dalam <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Garis_panduan_penulisan_yang_lebih_baik" title="Wikipedia:Garis panduan penulisan yang lebih baik">gaya berbentuk ensiklopedia</a>.</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Art-portrait-collage_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Art-portrait-collage_2.jpg/300px-Art-portrait-collage_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Art-portrait-collage_2.jpg/450px-Art-portrait-collage_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Art-portrait-collage_2.jpg/600px-Art-portrait-collage_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Arah ikut jam daripada atas kiri: sebuah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Potret_diri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potret diri (laman tidak wujud)">potret diri</a> daripada <a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a>, sebuah patung Afrika <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chokwe_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chokwe people (laman tidak wujud)">Chokwe</a>, butiran daripada <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Birth_of_Venus_(Botticelli)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Birth of Venus (Botticelli) (laman tidak wujud)">Birth of Venus</a></i> oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandro_Botticelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sandro Botticelli (laman tidak wujud)">Sandro Botticelli</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shisa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shisa (laman tidak wujud)">Singa Shisa</a> Jepun</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Seni</b> (<a href="/wiki/Tulisan_Jawi" title="Tulisan Jawi">Jawi</a>: <span dir="rtl" style="font-size:100%;">‏<span title="Melayu (bahasa makro)-language text"><span lang="ms"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5953951">.mw-parser-output .script-Adlm{font-family:"Noto Sans Adlam"}.mw-parser-output .script-Aghb{font-family:"Noto Sans Caucasian Albanian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Ahom{font-family:"Noto Serif Ahom"}.mw-parser-output .script-Arab{font-family:"Scheherazade 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.script-Cyrs{font-family:"Ponomar Unicode","Ponomar Unicode TT","Acathist","Triodion Unicode","Menaion Unicode","Menaion Unicode TT","Shafarik","Fedorovsk Unicode","Fedorovsk Unicode TT","Monomakh Unicode","Monomakh Unicode TT",BukyVede,"Kliment Std","RomanCyrillic Std","Monomachus","Old Standard","Old Standard TT",Dilyana,Menaion,"Menaion Medieval",Lazov,Code2000,"DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif",Code2001,"FreeSerif","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Chrysanthi Unicode","Bitstream Cyberbit","Bitstream CyberBase",Thryomanes,"Lucida Grande","FreeSans","Arial Unicode MS","Microsoft Sans Serif","Lucida Sans Unicode"}</style><span class="script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">سني</span>‎</span></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: ms is deprecated </span>‎</span>) merupakan julat yang berlainan untuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelakuan_manusia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelakuan manusia (laman tidak wujud)">kelakuan atau kegiatan manusia</a> dan produk dihasilkan dari perilaku begitu. Rencana ini menumpukan perkara terutamanya <a href="/wiki/Seni_visual" class="mw-redirect" title="Seni visual">seni visual</a> termasuklah penciptaan imej atau objek dalam lapangan bidang seperti <a href="/wiki/Seni_lukis" title="Seni lukis">seni lukis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seni_arca" title="Seni arca">seni arca</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembuatan_percetakan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembuatan percetakan (laman tidak wujud)">pembuatan percetakan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fotografi" title="Fotografi">fotografi</a> dan media visual yang lain. Pada masa kini, seni merupakan luahan daya kreatif manusia yang paling dikenali dan dianggap sebagai keunggulan daya cipta manusia. Walaupun begitu, seni sukar ditakrifkan disebabkan setiap seniman mempunyai aturan dan sekatan tersendiri bagi setiap hasil kerja mereka. Seni boleh dikatakan sebagai proses dan hasil dari pemilihan saluran <i>medium</i>, untuk menyampaikan sama ada kepercayaan, idea, rasa, atau perasaan dalam bentuk terbaik untuk saluran tersebut. </p><p>Seni sukar ditakrifkan, sebagaimana ia sukar dinilaikan, disebabkan setiap artis memilih peraturan dan tata rajah tersendiri untuk menentukan karyanya. Masih boleh dikatakan bahawa seni adalah proses dan hasil pemilihan medium, set aturan untuk penggunaan medium tersebut, dan set nilai yang menentukan apa yang berhak di gambarkan melalui medium tersebut, agar dapat menyampaikan kepercayaan, idea, rasa, perasaan dalam bentuk paling berkesan bagi medium tersebut. Walaupun, banyak artis terikut artis dahulu, dan sebagainya. Beberapa garis panduan telah muncul untuk menetapkan bagaimana menggambarkan idea tertentu melalui simbol dan bentuk (seperti pokok selasih sebagai kekasih). </p><p>Setiap orang mempunyai pendapat tersendiri mengenai apa yang boleh dianggap seni; sebagai contoh, adakah seseorang itu boleh menghasilkan seni, sekiranya ia tidak bertujuan sebagai hasil seni. Adakah seni merupakan bentuk luahan seseorang? Adakah hasil seni dianggap seni hanya apabila ia sempurna? </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Peristilahan">Peristilahan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Peristilahan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Peristilahan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pengertian seni dalam bahasa Melayu memiliki riwayat peristilahannya sendiri yang tidak sederhana, baik dipandang dari segi terminologi mahupun etimologinya. Hal ini mula-nya disebabkan oleh ketiadaan padanan istilah yang cocok dalam bahasa Melayu untuk konsep <i>art</i> dalam bahasa Inggris atau <i>kunst</i> dalam bahasa Belanda. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asal_kata">Asal kata</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Asal kata" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Asal kata"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Asal mula kata <i>seni</i> dalam bahasa Melayu umum tidak begitu jelas dan memiliki banyak teori, di antaranya adalah: </p> <ul><li>Pinjaman istilah dipakai di <a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Riau" title="Kepulauan Riau">Kepulauan Riau</a> (terutamanya di Sungai Rokan) <i>sonik</i> yang berasal dari kata 'so' atau 'se' artinya adalah 'satu', berasal dari bahasa Sanskrit 'swa' (satu), yang digabung dengan kata 'nik' yang ertinya sesuatu yang sangat kecil atau halus. Kata <i>sonik/sonit/seni</i> bererti suatu yang halus bentuk rupa mahupun sifatnya.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>pinjaman kata <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Sanskrit" title="Bahasa Sanskrit">bahasa Sanskrit</a> <i>sani</i> berert "persembahan", layanan dan pemberian yang tulus.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>pinjaman kata <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Belanda" title="Bahasa Belanda">bahasa Belanda</a> <i>genie</i> [gĕ-ni-ĕ] yang artinya kemampuan luar biasa yang dibawa sejak lahir,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> seperti makna ketiga kata seni dalam KBBI yang berarti genius.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sejarah_dan_polemik">Sejarah dan polemik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Sejarah dan polemik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sejarah dan polemik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Para penterjemah karya-karya Barat di <a href="/wiki/Hindia_Timur_Belanda" title="Hindia Timur Belanda">Hindia Timur Belanda</a> pada awal abad ke-20 ada menemukan seberapa permasalahan dalam memadankan konsep-konsep Barat yang didapati hampir sukar diungkapkan dalam peristilahan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Melayu" title="Bahasa Melayu">bahasa Melayu</a> termasuklah seni: meskipun gejala kesenian telah ada sebelumnya serta istilah padanannya dapat digali dari kosakata dalam bahasa-bahasa dituturi <a href="/wiki/Nusantara" title="Nusantara">Nusantara</a>, seperti kata <i>kagunan</i> dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Jawa" title="Bahasa Jawa">bahasa Jawa</a> dan <i>kabinangkitan</i> dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Sunda" title="Bahasa Sunda">bahasa Sunda</a>. Istilah <i>kunst</i> dalam kamus Belanda-Melayu (Klinkert atau Mayer atau Badings yang terbit pada penghujung abad ke-19 atau permulaan abad ke-20) diterjemahkan menjadi <i>hikmat, ilmu, pengetahuan, kepandaian</i> dan <i>ketukangan</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kamus Umum Bahasa Indonesia (terbit pertama kali 1953) oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=W._J._S._Poerwadarminta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W. J. S. Poerwadarminta (laman tidak wujud)">Purwadarminta</a> ditengarai ialah kamus yang merekam kata seni dengan makna yang baru untuk pertama kalinya. Meskipun Purwadarminta bukanlah yang mula-mula menggunakan istilah "seni" dan "seni rupa", tetapi hal ini membuat polemik di kalangan seniman karena seakan-akan menimbulkan ketimpangan persepsi antara seni di Indonesia dan seni di Barat.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tambahan pula, pemadanan kata "seni" untuk <i>art</i> atau <i>kunst</i> sesungguhnya terdengar sangat ganjil pada ketika itu memandangkan kata "seni" hanya sering digunakan pada konteks <i>air seni</i> yang merupakan penghalusan istilah untuk kencing sebelum abad ke-19.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sedangkan, contoh penggunaan kata seni untuk menyebut sesuatu kecil/lembut pada konteks lainnya tidak banyak ditemukan. </p><p>Istilah "seni rupa", "seni musik", "seni teater", "seni sastera" dll. dalam bahasa Melayu Nusantara ditengarai memperlihatkan gejala <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adverbia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adverbia (laman tidak wujud)">adverbial</a>. Gejala ini menunjukkan kata-kata penting (rupa, musik, tari, sastera) hanya sekadar kata keterangan (adverb) untuk kata seni. Keutamaan pada istilah-istilah itu terletak pada kata "seni"-nya. Istilah "seni" sendiri dalam bahasa Melayu Nusantara tidak membawa sifat kebendaan, walaupun merupakan kata benda abstrak. Dengan demikian, semua ungkapan seni punya kedudukan sejajar. Seni menjadi istilah yang 'terbuka'. Ungkapan seni bahkan tidak dibatasi pada seni rupa, seni tari, seni musik, dan seni teater saja (dikenal menampilkan ungkapan pribadi). Deretan istilah ini bisa diperpanjang dengan seni <a href="/wiki/Keris" title="Keris">keris</a>, seni <a href="/wiki/Batik" title="Batik">batik</a>, seni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronggeng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ronggeng (laman tidak wujud)">ronggeng</a> (dan sebagainya) yang dikenal sebagai kesenian di dunia tradisi. Maka, kata seni tidak memiliki bentuk dan merupakan kondisi mental yang bisa berwujud banyak hal selama memiliki gejala seni. Gejala tersebut membuat pengertian seni dalam bahasa Melayu Nusantara lebih dekat kepada <a href="/wiki/Estetika" title="Estetika">estetika</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oleh sebab ini, terdapat banyak kesulitan dalam menyeimbangkan perkembangan wacana seni di alam-alam Melayu dan Barat, misalkan seni tari jika diterjemahkan secara formal menjadi <i>dance art</i> tidak akan masuk akal bagi pemakai bahasa Inggris, juga seperti seni ukir, seni musik, dsj. Bahasa Inggris dan beberapa bahasa lain juga membedakan antara istilah <i>art</i> dan (<i>the) arts</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neologisme">Neologisme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Neologisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Neologisme"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Istilah <i>seni</i> kemungkinan besar ditemukan—atau lebih tepatnya dimaknai ulang—oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=S._Sudjojono&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S. Sudjojono (laman tidak wujud)">S. Sudjojono</a> melalui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Persatuan_Ahli_Gambar_Indonesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Persatuan Ahli Gambar Indonesia (laman tidak wujud)">Persatuan Ahli Gambar Indonesia</a> (PERSAGI) yang kala itu sangat giat mencari padanan istilah asar ke dalam bahasa lazim dipakai pelajar di Hindia Belanda pada saat itu. Istilah baru yang juga diperkenalkan antara lain seni lukis, lukisan, pelukis, lukisan kanvas, pematung, seni rupa, cukilan, alam benda, potret diri, watak, sanggar, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sketsa_(gambar)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sketsa (gambar) (laman tidak wujud)">sketsa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etsa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etsa (laman tidak wujud)">etsa</a>, seniman, <a href="/wiki/Ketelanjangan" title="Ketelanjangan">telanjang</a> dan lain-lain. Sementara itu, istilah seniman (untuk menyebut pelaku seni) muncul pada akhir 1930-an di dalam tulisan-tulisan S Sudjojono mengenai seni lukis Indonesia. S Sudjojono mengakui bahwa istilah ”seniman” ini pertama kali diusulkan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ki_Sarmidi_Mangunsarkoro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ki Sarmidi Mangunsarkoro (laman tidak wujud)">Ki Mangunsarkoro</a>—mantan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Indonesia.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tulisan-tulisan S.Sudjojono juga membantu istilah-istilah tersebut semakin populer, khususnya buku <i>Seni lukis, kesenian, dan seniman</i> yang terbit pertama kali 1946. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pengertian">Pengertian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bahagian: Pengertian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pengertian"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beberapa pakar dan filsuf memiliki pengertian sendiri tentang seni, di antaranya dijelaskan pada alinea di bawah ini<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <dl><dt>Alexander Baum Garton</dt> <dd><i>Seni adalah keindahan dan seni adalah tujuan yang positif menjadikan penikmat merasa dalam kebahagiaan.</i></dd> <dt>Aristoteles</dt> <dd><i>Seni adalah bentuk yang pengungkapannya dan penampilannya tidak pernah menyimpang dari kenyataan dan seni itu adalah meniru alam.</i></dd> <dt>Immanuel Kant</dt> <dd><i>Seni adalah sebuah impian karena rumus rumus tidak dapat mengihtiarkan kenyataan.</i></dd> <dt>Ki Hajar Dewantara</dt> <dd><i>Seni merupakan hasil keindahan sehingga dapat menggerakkan perasaan indah orang yang melihatnya, oleh karena itu perbuatan manusia yang dapat mempengaruhi dapat menimbulkan perasaan indah itu seni.</i></dd> <dt>Leo Tolstoy</dt> <dd><i>Seni adalah ungkapan perasaan pencipta yanng disampaikan kepada orang lain agar mereka dapat merasakan apa yang dirasakan pelukis.</i></dd> <dt>Sudarmaji</dt> <dd><i>Seni adalah segala manifestasi batin dan pengalaman estetis dengan menggunakan media bidang, garis, warna, tekstur, volume dan gelap terang</i></dd> <dt>S. Sudjojono</dt> <dd><i>Seni adalah jiwa seniman yang terlihat. Karya seni merupakan gambaran jiwa seniman sekalipun materi yang direproduksi adalah tiruan dari kenyataan</i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bahagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Hands_in_Pettakere_Cave_detail.jpg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berkas:Hands in Pettakere Cave detail.jpg (laman tidak wujud)">jmpl|Cetakan tangan di Gua Pettakere di Situs Prasejarah Leang-Leang, Maros. Setidaknya diperkirakan berusia 39.900 tahun.</a> Bentuk kesenian tertua yang ditemukan adalah seni rupa, yang meliputi penciptaan gambar atau benda yang sekarang digolongkan menjadi lukisan, patung, cetakan, fotografi dan media rupa lainnya.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bentuk seni seperti patung, <a href="/wiki/Lukisan_gua" title="Lukisan gua">lukisan gua</a>, lukisan batu, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Petroglif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petroglif (laman tidak wujud)">petroglif</a> dari zaman Paleolitikum Akhir telah ada sejak dari 40.000 tahun yang lalu. Lukisan gua di <a href="/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a> disebut sebagai salah satu artefak seni tertua di dunia.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Akan tetapi, makna sesungguhnya dari seni tersebut masih dalam perdebatan karena kurangnya pengetahuan tentang kebudayaan yang menghasilkannya. Di gua Lubang Jeriji Saleh, Kalimantan Timur, para arkeolog menemukan gambar serupa binatang sapi yang ditegaskan sebagai karya seni figuratif tertua di dunia, diperkirakan berasal dari 40 ribu hingga 52 ribu tahun lalu (periode Paleolitik Atas dan akhir zaman es), lebih tua 5000 tahun dari penemuan sebelumnya di Sulawesi.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Benda seni yang disebut tertua lainnya berasal dari gua di <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Selatan" title="Afrika Selatan">Afrika Selatan</a>, berusia 75.000 tahun, berbentuk rangkaian cangkang keong kecil-kecil yang dilubangi.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wadah yang kemungkinan untuk tempat cat juga ditemukan dengan usia 100.000 tahun. Cangkang kerang dengan goresan oleh <i>Homo erectus</i> yang ditemukan tahun 2014 dipercaya berasal dari 430.000 dan 540.000 tahun yang lalu.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Banyak tradisi besar dalam seni memiliki akar dari salah satu peradaban besar kuno, yakni <a href="/wiki/Mesir_Kuno" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesir Kuno">Mesir Kuno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekaisaran_Persia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kekaisaran Persia (laman tidak wujud)">Persia</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_Tiongkok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah Tiongkok (laman tidak wujud)">Tiongkok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yunani_Kuno" class="mw-redirect" title="Yunani Kuno">Yunani Kuno</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Romawi_Kuno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romawi Kuno (laman tidak wujud)">Romawi</a>, juga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerajaan_Inka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerajaan Inka (laman tidak wujud)">Inka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peradaban_Maya" class="mw-redirect" title="Peradaban Maya">Maya</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Olmek" title="Olmek">Olmek</a>. Tiap-tiap pusat peradaban awal ini mengembangkan gaya khas dalam keseniannya. Dikarenakan ukuran dan usia peradaban-peradaban tersebut, terdapat lebih banyak karya seni yang terselamatkan dan lebih banyak pengaruh yang disebarluaskan kepada budaya-budaya yang datang kemudian. Sebagian dari peradaban tersebut bahkan memiliki catatan terawal bagaimana seniman bekerja. Sebagai contoh, seni zaman Yunani melihat pemujaan bentuk tubuh manusia dan pengembangan keterampilan yang berimbang untuk menunjukkan proporsi otot, ketenangan, kecantikan, dan anatomi yang tepat.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dalam seni peradaban <a href="/wiki/Byzantium" title="Byzantium">Bizantium</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Abad_Pertengahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Abad Pertengahan">Abad Pertengahan</a> Barat, banyak seni berfokus pada ekspresi subjek tentang budaya <a href="/wiki/Alkitab" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkitab">Alkitab</a> dan keagamaan, dan menggunakan gaya yang menunjukkan kemuliaan yang lebih tinggi bagi dunia surgawi, seperti penggunaan emas pada latar belakang lukisan, atau kaca dalam mosaik atau jendela, yang juga menyajikan figur-figur dalam bentuk yang ideal, berpola (datar). Namun demikian, tradisi realis klasik bertahan dalam karya-karya kecil Bizantium, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Realisme_(seni_rupa)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Realisme (seni rupa) (laman tidak wujud)">realisme</a> terus tumbuh dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni_Katolik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seni Katolik (laman tidak wujud)">seni Katolik</a> Eropa.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abad_Renaisans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abad Renaisans (laman tidak wujud)">Renaisans</a> kemudian berkembang dengan lebih menekankan pada penggambaran realistik dunia bendawi, dan tempat manusia di dalamnya. Hal itu tercermin dari penggambaran jasmani tubuh manusia, dan perkembangan metode sistematis penggambaran jauh-dekat dari sudut pandang grafis untuk mendapatkan kesan ruang tiga dimensi.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Flower_of_heaven.jpg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berkas:Flower of heaven.jpg (laman tidak wujud)">jmpl|248x248px|Langit-langit kubah Shah Cheragh, Iran, memperlihatkan paduan pola geometris dan kaligrafi dalam arsitektur Timur Tengah.</a> Di Timur, penolakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni_rupa_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seni rupa Islam (laman tidak wujud)">seni Islami</a> terhadap <a href="/wiki/Ikonografi" title="Ikonografi">ikonografi</a> mengakibatkan pengutamaan pada <a href="/wiki/Pola" title="Pola">pola</a> geometris, <a href="/wiki/Kaligrafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaligrafi">kaligrafi</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arsitektur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arsitektur (laman tidak wujud)">arsitektur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di Timur jauh, agama juga menguasai gaya dan bentuk kesenian. <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tibet (1912–1951) (laman tidak wujud)">Tibet</a> memperlihatkan penekanan pada patung lukis dan tarian, sedangkan lukisan agamawi meminjam banyak aturan dari kesenian patung dan cenderung memiliki warna-warna terang yang kontras dengan penekanan pada garis-garis batasnya. Sementara itu, Cina memperlihatkan banyak perkembangan bentuk seni: ukiran <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giok (laman tidak wujud)">giok</a>, kerajinan perunggu, tembikar (termasuk tentara terakota dari <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Qin" title="Dinasti Qin">Kekaisaran Qin</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), syair, kaligrafi, musik, lukis, drama, fiksi, dll. Gaya seni Cina sangat beragam dari zaman ke zaman dan masing-masingnya dinamai berdasarkan dinasti yang berkuasa. Jadi, sebagai contoh, lukisan-lukisan dinasti Tang memiliki warna monokromatik dan renggang-renggang, menekankan bentang yang ideal. Akan tetapi, lukisan-lukisan <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Ming" title="Dinasti Ming">dinasti Ming</a> berwarna-warni dan padat, dan berfokus untuk bercerita dengan pengaturan latar dan komposisi.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jepang juga menamai gaya-gaya dalam kesenian mereka dengan dinasti kekaisaran juga, dan menampakkan banyak pembauran antara gaya kaligrafi dan lukis. Cetak balok kayu menjadi penting di <a href="/wiki/Jepang" class="mw-redirect" title="Jepang">Jepang</a> setelah abad ke-17.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abad_Pencerahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abad Pencerahan (laman tidak wujud)">Abad Pencerahan</a> di Barat pada abad ke-18 melihat penggambaran artistik dari sudut kepastian fisik dan rasionalnya, serta visi politik revolusioner dari dunia pasca-monarki, seperti penggambaran Blake tentang Newton sebagai geometer ilahi<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, atau lukisan-lukisan propaganda David. Hal ini menyebabkan penolakan <a href="/wiki/Romantisisme" title="Romantisisme">Romantisisme</a> demi gambar-gambar dari sisi emosional dan individualitas manusianya, dicontohkan dalam novel-novel <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a>. Kemudian penghujung abad ke-19 memunculkan sejumlah gerakan artistik, seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni_akademik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seni akademik (laman tidak wujud)">seni akademik</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simbolisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simbolisme (laman tidak wujud)">simbolisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Impresionisme" title="Impresionisme">impresionisme</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauvisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauvisme (laman tidak wujud)">fauvisme</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sejarah seni abad kedua puluh adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Narasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Narasi (laman tidak wujud)">narasi</a> tentang kemungkinan yang tak terbatas dan pencarian standar-standar baru, masing-masing gerakan ditumbangkan secara berurutan oleh yang datang berikutnya. Dengan demikian, ukuran-ukuran <a href="/wiki/Impresionisme" title="Impresionisme">impresionisme</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekspresionisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekspresionisme (laman tidak wujud)">ekspresionisme</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauvisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauvisme (laman tidak wujud)">fauvisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kubisme" title="Kubisme">kubisme</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dadaisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dadaisme (laman tidak wujud)">dadaisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surealisme" title="Surealisme">surealisme</a>, dll. tidak dapat dipertahankan jauh melampaui waktu penemuan mereka. Meningkatnya keterhubungan global sepanjang masa ini memperlihatkan pengaruh yang setara dari budaya lain ke dalam kesenian Barat. Dengan demikian, cetakan balok kayu Jepang (dipengaruhi oleh kejurugambaran Renaisans Barat) memiliki pengaruh besar pada impresionisme dan perkembangan selanjutnya. Contoh lainnya, patung-patung <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a> diambil oleh <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Picasso</a> dan sampai batas tertentu oleh <a href="/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse">Matisse</a>. Demikian pula, pada abad ke-19 dan ke-20, gagasan-gagasan Barat memiliki dampak besar pada seni di Timur seperti <a href="/wiki/Komunisme" title="Komunisme">komunisme</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Pascamodernisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Pascamodernisme">pascamodernisme</a> yang memberikan pengaruh kuat.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kegunaan">Kegunaan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bahagian: Kegunaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kegunaan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Seni memiliki sejumlah besar fungsi yang berbeda sepanjang sejarahnya, sehingga tujuannya sulit untuk diabstraksikan atau dikuantifikasi dengan <a href="/wiki/Konsep" title="Konsep">konsep</a> tunggal apa pun. Namun hal ini tidak menyiratkan bahwa tujuan seni adalah sesuatu yang "kabur", melainkan bahwa seni tercipta dengan memiliki banyak alasan unik dan berbeda. Beberapa kegunaan seni disediakan dalam garis besar berikut. Berbagai tujuan seni dapat dikelompokkan sesuai dengan yang tidak termotivasi, dan yang termotivasi (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_L%C3%A9vi-Strauss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude Lévi-Strauss (laman tidak wujud)">Lévi-Strauss</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kegunaan_tanpa_dorongan">Kegunaan tanpa dorongan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bahagian: Kegunaan tanpa dorongan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kegunaan tanpa dorongan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kegunaan seni yang tidak termotivasi adalah tujuan yang tak terpisahkan dalam proses menjadi manusia, melampaui diri pribadi, atau tidak memenuhi tujuan luar tertentu. Dalam pengertian ini, seni, sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daya_cipta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daya cipta (laman tidak wujud)">daya cipta</a>, adalah sesuatu yang harus dilakukan manusia sesuai dengan kodratnya (yaitu, tidak ada spesies lain yang menciptakan seni), dan karenanya melampaui kegunaan praktis. </p> <ol><li><b>Naluri dasar manusia untuk keselarasan, keseimbangan, dan ritme.</b> Seni pada tingkat ini bukanlah tindakan atau pun objek, melainkan penghargaan internal atas keseimbangan dan keselarasan (keindahan), dan karena itu merupakan aspek manusia di luar utilitas.</li> <li><b>Pengalaman yang misterius.</b> Seni menyediakan cara untuk mengalami diri sendiri dalam hubungannya dengan alam semesta. Pengalaman ini mungkin sering datang tanpa motivasi, karena orang menghargai seni, musik, atau puisi.</li> <li><b>Ungakapan imajinasi.</b> Seni menyediakan sarana untuk mengungkapkan imajinasi dengan cara non-tata bahasa yang tidak terikat pada formalitas bahasa lisan atau tulisan. Tidak seperti kata-kata, yang datang dalam urutan dan masing-masing memiliki makna yang pasti, seni menyediakan berbagai bentuk, simbol, dan gagasan dengan makna yang luwes.</li> <li><b>Fungsi ritual dan simbolis.</b> Dalam banyak budaya, seni digunakan dalam ritual, pertunjukan dan tarian sebagai hiasan atau simbol. Sementara hal tersebut sering tidak memiliki tujuan kegunaan spesifik (termotivasi), antropolog mengetahui bahwa seni dalam ritual sering digunakan pada tingkat makna dalam budaya tertentu. Makna ini tidak dilengkapi oleh satu individu, tetapi seringkali merupakan hasil dari banyak perubahan generasi, dan hubungan kosmologis dalam budaya.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kegunaan_berdorongan">Kegunaan berdorongan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bahagian: Kegunaan berdorongan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kegunaan berdorongan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kegunaan seni yang termotivasi mengacu pada tindakan yang disengaja dan sadar dari seniman atau penciptanya. Hal ini mungkin membawa perubahan politik, untuk mengomentari suatu aspek dalam masyarakat, untuk menyampaikan <a href="/wiki/Emosi" title="Emosi">emosi</a> atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suasana_hati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suasana hati (laman tidak wujud)">suasana hati</a> tertentu, untuk menunjukkan <a href="/wiki/Psikologi" title="Psikologi">psikologi</a> pribadi, untuk menggambarkan disiplin lain, untuk (dengan seni komersial) menjual produk, atau hanya sekadar bentuk komunikasi. </p> <ol><li><b>Komunikasi.</b> Seni, paling sederhana, adalah bentuk komunikasi. Karena sebagian besar bentuk komunikasi memiliki maksud atau tujuan yang diarahkan kepada individu lain, ini adalah tujuan yang termotivasi. Kesenian ilustrasi, seperti ilustrasi ilmiah, adalah bentuk seni sebagai komunikasi. Peta adalah contoh lain. Namun, isinya tidak perlu ilmiah. Emosi, suasana hati dan perasaan juga dikomunikasikan melalui seni.</li> <li><b>Seni sebagai hiburan.</b> Seni dapat menghadirkan emosi atau suasana hati tertentu, untuk tujuan bersantai atau menghibur pemirsa. Ini sering merupakan fungsi dari industri seni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gambar_bergerak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gambar bergerak (laman tidak wujud)">gambar bergerak</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Permainan_video" title="Permainan video">permainan video</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Seni untuk perubahan politik.</b> Salah satu fungsi seni awal abad ke-20 adalah menggunakan gambar-gambar visual untuk menghasilkan perubahan politik. Gerakan-gerakan seni yang memiliki tujuan ini—misalnya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dadaisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dadaisme (laman tidak wujud)">Dadaisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surealisme" title="Surealisme">Surealisme</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konstruktivisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konstruktivisme (laman tidak wujud)">konstruktivisme</a> Rusia, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekspresionisme_abstrak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekspresionisme abstrak (laman tidak wujud)">Ekspresionisme Abstrak</a>— secara kolektif disebut sebagai seni <i>avante-garde</i>.</li> <li><b>Seni sebagai "zona bebas",</b> jauh dari aksi celaan sosial. Berbeda dengan gerakan <i><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a></i>, yang ingin menghapus perbedaan budaya untuk menghasilkan nilai-nilai universal yang baru, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni_kontemporer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seni kontemporer (laman tidak wujud)">seni kontemporer</a> telah meningkatkan toleransi terhadap perbedaan budaya serta fungsi-fungsi kritis dan membebaskannya (penyelidikan sosial, <a href="/wiki/Aktivisme" title="Aktivisme">aktivisme</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Subversif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subversif (laman tidak wujud)">subversi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dekonstruksi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dekonstruksi (laman tidak wujud)">dekonstruksi</a> ... ), menjadi tempat yang lebih terbuka untuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penelitian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penelitian (laman tidak wujud)">penelitian</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Percobaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Percobaan (laman tidak wujud)">percobaan</a>.</li> <li><b>Seni untuk penyelidikan sosial, subversi dan/atau anarki.</b> Sementara mirip dengan seni untuk perubahan politik, seni subversif atau dekonstruktivistik dapat berupaya mempertanyakan aspek-aspek masyarakat tanpa tujuan politik tertentu. Dalam hal ini, fungsi seni mungkin hanya untuk mengkritik beberapa aspek masyarakat.<a href="/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Graffiti_Panorama_rome.jpg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berkas:Graffiti Panorama rome.jpg (laman tidak wujud)">jmpl|649x649px|Grafiti cat semprot di dinding di Roma</a>Seni <a href="/wiki/Grafiti" title="Grafiti">grafiti</a> dan jenis seni jalanan lainnya adalah gambar dan gambar yang dilukis dengan semprotan atau <a href="/wiki/Stensil" class="mw-redirect" title="Stensil">stensil</a> pada dinding, bangunan, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bus (laman tidak wujud)">bus</a>, kereta api, dan jembatan yang dapat dilihat secara publik, biasanya tanpa izin. Bentuk seni tertentu, seperti grafiti, mungkin juga ilegal ketika mereka melanggar hukum (dalam hal ini <a href="/wiki/Vandalisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandalisme">vandalisme</a>).</li> <li><b>Seni untuk tujuan sosial.</b> Seni dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran untuk berbagai macam tujuan. Sejumlah kegiatan seni ditujukan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran <a href="/wiki/Autisme" title="Autisme">autisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanker" title="Kanker">kanker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perdagangan_manusia" class="mw-redirect" title="Perdagangan manusia">perdagangan manusia</a>, dan berbagai topik lainnya, seperti sebagai konservasi lautan, <a href="/wiki/Hak_asasi_manusia" title="Hak asasi manusia">hak asasi manusia</a> di <a href="/wiki/Darfur" title="Darfur">Darfur</a>, membunuh dan kehilangan perempuan <a href="/wiki/Aborigin" class="mw-redirect" title="Aborigin">Aborigin</a>, pelecehan yang lebih tua, dan <a href="/wiki/Pencemaran" title="Pencemaran">pencemaran</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trashion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trashion (laman tidak wujud)">Trashion</a>, menggunakan tempat sampah untuk membuat <a href="/wiki/Mode" class="mw-redirect" title="Mode">mode</a>, dipraktikkan oleh seniman seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marina_DeBris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marina DeBris (laman tidak wujud)">Marina DeBris</a> adalah salah satu contoh menggunakan seni untuk meningkatkan kesadaran tentang polusi.</li> <li><b>Seni untuk tujuan psikologis dan penyembuhan.</b> Seni juga digunakan oleh terapis seni, <a href="/wiki/Psikoterapi" title="Psikoterapi">psikoterapis</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Psikologi_klinis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Psikologi klinis (laman tidak wujud)">psikolog klinis</a> sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Terapi_seni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terapi seni (laman tidak wujud)">terapi seni</a>. Seri Gambar Diagnostik, misalnya, digunakan untuk menentukan fungsi kepribadian dan emosi pasien. Produk akhir bukanlah tujuan utama dalam kasus ini, melainkan proses penyembuhan, melalui tindakan kreatif. Karya seni yang dihasilkan juga dapat menawarkan wawasan tentang masalah yang dialami oleh subjek dan dapat menyarankan pendekatan yang sesuai untuk digunakan dalam bentuk terapi kejiwaan yang lebih konvensional.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Seni untuk propaganda, atau komersialisme.</b> Seni sering digunakan sebagai bentuk <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">propaganda</a>, dan dengan demikian dapat digunakan untuk secara halus mempengaruhi konsepsi atau suasana hati yang populer. Dengan cara yang sama, seni yang mencoba menjual produk juga memengaruhi suasana hati dan emosi. Dalam kedua kasus tersebut, tujuan seni di sini adalah untuk secara halus memanipulasi pemirsa menjadi respons emosional atau psikologis tertentu terhadap gagasan atau objek tertentu.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Seni sebagai indikator kebugaran.</b> Telah dikemukakan bahwa kemampuan otak manusia jauh melebihi apa yang dibutuhkan untuk bertahan hidup di lingkungan leluhur. Salah satu penjelasan psikologi evolusioner untuk ini adalah bahwa otak manusia dan sifat-sifat terkait (seperti kemampuan artistik dan kreativitas) adalah padanan manusia untuk ekor burung merak. Tujuan dari ekor merak jantan yang luar biasa adalah untuk menarik perhatian betina. Menurut teori ini, penggarapan seni yang unggul itu secara evolusioner penting karena untuk menarik perhatian pasangan.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>Fungsi seni yang dijelaskan di atas tidak saling berdiri sendiri-sendiri, karena banyak dari mereka mungkin tumpang tindih. Misalnya, seni untuk tujuan hiburan juga dapat berupaya untuk menjual suatu produk, yaitu <a href="/wiki/Film" class="mw-redirect" title="Film">film</a> atau permainan video. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cabang-cabang_seni">Cabang-cabang seni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bahagian: Cabang-cabang seni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Cabang-cabang seni"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Umumnya seni dibahagi menjadi dua cabang besar, yakni <a href="/wiki/Seni_halus" title="Seni halus">seni halus</a> (<i>fine art</i>) dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni_rupa_terapan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seni rupa terapan (laman tidak wujud)">seni terapan</a> (<i>applied art</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seni_halus">Seni halus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bahagian: Seni halus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Seni halus"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Seni jenis ini tidak memperhatikan unsur praktis. Karya seni rupa murni adalah ungkapan daya cipta pembuatnya. Cabang-cabang seni rupa murni di antaranya adalah<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seni_lukis" title="Seni lukis">Seni lukis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seni_grafik" title="Seni grafik">Seni grafik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni_pahat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seni pahat (laman tidak wujud)">Seni pahat atau patung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni_keramik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seni keramik (laman tidak wujud)">Seni pasu</a></li> <li>Seni muzik</li></ul> <p>Seni terapan </p><p>Seni jenis ini pula lebih memperhatikan nilai kepraktisan atau kegunaan dari karya seni. Seni rupa terapan seringkali disebut juga dengan desain. Cabang-cabang seni rupa terapan antara lain adalah sebagai berikut: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reka_bentuk_produk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reka bentuk produk (laman tidak wujud)">Reka bentuk produk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Desain_grafis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desain grafis (laman tidak wujud)">Desain Grafis</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Desain_komunikasi_visual&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desain komunikasi visual (laman tidak wujud)">Desain Komunikasi Visual</a></li> <li>Desain Bangunan/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arsitektur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arsitektur (laman tidak wujud)">Arsitektur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Desain_Interior&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desain Interior (laman tidak wujud)">Desain Interior</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bidang_kesenian">Bidang kesenian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bahagian: Bidang kesenian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Bidang kesenian"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Terdapat banyak cabang bidang kesenian. Masa kini, seni merujuk kepada seni yang dapat dilihat, terutamanya <a href="/wiki/Lukisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lukisan">lukisan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukiran" title="Ukiran">ukiran</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Fotografi" title="Fotografi">fotografi</a>. </p><p>Beberapa bidang seni juga dikenali sebagai <a href="/wiki/Seni_halus" title="Seni halus">seni halus</a> (<i>fine arts</i>), termasuk <a href="/wiki/Muzik" title="Muzik">muzik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penulisan" title="Penulisan">penulisan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puisi" title="Puisi">puisi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tarian" title="Tarian">tarian</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Teater" title="Teater">teater</a>. Cabang dari kesenian theater adalah <a href="/wiki/Filem" title="Filem">perfileman</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Animasi" title="Animasi">animasi</a>, dan terkini, <a href="/wiki/Multimedia" title="Multimedia">multimedia</a>. Mereka yang bergiat dalam bidang theater dan perfileman biasanya dikenali secara amnya sebagai <a href="/wiki/Seniman" class="mw-redirect" title="Seniman">seniman</a>. </p><p>Apabila sesuatu itu dilakukan dengan begitu sempurna, ia juga boleh dianggap seni: kejayaan <a href="/wiki/Kejuruteraan" title="Kejuruteraan">kejuruteraan</a> seperti <a href="/wiki/Jambatan_Golden_Gate" title="Jambatan Golden Gate">Jambatan Golden Gate</a> (<i>Golden Gate Bridge</i>) boleh dianggap sebagai hasil seni. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni_reka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seni reka (laman tidak wujud)">Seni reka</a> juga dianggap sebagai satu gaya kesenian: lihat <a href="/wiki/Menara_Eiffel" title="Menara Eiffel">Menara Eiffel</a> atau katedral <a href="/w/index.php?title=Notre_Dame&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Notre Dame (laman tidak wujud)">Notre Dame</a>. Seni reka adalah gabungan antara seni dan sains. <a href="/wiki/Aturcara" class="mw-redirect" title="Aturcara">Aturcara</a> komputer juga boleh dianggap seni; </p><p>Seni tidak hanya untuk tujuan aesthetik; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni_dan_pertukangan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seni dan pertukangan (laman tidak wujud)">seni dan pertukangan</a> berkaitan dengan menghasilkan benda berguna kepada seni. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni_perdagangan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seni perdagangan (laman tidak wujud)">seni perdagangan</a> ("komunikiasi visual") menggunakan kaedah artistik untuk menyampaikan maklumat seperti melalui pengiklanan. Kadang-kala orang melihat seni dari benda rawak yang tidak bertujuan sebagai hasil seni; seni sedemikian dikenali sebagai <i>seni jumpa</i>. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contoh_bidang_kesenian">Contoh bidang kesenian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bahagian: Contoh bidang kesenian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Contoh bidang kesenian"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Nyanyian" title="Nyanyian">Nyanyian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakonan" title="Lakonan">Lakonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzik" title="Muzik">Muzik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lukisan">Lukisan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukiran" title="Ukiran">Ukiran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penulisan" title="Penulisan">Penulisan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puisi" title="Puisi">Puisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origami" title="Origami">Origami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonsai" title="Bonsai">Bonsai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suiseki" title="Suiseki">Suiseki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seni_bela_diri" title="Seni bela diri">Seni bela diri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masakan" title="Masakan">Masakan</a> (Kulinari)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indonesianartculture.org/archive/Ada-apa-dengan-istilah-seniman-.html">"Indonesian Art & Culture Community | Ada apa dengan istilah seniman?"</a>. <i>indonesianartculture.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2018-10-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=indonesianartculture.org&rft.atitle=Indonesian+Art+%26+Culture+Community+%7C+Ada+apa+dengan+istilah+seniman%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findonesianartculture.org%2Farchive%2FAda-apa-dengan-istilah-seniman-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASeni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFYusa2016" class="citation book cs1">Yusa, I. Made Marthana (2016-03-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.id/books?id=R50wDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA12&lpg=PA12&dq=seni+dari+kata+sani&source=bl&ots=PYvQbE-Nnm&sig=wbtmpDdou6CujhTqPNMLsgnM6Bg&hl=id&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwivsqTDt6beAhVLq48KHX5jCYw4ChDoATACegQICBAB#v=onepage&q=seni%20dari%20kata%20sani&f=false"><i>SINERGI SAINS, TEKNOLOGI DAN SENI: DALAM PROSES BERKARYA KREATIF DI DUNIA TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI</i></a> (dalam bahasa Indonesia). Stimik Stikom Indonesia. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/9786027066502" title="Khas:Sumber buku/9786027066502"><bdi>9786027066502</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=SINERGI+SAINS%2C+TEKNOLOGI+DAN+SENI%3A+DALAM+PROSES+BERKARYA+KREATIF+DI+DUNIA+TEKNOLOGI+INFORMASI&rft.pub=Stimik+Stikom+Indonesia&rft.date=2016-03-31&rft.isbn=9786027066502&rft.aulast=Yusa&rft.aufirst=I.+Made+Marthana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.id%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR50wDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA12%26lpg%3DPA12%26dq%3Dseni%2Bdari%2Bkata%2Bsani%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DPYvQbE-Nnm%26sig%3DwbtmpDdou6CujhTqPNMLsgnM6Bg%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwivsqTDt6beAhVLq48KHX5jCYw4ChDoATACegQICBAB%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dseni%2520dari%2520kata%2520sani%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASeni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/seni">"Hasil Pencarian - KBBI Daring"</a>. <i>kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2018-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id&rft.atitle=Hasil+Pencarian+-+KBBI+Daring&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkbbi.kemdikbud.go.id%2Fentri%2Fseni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASeni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sudjoko dalam Sachari, Agus (1986) <i>Seni, Desain dan Teknologi.</i> Bandung: Penerbit Pustaka. Hal.75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWorld" class="citation web cs1">World, Denny JA's. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dennyjaworld.com/polemik-melegenda/inset/396">"Denny JA's World : Wawancara saya dengan saya - Jim Supangkat"</a>. <i>Denny JA's World</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2018-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Denny+JA%27s+World&rft.atitle=Denny+JA%27s+World+%3A+Wawancara+saya+dengan+saya+-+Jim+Supangkat&rft.aulast=World&rft.aufirst=Denny+JA%27s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdennyjaworld.com%2Fpolemik-melegenda%2Finset%2F396&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASeni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFSupangkat2006" class="citation book cs1">Supangkat, Jim (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.id/books?id=4GBZSC-tLGIC&pg=PT49&dq=istilah+seni&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjS7b_zxKneAhWDYysKHcICBnwQ6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q=istilah%20seni&f=false"><i>Ikatan silang budaya: seni serat Biranul Anas</i></a> (dalam bahasa Indonesia). Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/9789799100597" title="Khas:Sumber buku/9789799100597"><bdi>9789799100597</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ikatan+silang+budaya%3A+seni+serat+Biranul+Anas&rft.pub=Kepustakaan+Populer+Gramedia&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9789799100597&rft.aulast=Supangkat&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.id%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4GBZSC-tLGIC%26pg%3DPT49%26dq%3Distilah%2Bseni%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwjS7b_zxKneAhWDYysKHcICBnwQ6AEILTAB%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Distilah%2520seni%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASeni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Susanto, Sophia (April 2012) <i>The Problematic Rupture of ‘Gerakan Seni Rupa Baru’: The Indonesian New Art Movement of the 1970s.</i> Hal. 22-23. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://archive.ivaa-online.org/files/uploads/texts/20120400%20The%20Problematic%20Rupture%20of%20GSRB.pdf">http://archive.ivaa-online.org/files/uploads/texts/20120400%20The%20Problematic%20Rupture%20of%20GSRB.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mbewthea.angelfire.com/ideology.html">"ideology"</a>. <i>mbewthea.angelfire.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(2017-06-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.id/books?id=didIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA66&lpg=PA66&dq=ki+mangun+sarkoro+istilah+seni&source=bl&ots=lp-soTPiyb&sig=g8tgeC3QLFMnFcsHgNDQbD2HDaQ&hl=id&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwib8vC4xKneAhXJQo8KHQqjBggQ6AEwBXoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=istilah%20seni&f=false"><i>Cerita Tentang Saya dan Orang-orang Sekitar Saya</i></a> (dalam bahasa Indonesia). Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/9786024243074" title="Khas:Sumber buku/9786024243074"><bdi>9786024243074</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cerita+Tentang+Saya+dan+Orang-orang+Sekitar+Saya&rft.pub=Kepustakaan+Populer+Gramedia&rft.date=2017-06-12&rft.isbn=9786024243074&rft.aulast=Sudjojono&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.id%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdidIDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA66%26lpg%3DPA66%26dq%3Dki%2Bmangun%2Bsarkoro%2Bistilah%2Bseni%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3Dlp-soTPiyb%26sig%3Dg8tgeC3QLFMnFcsHgNDQbD2HDaQ%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwib8vC4xKneAhXJQo8KHQqjBggQ6AEwBXoECAgQAQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Distilah%2520seni%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASeni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBadriya2017" class="citation web cs1">Badriya, Yaya (2017-01-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ilmuseni.com/dasar-seni/pengertian-seni-menurut-para-ahli">"30 Pengertian Seni Menurut Para Ahli Terlengkap"</a>. <i>IlmuSeni.com</i> (dalam bahasa Indonesia)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Diakses 23 June 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFCyranoski2014" class="citation journal cs1">Cyranoski, David (2014-10-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/news/world-s-oldest-art-found-in-indonesian-cave-1.16100">"World's oldest art found in Indonesian cave"</a>. <i>Nature</i> (dalam bahasa Inggeris). <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature.2014.16100">10.1038/nature.2014.16100</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1476-4687">1476-4687</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=World%27s+oldest+art+found+in+Indonesian+cave&rft.date=2014-10-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature.2014.16100&rft.issn=1476-4687&rft.aulast=Cyranoski&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-s-oldest-art-found-in-indonesian-cave-1.16100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASeni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nationalgeographic.grid.id/read/13993888/gambar-hewan-tertua-dari-40-ribu-tahun-lalu-ditemukan-di-kalimantan?fbclid=IwAR2Gt_vMbNWxbig5Gg34UKTMC3eGEQZYel6XecSMaRJO_DszQSSAtf7HKV4">"Gambar Hewan Tertua Dari 40 Ribu Tahun Lalu Ditemukan di Kalimantan - Nationalgeographic.grid.id"</a>. 2018-11-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2018-11-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=World%27s+oldest+jewellery+found+in+cave&rft.date=2004-04-16&rft.aulast=Radford&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2004%2Fapr%2F16%2Fartsandhumanities.arts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASeni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBrahic" class="citation news cs1">Brahic, Catherine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22429983-200-shell-art-made-300000-years-before-humans-evolved/">"Shell 'art' made 300,000 years before humans evolved"</a>. <i>New Scientist</i> (dalam bahasa Inggeris)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2018-11-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&rft.atitle=Shell+%E2%80%98art%E2%80%99+made+300%2C000+years+before+humans+evolved&rft.aulast=Brahic&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Farticle%2Fmg22429983-200-shell-art-made-300000-years-before-humans-evolved%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASeni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gombrich, p.83, pp.75-115 pp.132-141, pp.147-155, p.163, p.627.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gombrich, pp.86-89, pp.135-141, p.143, p.179, p.185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tom Nichols (1 Desember 2012). <i>Renaissance Art: A Beginner's Guide. Oneworld Publications</i>. <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/9781780741789" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-78074-178-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gombrich, hal. 127-128</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gombrich, hal. 634-635</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Watson (1995). The Arts of China 900-1620. 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New York Times Company. 1979. hal. 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFSchiuma2011" class="citation book cs1">Schiuma, Giovanni (2011-05-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.id/books?id=9wyboE8aWDcC&redir_esc=y"><i>The Value of Arts for Business</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/9781139496650" title="Khas:Sumber buku/9781139496650"><bdi>9781139496650</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Value+of+Arts+for+Business&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011-05-19&rft.isbn=9781139496650&rft.aulast=Schiuma&rft.aufirst=Giovanni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.id%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9wyboE8aWDcC%26redir_esc%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASeni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFResources2014" class="citation book cs1">Resources, Management Association, Information (2014-06-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.id/books?id=1BaXBQAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y"><i>Digital Arts and Entertainment: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggeris). IGI Global. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/9781466661158" title="Khas:Sumber buku/9781466661158"><bdi>9781466661158</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Digital+Arts+and+Entertainment%3A+Concepts%2C+Methodologies%2C+Tools%2C+and+Applications%3A+Concepts%2C+Methodologies%2C+Tools%2C+and+Applications&rft.pub=IGI+Global&rft.date=2014-06-30&rft.isbn=9781466661158&rft.aulast=Resources&rft.aufirst=Management+Association%2C+Information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.id%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1BaXBQAAQBAJ%26redir_esc%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASeni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHogan2001" class="citation book cs1">Hogan, Susan (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.id/books?id=vzUuna6LPBIC&redir_esc=y"><i>Healing Arts: The History of Art Therapy</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Jessica Kingsley Publishers. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/9781853027994" title="Khas:Sumber buku/9781853027994"><bdi>9781853027994</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Healing+Arts%3A+The+History+of+Art+Therapy&rft.pub=Jessica+Kingsley+Publishers&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9781853027994&rft.aulast=Hogan&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.id%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvzUuna6LPBIC%26redir_esc%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASeni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFBarthes1993" class="citation book cs1">Barthes, Roland (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.id/books?id=wsGDVdYoRA4C&dq=mythologies+barthes&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj2q-fszqTgAhVFsY8KHT7gDfcQ6AEIKDAA"><i>Mythologies</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Vintage. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/9780099972204" title="Khas:Sumber buku/9780099972204"><bdi>9780099972204</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mythologies&rft.pub=Vintage&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9780099972204&rft.aulast=Barthes&rft.aufirst=Roland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.id%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwsGDVdYoRA4C%26dq%3Dmythologies%2Bbarthes%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwj2q-fszqTgAhVFsY8KHT7gDfcQ6AEIKDAA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASeni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dutton, Denis. 2003. "Aesthetics and Evolutionary Psychology" dalam <i>The Oxford Handbook for Aesthetics.</i> Oxford University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.id/books?id=oyBkVHuQWyIC&pg=PA15&dq=Cabang+seni&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi2rdiqqKveAhXBKY8KHYcJCKAQ6AEIKzAB#v=onepage&q=Cabang%20seni&f=false"><i>Seni dan Budaya</i></a> (dalam bahasa Indonesia). PT Grafindo Media Pratama. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/9789797583699" title="Khas:Sumber buku/9789797583699"><bdi>9789797583699</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seni+dan+Budaya&rft.pub=PT+Grafindo+Media+Pratama&rft.isbn=9789797583699&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.id%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoyBkVHuQWyIC%26pg%3DPA15%26dq%3DCabang%2Bseni%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwi2rdiqqKveAhXBKY8KHYcJCKAQ6AEIKzAB%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DCabang%2520seni%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ASeni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seni&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" 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