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PHP: Manuel PHP - Manual

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vcard"><strong class="by">par</strong>:<br/> <span class="personname fn"> <span class="firstname given-name">Mehdi</span> <span class="surname family-name">Achour</span> </span> </div> <div class="author vcard"> <span class="personname fn"> <span class="firstname given-name">Friedhelm</span> <span class="surname family-name">Betz</span> </span> </div> <div class="author vcard"> <span class="personname fn"> <span class="firstname given-name">Antony</span> <span class="surname family-name">Dovgal</span> </span> </div> <div class="author vcard"> <span class="personname fn"> <span class="firstname given-name">Nuno</span> <span class="surname family-name">Lopes</span> </span> </div> <div class="author vcard"> <span class="personname fn"> <span class="firstname given-name">Hannes</span> <span class="surname family-name">Magnusson</span> </span> </div> <div class="author vcard"> <span class="personname fn"> <span class="firstname given-name">Georg</span> <span class="surname family-name">Richter</span> </span> </div> <div class="author vcard"> <span class="personname fn"> <span class="firstname given-name">Damien</span> <span class="surname family-name">Seguy</span> </span> </div> <div class="author vcard"> <span class="personname fn"> <span class="firstname given-name">Jakub</span> <span class="surname family-name">Vrana</span> </span> </div> <div class="othercredit"> <span class="personname fn"> <span class="othername"> <a href="preface.php#contributors" class="link">Et bien d&#039;autres</a> </span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="pubdate">2013-01-04</div> <div class="authorgroup" id="editors"> <div class="editor vcard"><strong class="editedby">Édité par</strong>: <span class="personname fn"> <span class="firstname given-name">Philip</span> <span class="surname family-name">Olson</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="authorgroup" id="translators"> <div class="author vcard"><strong class="by">par</strong>:<br/> <span class="personname fn"> <span class="firstname given-name">Frédéric</span> <span class="surname family-name">Blanc</span> <span class="honorific">Traducteur</span> </span> </div> <div class="author vcard"> <span class="personname fn"> <span class="firstname given-name">Vincent</span> <span class="surname family-name">Blanchon</span> <span class="honorific">Traducteur</span> </span> </div> <div class="author vcard"> <span class="personname fn"> <span class="firstname given-name">Pierrick</span> <span class="surname family-name">Charron</span> <span class="honorific">Traducteur</span> </span> </div> <div class="author vcard"> <span class="personname fn"> <span class="firstname given-name">Julien</span> <span class="surname family-name">Pauli</span> <span class="honorific">Traducteur</span> </span> </div> <div class="author vcard"> <span class="personname fn"> <span class="firstname given-name">Mickaël</span> <span class="surname family-name">Perraud</span> <span class="honorific">Relecteur</span> </span> </div> <div class="author vcard"> <span class="personname fn"> <span class="firstname given-name">Guillaume</span> <span class="surname family-name">Plessis</span> <span class="honorific">Traducteur</span> </span> </div> <div class="author vcard"> <span class="personname fn"> <span class="firstname given-name">Yannick</span> <span class="surname family-name">Torrès</span> <span class="honorific">Traducteur</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="authorgroup" id="translators.old"> <div class="author vcard"><strong class="by">par</strong>:<br/> <span class="personname fn"> <span class="firstname given-name">Mehdi</span> <span class="surname family-name">Achour</span> </span> </div> <div class="author vcard"> <span class="personname fn"> <span class="firstname given-name">Vincent</span> <span class="surname family-name">Briet</span> </span> </div> <div class="author vcard"> <span class="personname fn"> <span class="firstname given-name">Jean-Sébastien</span> <span class="surname family-name">Goupil</span> </span> </div> <div class="author vcard"> <span class="personname fn"> <span class="firstname given-name">David</span> <span class="surname family-name">Manusset</span> </span> </div> <div class="author vcard"> <span class="personname fn"> <span class="firstname given-name">Damien</span> <span class="surname family-name">Seguy</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="copyright">&copy; <span class="year">1997-2013</span> <span class="holder">PHP Documentation Group</span> </div> </div> <ul class="chunklist chunklist_set"><li><a href="copyright.php">Copyright</a></li><li><a href="manual.php">Manuel PHP</a><ul class="chunklist chunklist_set chunklist_children"><li><a href="preface.php">Pr&eacute;face</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="getting-started.php">Au moment de commencer</a><ul class="chunklist chunklist_set chunklist_children"><li><a href="introduction.php">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="tutorial.php">Une introduction &agrave; PHP</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="install.php">Installation et configuration</a><ul class="chunklist chunklist_set chunklist_children"><li><a href="install.general.php">Consid&eacute;rations g&eacute;n&eacute;rales sur l'installation</a></li><li><a href="install.unix.php">Installation sur les syst&egrave;mes UNIX</a></li><li><a href="install.macosx.php">Installation sur un syst&egrave;me Mac OS X</a></li><li><a href="install.windows.php">Installation sur les syst&egrave;me Windows</a></li><li><a href="install.cloud.php">Installation sur des plateformes de Cloud Computing</a></li><li><a href="install.fpm.php">FastCGI Process Manager (FPM)</a></li><li><a href="install.pecl.php">Installation d'extensions PECL</a></li><li><a href="install.problems.php">Des probl&egrave;mes ?</a></li><li><a href="configuration.php">Configuration &agrave; l'ex&eacute;cution</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="langref.php">R&eacute;f&eacute;rence du langage</a><ul class="chunklist chunklist_set chunklist_children"><li><a href="language.basic-syntax.php">La syntaxe de base</a></li><li><a href="language.types.php">Les types</a></li><li><a href="language.variables.php">Les variables</a></li><li><a href="language.constants.php">Les constantes</a></li><li><a href="language.expressions.php">Les expressions</a></li><li><a href="language.operators.php">Les op&eacute;rateurs</a></li><li><a href="language.control-structures.php">Les structures de contr&ocirc;le</a></li><li><a href="language.functions.php">Les fonctions</a></li><li><a href="language.oop5.php">Les classes et les objets</a></li><li><a href="language.namespaces.php">Les espaces de noms</a></li><li><a href="language.exceptions.php">Les exceptions</a></li><li><a href="language.generators.php">Generators</a></li><li><a href="language.references.php">Les r&eacute;f&eacute;rences</a></li><li><a href="reserved.variables.php">Variables pr&eacute;d&eacute;finies</a></li><li><a href="reserved.exceptions.php">Exceptions pr&eacute;d&eacute;finies</a></li><li><a href="reserved.interfaces.php">Interfaces pr&eacute;d&eacute;finies</a></li><li><a href="context.php">Options et param&egrave;tres de contexte</a></li><li><a href="wrappers.php">Liste des protocoles et des gestionnaires support&eacute;s</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="security.php">S&eacute;curit&eacute;</a><ul class="chunklist chunklist_set chunklist_children"><li><a href="security.intro.php">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="security.general.php">Consid&eacute;rations g&eacute;n&eacute;rales</a></li><li><a href="security.cgi-bin.php">Binaires CGI</a></li><li><a href="security.apache.php">Install&eacute; en tant que module Apache</a></li><li><a href="security.filesystem.php">S&eacute;curit&eacute; des fichiers</a></li><li><a href="security.database.php">S&eacute;curit&eacute; des bases de donn&eacute;es</a></li><li><a href="security.errors.php">Rapport d'erreurs</a></li><li><a href="security.globals.php">Utilisation des variables super-globales</a></li><li><a href="security.variables.php">Donn&eacute;es transmises par les internautes</a></li><li><a href="security.magicquotes.php">Guillemets magiques</a></li><li><a href="security.hiding.php">Masquer PHP</a></li><li><a href="security.current.php">&Ecirc;tre &agrave; jour</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="features.php">Caract&eacute;ristiques</a><ul class="chunklist chunklist_set chunklist_children"><li><a href="features.http-auth.php">Identification HTTP avec PHP</a></li><li><a href="features.cookies.php">Cookies</a></li><li><a href="features.sessions.php">Sessions</a></li><li><a href="features.xforms.php">Utiliser les XForms</a></li><li><a href="features.file-upload.php">Gestion des chargements de fichiers</a></li><li><a href="features.remote-files.php">Utilisation des fichiers &agrave; distance</a></li><li><a href="features.connection-handling.php">Gestion des connexions</a></li><li><a href="features.persistent-connections.php">Connexions persistantes aux bases de donn&eacute;es</a></li><li><a href="features.safe-mode.php">Safe mode</a></li><li><a href="features.commandline.php">Utilisation des lignes de commande</a> — Utiliser PHP en ligne de commande</li><li><a href="features.gc.php">Ramasse-miettes (Garbage Collection)</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="funcref.php">R&eacute;f&eacute;rence des fonctions</a><ul class="chunklist chunklist_set chunklist_children"><li><a href="refs.basic.php.php">Affecte le comportement de PHP</a></li><li><a href="refs.utilspec.audio.php">Manipulation audio</a></li><li><a href="refs.remote.auth.php">Services d'identification</a></li><li><a href="refs.calendar.php">Extensions relatives aux dates et aux heures</a></li><li><a href="refs.utilspec.cmdline.php">Extensions sp&eacute;cifiques &agrave; la ligne de commande</a></li><li><a href="refs.compression.php">Extensions sur l'archivage et la compression</a></li><li><a href="refs.creditcard.php">Traitement des cartes de cr&eacute;dit</a></li><li><a href="refs.crypto.php">Extensions sur la cryptographie</a></li><li><a href="refs.database.php">Extensions sur les bases de donn&eacute;es</a></li><li><a href="refs.fileprocess.file.php">Extensions relatives aux syst&egrave;mes de fichiers</a></li><li><a href="refs.international.php">Support du langage humain et de l'encodage de caract&egrave;res</a></li><li><a href="refs.utilspec.image.php">G&eacute;n&eacute;ration et traitement des images</a></li><li><a href="refs.remote.mail.php">Extensions relatives aux emails</a></li><li><a href="refs.math.php">Extensions sur les math&eacute;matiques</a></li><li><a href="refs.utilspec.nontext.php">Affichage des donn&eacute;es non-textuelles</a></li><li><a href="refs.fileprocess.process.php">Extensions sur le contr&ocirc;le des processus</a></li><li><a href="refs.basic.other.php">Autres extensions basiques</a></li><li><a href="refs.remote.other.php">Autres services</a></li><li><a href="refs.search.php">Extensions sp&eacute;cifiques aux moteurs de recherche</a></li><li><a href="refs.utilspec.server.php">Extensions sp&eacute;cifiques aux serveurs</a></li><li><a href="refs.basic.session.php">Extensions sur les Sessions</a></li><li><a href="refs.basic.text.php">Traitement du texte</a></li><li><a href="refs.basic.vartype.php">Extensions relatives aux variables et aux types</a></li><li><a href="refs.webservice.php">Services Web</a></li><li><a href="refs.utilspec.windows.php">Extensions pour Windows uniquement</a></li><li><a href="refs.xml.php">Manipulation XML</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="internals2.php">PHP at the Core: A Hacker's Guide to the Zend Engine</a><ul class="chunklist chunklist_set chunklist_children"><li><a href="internals2.preface.php">Preface</a></li><li><a href="internals2.counter.php">The &quot;counter&quot; Extension - A Continuing Example</a></li><li><a href="internals2.buildsys.php">The PHP 5 build system</a></li><li><a href="internals2.structure.php">Extension structure</a></li><li><a href="internals2.memory.php">Memory management</a></li><li><a href="internals2.variables.php">Working with variables</a></li><li><a href="internals2.funcs.php">Writing functions</a></li><li><a href="internals2.objects.php">Working with classes and objects</a></li><li><a href="internals2.resources.php">Working with resources</a></li><li><a href="internals2.ini.php">Working with INI settings</a></li><li><a href="internals2.streams.php">Working with streams</a></li><li><a href="internals2.pdo.php">PDO Driver How-To</a></li><li><a href="internals2.faq.php">Extension FAQs</a></li><li><a href="internals2.apiref.php">Zend Engine 2 API reference</a></li><li><a href="internals2.opcodes.php">Zend Engine 2 Opcodes</a></li><li><a href="internals2.ze1.php">Zend Engine 1</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="faq.php">FAQ</a> — FAQ : foire Aux Questions<ul class="chunklist chunklist_set chunklist_children"><li><a href="faq.general.php">Informations g&eacute;n&eacute;rales</a></li><li><a href="faq.mailinglist.php">Listes de diffusion</a> — Listes de diffusions</li><li><a href="faq.obtaining.php">Obtenir PHP</a></li><li><a href="faq.databases.php">Consid&eacute;rations sur les bases de donn&eacute;es</a></li><li><a href="faq.installation.php">Installation</a></li><li><a href="faq.build.php">Probl&egrave;mes de compilation</a></li><li><a href="faq.using.php">Utiliser PHP</a></li><li><a href="faq.passwords.php">Hashage de mots de passe</a> — Hashage de mots de passe s&ucirc;r</li><li><a href="faq.html.php">PHP et HTML</a></li><li><a href="faq.com.php">PHP et COM</a></li><li><a href="faq.languages.php">PHP et les autres langages</a></li><li><a href="faq.migration5.php">Migrer de PHP 4 &agrave; PHP 5</a> — Migration de PHP 4 &agrave; PHP 5</li><li><a href="faq.misc.php">Questions diverses</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="appendices.php">Annexes</a><ul class="chunklist chunklist_set chunklist_children"><li><a href="history.php">Histoire de PHP</a></li><li><a href="migration55.php">Migration de PHP 5.4.x &agrave; PHP 5.5.x</a></li><li><a href="migration54.php">Migration de PHP 5.3.x &agrave; PHP 5.4.x</a></li><li><a href="migration53.php">Migration de PHP 5.2.x vers PHP 5.3.x</a></li><li><a href="migration52.php">Migration de PHP 5.1.x &agrave; PHP 5.2.x</a></li><li><a href="migration51.php">Migration de PHP 5.0.x &agrave; PHP 5.1.x</a></li><li><a href="migration5.php">Migration de PHP 4 &agrave; PHP 5.0.x</a></li><li><a href="oop4.php">Les classes et les objets (PHP 4)</a></li><li><a href="debugger.php">D&eacute;bogueur PHP</a></li><li><a href="configure.php">Options de configuration</a></li><li><a href="ini.php">Directives du php.ini</a></li><li><a href="extensions.php">Cat&eacute;gorie/Liste des extensions</a></li><li><a href="aliases.php">Liste des alias</a></li><li><a href="reserved.php">Mots r&eacute;serv&eacute;s en PHP</a></li><li><a href="resource.php">Types des ressources PHP</a></li><li><a href="filters.php">Liste des filtres standards</a></li><li><a href="transports.php">Liste des modes de transport de sockets disponibles</a></li><li><a href="types.comparisons.php">Comparaison de types en PHP</a></li><li><a href="tokens.php">Liste des tokens de l'analyseur</a></li><li><a href="userlandnaming.php">Guide de nommage de l'espace utilisateur</a></li><li><a href="about.php">&Agrave; propos du manuel</a></li><li><a href="cc.license.php">Creative Commons Attribution 3.0</a></li><li><a href="indexes.php">Liste de l'index</a></li><li><a href="doc.changelog.php">Historique des modifications</a></li></ul></li></ul></div><br/><br/> <div id="usernotes"> <div class="head"> <span class="action"><a href="/web/20130115081055/http://php.net/manual/add-note.php?sect=index&amp;redirect=http://php.net/manual/fr/index.php"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130115081055im_/http://static.php.net/www.php.net/images/notes-add.gif" alt="add a note" width="13" height="13" class="middle"/></a> <small><a 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