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</ul> </div> </div><div class="container_24">  <div class="grid_15 suffix_1"> <div class='article'> <div class='articleHead'> <div class='contacts'>Contact: <a href='mailto:skossman@bnl.gov'>Stephanie Kossman</a>, (631) 344-8671, or <a href='mailto:genzer@bnl.gov'>Peter Genzer</a>, (631) 344-3174</div><div class='shareOuter'><span class='shareLabel'>share:</span><a id='shareOnFacebookLink' class='socialShareLink' title='Share this article on Facebook' target='_blank' href='https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://www.bnl.gov/newsroom/news.php?a=116636'><span class='fa fa-facebook-square fa-2x'></span></a><a id='shareOnTwitterLink' class='socialShareLink' title='Share this article on X' target='_blank' href='https://twitter.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bnl.gov%2Fnewsroom%2Fnews.php%3Fa%3D116636&text=Brookhaven+Completes+LSST%26%23039%3Bs+Digital+Sensor+Array&via=BrookhavenLab'><i class='fa-brands fa-square-x-twitter fa-2x'></i></a><a id='shareOnLinkedInLink' class='socialShareLink' title='Share this article on LinkedIn' target='_blank' href='https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bnl.gov%2Fnewsroom%2Fnews.php%3Fa%3D116636&summary=Brookhaven%20Lab%20has%20finished%20constructing%20the%203.2%20gigapixel%20%26ldquo%3Bdigital%20film%26rdquo%3B%20for%20the%20world%26rsquo%3Bs%20largest%20camera%20for%20astronomy.&source=bnl.gov'><span class='fa fa-linkedin-square fa-2x'></span></a><a id='printFriendlyLink' title='print friendly version' target='_blank' href='http://www.bnl.gov/newsroom/print/friendly.php?a=116636'><span class='fa fa-print fa-2x'></span></a></div></div> <div class='articleBody'> <h2 id='headline'>Brookhaven Completes LSST's Digital Sensor Array</h2> <h3 class='subhead'>Brookhaven National Lab has finished constructing the 3.2 gigapixel "digital film" for the world's largest camera for cosmology, physics, and astronomy</h3> <p class='small dateLine'>August 19, 2019</p> <div class='image-100'> <a target='_blank' href='/today/body_pics/2019/08/48499087161_2c89cc6db2_o-hr.jpg'> <img onerror='this.src="/assets/global/images/unavailable-body-100.jpg";' src='/today/body_pics/2019/08/48499087161_2c89cc6db2_o-720px.jpg' style='border-width:0px;' alt='SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory' /> </a> <a class='enlargeLink' title='View larger image' target='_blank' href='/today/body_pics/2019/08/48499087161_2c89cc6db2_o-HR.jpg'> <span class='fa fa-search-plus fa-lg'></span>enlarge</a> <p> SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory installs the first of Brookhaven's 21 rafts that make up LSST's digital sensor array. Photo courtesy SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory.</p> </div> <p>UPTON, NY—After 16 years of dedicated planning and engineering, scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Brookhaven National Laboratory have completed a 3.2 gigapixel sensor array for the camera that will be used in the <a href="https://www.bnl.gov/LSST/">Large Synoptic Survey Telescope</a> (LSST), a massive telescope that will observe the universe like never before.</p> <p>“This is the biggest charge-coupled device (CCD) array that has ever been built,” said Paul O’Connor, senior scientist at Brookhaven Lab’s instrumentation division. “It’s three billion pixels. No telescope has ever put this many sensors into one camera.”</p> <p>The digital sensor array is composed of about 200 16-megapixel sensors, divided into 21 modules called “rafts.” Each raft can function on its own, but when combined, they will view an area of sky that can fit more than 40 full moons in a single image. Researchers will stitch these images together to create a time-lapse movie of the complete visible universe accessible from Chile.</p> <p>Currently under construction on a mountaintop in Chile, LSST is designed to capture the most complete images of our universe that have ever been achieved. The project to build the telescope facility and camera is a collaborative effort among more than 30 institutions from around the world, and it is primarily funded by DOE’s Office of Science and the National Science Foundation. DOE’s <a href="https://lsst.slac.stanford.edu/" target="_blank">SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory</a> is leading the overall effort to construct the camera—the world’s largest camera for astronomy—while Brookhaven led the design, construction, and qualification of the digital sensor array—the “digital film” for the camera.</p> <p>“It’s the heart of the camera,” said Bill Wahl, science raft subsystem manager of the LSST project at Brookhaven Lab. “What we’ve done here at Brookhaven represents years of great work by many talented scientists, engineers, and technicians. Their work will lead to a collection of images that has never been seen before by anyone. It’s an exciting time for the project and for the Lab.”</p> <div class='image-100'> <a target='_blank' href='/today/body_pics/2019/08/d2600819-hr.jpg'> <img onerror='this.src="/assets/global/images/unavailable-body-100.jpg";' src='/today/body_pics/2019/08/D2600819-720px.jpg' style='border-width:0px;' alt='Members of the LSST project team' /> </a> <a class='enlargeLink' title='View larger image' target='_blank' href='/today/body_pics/2019/08/D2600819-HR.jpg'> <span class='fa fa-search-plus fa-lg'></span>enlarge</a> <p> Members of the LSST project team at Brookhaven Lab are shown with a prototype raft cryostat. In addition to the rafts, Brookhaven scientists designed and built the cryostats that hold and cool the rafts to -100° Celsius. Pictured from left to right are Sean Robinson, Michael Keach, Matthew Rumore, Gabriella Carini, Steven Andrade, Colleen Michael, Veljko Radeka, Wendy Morrin, Bill Wahl, Phil Kuczewski, HyeYun Park, Ivan Kotov, Andrei Nomerotski, Justine Haupt, Alfred Dellapenna, Connor Miraval, Sven Herrmann, Brian Walsh, Steve Bellavia, Paul Stankus, and Paul O'Connor. Team members not pictured include Peter Takacs, Michelle McQueen, John Kuczewski, Steve Plate, Paul Palecek, Rebecca Coles, Jason Farrell, Raj Gutta, Elliott Golnar, Anze Slozar, Don Elliott, Ron Angona, August Hoffman, David Asner, Graham Smith, and Kurt Vetter.</p> </div> <p>Brookhaven began its LSST research and development program in 2003, with construction of the digital sensor array starting in 2014. In the time leading up to construction, Brookhaven designed and fabricated the assembly and test equipment for the science rafts used both at Brookhaven and SLAC. The Laboratory also created an entire automated production facility and cleanroom, along with production and tracking software.</p> <p>“We made sure to automate as much of the production facility as possible,” O’Connor said. “Testing a single raft could take up to three days. We were working on a tight schedule, so we had our automated facility running 24/7. Of course, out of a concern for safety, we always had someone monitoring the facility throughout the day and night.”</p> <p>Constructing the complex sensor array, which operates in a vacuum and must be cooled to -100° Celsius, is a challenge on its own. But the Brookhaven team was also tasked with testing each fully assembled raft, as well as individual sensors and electronics. Once each raft was complete, it needed to be carefully packaged in a protective environment to be safely shipped across the country to SLAC.</p> <p>The LSST team at Brookhaven <a href="https://www.bnl.gov/newsroom/news.php?a=112292">completed the first raft</a> in 2017. But soon after, they were presented with a new challenge.</p> <p>“We later discovered that design features inadvertently led to the possibility that electrical wires in the rafts could get shorted out,” O’Connor said. “The rate at which this effect was impacting the rafts was only on the order of 0.2%, but to avoid any possibility of degradation, we went through the trouble of refitting almost every raft.”</p> <p>Now, just two years after the start of raft production, the team has successfully built and shipped the final raft to SLAC for integration into the camera. This marks the end of a 16-year project at Brookhaven, which will be followed by many years of astronomical observation.</p> <p>Many of the talented team members recruited to Brookhaven for the LSST project were young engineers and technicians hired right out of graduate school. Now, they’ve all been assigned to ongoing physics projects at the Lab, such as upgrading the PHENIX detector at the <a href="https://www.bnl.gov/rhic/">Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider</a>—a DOE Office of Science User Facility for nuclear physics research—to sPHENIX, as well as ongoing work with the <a href="https://www.bnl.gov/ATLAS/">ATLAS detector</a> at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider. Brookhaven is the U.S. host laboratory for the ATLAS collaboration</p> <p>“Brookhaven’s role in the LSST camera project afforded new and exciting opportunities for engineers, technicians, and scientists in electro-optics, where very demanding specifications must be met,” Wahl said. “The multi-disciplined team we assembled did an excellent job achieving design objectives and I am proud of our time together. Watching junior engineers and scientists grow into very capable team members was extremely rewarding.”</p> <p>Brookhaven Lab will continue to play a strong role in LSST going forward. As the telescope undergoes its commissioning phase, Brookhaven scientists will serve as experts on the digital sensor array in the camera. They will also provide support during LSST’s operations, which are projected to begin in 2022.</p> <div class='image-100'> <a target='_blank' href='/today/body_pics/2019/08/48499080426_86ec2cb115_o-hr.jpg'> <img onerror='this.src="/assets/global/images/unavailable-body-100.jpg";' src='/today/body_pics/2019/08/48499080426_86ec2cb115_o-720px.jpg' style='border-width:0px;' alt='SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory' /> </a> <a class='enlargeLink' title='View larger image' target='_blank' href='/today/body_pics/2019/08/48499080426_86ec2cb115_o-HR.jpg'> <span class='fa fa-search-plus fa-lg'></span>enlarge</a> <p> SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory installs the first of Brookhaven's 21 rafts that make up LSST's digital sensor array. Photo courtesy SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory.</p> </div> <p>“The commissioning of such a complex camera will be an exciting and challenging endeavor,” said Brookhaven physicist Andrei Nomerotski, who is leading Brookhaven’s contributions to the commissioning and operation phases of the LSST project. “After years of using artificial signal sources for the sensor characterization, we are looking forward to seeing real stars and galaxies in the LSST CCDs.”</p> <p>Once operational in the Andes Mountains, LSST will serve nearly every subset of the astrophysics community. Perhaps most importantly, LSST will enable scientists to investigate dark energy and dark matter—two puzzles that have baffled physicists for decades. It is also estimated that LSST will find millions of asteroids in our solar system, in addition to offering new information about the creation of our galaxy. The images captured by LSST will be made available to physicists and astronomers in the U.S. and Chile immediately, making LSST one of the most advanced and accessible cosmology experiments ever created. Over time, the data will be made available to the public worldwide.</p> <p><em>Brookhaven National Laboratory is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science. The Office of Science is the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States and is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time. For more information, visit <a href="https://energy.gov/science" target="_blank">https://energy.gov/science</a>.</em></p> <p><em>Follow @BrookhavenLab on <a href="http://twitter.com/BrookhavenLab" target="_blank">Twitter</a> or find us on <a href="http://www.facebook.com/BrookhavenLab/" target="_blank">Facebook</a>.</em></p><div id='relatedLinks'> <h3>Related Links</h3> <ul class='relatedLinksList'> <li><a href='https://www.bnl.gov/LSST/'>Brookhaven and the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.bnl.gov/newsroom/news.php?a=112292'>Feature Story: "Brookhaven Lab Reaches Major Milestone for Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Project"</a></li> <li><a target='_blank' href='https://www.lsst.org/'>The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Website</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id='keywords'> Tags: <span class='keywordsTypeContainer topicKeywordsContainer'><a class='small button' href='https://www.bnl.gov/newsroom/tags/tags.php?tag=cosmology'>cosmology</a><a class='small button' href='https://www.bnl.gov/newsroom/tags/tags.php?tag=instrumentation'>instrumentation</a><a class='small button' href='https://www.bnl.gov/newsroom/tags/tags.php?tag=LSST'>LSST</a></span></div><p id='MedComID' class='small'> 2019-16636  |  INT/EXT  |  <a href='https://www.bnl.gov/newsroom/'>Newsroom</a> </p> </div> </div> <script async src='https://embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js'></script> <script async src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js'></script> </div> <div class="grid_8"> <div class="sidebar white"> <a class="extrasmall button head" href="https://www.bnl.gov/newsroom/">See All</a> <h2>Other Articles...</h2> <ul class='articleSummaries'> <li class=''><a target='_top' href='https://www.bnl.gov/newsroom/news.php?a=222210'><div class='thumbnail'><img onerror='this.src="/assets/global/images/unavailable-minipic.jpg";' src='/today/intra_pics/2024/11/cesarottti-550px.jpg' alt='Cari Cesarotti' /></div> <h3>Cari Cesarotti Receives 2024 Leona Woods Lectureship Award</h3> <p class='date'>Wednesday, November 27, 2024</p> </a> <div class='clear'></div> <li class=''><a target='_top' href='https://www.bnl.gov/newsroom/news.php?a=122213'><div class='thumbnail'><img onerror='this.src="/assets/global/images/unavailable-minipic.jpg";' src='/today/intra_pics/2024/11/johnson-550px.jpg' alt='Christopher Johnson' /></div> <h3>A New Era for Batteries: Argonne Leads $50M Sodium-Ion Innovation Push</h3> <p class='date'>Monday, November 25, 2024</p> </a> <div class='clear'></div> <li class=''><a target='_top' href='https://www.bnl.gov/newsroom/news.php?a=122203'><div class='thumbnail'><img onerror='this.src="/assets/global/images/unavailable-minipic.jpg";' src='/today/intra_pics/2024/11/acs-nano-cover-final-550px.jpg' alt='ACS Journal Cover' /></div> <h3>New Catalyst Recycles Methane Emissions at Room Temperature</h3> <p class='date'>Thursday, November 21, 2024</p> </a> <div class='clear'></div> <li class=''><a target='_top' href='https://www.bnl.gov/newsroom/news.php?a=122143'><div class='thumbnail'><img onerror='this.src="/assets/global/images/unavailable-minipic.jpg";' src='/today/intra_pics/2024/11/laser_beam_shadow-550px.jpg' alt='Rubidium transition' /></div> <h3>Scientists Discover Laser Light Can Cast a Shadow</h3> <p class='date'>Tuesday, November 19, 2024</p> </a> <div class='clear'></div> <li class=''><a target='_top' href='https://www.bnl.gov/newsroom/news.php?a=122186'><div class='thumbnail'><img onerror='this.src="/assets/global/images/unavailable-minipic.jpg";' src='/today/intra_pics/2024/11/snapedit_1731680901140-550px.jpg' alt='Illustration of a green laser passing through a ruby' /></div> <h3>uOttawa Physicists Make Laser Cast a Shadow</h3> <p class='date'>Tuesday, November 19, 2024</p> </a> <div class='clear'></div> </ul> </div> <div class="sidebar" id="aboutBNLsidebar"> <h2>Brookhaven National Laboratory</h2> <p>Brookhaven National Laboratory is a multipurpose research institution funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. 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