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class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div 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id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-磷的含氧酸" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#磷的含氧酸"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>磷的含氧酸</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-磷的含氧酸-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-分类" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#分类"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>分类</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-分类-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-例子" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#例子"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>例子</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-例子-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关例子子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-例子-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-膦" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#膦"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>膦</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-膦-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-合成" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#合成"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>合成</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-合成-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-反应" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#反应"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>反应</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-反应-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-氧化膦" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#氧化膦"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>氧化膦</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-氧化膦-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-单烷基膦酸酯" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#单烷基膦酸酯"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>单烷基膦酸酯</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-单烷基膦酸酯-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-亚磷酸酯／磷酸酯" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#亚磷酸酯／磷酸酯"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>亚磷酸酯／磷酸酯</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-亚磷酸酯／磷酸酯-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-膦烷" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#膦烷"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>膦烷</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-膦烷-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-多重键" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#多重键"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>多重键</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-多重键-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">有机磷化合物</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。31种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A8_%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D8%B6%D9%88%D9%8A" title="مركب فسفور عضوي – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مركب فسفور عضوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compuestu_organofosfor%C3%A1u" title="Compuestu organofosforáu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Compuestu organofosforáu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosforlu_%C3%BCzvi_birl%C9%99%C5%9Fm%C9%99l%C9%99r" title="Fosforlu üzvi birləşmələr – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fosforlu üzvi birləşmələr" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organofosforni_spoj" title="Organofosforni spoj – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Organofosforni spoj" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compost_organofosforat" title="Compost organofosforat – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Compost organofosforat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organick%C3%A9_slou%C4%8Deniny_fosforu" title="Organické sloučeniny fosforu – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Organické sloučeniny fosforu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82_%CE%BC%CE%B5_%CF%86%CF%89%CF%83%CF%86%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BF" title="Οργανικές ενώσεις με φωσφόρο – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οργανικές ενώσεις με φωσφόρο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organophosphorus_chemistry" title="Organophosphorus chemistry – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Organophosphorus chemistry" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organofosforado" title="Organofosforado – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Organofosforado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organofosforo_konposatu" title="Organofosforo konposatu – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Organofosforo konposatu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A2%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%B1" title="ترکیبات آلی فسفر – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ترکیبات آلی فسفر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compos%C3%A9_organophosphor%C3%A9" title="Composé organophosphoré – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Composé organophosphoré" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composto_organofosforado" title="Composto organofosforado – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Composto organofosforado" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organofosforni_spoj" title="Organofosforni spoj – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Organofosforni spoj" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composto_organofosforico" title="Composto organofosforico – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Composto organofosforico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="有機リン化合物 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="有機リン化合物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EA%B8%B0_%EC%9D%B8_%ED%99%94%ED%95%A9%EB%AC%BC" title="유기 인 화합물 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유기 인 화합물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organofosforchemie" title="Organofosforchemie – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Organofosforchemie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organofosforat" title="Organofosforat – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Organofosforat" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwi%C4%85zki_fosforoorganiczne" title="Związki fosforoorganiczne – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Związki fosforoorganiczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composto_organofosforado" title="Composto organofosforado – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Composto organofosforado" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compus_organofosforat" title="Compus organofosforat – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Compus organofosforat" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Фосфорорганические соединения – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фосфорорганические соединения" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organofosfor" title="Organofosfor – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Organofosfor" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organofosfor" title="Organofosfor – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Organofosfor" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="கரிமபாசுபரசு சேர்மங்கள் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கரிமபாசுபரசு சேர்மங்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organofosforlar" title="Organofosforlar – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Organofosforlar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Фосфорорганічні сполуки – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фосфорорганічні сполуки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosfororganik_birikmalar" title="Fosfororganik birikmalar – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fosfororganik birikmalar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E7%A3%B7" title="有機磷 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="有機磷" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="有機磷化合物 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="有機磷化合物" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2182492#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9&oldid=74450283" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9&id=74450283&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%259C%2589%25E6%259C%25BA%25E7%25A3%25B7%25E5%258C%2596%25E5%2590%2588%25E7%2589%25A9"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%259C%2589%25E6%259C%25BA%25E7%25A3%25B7%25E5%258C%2596%25E5%2590%2588%25E7%2589%25A9"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Organophosphorus_compounds" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2182492" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">（重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E7%A3%B7&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="有機磷">有機磷</a>）</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OrganophosphorusLogo.png" class="mw-file-description" title="有机磷化学"><img alt="有机磷化学" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/OrganophosphorusLogo.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="55" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="52" /></a><figcaption>有机磷化学</figcaption></figure> <p><b>有机磷化合物</b>指含有<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">碳</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7" title="磷">磷</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E9%94%AE" title="化学键">键</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="有机化合物">有机化合物</a>，它們主要用於蟲害控制以作為長期存在於環境中的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="有机氯化合物">氯化烴</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%B4%E6%BB%B4%E6%B6%95" title="滴滴涕">滴滴涕</a>等替代物。研究有机磷化合物性质和反应的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="有机化学">有机化学</a>分支稱作有机磷化学。磷元素与<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">氮</a>同族，具有类似的<a href="/wiki/%E5%83%B9%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90" title="價電子">价电子层</a>结构，因此有机磷化合物的性质与有机含氮化合物有些相似。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 但除了3<i>s</i>和3<i>p</i>轨道外，磷还可以用3<i>d</i>轨道成键，因此也存在很多特殊高价的有机磷化合物，它们都不存在对应的氮化合物。磷的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%B4%9F%E6%80%A7" title="电负性">电负性</a>也小于氮，碱性较弱，因此形成化合物的性质也存在很多差别。 </p><p>磷是生命必需元素之一，与生命体密切相关，例如普遍存在于生物体中的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="核酸">核酸</a>便含有大量的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E9%85%AF" title="磷酸酯">磷酸酯</a>基團。由於<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E9%85%AF" title="磷酸酯">磷酸酯</a>基團同磷-氧键键能较高，因此<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%8B%B7%E9%85%B8" title="核苷酸">核苷酸</a>类的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E8%85%BA%E8%8B%B7" title="三磷酸腺苷">三磷酸腺苷</a>（ATP）被称为“能量分子”，用于储存和传递化学能。<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E6%A0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="磷酸根">磷酸根</a>离子也存在于血液中。 </p><p>很多农药和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="化学武器">化学武器</a>也含有有机磷化合物成分。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="磷的含氧酸"><span id=".E7.A3.B7.E7.9A.84.E5.90.AB.E6.B0.A7.E9.85.B8"></span>磷的含氧酸</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：磷的含氧酸"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7#含氧酸" title="磷">磷的含氧酸</a>种类众多，其中比较主要的几个具有下图所示的关系： </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PhosphorusOxyacids_zh.png" class="mw-file-description" title="磷的含氧酸"><img alt="磷的含氧酸" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/PhosphorusOxyacids_zh.png/600px-PhosphorusOxyacids_zh.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="424" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/PhosphorusOxyacids_zh.png/900px-PhosphorusOxyacids_zh.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/PhosphorusOxyacids_zh.png/1200px-PhosphorusOxyacids_zh.png 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>磷的含氧酸</figcaption></figure> <p>有机磷化合物大多是磷的含氧酸的有机衍生物。上图中的氢被<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%83%E5%9F%BA" title="烃基">烃基</a>取代后，便会得到烃基衍生物；上图中的羟基被烃氧基取代后，便会得到<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%AF" title="酯">酯</a>衍生物。这两者是构成有机磷化合物的基础。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="分类"><span id=".E5.88.86.E7.B1.BB"></span>分类</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：分类"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table align="right" border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="height:400px"> <tbody><tr> <th>标记</th> <th>结构 </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>σ</i><sup>1</sup>, <i>λ</i><sup>1</sup></td> <td>R-P </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>σ</i><sup>1</sup>, <i>λ</i><sup>3</sup></td> <td>R-C≡P </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>σ</i><sup>2</sup>, <i>λ</i><sup>2</sup></td> <td>R<sub>2</sub>P<sup>+</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>σ</i><sup>2</sup>, <i>λ</i><sup>3</sup></td> <td>R<sub>2</sub>C=PR<br />RO-P=O<br />R-P=S<br />R-N=P<br />RP=PR </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>σ</i><sup>3</sup>, <i>λ</i><sup>3</sup></td> <td>R<sub>3</sub>P<br />RPX<sub>2</sub><br />R<sub>2</sub>PX<br />RP(OR)<sub>2</sub><br />P(OR)<sub>3</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>σ</i><sup>3</sup>, <i>λ</i><sup>5</sup></td> <td>R-PO<sub>2</sub><br />RO-PO<sub>2</sub><br />RP(=O)(=CH<sub>2</sub>)<br />RP(=CR<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>σ</i><sup>4</sup>, <i>λ</i><sup>4</sup></td> <td>R<sub>4</sub>P<sup>+</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>σ</i><sup>4</sup>，<i>λ</i><sup>5</sup></td> <td>RP(=O)-(OH)<sub>2</sub><br />R<sub>2</sub>P(=O)-OH<br />R<sub>3</sub>P=O<br />RO-P(=O)-(OH)<sub>2</sub><br />(RO)<sub>2</sub>-P(=O)-OH<br />(RO)<sub>3</sub>P=O </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>σ</i><sup>5</sup>, <i>λ</i><sup>5</sup></td> <td>R<sub>5</sub>P </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>σ</i><sup>6</sup>, <i>λ</i><sup>6</sup></td> <td>R<sub>6</sub>P<sup>−</sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>有机磷化合物一般按照两种方法分类：按照其中磷原子的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%80%81" title="氧化态">氧化态</a>分类，或按磷原子的<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E4%BD%8D%E6%95%B0" title="配位数">配位数</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E4%BB%B7" title="化合价">化合价</a>来分类。第一种分类有利于研究磷化合物的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%98%E5%8E%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="氧化还原">氧化还原</a>性质，常见的有机磷化合物可依此被分类为： </p> <table align="center" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>氧化数（Ox）</th> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phosphine-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Phosphine-3D-balls.png/150px-Phosphine-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Phosphine-3D-balls.png/225px-Phosphine-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Phosphine-3D-balls.png/300px-Phosphine-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="898" /></a></span><br />三價磷</th> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phosphine-oxide-from-MW-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Phosphine-oxide-from-MW-3D-balls.png/150px-Phosphine-oxide-from-MW-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Phosphine-oxide-from-MW-3D-balls.png/225px-Phosphine-oxide-from-MW-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Phosphine-oxide-from-MW-3D-balls.png/300px-Phosphine-oxide-from-MW-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="887" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span><br />五價磷 </th></tr> <tr> <td>一烴</td> <td>伯<a href="/wiki/%E8%86%A6" title="膦">膦</a>、PH<sub>2</sub>R<br />亚膦酸、RP-(OH)<sub>2</sub><br />卑亚磷酸酯、H<sub>2</sub>POR</td> <td>膦酸、RP(=O)-(OH)<sub>2</sub><br />卑磷酸酯、H<sub>2</sub>P(=O)-OR </td></tr> <tr> <td>二烴</td> <td>仲<a href="/wiki/%E8%86%A6" title="膦">膦</a>、PHR<sub>2</sub><br />次亚膦酸、R<sub>2</sub>P-OH<br />低亚磷酸酯、HP(OR)<sub>2</sub></td> <td>次膦酸、R<sub>2</sub>P(=O)-OH<br />低磷酸酯、HP(=O)-(OR)<sub>2</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td>三烴</td> <td>叔<a href="/wiki/%E8%86%A6" title="膦">膦</a>、PR<sub>3</sub><br />亚磷酸酯、P(OR)<sub>3</sub><br />亚膦酸酯、RP(OR)<sub>2</sub><br />次亚膦酸酯、R<sub>2</sub>POR</td> <td>氧化膦、R<sub>3</sub>P=O<br />磷酸酯、P(=O)-(OR)<sub>3</sub><br />膦酸酯、RP(=O)-(OR)<sub>2</sub><br />次膦酸酯、R<sub>2</sub>P(=O)-OR </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>第二种标准下，将<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E4%BD%8D%E6%95%B0" title="配位数">配位数</a>记为σ、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E4%BB%B7" title="化合价">化合价</a>记为λ，数字以上标的形式记在后面。常见有机磷化合物的分类情况列在右表。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="例子"><span id=".E4.BE.8B.E5.AD.90"></span>例子</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：例子"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="膦"><span id=".E8.86.A6"></span>膦</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：膦"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%86%A6" title="膦">膦</a>是一类通式为PH<sub>3−x</sub>R<sub>x</sub>的化合物，当x=0时，得到母体化合物<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%A2" title="磷化氢">磷化氢</a>PH<sub>3</sub>。它是<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BA" title="胺">胺</a>的同类物，也为<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E9%8C%90" class="mw-disambig" title="三角錐">三角锥</a>构型，但由于磷原子半径较大的缘故，膦分子的键角比同类的胺要小。取代的烃基体积越大，键角也越大，具体可以用其所占据的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%85%8D%E4%BD%93%E9%94%A5%E8%A7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="配体锥角（页面不存在）">配体锥角</a>来描述。 </p><p>膦分子中，一对<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A4%E5%B0%8D%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="孤對電子">孤对电子</a>占据一个<i>sp<sup>3</sup></i><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%82%E5%8C%96%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="杂化轨道">杂化轨道</a>，具<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%B2%E6%A0%B8%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="亲核性">亲核性</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="碱性">碱性</a>，但一般不如相应的胺强。一个例外是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%8B%AF%E5%9F%BA%E8%86%A6" title="三苯基膦">三苯基膦</a>，它的碱性（p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> = 2.73）要大于<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%8B%AF%E8%83%BA" title="三苯胺">三苯胺</a>（-5），原因大部分可归咎于胺的孤对电子在三个<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF%E5%9F%BA" title="苯基">苯环</a>上的离域。当膦的三个取代基都不相同时，则会形成两个<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E6%98%A0%E5%BC%82%E6%9E%84%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="对映异构体">对映异构体</a>，它们之间的能垒较大，有时可以拆分出来。 </p><p>一级膦（RPH<sub>2</sub>）大多不稳定，容易与氧气发生反应，因此用处不大。下图中的芳香膦，孤对电子可以离域到邻近的芳香环上，因此是为数不多对空气稳定的一级膦之一。它可以由相应的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%95%E7%83%B7%E5%9F%BA%E8%86%A6%E9%85%B8%E9%85%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="单烷基膦酸酯（页面不存在）">单烷基膦酸酯</a>还原得到：<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PhosphaneStability2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="稳定的芳香一级膦"><img alt="稳定的芳香一级膦" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/PhosphaneStability2.png/400px-PhosphaneStability2.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/PhosphaneStability2.png/600px-PhosphaneStability2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/PhosphaneStability2.png/800px-PhosphaneStability2.png 2x" data-file-width="981" data-file-height="319" /></a><figcaption>稳定的芳香一级膦</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="合成"><span id=".E5.90.88.E6.88.90"></span>合成</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：合成"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phosphineadditionsalkenes.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Phosphineadditionsalkenes.png/250px-Phosphineadditionsalkenes.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Phosphineadditionsalkenes.png/375px-Phosphineadditionsalkenes.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Phosphineadditionsalkenes.png 2x" data-file-width="449" data-file-height="238" /></a><figcaption>膦与烯烃和炔烃加成。</figcaption></figure> <p>膦的合成方法包括： </p> <ul><li>用<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E%E8%AF%95%E5%89%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机金属试剂（页面不存在）">有机金属试剂</a>（如<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%B0%8F%E8%AF%95%E5%89%82" title="格氏试剂">格氏试剂</a>）对卤化磷进行<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%B2%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%96%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="亲核取代">亲核取代</a>；</li> <li>用<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A4%E4%BB%A3%E7%83%83" class="mw-redirect" title="卤代烃">卤代烃</a>对金属<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="磷化物">磷化物</a>进行<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%B2%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%96%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="亲核取代">亲核取代</a>；</li> <li>强碱存在下<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AF%E7%83%83" title="烯烃">烯烃</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E7%82%94%E7%83%83" title="炔烃">炔烃</a>与膦发生<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%B2%E6%A0%B8%E5%8A%A0%E6%88%90" class="mw-redirect" title="亲核加成">亲核加成</a>。该反应遵守<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%B0%8F%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99" class="mw-redirect" title="马氏规则">马氏规则</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 用一级和二级膦和缺电子烯烃／炔烃（如<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E7%83%AF%E8%85%88" title="丙烯腈">丙烯腈</a>）作反应物时，反应不需加碱即可进行（见右图）；</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AIBN" class="mw-redirect" title="AIBN">AIBN</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E8%BF%87%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="有机过氧化物">有机过氧化物</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%9F%BA%E5%BC%95%E5%8F%91%E5%89%82" title="自由基引发剂">自由基引发剂</a>存在下，膦与烯烃发生反马氏规则的<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%9F%BA%E5%8A%A0%E6%88%90" title="自由基加成">自由基加成</a>；</li> <li>用还原剂（如<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E7%A1%85%E7%83%B7" title="氯硅烷">氯硅烷</a>）还原<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E8%86%A6" title="氧化膦">氧化膦</a>得到。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="反应"><span id=".E5.8F.8D.E5.BA.94"></span>反应</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：反应"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>膦可以发生的主要反应类型有： </p> <ul><li>作为<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%B2%E6%A0%B8%E8%AF%95%E5%89%82" class="mw-redirect" title="亲核试剂">亲核试剂</a>，可以形成通式为PR<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>X<sup>−</sup>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A3%E9%8F%BB%E9%B9%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="季鏻鹽">季鏻盐</a>，性质与<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A3%E9%93%B5%E7%9B%90" title="季铵盐">季铵盐</a>类似。它们是<a href="/wiki/Appel%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" class="mw-redirect" title="Appel反应">Appel反应</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rauhut-Currier%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rauhut-Currier反应（页面不存在）">Rauhut-Currier反应</a>中所使用的试剂；</li> <li>作为<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%98%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%82" title="还原剂">还原剂</a>，例如用膦在<a href="/wiki/Staudinger%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" class="mw-redirect" title="Staudinger反应">Staudinger反应</a>中将<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A0%E6%B0%AE%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="叠氮化物">叠氮化物</a>转化为胺，在<a href="/wiki/Mitsunobu%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitsunobu反应">Mitsunobu反应</a>中将醇转化为酯。活化的羰基化合物，如α-酮酯，也可被膦还原为相应的醇，<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 而膦自身的氧化产物为<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E8%86%A6" title="氧化膦">氧化膦</a>，也称<a href="/wiki/%E8%86%A6%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="膦氧化物">膦氧化物</a>。</li></ul> <dl><dd><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phosphine_ester_reduction.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="活化的羰基被膦还原为羟基"><img alt="活化的羰基被膦还原为羟基" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Phosphine_ester_reduction.svg/390px-Phosphine_ester_reduction.svg.png" decoding="async" width="390" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Phosphine_ester_reduction.svg/585px-Phosphine_ester_reduction.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Phosphine_ester_reduction.svg/780px-Phosphine_ester_reduction.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2860" data-file-height="1799" /></a><figcaption>活化的羰基被膦还原为羟基</figcaption></figure></dd></dl> <dl><dd>有些特殊取代的膦中，P-H键发生<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%81%E6%80%A7%E7%BF%BB%E8%BD%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="极性翻转">极性翻转</a>，氢带部分负电荷，可以将<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E8%8B%AF%E7%94%B2%E9%85%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="二苯甲酮">二苯甲酮</a>还原为下面的产物：<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phosphine_umpolung.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="P-H键发生极性翻转"><img alt="P-H键发生极性翻转" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Phosphine_umpolung.svg/460px-Phosphine_umpolung.svg.png" decoding="async" width="460" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Phosphine_umpolung.svg/690px-Phosphine_umpolung.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Phosphine_umpolung.svg/920px-Phosphine_umpolung.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3348" data-file-height="1299" /></a><figcaption>P-H键发生极性翻转</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>多齿的膦化合物，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E8%86%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="双膦">双膦</a>和<a href="/wiki/BINAP" title="BINAP">BINAP</a>，是有机金属化学中很重要的<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E4%BD%93_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" class="mw-redirect" title="配体 (化学)">配体</a>，可用作<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%B9%E6%98%A0%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="对映选择性（页面不存在）">对映选择性</a>合成中使用的催化剂。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="氧化膦"><span id=".E6.B0.A7.E5.8C.96.E8.86.A6"></span>氧化膦</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：氧化膦"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E8%86%A6" title="氧化膦">氧化膦</a>是一类通式为R<sub>3</sub>P=O的化合物。它们可以和水形成<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E9%94%AE" title="氢键">氢键</a>，有很多都可溶于水。稳定性很高，要高于氮所形成的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E8%83%BA" title="氧化胺">氧化胺</a>类化合物，而且P=O高度极化。 </p><p>关于氧化膦中的P=O键，一个比较流行的说法是，氧原子的一对孤对电子<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E9%A6%88%CF%80%E9%94%AE" title="反馈π键">反馈</a>到磷原子的空<i>d</i>轨道上，形成<i>p</i>-<i>d</i>反馈π配键。这个说法正好也解释了氧化胺的不稳定性：因为氮是第二周期元素，无法提供空的<i>d</i>轨道，所以它只好与氧以单配位键相连。然而，以上说法得不到电脑模拟得到的计算结果的支持，而且P=O键也不具有类似于C=C双键的性质，比如，氧化膦无法发生<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%88%90%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="加成反应">加成反应</a>。 </p><p>另一个说法认为磷与氧之间主要是<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%94%AE" title="离子键">离子键</a>作用，即P<sup>+</sup>−O<sup>−</sup>。它可以解释磷氧键键长较短的事实，以<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="分子轨道理论">分子轨道理论</a>的观点来看，该理论认为它的实质，是氧原子的一对孤对电子反馈到磷-碳键的空<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E9%94%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="反键">反键</a>轨道中。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8E%E5%A4%B4%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="从头计算">从头计算</a>（<i>ab initio</i>）的结果支持了这个观点。因此这个说法正在逐渐被更多的学者接受。 </p><p>在合成如下一个多磷杂环时，就利用了膦氧化生成氧化膦的反应。产物分子形似皇冠，与<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E7%8E%AF%E5%A4%9A%E8%83%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大环多胺（页面不存在）">大环多胺</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%A0%E9%86%9A" title="冠醚">冠醚</a>有些类似。<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phosphacrown.png" class="mw-file-description" title="大环多磷"><img alt="大环多磷" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Phosphacrown.png/500px-Phosphacrown.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="339" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Phosphacrown.png/750px-Phosphacrown.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Phosphacrown.png/1000px-Phosphacrown.png 2x" data-file-width="1011" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption>大环多磷</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="单烷基膦酸酯"><span id=".E5.8D.95.E7.83.B7.E5.9F.BA.E8.86.A6.E9.85.B8.E9.85.AF"></span>单烷基膦酸酯</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：单烷基膦酸酯"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%95%E7%83%B7%E5%9F%BA%E8%86%A6%E9%85%B8%E9%85%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="单烷基膦酸酯（页面不存在）">单烷基膦酸酯</a>（Phosphonate）是一类通式为R-P(=O)(OR)<sub>2</sub>的化合物。其分子中的C-P键比较牢固，一般不易断裂，只有在α-/β-碳上连有<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B8%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="吸电子基团">吸电子基团</a>时（酸性或碱性条件），或β-位有烯键的情况下，C-P键才容易断裂。如果α-碳上有氢，则该氢具有一定的酸性，可以解离生成<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E8%B4%9F%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" title="碳负离子">碳负离子</a>，发生<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%B7%E5%9F%BA%E5%8C%96" title="烷基化">烷基化</a>反应。<a href="/wiki/Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" class="mw-redirect" title="Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons反应">Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons反应</a>和<a href="/wiki/Seyferth-Gilbert%E5%A2%9E%E7%A2%B3%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" class="mw-redirect" title="Seyferth-Gilbert增碳反应">Seyferth-Gilbert增碳反应</a>即是此一类型的反应。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%B3%E6%B0%8F%E8%AF%95%E5%89%82" class="mw-redirect" title="劳氏试剂">劳氏试剂</a>（Lawesson试剂）是具有全硫代单烷基膦酸酯结构的有机化学试剂。除用于将羰基转化为<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A1%AB%E7%BE%B0%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="硫羰基（页面不存在）">硫羰基</a>外，它可用于制取多种硫代单烷基膦酸酯类的化合物。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="亚磷酸酯／磷酸酯"><span id=".E4.BA.9A.E7.A3.B7.E9.85.B8.E9.85.AF.EF.BC.8F.E7.A3.B7.E9.85.B8.E9.85.AF"></span>亚磷酸酯／磷酸酯</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：亚磷酸酯／磷酸酯"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E9%85%AF" title="亚磷酸酯">亚磷酸酯</a>是通式为P(OR)<sub>3</sub>的化合物，一般指<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8" title="亞磷酸">亚磷酸</a>三酯。它们可通过<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E7%A3%B7" title="三氯化磷">三氯化磷</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%87" title="醇">醇</a>在碱存在下反应得到。与<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A4%E4%BB%A3%E7%83%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="卤代烷">卤代烷</a>反应，生成<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%95%E7%83%B7%E5%9F%BA%E8%86%A6%E9%85%B8%E9%85%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="单烷基膦酸酯（页面不存在）">单烷基膦酸酯</a>和新的卤代烷，称为<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbusov%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arbusov反应（页面不存在）">Arbusov反应</a>，是制备单烷基膦酸酯的常用方法。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E9%85%AF" title="磷酸酯">磷酸酯</a>是通式为P(=O)(OR)<sub>3</sub>的化合物，由<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8" title="磷酸">磷酸</a>与醇缩合得到。它们多用作<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BB%E7%87%83%E5%89%82" title="阻燃剂">阻燃剂</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%91%E5%8C%96%E5%8A%91" title="塑化劑">塑化剂</a>。按照定义，亚磷酸酯和磷酸酯都不属于有机磷化合物的范畴，但为了方便，一般也将它们与有机磷化合物放在一起讨论。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="膦烷"><span id=".E8.86.A6.E7.83.B7"></span>膦烷</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：膦烷"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%86%A6%E7%83%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="膦烷（页面不存在）">膦烷</a>是一类通式为PR<sub>5</sub>的化合物，母体化合物—五氢化磷（PH<sub>5</sub>）极为不稳定。膦烷分子呈<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E5%8F%8C%E9%94%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="三角双锥">三角双锥</a>构型，两个伸出平面的键比其余三个平面内的键要长。<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7%E5%8F%B6%E7%AB%8B%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="磷叶立德">磷叶立德</a>属于膦烷的一类，通式为R<sub>3</sub>P=CR<sub>2</sub>。它可通过季鏻盐与碱作用消除HX，或膦与<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%AE%BE" title="卡宾">卡宾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF%E7%82%94" title="苯炔">苯炔</a>等活性中间体加成得到。通过磷叶立德的“叶立德交换反应”，可以制得比较复杂的叶立德。磷叶立德是<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E8%92%82%E5%B8%8C%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="维蒂希反应">维蒂希反应</a>中的试剂。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="多重键"><span id=".E5.A4.9A.E9.87.8D.E9.94.AE"></span>多重键</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：多重键"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>磷也可以与其他元素形成多重键，比如碳与三价磷的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A3%B7%E7%83%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="磷烯（页面不存在）">磷烯</a>化合物（Phosphaalkene，R<sub>2</sub>C::PR）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A3%B7%E7%82%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="磷炔（页面不存在）">磷炔</a>化合物（Phosphaalkyne，RC:::PR），含磷磷双键的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E7%A3%B7%E7%83%AF" title="二磷烯">二磷烯</a>（RP=PR），以及含磷氮双键的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7%E8%85%88" class="mw-redirect" title="磷腈">磷腈</a>（RP=NR）。磷在这些化合物中的配位数都为2。 </p><p>首个磷烯化合物于1974年制得，利用的是类似于<a href="/wiki/Brook%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%92%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" class="mw-redirect" title="Brook重排反应">Brook重排反应</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%AE-%E7%83%AF%E9%86%87%E4%BA%92%E5%8F%98%E5%BC%82%E6%9E%84" title="酮-烯醇互变异构">酮-烯醇互变异构</a>反应：<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Becker_Reaction.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Becker反应，R=甲基或苯基，TMS=三甲硅基"><img alt="Becker反应，R=甲基或苯基，TMS=三甲硅基" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Becker_Reaction.svg/320px-Becker_Reaction.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Becker_Reaction.svg/480px-Becker_Reaction.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Becker_Reaction.svg/640px-Becker_Reaction.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2331" data-file-height="509" /></a><figcaption>Becker反应，R=甲基或苯基，TMS=三甲硅基</figcaption></figure></dd></dl> <p>以上方法推广后，可用于其他磷烯类化合物的制备：<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Poly(p-phenylenephosphaalkene).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Poly%28p-phenylenephosphaalkene%29.svg/690px-Poly%28p-phenylenephosphaalkene%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="690" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Poly%28p-phenylenephosphaalkene%29.svg/1035px-Poly%28p-phenylenephosphaalkene%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Poly%28p-phenylenephosphaalkene%29.svg/1380px-Poly%28p-phenylenephosphaalkene%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="5020" data-file-height="904" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></dd></dl> <p>此外磷烯类化合物也可以由合适的前体化合物发生1,2-<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E9%99%A4%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="消除反应">消除反应</a>得到，反应条件可以是热解，或与碱作用（如<a href="/wiki/DBU" class="mw-redirect" title="DBU">DBU</a>、<a href="/wiki/DABCO" class="mw-redirect" title="DABCO">DABCO</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%B9%99%E8%83%BA" title="三乙胺">三乙胺</a>）。此法也可用于制取磷腈类化合物。 </p> <dl><dd><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phosphaalkene_General.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="磷烯合成"><img alt="磷烯合成" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Phosphaalkene_General.svg/260px-Phosphaalkene_General.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Phosphaalkene_General.svg/390px-Phosphaalkene_General.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Phosphaalkene_General.svg/520px-Phosphaalkene_General.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1904" data-file-height="421" /></a><figcaption>磷烯合成</figcaption></figure></dd></dl> <p>磷烯的性质与<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AF%E7%83%83" title="烯烃">烯烃</a>类似，因此可发生<a href="/wiki/Wittig%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" class="mw-redirect" title="Wittig反应">Wittig反应</a>、<a href="/wiki/Peterson%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" class="mw-redirect" title="Peterson反应">Peterson反应</a>、<a href="/wiki/Cope%E9%87%8D%E6%8E%92%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" class="mw-redirect" title="Cope重排反应">Cope重排反应</a>和<a href="/wiki/DA%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" class="mw-redirect" title="DA反应">DA反应</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>有机磷化学于<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.ox.ac.uk">ox.ac.uk</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20080915160500/http://users.ox.ac.uk/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>），<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.ox.ac.uk/~mwalter/web_05/resources/phos_chem/org_phosph_chem.shtml">链接</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20060427171701/http://users.ox.ac.uk/~mwalter/web_05/resources/phos_chem/org_phosph_chem.shtml">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chem.wisc.edu/areas/reich/chem842/_chem842-09-phosphorus.htm">有机磷试剂在合成中的应用</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160303210905/http://www.chem.wisc.edu/areas/reich/chem842/_chem842-09-phosphorus.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131111065238/http://fluorine.ch.man.ac.uk/research/p31calc.php">有机磷化合物NMR谱化学位移值计算器</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=3ATQyjZBjy0C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0">有机磷化学介绍</a>于GoogleBook</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A3%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dillon, K. B.; Mathey, F.; Nixon, J. F. <i>Phosphorus. The Carbon Copy</i>; John Wiley & Sons, 1997. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0471973602" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-471-97360-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quin, L. D. <i>A Guide to Organophosphorus Chemistry</i>; John Wiley & Sons, 2000. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0471318248" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-471-31824-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Taming a Functional Group: Creating Air-Stable, Chiral Primary Phosphanes </i> Rachel M. Hiney, Lee J. Higham, Helge Müller-Bunz, Declan G. Gilheany <a href="/wiki/Angewandte_Chemie_International_Edition" class="mw-redirect" title="Angewandte Chemie International Edition">Angewandte Chemie International Edition</a> Volume 45, Issue 43 , Pages 7248 - 7251 <b>2006</b> <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fanie.200602143">10.1002/anie.200602143</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arbuzova, S. N.; Gusarova, N. K.; Trofimov, B. A. "Nucleophilic and free-radical additions of phosphines and phosphine chalcogenides to alkenes and alkynes." <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arkivoc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arkivoc（页面不存在）">Arkivoc</a></i> <b>2006</b>, part v, 12–36 (EL-1761AR). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arkat-usa.org/home.aspx?VIEW=MANUSCRIPT&MSID=1761">Article</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20080207083540/http://www.arkat-usa.org/home.aspx?VIEW=MANUSCRIPT&MSID=1761">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zhang, W.; Shi, M. "Reduction of activated carbonyl groups by alkyl phosphines: formation of α-hydroxy esters and ketones." <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_Communications&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chemical Communications（页面不存在）">Chem. Commun.</a></i> <b>2006</b>, 1218–1220. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039%2Fb516467b">10.1039/b516467b</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burck, S.; Gudat, D.; Nieger, M.; Du Mont, W.-W. "<i>P</i>-Hydrogen-Substituted 1,3,2-Diazaphospholenes: Molecular Hydrides." <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_American_Chemical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of the American Chemical Society">J. Am. Chem. Soc.</a></i> <b>2006</b>, <i>128</i>, 3946–3955. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fja057827j">10.1021/ja057827j</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edwards, P. G.; Haigh, R.; Li, D.; Newman, P. D. "Template Synthesis of 1,4,7-Triphosphacyclononanes." <a href="/wiki/J._Am._Chem._Soc." class="mw-redirect" title="J. Am. Chem. Soc.">J. Am. Chem. Soc.</a> <b>2006</b>, <i>128</i>, 3818–3830. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fja0578956">10.1021/ja0578956</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Bildung und Eigenschaften von Acylphosphinen. I. Monosubstitutionsreaktionen an substituierten Disilylphosphinen mit Pivaloylchlorid</i> Gerd Becker, Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie <b>1976</b>, 423, pp 242 - 254</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Phosphorus Copies of PPV: -Conjugated Polymers and Molecules Composed of Alternating Phenylene and Phosphaalkene Moieties</i> Vincent A. Wright, Brian O. Patrick, Celine Schneider, and Derek P. Gates <a href="/wiki/J._Am._Chem._Soc." class="mw-redirect" title="J. Am. Chem. Soc.">J. Am. Chem. Soc.</a>; <b>2006</b>; 128(27) pp 8836 - 8844; (Article) <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fja060816l">10.1021/ja060816l</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%90%AB%E7%A2%B3%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:含碳化合物"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="元素周期表中与碳成键所形成的化合物" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">元素周期表中与<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">碳</a>成键所形成的化合物</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wikitable" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <table cellpadding="3" style="margin:0 auto"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background-color:#99bbff"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3-%E6%B0%A2%E9%94%AE" title="碳-氢键">CH</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="border:none"> </td> <td colspan="11" style="border:none" rowspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="border:none"> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFE4E1">He </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#99bbff"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%94%82%E8%AF%95%E5%89%82" title="有机锂试剂">CLi</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%93%8D%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="有机铍化学">CBe</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#99bbff"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A1%BC%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="有机硼化合物">CB</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#99bbff"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3-%E7%A2%B3%E9%94%AE" title="碳-碳键">CC</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#99bbff"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3-%E6%B0%AE%E9%94%AE" title="碳-氮键">CN</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#99bbff"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3-%E6%B0%A7%E9%94%AE" title="碳-氧键">CO</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#99bbff"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E6%B0%9F%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="有机氟化学">CF</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFE4E1">Ne </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#98FF98"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%92%A0%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="有机钠化学">CNa</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#99bbff"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%95%81%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="有机镁化学">CMg</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#98FF98"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%93%9D%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="有机铝化合物">CAl</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#99bbff"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A1%85%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="有机硅化学">CSi</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#99bbff"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">CP</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#99bbff"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A1%AB%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="有机硫化学">CS</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#99bbff"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="有机氯化合物">CCl</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E6%B0%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机氩化学（页面不存在）">CAr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%92%BE%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="有机钾化学">CK</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%92%99%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="有机钙化学">CCa</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%92%AA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机钪化学（页面不存在）">CSc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#98FF98"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%92%9B%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机钛化学（页面不存在）">CTi</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#98FF98"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%92%92%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机钒化学（页面不存在）">CV</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#98FF98"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%93%AC%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机铬化学（页面不存在）">CCr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#98FF98"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%94%B0%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机锰化学（页面不存在）">CMn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#98FF98"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%93%81%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机铁化学（页面不存在）">CFe</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#98FF98"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%92%B4%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机钴化学（页面不存在）">CCo</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#98FF98"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%95%8D%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="有机镍化学">CNi</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#98FF98"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E9%8A%85%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="有機銅化合物">CCu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#98FF98"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%94%8C%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="有机锌化合物">CZn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%95%93%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="有机镓化学">CGa</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%94%97%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="有机锗化学">CGe</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#98FF98"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A0%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="有机砷化学">CAs</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#98FF98"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A1%92%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="有机硒化合物">CSe</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#99bbff"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E6%BA%B4%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="有机溴化合物">CBr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E6%B0%AA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机氪化学（页面不存在）">CKr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%93%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="有机铷化学">CRb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%94%B6%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="有机锶化学">CSr</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%92%87%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="有机钇化学">CY</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#98FF98"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%94%86%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机锆化学（页面不存在）">CZr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%93%8C%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机铌化学（页面不存在）">CNb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#98FF98"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%92%BC%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="有机钼化学">CMo</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%94%9D%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="有机锝化合物">CTc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#98FF98"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%92%8C%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机钌化学（页面不存在）">CRu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#98FF98"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%93%91%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机铑化学（页面不存在）">CRh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#99bbff"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%92%AF%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="有机钯化学">CPd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%93%B6%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="有机银化合物">CAg</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%95%89%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="有机镉化合物">CCd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%93%9F%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="有机铟化学">CIn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#98FF98"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%94%A1%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="有机锡化学">CSn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%94%91%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="有机锑化学">CSb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A2%B2%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="有机碲化合物">CTe</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#99bbff"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A2%98%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="有机碘化合物">CI</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E6%B0%99%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="有机氙化合物">CXe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%93%AF%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="有机铯化学">CCs</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%92%A1%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="有机钡化学">CBa</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; background:white"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="1 asterisk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/16px-Asterisks_one.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/24px-Asterisks_one.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/32px-Asterisks_one.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="98" /></span></span> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%95%A5%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机镥化学（页面不存在）">CLu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%93%AA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机铪化学（页面不存在）">CHf</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%92%BD%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机钽化学（页面不存在）">CTa</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%92%A8%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机钨化学（页面不存在）">CW</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%93%BC%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机铼化学（页面不存在）">CRe</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%94%87%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机锇化学（页面不存在）">COs</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%93%B1%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机铱化学（页面不存在）">CIr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%93%82%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机铂化学（页面不存在）">CPt</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%87%91%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="有机金化学">CAu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#98FF98"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E6%B1%9E%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="有机汞化合物">CHg</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%93%8A%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="有机铊化学">CTl</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#98FF98"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%93%85%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="有机铅化合物">CPb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%93%8B%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="有机铋化学">CBi</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%92%8B%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="有机钋化学">CPo</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%A0%B9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="有机砹化学">CAt</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFE4E1">Rn </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFE4E1"> <td style="background-color:#FFE4E1">Fr </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%95%AD%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机镭化学（页面不存在）">CRa</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; background:white"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="2 asterisks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Asterisks_two.svg/16px-Asterisks_two.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Asterisks_two.svg/24px-Asterisks_two.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Asterisks_two.svg/32px-Asterisks_two.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="98" /></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%93%B9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机铹化学（页面不存在）">Lr</a> </td> <td>Rf </td> <td>Db </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%F0%A8%AD%8E%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机𨭎化学（页面不存在）">CSg</a> </td> <td>Bh </td> <td>Hs </td> <td>Mt </td> <td>Ds </td> <td>Rg </td> <td>Cn </td> <td>Nh </td> <td>Fl </td> <td>Mc </td> <td>Lv </td> <td>Ts </td> <td>Og </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none; line-height:0.7em;">  </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F0DC82"> <td colspan="2" style="border:none; background-color:white"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; background:white"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="1 asterisk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/16px-Asterisks_one.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/24px-Asterisks_one.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Asterisks_one.svg/32px-Asterisks_one.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="98" /></span></span> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%95%A7%E7%B3%BB%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机镧系化学（页面不存在）">CLa</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%93%88%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机铈化学（页面不存在）">CCe</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%95%A8%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机镨化学（页面不存在）">CPr</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%92%95%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机钕化学（页面不存在）">CNd</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%92%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机钷化学（页面不存在）">CPm</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%92%90%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机钐化学（页面不存在）">CSm</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%93%95%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机铕化学（页面不存在）">CEu</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%92%86%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机钆化学（页面不存在）">CGd</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%93%BD%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机铽化学（页面不存在）">CTb</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%95%9D%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机镝化学（页面不存在）">CDy</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%92%AC%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机钬化学（页面不存在）">CHo</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%93%92%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机铒化学（页面不存在）">CEr</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%93%A5%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机铥化学（页面不存在）">CTm</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%95%B1%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机镱化学（页面不存在）">CYb</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#FFE4E1"> <td colspan="2" style="border:none; background-color:white"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; background:white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="2 asterisks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Asterisks_two.svg/16px-Asterisks_two.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Asterisks_two.svg/24px-Asterisks_two.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Asterisks_two.svg/32px-Asterisks_two.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="98" /></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%94%95%E7%B3%BB%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机锕系化学（页面不存在）">Ac</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%92%8D%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机钍化学（页面不存在）">CTh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%95%A4%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机镤化学（页面不存在）">CPa</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%93%80%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="有机铀化合物">CU</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%95%8E%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="有机镎化合物">CNp</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%92%9A%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机钚化学（页面不存在）">CPu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%95%85%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机镅化学（页面不存在）">CAm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%94%94%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机锔化学（页面不存在）">CCm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%94%AB%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机锫化学（页面不存在）">CBk</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%94%8E%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机锎化学（页面不存在）">CCf</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0DC82"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%94%BF%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机锿化学（页面不存在）">CEs</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%95%84%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机镄化学（页面不存在）">Fm</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%92%94%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机钔化学（页面不存在）">Md</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%94%98%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机锘化学（页面不存在）">No</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">图例</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wikitable" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>与碳所成的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E9%94%AE" title="化学键">化学键</a>系</li><li><span style="background:#99bbff; padding:3px;; display:inline-block">有机化学重要研究对象</span></li><li><span style="background:#98FF98; padding:3px;; display:inline-block">有广泛应用的领域</span></li><li><span style="background:#F0DC82; padding:3px;; display:inline-block">仅是学术研究的对象</span></li><li><span style="background:#FFE4E1; padding:3px;; display:inline-block">尚未发现此类键</span></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="有机磷化学" style="padding:3px"><table 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selflink">有机磷化学</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">只有<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7" title="磷">磷</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">氧</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E9%94%AE" title="化学键">键</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">磷(III)（σ3, λ3）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E9%85%AF" title="亚磷酸酯">亚磷酸酯</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">磷(V)（σ4，λ5）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E9%85%AF" title="磷酸酯">磷酸酯</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">含<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">碳</a>-磷键</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">一个碳-磷键</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">磷(III)（σ3, λ3）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E8%86%A6%E9%85%B8%E9%85%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚膦酸酯（页面不存在）">亚膦酸酯</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">磷(V)（σ4，λ5）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%86%A6%E9%85%B8%E9%85%AF" title="膦酸酯">膦酸酯</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">两个碳-磷键</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">磷(III)（σ3, λ3）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E7%83%B7%E5%9F%BA%E6%AC%A1%E4%BA%9A%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E9%85%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="二烷基次亚磷酸酯（页面不存在）">二烷基次亚磷酸酯</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">磷(V)（σ4，λ5）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E7%83%B7%E5%9F%BA%E6%AC%A1%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E9%85%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="二烷基次磷酸酯（页面不存在）">二烷基次磷酸酯</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">三个碳-磷键</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">磷(III)（σ3, λ3）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%86%A6" title="膦">膦</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">磷(V)（σ4，λ5）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E8%86%A6" title="氧化膦">氧化膦</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">含磷-<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">氮</a>键</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">一个磷-氮键</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">磷(III)（σ3, λ3）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phosphoramidite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phosphoramidite（页面不存在）">Phosphoramidite</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">磷(V)（σ4，λ5）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E9%85%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氨基磷酸酯（页面不存在）">氨基磷酸酯</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B0%E8%83%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="磷酰胺（页面不存在）">磷酰胺</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">两个磷-氮键</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">磷(III)（σ3, λ3）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phosphorodiamidite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phosphorodiamidite（页面不存在）">Phosphorodiamidite</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">磷(V)（σ4，λ5）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B0%E4%BA%8C%E8%83%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="磷酰二胺（页面不存在）">磷酰二胺</a>（例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%97%8E%E5%95%89%E5%9F%BA" title="嗎啉基">吗啉基</a>）</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">三个磷-氮键</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">磷(V)（σ4，λ5）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B0%E4%B8%89%E8%83%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="磷酰三胺（页面不存在）">磷酰三胺</a>（例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B0%E8%83%BA" title="六甲基磷酰胺">六甲基磷酰胺</a>）</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">含磷-碳键与磷-氮键</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">一个磷-碳键与一个磷-氮键</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">磷(V)（σ4，λ5）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phosphonamidate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phosphonamidate（页面不存在）">Phosphonamidate</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">一个磷-碳键与二个磷-氮键</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">磷(V)（σ4，λ5）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phosphonamide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phosphonamide（页面不存在）">Phosphonamide</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">两个磷-碳键与一个磷-氮键</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">磷(V)（σ4，λ5）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phosphinamide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phosphinamide（页面不存在）">Phosphinamide</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">含磷-<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">硫</a>键</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">一个磷-硫键</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">磷(III)（σ3, λ3）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A1%AB%E4%BB%A3%E4%BA%9A%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E9%85%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="硫代亚磷酸酯（页面不存在）">硫代亚磷酸酯</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">磷(V)（σ4，λ5）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E4%BB%A3%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E9%85%AF" title="硫代磷酸酯">硫代磷酸酯</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">两个磷-硫键</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">磷(III)（σ3, λ3）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E7%A1%AB%E4%BB%A3%E4%BA%9A%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E9%85%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="二硫代亚磷酸酯（页面不存在）">二硫代亚磷酸酯</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">磷(V)（σ4，λ5）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E7%A1%AB%E4%BB%A3%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E9%85%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="二硫代磷酸酯（页面不存在）">二硫代磷酸酯</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a>：各地 <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" 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