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title="Patent opposition proceedings">Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patent_valuation" title="Patent valuation">Valuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/License#Intellectual_property" title="License">Licensing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patent_infringement" title="Patent infringement">Infringement</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Patentability requirements and related concepts</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patentable_subject_matter" title="Patentable subject matter">Patentable subject matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inventor_(patent)" title="Inventor (patent)">Inventorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novelty_(patent)" title="Novelty (patent)">Novelty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inventive_step_and_non-obviousness" title="Inventive step and non-obviousness">Inventive step and non-obviousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_applicability" title="Industrial applicability">Industrial applicability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utility_(patentability_requirement)" title="Utility (patentability requirement)">Utility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Person_having_ordinary_skill_in_the_art" title="Person having ordinary skill in the art">Person skilled in the art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prior_art" title="Prior art">Prior art</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Other legal requirements</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sufficiency_of_disclosure" title="Sufficiency of disclosure">Sufficiency of disclosure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_of_invention" title="Unity of invention">Unity of invention</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> By region / country</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patent_Cooperation_Treaty" title="Patent Cooperation Treaty">Patent Cooperation Treaty</a> (PCT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_patent_law" title="Australian patent law">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_patent_law" title="Canadian patent law">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patent_law_of_China" title="Patent law of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_patent_law" title="European patent law">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_patent_law" title="German patent law">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_patent_law" title="Japanese patent law">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patent_law_in_the_Netherlands" title="Patent law in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_patent_law" title="United States patent law">United States</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> By specific subject matter</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biological_patent" title="Biological patent">Biological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_method_patent" title="Business method patent">Business method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_patent" title="Chemical patent">Chemical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_patent" title="Insurance patent">Insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_patent" title="Software patent">Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_patent" title="Tax patent">Tax</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> See also</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patent_analysis" title="Patent analysis">Patent analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Party" title="Pirate Party">Pirate Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Patent_law" title="Category:Patent law">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_patent_law_terms" title="Glossary of patent law terms">Glossary</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Patent_law" title="Template:Patent law"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Patent_law" title="Template talk:Patent law"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Patent_law" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Patent law"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126511745">.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-content li{text-align:left}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle">Technical drawings</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AcotacionTecnico.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="AcotacionTecnico"><img alt="AcotacionTecnico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/AcotacionTecnico.svg/127px-AcotacionTecnico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="127" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/AcotacionTecnico.svg/191px-AcotacionTecnico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/AcotacionTecnico.svg/254px-AcotacionTecnico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="546" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">By field</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_drawing" title="Architectural drawing">Architectural drawing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Floor_plan" title="Floor plan">Floor plan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_drawing" title="Electrical drawing">Electrical drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_drawing" title="Engineering drawing">Engineering drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumbing_drawing" title="Plumbing drawing">Plumbing drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_drawing" title="Structural drawing">Structural drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_illustration" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific illustration">Scientific illustration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_systems_drawing" title="Mechanical systems drawing">Mechanical systems drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_drawing" class="mw-redirect" title="Working drawing">Working drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_illustration" title="Archaeological illustration">Archaeological illustration</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Types</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sketch_(drawing)" title="Sketch (drawing)">Sketches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueprint" title="Blueprint">Blueprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_drawing" title="Technical drawing">Technical drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_drawing" class="mw-redirect" title="Assembly drawing">Assembly drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_section_(geometry)" title="Cross section (geometry)">Cross section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutaway_diagram" class="mw-redirect" title="Cutaway diagram">Cutaway diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_art" title="Line art">Line drawings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patent_drawings" class="mw-redirect" title="Patent drawings">Patent drawings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_illustration" title="Technical illustration">Technical illustration</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/CAD" class="mw-redirect" title="CAD">CAD</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Product_and_manufacturing_information" title="Product and manufacturing information">Product and manufacturing information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploded_view" class="mw-redirect" title="Exploded view">Exploded view</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Standards</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b>INT</b>: <a href="/wiki/ISO_128" title="ISO 128">ISO 128</a></li> <li><b>US</b>: <a href="/wiki/ANSI/ASME_Y14.1" title="ANSI/ASME Y14.1">ANSI/ASME Y14.1</a></li> <li><b>RU</b>: <a href="/wiki/Unified_System_for_Design_Documentation_(Russia)" title="Unified System for Design Documentation (Russia)">ESKD</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_drawing_and_drawings" title="Outline of drawing and drawings">Outline of drawing and drawings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3D_projection" title="3D projection">3D projection</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Technical_drawings" title="Template:Technical drawings"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Technical_drawings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Technical drawings (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Technical_drawings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Technical drawings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Patent_application" title="Patent application">patent application</a> or <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patent</a> may contain <a href="/wiki/Technical_drawing" title="Technical drawing">drawings</a>, also called <b>patent drawings</b>, illustrating the invention, some of its <a href="/wiki/Claim_(patent)#Basic_types_and_categories" class="mw-redirect" title="Claim (patent)">embodiments</a> (which are particular implementations or methods of carrying out the invention), or the <a href="/wiki/Prior_art" title="Prior art">prior art</a>. The drawings may be required by the law to be in a particular form, and the requirements may vary depending on the jurisdiction. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jurisdictions">Jurisdictions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patent_drawing&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Jurisdictions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patent_drawing&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the <a href="/wiki/European_Patent_Convention" title="European Patent Convention">European Patent Convention</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://new.epo.org/en/legal/epc/2020/a78.html">Article 78(1)</a> <a href="/wiki/European_Patent_Convention" title="European Patent Convention">EPC</a> provides that a European patent application shall contain any drawings referred to in the description or the claims.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Drawings are therefore optional. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://new.epo.org/en/legal/epc/2020/r46.html">Rule 46</a> <a href="/wiki/European_Patent_Convention" title="European Patent Convention">EPC</a> specifies the form in which the drawings must be executed.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Grant_procedure_before_the_European_Patent_Office#Search" title="Grant procedure before the European Patent Office">European search report</a> is drawn up in respect of a European patent application on the basis of the <a href="/wiki/Claims_under_the_European_Patent_Convention" title="Claims under the European Patent Convention">claims</a>, with due regard to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Description_under_the_European_Patent_Convention&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Description under the European Patent Convention (page does not exist)">description</a> and any drawings.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the extent of the protection conferred by a European patent or a European patent application is determined by the claims, with the description and drawings being used to interpret the claims.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Patent_Cooperation_Treaty">Patent Cooperation Treaty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patent_drawing&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Patent Cooperation Treaty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Patent_Cooperation_Treaty" title="Patent Cooperation Treaty">Patent Cooperation Treaty</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wipo.int/pct/en/texts/articles/a7.html">Article 7</a> <a href="/wiki/Patent_Cooperation_Treaty" title="Patent Cooperation Treaty">PCT</a> notably provides that the drawings are required when they are necessary for the understanding of the invention.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wipo.int/pct/en/texts/rules/r11.html">Rule 11.13</a> <a href="/wiki/Patent_Cooperation_Treaty" title="Patent Cooperation Treaty">PCT</a> specifies special physical requirements for drawings in an international application.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patent_drawing&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drawing_for_a_Typewriter_-_NARA_-_595503_(page_1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Drawing_for_a_Typewriter_-_NARA_-_595503_%28page_1%29.jpg/240px-Drawing_for_a_Typewriter_-_NARA_-_595503_%28page_1%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Drawing_for_a_Typewriter_-_NARA_-_595503_%28page_1%29.jpg/360px-Drawing_for_a_Typewriter_-_NARA_-_595503_%28page_1%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Drawing_for_a_Typewriter_-_NARA_-_595503_%28page_1%29.jpg/480px-Drawing_for_a_Typewriter_-_NARA_-_595503_%28page_1%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="842" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>1868 patent drawing for the Sholes, Glidden, and Soule <a href="/wiki/Typewriter" title="Typewriter">typewriter</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the applicant for a patent is required by law to furnish a drawing of the invention whenever the nature of the case requires a drawing to understand the invention. This drawing must be filed with the application. This includes practically all inventions except compositions of matter or processes, but a drawing may also be useful in the case of many processes.<sup id="cite_ref-US_PTO05_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_PTO05-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The drawing must show every feature of the invention specified in the <a href="/wiki/Claim_(patent)" class="mw-redirect" title="Claim (patent)">claims</a>, and is required by the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Patent_office" title="Patent office">patent office</a> rules to be in a particular form. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Patent_and_Trademark_Office" title="United States Patent and Trademark Office">United States Patent and Trademark Office</a> (USPTO) specifies the size of the sheet on which the drawing is made, the type of paper, the margins, and other details relating to the making of the drawing. The reason for specifying the standards in detail is that the drawings are printed and published in a uniform style when the patent issues, and the drawings must also be such that they can be readily understood by persons using the patent descriptions.<sup id="cite_ref-US_PTO05_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_PTO05-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>No names or other identification are permitted within the "sight" of the drawing, and applicants are expected to use the space above and between the hole locations to identify each sheet of drawings. This identification may consist of the attorney's name and docket number or the inventor's name and application number and may include the sheet number and the total number of sheets filed (for example, "sheet 2 of 4"). The following rule, reproduced from <a href="/wiki/Title_37_of_the_Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Title 37 of the Code of Federal Regulations">title 37 of the Code of Federal Regulations</a>, relates to the standards for drawings:<sup id="cite_ref-US_PTO05_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_PTO05-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (February 2009)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="History">History</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patent_drawing&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Patent_model_for_loom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Patent_model_for_loom.jpg/220px-Patent_model_for_loom.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Patent_model_for_loom.jpg/330px-Patent_model_for_loom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Patent_model_for_loom.jpg/440px-Patent_model_for_loom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="477" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Patent_model" title="Patent model">Patent model</a> for <a href="/wiki/Loom" title="Loom">loom</a></figcaption></figure> <p>From 1790 to 1880 in the US, <a href="/wiki/Patent_model" title="Patent model">patent models</a> were required. A patent model was a scratch-built <a href="/wiki/Scale_model" title="Scale model">miniature model</a> no larger than 12" by 12" by 12", approximately 30 cm by 30 cm by 30 cm, that showed how an invention works. Some inventors still willingly submitted models at the turn of the twentieth century. In some cases, an inventor may still want to present a "working model" as an evidence to prove <a href="/wiki/Reduction_to_practice" title="Reduction to practice">actual reduction to practice</a> in an <a href="/wiki/Interference_proceeding" title="Interference proceeding">interference proceeding</a>. In some jurisdictions patent models stayed an aid to demonstrate the operation of the invention. In applications involving <a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">genetics</a>, samples of genetic material or DNA sequences may be required. </p><p>The United States patent law was revised in 1793. It stated that the Commissioner of the USPTO could ask for additional information, drawings, or diagrams if the description is not clear. By then, the rate of patent grants had grown to about 20 per year and the time burden on the Secretary of State was considered to be too burdensome. Patent applications were no longer examined. Patents were granted simply by submitting a written description of an invention, a model of the invention, if appropriate, and paying a fee of $30 then, and now $1000 in 2006 US dollars. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Drawings_and_photographs">Drawings and photographs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patent_drawing&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Drawings and photographs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Photographs_in_lieu_of_patent_drawings.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Examples of subject matter that should be filed as photographs"><img alt="Examples of subject matter that should be filed as photographs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Photographs_in_lieu_of_patent_drawings.jpg/220px-Photographs_in_lieu_of_patent_drawings.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Photographs_in_lieu_of_patent_drawings.jpg/330px-Photographs_in_lieu_of_patent_drawings.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Photographs_in_lieu_of_patent_drawings.jpg/440px-Photographs_in_lieu_of_patent_drawings.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5100" data-file-height="6600" /></a><figcaption>Examples of subject matter that should be filed as photographs</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ascadex_patent_drawings_beverage_container_invention.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="black and white patent drawing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Ascadex_patent_drawings_beverage_container_invention.jpg/220px-Ascadex_patent_drawings_beverage_container_invention.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Ascadex_patent_drawings_beverage_container_invention.jpg/330px-Ascadex_patent_drawings_beverage_container_invention.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Ascadex_patent_drawings_beverage_container_invention.jpg/440px-Ascadex_patent_drawings_beverage_container_invention.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10200" data-file-height="13200" /></a><figcaption>Black and white patent drawing with computer aided design CAD software</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/United_States_patent_law" title="United States patent law">utility</a> and <a href="/wiki/Design_patent" title="Design patent">design patent</a> applications, drawings can be in <a href="/wiki/Ink" title="Ink">black ink</a> or color. Black and white drawings are normally required. On rare occasions, color drawings may be necessary as the only practical medium by which to disclose the subject matter sought to be patented in a utility or design patent application or the subject matter of a statutory invention registration.<sup id="cite_ref-US_PTO05_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_PTO05-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Black and white <a href="/wiki/Photograph" title="Photograph">photographs</a> are not ordinarily permitted in utility and design patent applications, unless this is the only practicable medium for illustrating the claimed invention. For example, photographs of electrophoresis gels, blots, autoradiographs, cell cultures, histological tissue cross sections, animals, plants, in vivo imaging, etc. Color photographs can be accepted in utility and design patent applications if the conditions for accepting color drawings and black and white photographs have been satisfied.<sup id="cite_ref-US_PTO05_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_PTO05-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike utility patents, applications for design patents rely fully on the drawings. According to USPTO guidelines, "the drawing disclosure is the most important element of the application," and the drawings in design patent applications "constitute the entire visual disclosure of the claim." In well-executed drawings "nothing regarding the design sought to be patented is left to conjecture."<sup id="cite_ref-US_PTO05_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_PTO05-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Features">Features</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patent_drawing&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gillette_razor_patent.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Gillette_razor_patent.png/280px-Gillette_razor_patent.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="391" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Gillette_razor_patent.png/420px-Gillette_razor_patent.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Gillette_razor_patent.png/560px-Gillette_razor_patent.png 2x" data-file-width="1607" data-file-height="2245" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/King_Camp_Gillette" class="mw-redirect" title="King Camp Gillette">Gillette</a>'s patent drawing of the Razor, 1904<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Patent drawing features can contain the following features:<sup id="cite_ref-US_PTO05_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_PTO05-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Identification_(information)" title="Identification (information)">Identification</a> of drawings: includes the title of the invention, inventor's name, and application number.. etc.</li> <li>Graphic forms in drawings. Chemical or <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_formulae" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathematical formulae">mathematical formulae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Table_(information)" title="Table (information)">tables</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Waveform" title="Waveform">waveforms</a> may be submitted as drawings and are subject to the same requirements as drawings. Each chemical or mathematical formula must be labeled as a separate figure, using brackets when necessary, to show that information is properly integrated.</li> <li>Type of <a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">paper</a>: generally flexible, strong, white, smooth, matte (non-shiny), and durable.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_size" title="Paper size">Size of paper</a>: Must be the same size. In US, choose one of either: <a href="/wiki/A4_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="A4 paper">DIN size A4</a> or (8<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> by 11 inches).<sup id="cite_ref-US_PTO05_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_PTO05-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Some kind of <a href="/wiki/Margin_(typography)" title="Margin (typography)">Margin</a> standard.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_projection" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphical projection">Views</a>. The drawing must contain as many views as necessary to show the invention. The views may be plan, elevation, section, or perspective views.</li> <li>Arrangement of views: All views on the same sheet in the same direction.</li> <li>Front page view</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scale_(ratio)" title="Scale (ratio)">Scale</a>: large enough to show the mechanism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shading" title="Shading">Shading</a>: aids in understanding the invention used to indicate the surface or shape of spherical, cylindrical, and conical elements of an object.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">Symbols</a>: Graphical drawing symbols may be used for conventional elements when appropriate.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legend" title="Legend">Legends</a>: should contain as few words as possible.</li> <li>Numbers, letters, and reference characters.</li> <li>Lead lines: between the reference characters and the details referred to.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrow" title="Arrow">Arrows</a>: at the ends of lines, provided that their meaning is cleared.</li></ul> <p>Format requirements may differ by country where the patent is being filed. </p><p>The patent drawing can further contain a numbering of sheets of drawings, numbering of views, <a href="/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">copyright</a> notice, security markings, corrections (durable and permanent), no holes, and a type of drawing indication. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Views">Views</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patent_drawing&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The views in the drawing may be plan, elevation, section, or perspective views:<sup id="cite_ref-US_PTO05_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_PTO05-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exploded_view" class="mw-redirect" title="Exploded view">Exploded views</a>: views with the separated parts embraced by a bracket, to show the relationship or order of assembly of various parts are permissible.</li> <li>Partial views: a view of a large machine or device in its entirety may be broken into partial views on a single sheet, or extended over several sheets if there is no loss in facility of understanding the view.</li> <li>Sectional views: The plane upon which a sectional view is taken should be indicated on the view from which the section is cut by a broken line.</li> <li>Alternate position: A moved position may be shown by a broken line superimposed upon a suitable view if this can be done without crowding; otherwise, a separate view must be used for this purpose, and</li> <li>Modified forms. Modified forms of construction must be shown in separate views.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patent_drawing&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_patent_law_terms" title="Glossary of patent law terms">Glossary of patent law terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patent_map" title="Patent map">Patent map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patent_model" title="Patent model">Patent model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patent_visualisation" title="Patent visualisation">Patent visualisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_application" title="Provisional application">Provisional application</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References_and_notes">References and notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patent_drawing&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References and notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://new.epo.org/en/legal/epc/2020/a78.html">Article 78(1)</a> <a href="/wiki/European_Patent_Convention" title="European Patent Convention">EPC</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://new.epo.org/en/legal/epc/2020/r46.html">Rule 46</a> <a href="/wiki/European_Patent_Convention" title="European Patent Convention">EPC</a>. Examples of European patent applications and drawings in chemistry, electricity/physics, and mechanics are provided in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epo.org/applying/european/Guide-for-applicants/html/e/ga_aiii.htm"><i>How to get a European patent, Guide for Applicants, Part 1</i>, Annex III Examples of European patent applications</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110921050700/http://www.epo.org/applying/european/Guide-for-applicants/html/e/ga_aiii.htm">Archived</a> 2011-09-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://new.epo.org/en/legal/epc/2020/a92.html">Article 92</a> <a href="/wiki/European_Patent_Convention" title="European Patent Convention">EPC</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://new.epo.org/en/legal/epc/2020/a69.html">Article 69</a> <a href="/wiki/European_Patent_Convention" title="European Patent Convention">EPC</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wipo.int/pct/en/texts/articles/a7.html">Article 7</a> <a href="/wiki/Patent_Cooperation_Treaty" title="Patent Cooperation Treaty">PCT</a>. See also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wipo.int/pct/en/texts/rules/r7.html">Rule 7</a> <a href="/wiki/Patent_Cooperation_Treaty" title="Patent Cooperation Treaty">PCT</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wipo.int/pct/en/texts/rules/r11.html">Rule 11.13</a> <a href="/wiki/Patent_Cooperation_Treaty" title="Patent Cooperation Treaty">PCT</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation patent" id="CITEREFSholesGliddenSoule1868"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US79265">US 79265</a>, Sholes, C. Latham; Glidden, Carlos & Soule, Samuel W., "Improvement in type-writing machines", published 1868-06-23</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=79265&rft.cc=US&rft.title=Improvement+in+type-writing+machines&rft.inventor=Sholes&rft.pubdate=1868-06-23"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-US_PTO05-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-US_PTO05_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-US_PTO05_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-US_PTO05_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-US_PTO05_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-US_PTO05_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-US_PTO05_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-US_PTO05_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-US_PTO05_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-US_PTO05_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110207075110/http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/doc/general/#drawing">"General Information Concerning Patents § 1.84 Standards for drawings (Revised January 2005)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Patent_and_Trademark_Office" title="United States Patent and Trademark Office">United States Patent and Trademark Office</a>. 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/doc/general/#drawing">the original</a> on February 7, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+Information+Concerning+Patents+%C2%A7+1.84+Standards+for+drawings+%28Revised+January+2005%29&rft.pub=United+States+Patent+and+Trademark+Office&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uspto.gov%2Fweb%2Foffices%2Fpac%2Fdoc%2Fgeneral%2F%23drawing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatent+drawing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation patent" id="CITEREFGillette1904"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US775134">US 775134</a>, Gillette, King C., "Razor", published 1904-11-15,  assigned to Federal Trust Co.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=775134&rft.cc=US&rft.title=Razor&rft.inventor=Gillette&rft.assignee=Federal+Trust+Co.&rft.pubdate=1904-11-15"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patent_drawing&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Norman Clarke (1998), <i>Patent Drawing</i>, Noside, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9531557-3-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-9531557-3-0">0-9531557-3-0</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9xNHXhl3MLMC"><i>Guide for the Preparation of Patent Drawings: Selected Rules of Practice</i></a>. Diane Publishing Company. 1994. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780788108204" title="Special:BookSources/9780788108204"><bdi>9780788108204</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guide+for+the+Preparation+of+Patent+Drawings%3A+Selected+Rules+of+Practice&rft.pub=Diane+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780788108204&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9xNHXhl3MLMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatent+drawing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Jack Lo, David Pressman, Stephanie Harolde, Stephen Elias (1997). <i>The Patent Drawing Book: How to Prepare Formal Drawings Required by the U. S. Patent and Trademark Office</i>.</li> <li>Jack Lo, David Pressman (2007). <i>How to Make Patent Drawings: A Patent It Yourself Companion</i>.</li> <li>Harry Radzinsky (1945). <i>Making Patent Drawings</i>.</li> <li>Kendall J. Dood (1986). <i>Patent drawings</i>. United States National Archives and Records Administration.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2010/02/article_0008.html">"Better Drawings Make a Better Patent"</a>. Wipo Magazine. 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Better+Drawings+Make+a+Better+Patent&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wipo.int%2Fwipo_magazine%2Fen%2F2010%2F02%2Farticle_0008.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatent+drawing" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patent_drawing&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Crime_mapping" title="Crime mapping">Crime mapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_visualization" class="mw-redirect" title="Data visualization">Data visualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visualization_(graphics)" title="Visualization (graphics)">Educational visualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flow_visualization" title="Flow visualization">Flow visualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geovisualization" title="Geovisualization">Geovisualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_visualization" class="mw-redirect" title="Information visualization">Information visualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_diagram" title="Mathematical diagram">Mathematical visualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_imaging" title="Medical imaging">Medical imaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_graphics" title="Molecular graphics">Molecular graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visualization_(graphics)" title="Visualization (graphics)">Product visualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_visualization" title="Scientific visualization">Scientific visualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_visualization" title="Social visualization">Social visualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_visualization" title="Software visualization">Software visualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_drawing" title="Technical drawing">Technical drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_interface_design" title="User interface design">User interface design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_culture" title="Visual culture">Visual culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volume_rendering" title="Volume rendering">Volume visualization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Image <br />types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chart" title="Chart">Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diagram" title="Diagram">Diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_drawing" title="Engineering drawing">Engineering drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graph_of_a_function" title="Graph of a function">Graph of a function</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideogram" title="Ideogram">Ideogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Map" title="Map">Map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photograph" title="Photograph">Photograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictogram" title="Pictogram">Pictogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plot_(graphics)" title="Plot (graphics)">Plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankey_diagram" title="Sankey diagram">Sankey diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schematic" title="Schematic">Schematic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeletal_formula" title="Skeletal formula">Skeletal formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_graphics" title="Statistical graphics">Statistical graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_(information)" title="Table (information)">Table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_drawing" title="Technical drawing">Technical drawings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_illustration" title="Technical illustration">Technical illustration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_Halley" title="Edmond Halley">Edmond Halley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Ren%C3%A9_de_Fourcroy" title="Charles-René de Fourcroy">Charles-René de Fourcroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Priestley" title="Joseph Priestley">Joseph Priestley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspard_Monge" title="Gaspard Monge">Gaspard Monge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dupin" title="Charles Dupin">Charles Dupin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Quetelet" title="Adolphe Quetelet">Adolphe Quetelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Michel_Guerry" title="André-Michel Guerry">André-Michel Guerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Playfair" title="William Playfair">William Playfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Kekul%C3%A9" title="August Kekulé">August Kekulé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Joseph_Minard" title="Charles Joseph Minard">Charles Joseph Minard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luigi_Perozzo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luigi Perozzo (page does not exist)">Luigi Perozzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Amasa_Walker" title="Francis Amasa Walker">Francis Amasa Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Venn" title="John Venn">John Venn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Byrne_(mathematician)" title="Oliver Byrne (mathematician)">Oliver Byrne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Henry_Phineas_Riall_Sankey" title="Matthew Henry Phineas Riall Sankey">Matthew Sankey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Booth_(social_reformer)" title="Charles Booth (social reformer)">Charles Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_von_Mayr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg von Mayr (page does not exist)">Georg von Mayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Snow" title="John Snow">John Snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Nightingale" title="Florence Nightingale">Florence Nightingale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Wilhelm_Pohlke" title="Karl Wilhelm Pohlke">Karl Wilhelm Pohlke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toussaint_Loua" title="Toussaint Loua">Toussaint Loua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Galton" title="Francis Galton">Francis Galton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early 20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Walter_Maunder" title="Edward Walter Maunder">Edward Walter Maunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Neurath" title="Otto Neurath">Otto Neurath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">W. E. B. Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Gantt" title="Henry Gantt">Henry Gantt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Lyon_Bowley" title="Arthur Lyon Bowley">Arthur Lyon Bowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_G._Funkhouser" title="Howard G. Funkhouser">Howard G. Funkhouser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Peddle" title="John B. Peddle">John B. Peddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ejnar_Hertzsprung" title="Ejnar Hertzsprung">Ejnar Hertzsprung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Norris_Russell" title="Henry Norris Russell">Henry Norris Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_O._Lorenz" title="Max O. Lorenz">Max O. Lorenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Kahn" title="Fritz Kahn">Fritz Kahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Beck" title="Harry Beck">Harry Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Raisz" title="Erwin Raisz">Erwin Raisz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mid 20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Bertin" title="Jacques Bertin">Jacques Bertin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Modley" title="Rudolf Modley">Rudolf Modley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_H._Robinson" title="Arthur H. Robinson">Arthur H. Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tukey" title="John Tukey">John Tukey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Eleanor_Spear" title="Mary Eleanor Spear">Mary Eleanor Spear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Anderson" title="Edgar Anderson">Edgar Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_T._Fisher" title="Howard T. Fisher">Howard T. Fisher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late 20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borden_Dent" title="Borden Dent">Borden Dent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Holmes" title="Nigel Holmes">Nigel Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Cleveland" title="William S. Cleveland">William S. Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_G._Robertson" title="George G. Robertson">George G. Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_H._McCormick" title="Bruce H. McCormick">Bruce H. McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Plaisant" title="Catherine Plaisant">Catherine Plaisant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Card" title="Stuart Card">Stuart Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Hanrahan" title="Pat Hanrahan">Pat Hanrahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Tufte" title="Edward Tufte">Edward Tufte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Shneiderman" title="Ben Shneiderman">Ben Shneiderman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Friendly" title="Michael Friendly">Michael Friendly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Wainer" title="Howard Wainer">Howard Wainer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifford_A._Pickover" title="Clifford A. Pickover">Clifford A. Pickover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_J._Rosenblum" title="Lawrence J. Rosenblum">Lawrence J. Rosenblum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._DeFanti" title="Thomas A. DeFanti">Thomas A. DeFanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Furnas" title="George Furnas">George Furnas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheelagh_Carpendale" title="Sheelagh Carpendale">Sheelagh Carpendale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Brewer" title="Cynthia Brewer">Cynthia Brewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jock_D._Mackinlay" title="Jock D. Mackinlay">Jock D. Mackinlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_MacEachren" title="Alan MacEachren">Alan MacEachren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Goodsell" title="David Goodsell">David Goodsell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwan-Liu_Ma" title="Kwan-Liu Ma">Kwan-Liu Ma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Maltz" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Maltz">Michael Maltz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leland_Wilkinson" title="Leland Wilkinson">Leland Wilkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Inselberg" title="Alfred Inselberg">Alfred Inselberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early 21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polo_Chau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polo Chau (page does not exist)">Polo Chau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Fry" title="Ben Fry">Ben Fry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Heer" title="Jeffrey Heer">Jeffrey Heer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Hullman" title="Jessica Hullman">Jessica Hullman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Kindlmann" title="Gordon Kindlmann">Gordon Kindlmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Koblin" title="Aaron Koblin">Aaron Koblin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Krzywinski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Krzywinski (page does not exist)">Martin Krzywinski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_R._Johnson" title="Christopher R. Johnson">Christopher R. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Lima" title="Manuel Lima">Manuel Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_McCandless" title="David McCandless">David McCandless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauro_Martino" title="Mauro Martino">Mauro Martino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maeda" title="John Maeda">John Maeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriah_Meyer" title="Miriah Meyer">Miriah Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamara_Munzner" title="Tamara Munzner">Tamara Munzner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ade_Olufeko" class="mw-redirect" title="Ade Olufeko">Ade Olufeko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanspeter_Pfister" title="Hanspeter Pfister">Hanspeter Pfister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Rosling" title="Hans Rosling">Hans Rosling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Silva_(computer_scientist)" title="Claudio Silva (computer scientist)">Claudio Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moritz_Stefaner" title="Moritz Stefaner">Moritz Stefaner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernanda_Vi%C3%A9gas" title="Fernanda Viégas">Fernanda Viégas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_M._Wattenberg" title="Martin M. Wattenberg">Martin Wattenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bang_Wong" title="Bang Wong">Bang Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadley_Wickham" title="Hadley Wickham">Hadley Wickham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related <br />topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cartography" title="Cartography">Cartography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartjunk" title="Chartjunk">Chartjunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_coding_in_data_visualization" class="mw-redirect" title="Color coding in data visualization">Color coding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_graphics" title="Computer graphics">Computer graphics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer_graphics_(computer_science)" title="Computer graphics (computer science)">in computer science</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CPK_coloring" title="CPK coloring">CPK coloring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graph_drawing" title="Graph drawing">Graph drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphic_design" title="Graphic design">Graphic design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphic_organizer" title="Graphic organizer">Graphic organizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imaging_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Imaging science">Imaging science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infographic" title="Infographic">Information graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_science" title="Information science">Information science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misleading_graph" title="Misleading graph">Misleading graph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroimaging" title="Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Patent drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_modelling" title="Scientific modelling">Scientific modelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatial_analysis" title="Spatial analysis">Spatial analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_analytics" title="Visual analytics">Visual analytics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_perception" title="Visual perception">Visual perception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volume_cartography" title="Volume cartography">Volume cartography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volume_rendering" title="Volume rendering">Volume rendering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_art" title="Information art">Information art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12065394#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10659845">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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