<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//Dtd HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-9H47X4K6P6"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-9H47X4K6P6'); </script> <link href="/css/style.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet">  </head> <div id="header"> <body bgcolor="#ffffff" leftmargin=0 topmargin=0 marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" >  <table width="915" cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0> <tr><td colspan=8 > <table cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 width="100%" border=0> <TR> <td rowspan=2 colspan=8 valign=middle align="left"> <DIV style=" padding: 5px 5px 5px 5px;vertical-align: middle;"> <DIV style="float:left; display:table-cell; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; padding: 10px 20px 5px 5px;"> <a href="/" target="_top"><img src="/images/logos/Panther_logo.jpg" ></a> </DIV> <p style="overflow:hidden;font-size:14px">The mission of the PANTHER knowledgebase is to support biomedical and other research by providing<BR> <b>comprehensive information about the evolution of protein-coding gene families</b>, particularly<BR> protein phylogeny, function and genetic variation impacting that function. <a href="/about.jsp">Learn more</a></p> </DIV> </td> </TR> </table> </td> </tr> <TR> <TD align = "left"><div><b>PANTHER19.0 Released. <a href="/news/news20240620.jsp"> Click</a> for more details.</b></div></TD> </TR> <TR><TD> </TD></TR> <TR> <TD colspan=8 bgcolor="#F0F2F5" valign=middle align="left" > <form name="quicksearch" method=GET onSubmit="javascript:submitQuickSearch();"> <input type="hidden" name="searchType" value="basic"> <input type="hidden" name="fieldName" value="all"> <input type="hidden" name="organism" value="all"> <table align="left" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" height="100%"> <tr> <td nowrap height=25><input type="text" name="fieldValue" placeholder="search keyword" size=25 style="font-size:14px;" autofocus></td> <td height=25> <select name="listType" style="font-size:14px;width:40"> <option selected value="-1">All</option> <option value="1">Genes and orthologs</option> <option value="8">Pathways</option> <option value="6">PANTHER families</option> <option value="5">Ontology terms</option> </select> </td> <td> <a class="buttonblueexactsize" name="gobutton" href="javascript:submitQuickSearch();" style="font-size:14px">Go</a></td> </tr> </table> </form> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD colspan=5 bgcolor="#748CAD" height=25 align="left"> <TABLE cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 height="100%" > <TR> <td bgcolor="#B8C6D8" width=1><img width=1 src="/images/spacer.gif"></TD> <TD nowrap class=headerTabs><A href="/" target="_top">  Home  </A></TD> <TD bgcolor="#B8C6D8" width=1><img width=1 src="/images/spacer.gif"></TD> <TD nowrap class=headerTabs><a href="/about.jsp" target="_top">  About  </A> </TD> <TD bgcolor="#B8C6D8" width=1><img width=1 src="/images/spacer.gif"></TD> <TD nowrap class=headerTabsSelected><a href="/data/" target="_top">  Data Version  </A> </TD> <TD bgcolor="#B8C6D8" width=1><img width=1 src="/images/spacer.gif"></TD> <TD nowrap class=headerTabs><a href="/tools/index.jsp" target="_top">  Tools  </A> </TD> <TD bgcolor="#B8C6D8" width=1><img width=1 src="/images/spacer.gif"></TD> <TD nowrap class=headerTabs><a href="/services/index.jsp" target="_top">  API/Services  </A> </TD> <TD bgcolor="#B8C6D8" width=1><img width=1 src="/images/spacer.gif"></TD> <TD nowrap class=headerTabs><a href="/publications.jsp" target="_top">  Publications  </A> </TD> <TD bgcolor="#B8C6D8" width=1><img width=1 src="/images/spacer.gif"></TD> <TD nowrap class=headerTabs><a href="/workspace/" target="_top">  Workspace  </A> </TD> <TD bgcolor="#B8C6D8" width=1><img width=1 src="/images/spacer.gif"></TD> <TD nowrap class=headerTabs><a href="/downloads/index.jsp" target="_top">  Downloads  </A> </TD> <TD bgcolor="#B8C6D8" width=1><img width=1 src="/images/spacer.gif"></TD> <TD nowrap class=headerTabs><a href="/help/PANTHERhelp.jsp" target="_top">  FAQ/Help/Tutorial  </A> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> </TD> <TD colspan=3 bgcolor="#748CAD" height=25 align="right"> <TABLE cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 height="100%"> <TR> <TD bgcolor="#B8C6D8" width=1><img width=1 src="/images/spacer.gif"></TD> <TD nowrap class=HeaderTabs><A href="/loginRequired.jsp?access=true" target="_top">  Login  </A> </TD> <TD bgcolor="#B8C6D8" width=1><img width=1 src="/images/spacer.gif"></TD> <TD nowrap class=HeaderTabs><A href="/registration.jsp" target="_top">  Register  </A> </TD> <TD bgcolor="#B8C6D8" width=1><img width=1 src="/images/spacer.gif"></TD> <TD nowrap class=HeaderTabs><a target="_top" href="/feedback.jsp">  Contact us  </A> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD colspan=8 bgcolor="#E9EDF2" height=19><TABLE cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 height="100%"> <TR> <TD class="subHeader" align="center">  <A href="/genes/index.jsp?">Genes & Orthologs</A>  </TD> <TD width=5><img src="/images/header/divider.gif" border="0"></TD> <TD class="subHeader" align="center">  <A href="/panther/">Family & HMMs</A>  </TD> <TD width=5><img src="/images/header/divider.gif" border="0"></TD> <TD class="subHeader" align="center">  <A href="/pathway/">Pathway</A>  </TD> <TD width=5><img src="/images/header/divider.gif" border="0"></TD> <TD class="subHeader" align="center">  <A href="/panther/ontologies.jsp?">Ontologies</A>  </TD> <TD width=5><img src="/images/header/divider.gif" border="0"></TD>  </TR> </TABLE> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD height=1 colspan=8 bgcolor="#B8C6D8"><img height=1 src="/images/spacer.gif"></TD> </TR> </table> <table width="915" cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="100%" border=0> <TR> <TD> </TD>   <TD align = "right" class="formLabel"> Current Release: <a href="/news/news20240620.jsp"><b>PANTHER 19.0</a></b>  |  <b><a href="/panther/index.jsp">15,683</a></b> family phylogenetic trees  |  <b><a href="/panther/summaryStats.jsp">144</a></b> species  |  <a href="/news/news20240620.jsp">News</a>  <br><A href="/servlet/GenomeFunctionChartServlet?chartType=1&listType=1&annotType=5&species=Homo sapiens">Whole genome function views</A>   </TD> </TR> </table> </div>   <div id="mainBody">  <table cellpadding=0 border=0 width="900"> <tr> <td valign="top"> <div> <div style="float:right"> <img src="/images/tree.jpg" style="border: 3px solid #303f52; padding:5px;" align="left"> </div> <div style="text-align: left"> <div class="header1">GENE FAMILIES, PHYLOGENETIC TREES, HMMs</div> <p>PANTHER version 19.0 contains 15683 protein families, each with a phylogenetic tree relating modern-day genes in 144 organisms.<BR><BR> Phylogenetic trees also infer the evolutionary events that occurred, namely speciation (green nodes) and gene duplication events (orange nodes). Horizontal transfer events are not inferred in this version of PANTHER, but will appear in future versions.<BR><BR> Expert biologists have divided each family into subfamilies, which are generally orthologous groups but may also contain recently duplicated paralogs. Each family and subfamily is also represented as a hidden Markov model (HMM), which can be used to classify new sequences to an existing subfamily.</p> </div> </div> </td> </tr> <TR> <TD align="center" colspan=3><br> <img src="/images/structure/groove_dn.gif" width=200></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD colspan=3 valign="top" style="padding-left:25px"> <ul> <li class="orange"><A href="/panther/globalSearch.jsp?cust=Fam">Search for PANTHER families, trees and HMMs.</A></li> <li class="orange"><A href="/panther/prowler.jsp">Browse families and subfamilies by classifications.</A></li> <li class="orange"><A href="/tools/sequenceSearchForm.jsp">Interactively graft or score a new sequence against PANTHER HMMs.</A></li> <li class="orange"><A href="/downloads/">Download software to score many sequences against PANTHER HMMs.</A></li> </ul> </td> </tr> </table>   </div>  <div id="footer"> <table width="915" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td align="center"> <span class="legal"> <DIV style=" padding: 0px 5px 0px 5px;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"> <a href="/about.jsp">About</a>   |   <a href="/releaseInfo.jsp">Release Information</a>   |   <a href="/feedback.jsp">Contact Us</a>   |   <a href="/systemRequirements.jsp">System Requirements</a>   |   <a href="/terms/privacyPolicy.jsp">Privacy Policy</a>   |   <a href="/terms/disclaimer.jsp">Disclaimer</a>     <a href="http://geneontology.org/" target="_top"><img src="/images/logos/go-logo.mini.png" border=0 style="padding: 0px 5px 0px 5px;vertical-align: middle;border:0px"></a> <a href="https://globalbiodata.org/scientific-activities/global-core-biodata-resources" target="_top"><img src="/images/logos/GCBR-Logo-RGB.svg" border=0 width="94px" height="40px" style="vertical-align: middle;border:0px"></a> </DIV> </span> </td> </TR> <TR> <td align="center"> <span class="legal"> © Copyright 2024 Paul Thomas All Rights Reserved.</span> </td> </TR> </table> <br>  </td></tr></table> <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript"> if (null === window.name || undefined === window.name) { window.name="panthermain"; } </script> <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript" src="/js/popout_window.js"></script> <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript" src="/js/cookie.js"></script> <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript" src="/js/pubPantherCommon.js"></script> <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript" src="/js/pathway.js"></script> <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript" src="/js/quicksearch.js"></script> <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript" src="/js/registration.js"></script> <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript" src="/js/subscription.js"></script> </div>  </body> </html>

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