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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9" title="قائمة الأسر المصرية الحاكمة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قائمة الأسر المصرية الحاكمة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynastien_des_Alten_%C3%84gypten" title="Dynastien des Alten Ägypten – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dynastien des Alten Ägypten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%B4%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%B9%CE%B3%CF%8D%CF%80%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Κατάλογος δυναστειών της αρχαίας Αιγύπτου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κατάλογος δυναστειών της αρχαίας Αιγύπτου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Dinast%C3%ADas_egipcias_antiguas" title="Anexo:Dinastías egipcias antiguas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anexo:Dinastías egipcias antiguas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zerrenda:Egiptoko_dinastiak" title="Zerrenda:Egiptoko dinastiak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zerrenda:Egiptoko dinastiak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="فهرست دودمان‌های مصر باستان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فهرست دودمان‌های مصر باستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%8C%80_%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%91%ED%8A%B8_%EC%99%95%EC%A1%B0_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" title="고대 이집트 왕조 목록 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고대 이집트 왕조 목록" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B7%D6%80%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%B6_(%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%B5%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BA%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%BD)" title="Դինաստիական շրջան (Հին Եգիպտոս) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դինաստիական շրջան (Հին Եգիպտոս)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinasti_Mesir_Kuno" title="Dinasti Mesir Kuno – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dinasti Mesir Kuno" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renas_e_dinastias_de_Egipte_(lista)" title="Renas e dinastias de Egipte (lista) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Renas e dinastias de Egipte (lista)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Список на староегипетски династии – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Список на староегипетски династии" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinasti_Mesir_Kuno" title="Dinasti Mesir Kuno – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dinasti Mesir Kuno" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Список правителей Древнего Египта – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Список правителей Древнего Египта" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Списак династија старог Египта – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Списак династија старог Египта" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luettelo_Egyptin_dynastioista" title="Luettelo Egyptin dynastioista – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Luettelo Egyptin dynastioista" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="பண்டைய எகிப்திய அரசமரபுகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பண்டைய எகிப்திய அரசமரபுகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93" title="ราชวงศ์ของอียิปต์โบราณ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ราชวงศ์ของอียิปต์โบราณ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antik_M%C4%B1s%C4%B1r_hanedanlar%C4%B1_listesi" title="Antik Mısır hanedanları listesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Antik Mısır hanedanları listesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%84%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%83" title="Список династій Стародавнього Єгипту – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Список династій Стародавнього Єгипту" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danh_s%C3%A1ch_v%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_tri%E1%BB%81u_Ai_C%E1%BA%ADp" title="Danh sách vương triều Ai Cập – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Danh sách vương triều Ai Cập" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Periodization_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Periodization of ancient Egypt">Periods</a> and <a class="mw-selflink selflink">dynasties</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egypt</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="border:none;padding-top:0;font-weight:normal;"> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">All years are <a href="/wiki/Before_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Before Christ">BC</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Egypt)" title="Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)">Early</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="nowrap" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Egypt" title="Prehistoric Egypt">Pre-dynastic period</a></td><td style="width:1.3em;text-align:center;"></td><td style="text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="First Dynasty of Egypt">First Dynasty</a></td><td style="width:1.3em;text-align:center;"> I</td><td style="text-align:right;"> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 3150–2890</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Second_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Second Dynasty of Egypt">Second Dynasty</a></td><td style="width:1.3em;text-align:center;"> II</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 2890–2686</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt">Old Kingdom</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="nowrap" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Third Dynasty of Egypt">Third Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> III</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 2686–2613</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourth Dynasty of Egypt">Fourth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> IV</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 2613–2498</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifth Dynasty of Egypt">Fifth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> V</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 2498–2345</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixth Dynasty of Egypt">Sixth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> VI</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 2345–2181</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/First_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="First Intermediate Period of Egypt">First Intermediate</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="nowrap" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Seventh Dynasty of Egypt">Seventh Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> VII</td><td style="text-align:right;"> spurious</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighth Dynasty of Egypt">Eighth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> VIII</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 2181–2160</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Ninth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Ninth Dynasty of Egypt">Ninth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> IX</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 2160–2130</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Tenth Dynasty of Egypt">Tenth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> X</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 2130–2040</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> Early <a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt">Eleventh Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XI</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 2134–2061</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="nowrap" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> Late <a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt">Eleventh Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XI</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 2061–1991</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt">Twelfth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XII</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1991–1803</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Thirteenth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XIII</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1803–1649</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Second Intermediate Period of Egypt">Second Intermediate</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="nowrap" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Fourteenth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XIV</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1705–1690</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Fifteenth Dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hyksos" title="Hyksos">Hyksos</a>)</td><td style="text-align:center;"> XV</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1674–1535</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Sixteenth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XVI</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1660–1600</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Abydos_Dynasty" title="Abydos Dynasty">Abydos Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1650–1600</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt">Seventeenth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XVII</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1580–1549</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="nowrap" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Eighteenth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XVIII</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1549–1292</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Nineteenth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XIX</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1292–1189</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt">Twentieth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XX</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1189–1077</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Third_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Third Intermediate Period of Egypt">Third Intermediate</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="nowrap" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Twenty-first_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-first Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXI</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1069–945</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Twenty-second_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-second Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXII</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 945–720</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Twenty-third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-third Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXIII</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 837–728</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-fourth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXIV</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 732–720</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-fifth Dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt">Nubian</a>)</td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXV</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 732–653</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Late_Period_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Late Period of ancient Egypt">Late Period</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="nowrap" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-sixth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXVI</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 672–525</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-seventh Dynasty<br />(1st Persian Period)</a></div></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXVII</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 525–404</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Twenty-eighth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-eighth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXVIII</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 404–398</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Twenty-ninth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-ninth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXIX</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 398–380</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Thirtieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt">Thirtieth Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXX</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 380–343</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Thirty-first_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt">Thirty-first Dynasty<br />(2nd Persian Period)</a></div></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXXI</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 343–332</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic Egypt</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="nowrap" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Argead_dynasty" title="Argead dynasty">Thirty-second Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXXII</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 332–305</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Thirty-third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirty-third Dynasty of Egypt">Thirty-third Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXXIII</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 305–30</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Egypt" title="Roman Egypt">Roman Egypt</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="nowrap" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Roman_pharaoh" title="Roman pharaoh">Thirty-fourth Dynasty<br />(Roman Pharaohs)</a></div></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXXIV</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 30 BC – 313 AD</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Egypt">Byzantine Egypt</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="nowrap" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:58%;text-align:left;"> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Roman_pharaoh#History" title="Roman pharaoh">Thirty-fifth Dynasty</a><br />(<i>speculated</i>)</div></td><td style="text-align:center;"> XXXV</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 379 AD – 641 AD</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border:none;padding-top:0;font-weight:normal;"> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">See also: <i><a href="/wiki/Template:Pharaohs" title="Template:Pharaohs">List of pharaohs by period and dynasty</a></i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Periodization_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Periodization of ancient Egypt">Periodization of ancient Egypt</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancient_Egypt_dynasties_sidebar" title="Template:Ancient Egypt dynasties sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancient_Egypt_dynasties_sidebar" title="Template talk:Ancient Egypt dynasties sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient_Egypt_dynasties_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient Egypt dynasties sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_Egypt" title="History of ancient Egypt">ancient Egyptian history</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">dynasties</a> are series of rulers sharing a common origin. They are usually, but not always, traditionally divided into 33 pharaonic dynasties; these dynasties are commonly grouped by modern scholars into <a href="/wiki/Periodization_of_Ancient_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Periodization of Ancient Egypt">"kingdoms" and "intermediate periods"</a>. </p><p>The first 30 divisions come from the 3rd century BC Egyptian priest <a href="/wiki/Manetho" title="Manetho">Manetho</a>, whose <i>Aegyptaiaca</i>, was probably written for a Greek-speaking <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic</a> ruler of Egypt but survives only in fragments and summaries. The names of the last two, the short-lived Persian-ruled <a href="/wiki/Thirty-first_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt">31st Dynasty</a> and the longer-lasting <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic Dynasty</a>, are later coinings. </p><p>While widely used and useful, the system does have its shortcomings. Some dynasties only ruled part of Egypt and existed concurrently with other dynasties based in other cities. The <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Seventh Dynasty of Egypt">7th</a> might not have existed at all, the <a href="/wiki/Tenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Tenth Dynasty of Egypt">10th</a> seems to be a continuation of the <a href="/wiki/Ninth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Ninth Dynasty of Egypt">9th</a>, and there might have been <a href="/wiki/Naqada_III" title="Naqada III">one or several Upper Egyptian Dynasties</a> before what is termed the <a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="First Dynasty of Egypt">1st Dynasty</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_dynasties_in_ancient_Egyptian_history">List of dynasties in ancient Egyptian history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dynasties_of_ancient_Egypt&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: List of dynasties in ancient Egyptian history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_remua5kx8cnr4cn4a9uvlogwifr3o3y"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Late_Period_of_ancient_Egypt" coords="790,94,901,118" title="Late Period of ancient Egypt" alt="Late Period of ancient Egypt" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Third_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" coords="695,81,900,105" title="Third Intermediate Period of Egypt" alt="Third Intermediate Period of Egypt" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" coords="577,67,689,91" title="New Kingdom of Egypt" alt="New Kingdom of Egypt" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" coords="442,54,654,78" title="Second Intermediate Period of Egypt" alt="Second Intermediate Period of Egypt" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" coords="392,40,524,64" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt" alt="Middle Kingdom of Egypt" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/First_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" coords="302,27,507,51" title="First Intermediate Period of Egypt" alt="First Intermediate Period of Egypt" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" coords="262,14,373,38" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt" alt="Old Kingdom of Egypt" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Egypt)" coords="118,0,296,24" title="Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)" alt="Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_remua5kx8cnr4cn4a9uvlogwifr3o3y" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/remua5kx8cnr4cn4a9uvlogwifr3o3y.png" /></div> <table class="wikitable" style="width:1100"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Dynasty </th> <th rowspan="2">Seat </th> <th colspan="3">Period of rule </th> <th colspan="3">Rulers </th></tr> <tr> <th>Start </th> <th>End </th> <th>Term </th> <th>First to rule </th> <th>Last to rule </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs" title="List of pharaohs">List</a> / Family tree </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Egypt)" title="Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)">Early Dynastic Period</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="First Dynasty of Egypt">Dynasty I</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thinis" title="Thinis">Thinis</a> </td> <td>3150 BC </td> <td>2900 BC </td> <td>250 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">Narmer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qa%27a" title="Qa'a">Qa'a</a> </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs#First_Dynasty" title="List of pharaohs">list</a>)<hr />(<a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="First Dynasty of Egypt family tree">tree</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Second_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Second Dynasty of Egypt">Dynasty II</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thinis" title="Thinis">Thinis</a> </td> <td>2880 BC </td> <td>2686 BC </td> <td>204 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hotepsekhemwy" title="Hotepsekhemwy">Hotepsekhemwy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khasekhemwy" title="Khasekhemwy">Khasekhemwy</a> </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs#Second_Dynasty" title="List of pharaohs">list</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt">Old Kingdom</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Third Dynasty of Egypt">Dynasty III</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Egypt" title="Memphis, Egypt">Memphis</a> </td> <td>2687 BC </td> <td>2613 BC </td> <td>73 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser">Djoser</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Huni" title="Huni">Huni</a> </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs#Third_Dynasty" title="List of pharaohs">list</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourth Dynasty of Egypt">Dynasty IV</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Egypt" title="Memphis, Egypt">Memphis</a> </td> <td>2613 BC </td> <td>2494 BC </td> <td>112 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sneferu" title="Sneferu">Sneferu</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shepseskaf" title="Shepseskaf">Shepseskaf</a><br /><i>or</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Thamphthis" title="Thamphthis">Thamphthis</a><sup id="cite_ref-Thamphthis_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thamphthis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs#Fourth_Dynasty" title="List of pharaohs">list</a>)<hr />(<a href="/wiki/Fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Fourth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">tree</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifth Dynasty of Egypt">Dynasty V</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Egypt" title="Memphis, Egypt">Memphis</a> </td> <td>2494 BC </td> <td>2345 BC </td> <td>149 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Userkaf" title="Userkaf">Userkaf</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unas" title="Unas">Unas</a> </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs#Fifth_Dynasty" title="List of pharaohs">list</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixth Dynasty of Egypt">Dynasty VI</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Egypt" title="Memphis, Egypt">Memphis</a> </td> <td>2345 BC </td> <td>2181 BC </td> <td>164 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Teti" title="Teti">Teti</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Merenre_Nemtyemsaf_II" title="Merenre Nemtyemsaf II">Merenre Nemtyemsaf II</a><br /><i>or</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Netjerkare_Siptah" title="Netjerkare Siptah">Netjerkare Siptah</a><sup id="cite_ref-NetjerkareSiptah_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NetjerkareSiptah-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><i>or</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Nitocris" title="Nitocris">Nitocris</a><sup id="cite_ref-Nitocris_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nitocris-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs#Sixth_Dynasty" title="List of pharaohs">list</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="8"><a href="/wiki/First_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="First Intermediate Period of Egypt">First Intermediate Period</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Seventh Dynasty of Egypt">Dynasty VII</a><sup id="cite_ref-DynastyVII_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DynastyVII-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Egypt" title="Memphis, Egypt">Memphis</a><sup id="cite_ref-Papazian2015_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Papazian2015-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 396">: 396 </span></sup> </td> <td><i>Unknown</i> </td> <td><i>Unknown</i> </td> <td><i>Unknown</i> </td> <td><i>Unknown</i> </td> <td><i>Unknown</i> </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs#Seventh_and_Eighth_Dynasties" title="List of pharaohs">list</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighth Dynasty of Egypt">Dynasty VIII</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Egypt" title="Memphis, Egypt">Memphis</a><sup id="cite_ref-Papazian2015_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Papazian2015-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 396">: 396 </span></sup> </td> <td>2181 BC </td> <td>2160 BC </td> <td>21 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Netjerkare_Siptah" title="Netjerkare Siptah">Netjerkare Siptah</a><sup id="cite_ref-NetjerkareSiptah_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NetjerkareSiptah-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><i>or</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Menkare" title="Menkare">Menkare</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neferirkare" title="Neferirkare">Neferirkare II</a> </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs#Seventh_and_Eighth_Dynasties" title="List of pharaohs">list</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Ninth Dynasty of Egypt">Dynasty IX</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Heracleopolis_Magna" title="Heracleopolis Magna">Heracleopolis Magna</a> </td> <td>2160 BC </td> <td>2130 BC </td> <td>30 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meryibre_Khety" title="Meryibre Khety">Meryibre Khety</a><sup id="cite_ref-MeryibreKhety_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MeryibreKhety-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><i>Unknown</i> </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs#Ninth_Dynasty" title="List of pharaohs">list</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Tenth Dynasty of Egypt">Dynasty X</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Heracleopolis_Magna" title="Heracleopolis Magna">Heracleopolis Magna</a> </td> <td>2130 BC </td> <td>2040 BC </td> <td>90 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meryhathor" title="Meryhathor">Meryhathor</a> </td> <td><i>Unknown</i> </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs#Tenth_Dynasty" title="List of pharaohs">list</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt">Dynasty XI</a><sup id="cite_ref-DynastyXI_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DynastyXI-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt" title="Thebes, Egypt">Thebes</a> </td> <td>2130 BC </td> <td>1991 BC </td> <td>139 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Intef_the_Elder" title="Intef the Elder">Intef</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_IV" title="Mentuhotep IV">Mentuhotep IV</a> </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs#Eleventh_Dynasty" title="List of pharaohs">list</a>)<hr />(<a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt family tree">tree</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt">Dynasty XII</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Itjtawy" title="Itjtawy">Itjtawy</a> </td> <td>1991 BC </td> <td>1802 BC </td> <td>189 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_I" title="Amenemhat I">Amenemhat I</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sobekneferu" title="Sobekneferu">Sobekneferu</a> </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs#Twelfth_Dynasty" title="List of pharaohs">list</a>)<hr />(<a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">tree</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Dynasty XIII</a><sup id="cite_ref-DynastyXIII_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DynastyXIII-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Itjtawy" title="Itjtawy">Itjtawy</a> </td> <td>1803 BC </td> <td>1649 BC </td> <td>154 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre_Khutawy_Sobekhotep" title="Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep">Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep</a> </td> <td><i>Unknown</i> </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs#Thirteenth_Dynasty" title="List of pharaohs">list</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Second Intermediate Period of Egypt">Second Intermediate Period</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Dynasty XIV</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Avaris" title="Avaris">Avaris</a> </td> <td>1725 BC </td> <td>1650 BC </td> <td>75 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yakbim_Sekhaenre" title="Yakbim Sekhaenre">Yakbim Sekhaenre</a><sup id="cite_ref-YakbimSekhaenre_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YakbimSekhaenre-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><i>Unknown</i> </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs#Fourteenth_Dynasty" title="List of pharaohs">list</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Dynasty XV</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Hyksos)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Avaris" title="Avaris">Avaris</a> </td> <td>1650 BC </td> <td>1550 BC </td> <td>100 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salitis" title="Salitis">Salitis</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khamudi" title="Khamudi">Khamudi</a> </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs#Fifteenth_Dynasty" title="List of pharaohs">list</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Abydos_Dynasty" title="Abydos Dynasty">Abydos dynasty</a><sup id="cite_ref-Abydos_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abydos-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abydos,_Egypt" title="Abydos, Egypt">Abydos</a> </td> <td>1650 BC </td> <td>1600 BC </td> <td>50 years </td> <td><i>Unknown</i> </td> <td><i>Unknown</i> </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs#Abydos_Dynasty" title="List of pharaohs">list</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Dynasty XVI</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt" title="Thebes, Egypt">Thebes</a><br /><i>or</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Avaris" title="Avaris">Avaris</a> </td> <td>1649 BC </td> <td>1582 BC </td> <td>67 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anat-her" title="Anat-her">Anat-her</a> </td> <td><i>Unknown</i> </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs#Sixteenth_Dynasty" title="List of pharaohs">list</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt">Dynasty XVII</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt" title="Thebes, Egypt">Thebes</a> </td> <td>1580 BC </td> <td>1550 BC </td> <td>30 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rahotep" class="mw-redirect" title="Rahotep">Rahotep</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kamose" title="Kamose">Kamose</a> </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs#Seventeenth_Dynasty" title="List of pharaohs">list</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="8"><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Dynasty XVIII</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt" title="Thebes, Egypt">Thebes</a><br /><i>and</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Amarna" title="Amarna">Amarna</a> </td> <td>1550 BC </td> <td>1292 BC </td> <td>258 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ahmose_I" title="Ahmose I">Ahmose I</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Horemheb" title="Horemheb">Horemheb</a> </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs#Eighteenth_Dynasty" title="List of pharaohs">list</a>)<hr />(<a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">tree</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Dynasty XIX</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt" title="Thebes, Egypt">Thebes</a><br /><i>and</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Egypt" title="Memphis, Egypt">Memphis</a><br /><i>and</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Pi-Ramesses" title="Pi-Ramesses">Pi-Ramesses</a> </td> <td>1292 BC </td> <td>1189 BC </td> <td>103 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_I" title="Ramesses I">Ramesses I</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Twosret" class="mw-redirect" title="Twosret">Twosret</a> </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs#Nineteenth_Dynasty" title="List of pharaohs">list</a>)<hr />(<a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">tree</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt">Dynasty XX</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pi-Ramesses" title="Pi-Ramesses">Pi-Ramesses</a> </td> <td>1189 BC </td> <td>1077 BC </td> <td>112 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Setnakhte" title="Setnakhte">Setnakhte</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_XI" title="Ramesses XI">Ramesses XI</a> </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs#Twentieth_Dynasty" title="List of pharaohs">list</a>)<hr />(<a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt#Pharaonic_Family_tree" title="Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt">tree</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Third_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Third Intermediate Period of Egypt">Third Intermediate Period</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Twenty-first_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt">Dynasty XXI</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tanis" title="Tanis">Tanis</a> </td> <td>1069 BC </td> <td>943 BC </td> <td>126 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Smendes" title="Smendes">Smendes</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Psusennes_II" title="Psusennes II">Psusennes II</a> </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs#Twenty-First_Dynasty" title="List of pharaohs">list</a>)<hr />(<a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_the_Twenty-first,_Twenty-second,_and_Twenty-third_Dynasties_of_Egypt" title="Family tree of the Twenty-first, Twenty-second, and Twenty-third Dynasties of Egypt">tree</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Twenty-second_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt">Dynasty XXII</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Meshwesh)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tanis" title="Tanis">Tanis</a><br /><i>and</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Bubastis" title="Bubastis">Bubastis</a> </td> <td>943 BC </td> <td>720 BC </td> <td>223 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_I" title="Shoshenq I">Shoshenq I</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_IV" title="Osorkon IV">Osorkon IV</a> </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs#Twenty-Second_Dynasty" title="List of pharaohs">list</a>)<hr />(<a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_the_Twenty-first,_Twenty-second,_and_Twenty-third_Dynasties_of_Egypt" title="Family tree of the Twenty-first, Twenty-second, and Twenty-third Dynasties of Egypt">tree</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Twenty-third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt">Dynasty XXIII</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Meshwesh)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Heracleopolis_Magna" title="Heracleopolis Magna">Heracleopolis Magna</a><br /><i>or</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Hermopolis" title="Hermopolis">Hermopolis</a><br /><i>or</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt" title="Thebes, Egypt">Thebes</a> </td> <td>837 BC </td> <td>728 BC </td> <td>109 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harsiese_A" title="Harsiese A">Harsiese A</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rudamun" title="Rudamun">Rudamun</a> </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs#Twenty-Third_Dynasty" title="List of pharaohs">list</a>)<hr />(<a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_the_Twenty-first,_Twenty-second,_and_Twenty-third_Dynasties_of_Egypt" title="Family tree of the Twenty-first, Twenty-second, and Twenty-third Dynasties of Egypt">tree</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt">Dynasty XXIV</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sais,_Egypt" title="Sais, Egypt">Sais</a> </td> <td>732 BC </td> <td>720 BC </td> <td>12 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tefnakht" title="Tefnakht">Tefnakht</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bakenranef" title="Bakenranef">Bakenranef</a> </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs#Twenty-Fourth_Dynasty" title="List of pharaohs">list</a>)<hr />(<a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt#Family_tree" title="Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt">tree</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt">Dynasty XXV</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Nubian)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Egypt" title="Memphis, Egypt">Memphis</a><br /><i>and</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Napata" title="Napata">Napata</a> </td> <td>744 BC </td> <td>656 BC </td> <td>88 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Piye" title="Piye">Piye</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tantamani" title="Tantamani">Tantamani</a> </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs#Twenty-Fifth_Dynasty_(Nubian_Period)" title="List of pharaohs">list</a>)<hr />(<a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">tree</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Late_Period_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Late Period of ancient Egypt">Late Period</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt">Dynasty XXVI</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sais,_Egypt" title="Sais, Egypt">Sais</a> </td> <td>664 BC </td> <td>525 BC </td> <td>139 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Psamtik_I" title="Psamtik I">Psamtik I</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Psamtik_III" title="Psamtik III">Psamtik III</a> </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs#Twenty-Sixth_Dynasty" title="List of pharaohs">list</a>)<hr />(<a href="/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">tree</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Twenty-seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt">Dynasty XXVII</a><sup id="cite_ref-DynastyXXVII_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DynastyXXVII-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Persian)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a> </td> <td>525 BC </td> <td>404 BC </td> <td>121 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cambyses_II" title="Cambyses II">Cambyses II</a><sup id="cite_ref-CambysesII_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CambysesII-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Darius_II" title="Darius II">Darius II</a><sup id="cite_ref-DariusII_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DariusII-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>l<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs#Twenty-Seventh_Dynasty" title="List of pharaohs">list</a>)<hr />(<a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_family_tree" title="Achaemenid family tree">tree</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Twenty-eighth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt">Dynasty XXVIII</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sais,_Egypt" title="Sais, Egypt">Sais</a> </td> <td>404 BC </td> <td>398 BC </td> <td>6 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amyrtaeus" title="Amyrtaeus">Amyrtaeus</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amyrtaeus" title="Amyrtaeus">Amyrtaeus</a> </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs#Twenty-Eighth_Dynasty" title="List of pharaohs">list</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Twenty-ninth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt">Dynasty XXIX</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mendes" title="Mendes">Mendes</a> </td> <td>398 BC </td> <td>380 BC </td> <td>18 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nepherites_I" title="Nepherites I">Nepherites I</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nepherites_II" title="Nepherites II">Nepherites II</a> </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs#Twenty-Ninth_Dynasty" title="List of pharaohs">list</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thirtieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt">Dynasty XXX</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sebennytos" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebennytos">Sebennytos</a> </td> <td>380 BC </td> <td>343 BC </td> <td>37 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nectanebo_I" title="Nectanebo I">Nectanebo I</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nectanebo_II" title="Nectanebo II">Nectanebo II</a> </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs#Thirtieth_Dynasty" title="List of pharaohs">list</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thirty-first_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt">Dynasty XXXI</a><sup id="cite_ref-DynastyXXXI_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DynastyXXXI-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Persian)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a> </td> <td>343 BC </td> <td>332 BC </td> <td>11 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_III" title="Artaxerxes III">Artaxerxes III</a><sup id="cite_ref-ArtaxerxesIII_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArtaxerxesIII-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Darius_III" title="Darius III">Darius III</a><sup id="cite_ref-DariusIII_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DariusIII-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>o<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs#Thirty-First_Dynasty_(second_Persian_period)" title="List of pharaohs">list</a>)<hr />(<a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_family_tree" title="Achaemenid family tree">tree</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="8">Greco–Roman Period </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Argead_dynasty" title="Argead dynasty">Argead dynasty</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Greek)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pella" title="Pella">Pella</a><sup id="cite_ref-Pella_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pella-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>p<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>332 BC </td> <td>309 BC </td> <td>23 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander III of Macedon</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexander_IV_of_Macedon" title="Alexander IV of Macedon">Alexander IV of Macedon</a> </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs#Argead_Dynasty" title="List of pharaohs">list</a>)<hr />(<a href="/wiki/Argead_dynasty#Family_tree" title="Argead dynasty">tree</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic dynasty</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Greek)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> </td> <td>305 BC </td> <td>30 BC </td> <td>275 years </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter" title="Ptolemy I Soter">Ptolemy I Soter</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caesarion" title="Caesarion">Caesarion</a> </td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs#Ptolemaic_Dynasty" title="List of pharaohs">list</a>)<hr />(<a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty#Ptolemaic_family_tree" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">tree</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="text-align: center;">Egypt was incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> in 30 BCE.<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(see <a href="/wiki/Egypt_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egypt (Roman province)">Roman Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_pharaoh" title="Roman pharaoh">Roman pharaoh</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_dynasties" title="List of Roman dynasties">List of Roman dynasties</a>)</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:608px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reigning_times_of_the_31_Egyptian_Dynasties.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The 31 pre-Ptolemaic dynasties by the length of their rule (in 25-year bins), each dynasty being a coloured box. The early dynasties and the three Kingdoms are blue, with darker colours meaning older. Intermediate periods are red, orange, and yellow. Note that multiple dynasties could reign from different cities simultaneously in intermediate periods and at the end of the Middle Kingdom. Dynastic reigning times are often very approximate; the above uses the dates of the Egyptian dynasty list template."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Reigning_times_of_the_31_Egyptian_Dynasties.png/600px-Reigning_times_of_the_31_Egyptian_Dynasties.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="340" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Reigning_times_of_the_31_Egyptian_Dynasties.png/900px-Reigning_times_of_the_31_Egyptian_Dynasties.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Reigning_times_of_the_31_Egyptian_Dynasties.png 2x" data-file-width="1162" data-file-height="658" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Reigning_times_of_the_31_Egyptian_Dynasties.png" title="File:Reigning times of the 31 Egyptian Dynasties.png"> </a></div>The 31 pre-Ptolemaic dynasties by the length of their rule (in 25-year bins),<sup id="cite_ref-Example_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Example-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>q<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> each dynasty being a coloured box. The early dynasties and the three Kingdoms are blue, with darker colours meaning older. Intermediate periods are red, orange, and yellow. Note that multiple dynasties could reign from different cities simultaneously in intermediate periods and at the end of the Middle Kingdom. Dynastic reigning times are often very approximate; the above uses the dates of the Egyptian dynasty list template.</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dynasties_of_ancient_Egypt&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Pyramidi_aavikolla.png/28px-Pyramidi_aavikolla.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Pyramidi_aavikolla.png/42px-Pyramidi_aavikolla.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Pyramidi_aavikolla.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Egypt" title="Portal:Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs" title="List of pharaohs">List of pharaohs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_chronology" title="Egyptian chronology">Egyptian chronology</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dynasties_of_ancient_Egypt&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Thamphthis-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thamphthis_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The existence of <a href="/wiki/Thamphthis" title="Thamphthis">Thamphthis</a> is not archaeologically attested.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NetjerkareSiptah-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NetjerkareSiptah_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NetjerkareSiptah_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Netjerkare_Siptah" title="Netjerkare Siptah">Netjerkare Siptah</a> could either be the last monarch of Dynasty VI or the founder of Dynasty VIII depending on the historian's characterization.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nitocris-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nitocris_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The existence of <a href="/wiki/Nitocris" title="Nitocris">Nitocris</a> is not archaeologically attested.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DynastyVII-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DynastyVII_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The only historical account of <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Seventh Dynasty of Egypt">Dynasty VII</a> was found in <i>Aegyptiaca</i> by <a href="/wiki/Manetho" title="Manetho">Manetho</a>. Some historians consider Dynasty VII to be fictitious.<sup id="cite_ref-Papazian2015_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Papazian2015-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 393">: 393 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: xiii">: xiii </span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MeryibreKhety-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MeryibreKhety_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some historians consider <a href="/wiki/Meryibre_Khety" title="Meryibre Khety">Meryibre Khety</a> to be the founder of Dynasty IX,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gardiner112_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardiner112-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cah_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cah-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while others believe that Meryibre Khety reigned during Dynasty X.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DynastyXI-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DynastyXI_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dynasty XI before the reign of <a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_II" title="Mentuhotep II">Mentuhotep II</a> is typically classified as part of the <a href="/wiki/First_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="First Intermediate Period of Egypt">First Intermediate Period of Egypt</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DynastyXIII-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DynastyXIII_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some historians classify Dynasty XIII as part of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Second Intermediate Period of Egypt">Second Intermediate Period of Egypt</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-YakbimSekhaenre-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-YakbimSekhaenre_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some historians consider <a href="/wiki/Yakbim_Sekhaenre" title="Yakbim Sekhaenre">Yakbim Sekhaenre</a> to be the founder of Dynasty XIV,<sup id="cite_ref-R409_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R409-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while others believe Yakbim Sekhaenre reigned during Dynasty XVI.<sup id="cite_ref-eglyph_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eglyph-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Abydos-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Abydos_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The existence of the <a href="/wiki/Abydos_Dynasty" title="Abydos Dynasty">Abydos dynasty</a> is debated.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DynastyXXVII-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DynastyXXVII_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt">Dynasty XXVII</a> is a historiographical nomenclature that denotes the first line of <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid</a> monarchs that ruled over Egypt.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CambysesII-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CambysesII_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Cambyses_II" title="Cambyses II">Cambyses II</a> was the second monarch of the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a> and the first Achaemenid ruler to establish control over Egypt.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DariusII-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DariusII_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Darius_II" title="Darius II">Darius II</a> was the ninth monarch of the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a> and the eighth Achaemenid ruler to rule over Egypt.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DynastyXXXI-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DynastyXXXI_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Thirty-first_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt">Dynasty XXXI</a> is a historiographical nomenclature that denotes the second line of <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid</a> monarchs that ruled over Egypt.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ArtaxerxesIII-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ArtaxerxesIII_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_III" title="Artaxerxes III">Artaxerxes III</a> was the eleventh monarch of the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a> and the first Achaemenid ruler to restore control over Egypt following a 61-year hiatus.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DariusIII-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DariusIII_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Darius_III" title="Darius III">Darius III</a> was the thirteenth monarch of the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a> and the last Achaemenid ruler to rule over Egypt.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pella-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pella_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The capital of <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedonia</a> during its rule over Egypt was <a href="/wiki/Pella" title="Pella">Pella</a>. The Egyptian administrative center during this period was <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Example-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Example_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Starting on the far right of this chart, only one dynasty lasted over 250 years (18th dynasty). Two dynasties lasted between 200 and 225 years (two boxes). One dynasty lasted between 175 and 200 years (one box), etc.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dynasties_of_ancient_Egypt&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Papazian2015-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Papazian2015_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Papazian2015_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Papazian2015_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHratch_Papazian2015" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Hratch Papazian (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vP3dCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA395">"The State of Egypt in the 100th Dynasty"</a>. In Peter Der Manuelian; Thomas Schneider (eds.). <i>Towards a New History for the Egyptian Old Kingdom: Perspectives on the Pyramid Age</i>. Harvard Egyptological Studies. BRILL.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+State+of+Egypt+in+the+100th+Dynasty&rft.btitle=Towards+a+New+History+for+the+Egyptian+Old+Kingdom%3A+Perspectives+on+the+Pyramid+Age&rft.series=Harvard+Egyptological+Studies&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2015&rft.au=Hratch+Papazian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvP3dCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA395&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADynasties+of+ancient+Egypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Toby_Wilkinson" title="Toby Wilkinson">Wilkinson, Toby</a> (2010). "Timeline". <i>The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt</i>. New York: Random House. p. xiii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781408810026" title="Special:BookSources/9781408810026"><bdi>9781408810026</bdi></a>. <q>The system of dynasties devised in the third century B.C. is not without its problems—for example, the Sixth Dynasty is now recognized as being wholly spurious, while several dynasties are known to have ruled concurrently in different parts of Egypt...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Timeline&rft.btitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=xiii&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781408810026&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=Toby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADynasties+of+ancient+Egypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrie1897" class="citation book cs1">Petrie, William M.F. (1897). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ahistoryegyptfr00petrgoog"><i>A History of Egypt from the Earliest Times to the XVIth Dynasty</i></a>. C. Scribner's Sons. p. 114-115.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Egypt+from+the+Earliest+Times+to+the+XVIth+Dynasty&rft.pages=114-115&rft.pub=C.+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1897&rft.aulast=Petrie&rft.aufirst=William+M.F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fahistoryegyptfr00petrgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADynasties+of+ancient+Egypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gardiner112-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gardiner112_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Gardiner" title="Alan Gardiner">Alan Gardiner</a>, <i>Egypt of the Pharaohs. An introduction</i>, Oxford University Press, 1961, p. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cah-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cah_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/William_C._Hayes" title="William C. Hayes">William C. Hayes</a>, in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cambridge_Ancient_History" title="The Cambridge Ancient History">The Cambridge Ancient History</a></i>, vol 1, part 2, 1971 (2008), Cambridge University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-07791-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-07791-5">0-521-07791-5</a>, p. 464.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrimalShawGrimal2001" class="citation book cs1">Grimal, Nicolas; Shaw, Ian; Grimal, Nicolas (2001). <i>A history of ancient Egypt</i>. Oxford: Blackwell. p. 140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-631-19396-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-631-19396-8"><bdi>978-0-631-19396-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+ancient+Egypt&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-631-19396-8&rft.aulast=Grimal&rft.aufirst=Nicolas&rft.au=Shaw%2C+Ian&rft.au=Grimal%2C+Nicolas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADynasties+of+ancient+Egypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeckerath1999" class="citation book cs1">Beckerath, Jürgen von (1999). <i>Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen</i>. Münchner ägyptologische Studien (2., verb. u. erw. Aufl ed.). Mainz: P. von Zabern. p. 74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8053-2591-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8053-2591-2"><bdi>978-3-8053-2591-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbuch+der+%C3%A4gyptischen+K%C3%B6nigsnamen&rft.place=Mainz&rft.series=M%C3%BCnchner+%C3%A4gyptologische+Studien&rft.pages=74&rft.edition=2.%2C+verb.+u.+erw.+Aufl&rft.pub=P.+von+Zabern&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-3-8053-2591-2&rft.aulast=Beckerath&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCrgen+von&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADynasties+of+ancient+Egypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-R409-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-R409_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt1997">Ryholt (1997)</a>, p. 409</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eglyph-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eglyph_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eglyphica.de/egpharaonen/inhalt/kings/jakebmu/geburt.html">Sekhaenre Yakbim on Egyphica.net</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dynasties_of_ancient_Egypt&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyholt1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kim_Ryholt" title="Kim Ryholt">Ryholt, Kim</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ANRi7cM5ZwsC"><i>The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period c.1800-1550 B.C.</i></a> Museum Tuscalanum Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788772894218" title="Special:BookSources/9788772894218"><bdi>9788772894218</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Political+Situation+in+Egypt+during+the+Second+Intermediate+Period+c.1800-1550+B.C.&rft.pub=Museum+Tuscalanum+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9788772894218&rft.aulast=Ryholt&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DANRi7cM5ZwsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADynasties+of+ancient+Egypt" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid 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