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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Allan Houser</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Allan_Houser.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/ff/Allan_Houser.jpg/220px-Allan_Houser.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/ff/Allan_Houser.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="259" data-file-height="385" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Allan Capron Houser<sup id="cite_ref-deal_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1914-06-30</span>)</span>June 30, 1914<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">near <a href="/wiki/Apache,_Oklahoma" title="Apache, Oklahoma">Apache, Oklahoma</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">August 22, 1994<span style="display:none">(1994-08-22)</span> (aged 80)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe, New Mexico</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Chiricahua_Apache" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiricahua Apache">Chiricahua Apache</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data">Studio at <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Indian_School" title="Santa Fe Indian School">Santa Fe Indian School</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">Sculpture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">Painting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drawing" title="Drawing">Drawing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Murals" class="mw-redirect" title="Murals">Murals</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Allan Capron Houser</b> or <b>Haozous</b> (June 30, 1914 – August 22, 1994) was a <a href="/wiki/Chiricahua_Apache" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiricahua Apache">Chiricahua Apache</a> sculptor, painter, and book illustrator born in <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-trib_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trib-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was one of the most renowned <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> painters and <a href="/wiki/Modernist" class="mw-redirect" title="Modernist">Modernist</a> sculptors of the 20th century. </p><p>Houser's work can be found at the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Museum_of_American_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithsonian Museum of American Art">Smithsonian Museum of American Art</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_American_Indian" title="National Museum of the American Indian">National Museum of the American Indian</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery_(United_States)" title="National Portrait Gallery (United States)">National Portrait Gallery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_State_Capitol" title="Oklahoma State Capitol">Oklahoma State Capitol Building</a>, and in numerous major museum collections throughout North America, Europe, and Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, Houser's <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Offering_of_the_Sacred_Pipe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Offering of the Sacred Pipe (page does not exist)">Offering of the Sacred Pipe</a></i> is on display at <a href="/wiki/United_States_Mission_to_the_United_Nations" title="United States Mission to the United Nations">United States Mission to the United Nations</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Childhood_and_school_days">Childhood and school days</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allan_Houser&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Childhood and school days"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Houser was born in 1914 to Sam and Blossom Haozous on the family farm near <a href="/wiki/Apache,_Oklahoma" title="Apache, Oklahoma">Apache</a><sup id="cite_ref-haozous_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haozous-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Sill" title="Fort Sill">Fort Sill</a>, Oklahoma, into the <a href="/wiki/Warm_Springs_Chiricahua_Apache" class="mw-redirect" title="Warm Springs Chiricahua Apache">Warm Springs Chiricahua Apache</a> tribe. <a href="/wiki/Geronimo" title="Geronimo">Geronimo</a> had led the tribe in battle, and would later rely on his grandnephew Sam Haozous (Allan's father) to serve as his translator. </p><p>In 1934, a 20-year-old Haozous left Oklahoma to study at <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Dunn" title="Dorothy Dunn">Dorothy Dunn</a>'s Art Studio at the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Indian_School" title="Santa Fe Indian School">Santa Fe Indian School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-haozous_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haozous-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dunn's method encouraged working from personal memory, avoiding techniques of perspective or modeling, and stylization of Native iconography. For the latter, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://allanhaozous.com/allan-haozous/">Allan Haozous</a> made hundreds of drawings and canvasses in Santa Fe and was one of Dunn's top students, but he found the program too constricting. </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_career">Early career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allan_Houser&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1939, Houser began his professional career by showing work at the <a href="/wiki/1939_New_York_World%27s_Fair" title="1939 New York World's Fair">1939 New York World's Fair</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_International_Exposition" title="Golden Gate International Exposition">Golden Gate International Exposition</a>. He received his first major public commission to paint murals at the <a href="/wiki/Main_Interior_Building" title="Main Interior Building">Main Interior Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> He married Anna Maria Gallegos of Santa Fe, his wife for 55 years.<sup id="cite_ref-haozous_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haozous-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1940, he received another commission from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">US Department of Interior</a> to paint life-sized indoor murals. He then returned to Fort Sill to study with Swedish muralist <a href="/wiki/Olle_Nordmark" title="Olle Nordmark">Olle Nordmark</a>, who encouraged Houser to explore sculpture. He made his first wood carvings that year.<sup id="cite_ref-deal_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> interrupted Houser's life and career path, he moved his growing family to <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> where he found work in the L.A. <a href="/wiki/Shipyard" title="Shipyard">shipyards</a>. Houser worked by day and continued to paint and sculpt by night, making friends among students and faculty at the <a href="/wiki/Art_Center_College_of_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Art Center College of Design">Pasadena Art Center</a>. Here, he was first exposed to the streamlined modernist sculptural statements of artists like <a href="/wiki/Jean_Arp" title="Jean Arp">Jean Arp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constantin_Br%C3%A2ncu%C8%99i" title="Constantin Brâncuși">Constantin Brâncuși</a>, and the English sculptor <a href="/wiki/Henry_Moore" title="Henry Moore">Henry Moore</a>. These three men – along with the English sculptor <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Hepworth" title="Barbara Hepworth">Barbara Hepworth</a>, who was among the first sculptors to place sculptural voids within the solid planes of her works – would come to have a huge influence on Houser. </p><p>After World War II, Houser applied for a commission at the <a href="/wiki/Haskell_Indian_Nations_University" title="Haskell Indian Nations University">Haskell Institute</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lawrence,_Kansas" title="Lawrence, Kansas">Lawrence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>. Haskell, a Native American boarding school, lost many graduates to the war and wanted a sculptural memorial to honor them. Though Houser had been carving in wood since 1940, he had never before sculpted in stone. He convinced the jury with his drawings and his conviction and completed the monumental work <i>Comrade in Mourning</i> from white <a href="/wiki/Carrara" title="Carrara">Carrara</a> marble in 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has become an iconic work, both for the artist and for Native American art in general. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teaching">Teaching</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allan_Houser&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Teaching"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1949, Houser received a <a href="/wiki/Guggenheim_Fellowship" title="Guggenheim Fellowship">Guggenheim Fellowship</a> in sculpture and painting, which granted him two years to work on art and still provide for his growing family.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1952 to 1962, Houser worked as an art teacher at the <a href="/wiki/Intermountain_Indian_School" title="Intermountain Indian School">Intermountain Indian School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brigham_City,_Utah" title="Brigham City, Utah">Brigham City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a>, which was primarily a <a href="/wiki/Navajo" title="Navajo">Navajo</a> boarding school.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Intermountain years gave Houser time to teach, raise a family, and focus on his painting. He completed hundreds of paintings there, experimenting with watercolors, oils, and other media. While at Intermountain, he also worked as a children's book illustrator, providing drawings and paintings for seven titles – including an illustrated biography on the life of his grand-uncle Geronimo.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of his notable students at the Intermountain Indian School was artist <a href="/wiki/Robert_Chee" title="Robert Chee">Robert Chee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1962, Houser was asked to join the faculty of a new Native American art school, the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_American_Indian_Arts" title="Institute of American Indian Arts">Institute of American Indian Arts</a>. He returned to Santa Fe with his family to head up the Institute's sculpture department. Casting his first bronzes in 1967, Houser was a student and teacher as well, bringing forth his own history and ideas for a student body from every corner of Native America. He began working with the iconographies of other tribes, using modernist sculptural influences to forge the tribal and the abstract into a visual lexicon all his own.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>During the early 1970s, Houser continued to teach at the Institute and began the rigorous production and exhibition cycle for which he became well known. As head of the sculpture department, he felt compelled to work in as many sculptural media as possible, evidenced by his solo exhibition of stone, bronze, and welded steel sculptures at the <a href="/wiki/Heard_Museum" title="Heard Museum">Heard Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> in 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year, Houser exhibited paintings and sculpture at the <a href="/wiki/Philbrook_Museum_of_Art" title="Philbrook Museum of Art">Philbrook Museum of Art</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tulsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulsa">Tulsa</a>, and in 1973 was awarded the Gold Medal in Sculpture at the Heard Museum Exhibition.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Exhibitions, awards, and accolades continued. In 1975, he was asked to paint the official portrait of former U.S. Secretary of the Interior <a href="/wiki/Stewart_Udall" title="Stewart Udall">Stewart Udall</a>. That same year, he had a solo exhibition at the <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_State_Capitol" title="New Mexico State Capitol">Governor's Gallery at the State Capitol</a> in Santa Fe. After thirteen years at IAIA, Houser retired from full-time teaching to devote himself to sculpture.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_work">Later work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allan_Houser&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UBC_Law_Legends_Begin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/UBC_Law_Legends_Begin.jpg/300px-UBC_Law_Legends_Begin.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/UBC_Law_Legends_Begin.jpg/450px-UBC_Law_Legends_Begin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/UBC_Law_Legends_Begin.jpg/600px-UBC_Law_Legends_Begin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption>"Legends Begin," bronze, at <a href="/wiki/Allard_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Allard Hall">Allard Hall</a> Law School building in Vancouver</figcaption></figure> <p>Houser's retirement in 1975 marked the beginning of the most prolific stage of his career. With time, materials, and the family compound in southern <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_County,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe County, New Mexico">Santa Fe County</a>, Houser honed the visual language that was to become his artistic legacy. Fusing Native subject matter with the abstract forms and sculptural voids of his Modernist peers, Houser carried the mantle of both Native American and Modernism to new levels, bringing forth such memorable images as the Lead Singer, Abstract Crown Dancer, and The Mystic.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Via Gambaro Gallery launched by <a href="/wiki/Retha_Walden_Gambaro" title="Retha Walden Gambaro">Retha Walden Gambaro</a> and Stephen Gambaro to spotlight contemporary Native American artists featured Houser's work in its Indian Artists, 1977 exhibition.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exhibition credited Houser for influencing several generations of Native American artists and the success of sculpture as a contemporary Native American art form.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Houser continued to produce figurative pieces as well, including the life-sized bronze work <i>Chiricahua Apache Family</i>, dedicated in 1983 at the Fort Sill Apache Tribal Center in Apache, Oklahoma. The piece honored both the memory of his parents, Sam and Blossom, and commemorates the 70th anniversary of the release of his tribe's prisoners-of-war from Fort Sill.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Houser's work was explored in a series on American Indian artists for the <a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Broadcasting System">Public Broadcasting System</a> (PBS). Other artists in the series included <a href="/wiki/R._C._Gorman" title="R. C. Gorman">R. C. Gorman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helen_Hardin" title="Helen Hardin">Helen Hardin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Loloma" title="Charles Loloma">Charles Loloma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lonewolf" title="Joseph Lonewolf">Joseph Lonewolf</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Scholder" title="Fritz Scholder">Fritz Scholder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1985, Houser's monumental bronze, <i>Offering of the Sacred Pipe</i>, was dedicated at the U.S. Mission to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> in New York City. A year later, he made a bronze bust of Geronimo to commemorate the hundredth anniversary of the surrender of the Chiricahua Apaches. A cast of the bust was later presented to the National Portrait Gallery, where it remains in the permanent collection.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his last five years, Houser produced a remarkable number of pieces, and received many awards for his life's work. In 1989, he dedicated <i><a href="/wiki/As_Long_as_the_Waters_Flow" title="As Long as the Waters Flow">As Long as the Waters Flow</a></i>, a monumental bronze commissioned for the <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_State_Capitol" title="Oklahoma State Capitol">Oklahoma State Capitol</a> building in <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a>. In 1991, he presented a casting of a bronze <i>Sacred Rain Arrow</i> to the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>. In the dedication before the US Senate Select Committee on Indian Affairs, he dedicated the work to the American Indian. And in 1992, he became the first Native American to receive the <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Arts" title="National Medal of Arts">National Medal of Arts</a>, awarded at a ceremony at the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> by President <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1993, Houser was honored by the dedication of the Allan Houser Art Park at the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_American_Indian_Arts" title="Institute of American Indian Arts">Institute of American Indian Arts</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1994, he returned to Washington, DC for the last time to present the United States government the sculpture, <i><a href="/wiki/May_We_Have_Peace" title="May We Have Peace">May We Have Peace</a></i>, a gift, he said, "To the people of the United States from the <a href="/wiki/First_Peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="First Peoples">First Peoples</a>." The gift was accepted by First Lady <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> for installation at the Vice President's residence at <a href="/wiki/Number_One_Observatory_Circle" title="Number One Observatory Circle">Number One Observatory Circle</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Drawings">Drawings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allan_Houser&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Drawings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Houser's primary skill as a draftsman is evident in the astounding volume of drawn work that was left behind in the Allan Houser Archive, located at the Houser family compound and sculpture garden in southern Santa Fe County, New Mexico. With over 6,000 images left behind, one can trace the output and varied subjects of an artist who began all of his creations, including paintings and sculptures, with the act of hand to paper.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sculptures">Sculptures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allan_Houser&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sculptures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While Houser's early career was marked by his drawings and paintings, it was for sculpture that he eventually became a world-renowned artist. Beginning in 1940 with simple wood carvings, Houser created his first monumental work in stone in 1949, the iconic piece <i>Comrades in Mourning</i> at the Haskell Institute in Lawrence, Kansas. In the following year, he would receive the Guggenhiem Fellowship.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it would be quite some time before he had the time and resources to produce more.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collections">Collections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allan_Houser&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Collections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Allan Houser's work can be found in collections all over the world. Below is a select list. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Albuquerque Museum">Albuquerque Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque" class="mw-redirect" title="Albuquerque">Albuquerque</a>, New Mexico</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque_International_Sunport" title="Albuquerque International Sunport">Albuquerque International Sunport</a>, New Mexico</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allard_School_of_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Allard School of Law">Allard School of Law</a>, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Museum" title="Baker Museum">Baker Museum</a>, Artis–Naples, Naples, Florida</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Bill_Historical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffalo Bill Historical Center">Buffalo Bill Historical Center</a>, Cody, Wyoming</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Royal_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="British Royal Family">British</a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Collection" title="Royal Collection">Royal Collection</a>, London, England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Georges_Pompidou" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre Georges Pompidou">Centre Georges Pompidou</a>, Paris, France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Springs_Fine_Arts_Center" title="Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center">Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center</a>, Colorado Springs, Colorado</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a>, Hanover, New Hampshire<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver_Art_Museum" title="Denver Art Museum">Denver Art Museum</a>, Denver, Colorado</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eiteljorg_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Eiteljorg Museum">Eiteljorg Museum</a>, Indianapolis, Indiana</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haskell_Indian_Nations_University" title="Haskell Indian Nations University">Haskell Indian Nations University</a>, Lawrence, Kansas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heard_Museum" title="Heard Museum">Heard Museum</a>, Phoenix, Arizona</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_American_Indian_Arts_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of American Indian Arts Museum">Institute of American Indian Arts Museum</a>, Santa Fe, New Mexico</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Michener_Art_Museum" title="James A. Michener Art Museum">James A. Michener Art Museum</a>, Doylestown, Pennsylvania</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_Royal_Collection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese Royal Collection (page does not exist)">Japanese Royal Collection</a>, Tokyo, Japan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Cowboy_%26_Western_Heritage_Museum" title="National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum">National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum</a>, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_American_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum of American Art">National Museum of American Art</a>, Washington, DC.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_American_Indian" title="National Museum of the American Indian">National Museum of the American Indian</a>, Washington, DC.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Wildlife_Art" title="National Museum of Wildlife Art">National Museum of Wildlife Art</a>, Jackson Hole, Wyoming</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery_(United_States)" title="National Portrait Gallery (United States)">National Portrait Gallery</a>, Washington, DC.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Museum_of_Art" title="New Mexico Museum of Art">New Mexico Museum of Art</a>, Santa Fe, New Mexico<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_State_Capitol" title="New Mexico State Capitol">New Mexico State Capitol</a>, Santa Fe, New Mexico</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Rockwell_Museum" title="Norman Rockwell Museum">Norman Rockwell Museum</a>, Stockbridge, Massachusetts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_State_Capitol" title="Oklahoma State Capitol">Oklahoma State Capitol</a>, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs_Desert_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Palm Springs Desert Museum">Palm Springs Desert Museum</a>, California</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philbrook_Museum_of_Art" title="Philbrook Museum of Art">Philbrook Museum of Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa, Oklahoma">Tulsa, Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundance_Institute" title="Sundance Institute">Sundance Institute</a>, Sundance, Utah</li> <li>U.S Mission at the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, New York, New York</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oklahoma" title="University of Oklahoma">University of Oklahoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norman,_Oklahoma" title="Norman, Oklahoma">Norman, Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelwright_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheelwright Museum">Wheelwright Museum</a>, Santa Fe, New Mexico</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allan_Houser&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Annie_haozous_dine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Annie_haozous_dine.jpg/200px-Annie_haozous_dine.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Annie_haozous_dine.jpg/300px-Annie_haozous_dine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Annie_haozous_dine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="432" /></a><figcaption>Anna Gallegos Haozous, 2008</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philip_haozous.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Philip_haozous.jpg/200px-Philip_haozous.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Philip_haozous.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="259" data-file-height="432" /></a><figcaption>Phillip Haozous, sculptor and Allan Houser's son, 2008</figcaption></figure> <p>Allan Houser died of colon cancer in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe, New Mexico</a>, at the age of eighty on August 22, 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The installation of 19 monumental works of art in <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a> during the 2002 Olympics, and a retrospective of 69 works at the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_American_Indian" title="National Museum of the American Indian">National Museum of the American Indian</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_DC." class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, DC.">Washington, DC.</a> in 2004—2005 honored him. The exhibition marked the first major show for the new museum, and over three million people viewed it while it was on display. </p><p>His two sons have achieved success as sculptors, Philip Haozous and <a href="/wiki/Bob_Haozous" title="Bob Haozous">Bob Haozous</a>, and his grandson, Sam Atakra Haozous, an experimental photographer. The non-profit Allan Houser Foundation is devoted to the proliferation of the Houser name. The family also maintains a commercial gallery of Allan Houser's work in downtown Santa Fe and the Allan Houser Compound, a foundry and sculpture garden located south of Santa Fe.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, Houser became one of the inductees in the first induction ceremony held by the <a href="/wiki/National_Native_American_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Native American Hall of Fame">National Native American Hall of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A figural group created by Houser in 1990 was moved to the <a href="/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office">Oval Office</a> when <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> began <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden">his presidency</a> in 2021. The sculpture depicting a running horse and a Native male rider is currently placed on one of the shelves in the president's office and was previously exhibited at the National Museum of the American Indian.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exhibitions">Exhibitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allan_Houser&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Exhibitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Allan Houser's work continues to receive academic and institutional exposure. His estate works with museums, art galleries, and public spaces around the world on ongoing exhibits. Houser's abstract and modernist works were exhibited at <a href="/wiki/Grounds_for_Sculpture" class="mw-redirect" title="Grounds for Sculpture">Grounds for Sculpture</a> in Hamilton, New Jersey (2008), and his major works were shown at the Heard Museum and the Desert Botanical Garden in Phoenix, Arizona in November 2009. In 2008 the <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_History_Center" title="Oklahoma History Center">Oklahoma History Center</a> held a major exhibition, "Unconquered: Allan Houser and the Legacy of one Apache Family," that looks at three generations of the Haozous/Houser family.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Houser's work was part of <i>Stretching the Canvas: Eight Decades of Native Painting</i> (2019–21), a survey at the National Museum of the American Indian George Gustav Heye Center.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Major collections of Allan Houser's work can also be found in museums around the United States and the world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allan_Houser&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-deal-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-deal_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-deal_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://livingnewdeal.org/projects/department-of-the-interior-building-houser-murals-washington-dc/">"Udall Department of the Interior Building: Houser Murals – Washington DC"</a>. <i>The Living New Deal</i>. University of California, Berkeley, Department of Geography<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Living+New+Deal&rft.atitle=Udall+Department+of+the+Interior+Building%3A+Houser+Murals+%E2%80%93+Washington+DC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flivingnewdeal.org%2Fprojects%2Fdepartment-of-the-interior-building-houser-murals-washington-dc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllan+Houser" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-trib-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-trib_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allanhouser.com/tribute.php">"A Tribute."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110421223754/http://allanhouser.com/tribute.php">Archived</a> 2011-04-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Allan Houser.</i> Accessed March 26, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHouser2020" class="citation journal cs1">Houser, Allan (2020-11-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commons.und.edu/public-sculpture/10">"Raindrops"</a>. <i>Public Sculpture and Installations</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Sculpture+and+Installations&rft.atitle=Raindrops&rft.date=2020-11-04&rft.aulast=Houser&rft.aufirst=Allan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.und.edu%2Fpublic-sculpture%2F10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllan+Houser" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-haozous-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-haozous_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-haozous_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-haozous_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/H/HO037.html">HOUSER (HAOZOUS), ALLAN (1914-1994).</a> Oklahoma Historical Society. Retrieved March 30, 2011 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101018203145/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/H/HO037.html">Archived</a> October 18, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGridley1960" class="citation book cs1">Gridley, Marion E. (1960). <i>Indians of Today</i> (Third ed.). Chicago: Towertown. p. 216.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indians+of+Today&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=216&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=Towertown&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Gridley&rft.aufirst=Marion+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllan+Houser" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://medallicartcollector.com/allan-houser_biography.html">"Artist Page"</a>. <i>medallicartcollector.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=medallicartcollector.com&rft.atitle=Artist+Page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedallicartcollector.com%2Fallan-houser_biography.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllan+Houser" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artdaily.cc/news/68605/Fred-Jones-Jr--Museum-of-Art-Houser-Centennial-Drawing-Exhibit-opens#.Xu7oaWhKiUk">"Fred Jones Jr. Museum of Art Houser Centennial Drawing Exhibit opens"</a>. <i>artdaily.cc</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=artdaily.cc&rft.atitle=Fred+Jones+Jr.+Museum+of+Art+Houser+Centennial+Drawing+Exhibit+opens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fartdaily.cc%2Fnews%2F68605%2FFred-Jones-Jr--Museum-of-Art-Houser-Centennial-Drawing-Exhibit-opens%23.Xu7oaWhKiUk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllan+Houser" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.si.edu/object/siris_sil_1040384">"Geronimo, the last Apache war chief / by Edgar Wyatt; illustrated by Allan Houser, direct descendant of Geronimo"</a>. <i>Smithsonian Institution</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Institution&rft.atitle=Geronimo%2C+the+last+Apache+war+chief+%2F+by+Edgar+Wyatt%3B+illustrated+by+Allan+Houser%2C+direct+descendant+of+Geronimo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.si.edu%2Fobject%2Fsiris_sil_1040384&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllan+Houser" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorthington2010" class="citation web cs1">Worthington, G. Lola (26 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordartonline.com/groveart/view/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.001.0001/oao-9781884446054-e-7002086800">"Chee, Robert"</a>. <i>Grove Art Online</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgao%2F9781884446054.article.t2086800">10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.t2086800</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-884446-05-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-884446-05-4"><bdi>978-1-884446-05-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180603183327/http://www.oxfordartonline.com/groveart/view/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.001.0001/oao-9781884446054-e-7002086800">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-06-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Via Gambaro Gallery, 1977.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Leuthold, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/read/71667995">"13: Native American Art and Artists in Visual Arts Documentaries from 1973 to 1991,"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200615225458/https://www.questia.com/read/71667995/on-the-margins-of-art-worlds">Archived</a> 2020-06-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in On the Margins of Art Worlds, ed. Larry Gross. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1995, 268.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npg.si.edu/object/npg_S_NPG.90.23">"Geronimo"</a>. <i>npg.si.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deseret+News&rft.atitle=COLON+CANCER+CLAIMS+SCULPTOR+ALLAN+HOUSER&rft.date=1994-08-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deseret.com%2F1994%2F8%2F24%2F19126977%2Fcolon-cancer-claims-sculptor-allan-houser&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllan+Houser" class="Z3988"></span> Republished in part as: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1994/08/25/obituaries/allan-houser-80-a-sculptor-known-for-apache-themes.html">"Allan Houser, 80, A Sculptor Known For Apache Themes"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. Associated Press. August 25, 1994<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Allan+Houser%3B+Patriarch+of+Native+American+Sculptors&rft.date=1994-08-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1994-08-27-mn-31685-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllan+Houser" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allanhouser.com/">Allan Houser.</a> (retrieved 27 Nov 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181022184208/https://newsmaven.io/indiancountrytoday/news/national-native-american-hall-of-fame-names-first-twelve-historic-inductees-e-Uu9NZBh0K9TPrv992tyQ/">"National Native American Hall of Fame names first twelve historic inductees - IndianCountryToday.com"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=americanindian.si.edu&rft.atitle=Figural+group+%7C+National+Museum+of+the+American+Indian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famericanindian.si.edu%2Fcollections-search%2Fobjects%2FNMAI_407765%3Fdestination%3Dedan_searchtab%3Fedan_q%3D%25252A%25253A%25252A%26edan_fq%25255B0%25255D%3Dplace%25253A%252522USA%252522%26edan_fq%25255B1%25255D%3Dp.edanmdm.indexedstructured.nmaiculture_archeol_1%25253A%252522Apache%252522%26edan_fq%25255B2%25255D%3Dplace%25253A%252522Santa%252520Fe%252522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllan+Houser" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinskey2021" class="citation news cs1">Linskey, Annie (20 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/01/20/biden-oval-office/">"A look inside Biden's Oval Office"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210120222517/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/01/20/biden-oval-office/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-01-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=A+look+inside+Biden%27s+Oval+Office&rft.date=2021-01-20&rft.aulast=Linskey&rft.aufirst=Annie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2021%2F01%2F20%2Fbiden-oval-office%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllan+Houser" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.okhistory.org/unconquered/index.html">"Unconquered: Allan Houser and the Legacy of one Apache Family."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100206045630/http://www.okhistory.org/unconquered/index.html">Archived</a> 2010-02-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Oklahoma History Center.</i> (retrieved 27 Nov 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://americanindian.si.edu/explore/exhibitions/item?id=975">"Stretching the Canvas: Eight Decades of Native Painting"</a>. <i>National Museum of the American Indian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Museum+of+the+American+Indian&rft.atitle=Stretching+the+Canvas%3A+Eight+Decades+of+Native+Painting&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famericanindian.si.edu%2Fexplore%2Fexhibitions%2Fitem%3Fid%3D975&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllan+Houser" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allan_Houser&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Allan_Houser" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Allan Houser">Allan Houser</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allanhouser.com">Allan Houser's Official Website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arts.ok.gov/Art_at_the_Capitol/State_Art_Collection.php?c=sac&awid=294%7C//www.arts.ok.gov/Art_at_the_Capitol/State_Art_Collection.php?c=sac&awid=294">The Oklahoma Arts Council is pleased to announce the recent acquisition of Allan Houser's sculpture Dialogue. Currently on exhibit in the Betty Price Gallery</a>.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070715215231/http://www.nmai.si.edu/subpage.cfm?subpage=shop&second=books&third=NativeModernism">[1]</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061216175822/http://www.state.ok.us/~arts/capitolart/permart/sculpture/houser/waters.html">"As Long as the Waters Flow": Allan Houser's Towering Tribute to the Spirit of Native Americans outside of the Oklahoma State Capital</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cowboysindians.com/Cowboys-Indians/March-2014/Allan-Houser/">"Allan Houser: Join the centennial celebration of the birth of the world-famous Chiricahua Apache artist."</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.knme.org/video/1476974775/">Allan Houser: The Dean of Stone</a>, video from <i>Colores</i>, New Mexico PBS, KNME.org</li></ul> <div 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Arts" title="National Medal of Arts">National Medal of Arts recipients</a> (1990s)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Abbott" title="George Abbott">George Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hume_Cronyn" title="Hume Cronyn">Hume Cronyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Tandy" title="Jessica Tandy">Jessica Tandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merce_Cunningham" title="Merce Cunningham">Merce Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper_Johns" title="Jasper Johns">Jasper Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Lawrence" title="Jacob Lawrence">Jacob Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B.B._King" class="mw-redirect" title="B.B. King">Riley "B.B." King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_Kreeger" title="David Lloyd Kreeger">David Lloyd Kreeger</a></li> <li>Harris & Carroll Sterling Masterson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_McHarg" title="Ian McHarg">Ian McHarg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Sills" title="Beverly Sills">Beverly Sills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BellSouth" title="BellSouth">Southeastern Bell Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Abravanel" title="Maurice Abravanel">Maurice Abravanel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Acuff" title="Roy Acuff">Roy Acuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Belluschi" title="Pietro Belluschi">Pietro Belluschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carter_Brown_III" class="mw-redirect" title="John Carter Brown III">John Carter Brown III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_%22Honi%22_Coles" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles "Honi" Coles">Charles "Honi" Coles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crosby_(conductor)" title="John Crosby (conductor)">John Crosby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Diebenkorn" title="Richard Diebenkorn">Richard Diebenkorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Philip_Hanes" class="mw-redirect" title="R. Philip Hanes">R. Philip Hanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitty_Carlisle" title="Kitty Carlisle">Kitty Carlisle Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Primus" title="Pearl Primus">Pearl Primus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Stern" title="Isaac Stern">Isaac Stern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texaco" title="Texaco">Texaco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1992</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Horne" title="Marilyn Horne">Marilyn Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Allan Houser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnie_Pearl" title="Minnie Pearl">Minnie Pearl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Saudek" title="Robert Saudek">Robert Saudek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Scruggs" title="Earl Scruggs">Earl Scruggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Shaw_(conductor)" title="Robert Shaw (conductor)">Robert Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Taylor" title="Billy Taylor">Billy Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Venturi" title="Robert Venturi">Robert Venturi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Denise_Scott_Brown" title="Denise Scott Brown">Denise Scott Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wise" title="Robert Wise">Robert Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lila_Acheson_Wallace" title="Lila Acheson Wallace">Lila Wallace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Annenberg" title="Walter Annenberg">Walter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leonore_Annenberg" title="Leonore Annenberg">Leonore Annenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cab_Calloway" title="Cab Calloway">Cabell "Cab" Calloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles">Ray Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bess_Lomax_Hawes" title="Bess Lomax Hawes">Bess Lomax Hawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kunitz" title="Stanley Kunitz">Stanley Kunitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Merrill" title="Robert Merrill">Robert Merrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Miller" title="Arthur Miller">Arthur Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rauschenberg" title="Robert Rauschenberg">Robert Rauschenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Richards" title="Lloyd Richards">Lloyd Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Styron" title="William Styron">William Styron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Taylor_(choreographer)" title="Paul Taylor (choreographer)">Paul Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Belafonte" title="Harry Belafonte">Harry Belafonte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Brubeck" title="Dave Brubeck">Dave Brubeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celia_Cruz" title="Celia Cruz">Celia Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_DeLay" title="Dorothy DeLay">Dorothy DeLay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Harris" title="Julie Harris">Julie Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erick_Hawkins" title="Erick Hawkins">Erick Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Kelly" title="Gene Kelly">Gene Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger">Pete Seeger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Filene_Shouse" title="Catherine Filene Shouse">Catherine Filene Shouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Thiebaud" title="Wayne Thiebaud">Wayne Thiebaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wilbur" title="Richard Wilbur">Richard Wilbur</a></li> <li>Young Audiences</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Licia_Albanese" title="Licia Albanese">Licia Albanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwendolyn_Brooks" title="Gwendolyn Brooks">Gwendolyn Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._Gerald_Cantor" title="B. Gerald Cantor">B. Gerald</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iris_Cantor" title="Iris Cantor">Iris Cantor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossie_Davis" title="Ossie Davis">Ossie Davis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ruby_Dee" title="Ruby Dee">Ruby Dee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Diamond_(composer)" title="David Diamond (composer)">David Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ingo_Freed" title="James Ingo Freed">James Ingo Freed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Lichtenstein" title="Roy Lichtenstein">Roy Lichtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Mitchell_(dancer)" title="Arthur Mitchell (dancer)">Arthur Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Monroe" title="Bill Monroe">Bill Monroe</a></li> <li>Urban Gateways</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Albee" title="Edward Albee">Edward Albee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Caldwell" title="Sarah Caldwell">Sarah Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Callahan_(photographer)" title="Harry Callahan (photographer)">Harry Callahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zelda_Fichandler" title="Zelda Fichandler">Zelda Fichandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalo_Guerrero" title="Lalo Guerrero">Eduardo "Lalo" Guerrero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Hampton" title="Lionel Hampton">Lionel Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bella_Lewitzky" title="Bella Lewitzky">Bella Lewitzky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vera_List" class="mw-redirect" title="Vera List">Vera List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Sendak" title="Maurice Sendak">Maurice Sendak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim">Stephen Sondheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boys_Choir_of_Harlem" title="Boys Choir of Harlem">Boys Choir of Harlem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1997</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Bourgeois" title="Louise Bourgeois">Louise Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Carter" title="Betty Carter">Betty Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Gund" title="Agnes Gund">Agnes Gund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Kiley" title="Dan Kiley">Daniel Urban Kiley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Lansbury" title="Angela Lansbury">Angela Lansbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine">James Levine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito_Puente" title="Tito Puente">Tito Puente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Robards" title="Jason Robards">Jason Robards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Villella" title="Edward Villella">Edward Villella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doc_Watson" title="Doc Watson">Doc Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacDowell_Colony" class="mw-redirect" title="MacDowell Colony">MacDowell Colony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_d%27Amboise_(dancer)" title="Jacques d'Amboise (dancer)">Jacques d'Amboise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fats_Domino" title="Fats Domino">Antoine "Fats" Domino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramblin%27_Jack_Elliott" title="Ramblin' Jack Elliott">Ramblin' Jack Elliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Gehry" title="Frank Gehry">Frank Gehry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Handman" title="Barbara Handman">Barbara Handman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Martin" title="Agnes Martin">Agnes Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberta_Peters" title="Roberta Peters">Roberta Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Roth" title="Philip Roth">Philip Roth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Lee_Corporation" title="Sara Lee Corporation">Sara Lee Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steppenwolf_Theatre_Company" title="Steppenwolf Theatre Company">Steppenwolf Theatre Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwen_Verdon" title="Gwen Verdon">Gwen Verdon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irene_Diamond" title="Irene Diamond">Irene Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Graves" title="Michael Graves">Michael Graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odetta" title="Odetta">Odetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juilliard_School" title="Juilliard School">Juilliard School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Lear" title="Norman Lear">Norman Lear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_LeNoire" title="Rosetta LeNoire">Rosetta LeNoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Lichtenstein" title="Harvey Lichtenstein">Harvey Lichtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Mendoza" title="Lydia Mendoza">Lydia Mendoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Segal_(artist)" title="George Segal (artist)">George Segal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Tallchief" title="Maria Tallchief">Maria Tallchief</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_recipients_of_the_National_Medal_of_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of recipients of the National Medal of Arts">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1980s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1990s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2000s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2010s" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 2010s">2010s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175745#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175745#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175745#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000084118559">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/114793930">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1460085/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkttXPPFqcwhy4QwcV9jC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11943444X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82258100">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20011211237&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/4056267">Norway</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500126841">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/422169">RKD Artists</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/060552409">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6sv8gsq">SNAC</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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