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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("http://php.net/docs.php","20130115033808","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1358221088"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <title>PHP: Documentation</title> <style type="text/css" media="all"> @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20130115033808cs_/http://static.php.net/www.php.net/styles/site.css"); @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20130115033808cs_/http://static.php.net/www.php.net/styles/phpnet.css"); </style>  <style type="text/css" media="print"> @import url("https://web.archive.org/web/20130115033808cs_/http://static.php.net/www.php.net/styles/print.css"); </style>  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130115033808im_/http://static.php.net/www.php.net/favicon.ico"/> <link rel="canonical" href="//web.archive.org/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/docs.php"/> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130115033808js_/http://static.php.net/www.php.net/userprefs.js"></script> <base href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/docs.php"/> </head> <body> <div id="headnav"> <a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/" rel="home"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130115033808im_/http://static.php.net/www.php.net/images/php.gif" alt="PHP" width="120" height="67" id="phplogo"/></a> <div id="headmenu"> <a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/downloads.php">downloads</a> | <a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/docs.php">documentation</a> | <a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/FAQ.php">faq</a> | <a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/support.php">getting help</a> | <a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/mailing-lists.php">mailing lists</a> | <a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/license">licenses</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130115033808/https://wiki.php.net/">wiki</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130115033808/https://bugs.php.net/">reporting bugs</a> | <a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/sites.php">php.net sites</a> | <a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/conferences/">conferences</a> | <a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/my.php">my php.net</a> </div> </div> <div id="headsearch"> <form method="post" action="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/search.php" id="topsearch"> <p> <span title="Keyboard shortcut: Alt+S (Win), Ctrl+S (Apple)"> <span class="shortkey">s</span>earch for </span> <input type="text" name="pattern" value="" size="30" accesskey="s"/> <span>in the</span> <select name="show"> <option value="all">all php.net sites</option> <option value="local">this mirror only</option> <option value="quickref" selected="selected">function list</option> <option value="manual">online documentation</option> <option value="bugdb">bug database</option> <option value="news_archive">Site News Archive</option> <option value="changelogs">All Changelogs</option> <option value="pear">just pear.php.net</option> <option value="pecl">just pecl.php.net</option> <option value="talks">just talks.php.net</option> <option value="maillist">general mailing list</option> <option value="devlist">developer mailing list</option> <option value="phpdoc">documentation mailing list</option> </select> <input type="image" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130115033808im_/http://static.php.net/www.php.net/images/small_submit_white.gif" class="submit" alt="search"/> </p> </form> </div> <div id="layout_2"> <div id="leftbar"> <h3>FAQ</h3> <p> The <a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/FAQ.php">PHP FAQ</a> is your first stop for general information and those questions that seem to be on most people's minds. If you have licensing questions, see the separate <a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/license/">License FAQ</a>. </p> <h3>Changelog</h3> <p> You can also find the <a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/ChangeLog-4.php">PHP 4 Changelog</a> or the <a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/ChangeLog-5.php">PHP 5 Changelog</a> useful, if you would like to look up changes between various versions of PHP. </p> <h3>Books</h3> <p> There are literally thousands of books available in English and numerous other languages. You can easily search at <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130115033808/http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/external-search?mode=books&keyword=PHP&tag=wwwphpnet">Amazon.com</a>, or go directly to <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130115033808/http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/redirect-home/wwwphpnet07">Amazon.de</a> or <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130115033808/http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/redirect-home/wwwphpnet0f">Amazon.fr</a> and search there. </p> </div> <div id="content" class="."> <h1>Documentation</h1> <p> The PHP Manual is available online in a selection of languages. Please pick a language from the list below. </p> <p> You can learn how to integrate our online manual with various tools, including your web browser, on our <a href="tips.php">quick reference tips</a> page. You can also get more information about php.net URL shortcuts by visiting our <a href="urlhowto.php">URL howto page</a>. </p> <p> Note, that many languages are just under translation, and the untranslated parts are still in English. Also some translated parts might be outdated. The translation teams are open to contributions. </p> <table border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="2" class="standard"> <tr> <th>Formats</th> <th>Destinations</th> </tr> <tr> <th class="sub">View Online</th> <td> <a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/manual/en/">English</a>, <a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/manual/pt_BR/">Brazilian Portuguese</a>, <a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/manual/zh/">Chinese (Simplified)</a>, <a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/manual/fr/">French</a>, <strong><a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/manual/de/">German</a>, </strong><a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/manual/it/">Italian</a>, <a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/manual/ja/">Japanese</a>, <a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/manual/pl/">Polish</a>, <a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/manual/ro/">Romanian</a>, <a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/manual/ru/">Russian</a>, <a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/manual/fa/">Persian</a>, <a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/manual/es/">Spanish</a>, <a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/manual/tr/">Turkish</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th class="sub">Downloads</th> <td> For downloadable formats, please visit our <a href="download-docs.php">documentation downloads</a> page. </td> </tr> </table> <h2>More documentation</h2> <ul> <li> If you are interested in how the documentation is edited and translated, you should read the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130115033808/https://wiki.php.net/doc/howto">Documentation HOWTO</a>. </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130115033808/http://gtk.php.net/docs.php">PHP-GTK related documentation</a> is hosted on the PHP-GTK website. </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130115033808/http://pear.php.net/manual/">Documentation of PEAR and the various packages</a> can be found on a separate server. </li> <li> You can still read a copy of the original <a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/manual/phpfi2.php">PHP/FI 2.0 Manual</a> on our site, which we only host for historical purposes. The same applies to the <a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/manual/php3.php">PHP 3 Manual</a>. </li> </ul> </div> <div class="cleaner"> </div> </div> <div id="footnav"> <a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/source.php?url=/docs.php">show source</a> | <a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/credits.php">credits</a> | <a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/stats/">stats</a> | <a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/sitemap.php">sitemap</a> | <a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/contact.php">contact</a> | <a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/contact.php#ads">advertising</a> | <a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/mirrors.php">mirror sites</a> </div> <div id="pagefooter"> <div id="copyright"> <a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/copyright.php">Copyright © 2001-2013 The PHP Group</a><br/> All rights reserved. </div> <div id="thismirror"> <a href="/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/mirror.php">This unofficial mirror</a> is operated at: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130115033808/http://php.net/">http://php.net/</a><br/> Last updated: Mon Jan 14 19:21:03 2013 PST </div> </div>  </body> </html>