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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Common properties of alkalis and bases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Common_properties_of_alkalis_and_bases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Difference_between_alkali_and_base" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Difference_between_alkali_and_base"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Difference between alkali and base</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Difference_between_alkali_and_base-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alkali_salts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alkali_salts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Alkali salts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alkali_salts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alkaline_soil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alkaline_soil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Alkaline soil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alkaline_soil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alkali_lakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alkali_lakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Alkali lakes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alkali_lakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alkali</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 78 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-78" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">78 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali" title="Alkali – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Alkali" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_(%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="क्षार (रसायन विज्ञान) – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="क्षार (रसायन विज्ञान)" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A" title="قلوي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قلوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C9%99l%C9%99vi" title="Qələvi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qələvi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali" title="Alkali – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Alkali" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Һелтеләр – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һелтеләр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%8B" title="Шчолачы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шчолачы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B3_(%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Луг (хімія) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Луг (хімія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Алкали – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алкали" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali" title="Alkali – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Alkali" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80lcali" title="Àlcali – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Àlcali" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%95" title="Сĕлтĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сĕлтĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcali" title="Alcali – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Alcali" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali" title="Alkali – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Alkali" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalien" title="Alkalien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alkalien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leelis" title="Leelis – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Leelis" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%82" title="Ямодт – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Ямодт" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lcali" title="Álcali – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Álcali" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalo" title="Alkalo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alkalo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali" title="Alkali – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alkali" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="قلیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قلیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcali" title="Alcali – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alcali" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcaile" title="Alcaile – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Alcaile" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lcali" title="Álcali – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Álcali" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EC%B9%BC%EB%A6%AC" title="알칼리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알칼리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ալկալիներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալկալիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_(%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="क्षार (रसायन विज्ञान) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="क्षार (रसायन विज्ञान)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalije" title="Alkalije – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Alkalije" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalio" title="Alkalio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Alkalio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali" title="Alkali – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alkali" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcali" title="Alcali – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Alcali" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingqubathi" title="Ingqubathi – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ingqubathi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99" title="אלקלי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלקלי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0" title="ಕ್ಷಾರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕ್ಷಾರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94" title="ტუტე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტუტე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Сілтілер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сілтілер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A9%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Щёлочтор – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Щёлочтор" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali" title="Alkali – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alkali" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%81rmi" title="Sārmi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sārmi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0armas" title="Šarmas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šarmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BAg" title="Lúg – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lúg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali" title="Alkali – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Alkali" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%C4%95ng_(hu%C3%A1-h%C5%8Fk)" title="Giĕng (huá-hŏk) – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Giĕng (huá-hŏk)" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali" title="Alkali – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alkali" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="क्षार – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="क्षार" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AA" title="アルカリ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルカリ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali" title="Alkali – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alkali" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali" title="Alkali – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Alkali" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcal%C3%AD" title="Alcalí – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alcalí" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishqorlar" title="Ishqorlar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ishqorlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C" title="الکلی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="الکلی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalai" title="Alkalai – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Alkalai" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalia" title="Alkalia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alkalia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lcali" title="Álcali – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Álcali" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcaliu" title="Alcaliu – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alcaliu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A9%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8" title="Щёлочи – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Щёлочи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%85" title="Солох – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Солох" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali" title="Alkali – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Alkali" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali" title="Alkali – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Alkali" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali" title="Alkali – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Alkali" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalije" title="Alkalije – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Alkalije" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalije" title="Alkalije – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Alkalije" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali" title="Alkali – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Alkali" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali" title="Alkali – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alkali" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali" title="Alkali – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Alkali" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="நீர்க்காரம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நீர்க்காரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="క్షారం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="క్షారం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5" title="อัลคาไล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อัลคาไล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali" title="Alkali – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alkali" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8_(%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Луги (хімія) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Луги (хімія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C" title="الکلی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="الکلی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndaengq" title="Ndaengq – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ndaengq" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%A5t_ki%E1%BB%81m" title="Chất kiềm – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chất kiềm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B9%BC" title="鹼 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鹼" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali" title="Alkali – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Alkali" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%B1" title="碱 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="碱" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkaline&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkaline">Alkaline</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Basic, ionic salt of an alkali metal</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Alkali_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Alkali (disambiguation)">Alkali (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Alkalinity" title="Alkalinity">Alkalinity</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alkali_metal" title="Alkali metal">alkali metal</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Alkaline" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Alkaline_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Alkaline (disambiguation)">Alkaline (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Alkali" title="Special:EditPage/Alkali">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Alkali%22">"Alkali"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Alkali%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Alkali%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Alkali%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Alkali%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Alkali%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2008</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a>, an <b>alkali</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span></span>/</a></span></span>; from the <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> word <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-qāly</i></span>, <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">القلوي</span></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Base_(chemistry)" title="Base (chemistry)">basic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ionic_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Ionic compound">ionic</a> <a href="/wiki/Salt_(chemistry)" title="Salt (chemistry)">salt</a> of an <a href="/wiki/Alkali_metal" title="Alkali metal">alkali metal</a> or an <a href="/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal" title="Alkaline earth metal">alkaline earth metal</a>. An alkali can also be defined as a base that dissolves in <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a>. A solution of a soluble base has a <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> greater than 7.0. The <a href="/wiki/Adjective" title="Adjective">adjective</a> <b>alkaline</b>, and less often, <b>alkalescent</b>, is commonly used in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Synonym" title="Synonym">synonym</a> for basic, especially for bases soluble in water. This broad use of the term is likely to have come about because alkalis were the first bases known to obey the <a href="/wiki/Acid-base_reaction_theories#Arrhenius_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Acid-base reaction theories">Arrhenius</a> definition of a base, and they are still among the most common bases. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <p>The word <i>alkali</i> is derived from Arabic <i>al qalīy</i> (or <i>alkali</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated148_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated148-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meaning <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">the calcined ashes</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> (see <a href="/wiki/Calcination" title="Calcination">calcination</a>), referring to the original source of alkaline substances. A water-extract of burned plant ashes, called <a href="/wiki/Potash" title="Potash">potash</a> and composed mostly of <a href="/wiki/Potassium_carbonate" title="Potassium carbonate">potassium carbonate</a>, was mildly basic. After heating this substance with <a href="/wiki/Calcium_hydroxide" title="Calcium hydroxide">calcium hydroxide</a> (<i>slaked lime</i>), a far more strongly basic substance known as <i>caustic potash</i> (<a href="/wiki/Potassium_hydroxide" title="Potassium hydroxide">potassium hydroxide</a>) was produced. Caustic potash was traditionally used in conjunction with animal fats to produce soft <a href="/wiki/Soap" title="Soap">soaps</a>, one of the caustic processes that rendered soaps from fats in the process of <a href="/wiki/Saponification" title="Saponification">saponification</a>, one known since antiquity. Plant potash lent the name to the element <a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">potassium</a>, which was first derived from caustic potash, and also gave potassium its chemical symbol <b>K</b> (from the German name <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kalium</i></span>), which ultimately derived from al<b>k</b>ali. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Common_properties_of_alkalis_and_bases">Common properties of alkalis and bases</h2></div> <p>Alkalis are all <a href="/wiki/Acid%E2%80%93base_reaction#Arrhenius_definition" title="Acid–base reaction">Arrhenius bases</a>, ones which form <a href="/wiki/Hydroxide" title="Hydroxide">hydroxide</a> ions (OH<sup>−</sup>) when dissolved in water. Common properties of alkaline <a href="/wiki/Aqueous_solution" title="Aqueous solution">aqueous solutions</a> include: </p> <ul><li>Moderately concentrated solutions (over 10<sup>−3</sup> M) have a <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> of 10 or greater. This means that they will turn <a href="/wiki/Phenolphthalein" title="Phenolphthalein">phenolphthalein</a> from colorless to pink.</li> <li>Concentrated solutions are <a href="/wiki/Caustic_(substance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Caustic (substance)">caustic</a> (causing <a href="/wiki/Chemical_burn" title="Chemical burn">chemical burns</a>).</li> <li>Alkaline solutions are slippery or soapy to the touch, due to the <a href="/wiki/Saponification" title="Saponification">saponification</a> of the fatty substances on the surface of the skin.</li> <li>Alkalis are normally <a href="/wiki/Solubility" title="Solubility">water-soluble</a>, although some like <a href="/wiki/Barium_carbonate" title="Barium carbonate">barium carbonate</a> are only soluble when reacting with an acidic aqueous solution.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Difference_between_alkali_and_base">Difference between alkali and base</h2></div> <p>The terms "base" and "alkali" are often used interchangeably, particularly outside the context of <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chemical_engineering" title="Chemical engineering">chemical engineering</a>. </p><p>There are various, more specific definitions for the concept of an alkali. Alkalis are usually defined as a subset of the bases. One of two subsets is commonly chosen. </p> <ul><li>A basic salt of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (this includes Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub> (<a href="/wiki/Magnesium_hydroxide" title="Magnesium hydroxide">magnesium hydroxide</a>) but excludes NH<sub>3</sub> (<a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">ammonia</a>)).</li> <li>Any base that is soluble in water and forms hydroxide ions<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the solution of a base in water.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (This includes both Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub>, which forms <a href="/wiki/Nh4oh" class="mw-redirect" title="Nh4oh">NH<sub>4</sub>OH</a>.)</li></ul> <p>The second subset of bases is also called an "<a href="/wiki/Acid%E2%80%93base_reaction#Arrhenius_theory" title="Acid–base reaction">Arrhenius base</a>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alkali_salts">Alkali salts</h2></div> <p>Alkali salts are soluble hydroxides of <a href="/wiki/Alkali_metals" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkali metals">alkali metals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metals" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkaline earth metals">alkaline earth metals</a>, of which common examples are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_hydroxide" title="Sodium hydroxide">Sodium hydroxide</a> (NaOH) – often called "caustic soda"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_hydroxide" title="Potassium hydroxide">Potassium hydroxide</a> (KOH) – commonly called "caustic potash"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lye" title="Lye">Lye</a> – generic term for either of two previous salts or their mixture</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_hydroxide" title="Calcium hydroxide">Calcium hydroxide</a> (Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>) – saturated solution known as "<a href="/wiki/Limewater" class="mw-redirect" title="Limewater">limewater</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_hydroxide" title="Magnesium hydroxide">Magnesium hydroxide</a> (Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub>) – an atypical alkali since it has low solubility in water (although the dissolved portion is considered a strong base due to complete dissociation of its ions)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alkaline_soil">Alkaline soil</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Alkali_soil" title="Alkali soil">Alkali soil</a></div> <p>Soils with pH values that are higher than 7.3 are usually defined as being alkaline. These soils can occur naturally due to the presence of alkali salts. Although many plants do prefer slightly basic soil (including vegetables like <a href="/wiki/Cabbage" title="Cabbage">cabbage</a> and fodder like <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_grass" title="Buffalo grass">buffalo grass</a>), most plants prefer mildly acidic soil (with pHs between 6.0 and 6.8), and <a href="/wiki/Alkaline_soil" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkaline soil">alkaline soils</a> can cause problems.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated148_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated148-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alkali_lakes">Alkali lakes</h2></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Soda_lake" title="Soda lake">alkali lakes</a> (also called <i>soda lakes</i>), evaporation concentrates the naturally occurring carbonate salts, giving rise to an alkalic and often saline lake. </p><p>Examples of alkali lakes: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alkali_Lake_(Oregon)" title="Alkali Lake (Oregon)">Alkali Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_County,_Oregon" title="Lake County, Oregon">Lake County, Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldwin_Lake_(San_Bernardino_County,_California)" title="Baldwin Lake (San Bernardino County, California)">Baldwin Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_County,_California" title="San Bernardino County, California">San Bernardino County, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_Lake_(Idaho%E2%80%93Utah)" title="Bear Lake (Idaho–Utah)">Bear Lake</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the Utah–Idaho border</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Magadi" title="Lake Magadi">Lake Magadi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Turkana" title="Lake Turkana">Lake Turkana</a> in Kenya</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mono_Lake" title="Mono Lake">Mono Lake</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Owens_Valley" title="Owens Valley">Owens Valley</a> in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redberry_Lake_(Saskatchewan)" title="Redberry Lake (Saskatchewan)">Redberry Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_Lake_(Oregon)" title="Summer Lake (Oregon)">Summer Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_County,_Oregon" title="Lake County, Oregon">Lake County, Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tramping_Lake_(Saskatchewan)" title="Tramping Lake (Saskatchewan)">Tramping Lake</a>, Saskatchewan</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Alkali" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Alkali">Alkali</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alkali_metals" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkali metals">Alkali metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metals" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkaline earth metals">Alkaline earth metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkaline_magma_series" title="Alkaline magma series">Alkaline magma series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Base_(chemistry)" title="Base (chemistry)">Base (chemistry)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated148-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated148_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated148_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i><a href="/wiki/Chambers%27s_encyclopaedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Chambers's encyclopaedia">Chambers's encyclopaedia</a>: a dictionary of universal knowledge, Volume 1</i>. J.B. Lippincott & Co. 1888. p. 148.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chambers%27s+encyclopaedia%3A+a+dictionary+of+universal+knowledge%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=148&rft.pub=J.B.+Lippincott+%26+Co&rft.date=1888&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlkali" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=alkali">Alkali | Define Alkali at Dictionary.com</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dictionary.com" title="Dictionary.com">Dictionary.reference.com</a>. Retrieved on 2012-04-18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefreedictionary.com/alkali">alkali – definition of alkali by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Free_Dictionary" title="The Free Dictionary">Thefreedictionary.com</a>. Retrieved on 2012-04-18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chung, L.H.M. (1997) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061124183909/http://www.wahyan.edu.hk/paulsir/handout/form4/4-05_Characteriscs_of_alkali.pdf">"Characteristics of Alkali"</a>, pp. 363–365 in <i>Integrated Chemistry Today</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789623722520" title="Special:BookSources/9789623722520">9789623722520</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.krysstal.com/acidbase.html">Acids, Bases and Salts</a>. KryssTal. Retrieved on 2012-04-18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davis, Jim and Milligan, Mark (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://files.geology.utah.gov/online/pi/pi-96.pdf">Why is Bear Lake so blue?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150702055953/http://files.geology.utah.gov/online/pi/pi-96.pdf">Archived</a> 2015-07-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Public Information Series 96. <a href="/wiki/Utah_Geological_Survey" title="Utah Geological Survey">Utah Geological Survey</a>, Department of Natural Resources</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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