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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Packaging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Packaging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Packaging</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Packaging-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Packaging subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Packaging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Purposes_of_packaging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purposes_of_packaging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Purposes of packaging</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Purposes_of_packaging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marketing_and_design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marketing_and_design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Marketing and design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marketing_and_design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shelf_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shelf_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Shelf life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shelf_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nutrition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nutrition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Nutrition</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Nutrition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Nutrition subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Nutrition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Meal_replacements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meal_replacements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Meal replacements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meal_replacements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegetarianism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegetarianism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Vegetarianism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegetarianism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Health effects</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Health_effects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Health effects subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Health_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cavities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cavities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Cavities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cavities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Glycemic_index" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Glycemic_index"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Glycemic index</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Glycemic_index-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contamination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contamination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Contamination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contamination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Choking_deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Choking_deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Choking deaths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Choking_deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Cultural significance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holidays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holidays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Holidays</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Holidays-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Holidays subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Holidays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Association_with_Halloween" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Association_with_Halloween"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Association with Halloween</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Association_with_Halloween-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Candy</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 85 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-85" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">85 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lekkergoed" title="Lekkergoed – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Lekkergoed" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%88%D9%89_%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="حلوى سكرية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حلوى سكرية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lam%C3%ADn" title="Lamín – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Lamín" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumboan%C3%A2" title="Bumboanâ – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Bumboanâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8" title="মৰ্টন – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মৰ্টন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carambelu" title="Carambelu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Carambelu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konfet" title="Konfet – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Konfet" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF" title="ক্যান্ডি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্যান্ডি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gula_batu" title="Gula batu – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Gula batu" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim-k%C3%A2m" title="Kim-kâm – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kim-kâm" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Цукерка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цукерка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Цукерка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Цукерка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dulse" title="Dulse – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Dulse" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бонбон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бонбон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuckerl" title="Zuckerl – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Zuckerl" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madig" title="Madig – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Madig" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llaminadura" title="Llaminadura – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llaminadura" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Канихвет – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Канихвет" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cukrovinka" title="Cukrovinka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cukrovinka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melysion" title="Melysion – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Melysion" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slik" title="Slik – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Slik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonbon" title="Bonbon – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bonbon" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompvek" title="Kompvek – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kompvek" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caramelo_(golosina)" title="Caramelo (golosina) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Caramelo (golosina)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombono" title="Bombono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bombono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gozoki" title="Gozoki – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gozoki" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="آبنبات – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آبنبات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonbon" title="Bonbon – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bonbon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambetada" title="Lambetada – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lambetada" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%83%95" title="사탕 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사탕" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alewa" title="Alewa – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Alewa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D6%86%D5%A5%D5%BF" title="Կոնֆետ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոնֆետ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombon" title="Bombon – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bombon" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonbono" title="Bonbono – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Bonbono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permen" title="Permen – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Permen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caramella" title="Caramella – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Caramella" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="סוכרייה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סוכרייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perm%C3%A8n" title="Permèn – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Permèn" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="კანფეტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კანფეტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Кәмпит – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кәмпит" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonbon" title="Bonbon – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Bonbon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellaria" title="Bellaria – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Bellaria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saldumi" title="Saldumi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Saldumi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saldainis" title="Saldainis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Saldainis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babbelaer" title="Babbelaer – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Babbelaer" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karamelli" title="Karamelli – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Karamelli" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Бонбона – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бонбона" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatomamy" title="Vatomamy – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vatomamy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF" title="മിഠായി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മിഠായി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="بونبون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بونبون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gula-gula" title="Gula-gula – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gula-gula" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Сахарын амттан – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Сахарын амттан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8" title="သကြားလုံး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သကြားလုံး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snoepje" title="Snoepje – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Snoepje" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slik" title="Slik – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Slik" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3" title="キャンディ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キャンディ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godteri" title="Godteri – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Godteri" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godteri" title="Godteri – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Godteri" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chucr%C3%AEn" title="Chucrîn – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Chucrîn" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konfet" title="Konfet – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Konfet" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80" title="ਕੈਂਡੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੈਂਡੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cukierek" title="Cukierek – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cukierek" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bala_(doce)" title="Bala (doce) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bala (doce)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomboan%C4%83" title="Bomboană – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bomboană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B1aka" title="Añaka – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Añaka" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Конфеты – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Конфеты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candy" title="Candy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Candy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cukr%C3%ADk" title="Cukrík – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cukrík" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%AFmb%C5%AFn" title="Bůmbůn – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Bůmbůn" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Бомбона – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бомбона" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombona" title="Bombona – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bombona" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makeinen" title="Makeinen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Makeinen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godis" title="Godis – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Godis" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D" title="மிட்டாய் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மிட்டாய்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ขนมหวาน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ขนมหวาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eeker_(%C5%9Fekerleme)" title="Şeker (şekerleme) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şeker (şekerleme)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Цукерка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Цукерка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangznaed" title="Dangznaed – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Dangznaed" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanfetad" title="Kanfetad – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kanfetad" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%E1%BA%B9o" title="Kẹo – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kẹo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spekke" title="Spekke – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Spekke" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dulsi" title="Dulsi – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Dulsi" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B3%96%E6%9E%9C" title="糖果 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="糖果" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B3%96_(%E9%9B%B6%E9%A3%9F)" title="糖 (零食) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="糖 (零食)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B3%96%E6%9E%9C" title="糖果 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="糖果" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q185583#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Candy" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Candy" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Sweet confection</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the type of confection generally. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Candy_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Candy (disambiguation)">Candy (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Candies_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Candies (disambiguation)">Candies (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Sweets" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Sweets_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Sweets (disambiguation)">Sweets (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe adr"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><span>Candy</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Candy_in_Damascus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Candy_in_Damascus.jpg/250px-Candy_in_Damascus.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Candy_in_Damascus.jpg/500px-Candy_in_Damascus.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">Candy at a <a href="/wiki/Bazaar" title="Bazaar">bazaar</a> in <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></div></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Alternative names</th><td class="infobox-data">Sweets, lollies</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sugar_confectionery" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar confectionery">Sugar confectionery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Main ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data ingredient"><a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugar</a> or <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Candy" class="extiw" title="commons:Candy">Media: Candy</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Candy</b>, alternatively called <b>sweets</b> or <b>lollies</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Confectionery" title="Confectionery">confection</a> that features <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a> as a principal ingredient. The category, also called <i><a href="/wiki/Sugar_confectionery" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar confectionery">sugar confectionery</a></i>, encompasses any sweet confection, including <a href="/wiki/Chocolate" title="Chocolate">chocolate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chewing_gum" title="Chewing gum">chewing gum</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sugar_candy" title="Sugar candy">sugar candy</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vegetable" title="Vegetable">Vegetables</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)" title="Nut (fruit)">nuts</a> which have been <a href="/wiki/Glaze_(cooking_technique)" class="mw-redirect" title="Glaze (cooking technique)">glazed</a> and coated with sugar are said to be <i><a href="/wiki/Candied_fruit" title="Candied fruit">candied</a></i>. </p><p>Physically, candy is characterized by the use of a significant amount of sugar or <a href="/wiki/Sugar_substitutes" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar substitutes">sugar substitutes</a>. Unlike a cake or loaf of bread that would be shared among many people, candies are usually made in smaller pieces. However, the definition of candy also depends upon how people treat the food. Unlike sweet pastries served for a <a href="/wiki/Dessert" title="Dessert">dessert</a> course at the end of a meal, candies are normally eaten casually, often with the fingers, as a snack between meals. Each culture has its own ideas of what constitutes candy rather than dessert. The same food may be a candy in one culture and a dessert in another.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_confectionery_store_in_%22The_Great_Buddha_Sweet_Shop%22_from_Akizato_Rito%27s_Miyako_meisho_zue_(1787).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Japanese_confectionery_store_in_%22The_Great_Buddha_Sweet_Shop%22_from_Akizato_Rito%27s_Miyako_meisho_zue_%281787%29.jpg/220px-Japanese_confectionery_store_in_%22The_Great_Buddha_Sweet_Shop%22_from_Akizato_Rito%27s_Miyako_meisho_zue_%281787%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Japanese_confectionery_store_in_%22The_Great_Buddha_Sweet_Shop%22_from_Akizato_Rito%27s_Miyako_meisho_zue_%281787%29.jpg/330px-Japanese_confectionery_store_in_%22The_Great_Buddha_Sweet_Shop%22_from_Akizato_Rito%27s_Miyako_meisho_zue_%281787%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Japanese_confectionery_store_in_%22The_Great_Buddha_Sweet_Shop%22_from_Akizato_Rito%27s_Miyako_meisho_zue_%281787%29.jpg/440px-Japanese_confectionery_store_in_%22The_Great_Buddha_Sweet_Shop%22_from_Akizato_Rito%27s_Miyako_meisho_zue_%281787%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1064" data-file-height="1421" /></a><figcaption>A Japanese vendor selling <a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_desserts_and_sweets" title="List of Japanese desserts and sweets">sweets</a> in "The Great Buddha Sweet Shop" from the <i>Miyako meisho zue</i> (1787)</figcaption></figure> <p>The word candy entered the English language from the Old French <i>çucre candi</i> ("sugar candy"). The French term probably has earlier roots in the Arabic <i>qandi</i>, Persian <i>qand</i> and Sanskrit <i>khanda</i>, all words for sugar.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sugarcane is <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_(ecology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous (ecology)">indigenous</a> to tropical <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>. Pieces of sugar were produced by boiling sugarcane juice in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient India">ancient India</a> and consumed as <i>khanda</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE, the <a href="/wiki/Persian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian people">Persians</a>, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a>, discovered the people in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and their "reeds that produce <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a> without <a href="/wiki/Bee" title="Bee">bees</a>". They adopted and then spread sugar and <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane agriculture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-agrisugar1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agrisugar1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before sugar was readily available, candy was based on <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Honey was used in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Chinese_states" title="Ancient Chinese states">Ancient China</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> to coat fruits and <a href="/wiki/Flowers" class="mw-redirect" title="Flowers">flowers</a> to preserve them or to create forms of candy.<sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Food_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Food-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Candy is still served in this form today, though now it is more typically seen as a type of <a href="/wiki/Garnish_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Garnish (food)">garnish</a>. </p><p>Before the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a>, candy was often considered a form of <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medicine</a>, either used to calm the <a href="/wiki/Human_digestive_system" title="Human digestive system">digestive system</a> or cool a <a href="/wiki/Sore_throat" title="Sore throat">sore throat</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> candy appeared on the tables of only the most wealthy at first. At that time, it began as a combination of <a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">spices</a> and sugar used as an aid to <a href="/wiki/Digestion" title="Digestion">digestion</a>. Banquet hosts typically served these types of 'candies' at <a href="/wiki/Confectionery_in_the_English_Renaissance" title="Confectionery in the English Renaissance">banquets</a> for their guests. One of these candies, sometimes called <i>chamber spice</i>, was made with <a href="/wiki/Cloves" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloves">cloves</a>, ginger, <a href="/wiki/Aniseed" class="mw-redirect" title="Aniseed">aniseed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juniper_berries" class="mw-redirect" title="Juniper berries">juniper berries</a>, almonds and <a href="/wiki/Pine_kernels" class="mw-redirect" title="Pine kernels">pine kernels</a> dipped in melted sugar.<sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Food_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Food-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> word <i>candy</i> began to be used in the late 13th century.<sup id="cite_ref-OED-candy_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED-candy-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first candy came to <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">America</a> during the early 18th century from <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Britain</a> and <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. Only a few of the early colonists were proficient in sugar work and sugary treats were generally only enjoyed by the very wealthy. Even the simplest form of candy – <a href="/wiki/Rock_candy" title="Rock candy">rock candy</a>, made from <a href="/wiki/Crystallization" title="Crystallization">crystallized</a> sugar – was considered a luxury.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrial_Revolution">Industrial Revolution</h3></div> <p>The candy business underwent a drastic change in the 1830s when technological advances and the availability of sugar opened up the market. The new market was not only for the enjoyment of the rich but also for the pleasure of the working class. There was also an increasing market for children. While some fine confectioners remained, the <a href="/wiki/Candy_store" class="mw-redirect" title="Candy store">candy store</a> became a favorite of the child of the <a href="/wiki/Working_class_in_the_United_States" title="Working class in the United States">American working class</a>. Penny candies epitomized this transformation of candy. <a href="/wiki/Penny_candy" class="mw-redirect" title="Penny candy">Penny candy</a> became the first material good that children spent their own money on. For this reason, candy store-owners relied almost entirely on the business of children to keep them running. Even penny candies were directly descended from <a href="/wiki/Throat_lozenge" title="Throat lozenge">medicated lozenges</a> that held bitter medicine in a hard sugar coating.<sup id="cite_ref-Refined_Tastes_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Refined_Tastes-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1847, the invention of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Candy_press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Candy press (page does not exist)">candy press</a> (also known under the surprising name of a <i>toy machine</i>) made it possible to produce multiple shapes and sizes of candy at once. In 1851, confectioners began to use a revolving steam pan to assist in boiling sugar. This transformation meant that the candy maker was no longer required to continuously stir the boiling sugar. The heat from the surface of the pan was also much more evenly distributed and made it less likely the sugar would burn. These innovations made it possible for only one or two people to successfully run a candy business.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Our_Mutual_Friend_by_Joseph_Keppler_1885_Puck_2017011.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Our_Mutual_Friend_by_Joseph_Keppler_1885_Puck_2017011.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Our_Mutual_Friend_by_Joseph_Keppler_1885_Puck_2017011.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Our_Mutual_Friend_by_Joseph_Keppler_1885_Puck_2017011.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Our_Mutual_Friend_by_Joseph_Keppler_1885_Puck_2017011.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Our_Mutual_Friend_by_Joseph_Keppler_1885_Puck_2017011.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Our_Mutual_Friend_by_Joseph_Keppler_1885_Puck_2017011.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2174" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><i>Our Mutual Friend</i>, January 7, 1885, satirical cartoon by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Keppler" title="Joseph Keppler">Joseph Keppler</a>, warning of the dangers of color additives used in candy.</figcaption></figure> <p>As the path from producer to market became increasingly complicated, many foods were affected by <a href="/wiki/Adulteration" class="mw-redirect" title="Adulteration">adulteration</a> and the addition of <a href="/wiki/Food_additive" title="Food additive">additives</a> which ranged from relatively harmless ingredients, such as cheap <a href="/wiki/Corn_starch" title="Corn starch">cornstarch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Corn_syrup" title="Corn syrup">corn syrup</a>, to poisonous ones. Some manufacturers produced bright colors in candy by the addition of hazardous substances for which there was no legal regulation: green (<a href="/wiki/Chromium(III)_oxide" title="Chromium(III) oxide">chromium(III) oxide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Copper_acetate" class="mw-redirect" title="Copper acetate">copper acetate</a>), red (<a href="/wiki/Lead(II,IV)_oxide" title="Lead(II,IV) oxide">lead(II,IV) oxide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mercury_sulfide" title="Mercury sulfide">mercury sulfide</a>), yellow (<a href="/wiki/Lead_chromate" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead chromate">lead chromate</a>) and white (<a href="/wiki/Chalk" title="Chalk">chalk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arsenic_trioxide" title="Arsenic trioxide">arsenic trioxide</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Distillations_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Distillations-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an 1885 cover cartoon for <i><a href="/wiki/Puck_(magazine)" title="Puck (magazine)">Puck</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Keppler" title="Joseph Keppler">Joseph Keppler</a> satirized the dangers of additives in candy by depicting the "mutual friendship" between striped candy, doctors, and <a href="/wiki/Sexton_(office)" title="Sexton (office)">gravediggers</a>. By 1906, research into the dangers of additives, exposés of the food industry, and public pressure led to the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Pure_Food_and_Drug_Act" title="Pure Food and Drug Act">Pure Food and Drug Act</a>, the first federal United States law to regulate food and drugs, including candy.<sup id="cite_ref-Distillations_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Distillations-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sugar_candies" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar candies">Sugar candies</a> include hard candies, soft candies, <a href="/wiki/Caramel" title="Caramel">caramels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marshmallow" title="Marshmallow">marshmallows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taffy_(candy)" title="Taffy (candy)">taffy</a>, and other candies whose principal ingredient is sugar. Commercially, sugar candies are often divided into groups according to the amount of sugar they contain and their <a href="/wiki/Chemical_structure" title="Chemical structure">chemical structure</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nutrition2007_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nutrition2007-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hard-boiled candies made by the vacuum cooking process include <a href="/wiki/Stick_candy" title="Stick candy">stick candy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lemon_drops" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemon drops">lemon drops</a> and <a href="/wiki/Horehound_drops#Horehound_candy" class="mw-redirect" title="Horehound drops">horehound drops</a>. Open-fire candy, like molasses <a href="/wiki/Taffy_(candy)" title="Taffy (candy)">taffy</a> and cream taffy, is cooked in open kettles and then pulled. Pan work candies include nuts and other candies like <a href="/wiki/Jelly_beans" class="mw-redirect" title="Jelly beans">jelly beans</a> and sugar-coated almonds, made by coating with sugar in revolving copper kettles. Gum work candy is cooked in large kettles fashioned for melting and molded, dried and sugared like <a href="/wiki/Gum_drops" class="mw-redirect" title="Gum drops">gum drops</a>. They are soaked for a time in <a href="/wiki/Sugar_syrup" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar syrup">sugar syrup</a> to allow <a href="/wiki/Crystal" title="Crystal">crystals</a> to form.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sugar candies can be classified into noncrystalline and crystalline types. Noncrystalline candies are homogeneous and may be chewy or hard; they include hard candies, caramels, toffees, and nougats. Crystalline candies incorporate small crystals in their structure, are creamy that melt in the mouth or are easily chewed; they include fondant and fudge.<sup id="cite_ref-potter1999_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-potter1999-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, <a href="/wiki/Flavorless_candy" title="Flavorless candy">flavorless candy</a> was developed that was hard but not sweet.<sup id="cite_ref-Ueno_Ives_2023_f933_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ueno_Ives_2023_f933-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerycaption">Comparison of sugar candies</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kompeito_konpeito.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Konpeitō is a traditional Japanese sugar candy. When finished, it is almost 100% solid sugar."><img alt="Small, knobby pieces of candy, in different colors" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Kompeito_konpeito.JPG/120px-Kompeito_konpeito.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Kompeito_konpeito.JPG/180px-Kompeito_konpeito.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Kompeito_konpeito.JPG/240px-Kompeito_konpeito.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Konpeit%C5%8D" title="Konpeitō">Konpeitō</a></i> is a traditional Japanese sugar candy. When finished, it is almost 100% solid sugar.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HardCandy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fruit-shaped hard candy is a common type of sugar candy, containing sugar, color, flavor, and a tiny bit of water."><img alt="Fruit-shaped hard candy is a common type of sugar candy, containing sugar, color, flavor, and a tiny bit of water." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/HardCandy.jpg/120px-HardCandy.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/HardCandy.jpg/180px-HardCandy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/HardCandy.jpg/240px-HardCandy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2175" data-file-height="1575" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fruit-shaped <a href="/wiki/Hard_candy" title="Hard candy">hard candy</a> is a common type of sugar candy, containing sugar, color, flavor, and a tiny bit of water.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chikki_assortment.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chikki are homemade nut brittles popular in India. Between the nuts or seeds is hard sugar candy."><img alt="Ten flat squares of chikki. The different colors and textures are due to each square being made from a different type of nut or seed." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Chikki_assortment.jpg/120px-Chikki_assortment.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Chikki_assortment.jpg/180px-Chikki_assortment.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Chikki_assortment.jpg/240px-Chikki_assortment.jpg 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Chikki" title="Chikki">Chikki</a></i> are homemade <a href="/wiki/Nut_brittle" class="mw-redirect" title="Nut brittle">nut brittles</a> popular in India. Between the nuts or seeds is hard sugar candy.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gummy_bears.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="German Haribo gummy bears were the first gummi candy ever made. They are soft and chewy."><img alt="A pile of red, yellow, and green gummy bears" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gummy_bears.jpg/120px-Gummy_bears.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gummy_bears.jpg/180px-Gummy_bears.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gummy_bears.jpg/240px-Gummy_bears.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1350" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">German <a href="/wiki/Haribo" title="Haribo">Haribo</a> <a href="/wiki/Gummy_bear" title="Gummy bear">gummy bears</a> were the first <a href="/wiki/Gummi_candy" class="mw-redirect" title="Gummi candy">gummi candy</a> ever made. They are soft and chewy.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2018_05_Fudge_IMG_1913.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Fudge is a type of sugar candy that is made by mixing and heating sugar, butter and milk."><img alt="Fudge is a type of sugar candy that is made by mixing and heating sugar, butter and milk." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/2018_05_Fudge_IMG_1913.JPG/120px-2018_05_Fudge_IMG_1913.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/2018_05_Fudge_IMG_1913.JPG/180px-2018_05_Fudge_IMG_1913.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/2018_05_Fudge_IMG_1913.JPG/240px-2018_05_Fudge_IMG_1913.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="3856" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Fudge" title="Fudge">Fudge</a> is a type of sugar candy that is made by mixing and heating sugar, butter and milk.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pantteri_Mix.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pantteri is a soft, chewy Finnish sugar candy. The colored ones are fruity, while black are salmiakki (salty licorice-flavored)."><img alt="A pile of disk-shaped, sugar-coated, rubbery candies in red, green, orange, and mostly black" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Pantteri_Mix.jpg/120px-Pantteri_Mix.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Pantteri_Mix.jpg/180px-Pantteri_Mix.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Pantteri_Mix.jpg/240px-Pantteri_Mix.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="999" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Pantteri" class="mw-redirect" title="Pantteri">Pantteri</a></i> is a soft, chewy Finnish sugar candy. The colored ones are fruity, while black are <a href="/wiki/Salty_licorice" class="mw-redirect" title="Salty licorice">salmiakki</a> (salty licorice-flavored).</div> </li> </ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Chocolate" title="Chocolate">Chocolate</a> is sometimes treated as a separate branch of confectionery.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this model, chocolate candies like <a href="/wiki/Chocolate_bar" title="Chocolate bar">chocolate candy bars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chocolate_truffles" class="mw-redirect" title="Chocolate truffles">chocolate truffles</a> are included. <a href="/wiki/Hot_chocolate" title="Hot chocolate">Hot chocolate</a> or other cocoa-based drinks are excluded, as is candy made from <a href="/wiki/White_chocolate" title="White chocolate">white chocolate</a>. When chocolate is treated as a separate branch, it also includes confections whose classification is otherwise difficult, being neither exactly candies nor exactly baked goods, like chocolate-dipped foods, tarts with chocolate shells, and chocolate-coated cookies. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerycaption">Comparison of chocolate types</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chocolat_Bonnat._100%25.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Unsweetened baking chocolate contains no sugar."><img alt="Unsweetened baking chocolate contains no sugar." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Chocolat_Bonnat._100%25.jpg/120px-Chocolat_Bonnat._100%25.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Chocolat_Bonnat._100%25.jpg/180px-Chocolat_Bonnat._100%25.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Chocolat_Bonnat._100%25.jpg/240px-Chocolat_Bonnat._100%25.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="687" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Unsweetened <a href="/wiki/Baking_chocolate" title="Baking chocolate">baking chocolate</a> contains no sugar.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bar_of_Guittard_chocolate.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bittersweet or dark chocolate contains some sugar."><img alt="Bittersweet or dark chocolate contains some sugar." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Bar_of_Guittard_chocolate.jpg/120px-Bar_of_Guittard_chocolate.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Bar_of_Guittard_chocolate.jpg/180px-Bar_of_Guittard_chocolate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Bar_of_Guittard_chocolate.jpg/240px-Bar_of_Guittard_chocolate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bittersweet or <a href="/wiki/Dark_chocolate" title="Dark chocolate">dark chocolate</a> contains some sugar.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Milk_chocolate.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Milk chocolate contains milk and lower levels of cocoa solids."><img alt="Milk chocolate contains milk and lower levels of cocoa solids." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Milk_chocolate.jpg/120px-Milk_chocolate.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Milk_chocolate.jpg/250px-Milk_chocolate.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1021" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Milk_chocolate" title="Milk chocolate">Milk chocolate</a> contains milk and lower levels of <a href="/wiki/Cocoa_solids" title="Cocoa solids">cocoa solids</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WeisseLuftschokolade.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Because white chocolate contains no cocoa solids, it is classified as sugar confectionery instead of chocolate."><img alt="Because white chocolate contains no cocoa solids, it is classified as sugar confectionery instead of chocolate." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/WeisseLuftschokolade.jpg/120px-WeisseLuftschokolade.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/WeisseLuftschokolade.jpg/180px-WeisseLuftschokolade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/WeisseLuftschokolade.jpg/240px-WeisseLuftschokolade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Because <a href="/wiki/White_chocolate" title="White chocolate">white chocolate</a> contains no cocoa solids, it is classified as <a href="/wiki/Sugar_confectionery" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar confectionery">sugar confectionery</a> instead of chocolate.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Couverture_chocolate_and_compund_chocolate.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Compound chocolate is used in place of pure chocolate to reduce costs."><img alt="Compound chocolate is used in place of pure chocolate to reduce costs." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Couverture_chocolate_and_compund_chocolate.jpg/60px-Couverture_chocolate_and_compund_chocolate.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Couverture_chocolate_and_compund_chocolate.jpg/90px-Couverture_chocolate_and_compund_chocolate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Couverture_chocolate_and_compund_chocolate.jpg/120px-Couverture_chocolate_and_compund_chocolate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1332" data-file-height="2664" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Compound_chocolate" title="Compound chocolate">Compound chocolate</a> is used in place of pure chocolate to reduce costs.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:300x300_choc_rose_cake.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flowers made from modeling chocolate."><img alt="Flowers made from modeling chocolate." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/300x300_choc_rose_cake.jpg/120px-300x300_choc_rose_cake.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/300x300_choc_rose_cake.jpg/250px-300x300_choc_rose_cake.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flowers made from <a href="/wiki/Modeling_chocolate" class="mw-redirect" title="Modeling chocolate">modeling chocolate</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Candy_making" title="Candy making">Candy making</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Batasha_sweets.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="White disk-shaped candies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Batasha_sweets.jpg/220px-Batasha_sweets.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Batasha_sweets.jpg/330px-Batasha_sweets.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Batasha_sweets.jpg/440px-Batasha_sweets.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption><i>Batasha</i> is one of the many traditional candies found in South Asia. Flavored varieties include nuts and mint</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Sugar_candy" title="Sugar candy">Sugar candy</a> is made by dissolving sugar in water or milk to form a <a href="/wiki/Syrup" title="Syrup">syrup</a>, which is boiled until it reaches the desired concentration or starts to <a href="/wiki/Caramelization" title="Caramelization">caramelize</a>. Candy comes in a wide variety of textures, from soft and chewy to hard and brittle. The texture of candy depends on the ingredients and the temperatures that the candy is processed at. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Sugar_stages"></span>The final texture of sugar candy depends primarily on the concentration of sugar. As the syrup is heated, it boils, water evaporates, the sugar concentration increases and the <a href="/wiki/Boiling_point" title="Boiling point">boiling point</a> rises. A given temperature corresponds to a particular sugar concentration. These are called <a href="/wiki/Sugar_stage" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar stage">sugar stages</a>. In general, higher temperatures and greater sugar concentrations result in hard, brittle candies, and lower temperatures result in softer candies.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once the syrup reaches 171 °C (340 °F) or higher, the sucrose molecules break down into many simpler sugars, creating an <a href="/wiki/Amber" title="Amber">amber</a>-colored substance known as <a href="/wiki/Caramel" title="Caramel">caramel</a>. This should not be confused with <a href="/wiki/Caramel_candy" class="mw-redirect" title="Caramel candy">caramel candy</a>, although it is the candy's main flavoring. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_candy_stand_displaying_a_large_variety_of_liquorice_in_Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4,_Finland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A booth selling candy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/A_candy_stand_displaying_a_large_variety_of_liquorice_in_Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4%2C_Finland.jpg/220px-A_candy_stand_displaying_a_large_variety_of_liquorice_in_Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4%2C_Finland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/A_candy_stand_displaying_a_large_variety_of_liquorice_in_Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4%2C_Finland.jpg/330px-A_candy_stand_displaying_a_large_variety_of_liquorice_in_Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4%2C_Finland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/A_candy_stand_displaying_a_large_variety_of_liquorice_in_Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4%2C_Finland.jpg/440px-A_candy_stand_displaying_a_large_variety_of_liquorice_in_Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4%2C_Finland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3760" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Liquorice_(confectionery)" title="Liquorice (confectionery)">Licorice</a></i> is a candy flavored with the extract of the roots of the <a href="/wiki/Glycyrrhiza_glabra" class="mw-redirect" title="Glycyrrhiza glabra">licorice plant</a>. It is popular in <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Most candies are made commercially. The industry relies significantly on <a href="/wiki/Trade_secret" title="Trade secret">trade secret</a> protection, because candy recipes cannot be copyrighted or patented effectively, but are very difficult to duplicate exactly. Seemingly minor differences in the machinery, temperature, or timing of the candy-making process can cause noticeable differences in the final product.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Packaging">Packaging</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Butterscotch-Candies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Butterscotch-Candies.jpg/250px-Butterscotch-Candies.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Butterscotch-Candies.jpg/330px-Butterscotch-Candies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Butterscotch-Candies.jpg/500px-Butterscotch-Candies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2160" data-file-height="1360" /></a><figcaption>Individually wrapped <a href="/wiki/Butterscotch" title="Butterscotch">butterscotch</a> candies.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:White-Box-of-Chocolates.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/White-Box-of-Chocolates.jpg/250px-White-Box-of-Chocolates.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/White-Box-of-Chocolates.jpg/330px-White-Box-of-Chocolates.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/White-Box-of-Chocolates.jpg/500px-White-Box-of-Chocolates.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4080" data-file-height="1840" /></a><figcaption>A box of chocolates, usually given as a gift.</figcaption></figure><p><i>Candy wrapper</i> or <i>sweets wrapper</i> is a common term for this packaging.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Purposes_of_packaging">Purposes of packaging</h3></div> <p>Packaging preserves aroma and flavor and eases shipping and dispensation. <a href="/wiki/Wax_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Wax paper">Wax paper</a> seals against air, moisture, dust, and germs, while <a href="/wiki/Cellophane" title="Cellophane">cellophane</a> is valued by packagers for its transparency and resistance to grease, odors and moisture. In addition, it is often resealable. <a href="/wiki/Polyethylene" title="Polyethylene">Polyethylene</a> is another form of film sealed with heat, and this material is often used to make bags in bulk packaging. Plastic wraps are also common. Aluminum foils wrap chocolate bars and prevent a transfer of water vapor while being lightweight, non-toxic and odor proof. Vegetable parchment lines boxes of high-quality confections like gourmet chocolates. <a href="/wiki/Cardboard_(paper_product)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardboard (paper product)">Cardboard</a> cartons are less common, though they offer many options concerning thickness and movement of water and oil. </p><p>Packages are often sealed with a starch-based adhesive derived from tapioca, potato, wheat, sago, or sweet potato. Occasionally, glues are made from the bones and skin of cattle and hogs for a stronger and more flexible product, but this is not as common because of the expense.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_2">History</h3></div> <p>Prior to the 1900s, candy was commonly sold unwrapped from carts in the street, where it was exposed to dirt and insects. By 1914, there were some machines to wrap <a href="/wiki/Chewing_gum" title="Chewing gum">gum</a> and stick candies, but this was not the common practice. After the <a href="/wiki/Polio" title="Polio">polio</a> outbreak in 1916, unwrapped candies garnered widespread censure because of the dirt and germs. At the time, only upscale candy stores used <a href="/wiki/Glass" title="Glass">glass</a> jars. With advancements in technology, wax paper was adopted, and foil and cellophane were imported to the U.S. from <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> by <a href="/wiki/DuPont" title="DuPont">DuPont</a> in 1925. <a href="/wiki/Necco" title="Necco">Necco</a> packagers were one of the first companies to package without human touch.<sup id="cite_ref-Kawash_2012_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kawash_2012-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kiosks and vending machines were introduced around the beginning of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Candy packaging played a role in its adoption as the most popular treat given away during <a href="/wiki/Trick-or-treating" title="Trick-or-treating">trick-or-treating</a> for <a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a> in the US. In the 1940s, most treats were homemade. During the 1950s, small, individually wrapped candies were recognized as convenient and inexpensive. By the 1970s, after widely publicized but largely false stories of <a href="/wiki/Poisoned_candy_myths" title="Poisoned candy myths">poisoned candy myths</a> circulating in the popular press, factory-sealed packaging with a recognizable name brand on it became a sign of safety.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marketing_and_design">Marketing and design</h3></div> <p>Packaging helps market the product as well. Manufacturers know that candy must be hygienic and attractive to customers. In the children's market quantity, novelty, large size and bright colors are the top sellers.<sup id="cite_ref-Kawash_2012_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kawash_2012-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many companies redesign the packaging to maintain consumer appeal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shelf_life">Shelf life</h2></div> <p>Because of its high sugar concentration, bacteria are not usually able to grow in candy. As a result, the <a href="/wiki/Shelf_life" title="Shelf life">shelf life</a> is longer for candy than for many other foods. Most candies can be safely stored in their original packaging at <a href="/wiki/Room_temperature" title="Room temperature">room temperature</a> in a dry, dark cupboard for months or years. As a rule, the softer the candy or the damper the storage area, the sooner it goes stale.<sup id="cite_ref-Candycrate_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Candycrate-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shelf life considerations with most candies are focused on appearance, taste, and texture, rather than about the potential for <a href="/wiki/Foodborne_illness" title="Foodborne illness">food poisoning</a>; that is, old candy may not look appealing or taste very good, even though it is very unlikely to make the eater sick. Candy can be made <a href="/wiki/Food_safety" title="Food safety">unsafe</a> by storing it badly, such as in a wet, <a href="/wiki/Mold_(fungus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mold (fungus)">moldy</a> area. Typical recommendations are these:<sup id="cite_ref-Candycrate_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Candycrate-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hard_candy" title="Hard candy">Hard candy</a> may last indefinitely in good storage conditions.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_chocolate" title="Dark chocolate">Dark chocolate</a> lasts up to two years.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_chocolate" title="Milk chocolate">Milk chocolates</a> and caramels usually become stale after about one year.</li> <li>Soft or creamy candies, like <a href="/wiki/Candy_corn" title="Candy corn">candy corn</a>, may last 8 to 10 months in ideal conditions.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chewing_gum" title="Chewing gum">Chewing gum</a> and gumballs may stay fresh as long as 8 months after manufacture.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nutrition">Nutrition</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caramels.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Caramels.jpg/250px-Caramels.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Caramels.jpg/330px-Caramels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Caramels.jpg/500px-Caramels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3540" data-file-height="1960" /></a><figcaption>Caramels, candy made from butter, milk and sugar, have little nutritional value.</figcaption></figure> <p>Most sugar candies are defined in US law as a food of <a href="/wiki/Minimal_nutritional_value" title="Minimal nutritional value">minimal nutritional value</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Even in a culture that eats sweets frequently, candy is not a significant source of nutrition or food energy for most people. The average American eats about 1.1 kg (2.5 pounds) of sugar or similar sweeteners each week, but almost 95% of that sugar—all but about 70 grams (2.5 ounces)—comes from non-candy sources, especially <a href="/wiki/Soft_drinks" class="mw-redirect" title="Soft drinks">soft drinks</a> and processed foods.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Meal_replacements">Meal replacements</h3></div> <p>Candy is considered a source of <a href="/wiki/Empty_calories" title="Empty calories">empty calories</a>, because it provides little or no nutritional value beyond food energy. At the start of the 20th century, when <a href="/wiki/Undernutrition" class="mw-redirect" title="Undernutrition">undernutrition</a> was a serious problem, especially among poor and working-class people, and when nutrition science was a new field, the high calorie content was promoted as a virtue. Researchers suggested that candy, especially candy made with milk and nuts, was a low-cost alternative to normal meals. To get the food energy necessary for a day of labor, candy might cost half as much as eggs.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 1920s and 1930s, candy bars selling for five cents were often marketed as replacements for lunch.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the 1904 World Fair, the Quaker Oats Company made a candy-coated puffed cereal, a wheat-based product similar to <a href="/wiki/Cracker_Jack" title="Cracker Jack">Cracker Jack</a>'s candy-coated popcorn. The product concept was re-introduced unsuccessfully in 1939 by another business as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranger_Joe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ranger Joe (page does not exist)">Ranger Joe</a>, the first pre-sweetened, candy-coated <a href="/wiki/Breakfast_cereal" title="Breakfast cereal">breakfast cereal</a>. <a href="/wiki/Post_Foods" class="mw-redirect" title="Post Foods">Post Foods</a> introduced their own version in 1948, originally called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Happy_Jax&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Happy Jax (page does not exist)">Happy Jax</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Sugar_Crisp" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar Crisp">Sugar Crisp</a>. They marketed it as both a replacement for unsweetened breakfast cereals and also for eating as a snack or as candy, using three animated cartoon bears as the mascots: Candy, Handy, and Dandy. The early slogans said, "As a cereal it's dandy—for snacks it's so handy—or eat it like candy!"<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In more recent times, a variety of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Snack_bar_(food)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Snack bar (food) (page does not exist)">snack bars</a> have been marketed. These include bars that are intended as <a href="/wiki/Meal_replacement" title="Meal replacement">meal replacements</a> as well as snack bars that are marketed as having nutritional advantages when compared to candy bars, such as <a href="/wiki/Granola_bars" class="mw-redirect" title="Granola bars">granola bars</a>. However, the actual nutritional value is often not very different from candy bars, except for usually a higher sodium content, and the flavors (most popularly, chocolate, fudge, and caramel) and the presentation mimic candy bars.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sesame_Seed_Ball_(Candy).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Sesame_Seed_Ball_%28Candy%29.jpg/250px-Sesame_Seed_Ball_%28Candy%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Sesame_Seed_Ball_%28Candy%29.jpg/330px-Sesame_Seed_Ball_%28Candy%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Sesame_Seed_Ball_%28Candy%29.jpg/500px-Sesame_Seed_Ball_%28Candy%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Sesame seed balls</figcaption></figure> <p>Among the <a href="/wiki/Bengali_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali people">Bengali people</a>, candy may be eaten for an entire meal, especially during festivals. Candy may also be offered to vegetarian guests in lieu of fish or meat dishes in India.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</h3></div> <p>Most candy contains no meat or other animal parts, and many contain no milk or other animal products. Some candy, including <a href="/wiki/Marshmallow" title="Marshmallow">marshmallows</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gummi_bear" class="mw-redirect" title="Gummi bear">gummi bears</a>, contains <a href="/wiki/Gelatin" title="Gelatin">gelatin</a> derived from animal collagen, a protein found in skin and bones, and is thus avoided by <a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">vegans</a> and some <a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">vegetarians</a>. "<a href="/wiki/Kosher" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher">Kosher</a> <a href="/wiki/Gelatin#Religious_considerations" title="Gelatin">gelatin</a>" is also unsuitable for vegetarians and vegans, as it is derived from fish bones.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other substances, such as <a href="/wiki/Agar" title="Agar">agar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pectin" title="Pectin">pectin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Starch" title="Starch">starch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gum_arabic" title="Gum arabic">gum arabic</a> may also be used as setting and gelling agents, and can be used in place of gelatin. </p><p>Other ingredients commonly found in candy that are not suitable for vegetarian or vegan diets include <a href="/wiki/Carmine" title="Carmine">carmine</a>, a red dye made from <a href="/wiki/Cochineal" title="Cochineal">cochineal</a> beetles, and <a href="/wiki/Confectioner%27s_glaze" class="mw-redirect" title="Confectioner's glaze">confectioner's glaze</a>, which contains <a href="/wiki/Shellac" title="Shellac">shellac</a>, a resin excreted by female <a href="/wiki/Kerria_lacca" title="Kerria lacca">lac bugs</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_effects">Health effects</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cavities">Cavities</h3></div> <p>Candy generally contains sugar, which is a key environmental factor in the formation of <a href="/wiki/Dental_caries" class="mw-redirect" title="Dental caries">dental caries</a> (cavities).<sup id="cite_ref-:3_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several types of <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a> commonly found in the mouth consume sugar, particularly <i><a href="/wiki/Streptococcus_mutans" title="Streptococcus mutans">Streptococcus mutans</a></i>. When these bacteria metabolize the sugar found in most candies, juice, or other sugary foods, they produce <a href="/wiki/Acid" title="Acid">acids</a> in the mouth that demineralize the <a href="/wiki/Tooth_enamel" title="Tooth enamel">tooth enamel</a> and can lead to dental caries. Heavy or frequent consumption of high-sugar foods, especially lollipops, sugary <a href="/wiki/Cough_drops" class="mw-redirect" title="Cough drops">cough drops</a>, and other sugar-based candies that stay in the mouth for a long time, increases the risk of tooth decay.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Candies that also contain enamel-dissolving acids, such as <a href="/wiki/Sour_sanding" title="Sour sanding">acid drops</a>, increase the risk.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cleaning the teeth and mouth shortly after eating any type of sugary food, and allowing several hours to pass between eating such foods, reduces the risk and improves <a href="/wiki/Oral_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Oral health">oral health</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, frequent consumption of fruits and fruit juice, which contain both acid and sugars, may be a more significant factor in dental decay than candies.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_39-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The link between candy and caries was formally identified through the <a href="/wiki/Vipeholm_experiments" title="Vipeholm experiments">Vipeholm experiments</a>, where intellectually disabled people were fed copious amounts of candy and were found to develop poor dental health.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The experiments are today considered to have violated multiple principles of <a href="/wiki/Medical_ethics" title="Medical ethics">medical ethics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Glycemic_index">Glycemic index</h3></div> <p>Most candy, particularly low-fat and fat-free candy, has a high <a href="/wiki/Glycemic_index" title="Glycemic index">glycemic index</a> (GI), which means that it causes a rapid rise in <a href="/wiki/Blood_sugar" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood sugar">blood sugar</a> levels after ingestion. This is chiefly a concern for people with <a href="/wiki/Diabetes" title="Diabetes">diabetes</a>, but could also be dangerous to the health of non-diabetics.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contamination">Contamination</h3></div> <p>Some kinds of candy have been contaminated with an excessive amount of <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a> in it.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Claims of contamination have been made since shortly after industrial-scale candy factories began producing candy in the mid-19th century, although these early claims were rarely true.<sup id="cite_ref-Kawash8_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kawash8-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Contamination by infectious agents such as virus or bacteria is unlikely through sweets, including unwrapped sweets. This is in part because bacteria can not replicate in the very dry and sweet environment of candy.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Choking_deaths">Choking deaths</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kinder_Surprise_Egg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Thin egg-shaped chocolate shell, broken open to reveal a large plastic capsule that contains a cheap plastic toy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Kinder_Surprise_Egg.jpg/250px-Kinder_Surprise_Egg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Kinder_Surprise_Egg.jpg/330px-Kinder_Surprise_Egg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Kinder_Surprise_Egg.jpg/500px-Kinder_Surprise_Egg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3037" data-file-height="2006" /></a><figcaption>Candies with plastic toys inside can create a choking hazard</figcaption></figure> <p>Hard, round candies are a leading cause of <a href="/wiki/Choking" title="Choking">choking</a> deaths in children.<sup id="cite_ref-Roach_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roach-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some types of candy, such as <a href="/wiki/Lychee_Mini_Fruity_Gels" title="Lychee Mini Fruity Gels">Lychee Mini Fruity Gels</a>, have been associated with so many choking deaths that their import or manufacture is banned by some countries.<sup id="cite_ref-Roach_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roach-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Non-nutritive toy products such as <a href="/wiki/Chocolate_eggs" class="mw-redirect" title="Chocolate eggs">chocolate eggs</a> containing packaging with a toy inside are banned from sale in the US. If the material attached to confectionery has a function and will not cause any injury to the consumer, it is allowed to be marketed. In the EU, however, the Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC specifies that toys contained in food only need separate packaging that cannot be swallowed.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sales">Sales</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_top-selling_candy_brands" title="List of top-selling candy brands">List of top-selling candy brands</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M%26M_candy_at_New_York_shop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="All assorted M&M candies in tubes at signature shop in New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/M%26M_candy_at_New_York_shop.jpg/220px-M%26M_candy_at_New_York_shop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/M%26M_candy_at_New_York_shop.jpg/330px-M%26M_candy_at_New_York_shop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/M%26M_candy_at_New_York_shop.jpg/440px-M%26M_candy_at_New_York_shop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>All assorted M&M candies at New York shop</figcaption></figure> <p>Global sales of candies were estimated to have been approximately US$118 billion in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States, $2 is spent on chocolate for every $1 spent on non-chocolate candy.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because each culture varies in how it treats some foods, a food may be considered a candy in one place and a dessert in another. For example, in Western countries, <a href="/wiki/Baklava" title="Baklava">baklava</a> is served on a plate and eaten with a fork as a dessert, but in the Middle East, Northern Africa, and Eastern Europe, it is treated as a candy.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_significance">Cultural significance</h2></div> <p>Candy is the source of several cultural themes. </p><p>Adults worry that other people will use candy to poison or entice children into harmful situations. <a href="/wiki/Stranger_danger" title="Stranger danger">Stranger danger</a> warnings include telling children not to take candy from strangers, for fear of the child being abducted. <a href="/wiki/Poisoned_candy_myths" title="Poisoned candy myths">Poisoned candy myths</a> persist in popular culture, especially around <a href="/wiki/Trick-or-treating" title="Trick-or-treating">trick-or-treating</a> at <a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a>, despite the rarity of actual incidents.<sup id="cite_ref-Kawash8_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kawash8-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The phrase <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/en:like_taking_candy_from_a_baby" class="extiw" title="wikt:en:like taking candy from a baby"><i>like taking candy from a baby</i></a> is a common <a href="/wiki/Simile" title="Simile">simile</a>, and means that something is very easy to do.<sup id="cite_ref-Kawash8_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kawash8-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 1959 Swedish <a href="/wiki/Dental_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Dental health">dental health</a> campaign encouraged people to reduce the risk of dental problems by limiting consumption of candy to once a week. The slogan, "All the sweets you want, but only once a week", started a tradition of buying candy every Saturday, called <i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6rdagsgodis" title="Lördagsgodis">lördagsgodis</a></i> (literally "Saturday candy").<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Holidays">Holidays</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Association_with_Halloween">Association with Halloween</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Overly_detailed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-overly_detailed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may contain an excessive amount of intricate <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:DETAIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:DETAIL">detail</a> that may interest only a particular audience</b>. <b>Specifically, most of this information applies only to a single country</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help by removing excessive detail that may be against <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">Wikipedia's inclusion policy</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>To this day, the process of going door to door to receive free candy during Halloween-time has become a major draw for children all across America. Children across the country dress up in costume and go door to door. In turn, the residents of each house graciously buy candy for children and hand it out in small increments. Just as it had been in the mid-1970s, the main form of candy that is passed out is pre-packaged sweets. Parents feel much more easy minded allowing their children to eat pre-packaged candies because of the quality control that comes with each product. As a result, name brand candies have become a staple for Halloween and trick-or-treating up to the present. Some candies continue to be popular with trick-or-treaters, such as Reese's Cups, Kit Kat, and Snickers, which were the top three Halloween candies of 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> The tradition of handing out treats on Halloween originated from the holiday of All Hallows Day, or All Saints Day, which derives from Christian tradition. On this day, children would travel across town, saying prayers along the way. These children prayed mainly for all people who had died. In between their prayers, these children would also arrive at the doorsteps of people within their town. As a reward for their actions, they were given homemade cakes referred to as soul cakes, made by the homeowners. These soul cakes resembled a form of biscuit and were usually filled with raisins or cinnamon among other ingredients. Many cakes were also given to the poor during this time. The soul cakes gave these children the incentive to pray intensely in exchange for sweets.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Halloween_candy_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Halloween_candy_1.jpg/250px-Halloween_candy_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Halloween_candy_1.jpg/330px-Halloween_candy_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Halloween_candy_1.jpg/500px-Halloween_candy_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1932" /></a><figcaption>Halloween candy being sold at a <a href="/wiki/Supermarket" title="Supermarket">supermarket</a> in <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The idea of providing trick-or-treaters with candy was not fully conceptualized until the 1950s. Up until that point many households continued to provide children with soul cakes among other homemade goods. However, it was discovered by numerous candy producers that the holiday of Halloween could be marketed to sell their products. As a result, many households began to buy candy products. The main draw to these candy products were that they were inexpensive, took no time to prepare, and came in bulk. Nevertheless, candy would not completely take over until the 1970s. Up until that point, givers would continue to make treats or package small toys and coins specifically for Halloween.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main cause for the shift from homemade treats to pre-packaged candies was the result of speculation concerning tampered food. Many parents during this time were concerned that their children were being exposed to needles or toxic chemicals within their halloween goods. The lack of packaging made it much easier for a person to put dangerous substances into the food they were planning to give out. These worries were heightened because of a large number of false reports concerning medical attention relating to dangerous halloween treats. As a result, parents became much more likely to allow their children to participate in Halloween festivities when packed candy was introduced. They noticed that it would be much harder for a person to tamper with factory packaged sweets because the seal would be torn. It would be too noticeable if someone tried to affect the product.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Judging from recent statistics, it is evident that Halloween candy is still at high demand. In 2021 alone, profits from halloween candy were up to at least "$324 million". From the same report, the demand for halloween candy was "up 59.8% from 2019". From these numbers it can be presumed that Halloween is still a big deal for Americans. An even bigger deal for the American public is the act of receiving candy from trick-or-treating. Candy continues to be a staple for the Halloween season and remains the biggest draw for participation.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulk_confectionery" title="Bulk confectionery">Bulk confectionery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candy_making" title="Candy making">Candy making</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_candies" title="List of candies">List of candies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_desserts" title="List of desserts">List of desserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_top-selling_candy_brands" title="List of top-selling candy brands">List of top-selling candy brands</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Candy" is used chiefly in Canada and the US, "sweets" in the UK and Ireland, and "lollies" in Australia and New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-Chandrasekaran2015_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chandrasekaran2015-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Chandrasekaran2015-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chandrasekaran2015_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMuthusamy_Chandrasekaran2015" class="citation book cs1">Muthusamy Chandrasekaran (23 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3ne9CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA206"><i>Enzymes in Food and Beverage Processing</i></a>. CRC Press. p. 206. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4822-2130-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4822-2130-5"><bdi>978-1-4822-2130-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308165159/https://books.google.com/books?id=3ne9CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA206">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Enzymes+in+Food+and+Beverage+Processing&rft.pages=206&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2015-10-23&rft.isbn=978-1-4822-2130-5&rft.au=Muthusamy+Chandrasekaran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3ne9CgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA206&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRichardson2002" class="citation book cs1">Richardson, Tim H. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sweets00timr/page/53"><i>Sweets: A History of Candy</i></a>. Bloomsbury USA. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sweets00timr/page/53">53–54</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58234-229-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-58234-229-6"><bdi>1-58234-229-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sweets%3A+A+History+of+Candy&rft.pages=53-54&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+USA&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-58234-229-6&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=Tim+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsweets00timr%2Fpage%2F53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/candy">"Candy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Online_Etymological_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Online Etymological Dictionary">Online Etymological Dictionary</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220222090228/https://www.etymonline.com/word/candy">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-02-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-02-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Candy&rft.btitle=Online+Etymological+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Fcandy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George Watt (1893), The Economic Products of India, W.H. Allen & Co., Vol 6, Part II, pages 29–30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J.A. Hill (1902), The Anglo-American Encyclopedia, Volume 7, page 725</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas E. Furia (1973), CRC Handbook of Food Additives, Second Edition, Volume 1, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0849305429" title="Special:BookSources/978-0849305429">978-0849305429</a>, page 7 (Chapter 1, by Thomas D. Luckey)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mary Ellen Snodgrass (2004), Encyclopedia of Kitchen History, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1579583804" title="Special:BookSources/978-1579583804">978-1579583804</a>, Routledge, pages 145–146</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=candy">"candy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language" title="The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language">The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180920234621/https://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=candy">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-09-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-02-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=candy&rft.btitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3Dcandy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-agrisugar1-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-agrisugar1_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150905234431/http://www.eastagri.org/publications/pub_docs/4_Sugar_web.pdf">"Agribusiness Handbook: Sugar beet white sugar"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Food and Agriculture Organization, United Nations. 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eastagri.org/publications/pub_docs/4_Sugar_web.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2015-09-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-06-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Agribusiness+Handbook%3A+Sugar+beet+white+sugar&rft.pub=Food+and+Agriculture+Organization%2C+United+Nations&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eastagri.org%2Fpublications%2Fpub_docs%2F4_Sugar_web.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNPCS2013" class="citation book cs1">NPCS (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a989AQAAQBAJ"><i>Confectionery Products Handbook (Chocolate, Toffees, Chewing Gum & Sugar Free Confectionery)</i></a>. India: Asia Pacific Business Press. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788178331539" title="Special:BookSources/9788178331539"><bdi>9788178331539</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Confectionery+Products+Handbook+%28Chocolate%2C+Toffees%2C+Chewing+Gum+%26+Sugar+Free+Confectionery%29&rft.place=India&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Asia+Pacific+Business+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9788178331539&rft.au=NPCS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da989AQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-History_of_Food-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Food_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Food_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFToussaint-Samat2009" class="citation book cs1">Toussaint-Samat, Maguelonne (2009). <i>A History of Food</i>. New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781444305142" title="Special:BookSources/9781444305142"><bdi>9781444305142</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Food&rft.place=New+Jersey&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781444305142&rft.aulast=Toussaint-Samat&rft.aufirst=Maguelonne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OED-candy-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OED-candy_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/?term=candy">"candy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=candy&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2F%3Fterm%3Dcandy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131106015828/http://www.usaid.gov/locations/latin_america_caribbean/environment/docs/ag%26environ/Sugarcane.pdf">"Sugarcane: Saccharum Officinarum"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. USAID, Govt of United States. 2006. p. 1 (Chapter 7). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.usaid.gov/locations/latin_america_caribbean/environment/docs/ag&environ/Sugarcane.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on November 6, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sugarcane%3A+Saccharum+Officinarum&rft.pages=1+%28Chapter+7%29&rft.pub=USAID%2C+Govt+of+United+States&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.usaid.gov%2Flocations%2Flatin_america_caribbean%2Fenvironment%2Fdocs%2Fag%26environ%2FSugarcane.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopedia-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWoloson" class="citation web cs1">Woloson, Wendy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006100921/http://www.oxford-americanfoodanddrink.com/entry?entry=t170.e0127">"The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America"</a>. Oxford University Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxford-americanfoodanddrink.com/entry?entry=t170.e0127">the original</a> on October 6, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Encyclopedia+of+Food+and+Drink+in+America&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.aulast=Woloson&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxford-americanfoodanddrink.com%2Fentry%3Fentry%3Dt170.e0127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Refined_Tastes-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Refined_Tastes_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWoloson2002" class="citation book cs1">Woloson, Wendy (2002). <i>Refined Tastes</i>. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Refined+Tastes&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pub=The+Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Woloson&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Distillations-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Distillations_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Distillations_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHansen2017" class="citation journal cs1">Hansen, Bert (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/our-mutual-friend">"Our Mutual Friend"</a>. <i>Distillations</i>. <b>3</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">10–</span>11. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190602060326/https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/our-mutual-friend">Archived</a> from the original on June 2, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Distillations&rft.atitle=Our+Mutual+Friend&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E10-%3C%2Fspan%3E11&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=Bert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencehistory.org%2Fdistillations%2Four-mutual-friend&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nutrition2007-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nutrition2007_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcWilliams,_Margaret2007" class="citation book cs1">McWilliams, Margaret (2007). <i>Nutrition and Dietetics' 2007 Edition</i>. Rex Bookstore, Inc. pp. <span class="nowrap">177–</span>184. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-971-23-4738-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-971-23-4738-2"><bdi>978-971-23-4738-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nutrition+and+Dietetics%27+2007+Edition&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E177-%3C%2Fspan%3E184&rft.pub=Rex+Bookstore%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-971-23-4738-2&rft.au=McWilliams%2C+Margaret&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWard1923" class="citation book cs1">Ward, Artemas (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PiMUAQAAMAAJ"><i>The Encyclopedia of food</i></a>. P. Smith. p. 64. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780844614649" title="Special:BookSources/9780844614649"><bdi>9780844614649</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308165147/https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Encyclopedia_of_Food/PiMUAQAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-03-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-08-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+food&rft.pages=64&rft.pub=P.+Smith&rft.date=1923&rft.isbn=9780844614649&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Artemas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPiMUAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-potter1999-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-potter1999_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Norman Potter and Joseph Hotchkiss (1999), Food Science: Fifth Edition, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0834212657" title="Special:BookSources/978-0834212657">978-0834212657</a>, Springer, Chapter 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ueno_Ives_2023_f933-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ueno_Ives_2023_f933_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUenoIves2023" class="citation web cs1">Ueno, Hisako; Ives, Mike (2023-08-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/11/world/asia/japan-flavorless-candy-lawsons.html">"A Japanese Candy Tasted Like Nothing. Why Do People Miss It?"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Japanese+Candy+Tasted+Like+Nothing.+Why+Do+People+Miss+It%3F&rft.date=2023-08-11&rft.aulast=Ueno&rft.aufirst=Hisako&rft.au=Ives%2C+Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F08%2F11%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fjapan-flavorless-candy-lawsons.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEdwards2000" class="citation book cs1">Edwards, W.P. (2000). <i>The Science of Sugar Confectionery</i>. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780854045938" title="Special:BookSources/9780854045938"><bdi>9780854045938</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Science+of+Sugar+Confectionery&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Royal+Society+of+Chemistry&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780854045938&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=W.P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exploratorium.edu/cooking/candy/sugar-stages.html">The Cold Water Candy Test</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060106142332/http://www.exploratorium.edu/cooking/candy/sugar-stages.html">Archived</a> 2006-01-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Exploratorium; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baking911.com/candy/chart.htm">Sugar Syrup Chart</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070128103614/http://www.baking911.com/candy/chart.htm#">Archived</a> 2007-01-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at Baking911</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRichardson2002" class="citation book cs1">Richardson, Tim H. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sweets00timr/page/12"><i>Sweets: A History of Candy</i></a>. Bloomsbury USA. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sweets00timr/page/12">12–13</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58234-229-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-58234-229-6"><bdi>1-58234-229-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sweets%3A+A+History+of+Candy&rft.pages=12-13&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+USA&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-58234-229-6&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=Tim+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsweets00timr%2Fpage%2F12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wholesalecandystore.com/old-candy-wrappers.html">Old Candy Wrappers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110517062026/http://www.wholesalecandystore.com/old-candy-wrappers.html">Archived</a> 2011-05-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Wholesale Candy Store. Retrieved on November 2, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Trends in Food Packaging Technology". <i>Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry</i>. <b>1</b> (16): <span class="nowrap">978–</span>986. October 1953. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953JAFC....1..978.">1953JAFC....1..978.</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fjf60016a002">10.1021/jf60016a002</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Trends+in+Food+Packaging+Technology&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E978-%3C%2Fspan%3E986&rft.date=1953-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fjf60016a002&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1953JAFC....1..978.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kawash_2012-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kawash_2012_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kawash_2012_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKawash2012" class="citation journal cs1">Kawash, Samira (September 2012). "The Candy Prophylactic: Danger, Disease, and Children's Candy around 1916". <i>The Journal of American Culture</i>. <b>33</b> (3).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+American+Culture&rft.atitle=The+Candy+Prophylactic%3A+Danger%2C+Disease%2C+and+Children%27s+Candy+around+1916&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2012-09&rft.aulast=Kawash&rft.aufirst=Samira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOtter2020" class="citation book cs1">Otter, Chris (2020). <i>Diet for a large planet</i>. US: University of Chicago Press. p. 90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-69710-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-69710-9"><bdi>978-0-226-69710-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diet+for+a+large+planet&rft.place=US&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-226-69710-9&rft.aulast=Otter&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKawash2013" class="citation book cs1">Kawash, Samira (2013). <i>Candy: A Century of Panic and Pleasure</i>. New York: Faber & Faber, Incorporated. pp. <span class="nowrap">271–</span>276. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780865477568" title="Special:BookSources/9780865477568"><bdi>9780865477568</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Candy%3A+A+Century+of+Panic+and+Pleasure&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E271-%3C%2Fspan%3E276&rft.pub=Faber+%26+Faber%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780865477568&rft.aulast=Kawash&rft.aufirst=Samira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Candycrate-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Candycrate_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Candycrate_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.candycrate.com/shelf-life-of-candy.html">The Shelf Life of Candy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110911171620/http://www.candycrate.com/shelf-life-of-candy.html">Archived</a> 2011-09-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from The Candy Crate</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fns.usda.gov/school-meals/foods-minimal-nutritional-value">"Foods of Minimal Nutritional Value"</a>. <i>www.fns.usda.gov</i>. Appendix B of 7 CFR Part 210. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Nutrition_Service" title="Food and Nutrition Service">Food and Nutrition Service</a>, United States Department of Agriculture. 13 September 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150528145328/https://www.fns.usda.gov/school-meals/foods-minimal-nutritional-value">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-05-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-08-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fns.usda.gov&rft.atitle=Foods+of+Minimal+Nutritional+Value&rft.date=2013-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fns.usda.gov%2Fschool-meals%2Ffoods-minimal-nutritional-value&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKawash2013" class="citation book cs1">Kawash, Samira (2013). <i>Candy: A Century of Panic and Pleasure</i>. New York: Faber & Faber, Incorporated. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780865477568" title="Special:BookSources/9780865477568"><bdi>9780865477568</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Candy%3A+A+Century+of+Panic+and+Pleasure&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Faber+%26+Faber%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780865477568&rft.aulast=Kawash&rft.aufirst=Samira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKawash2013" class="citation book cs1">Kawash, Samira (2013). <i>Candy: A Century of Panic and Pleasure</i>. New York: Faber & Faber, Incorporated. p. 98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780865477568" title="Special:BookSources/9780865477568"><bdi>9780865477568</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Candy%3A+A+Century+of+Panic+and+Pleasure&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=Faber+%26+Faber%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780865477568&rft.aulast=Kawash&rft.aufirst=Samira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKawash2013" class="citation book cs1">Kawash, Samira (2013). <i>Candy: A Century of Panic and Pleasure</i>. New York: Faber & Faber, Incorporated. pp. <span class="nowrap">310–</span>318. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780865477568" title="Special:BookSources/9780865477568"><bdi>9780865477568</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Candy%3A+A+Century+of+Panic+and+Pleasure&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E310-%3C%2Fspan%3E318&rft.pub=Faber+%26+Faber%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780865477568&rft.aulast=Kawash&rft.aufirst=Samira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKawash2013" class="citation book cs1">Kawash, Samira (2013-10-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g_5DAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA287"><i>Candy: A Century of Panic and Pleasure</i></a>. Macmillan. pp. 287–289 and color plate #15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780865477568" title="Special:BookSources/9780865477568"><bdi>9780865477568</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Candy%3A+A+Century+of+Panic+and+Pleasure&rft.pages=287-289+and+color+plate+%2315&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2013-10-15&rft.isbn=9780865477568&rft.aulast=Kawash&rft.aufirst=Samira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg_5DAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA287&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRichardson2002" class="citation book cs1">Richardson, Tim H. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sweets00timr/page/335"><i>Sweets: A History of Candy</i></a>. Bloomsbury USA. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sweets00timr/page/335">335–336</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58234-229-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-58234-229-6"><bdi>1-58234-229-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sweets%3A+A+History+of+Candy&rft.pages=335-336&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+USA&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-58234-229-6&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=Tim+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsweets00timr%2Fpage%2F335&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kashrut.com/articles/DryBones/">Will These Bones Live? 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European Parliament & Council. 18 June 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160126180535/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:02009L0048-20140721&from=EN">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Directive+2009%2F48%2FEC+on+the+safety+of+toys&rft.pub=European+Parliament+%26+Council&rft.date=2009-06-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feur-lex.europa.eu%2Flegal-content%2FEN%2FTXT%2FPDF%2F%3Furi%3DCELEX%3A02009L0048-20140721%26from%3DEN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKawash2013" class="citation book cs1">Kawash, Samira (2013). <i>Candy: A Century of Panic and Pleasure</i>. New York: Faber & Faber, Incorporated. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780865477568" title="Special:BookSources/9780865477568"><bdi>9780865477568</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Candy%3A+A+Century+of+Panic+and+Pleasure&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Faber+%26+Faber%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780865477568&rft.aulast=Kawash&rft.aufirst=Samira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRivenburg2020" class="citation news cs1">Rivenburg, Roy (21 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/food/story/2020-10-21/will-the-pandemic-hurt-the-candy-industrial-complex">"Will the Pandemic Hurt the Candy–Industrial Complex?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201023184443/https://www.latimes.com/food/story/2020-10-21/will-the-pandemic-hurt-the-candy-industrial-complex">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-10-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Will+the+Pandemic+Hurt+the+Candy%E2%80%93Industrial+Complex%3F&rft.date=2020-10-21&rft.aulast=Rivenburg&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Ffood%2Fstory%2F2020-10-21%2Fwill-the-pandemic-hurt-the-candy-industrial-complex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKawash2013" class="citation book cs1">Kawash, Samira (2013). <i>Candy: A Century of Panic and Pleasure</i>. New York: Faber & Faber, Incorporated. pp. <span class="nowrap">257–</span>258. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780865477568" title="Special:BookSources/9780865477568"><bdi>9780865477568</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Candy%3A+A+Century+of+Panic+and+Pleasure&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E257-%3C%2Fspan%3E258&rft.pub=Faber+%26+Faber%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780865477568&rft.aulast=Kawash&rft.aufirst=Samira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPolansky2022" class="citation web cs1">Polansky, Rob (25 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wfsb.com/2022/10/25/this-years-most-popular-halloween-candy-is/">"And this year's most popular Halloween candy is..."</a> <i>www.wfsb.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221129032036/https://www.wfsb.com/2022/10/25/this-years-most-popular-halloween-candy-is/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-11-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.wfsb.com&rft.atitle=And+this+year%27s+most+popular+Halloween+candy+is...&rft.date=2022-10-25&rft.aulast=Polansky&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wfsb.com%2F2022%2F10%2F25%2Fthis-years-most-popular-halloween-candy-is%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSheidlowerMarya2021" class="citation web cs1">Sheidlower, Noah; Marya, Radhika (2021-10-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2021/10/31/us/halloween-food-candy-history-apple-peels-cec/">"Halloween food traditions go way back – and didn't always involve candy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220924154518/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/10/31/us/halloween-food-candy-history-apple-peels-cec/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-09-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-02-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Halloween+food+traditions+go+way+back+%E2%80%93+and+didn%27t+always+involve+candy&rft.date=2021-10-31&rft.aulast=Sheidlower&rft.aufirst=Noah&rft.au=Marya%2C+Radhika&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2021%2F10%2F31%2Fus%2Fhalloween-food-candy-history-apple-peels-cec%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/602879/halloween-candy-history">"Why Do We Eat Candy on Halloween?"</a>. <i>Mental Floss</i>. 2019-10-15. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221007213421/https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/602879/halloween-candy-history">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-10-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mental+Floss&rft.atitle=Why+Do+We+Eat+Candy+on+Halloween%3F&rft.date=2019-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mentalfloss.com%2Farticle%2F602879%2Fhalloween-candy-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKawash2010" class="citation web cs1">Kawash, Samira (2010-10-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2010/10/how-candy-and-halloween-became-best-friends/64895/">"How Candy and Halloween Became Best Friends"</a>. <i>The Atlantic</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221024224032/https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2010/10/how-candy-and-halloween-became-best-friends/64895/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-10-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=How+Candy+and+Halloween+Became+Best+Friends&rft.date=2010-10-21&rft.aulast=Kawash&rft.aufirst=Samira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fhealth%2Farchive%2F2010%2F10%2Fhow-candy-and-halloween-became-best-friends%2F64895%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yahoo.com/now/halloween-candy-sales-booming-most-161500024.html">"Halloween candy sales are booming. Here are the most popular candies in your state"</a>. <i>www.yahoo.com</i>. 18 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221025172236/https://www.yahoo.com/now/halloween-candy-sales-booming-most-161500024.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-10-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.yahoo.com&rft.atitle=Halloween+candy+sales+are+booming.+Here+are+the+most+popular+candies+in+your+state&rft.date=2021-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yahoo.com%2Fnow%2Fhalloween-candy-sales-booming-most-161500024.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACandy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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.sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>candy</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/candy" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/candy">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Candy" class="extiw" title="c:Candy">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/candy" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/candy">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Candy" class="extiw" title="q:Candy">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/candy" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/candy">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/candy" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/candy">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/candy" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/candy">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.candywrappermuseum.com/">Candy Wrapper Museum</a> – Extensive photo archive</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.CandyUSA.org/">National Confectioners Association</a> – Information on a variety of candies</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exploratorium.edu/cooking/candy/sugar-stages.html">Science of Candy</a> – Descriptions and videos of hardness stages</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/10/24/magazine/candy-world-favorite.html">33 Unique Treats From All Around the World</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Candy207" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Candy" title="Template:Candy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Candy" title="Template talk:Candy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Candy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Candy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Candy207" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Candy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By category</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_confectionery" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar confectionery">Sugar confectionery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_candy" title="Sugar candy">Sugar candy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chewing_gum" title="Chewing gum">Chewing gum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chocolate" title="Chocolate">Chocolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_candy" class="mw-redirect" title="Penny candy">Penny candy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_candies" title="List of candies">List of candies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_top-selling_candy_brands" title="List of top-selling candy brands">List of top-selling candy brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_breath_mints" title="List of breath mints">List of breath mints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_confectionery_brands" title="List of confectionery brands">List of confectionery brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chocolatiers" title="List of chocolatiers">List of chocolatiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chocolate_bar_brands" title="List of chocolate bar brands">List of chocolate bar brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chocolate_manufacturers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of chocolate manufacturers">List of chocolate manufacturers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chocolate" title="Chocolate">Chocolate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Types_of_chocolate" title="Types of chocolate">Types of chocolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compound_chocolate" title="Compound chocolate">Compound chocolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couverture_chocolate" title="Couverture chocolate">Couverture chocolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_chocolate" title="White chocolate">White chocolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chocolate_bar" title="Chocolate bar">Chocolate bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chocolate_truffle" title="Chocolate truffle">Chocolate truffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mint_chocolate" title="Mint chocolate">Mint chocolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fudge" title="Fudge">Fudge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_chocolate" title="Belgian chocolate">Belgian chocolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_chocolate" title="French chocolate">French chocolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_chocolate" title="Swiss chocolate">Swiss chocolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chocolaterie" title="Chocolaterie">Chocolaterie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chewing_gum" title="Chewing gum">Chewing gum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bubble_gum" title="Bubble gum">Bubble gum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functional_chewing_gum" title="Functional chewing gum">Functional chewing gum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chewing_gum_brands" title="List of chewing gum brands">List of chewing gum brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gum_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Gum industry">Gum industry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sugar_candy" title="Sugar candy">Sugar candy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hard_candy" title="Hard candy">Hard candy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caramels" class="mw-redirect" title="Caramels">Caramels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toffee" title="Toffee">Toffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taffy_(candy)" title="Taffy (candy)">Taffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marzipan" title="Marzipan">Marzipan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drag%C3%A9e" title="Dragée">Dragée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praline_(nut_confection)" title="Praline (nut confection)">Praline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshmallows" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshmallows">Marshmallows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nougat" title="Nougat">Nougat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mint_(candy)" title="Mint (candy)">Mints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licorice" class="mw-redirect" title="Licorice">Licorice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jelly_bean" title="Jelly bean">Jelly bean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medicinal candy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cough_sweets" class="mw-redirect" title="Cough sweets">Cough sweets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotine_gum" title="Nicotine gum">Nicotine gum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horehound_drops" class="mw-redirect" title="Horehound drops">Horehound drops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lollipop" title="Lollipop">Lollipops</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sweets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cakes" title="List of cakes">Cakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cookies" title="List of cookies">Cookies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_desserts" title="List of desserts">Desserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_doughnut_varieties" title="List of doughnut varieties">Doughnuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pastries" title="List of pastries">Pastries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pies,_tarts_and_flans" title="List of pies, tarts and flans">Pies, tarts and flans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Candy" title="Category:Candy">Category: Candy</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" 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this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Candy"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85019581">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bonbons"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12288918x">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bonbons"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12288918x">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="cukrovinky"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph114267&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007283365205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group 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