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Flemish Diamond - Wikipedia
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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fl%C3%A4mischer_Diamant" title="Flämischer Diamant – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Flämischer Diamant" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamante_Flamenco" title="Diamante Flamenco – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Diamante Flamenco" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flandra_Diamanto" title="Flandra Diamanto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Flandra Diamanto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Losange_flamand" title="Losange flamand – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Losange flamand" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4" title="Ֆլամանդական ադամանդ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆլամանդական ադամանդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamanski_dijamant" title="Flamanski dijamant – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Flamanski dijamant" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Flemish_Diamond&params=51_3_N_4_18_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°3′N</span> <span class="longitude">4°18′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.050°N 4.300°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.050; 4.300</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flemish_Diamond_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flemish_Diamond_map.svg/350px-Flemish_Diamond_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flemish_Diamond_map.svg/525px-Flemish_Diamond_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flemish_Diamond_map.svg/700px-Flemish_Diamond_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="735" data-file-height="614" /></a><figcaption>A map of the Flemish Diamond within Belgium.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flemish_Diamond_Municipalities.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flemish_Diamond_Municipalities.png/350px-Flemish_Diamond_Municipalities.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flemish_Diamond_Municipalities.png/525px-Flemish_Diamond_Municipalities.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flemish_Diamond_Municipalities.png/700px-Flemish_Diamond_Municipalities.png 2x" data-file-width="829" data-file-height="679" /></a><figcaption>The municipalities seen as being part of the "Flemish Diamond".</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Urban-sprawl-in-Benelux.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Urban-sprawl-in-Benelux.png/220px-Urban-sprawl-in-Benelux.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Urban-sprawl-in-Benelux.png/330px-Urban-sprawl-in-Benelux.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Urban-sprawl-in-Benelux.png/440px-Urban-sprawl-in-Benelux.png 2x" data-file-width="1074" data-file-height="1381" /></a><figcaption>The Flemish Diamond has a high degree of <a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">urban sprawl</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Flemish Diamond</b> (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">Vlaamse Ruit</i>) is the <a href="/wiki/Flemish_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Flemish community">Flemish</a> reference to a network of four <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan areas">metropolitan areas</a> in <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, three of which are in the central provinces of <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a>, together with the <a href="/wiki/Brussels-Capital_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Brussels-Capital Region">Brussels-Capital Region</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Flemish-Capital-regions_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flemish-Capital-regions-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It consists of four agglomerations which form the four corners of an abstract diamond shape: <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghent" title="Ghent">Ghent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leuven" title="Leuven">Leuven</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wintjes_Cobbenhagen_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wintjes_Cobbenhagen-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, approximately 5 million people lived in this area, with a population density of about 820 per square kilometer<sup id="cite_ref-Meijers-2007_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meijers-2007-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which accounted for roughly 47% of the total population of the country (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 10.5 million). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flemish_Diamond&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Flemish Diamond is a regional government concept not officially recognized by the Belgian central authority, the Federal government, which recognizes no poly-centric conurbation in Belgium that crosses regional borders and includes Brussels as part of it. The other major Belgian metropolitan areas that are in relative proximity to the national capital (that lie within a radius of approximately 50 kilometres (31 mi) around Brussels) are the exclusive competence of the regional authorities. These autonomous authorities may choose to include or exclude Brussels in their own volition. And as such, the autonomous Flemish government developed the geographic and socio-economic concept of <i>Vlaamse Ruit</i> or "Flemish Diamond" in the 1990s. The Francophone counterpart is the <i>Triangle Wallon</i> ("Walloon Triangle"), consisting of Brussels and three Walloon metropolitan areas, namely <a href="/wiki/Mons,_Belgium" title="Mons, Belgium">Mons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charleroi" title="Charleroi">Charleroi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dynamics">Dynamics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flemish_Diamond&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Dynamics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The distance from Antwerp to Brussels is approximately 51 km (32 mi). The city of <a href="/wiki/Mechelen" title="Mechelen">Mechelen</a> is in the middle, and towards Brussels the industrial area of <a href="/wiki/Vilvoorde" title="Vilvoorde">Vilvoorde</a>. With the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Antwerp" title="Port of Antwerp">Port of Antwerp</a> stretching to the north, this has long been recognized as a major north–south urban and industrial axis. The western triangular area of the larger cities of Antwerp-Brussels-Ghent comprises the cities of <a href="/wiki/Lokeren" title="Lokeren">Lokeren</a> located west of <a href="/wiki/Sint-Niklaas" title="Sint-Niklaas">Sint-Niklaas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dendermonde" title="Dendermonde">Dendermonde</a> north of <a href="/wiki/Aalst,_Belgium" title="Aalst, Belgium">Aalst</a> as well as the industrial area <a href="/wiki/Boom,_Antwerp" class="mw-redirect" title="Boom, Antwerp">Boom</a> – <a href="/wiki/Willebroek" title="Willebroek">Willebroek</a>, and is generally slightly less urbanized. Such may also be true for the smaller eastern Antwerp – Brussels – Leuven triangle, comprising the city of <a href="/wiki/Lier,_Belgium" title="Lier, Belgium">Lier</a>. </p><p>The name refers to the geometrical shape of a <a href="/wiki/Rhombus" title="Rhombus">diamond</a>, corresponding to the location of the four cities and surrounding metro areas, which are among the most urbanized and industrialized – and prosperous<sup id="cite_ref-Cantillon_De-Blust_Van-den-Heede_prosperity_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cantillon_De-Blust_Van-den-Heede_prosperity-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> — in Belgium. It has strong economical ties with the metropolitan regions of the <a href="/wiki/Randstad" title="Randstad">Randstad</a> in the Netherlands, and <a href="/wiki/Rhine-Ruhr" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine-Ruhr">Rhine-Ruhr</a> in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-Vanhaverbeke_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vanhaverbeke-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also links its peripheral area for more than a hundred kilometers, exceeding Flanders, to the international and global economy.<sup id="cite_ref-Vanhaverbeke_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vanhaverbeke-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The economic activities in the relatively larger metropolitan areas are distinct, with an emphasis on industry in Antwerp, mainly because of its major port, versus on administration for Brussels, as Belgian capital and its function for the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>. Though the centrally located city in both the Diamond and its major north–south industrial axis has two industrial zones within the municipal boundaries, Mechelen is also seen as a <a href="/wiki/Commuter_town" title="Commuter town">commuter town</a> for its many commuters to those cities. </p><p>Apart from <a href="/wiki/Hasselt_University" title="Hasselt University">Hasselt University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Limburg_(Belgium)" title="Limburg (Belgium)">Limburg</a>, all the Flemish universities are located at the provincial or national capitals at each corner of the Diamond, while Mechelen plays an important role because of its other types of higher education. Though <a href="/wiki/Katholieke_Universiteit_Leuven_Campus_Kortrijk" class="mw-redirect" title="Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Campus Kortrijk">a distant affiliate</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Katholieke_Universiteit_Leuven" class="mw-redirect" title="Katholieke Universiteit Leuven">Catholic university of Leuven</a> offers the first few years of some bachelors in <a href="/wiki/Kortrijk" title="Kortrijk">Kortrijk</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-KULAK_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KULAK-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for higher degrees the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Ghent" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Ghent">University of Ghent</a> is the nearest for the province of <a href="/wiki/West_Flanders" title="West Flanders">West Flanders</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as it lies outside the Flemish Diamond. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flemish_Diamond&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sillon_industriel" title="Sillon industriel">Sillon industriel</a>, Wallonia's urban belt</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_areas_in_Belgium" title="Metropolitan areas in Belgium">Metropolitan areas in Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Banana" title="Blue Banana">Blue Banana</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flemish_Diamond&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>General sources</b> </p> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFVanhaverbeke,_Wim1997" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vanhaverbeke, Wim (January 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070314033239/http://edata.ub.unimaas.nl/www-edocs/loader/file.asp?id=264">"Het belang van de Vlaamse Ruit vanuit economisch perspectief"</a> [The importance of the Flemish Diamond from an economical perspective] (in Dutch). Netherlands Institute of Business Organization and Strategy Research, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maastricht" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Maastricht">University of Maastricht</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edata.ub.unimaas.nl/www-edocs/loader/file.asp?id=264">the original</a> on 14 March 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Het+belang+van+de+Vlaamse+Ruit+vanuit+economisch+perspectief&rft.pub=Netherlands+Institute+of+Business+Organization+and+Strategy+Research%2C+University+of+Maastricht%2C+the+Netherlands&rft.date=1997-01&rft.au=Vanhaverbeke%2C+Wim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedata.ub.unimaas.nl%2Fwww-edocs%2Floader%2Ffile.asp%3Fid%3D264&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+Diamond" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHouvenaghel,_SofieVanhaverbeke,_Wim1997" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Houvenaghel, Sofie; Vanhaverbeke, Wim (June 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724171320/http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=651">"Economische aspecten en relaties van omliggende gebieden met het stedelijk netwerk van de Vlaamse Ruit"</a> [Economical aspects and relations of surrounding areas with the urban network of the Flemish Diamond] (in Dutch). Netherlands Institute of Business Organization and Strategy Research, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maastricht" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Maastricht">University of Maastricht</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=651">the original</a> on 24 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Economische+aspecten+en+relaties+van+omliggende+gebieden+met+het+stedelijk+netwerk+van+de+Vlaamse+Ruit&rft.pub=Netherlands+Institute+of+Business+Organization+and+Strategy+Research%2C+University+of+Maastricht%2C+the+Netherlands&rft.date=1997-06&rft.au=Houvenaghel%2C+Sofie&rft.au=Vanhaverbeke%2C+Wim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farno.unimaas.nl%2Fshow.cgi%3Ffid%3D651&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+Diamond" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Vries,_Jochem2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">de Vries, Jochem (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dare.uva.nl/document/31801"><i>Grenzen verkend, Internationalisering van de ruimtelijke planning in de Benelux</i></a>. Stedelijke en Regionale Verkenningen (in Dutch). Delft: DUP Science, Delft University Press. p. 383. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-407-2263-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-407-2263-9"><bdi>978-90-407-2263-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grenzen+verkend%2C+Internationalisering+van+de+ruimtelijke+planning+in+de+Benelux&rft.place=Delft&rft.series=Stedelijke+en+Regionale+Verkenningen&rft.pages=383&rft.pub=DUP+Science%2C+Delft+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-90-407-2263-9&rft.au=de+Vries%2C+Jochem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdare.uva.nl%2Fdocument%2F31801&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+Diamond" class="Z3988"></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dare.uva.nl/en/record/194903">Dissertation, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>Inline references</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Flemish-Capital-regions-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Flemish-Capital-regions_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><div style="display:inline;">Note: The Flemish government has no authority on economical matters in the Brussels Capital Region, which with nearby Flemish municipalities (with industrial areas in the directions of the Brussels airport, which is located in Flanders, and of or at the small cities of Vilvoorde and <a href="/wiki/Asse" title="Asse">Asse</a>) (de Vries, 2002, p. 139), forms one of the major economic metropolitan areas of the 'Flemish' Diamond'. <ul><li>About constitutionally defined competences, see <a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium</a>.</li></ul> <p>Association of a fraction of the Walloon Region with the Brussels metropolitan area, by some sources, was contested by others. See e.g.:<br /> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVandenbussche,_Barbara" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vandenbussche, Barbara. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140202115256/http://www.dewereldmorgen.be/artikels/2010/09/02/waals-vlaamse-transfers-kaart-gebracht">"Waals-Vlaamse transfers in kaart gebracht ('Wallonian-Flemish transferts mapped')"</a> (in Dutch). DeWereldMorgen.be (news site), Brussels region, Belgium. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dewereldmorgen.be/artikels/2010/09/02/waals-vlaamse-transfers-kaart-gebracht">the original</a> on 2 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Waals-Vlaamse+transfers+in+kaart+gebracht+%28%27Wallonian-Flemish+transferts+mapped%27%29&rft.pub=DeWereldMorgen.be+%28news+site%29%2C+Brussels+region%2C+Belgium&rft.au=Vandenbussche%2C+Barbara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dewereldmorgen.be%2Fartikels%2F2010%2F09%2F02%2Fwaals-vlaamse-transfers-kaart-gebracht&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+Diamond" class="Z3988"></span><br /></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCantillon,_BeaDe_Blust,_SeppeVan_den_Heede,_Aaron2010" class="citation cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cantillon, Bea; De Blust, Seppe; Van den Heede, Aaron (July 2010). "2.1. Vlaams en Randstedelijk, de draagkracht van de sociale zekerheid". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/35273137/De-Geografie-Van-de-Sociale-Zekerheid-CSB-Juli-2010?query=vlaamse+ruit"><i>De geografie van de sociale zekerheid in België</i></a> (in Dutch). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Antwerp" title="University of Antwerp">University of Antwerp</a>. p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2011</span>. <q><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">De Vlaamse ruit wordt in dit bericht gedefinieerd vanuit een economisch-geografische realiteit. De Vlaamse ruit wordt gevormd door het gebied tussen de steden Brussel, Antwerpen, Gent en Leuven en hun forensen. Waals Brabant hoort zo grotendeels bij de Vlaamse ruit.</i></span> ('The Flemish Diamond is in this message defined from an economical-geographical reality. The Flemish Diamond is formed by the area between the cities of Brussels, Antwerp, Ghent, Leuven and their commuter suburbs. As such, Walloon Brabant for a large part belongs to the Flemish Diamond.')</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=2.1.+Vlaams+en+Randstedelijk%2C+de+draagkracht+van+de+sociale+zekerheid&rft.btitle=De+geografie+van+de+sociale+zekerheid+in+Belgi%C3%AB&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=University+of+Antwerp&rft.date=2010-07&rft.au=Cantillon%2C+Bea&rft.au=De+Blust%2C+Seppe&rft.au=Van+den+Heede%2C+Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F35273137%2FDe-Geografie-Van-de-Sociale-Zekerheid-CSB-Juli-2010%3Fquery%3Dvlaamse%2Bruit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+Diamond" class="Z3988"></span><br /></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMouton,_Alain2010" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mouton, Alain, ed. (20 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101027142511/http://trends.rnews.be/nl/economie/nieuws/beleid/kritiek-op-csb-studie-over-vlaams-waalse-transfers/article-1194799044484.htm">"Kritiek op CSB-studie over Vlaams-Waalse transfers"</a>. <i>Trends Weekly</i> (in Dutch). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trends.rnews.be/nl/economie/nieuws/beleid/kritiek-op-csb-studie-over-vlaams-waalse-transfers/article-1194799044484.htm">the original</a> on 27 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+Weekly&rft.atitle=Kritiek+op+CSB-studie+over+Vlaams-Waalse+transfers&rft.date=2010-08-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftrends.rnews.be%2Fnl%2Feconomie%2Fnieuws%2Fbeleid%2Fkritiek-op-csb-studie-over-vlaams-waalse-transfers%2Farticle-1194799044484.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+Diamond" class="Z3988"></span><br />Herman Deweerdt (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.akvsz.org">AK-VSZ</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201127015641/https://akvsz.org/">Archived</a> 27 November 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>): <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Het is zeker waar dat de Vlaamse ruit een centrum van economische activiteit is en dus een zeer belangrijke basis vormt voor de financiering van de sociale zekerheid, [m]aar voor de gelegenheid Brussel weglaten en er Waals-Brabant bijvoegen om dan te beweren dat het centrum van het land de rest financiert, is niet correct.</i></span> ('Surely the Flemish Diamond is a centre of economic activity and thus forms a base for social security financing, but for that occasion omitting Brussels and adding Walloon Brabant, for then posing that the country's centre is financing the remainder, is not correct.')</li></ul></div></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Wintjes_Cobbenhagen-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wintjes_Cobbenhagen_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWintjes,_RenéCobbenhagen,_Jan1999" class="citation journal cs1">Wintjes, René; Cobbenhagen, Jan (December 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merit.unu.edu/publications/rmpdf/1999/rm1999-033.pdf">"Flanders Language Valley; Industrial Districts and Localized Technological Change"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. MERIT, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maastricht" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Maastricht">University of Maastricht</a>, the Netherlands: 5<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2011</span>. <q>the economic and scientific core of Flanders: 'Vlaamse Ruit' (Gent, Antwerpen, Brussel, Leuven)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Flanders+Language+Valley%3B+Industrial+Districts+and+Localized+Technological+Change&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1999-12&rft.au=Wintjes%2C+Ren%C3%A9&rft.au=Cobbenhagen%2C+Jan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merit.unu.edu%2Fpublications%2Frmpdf%2F1999%2Frm1999-033.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+Diamond" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meijers-2007-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Meijers-2007_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeijers2007" class="citation book cs1">Meijers, Evert J. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UhMjzogIa_UC&dq=Flemish+Diamond&pg=PT62"><i>Synergy in Polycentric Urban Regions: Complementarity, Organising Capacity and Critical Mass</i></a>. IOS Press. p. 54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781586037246" title="Special:BookSources/9781586037246"><bdi>9781586037246</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Synergy+in+Polycentric+Urban+Regions%3A+Complementarity%2C+Organising+Capacity+and+Critical+Mass&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=IOS+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781586037246&rft.aulast=Meijers&rft.aufirst=Evert+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUhMjzogIa_UC%26dq%3DFlemish%2BDiamond%26pg%3DPT62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+Diamond" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCattan2007" class="citation book cs1">Cattan, Nadine (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XrfFv-IBWN4C"><i>Cities and Networks in Europe: A Critical Approach of Polycentrism</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782742009251" title="Special:BookSources/9782742009251"><bdi>9782742009251</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cities+and+Networks+in+Europe%3A+A+Critical+Approach+of+Polycentrism&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9782742009251&rft.aulast=Cattan&rft.aufirst=Nadine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXrfFv-IBWN4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+Diamond" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131109004834/https://www.brusselnieuws.be/nl/nieuws/uitgelicht-kosmopolis-naar-wens">"Uitgelicht: Kosmopolis naar wens"</a>. <i>Brusselnieuws (Brussel Deze Week)</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brusselnieuws.be/nl/nieuws/uitgelicht-kosmopolis-naar-wens">the original</a> on 9 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brusselnieuws+%28Brussel+Deze+Week%29&rft.atitle=Uitgelicht%3A+Kosmopolis+naar+wens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brusselnieuws.be%2Fnl%2Fnieuws%2Fuitgelicht-kosmopolis-naar-wens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+Diamond" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cantillon_De-Blust_Van-den-Heede_prosperity-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cantillon_De-Blust_Van-den-Heede_prosperity_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCantillon,_BeaDe_Blust,_SeppeVan_den_Heede,_Aaron2010" class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cantillon, Bea; De Blust, Seppe; Van den Heede, Aaron (July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/35273137/De-Geografie-Van-de-Sociale-Zekerheid-CSB-Juli-2010?query=vlaamse+ruit">"2.1. Vlaams en Randstedelijk, de draagkracht van de sociale zekerheid"</a>. De geografie van de sociale zekerheid in België (Report) (in Dutch). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Antwerp" title="University of Antwerp">University of Antwerp</a>. p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2011</span>. <q><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Een inwoner van het Vlaams Gewest verdient met een gemiddeld inkomen [...](een welvaartsindex van 106) beduidend meer dan een inwoner van het Waals Gewest ([...] 93,45) of het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest ([...] 85,53). [...] Voor de steden Gent, Antwerpen, Brussel en Leuven strekt dit hoger gemiddeld inkomen van de randgemeentes zich uit over heel de Vlaamse ruit.</i></span> ('An inhabitant of the Flemish Region earns with an average income [...] (a prosperity index of 106) significantly more than an inhabitant of the Walloon Region ([...] 93,45) or the Brussels Capital Region ([...] 85,53). [...] For the cities of Ghent, Antwerp, Brussels and Leuven this higher average income of the suburbs spreads over the entire Flemish Diamond.') [Base: Belgium is 100]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=De+geografie+van+de+sociale+zekerheid+in+Belgi%C3%AB&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=University+of+Antwerp&rft.date=2010-07&rft.au=Cantillon%2C+Bea&rft.au=De+Blust%2C+Seppe&rft.au=Van+den+Heede%2C+Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F35273137%2FDe-Geografie-Van-de-Sociale-Zekerheid-CSB-Juli-2010%3Fquery%3Dvlaamse%2Bruit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+Diamond" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vanhaverbeke-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vanhaverbeke_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vanhaverbeke_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVanhaverbeke,_Wim1998" class="citation journal cs1">Vanhaverbeke, Wim (1998). "An economic analysis of the Flemish Diamond". <i>European Planning Studies</i>. <b>6</b> (4): 425–442. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09654319808720472">10.1080/09654319808720472</a>. <q>Empirical evidence shows that the economic relations of the Diamond with its immediate environment (100–150 km) are very important for the latter and that the Diamond plays the role of a gateway to the European and global economy for regions in the immediate environment. Finally, there is strong empirical evidence that there exist intensive economic transactions between the Flemish Diamond, the Randstad and the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region that go way beyond their share in the GDP.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Planning+Studies&rft.atitle=An+economic+analysis+of+the+Flemish+Diamond&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=425-442&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09654319808720472&rft.au=Vanhaverbeke%2C+Wim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+Diamond" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KULAK-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KULAK_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Note:The campus at Kortrijk, offers the first two years in a number of disciplines, for some of which also a third year was announced in 2011. For higher levels or for other disciplines, one must go to a university outside the province – the <i>parent</i> at Leuven being one of the most remote in Flanders. See:<br /> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111003095126/http://www.kuleuven-kortrijk.be/nl/KULAK/folder_en.pdf">"Welcome to Campus Kortrijk of K.U.Leuven!"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Katholieke_Universiteit_Leuven_Campus_Kortrijk" class="mw-redirect" title="Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Campus Kortrijk">Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Campus Kortrijk</a> (KULAK). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kuleuven-kortrijk.be/nl/KULAK/folder_en.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+Campus+Kortrijk+of+K.U.Leuven%21&rft.pub=Katholieke+Universiteit+Leuven+Campus+Kortrijk+%28KULAK%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kuleuven-kortrijk.be%2Fnl%2FKULAK%2Ffolder_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+Diamond" class="Z3988"></span><br /></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111003095142/http://www.kuleuven-kortrijk.be/3debachelor">"Volledige bachelors aan Kulak ('Complete bachelors at Kulak')"</a> (in Dutch). <a href="/wiki/Katholieke_Universiteit_Leuven_Campus_Kortrijk" class="mw-redirect" title="Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Campus Kortrijk">Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Campus Kortrijk</a> (KULAK). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kuleuven-kortrijk.be/3debachelor">the original</a> on 3 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2011</span>. <q><i>[V]anaf [...] academiejaar (2011–2012) kan je voor bepaalde studierichtingen een jaar langer studeren in Kortrijk en er ook het bachelordiploma behalen. ('From academical year 2011–2012, for particular disciplines you can study a year longer at Kortrijk, and also obtain a bachelors degree there.')</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Volledige+bachelors+aan+Kulak+%28%27Complete+bachelors+at+Kulak%27%29&rft.pub=Katholieke+Universiteit+Leuven+Campus+Kortrijk+%28KULAK%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kuleuven-kortrijk.be%2F3debachelor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+Diamond" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Note: Universities relatively near the westernmost part of the West Flemish province, can also be found at <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a>, France, but offer no courses in the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">standard language of Flanders</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Flemish_Diamond&params=51_3_N_4_18_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°3′N</span> <span class="longitude">4°18′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.050°N 4.300°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.050; 4.300</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Flanders_topics" title="Template:Flanders topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Flanders_topics" title="Template talk:Flanders topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Flanders_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Flanders topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Flanders_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_Flanders.svg/23px-Flag_of_Flanders.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_Flanders.svg/35px-Flag_of_Flanders.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_Flanders.svg/45px-Flag_of_Flanders.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="627" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Modern Belgium</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Region" title="Flemish Region">Flemish Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Community" title="Flemish Community">Flemish Community</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Neighbouring and<br />historical regions</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margravate_of_Flanders" class="mw-redirect" title="Margravate of Flanders">Margravate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Flanders" title="French Flanders">French Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeelandic_Flanders" title="Zeelandic Flanders">Zeelandic Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_Flanders" title="Romance Flanders">Romance Flanders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Local regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Ardennes" title="Flemish Ardennes">Flemish Ardennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campine" title="Campine">Campine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denderstreek" title="Denderstreek">Denderstreek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hageland" title="Hageland">Hageland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesbaye" title="Hesbaye">Haspengouw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pajottenland" title="Pajottenland">Pajottenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meetjesland" title="Meetjesland">Meetjesland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westhoek_(region)" title="Westhoek (region)">Westhoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waasland" title="Waasland">Waasland</a></li> <li>...</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flemish_Community_in_Belgium_and_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flanders in Europe"><img alt="Flanders in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flemish_Community_in_Belgium_and_Europe.svg/200px-Flemish_Community_in_Belgium_and_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flemish_Community_in_Belgium_and_Europe.svg/300px-Flemish_Community_in_Belgium_and_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flemish_Community_in_Belgium_and_Europe.svg/400px-Flemish_Community_in_Belgium_and_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="520" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Flanders" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Flanders">Provinces</a><br /><span class="nobold">(and cities)</span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Flanders" title="West Flanders">West Flanders</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Flanders" title="East Flanders">East Flanders</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Ghent" title="Ghent">Ghent</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antwerp_Province" title="Antwerp Province">Antwerp</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Brabant" title="Flemish Brabant">Flemish Brabant</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Leuven" title="Leuven">Leuven</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limburg_(Belgium)" title="Limburg (Belgium)">Limburg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Hasselt" title="Hasselt">Hasselt</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_the_Flemish_Region" title="List of municipalities of the Flemish Region">List of municipalities</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Flemish Diamond</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Flanders" title="Politics of Flanders">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Belgian_elections" title="Template:Belgian elections">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Parliament" title="Flemish Parliament">Flemish Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Government" title="Flemish Government">Flemish Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Community_Commission" title="Flemish Community Commission">Community Commission (Brussels)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_Flanders" title="Political parties in Flanders">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister-President_of_Flanders" title="Minister-President of Flanders">Minister-President</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Symbols and<br /><a href="/wiki/History_of_Flanders" title="History of Flanders">history</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_Vlaamse_Leeuw" title="De Vlaamse Leeuw">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Flanders" title="Coat of arms of Flanders">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_the_Flemish_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of the Flemish Community">Day of the Flemish Community</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Golden_Spurs" title="Battle of the Golden Spurs">Guldensporenslag</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lion_of_Flanders_(novel)" title="The Lion of Flanders (novel)">De Leeuw van Vlaanderen</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Flanders" title="Flag of Flanders">Flag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Movement" title="Flemish Movement">Flemish Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_dialects" title="Flemish dialects">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_literature" title="Flemish literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_painting" title="Flemish painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_people" title="Flemish people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Flanders" title="Education in Flanders">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Flanders" title="Science and technology in Flanders">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Flanders" title="Transport in Flanders">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Flanders" title="Agriculture in Flanders">Agriculture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐565f7699fc‐dnp8v Cached time: 20241125150810 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.602 seconds Real time usage: 0.829 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1268/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 65423/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1635/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 61010/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.434/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 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