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Orbita — Wikipèdia

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class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modifier l&#039;apparence de la taille, de la largeur et de la couleur de la police de la page" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_oc.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=oc" class=""><span>Far un don</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_un_compte&amp;returnto=Orbita" title="Vos es conselhat de crear un compte e de vos connectar ; pasmens, es pas obligatòri" class=""><span>Crear un compte</span></a> </li> <li 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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Somari" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Somari</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Començament</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Forma_de_l&#039;orbita" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forma_de_l&#039;orbita"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Forma de l'orbita</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Forma_de_l&#039;orbita-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Forma de l'orbita</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Forma_de_l&#039;orbita-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Orbita_elliptica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orbita_elliptica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Orbita elliptica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orbita_elliptica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orbita_parabolica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orbita_parabolica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Orbita parabolica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orbita_parabolica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orbita_iperbolica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orbita_iperbolica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Orbita iperbolica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orbita_iperbolica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Determinacion_de_l&#039;orbita" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Determinacion_de_l&#039;orbita"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Determinacion de l'orbita</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Determinacion_de_l&#039;orbita-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Determinacion de l'orbita</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Determinacion_de_l&#039;orbita-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Perturbacions_orbitalas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perturbacions_orbitalas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Perturbacions orbitalas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perturbacions_orbitalas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orbitas_dels_còrs_naturals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orbitas_dels_còrs_naturals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Orbitas dels còrs naturals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orbitas_dels_còrs_naturals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orbitas_de_los_còrs_artificials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orbitas_de_los_còrs_artificials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Orbitas de los còrs artificials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orbitas_de_los_còrs_artificials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vejaz_tanben" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vejaz_tanben"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vejaz tanben</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vejaz_tanben-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Somari" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Orbita</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 108 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-108" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">108 lengas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wentelbaan" title="Wentelbaan - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wentelbaan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umlaufbahn" title="Umlaufbahn - aleman de Soïssa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Umlaufbahn" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="aleman de Soïssa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbita" title="Orbita - aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Orbita" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="مدار - arabi" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مدار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AB%DC%92%DC%9D%DC%A0%DC%90_(%DC%A1%DC%A1%DC%A0%DC%A0%DC%98%DC%AC_%DC%9F%DC%98%DC%9F%DC%92%DC%90)" title="ܫܒܝܠܐ (ܡܡܠܠܘܬ ܟܘܟܒܐ) - arameu" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܫܒܝܠܐ (ܡܡܠܠܘܬ ܟܘܟܒܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93rbita" title="Órbita - asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Órbita" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit" title="Orbit - azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Orbit" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="اوربیت - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اوربیت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Арбіта - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Арбіта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Арбіта - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Арбіта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Орбита - bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Орбита" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2)" title="कक्षा (खगोल) - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कक्षा (खगोल)" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A5_(%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B9)" title="কক্ষপথ (গ্রহ) - bengalin" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কক্ষপথ (গ্রহ)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbitenn" title="Orbitenn - breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Orbitenn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetarna_putanja" title="Planetarna putanja - bosniac" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Planetarna putanja" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92rbita" title="Òrbita - catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Òrbita" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%84%DA%AF%DB%95" title="خولگە - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خولگە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ob%C4%9B%C5%BEn%C3%A1_dr%C3%A1ha" title="Oběžná dráha - chèc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Oběžná dráha" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oml%C3%B8bsbane" title="Omløbsbane - danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Omløbsbane" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umlaufbahn" title="Umlaufbahn - alemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Umlaufbahn" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit" title="Orbit - anglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Orbit" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbito" title="Orbito - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Orbito" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93rbita" title="Órbita - espanhòl" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Órbita" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbiit" title="Orbiit - estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Orbiit" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbita" title="Orbita - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Orbita" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_(%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87)" title="مدار (سیاره) - perse" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مدار (سیاره)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiertorata" title="Kiertorata - finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kiertorata" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbite" title="Orbite - francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Orbite" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baan_(astronomy)" title="Baan (astronomy) - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Baan (astronomy)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fithis" title="Fithis - irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fithis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92rbit" title="Òrbit - créole guyanais" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Òrbit" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="créole guyanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reul-chuairt" title="Reul-chuairt - gaelic escossés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Reul-chuairt" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelic escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93rbita" title="Órbita - galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Órbita" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruinlagh" title="Cruinlagh - manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Cruinlagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%99%D7%93%D7%AA%D7%99" title="מסלול כבידתי - ebrèu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מסלול כבידתי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebrèu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80)" title="कक्षा (भौतिकी) - Indi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कक्षा (भौतिकी)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Indi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetarna_putanja" title="Planetarna putanja - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Planetarna putanja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92bit" title="Òbit - crioll d’Haití" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Òbit" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioll d’Haití" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%A5%D5%AE%D5%AB%D6%80" title="Ուղեծիր - armèni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուղեծիր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armèni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbita" title="Orbita - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Orbita" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit" title="Orbit - indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orbit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebe_a_na-agba_ya" title="Ebe a na-agba ya - igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ebe a na-agba ya" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbito" title="Orbito - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Orbito" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbita" title="Orbita - italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Orbita" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93_(%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6)" title="軌道 (力学) - japonés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="軌道 (力学)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aabit" title="Aabit - crioll anglès de Jamaica" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Aabit" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="crioll anglès de Jamaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit" title="Orbit - javanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Orbit" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90" title="ორბიტა - georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ორბიტა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timezzit" title="Timezzit - cabil" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Timezzit" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Орбита - cazac" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Орбита" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ಕಕ್ಷೆ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಕ್ಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B6%A4%EB%8F%84" title="궤도 - corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="궤도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%85" title="Чорх - karatxai-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Чорх" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karatxai-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xulgeh" title="Xulgeh - curd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Xulgeh" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Орбита - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Орбита" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbita" title="Orbita - latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Orbita" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Bmlafbunn" title="Ëmlafbunn - luxemborgés" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ëmlafbunn" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemborgés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbita" title="Orbita - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Orbita" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbita" title="Orbita - lituan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Orbita" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orb%C4%ABta" title="Orbīta - leton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Orbīta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="leton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit" title="Orbit - minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Orbit" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Орбита - macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Орбита" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%82" title="ഭ്രമണപഥം - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഭ്രമണപഥം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Тойрог зам - mongòl" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тойрог зам" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="कक्षा - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कक्षा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit" title="Orbit - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Orbit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ပတ်လမ်းကြောင်း - birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပတ်လမ်းကြောင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cmloopbahn" title="Ümloopbahn - baix alemany" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ümloopbahn" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baix alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baan_(hemellichaam)" title="Baan (hemellichaam) - neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Baan (hemellichaam)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bane" title="Bane - norvegian nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bane" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegian nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bane" title="Bane - norvegian bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bane" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegian bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbiiti" title="Orbiiti - oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Orbiiti" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A7_(%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8)" title="ਪੰਧ (ਤਾਰਾ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ) - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੰਧ (ਤਾਰਾ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbita" title="Orbita - polonés" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Orbita" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="مدار - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مدار" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93rbita" title="Órbita - portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Órbita" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit%C4%83_(astronomie)" title="Orbită (astronomie) - romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Orbită (astronomie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Орбита - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Орбита" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Орбита - ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Орбита" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%8D%D1%80_%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Эргийэр ии - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Эргийэр ии" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92rbita" title="Òrbita - sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Òrbita" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbita" title="Orbita - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Orbita" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%82" title="කක්ෂ - singalès" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කක්ෂ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit" title="Orbit - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Orbit" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obe%C5%BEn%C3%A1_dr%C3%A1ha" title="Obežná dráha - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Obežná dráha" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tir" title="Tir - eslovèn" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tir" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boterekwa" title="Boterekwa - shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Boterekwa" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbita" title="Orbita - albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Orbita" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Орбита - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Орбита" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit" title="Orbit - sondanès" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Orbit" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omloppsbana" title="Omloppsbana - suedés" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Omloppsbana" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mzunguko" title="Mzunguko - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mzunguko" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88" title="சுற்றுப்பாதை - tamol" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சுற்றுப்பாதை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF" title="కక్ష్య - telogó" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కక్ష్య" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telogó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A3" title="วงโคจร - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วงโคจร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligiran" title="Ligiran - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ligiran" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%B6r%C3%BCnge" title="Yörünge - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yörünge" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Орбіта - ucrainés" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Орбіта" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucrainés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="مدار - ordó" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مدار" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ordó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbitalar_haqida" title="Orbitalar haqida - ozbèc" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Orbitalar haqida" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ozbèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92rbita" title="Òrbita - vènet" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Òrbita" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vènet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit" title="Orbit - vepse" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Orbit" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BB%B9_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1o_(thi%C3%AAn_th%E1%BB%83)" title="Quỹ đạo (thiên thể) - vietnamian" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quỹ đạo (thiên thể)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbita" title="Orbita - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Orbita" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%EF%BC%88%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6%EF%BC%89" title="轨道(力学) - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="轨道(力学)" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93_(%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6)" title="轨道 (力学) - chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="轨道 (力学)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93" title="軌道 - cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="軌道" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzungezohlelo" title="Uzungezohlelo - zólo" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Uzungezohlelo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zólo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4130#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modificar los ligams interlenga" class="wbc-editpage">Modificar los ligams</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacis de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Orbita" title="Veire l’article [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discutir:Orbita&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussion a prepaus d&#039;aquesta pagina (la pagina existís pas) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">occitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Afichatges"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Orbita"><span>Legir</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbita&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modificar aquela pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbita&amp;action=edit" title="Modificar lo còdi font d&#039;aquela pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbita&amp;action=history" title="Los autors e versions precedentas d&#039;aquesta pagina. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Veire l'istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bóstia d&#039;aisinas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bóstia d&#039;aisinas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aisinas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai d&#039;opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Orbita"><span>Legir</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbita&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modificar aquela pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbita&amp;action=edit" title="Modificar lo còdi font d&#039;aquela pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbita&amp;action=history"><span>Veire l'istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generau </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Paginas_ligadas/Orbita" title="Lista de las paginas ligadas a aquesta. [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Paginas connèxas</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguit_dels_ligams/Orbita" rel="nofollow" title="Lista dels darrièrs cambiaments de las paginas ligadas a aquesta [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Seguit dels ligams</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=oc" title="Mandar un imatge o fichièr mèdia sul servidor [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Importar un fichièr</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Paginas_especialas" title="Lista de totas las paginas especialas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Paginas especialas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbita&amp;oldid=1919646" title="Ligam permanent cap a aquesta version de la pagina"><span>Ligam permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbita&amp;action=info" title="Mai d’informacion sus aquesta pagina"><span>Informacion sus la pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&amp;page=Orbita&amp;id=1919646&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacions sus cossí citar aquesta pagina"><span>Citar aqueste article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Foc.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOrbita"><span>Obténer una URL acorchida</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Foc.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOrbita"><span>Telecargar lo còdi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir / exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Libre&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Orbita"><span>Crear un libre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Orbita&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Telecargar coma PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbita&amp;printable=yes" title="Version imprimibla d&#039;aquesta pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimibla</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dins d&#039;autres projèctes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Orbits" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4130" title="Ligam cap a l’element de referencial de las donadas connectadas [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipèdia, l&#039;enciclopèdia liura.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="oc" dir="ltr"><p>En <a href="/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica">fisica</a>, l'<b>orbita</b> es lo camin qu'un objècte percorrís dins l'espaci a l'entorn d'un autre objècte, jos l'influéncia d'una <a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%B2r%C3%A7a_centripeta&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fòrça centripeta (la pagina existís pas)">fòrça centripeta</a>. En particular, especialament dins las sciéncias de l'espaci (<a href="/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia">astronomia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astrofisica" title="Astrofisica">astrofisica</a> e <a href="/wiki/Astronautica" title="Astronautica">astronautica</a>), se referís als camins percorreguts pels còrs celèstes jos influéncia de la <a href="/wiki/Gravitat" title="Gravitat">gravitat</a>. </p><p>Dos còrs en atraccion gravitacionala mutuala descrivon d'orbitas <a href="/wiki/Ellipsa" title="Ellipsa">ellipticas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parab%C3%B2la" title="Parabòla">parabolicas</a> o <a href="/wiki/Iperb%C3%B2la" title="Iperbòla">iperbolicas</a> seguent las <a href="/wiki/Leis_de_Kepler" title="Leis de Kepler">leis de Kepler</a>, que se pòdon derivar de la <a href="/wiki/Lei_de_la_gravitacion_universala" title="Lei de la gravitacion universala">lei de la gravitacion</a> de <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Newton</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Forma_de_l'orbita"><span id="Forma_de_l.27orbita"></span>Forma de l'orbita</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbita&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modificar la seccion : Forma de l&#039;orbita" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbita&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Forma de l&#039;orbita"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La majoritat dels còrs celèstes seguisson una orbita a l'entorn d'un autre còrs fòrça mai massís. En primièra aproximacion, se pòt considerar que los còrs en orbita se tròban somés unicament a la gravitat del còrs a l'entorn d'aquela orbita. En aquela situacion, l'orbita pren la forma d'una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corba_conica&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Corba conica (la pagina existís pas)">corba conica</a> (es a dire una <a href="/wiki/Ellipsa" title="Ellipsa">ellipsa</a>, una <a href="/wiki/Parab%C3%B2la" title="Parabòla">parabòla</a> o una <a href="/wiki/Iperb%C3%B2la" title="Iperbòla">iperbòla</a>), situant lo còrs massís en un dels fòcus de la corba. </p><p>Aquò es una consequéncia matematica del fach que l'atraccion gravitacionala entre dos còrs es proporcionala a l'invèrs del carrat de la distància que los separa. </p><p>Lo fach de presentar una o l'autra d'aquelas formas depend de l'<b>energia orbitala especifica</b> del còrs en orbita. Aquela quantitat representa l'<a href="/wiki/Energia_mecanica" title="Energia mecanica">energia mecanica</a> per unitat de <a href="/wiki/Massa" title="Massa">massa</a> del còrs (es a dire, la soma de son <a href="/wiki/Energia_cinetica" title="Energia cinetica">energia cinetica</a> e son <a href="/wiki/Energia_potenciala" title="Energia potenciala">energia potenciala</a>). L'energia orbitala es constanta pendent tota l'orbita e s'exprimís coma: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K={\frac {V^{2}}{2}}-{\frac {\mu }{r}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>K</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msup> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>&#x03BC;<!-- μ --></mi> <mi>r</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K={\frac {V^{2}}{2}}-{\frac {\mu }{r}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/24e125b0da4e04f0237e1b5acb6bbf71dde76578" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:14.05ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K={\frac {V^{2}}{2}}-{\frac {\mu }{r}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Ont: </p> <ul><li><i>K</i> es l'energia orbitala</li> <li><i>V</i> es la velocitat del còrs en orbita (en modul)</li> <li><i>µ</i> es la constanta gravitacionala del còrs massís a l'entorn d'aquel aqueste es orbita. Es egal al produch de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constanta_gravitacionala_universala&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Constanta gravitacionala universala (la pagina existís pas)">constanta gravitacionala universala</a> (G) amb la massa d'aquel còrs (M), çò es:</li></ul> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mu =G\cdot M}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>&#x03BC;<!-- μ --></mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>G</mi> <mo>&#x22C5;<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <mi>M</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mu =G\cdot M}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4cf3ece98ead27b3858da691f6ae5cb571e7e11f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.448ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mu =G\cdot M}"></span></dd> <dd>Dins lo cas de la <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A8rra" title="Tèrra">Tèrra</a> <i>µ</i> val <span class="nowrap">398&#160;600&#160;km<sup>3</sup>/s<sup>2</sup></span></dd></dl> <ul><li>e <i>r</i> es la distància entre los dos còrs</li></ul> <p>La forma de l'orbita es determinada per l'energia orbitala. Se l'energia orbitala es negativa (K &lt; 0) l'orbita serà elliptica, s'es nulla (K = 0) l'orbita serà parabolica e s'es positiva (K &gt; 0) l'orbita serà iperbolica. </p><p>Dins lo <a href="/wiki/Sist%C3%A8ma_Solar" title="Sistèma Solar">Sistèma Solar</a> l'immensa majoritat dels còrs seguisson d'orbitas ellipticas. Pasmens qualques uns seguisson d'orbitas iperbolicas e dins aquel cas son de <a href="/wiki/Cometa" title="Cometa">cometas</a> o de sondas artificialas. Las orbitas parabolicas constituisson un cas limit e que solament existisson teoricament. En realitat, un còrs en orbita parabolica seriá somés a de perturbacions que faràn que l'orbita vendriá elliptica o iperbolica. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orbita_elliptica">Orbita elliptica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbita&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modificar la seccion : Orbita elliptica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbita&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Orbita elliptica"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Elliptic_orbit.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Elliptic_orbit.gif" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Animacion mostrant lo movement d'un còrs (verd) en orbita elliptica d'excentricitat 0,7 a l'entorn d'un còrs central (blau). Tanben se mòstran lo rai de la periapsida (<b>r<sub>p</sub></b>) e lo rai de l'apoapsida (<b>r<sub>a</sub></b>).</figcaption></figure> <p>Se l'energia orbitala es negativa, l'orbita pren la forma d'una <a href="/wiki/Ellipsa" title="Ellipsa">ellipsa</a>, amb lo còrs massís situat en un de sos fòcus. Perque es una corba tancada, lo movement d'un còrs en una orbita elliptica es periodic. Lo temps que lo còrs en orbita met per recórrer l'orbita completa se nomena <b>periòde de revolucion</b> o <b>periòde de l'orbita</b>. Es definit per l'expression seguenta: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T=2\pi {\sqrt {\frac {a^{3}}{\mu }}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>&#x03C0;<!-- π --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mfrac> <msup> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>&#x03BC;<!-- μ --></mi> </mfrac> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T=2\pi {\sqrt {\frac {a^{3}}{\mu }}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/84a962a4e5da8183f6a38ef23d0a5a9452667148" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:12.673ex; height:7.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T=2\pi {\sqrt {\frac {a^{3}}{\mu }}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>ont <i>a</i> es lo <a href="/wiki/Semiaxe_major" title="Semiaxe major">semiaxe major</a> de l'orbita. Dos autres paramètres importants per aquel tipe d'orbita son lo <b>rai de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Apoapsida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Apoapsida (la pagina existís pas)">apoapsida</a></b> e lo <b>rai del <a href="/w/index.php?title=Periapsida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Periapsida (la pagina existís pas)">periapsida</a></b>: </p> <ul><li>lo <b>rai de l'apoapsida</b> es la distància entre lo centre del còrs a l'entorn del que s'orbita e lo punt mai alunhat de l'orbita:</li></ul> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r_{a}=a\cdot (1+e)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>&#x22C5;<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>e</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r_{a}=a\cdot (1+e)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5742165591cc656ca579c3ef851b911cd0048d2f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:15.054ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r_{a}=a\cdot (1+e)}"></span></dd></dl> <ul><li>lo <b>rai de la periapsida</b> es la distància entre lo centre del còrs a l'entorn del que s'orbita e lo punt pus prèp de l'orbita:</li></ul> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r_{p}=a\cdot (1-e)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>&#x22C5;<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <mi>e</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r_{p}=a\cdot (1-e)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5f245486c7722b95c8f5cf9e4b3de37a159c73d1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:15.011ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r_{p}=a\cdot (1-e)}"></span></dd></dl> <p>ont <i>e</i> es l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Excentricitat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Excentricitat (la pagina existís pas)">excentricitat</a> de l'orbita. </p><p>Las <b>orbitas circularas</b> (en forma de <a href="/wiki/Cercle" title="Cercle">cercle</a>) son un tipe particular d'orbitas ellipticas amb excentricitat nulla (e = 0). <br style="clear:both" /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orbita_parabolica">Orbita parabolica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbita&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modificar la seccion : Orbita parabolica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbita&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Orbita parabolica"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Parabolic_orbit.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Parabolic_orbit.gif" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Animacion mostrant lo movement d'un còrs (verd) en orbita parabolica a l'entorn d'un còrs central (blau). Tanben se mòstra lo rai de la periapsida (<b>r<sub>p</sub></b>).</figcaption></figure> <p>Se l'energia orbitala es nulla, l'orbita pren la forma d'una <a href="/wiki/Parab%C3%B2la" title="Parabòla">parabòla</a>, amb lo còrs massís situat al fòcus d'aquela. Se tracta d'una orbita dobèrta, lo còrs en orbita tend a s'alunhar infinidament del còrs central. En aquel tipe d'orbita, lo fach d'aver una energia orbitala nulla se tradusís per un movement del còrs en orbita totjorn a la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Velocitat_d%27escapament&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Velocitat d&#39;escapament (la pagina existís pas)">velocitat d'escapament</a> correspondent a la posicion ont se tròba. Una autra interpretacion d'aquel fach es que lo còrs aura una velocitat nulla en aténher l'<a href="/wiki/Infinit" title="Infinit">infinit</a>. </p><p>La forma d'una orbita parabolica se tròba perfèitament definida amb pasmens d'un paramètre, lo <b>rai de la periapsida</b> <i>r<sub>p</sub></i>. La velocitat del còrs ont que siá sus una orbita parabolica es de calcul aisit: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V={\sqrt {\frac {2\cdot \mu }{r}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>V</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>&#x22C5;<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <mi>&#x03BC;<!-- μ --></mi> </mrow> <mi>r</mi> </mfrac> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V={\sqrt {\frac {2\cdot \mu }{r}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bf9eafb17f7db0589c5a292541eb819270acad76" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:12.289ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V={\sqrt {\frac {2\cdot \mu }{r}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p><br style="clear:both" /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orbita_iperbolica">Orbita iperbolica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbita&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modificar la seccion : Orbita iperbolica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbita&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Orbita iperbolica"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Hyperbolic_orbit.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Hyperbolic_orbit.gif" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Animacion mostrant lo movement d'un còrs (verd) en orbita iperbolica d'excentricitat 1,4 a l'entorn d'un còrs central (blau). Tanben se mòstran lo rai de la periapsida (<b>r<sub>p</sub></b>), lo semiaxe major (<b>a</b>) e l'angle de divergéncia (<b>υ<sub>∞</sub></b>).</figcaption></figure> <p>Se l'energia orbitala es positiva, l'orbita pren la forma d'una <a href="/wiki/Iperb%C3%B2la" title="Iperbòla">iperbòla</a>, amb lo còrs massís situat en un dels fòcus d'aquela. Dins lo cas de l'orbita parabolica, se tracta d'una orbita dobèrta, ont lo còrs orbital s'alunha infinidament del còrs central. A diferéncia d'aquesta, pasmens, lo còrs orbital se mòu totjorn a una <a href="/wiki/Velocitat" title="Velocitat">velocitat</a> superiora a la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Velocitat_d%27escapament&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Velocitat d&#39;escapament (la pagina existís pas)">velocitat d'escapament</a>. La velocitat tanpauc s'anulla a l'<a href="/wiki/Infinit" title="Infinit">infinit</a>, mas que tend a la valor seguenta: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{\infty }={\sqrt {\frac {\mu }{a}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">&#x221E;<!-- ∞ --></mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mfrac> <mi>&#x03BC;<!-- μ --></mi> <mi>a</mi> </mfrac> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{\infty }={\sqrt {\frac {\mu }{a}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5ff1dd3663afbd05189ebecc281467df5509a87f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:10.891ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{\infty }={\sqrt {\frac {\mu }{a}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Del meteis biais que las orbitas ellipticas, las orbitas iperbolicas presentan un certan <a href="/wiki/Semiaxe_major" title="Semiaxe major">semiaxe major</a> (<i>a</i>) e una certana <a href="/w/index.php?title=Excentricitat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Excentricitat (la pagina existís pas)">excentricitat</a> (<i>e</i>). Per aquel tipe d'orbita, los paramètres seguents son importants: </p> <ul><li>lo <b>rai de la periapsida</b>, la distància entre lo còrs massís a l'entorn del qual orbitan e lo punt de l'orbita que li es pus prèp. Se tròba amb l'expression seguenta:</li></ul> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r_{p}=a\cdot (e-1)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>&#x22C5;<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>e</mi> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r_{p}=a\cdot (e-1)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6bebc53d7b2ff7b71f852c85ca6e63d0172f4e87" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:15.011ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r_{p}=a\cdot (e-1)}"></span></dd></dl> <ul><li>l'<b>angle de divergéncia</b>, l'<a href="/wiki/Angle" title="Angle">angle</a> que pren la trajectòria en s'alunhar del còrs central. S'exprimís atal:</li></ul> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \upsilon _{\infty }=-\mathrm {Arccos} \left({\frac {1}{e}}\right)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>&#x03C5;<!-- υ --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">&#x221E;<!-- ∞ --></mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>e</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \upsilon _{\infty }=-\mathrm {Arccos} \left({\frac {1}{e}}\right)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b913d510239ab7781ae58f62f485004b084213cc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:20.642ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \upsilon _{\infty }=-\mathrm {Arccos} \left({\frac {1}{e}}\right)}"></span></dd></dl> <p><br style="clear:both" /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Determinacion_de_l'orbita"><span id="Determinacion_de_l.27orbita"></span>Determinacion de l'orbita</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbita&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modificar la seccion : Determinacion de l&#039;orbita" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbita&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Determinacion de l&#039;orbita"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En <a href="/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia">astronomia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Astronautica" title="Astronautica">astronautica</a>, un dels problèmas principals en practica d'aquelas sciéncias es de conéisser precisament l'orbita del còrs que s'estúdia. La coneissença de l'orbita es necessària per determinar la posicion presenta e futura del còrs, e atal de lo poder trobar entre l'infinitat d'objèctes presents sus l'<a href="/wiki/Esf%C3%A8ra_cel%C3%A8sta" title="Esfèra celèsta">esfèra celèsta</a>. Tanben balha d'informacions sus la natura de l'objècte e la region de l'espaci d'ont ven. En astronautica, l'orbita del <a href="/wiki/Satellit_artificial" title="Satellit artificial">satellit artificial</a> o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonda_interplanet%C3%A0ria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sonda interplanetària (la pagina existís pas)">sonda interplanetària</a> es un dels paramètres importants d'una mission espaciala. </p><p>La posicion d'un còrs sus una orbita elliptica (lo tipe pus comun) es perfèitament determinada per sièis quantitats nomenadas <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elements_orbitals&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Elements orbitals (la pagina existís pas)">elements orbitals</a></b>. Aquelas quantitats definisson la forma de l'ellipsa e sa posicion e orientacion dins l'espaci segon un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sist%C3%A8ma_de_refer%C3%A9ncia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistèma de referéncia (la pagina existís pas)">sistèma de referéncia</a> qu'a per origina lo centre del còrs central. Per exemple, los elements orbitals d'un còrs qu'orbita a l'entorn del Solelh seràn definits a partir del centre del Solelh. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Orbital_elements.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Orbital_elements.svg/350px-Orbital_elements.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Orbital_elements.svg/525px-Orbital_elements.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Orbital_elements.svg/700px-Orbital_elements.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="653" /></a><figcaption>Diagrama mostrant los elements orbitals d'una orbita elliptica a l'entorn del Solelh. Lo plan de l'orbita (P1) en blau cèl e lo <a href="/wiki/Ecliptica" title="Ecliptica">plan de l'ecliptica</a> (P2) en verd.</figcaption></figure> <p>Los elements orbitals d'una orbita elliptica son: </p> <ul><li>lo <b><a href="/wiki/Semiaxe_major" title="Semiaxe major">semiaxe major</a></b> (<i>a</i>): definís la grandor de l'<a href="/wiki/Ellipsa" title="Ellipsa">ellipsa</a>.</li> <li>l'<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Excentricitat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Excentricitat (la pagina existís pas)">excentricitat</a></b> (<i>e</i>): definís la forma de l'ellipsa.</li> <li>l'<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enclinason&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Enclinason (la pagina existís pas)">enclinason</a></b> (<i>i</i>): se definís coma l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Angle_(geometria)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Angle (geometria) (la pagina existís pas)">angle</a> entre lo <a href="/wiki/Plan" title="Plan">plan</a> de l'ellipsa e un plan definit pel sistèma de referéncia. En cas d'orbitas a l'entorn del Solelh s'utiliza lo plan de l'ecliptica com referéncia, alara que per las orbitas a l'entorn d'una <a href="/wiki/Planeta" title="Planeta">planeta</a> se pren l'<a href="/wiki/Eq%C3%BCator_cel%C3%A8st" title="Eqüator celèst">eqüator celèst</a> d'aquela.</li> <li>la <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Longitud_del_nos_ascendent&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Longitud del nos ascendent (la pagina existís pas)">longitud del nos ascendent</a></b> (<i>Ω</i>): se definís coma l'angle entre lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nos_ascendent&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nos ascendent (la pagina existís pas)">nos ascendent</a> de l'orbita e lo <a href="/wiki/Meridian" title="Meridian">meridian</a> de referéncia definit pel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Punt_vernal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Punt vernal (la pagina existís pas)">punt vernal</a>.</li> <li>l'<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argument_del_periapsida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Argument del periapsida (la pagina existís pas)">argument del periapsida</a></b> (<i>ω</i>): se definís coma l'angle, mesurat dins lo plan de l'orbita, entre lo nos ascendent e lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Periapsida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Periapsida (la pagina existís pas)">periapsida</a>.</li> <li>l'<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anomalia_mejana&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Anomalia mejana (la pagina existís pas)">anomalia mejana</a></b> (<i>M</i>): representa la posicion dins l'orbita del còrs a respièch de la periapsida e correspond a la fraccion del periòde orbital percorrit dempuèi lo darrièr passatge pel periapsida, exprimida coma angle.</li></ul> <p><br style="clear:both" /> </p><p>Istoricament, l'unic biais de determinar l'orbita d'un còrs celèst èra de mesurar son movement a respièch de las estelas fixas. Lo temps necessari deu èsser pro long per que lo còrs se mòga d'un biais sufisent subre la copòla celèsta e que se pòsca acumular pro de mesuras per determinar sos elements orbitals. Atal, d'ont mai s'acumula de mesuras, d'ont mai serà precisa l'estimacion de l'orbita. Aquela tasca, pasmens, pòt èsser complicada pels còrs alunhats, qu'abitualament se mòvon a de velocitats aparentas fòrça flacas, e en consequéncia, se pòt passar un certan temps entre sa descobèrta e la determinacion de son orbita. </p><p>Lo progrès tecnologic contribuiguèt a melhorar la coneissença de las orbitas dels còrs celèstes. D'en primièr, se pòt utilizar dels còrs artificials l'<a href="/wiki/Ef%C3%A8cte_Doppler" title="Efècte Doppler">efècte Doppler</a> de sas emissions de ràdio per poder conéisser la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Velocitat_radiala&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Velocitat radiala (la pagina existís pas)">velocitat radiala</a> de l'objècte a respièch de la Tèrra, informacion que facilita fòrça la determinacion de l'orbita. Encara, pels satellits artificials en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbita_bassa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbita bassa (la pagina existís pas)">orbita bassa</a> se pòt utilizar de mejans de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radiolocalizacion&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Radiolocalizacion (la pagina existís pas)">radiolocalizacion</a> precís per conéisser l'orbita del satellit (per exemple lo <a href="/wiki/GPS" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS">GPS</a>). Pels còrs naturals prèps, s'utiliza los sistèmas de deteccion per ondas ràdio (<a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">Radar</a>) o de lutz (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lidar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lidar (la pagina existís pas)">Lidar</a>) per mesurar las orbitas. Lo cas pus conegut es la mesura de l'orbita de la <a href="/wiki/Luna" title="Luna">luna</a> per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Las%C3%A8r&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lasèr (la pagina existís pas)">lasèr</a> gràcias als miralhs que los astronautas del <a href="/wiki/Programa_Apollo" title="Programa Apollo">programa Apollo</a> daissèron de las missions lunaras. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perturbacions_orbitalas">Perturbacions orbitalas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbita&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modificar la seccion : Perturbacions orbitalas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbita&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Perturbacions orbitalas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cal pas oblidar que l'orbita d'un còrs se pòt pas conéisser amb una precision infinida. De considerar l'orbita coma elliptica e de calcular sos elements orbitals es una aproximacion valida dins la majoritat dels cas, mas sèm a oblidar que l'<a href="/wiki/Gravitat" title="Gravitat">atraccion gravitacionala</a> del còrs central es pas l'unica fòrça qu'agís subre lo còrs en orbita. Las autras fòrças (nomenadas <b>perturbacions</b>) modifican la forma de l'orbita, del biais que la pòt far apartenir a una de las tres autras categorias (ellipsa, parabòla o iperbòla). </p><p>En partida perque la fòrça de las perturbacions se coneis pas perfèitament, en partida perque lo movement orbital pòt èsser fòrça complèxe, la posicion futura del còrs en orbita se pòt pas predire amb exactitud a tèrme long. Aquò s'aplica subretot pels còrs pichons (<a href="/wiki/Astero%C3%AFde" title="Asteroïde">asteroïdes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cometa" title="Cometa">cometas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satellit_artificial" title="Satellit artificial">satellits artificials</a>) qu'an mens d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=In%C3%A8rcia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Inèrcia (la pagina existís pas)">inèrcia</a> se veson pus afectats per las perturbacions. </p><p>La natura de las divèrsas perturbacions pòt èsser fòrça variada: </p> <ul><li>La <b><a href="/wiki/Gravitat" title="Gravitat">gravitat</a> d'autres còrs celèstes</b>: es la perturbacion dominanta dins lo <a href="/wiki/Sist%C3%A8ma_Solar" title="Sistèma Solar">Sistèma Solar</a>, ont la gravitat de las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Planetas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Planetas (la pagina existís pas)">planetas</a> influéncia l'orbita a l'entorn del <a href="/wiki/Solelh" class="mw-redirect" title="Solelh">Solelh</a> dels còrs pichons e de las quitas planetas entre elas. Lo movement de dos còrs jos l'influéncia de la gravitat mutuala es de bon predire, mas lo movement mutual de tres còrs o mai es un problèma matematic sens solucion <span class="citation">«exacta»</span>. Dins lo cas del Sistèma Solar, la posicion dels còrs se pòt pas predire amb exactitud.</li> <li>La <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friccion&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Friccion (la pagina existís pas)">friccion</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosf%C3%A8ra_terr%C3%A8stre&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Atmosfèra terrèstre (la pagina existís pas)">atmosferica</a></b>: afècta los còrs en orbita prèpa de l'entorn de planetas. Lo fregament demenís l'energia de l'orbita, mermant son rai fins que lo còrs en orbita acabe precipitat contra la superficia del còrs central.</li> <li>La <b>forma del còrs central</b>: pels satellits qu'orbitan prèp del còrs central, lo fach qu'aquel seguís pas una esfèra perfèita a per consequéncia l'irregularitat de son atraccion gravitacionala al long de l'orbita, deformant aquela.</li> <li>La <b>pression de radiacion</b> solara: confòrma a las leis de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mecanica_q%C3%BCantica&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mecanica qüantica (la pagina existís pas)">mecanica qüantica</a>, la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediacion&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mediacion (la pagina existís pas)">mediacion</a> solara (<a href="/wiki/Lutz" title="Lutz">lutz</a> las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Particula_compausada&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Particula compausada (la pagina existís pas)">particulas</a>) exercís una fòrça sufisenta per perturbar las orbitas dels còrs pichons.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orbitas_dels_còrs_naturals"><span id="Orbitas_dels_c.C3.B2rs_naturals"></span>Orbitas dels còrs naturals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbita&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modificar la seccion : Orbitas dels còrs naturals" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbita&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Orbitas dels còrs naturals"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dins lo <a href="/wiki/Sist%C3%A8ma_Solar" title="Sistèma Solar">Sistèma Solar</a>, la majoritat dels còrs celèstes seguisson d'orbitas subretot ellipticas. L'excepcion principala son la cometas, que pòdon presentar d'orbitas ellipticas, quasi parabolicas o per lo mens iperbolicas. Cada tipe de còrs del Sistèma Solar (<a href="/wiki/Planeta" title="Planeta">planeta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satellit_natural" title="Satellit natural">satellit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astero%C3%AFde" title="Asteroïde">asteroïde</a>,...) presentan d'orbitas caracteristicas: </p> <ul><li><b>Orbitas de las planetas</b>: las planetas seguisson a l'entorn del Solelh d'orbitas ellipticas de bassa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Excentricitat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Excentricitat (la pagina existís pas)">excentricitat</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enclinason&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Enclinason (la pagina existís pas)">enclinason</a>, es a dire d'orbitas gaireben circularas e prèpas del <a href="/wiki/Ecliptica" title="Ecliptica">plan de l'ecliptica</a>. L'unica excepcion es <a href="/wiki/Pluton_(planeta_nana)" title="Pluton (planeta nana)">Pluton</a>, que presenta una orbita fòrça excentrica e enclinada. <a href="/wiki/Mercuri_(planeta)" title="Mercuri (planeta)">Mercuri</a> a tanben una orbita enclinada (e = 0,21, i = 7°), seguida per <a href="/wiki/Mart_(planeta)" title="Mart (planeta)">Mart</a> (e = 0,09) e <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A8nus_(planeta)" title="Vènus (planeta)">Vènus</a> amb una enclinason (i = 3,4°). Las planetas orbitan a l'entorn del Solelh a de distàncias entre 0,39 <a href="/wiki/Unitat_astronomica" title="Unitat astronomica">UA</a> (Mercuri) e 49 <a href="/wiki/Unitat_astronomica" title="Unitat astronomica">UA</a> (Pluton). Un autre punt important es que totas las planetas se mòvon en lo meteis sens a l'entorn del Solelh, en sens contrari de las agulhas del relòtge.</li></ul> <ul><li><b>Orbitas dels asteroïdes</b>: los asteroïdes possedisson d'orbitas ellipticas, mas amb una granda diversitat de sos elements orbitals. Existisson d'asteroïdes de tot tipe d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Enclinason&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Enclinason (la pagina existís pas)">enclinason</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Excentricitat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Excentricitat (la pagina existís pas)">excentricitat</a> e <a href="/wiki/Semiaxe_major" title="Semiaxe major">semiaxe major</a>, mas la majoritat orbitan a l'interior de la <a href="/wiki/Cencha_d%27astero%C3%AFdes" title="Cencha d&#39;asteroïdes">cencha d'asteroïdes</a>. En aquela region, situada entre las orbitas de Mart e Jupitèr (entre 2,1 e 3,3 <a href="/wiki/Unitat_astronomica" title="Unitat astronomica">ua</a>) se concentra 90% dels asteroïdes del Sistèma Solar. Coma son de còrs en general pichons, sas orbitas se veson fòrça perturbadas per la gravitat de las planetas, subretot per aquela de <a href="/wiki/Jupit%C3%A8r_(planeta)" title="Jupitèr (planeta)">Jupitèr</a>. Un grope d'asteroïdes, los asteroïdes troians, partejan lor orbita amb aquela planeta e se tròban situats a las posicions d'equilibri constituidas pels <a href="/w/index.php?title=Punt_de_Lagrange&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Punt de Lagrange (la pagina existís pas)">punts de Lagrange</a> L<sub>4</sub> e L<sub>5</sub> (a +60° e -60° d'anomalia).</li></ul> <ul><li><b>Orbitas dels satellits</b>: los grands satellits naturals orbitan a l'entorn de las planetas en orbitas ellipticas, de forma aproximativament circulara e prèp del plan de l'eqüator de la planeta. Es lo cas dels grands satellits de las planetas exterioras (Jupitèr, Saturne, Uranus e Neptun). Mas existisson d'excepcions notablas. Las orbitas de la <a href="/wiki/Luna" title="Luna">Luna</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Triton_(satellit)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Triton (satellit) (la pagina existís pas)">Triton</a> (satellit de Neptun) son pus prèp del plan de l'ecliptica que del plan de l'eqüator del planeta. Aquel tanben presenta una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbita_retrograda&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbita retrograda (la pagina existís pas)">orbita retrograda</a> (movement en sens contrari a la rotacion del planeta), çò que fa pensar que Triton es un còrs capturat per la gravitat de Neptun posteriorament a sa formacion. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Febe_(satellit)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Febe (satellit) (la pagina existís pas)">Febe</a> (satellit de Saturne) tanben a una orbita retrograda que se pensa deguda a la captura gravitacionala d'aquel còrs per Saturne. Per las planetas exterioras, se tròba comunament de satellits de pichona grandor que partejan la meteissa orbita e que se mantenon als punts de Lagrange (L<sub>4</sub> e L<sub>5</sub>) respectius. Tanben se tròba sovent d'orbitas retrogradas. Lo satellit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caront_(satellit)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Caront (satellit) (la pagina existís pas)">Caront</a> es tan grand que forma una planeta dobla amb Pluton. Los dos astres orbitan a l'entorn del centre de las massas del sistèma que se tròba fòra de la superficia de Pluton.</li></ul> <ul><li><b>Orbitas de las cometas</b>: las cometas son los unics còrs naturals que presentan los tres tipes d'orbita: elliptica, quasiparabolica e iperbolica. L'enclinason e l'excentricitat pòdon èsser de tot tipe, existís de cometas qu'an d'orbitas retrogradas, perpendicularas o prèp de l'ecliptica, fòrça e pauc excentricas, etc. Pasmens la majoritat presenta d'orbitas ellipticas, fòrt excentricas e de periòde long. <ul><li>Cometas de periòde cort: son de còrs que complisson una revolucion a l'entorn del solelh en mens de 200 ans. Serián originàrias de la <a href="/wiki/Cencha_de_Kuiper" title="Cencha de Kuiper">cencha de Kuiper</a> e qu'aqueriguèron amb orbitas fòrtament ellipticas a causa de tipes de perturbacion. La <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cometa_Halley&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cometa Halley (la pagina existís pas)">cometa Halley</a> es lo representant mai conegut d'aquel grop de cometas, amb un periòde de 76 ans.</li> <li>Cometas de periòde long: son de cometas amb un periòde orbital de mai de 200 ans. Serián de còrs del <a href="/wiki/N%C3%ADvol_d%27Oort" title="Nívol d&#39;Oort">nívol d'Oort</a> qu'aqueriguèron orbitas que las precipitan dins lo Sistèma Solar interior. Un representant d'aquel grope es la <a href="/wiki/Cometa_Hale-Bopp" title="Cometa Hale-Bopp">cometa Hale-Bopp</a> (periòde de 2380 ans aprox.), coneguda per son apròcha de 1997, una de las pus espectaclosas dels temps recents.</li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dd>Las orbitas de las cometas son unas de las mai imprevisiblas dels còrs naturals. A causa de que la fòrta excentricitat que las fa crosar las orbitas de las planetas majoras, permetent atal la possibilitat qu'ajatz d'encontres amb aquestas. Quand aquò se passa, los <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elements_orbitals&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Elements orbitals (la pagina existís pas)">elements orbitals</a> de la cometa pòdon cambiar considerablament (fins a cambiar lo tipe de l'orbita). Aquò se vei per lo fach qu'un nombre de cometas foguèron perdudas e descobèrtas de decennis après un encontre amb una planeta e que ne cambièt completament l'orbita.</dd></dl> <dl><dd>Lo pauc de cometas conegudas amb orbita iperbolica constituisson un cas excepcional, ja se tròban pas ligadas gravitacionalament amb lo <a href="/wiki/Solelh" class="mw-redirect" title="Solelh">Solelh</a> e, en consequéncia, fan pas part del Sistèma Solar. Pasmens lo consensus general es de dire que son pas de còrs d'origina extrasolara. Se tractariá de cometas ordinàrias que foguèron perturbadas fòrtament per un encontre amb una planeta giganta, convertissent son orbita d'elliptica a iperbolica.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orbitas_de_los_còrs_artificials"><span id="Orbitas_de_los_c.C3.B2rs_artificials"></span>Orbitas de los còrs artificials</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbita&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modificar la seccion : Orbitas de los còrs artificials" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbita&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Orbitas de los còrs artificials"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Los divèrses enginhes que l'Òme lança dins l'espaci seguisson orbitas variadas e complèxas. Aquelas orbitas se causisson e se planifican amb fòrça suènh per que lo satellit o sonda artificiala pòsca complir sa mission. De fait, l'orbita de l'enginh es un dels paramètres pus importants que determina alara l'utilitat e la dificultat d'una mission espaciala. Una diferéncia importanta par rapòrt als còrs naturals es qu'aquelas pòdon cambiar activament son orbita o contrapesar las perturbacions orbitals gràcias a divèrses sistèmas de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Propulsion&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Propulsion (la pagina existís pas)">propulsion</a>. </p><p>Del punt de vista de l'orbita, existisson dos grands gropes de còrs artificials dins l'Espaci: aqueles qu'orbitan a l'entorn de la <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A8rra" title="Tèrra">Tèrra</a> (nomenats <i>satellits artificials</i> o simplament <i>satellits</i>) e aqueles qu'orbitan a l'entorn d'autres còrs del Sistèma Solar (nomenats <i>sondas artificialas</i>): </p> <ul><li>Los <b>satellits artificials</b> qu'orbitan a l'entorn de la Tèrra o fan en orbitas ellipticas generalament quasicircularas que son entresecament necessarias per complir la mission que lo es assignada. Per exemple, un satellit de difusion de television cal que se trobar sus una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbita_geostacion%C3%A0ria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbita geostacionària (la pagina existís pas)">orbita geostacionària</a> per que las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antenas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Antenas (la pagina existís pas)">antenas</a> pòscan recebre lo senhal. L'orbita d'un satellit artificial sofrís de pauc de cambis lo long de sa vida utila. En general es la fusada lançaira que lo pausa sus las seuna orbita definitiva o en una orbita prèpa. Desempuèi lo satellit se limita a corregir l'efièit de las <i>perturbacions orbitalas</i> per se mantenir a l'orbita designada. Dins la majoritat dels cas, a la fin de sa vida utila lo satellit demòra en una orbita d'ont derivarà lentament a causa de las divèrsas perturbacions. Lo problèma creissent dels rebut espacials fa que i a tendéncia uèi a efectuar una operacion de sortida de l'orbita per qu'aquela pòsca èsser utilizada per autres satellits.</li> <li>Las <b>sondas artificialas</b> an una capacitat per cambiar d'orbita fòrça mai granda que los satellits artificials, çò que lor permet de realizar de viatges interplanetaris vertadièrs dins lo Sistèma Solar. Per se desplaçar de son punt de partida (la Tèrra) fins a sa destinacion se veson obligadas de realizar un nombre important de cambis d'orbita. Per exemple, una sonda a destinacion de <a href="/wiki/Mart_(planeta)" title="Mart (planeta)">Mart</a> realiza lo viatge seguent quatre estapas amb de tipes d'orbita diferents:</li></ul> <ol><li><i>Fasa de sortida de l'influéncia terrèstra</i>: lo lançaire daissa la sonda en una orbita terrèstra iperbolica que li permet de sortir del camp gravitacional terrèstre.</li> <li><i>Fasa eliocentrica</i>: la sonda seguís naturalament una orbita a l'entorn del <a href="/wiki/Solelh" class="mw-redirect" title="Solelh">Solelh</a> que la mena fins a l'entorn de sa destinacion (Mart en aquel exemple).</li> <li><i>Fasa d'arribada a Mart</i>: l'orbita eliocentrica ven naturalament prèp de Mart una orbita iperbolica a l'entorn d'aquela planeta.</li> <li><i>Fasa de captura</i>: Prèp del <a href="/w/index.php?title=Periastre&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Periastre (la pagina existís pas)">periastre</a> de l'orbita iperbolica a l'entorn de Mart, la sonda utiliza son sistèma de propulsion per frenar e convertir l'orbita en elliptica. D'aquel biais demorarà ligada en permanéncia a la planeta e executarà sa mission.</li></ol> <dl><dd>A tot moment pendent las quatre fasas la sonda corregís l'orbita per evitar l'efècte de las perturbacions e ajustar l'orbita d'un biais contrarotlat.</dd> <dd>Aquel exemple es significatiu per la majoritat de las sondas interplanetàrias, mas existisson fòrça variacions. Per exemple, fòrça sondas realizan pas la fasa de captura a l'entorn de sa destinacion, atal pòdon transmetre d'informacions durant lo brèu e unic encontre proporcionat per l'orbita iperbolica de la fasa d'arribada. La fasa eliocentrica pòt èsser fòrça longa e complicada, utilizant un certan nombre de vegadas la tecnica de l'<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assist%C3%A9ncia_gravitacionala&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Assisténcia gravitacionala (la pagina existís pas)">assisténcia gravitacionala</a></b> per arribar a la destinacion. Aquela tecnica consistís a utilizar de manièra contrarotlada la perturbacion orbitala per cambiar l'orbita sens aver d'utilizar lo combustible de la sonda amb l'encontra d'un planeta "intermediaria".</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vejaz_tanben">Vejaz tanben</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbita&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modificar la seccion : Vejaz tanben" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbita&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Vejaz tanben"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐84d8f4b96‐7j4dk Cached time: 20241115002550 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.067 seconds Real time usage: 0.167 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 259/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 193/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 74/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 6/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 324/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 17.568 1 -total 53.29% 9.362 1 Modèl:Cita 28.73% 5.048 1 Modèl:Unitat 20.95% 3.680 1 Modèl:Trim 12.92% 2.270 1 Modèl:Infobox --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key ocwiki:pcache:idhash:66674-0!canonical and timestamp 20241115002550 and revision id 1919646. 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