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entomology</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Forensic entomology"> <meta name="keywords" content="Forensic entomology"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Forensic entomology"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 302</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Forensic entomology</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">302</span> Forensic Entomology in Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meriem%20Taleb">Meriem Taleb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghania%20Tail"> Ghania Tail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20Zohra%20Kara"> Fatma Zohra Kara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brahim%20Djedouani"> Brahim Djedouani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Moussa"> T. Moussa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Forensic entomology is the use of insects and their arthropod relatives as silent witnesses to aid legal investigations by interpreting information concerning a death. The main purpose of forensic entomology is to establish the postmortem interval or PMI Postmortem interval is a matter of crucial importance in the investigations of homicide and other untimely deaths when the body found is after three days. Forensic entomology has grown immensely as a discipline in the past thirty years. In Algeria, forensic entomology was introduced in 2010 by the National Institute for Criminalistics and Criminology of the National Gendarmerie (NICC). However, all the work that has been done so far in this growing field in Algeria has been unknown at both the national and international levels. In this context, the aim of this paper is to describe the state of forensic entomology in Algeria. The Laboratory of Entomology of the NICC is the only one of its kind in Algeria. It started its activities in 2010, consisting of two specialists. The main missions of the laboratory are estimation of the PMI by the analysis of entomological evidence, and determination if the body was moved. Currently, the laboratory is performing different tasks such as the expert work required by investigators to estimate the PMI using the insects. The estimation is performed by the accumulated degree days method (ADD) in most of the cases except for those where the cadaver is in dry decay. To assure the quality of the entomological evidence, crime scene personnel are trained by the laboratory of Entomology of the NICC. Recently, undergraduate and graduate students have been studying carrion ecology and insect activity in different geographic locations of Algeria using rabbits and wild boar cadavers as animal models. The Laboratory of Entomology of the NICC has also been involved in some of these research projects. Entomotoxicology experiments are also conducted with the collaboration of the Toxicology Department of the NICC. By dint of hard work that has been performed by the Laboratory of Entomology of the NICC, official bodies have been adopting more and more the use of entomological evidence in criminal investigations in Algeria, which is commendable. It is important, therefore, that steps are taken to fill in the gaps in the knowledge necessary for entomological evidence to have a useful future in criminal investigations in Algeria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20entomology" title="forensic entomology">forensic entomology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corpse" title=" corpse"> corpse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insects" title=" insects"> insects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postmortem%20interval" title=" postmortem interval"> postmortem interval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expertise" title=" expertise"> expertise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Algeria" title=" Algeria"> Algeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34230/forensic-entomology-in-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34230.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">301</span> The Application of Insects in Forensic Investigations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shirin%20Jalili">Shirin Jalili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadi%20Shirzad"> Hadi Shirzad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samaneh%20Nabavi"> Samaneh Nabavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somayeh%20Khanjani"> Somayeh Khanjani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Forensic entomology is the science of study and analysis of insects evidences to aid in criminal investigation. Being aware of the distribution, biology, ecology and behavior of insects, which are founded at crime scene can provide information about when, where and how the crime has been committed. It has many application in criminal investigations. Its main use is estimation of the minimum time after death in suspicious death. The close association between insects and corpses and the use of insects in criminal investigations is the subject of forensic entomology. Because insects attack to the decomposing corpse and spawning on it from the initial stages. Forensic scientists can estimate the postmortem index by studying the insects population and the developing larval stages.In addition, toxicological and molecular studies of these insects can reveal the cause of death or even the identity of a victim. It also be used to detect drugs and poisons, and determination of incident location. Gathering robust entomological evidences is made possible for experts by recent Techniques. They can provide vital information about death, corpse movement or burial, submersion interval, time of decapitation, identification of specific sites of trauma, post-mortem artefacts on the body, use of drugs, linking a suspect to the scene of a crime, sexual molestations and the identification of suspects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Forensic%20entomology" title="Forensic entomology">Forensic entomology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post%20mortem%20interval" title=" post mortem interval"> post mortem interval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insects" title=" insects"> insects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=larvae" title=" larvae"> larvae</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28080/the-application-of-insects-in-forensic-investigations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28080.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">503</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">300</span> Application of Forensic Entomology to Estimate the Post Mortem Interval</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meriem%20Taleb">Meriem Taleb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghania%20Tail"> Ghania Tail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20Zohra%20Kara"> Fatma Zohra Kara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brahim%20Djedouani"> Brahim Djedouani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Moussa"> T. Moussa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Forensic entomology has grown immensely as a discipline in the past thirty years. The main purpose of forensic entomology is to establish the post mortem interval or PMI. Three days after the death, insect evidence is often the most accurate and sometimes the only method of determining elapsed time since death. This work presents the estimation of the PMI in an experiment to test the reliability of the accumulated degree days (ADD) method and the application of this method in a real case. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Entomology at the National Institute for Criminalistics and Criminology of the National Gendarmerie, Algeria. The domestic rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus L. was selected as the animal model. On 08th July 2012, the animal was killed. Larvae were collected and raised to adulthood. Estimation of oviposition time was calculated by summing up average daily temperatures minus minimum development temperature (also specific to each species). When the sum is reached, it corresponds to the oviposition day. Weather data were obtained from the nearest meteorological station. After rearing was accomplished, three species emerged: Lucilia sericata, Chrysomya albiceps, and Sarcophaga africa. For Chrysomya albiceps species, a cumulation of 186°C is necessary. The emergence of adults occured on 22nd July 2012. A value of 193.4°C is reached on 9th August 2012. Lucilia sericata species require a cumulation of 207°C. The emergence of adults occurred on 23rd, July 2012. A value of 211.35°C is reached on 9th August 2012. We should also consider that oviposition may occur more than 12 hours after death. Thus, the obtained PMI is in agreement with the actual time of death. We illustrate the use of this method during the investigation of a case of a decaying human body found on 03rd March 2015 in Bechar, South West of Algerian desert. Maggots were collected and sent to the Laboratory of Entomology. Lucilia sericata adults were identified on 24th March 2015 after emergence. A sum of 211.6°C was reached on 1st March 2015 which corresponds to the estimated day of oviposition. Therefore, the estimated date of death is 1st March 2015 ± 24 hours. The estimated PMI by accumulated degree days (ADD) method seems to be very precise. Entomological evidence should always be used in homicide investigations when the time of death cannot be determined by other methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20entomology" title="forensic entomology">forensic entomology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accumulated%20degree%20days" title=" accumulated degree days"> accumulated degree days</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postmortem%20interval" title=" postmortem interval"> postmortem interval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diptera" title=" diptera"> diptera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Algeria" title=" Algeria"> Algeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34231/application-of-forensic-entomology-to-estimate-the-post-mortem-interval" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34231.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">299</span> Attraction and Identification of Early Scavenger Insects on Shaded and Sunny Liver Baits in a Saharian Region of South-Central Algeria </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Taleb">A. M. Taleb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20G.%20Tail"> A. G. Tail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20F.%20Kara"> A. F. Kara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20B.%20Djedouani"> B. B. Djedouani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20T.%20Moussa"> C. T. Moussa </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Forensic entomology is the use of insects to aid legal investigations. The main purpose of forensic entomology is to establish the postmortem interval (PMI). In order to estimate the PMI, a forensic entomologist compares the case data with certain reference information relevant to the particular location and time of year. This reference information, including the local distribution of species, are not available in Algeria. Therefore, experiments need to be conducted to provide references for entomological evidence. The objective of this study was to identify the necrophagous flies species which arrive first to carrion using liver baits in Ghardaia, South Algeria. The study was carried out during the spring season in the palmeral of Beni Isguen, Ghardaia which is well known by its hot arid climate. The experiment site (32°28’0’’ N, 3°42’0’’ E), is situated at an altitude of about 526 metres above mean sea level. On April the 4th, 2014, a number of three replicates of liver baited traps were placed in the shade and other three baits were exposed to the sun. Flying insects and larvae were captured and identified. After few minutes, flies invaded the traps which were exposed to the sun. In contrast, no flies were observed in the other traps. A total number of fourty five (45) adult specimens belonging to three taxa were identified: Calliphora vicina (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Diptera, Calliphoridae) (51.11 %), Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera, Calliphoridae) (33.33 %) and Sarcophaga africa (Wiedemann, 1824) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) (15.55 %). Six hundred and three (603) maggots belonging to two taxa were identified: Calliphora vicina (76.28 %) and Lucilia sericata (23.71 %). The data obtained from this study provides baseline information regarding the carrion fauna of this area. It will also form a basis for similar studies in different geographical and climatological regions of Algeria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20entomology" title="forensic entomology">forensic entomology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liver%20baits" title=" liver baits"> liver baits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=necrophagous%20fly" title=" necrophagous fly"> necrophagous fly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghardaia" title=" Ghardaia"> Ghardaia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20Algeria" title=" South Algeria"> South Algeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34578/attraction-and-identification-of-early-scavenger-insects-on-shaded-and-sunny-liver-baits-in-a-saharian-region-of-south-central-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34578.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">368</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">298</span> Differentiating Third Instar Larvae of Three Species of Flies (Family: Sarcophagidae) of Potential Forensic Importance in Jamaica, Using Morphological Characteristics </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rochelle%20Daley">Rochelle Daley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eric%20Garraway"> Eric Garraway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catherine%20%20Murphy"> Catherine Murphy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Crime is a major problem in Jamaica as well as the high number of unsolved violent crimes. The introduction of forensic entomology in criminal investigations has the potential to decrease the number of unsolved violent crimes through the estimation of PMI (post-mortem interval) or time since death. Though it has great potential, forensic entomology requires data from insects specific to a geographical location to be credibly applied in legal investigations. It is a relatively new area of study in the Caribbean, with multiple pioneer research opportunities. Of critical importance in forensic entomology is the ability to identify the species of interest. Larvae are commonly collected at crime scenes and a means of rapid identification is crucial. Moreover, a low-cost method is critical in countries with limited budget available for crime fighting. Sarcophagids are one of the most important colonisers of a carcass however, they are difficult to distinguish using morphology due to their similarities, however, there is a lack of research on the larvae of this family. This research contributes to that, having identified the larvae of three species from the family Sarcophagidae: Peckia nicasia, Peckia chrysostoma and Blaesoxipha plinthopyga; important agents in flesh decomposition. Adults of Sarcophidae are also difficult to differentiate, often requiring study of the genitalia; the use of larvae in species identification is important in such cases. Adult Sarcophagids were attracted using bottle traps baited with pig liver. These adults larviposited and the larvae were collected and colonises (generation 2 and 3) reared at room temperature for morphological work (n=50). The posterior ends of the larvae from segments 9 or 10 were removed and mounted posterior end upwards to allow study using a light microscope at magnification X200 (posterior cavity and intersegmental spine bands) and X640 (anterior and posterior spiracle). The remaining sections of the larvae were cleared in 10 % KOH and the cephalopharyngeal skeleton dissected out and measured at different points. The cephalopharyngeal skeletons show observable differences in the shapes and sizes of the mouth hooks as well as the length of the ventral cornua. The most notable difference between species is in the general shape of the anal segments and the shape of the posterior spiracles. Intersegmental spine bands of these larvae become less pigmented and visible as the larvae change instars. Spine bands along with anterior spiracle are not recommended as features for species distinction. Larvae can potentially be used to distinguish Sarcophagids to the level of species, with observable differences in the anal segments and the cephalopharyngeal skeletons. However, this method of identification should be tested by comparing these morphological features with other Jamaican Sarcophagids to further support this conclusion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3rd%20instar%20larval%20morphology" title="3rd instar larval morphology">3rd instar larval morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20entomology" title=" forensic entomology"> forensic entomology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamaica" title=" Jamaica"> Jamaica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarcophagidae" title=" Sarcophagidae"> Sarcophagidae</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105065/differentiating-third-instar-larvae-of-three-species-of-flies-family-sarcophagidae-of-potential-forensic-importance-in-jamaica-using-morphological-characteristics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105065.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">297</span> Body Farming in India and Asia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yogesh%20Kumar">Yogesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adarsh%20Kumar"> Adarsh Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A body farm is a research facility where research is done on forensic investigation and medico-legal disciplines like forensic entomology, forensic pathology, forensic anthropology, forensic archaeology, and related areas of forensic veterinary. All the research is done to collect data on the rate of decomposition (animal and human) and forensically important insects to assist in crime detection. The data collected is used by forensic pathologists, forensic experts, and other experts for the investigation of crime cases and further research. The research work includes different conditions of a dead body like fresh, bloating, decay, dry, and skeleton, and data on local insects which depends on the climatic conditions of the local areas of that country. Therefore, it is the need of time to collect appropriate data in managed conditions with a proper set-up in every country. Hence, it is the duty of the scientific community of every country to establish/propose such facilities for justice and social management. The body farms are also used for training of police, military, investigative dogs, and other agencies. At present, only four countries viz. U.S., Australia, Canada, and Netherlands have body farms and related facilities in organised manner. There is no body farm in Asia also. In India, we have been trying to establish a body farm in A&N Islands that is near Singapore, Malaysia, and some other Asian countries. In view of the above, it becomes imperative to discuss the matter with Asian countries to collect the data on decomposition in a proper manner by establishing a body farm. We can also share the data, knowledge, and expertise to collaborate with one another to make such facilities better and have good scientific relations to promote science and explore ways of investigation at the world level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20farm" title="body farm">body farm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rate%20of%20decomposition" title=" rate of decomposition"> rate of decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensically%20important%20flies" title=" forensically important flies"> forensically important flies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20since%20death" title=" time since death"> time since death</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170969/body-farming-in-india-and-asia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170969.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">296</span> Bioaccumulation and Forensic Relevance of Gunshot Residue in Forensically Relevant Blowflies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michaela%20Storen">Michaela Storen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michelle%20Harvey"> Michelle Harvey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xavier%20Conlan"> Xavier Conlan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gun violence internationally is increasing at an unprecedented level, becoming a favoured means for executing violence against another individual. Not only is this putting a strain on forensic scientists who attempt to determine the cause of death in circumstances where firearms have been involved in the death of an individual, but it also highlights the need for an alternative technique of identification of a gunshot wound when other established techniques have been exhausted. A corpse may be colonized by necrophagous insects following death, and this close association between the time of death and insect colonization makes entomological samples valuable evidence when remains become decomposed beyond toxicological utility. Entomotoxicology provides the potential for the identification of toxins in a decomposing corpse, with recent research uncovering the capabilities of entomotoxicology to detect gunshot residue (GSR) in a corpse. However, shortcomings of the limited literature available on this topic have not been addressed, with the bioaccumulation, detection limits, and sensitivity to gunshots not considered thus far, leaving questions as to the applicability of this new technique in the forensic context. Larvae were placed on meat contaminated with GSR at different concentrations and compared to a control meat sample to establish the uptake of GSR by the larvae, with bioaccumulation established by placing the larvae on fresh, uncontaminated meat for a period of time before analysis using ICP-MS. The findings of Pb, Ba, and Sb at each stage of the lifecycle and bioaccumulation in the larvae will be presented. In addition, throughout these previously mentioned experiments, larvae were washed once, twice and three times to evaluate the effectiveness of existing entomological practices in removing external toxins from specimens prior to entomotoxicologyical analysis. Analysis of these larval washes will be presented. By addressing these points, this research extends the utility of entomotoxicology in cause-of-death investigations and provides an additional source of evidence for forensic scientists in the circumstances involving a gunshot wound on a corpse, in addition to advising the effectiveness of current entomology collection protocols. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioaccumulation" title="bioaccumulation">bioaccumulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemistry" title=" chemistry"> chemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entomology" title=" entomology"> entomology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gunshot%20residue" title=" gunshot residue"> gunshot residue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxicology" title=" toxicology"> toxicology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170436/bioaccumulation-and-forensic-relevance-of-gunshot-residue-in-forensically-relevant-blowflies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170436.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">295</span> Forensic Imaging as an Effective Learning Tool for Teaching Forensic Pathology to Undergraduate Medical Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vasudeva%20Murthy%20Challakere%20Ramaswamy">Vasudeva Murthy Challakere Ramaswamy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Conventionally forensic pathology is learnt through autopsy demonstrations which carry various limitations such as unavailability of cases in the mortuary, medico-legal implication and infection. Over the years forensic pathology and science has undergone significant evolution in this digital world. Forensic imaging is a technology which can be effectively utilized for overcoming the current limitations in the undergraduate learning of forensic curriculum. Materials and methods: demonstration of forensic imaging was done using a novel technology of autopsy which has been recently introduced across the globe. Three sessions were conducted in international medical university for a total of 196 medical students. The innovative educational tool was evacuated by using quantitative questionnaire with the scoring scales between 1 to 10. Results: The mean score for acceptance of new tool was 82% and about 74% of the students recommended incorporation of the forensic imaging in the regular curriculum. 82% of students were keen on collaborative research and taking further training courses in forensic imaging. Conclusion: forensic imaging can be an effective tool and also a suitable alternative for teaching undergraduate students. This feedback also supports the fact that students favour the use of contemporary technologies in learning medicine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20imaging" title="forensic imaging">forensic imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20pathology" title=" forensic pathology"> forensic pathology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20students" title=" medical students"> medical students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20tool" title=" learning tool"> learning tool</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11591/forensic-imaging-as-an-effective-learning-tool-for-teaching-forensic-pathology-to-undergraduate-medical-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11591.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">481</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">294</span> An Enhanced Digital Forensic Model for Internet of Things Forensic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tina%20Wu">Tina Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Martin"> Andrew Martin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) brings a new level of threat. Attacks on IoT are already being used by criminals to form botnets, launch Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) and distribute malware. This opens a whole new digital forensic arena to develop forensic methodologies in order to have the capability to investigate IoT related crimes. However, existing proposed IoT forensic models are still premature requiring further improvement and validation, many lack details on the acquisition and analysis phase. This paper proposes an enhanced theoretical IoT digital forensic model focused on identifying and acquiring the main sources of evidence in a methodical way. In addition, this paper presents a theoretical acquisition framework of the different stages required in order to be capable of acquiring evidence from IoT devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acquisition" title="acquisition">acquisition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Internet%20of%20Things" title=" Internet of Things"> Internet of Things</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model" title=" model"> model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zoning" title=" zoning"> zoning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76982/an-enhanced-digital-forensic-model-for-internet-of-things-forensic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76982.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">293</span> Corruption and Economic Performance in Nigeria: The Role of Forensic Accounting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamila%20Garba%20Audu">Jamila Garba Audu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Adamu"> Peter Adamu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates the role of forensic accounting in the fight against corruption in Nigeria for better utilization of public funds and economic growth and development of the Country. We adopted a trend analysis to show the performance of the Nigerian economy as well as the quality of institutions which government economic and political activities in the country. It is an established fact that Nigeria has performed badly since the 1960s to date in terms of institutional quality and economic development despite large amount of money obtained from the export of crude oil. It was revealed also that the fight against corruption has not been very successful in recent times because experts in the field of forensic accounting have not been utilized. With the successes recorded in dealing with fraud and embezzlement using forensic accounting, it has become imperative for the EFCC to use forensic accountants in the fight against corruption in the country. Also, there is the need to introduce very seriously, the teaching of forensic accounting in Nigerian Universities to train experts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corruption" title="corruption">corruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20performance" title=" economic performance"> economic performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20accounting" title=" forensic accounting"> forensic accounting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54077/corruption-and-economic-performance-in-nigeria-the-role-of-forensic-accounting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54077.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">292</span> Importance of New Policies of Process Management for Internet of Things Based on Forensic Investigation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Venkata%20Venugopal%20Rao%20Gudlur">Venkata Venugopal Rao Gudlur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Proposed Policies referred to as “SOP”, on the Internet of Things (IoT) based Forensic Investigation into Process Management is the latest revolution to save time and quick solution for investigators. The forensic investigation process has been developed over many years from time to time it has been given the required information with no policies in investigation processes. This research reveals that the current IoT based forensic investigation into Process Management based is more connected to devices which is the latest revolution and policies. All future development in real-time information on gathering monitoring is evolved with smart sensor-based technologies connected directly to IoT. This paper present conceptual framework on process management. The smart devices are leading the way in terms of automated forensic models and frameworks established by different scholars. These models and frameworks were mostly focused on offering a roadmap for performing forensic operations with no policies in place. These initiatives would bring a tremendous benefit to process management and IoT forensic investigators proposing policies. The forensic investigation process may enhance more security and reduced data losses and vulnerabilities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Internet%20of%20Things" title="Internet of Things">Internet of Things</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Process%20Management" title=" Process Management"> Process Management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Forensic%20Investigation" title=" Forensic Investigation"> Forensic Investigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M2M%20Framework" title=" M2M Framework"> M2M Framework</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154606/importance-of-new-policies-of-process-management-for-internet-of-things-based-on-forensic-investigation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154606.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">291</span> The Conception of Implementation of Vision for European Forensic Science 2020 in Lithuania</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egl%C4%97%20Bilevi%C4%8Di%C5%ABt%C4%97">Eglė Bilevičiūtė</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vidmantas%20Egidijus%20Kurapka"> Vidmantas Egidijus Kurapka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Snieguol%C4%97%20Matulien%C4%97"> Snieguolė Matulienė</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sigut%C4%97%20Stankevi%C4%8Di%C5%ABt%C4%97"> Sigutė Stankevičiūtė</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Council of European Union (EU Council) has stressed on several occasions the need for a concerted, comprehensive and effective solution to delinquency problems in EU communities. In the context of establishing a European Forensic Science Area and the development of forensic science infrastructure in Europe, EU Council believes that forensic science can significantly contribute to the efficiency of law enforcement, crime prevention and combating crimes. Lithuanian scientists have consolidated to implement a project named “Conception of the vision for European Forensic Science 2020 implementation in Lithuania” (the project is funded for the period of 1 March 2014 - 31 December 2016) with the objective to create a conception of implementation of the vision for European Forensic Science 2020 in Lithuania by 1) evaluating the current status of Lithuania’s forensic system and opportunities for its improvement; 2) analysing achievements and knowledge in investigation of crimes listed in conclusions of EU Council on the vision for European Forensic Science 2020 including creation of a European Forensic Science Area and the development of forensic science infrastructure in Europe: trafficking in human beings, organised crime and terrorism; 3) analysing conceptions of criminalistics, which differ in different EU member states due to the variety of forensic schools, and finding means for their harmonization. Apart from the conception of implementation of the vision for European Forensic Science 2020 in Lithuania, the project is expected to suggest provisions that will be relevant to other EU countries as well. Consequently, the presented conception of implementation of vision for European Forensic Science 2020 in Lithuania could initiate a project for a common vision of European Forensic Science and contribute to the development of the EU as an area of freedom, security and justice. The article presents main ideas of the project of the conception of the vision for European Forensic Science 2020 of EU Council and analyses its legal background, as well as prospects of and challenges for its implementation in Lithuania and the EU. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EUROVIFOR" title="EUROVIFOR">EUROVIFOR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standardization" title=" standardization"> standardization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vision%20for%20European%20Forensic%20Science%202020" title=" vision for European Forensic Science 2020"> vision for European Forensic Science 2020</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lithuania" title=" Lithuania"> Lithuania</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7731/the-conception-of-implementation-of-vision-for-european-forensic-science-2020-in-lithuania" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7731.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">290</span> The Lacuna in Understanding of Forensic Science amongst Law Practitioners in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Poulomi%20Bhadra">Poulomi Bhadra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manjushree%20Palit"> Manjushree Palit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjeev%20P.%20Sahni"> Sanjeev P. Sahni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Forensic science uses all branches of science for criminal investigation and trial and has increasingly emerged as an important tool in the administration of justice. However, the growth and development of this field in India has not been as rapid or widespread as compared to the more developed Western countries. For successful administration of justice, it is important that all agencies involved in law enforcement adopt an inter-professional approach towards forensic science, which is presently lacking. In light of the alarmingly high average acquittal rate in India, this study aims to examine the lack of understanding and appreciation of the importance and scope of forensic evidence and expert opinions amongst law professionals such as lawyers and judges. Based on a study of trial court cases from Delhi and surrounding areas, the study underline the areas in forensics where the criminal justice system has noticeably erred. Using this information, the authors examine the extent of forensic understanding amongst legal professionals and attempt to conclusively identify the areas in which they need further appraisal. A cross-sectional study done using a structured questionnaire was conducted amongst law professionals across age, gender, type and years of experience in court, to determine their understanding of DNA, fingerprints and other interdisciplinary scientific materials used as forensic evidence. In our study, we understand the levels of understanding amongst lawyers with regards to DNA and fingerprint evidence, and how it affects trial outcomes. We also aim to understand the factors that prevent credible and advanced awareness amongst legal personnel, amongst others. The survey identified the areas in modern and advanced forensics, such as forensic entomology, anthropology, cybercrime etc., in which Indian legal professionals are yet to attain a functional understanding. It also brings to light, what is commonly termed as the ‘CSI-effect’ in the Western courtrooms, and provides scope to study the existence of this phenomenon and its effects on the Indian courts and their judgements. This study highlighted the prevalence of unchallenged expert testimony presented by the prosecution in criminal trials and impressed upon the judicial system the need for independent analysis and evaluation of the scientist’s data and/or testimony by the defense. Overall, this study aims to define a clearer and rigid understanding of why legal professionals should have basic understanding of the interdisciplinary nature of forensic sciences. Based on the aforementioned findings, the author suggests various measures by which judges and lawyers might obtain an extensive knowledge of the advances and promising potentialities of forensic science. This includes promoting a forensic curriculum in legal studies at Bachelor’s and Master’s level as well as in mid-career professional courses. Formation of forensic-legal consultancies, in consultation with the Department of Justice, will not only assist in training police, military and law personnel but will also encourage legal research in this field. These suggestions also aim to bridge the communication gap that presently exists between law practitioners, forensic scientists and the general community’s awareness of the criminal justice system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20science" title="forensic science">forensic science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indian%20legal%20professionals" title=" Indian legal professionals"> Indian legal professionals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interdisciplinary%20awareness" title=" interdisciplinary awareness"> interdisciplinary awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legal%20education" title=" legal education"> legal education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48024/the-lacuna-in-understanding-of-forensic-science-amongst-law-practitioners-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48024.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">289</span> Financial Statement Fraud: The Need for a Paradigm Shift to Forensic Accounting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ifedapo%20Francis%20Awolowo">Ifedapo Francis Awolowo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The unrelenting series of embarrassing audit failures should stimulate a paradigm shift in accounting. And in this age of information revolution, there is need for a constant improvement on the products or services one offers to the market in order to be relevant. This study explores the perceptions of external auditors, forensic accountants and accounting academics on whether a paradigm shift to forensic accounting can reduce financial statement frauds. Through Neo-empiricism/inductive analytical approach, findings reveal that a paradigm shift to forensic accounting might be the right step in the right direction in order to increase the chances of fraud prevention and detection in the financial statement. This research has implication on accounting education on the need to incorporate forensic accounting into present day accounting curriculum. Accounting professional bodies, accounting standard setters and accounting firms all have roles to play in incorporating forensic accounting education into accounting curriculum. Particularly, there is need to alter the ISA 240 to make the prevention and detection of frauds the responsibilities of bot those charged with the management and governance of companies and statutory auditors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20statement%20fraud" title="financial statement fraud">financial statement fraud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20accounting" title=" forensic accounting"> forensic accounting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fraud%20prevention%20and%20detection" title=" fraud prevention and detection"> fraud prevention and detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auditing" title=" auditing"> auditing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=audit%20expectation%20gap" title=" audit expectation gap"> audit expectation gap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20governance" title=" corporate governance"> corporate governance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42346/financial-statement-fraud-the-need-for-a-paradigm-shift-to-forensic-accounting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42346.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">288</span> Adoption and Diffusion of Valuation Standards in the Forensic Accounting Community and in Courts: Facilitating and Inhibiting Factors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matteo%20Manera">Matteo Manera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariateresa%20Torchia"> Mariateresa Torchia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gregory%20Moscato"> Gregory Moscato</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Forensic accounting is a hot subject of research in accounting. Valuation remains one of the major topics for practitioners. Valuation standards are a powerful instrument that can contribute to a fair process: their use aims at reducing subjectivity and arbitrary decisions in courts. In most jurisdictions, valuation standards are not the law: forensic accountants are not obliged to use valuation standards when they perform valuation works for judges. To date, as far as we know, no literature work has investigated adoption and diffusion of valuation standards in the forensic accounting space. In this paper, we analyze the spread of valuation standards through the lenses of isomorphism and -as corollaries- of Agency Theory and Signaling Theory. Because of lack of research in the particular area of valuation standards adoption, the present work relies on qualitative, exploratory research, based on semi-structured interviews conducted (up to saturation) with expert forensic accountants. Our work digs into motivations behind adoption and diffusion, as well into perceptions of forensic accountants around benefits of valuation standards and into barriers to their diffusion: the result is that, while the vast majority of forensic accountants praise the great work of the standards setters in introducing valuation standards, it might be that less than 50% of forensic accountants actually use valuation standards, in courts. Our preliminary findings, to be supported or refuted by future research, lead us to address a “trilogy” of recommendations to the stakeholders involved in the process of adoption and diffusion of valuation standards in courts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20accounting" title="forensic accounting">forensic accounting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=valuation%20standards" title=" valuation standards"> valuation standards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adoption%20of%20standards" title=" adoption of standards"> adoption of standards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivations" title=" motivations"> motivations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benefits" title=" benefits"> benefits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barriers" title=" barriers"> barriers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isomorphism" title=" Isomorphism"> Isomorphism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139052/adoption-and-diffusion-of-valuation-standards-in-the-forensic-accounting-community-and-in-courts-facilitating-and-inhibiting-factors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139052.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">287</span> Filtering and Reconstruction System for Grey-Level Forensic Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahd%20Aljarf">Ahd Aljarf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20Amin"> Saad Amin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Images are important source of information used as evidence during any investigation process. Their clarity and accuracy is essential and of the utmost importance for any investigation. Images are vulnerable to losing blocks and having noise added to them either after alteration or when the image was taken initially, therefore, having a high performance image processing system and it is implementation is very important in a forensic point of view. This paper focuses on improving the quality of the forensic images. For different reasons packets that store data can be affected, harmed or even lost because of noise. For example, sending the image through a wireless channel can cause loss of bits. These types of errors might give difficulties generally for the visual display quality of the forensic images. Two of the images problems: noise and losing blocks are covered. However, information which gets transmitted through any way of communication may suffer alteration from its original state or even lose important data due to the channel noise. Therefore, a developed system is introduced to improve the quality and clarity of the forensic images. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20filtering" title="image filtering">image filtering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20reconstruction" title=" image reconstruction"> image reconstruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20processing" title=" image processing"> image processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20images" title=" forensic images"> forensic images</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15654/filtering-and-reconstruction-system-for-grey-level-forensic-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15654.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">286</span> Succession and Rural vs. Urban Habitat Differences of Coleoptera Species Attracted to Pig Carrions in Eskişehir Province, Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cansu%20K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7">Cansu Kılıç</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ferhat%20Altunsoy"> Ferhat Altunsoy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a total of 82 species belonging to the families Staphylinidae, Histeridae, Dermestidae, Silphidae and Cleridae within Coleptera were detected which are collected from 24 pig carrion for a duration of one year. While 12 of the carrions have been placed in rural areas, other 12 have been placed in urban areas in Eskişehir province. The distribution of these species according to months and the period that they exist on different stages of decomposition were determined. Furthermore, Coleoptera species attracted to the pig carrions both in rural and urban areas were detected and their similarities and differences were presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20entomology" title="forensic entomology">forensic entomology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Coleoptera" title=" Coleoptera"> Coleoptera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=succession" title=" succession"> succession</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turkey" title=" Turkey"> Turkey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural" title=" rural"> rural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban" title=" urban"> urban</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62193/succession-and-rural-vs-urban-habitat-differences-of-coleoptera-species-attracted-to-pig-carrions-in-eskisehir-province-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62193.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">285</span> Molecular Diversity of Forensically Relevant Insects from the Cadavers of Lahore</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sundus%20Mona">Sundus Mona</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atif%20Adnan"> Atif Adnan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babar%20Ali"> Babar Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fareeha%20Arshad"> Fareeha Arshad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Allah%20Rakha"> Allah Rakha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Molecular diversity is the variation in the abundance of species. Forensic entomology is a neglected field in Pakistan. Insects collected from the crime scene should be handled by forensic entomologists who are currently virtually non-existent in Pakistan. Correct identification of insect specimen along with knowledge of their biodiversity can aid in solving many problems related to complicated forensic cases. Inadequate morphological identification and insufficient thermal biological studies limit the entomological utility in Forensic Medicine. Recently molecular identification of entomological evidence has gained attention globally. DNA barcoding is the latest and established method for species identification. Only proper identification can provide a precise estimation of postmortem intervals. Arthropods are known to be the first tourists scavenging on decomposing dead matter. The objective of the proposed study was to identify species by molecular techniques and analyze their phylogenetic importance with barcoded necrophagous insect species of early succession on human cadavers. Based upon this identification, the study outcomes will be the utilization of established DNA bar codes to identify carrion feeding insect species for concordant estimation of post mortem interval. A molecular identification method involving sequencing of a 658bp ‘barcode’ fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene from collected specimens of unknown dipteral species from cadavers of Lahore was evaluated. Nucleotide sequence divergences were calculated using MEGA 7 and Arlequin, and a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree was generated. Three species were identified, Chrysomya megacephala, Chrysomya saffranea, and Chrysomya rufifacies with low genetic diversity. The fixation index was 0.83992 that suggests a need for further studies to identify and classify forensically relevant insects in Pakistan. There is an exigency demand for further research especially when immature forms of arthropods are recovered from the crime scene. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20diversity" title="molecular diversity">molecular diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA%20barcoding" title=" DNA barcoding"> DNA barcoding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=species%20identification" title=" species identification"> species identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensically%20relevant" title=" forensically relevant"> forensically relevant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114178/molecular-diversity-of-forensically-relevant-insects-from-the-cadavers-of-lahore" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114178.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">284</span> Proposition on Improving Environmental Forensic System in China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huilei%20Wang">Huilei Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuanfeng%20Wang"> Yuanfeng Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the early period of China, economy developed rapidly at the cost of environment. Recently, it is generally recognized that the heavily polluted environment not only puts a brake on economic development but also paces negative impact on people’ health as well as probably next decades of generations. Accordingly, the latest Environmental Protection Law revised in 2014 makes a clear-cut division of environmental responsibility and regulates stricter penalties of breaching law. As the new environmental law is enforced gradually, environmental forensic is increasingly required in the process of ascertaining facts in judicial proceedings of environmental cases. Based on the outcomes of documentary analysis for all environmental cases judged on the basis of new environmental law, it is concluded that there still exists problems in present system of environmental forensic. Thus, this paper is aimed to make proposition on improving Chinese environmental forensic system, which involves: (i) promoting capability of environmental forensic system (EFS) to handle professional questions; (ii) develop price mechanism; (iii) multi-departments cooperate to establish unifying and complete EFS system;(iv) enhance the probative value of results of EFS. Such protocol for amending present regulation on environmental forensic is of significant importance because a quality report of environmental forensic will contributes to providing strong probative evidence of culprits’ activity of releasing contaminant into environment, degree of damages for victims and above all, causality between the behavior of public nuisance and damages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20cases" title=" environmental cases"> environmental cases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20forensic%20system" title=" environmental forensic system"> environmental forensic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proposition" title=" proposition"> proposition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67446/proposition-on-improving-environmental-forensic-system-in-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67446.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">283</span> The Forensic Analysis of Engravers' Handwriting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olivia%20Rybak-Karkosz">Olivia Rybak-Karkosz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this paper is to present the result of scientific research using forensic handwriting analysis. It was conducted to verify the stability and lability of handwriting of engravers and check if gravers transfer their traits from handwriting to plates and other surfaces they rework. This research methodology consisted of completing representative samples of signatures of gravers written on a piece of paper using a ballpen and signatures engraved on other surfaces. The forensic handwriting analysis was conducted using the graphic-comparative method (graphic method), and all traits were analysed. The paper contains a concluding statement of the similarities and differences between the samples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artist%E2%80%99s%20signatures" title="artist’s signatures">artist’s signatures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engraving" title=" engraving"> engraving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20handwriting%20analysis" title=" forensic handwriting analysis"> forensic handwriting analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphic-comparative%20method" title=" graphic-comparative method"> graphic-comparative method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152839/the-forensic-analysis-of-engravers-handwriting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152839.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">282</span> The Forensic Handwriting Analysis of a Painter’s Signature: Claude Monet’s Case</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olivia%20Rybak-Karkosz">Olivia Rybak-Karkosz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper's purpose was to present a case study on a questioned Claude Monet's signature forensic handwriting analysis. It is an example taken from the author’s experience as a court handwriting expert. A comparative study was conducted to determine whether the signature resembles similarities (and if so, to what measure) with the features representing the writing patterns and their natural variability typical for Claude Monet. It was conducted to check whether all writing features are within the writer's normal range of variation. The paper emphasizes the difficulties and challenges encountered by the forensic handwriting expert while analysing the questioned signature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artist%E2%80%99s%20signatures" title="artist’s signatures">artist’s signatures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=authenticity%20of%20an%20artwork" title=" authenticity of an artwork"> authenticity of an artwork</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20handwriting%20analysis" title=" forensic handwriting analysis"> forensic handwriting analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphic-comparative%20method" title=" graphic-comparative method"> graphic-comparative method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152843/the-forensic-handwriting-analysis-of-a-painters-signature-claude-monets-case" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152843.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">281</span> Harnessing Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Advanced Fraud Detection and Prevention</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Avinash%20Malladhi">Avinash Malladhi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Forensic accounting is a specialized field that involves the application of accounting principles, investigative skills, and legal knowledge to detect and prevent fraud. With the rise of big data and technological advancements, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms have emerged as powerful tools for forensic accountants to enhance their fraud detection capabilities. In this paper, we review and analyze various AI/ML algorithms that are commonly used in forensic accounting, including supervised and unsupervised learning, deep learning, natural language processing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), Support Vector Machines (SVMs), Decision Trees, and Random Forests. We discuss their underlying principles, strengths, and limitations and provide empirical evidence from existing research studies demonstrating their effectiveness in detecting financial fraud. We also highlight potential ethical considerations and challenges associated with using AI/ML in forensic accounting. Furthermore, we highlight the benefits of these technologies in improving fraud detection and prevention in forensic accounting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AI" title="AI">AI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20accounting%20%26%20fraud%20detection" title=" forensic accounting & fraud detection"> forensic accounting & fraud detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti%20money%20laundering" title=" anti money laundering"> anti money laundering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benford%27s%20law" title=" Benford's law"> Benford's law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fraud%20triangle%20theory" title=" fraud triangle theory"> fraud triangle theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165809/harnessing-artificial-intelligence-and-machine-learning-for-advanced-fraud-detection-and-prevention" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165809.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">93</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">280</span> Credible Autopsy Report for Investigators and Judiciary</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudhir%20K.%20Gupta">Sudhir K. Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: When a forensic doctor determines that a suspicious death is a suicide, homicide, or accident, the decision virtually becomes incontestable by the investigating police officer, and it becomes an issue whether the medical opinion was created with necessary checks and balances on the other probabilities of the case. It is suggested that the opinion of Forensic Medical experts is conventional, mutable, and shifting from one expert to another. The determination of suicide, accident, or homicide is mandatorily required, which is the Gold Standard for conducting death investigations. Forensic investigations serve many audiences, but the court is by far the most critical. The likely questions on direct and cross-examination determine how forensic doctors gather and handle evidence and what conclusions they reach. Methodology: The author interacted with the investigative authority, and a crime scene visit was also done along with the perusal of the Postmortem report, subsequent opinion, and crime scene photographs and statements of the witness and accused. Further analysis of all relevant scientific documents and opinions of other forensic doctors, forensic scientists, and ballistic experts involved in these cases was done to arrive at an opinion with scientific justification. Findings: The opinions arrived at by the author and how they helped the judiciary in delivering justice in these cases have been discussed in this article. This can help the readers to understand the process involved in formulating a credible forensic medical expert opinion for investigators and the judiciary. Conclusion: A criminal case might be won or lost over doubt cast on the chain of custody. Medically trained forensic doctors, therefore, learn to practice their profession in legally appropriate ways, and opinions must be based on medical justifications with credible references. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20doctor" title="forensic doctor">forensic doctor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professional%20credibility" title=" professional credibility"> professional credibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=investigation" title=" investigation"> investigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expert%20opinion" title=" expert opinion"> expert opinion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156415/credible-autopsy-report-for-investigators-and-judiciary" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156415.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">279</span> DNA as an Instrument in Constructing Narratives and Justice in Criminal Investigations: A Socio-Epistemological Exploration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aadita%20Chaudhury">Aadita Chaudhury</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since at least the early 2000s, DNA profiling has achieved a preeminent status in forensic investigations into criminal acts. While the criminal justice system has a long history of using forensic evidence and testing them through establish technoscientific means, the primacy of DNA in establishing 'truth' or reconstructing a series of events is unparalleled in the history of forensic science. This paper seeks to elucidate the ways in which DNA profiling has become the most authoritative instrument of 'truth' in criminal investigations, and how it is used in the legal process to ascertain culpability, create the notion of infallible evidence, and advance the search for justice. It is argued that DNA profiling has created a paradigm shift in how the legal system and the general public understands crime and culpability, but not without limitations. There are indications that even trace amounts of DNA evidence can point to causal links in a criminal investigation, however, there still remains many rooms to create confusion and doubt from empirical evidence within the narrative of crimes. Many of the shortcomings of DNA-based forensic investigations are explored and evaluated with regards to claims of the authority of biological evidence and implications for the public understanding of the elusive concepts of truth and justice in the present era. Public misinformation about the forensic analysis processes could produce doubt or faith in the judgements rooted in them, depending on other variables presented at the trial. A positivist understanding of forensic science that is shared by the majority of the population does not take into consideration that DNA evidence is far from definitive, and can be used to support any theories of culpability, to create doubt and to deflect blame. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA%20profiling" title="DNA profiling">DNA profiling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epistemology%20of%20forensic%20science" title=" epistemology of forensic science"> epistemology of forensic science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=philosophy%20of%20forensic%20science" title=" philosophy of forensic science"> philosophy of forensic science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sociology%20of%20scientific%20knowledge" title=" sociology of scientific knowledge"> sociology of scientific knowledge</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70471/dna-as-an-instrument-in-constructing-narratives-and-justice-in-criminal-investigations-a-socio-epistemological-exploration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70471.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">278</span> Punishment In Athenian Forensic Oratory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eleni%20Volonaki">Eleni Volonaki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Athenian forensic speeches, the argumentation on punishment of the wrongdoers constitutes a fundamental ideal of exacting justice in court. The present paper explores the variation of approaches to punishment as a means of reformation, revenge, correction, education, example, chance to restoration of justice. As it will be shown, all these approaches reflect the social and political ideology of Athenian justice in the classical period and enhances the role of the courts and the importance of rhetoric in the process of decision-making. Punishment entails a wide range of penalties but also of ideological principles related to the Athenian constitution of democracy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=punishment" title="punishment">punishment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=athenian%20forensic%20speeches" title=" athenian forensic speeches"> athenian forensic speeches</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=justice" title=" justice"> justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=athenian%20democracy" title=" athenian democracy"> athenian democracy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139225/punishment-in-athenian-forensic-oratory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139225.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">277</span> Gender Identification Using Digital Forensics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinod%20C.%20Nayak">Vinod C. Nayak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In day-to-day forensic practice, identification is always a difficult task. Availability of anti-mortem and postmortem records plays a major rule in facilitating this tough task. However, the advent of digital forensic is a boon for forensic experts. This study has made use of digital forensics to establish identity by radiological dimensions of maxillary sinus using workstation software. The findings suggest a significant association between maxillary sinus dimensions and human gender. The author will be discussing the methods and results of the study in this e-poster. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20forensics" title="digital forensics">digital forensics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identification" title=" identification"> identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maxillary%20sinus" title=" maxillary sinus"> maxillary sinus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiology" title=" radiology"> radiology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41653/gender-identification-using-digital-forensics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41653.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">276</span> Investigating Cloud Forensics: Challenges, Tools, and Practical Case Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noha%20Badkook">Noha Badkook</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Alsubaie"> Maryam Alsubaie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samaher%20Dawood"> Samaher Dawood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enas%20Khairullah"> Enas Khairullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cloud computing has introduced transformative benefits in data storage and accessibility while posing unique forensic challenges. This paper explores cloud forensics, focusing on investigating and analyzing evidence from cloud environments to address issues such as unauthorized data access, manipulation, and breaches. The research highlights the practical use of open-source forensic tools like Autopsy and Bulk Extractor in real-world scenarios, including unauthorized data sharing via Google Drive and the misuse of personal cloud storage for sensitive information leaks. This work underscores the growing importance of robust forensic procedures and accessible tools in ensuring data security and accountability in cloud ecosystems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20forensic" title="cloud forensic">cloud forensic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tools" title=" tools"> tools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=challenge" title=" challenge"> challenge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autopsy" title=" autopsy"> autopsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk%20extractor" title=" bulk extractor"> bulk extractor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195467/investigating-cloud-forensics-challenges-tools-and-practical-case-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195467.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">275</span> Forensics Linguistics and Phonetics: The Analysis of Language to Support Investigations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andreas%20Aceranti">Andreas Aceranti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simonetta%20Vernocchi"> Simonetta Vernocchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marco%20Colorato"> Marco Colorato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaoutar%20Filahi"> Kaoutar Filahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was inspired by the necessity of giving forensic linguistics and phonetics more and more importance and the intention to explore those topics in an attempt to understand what the role of these disciplines really is in investigations of any nature. The goal is to analyze what are the achievements that those subjects have been able to reach, and what contribution they gave to the legal world; the analysis and study of those topics are supported by the recounting of real cases that have included forensic and phonetic linguistics. One of the most relevant cases is that of the Unabomber, an investigation that brought to light the importance and highlighted the importance this matter can have in difficult and time-consuming cases such as the one we have here. We also focus on the areas of expertise of those new branches of applied linguistics, focusing on what is the use of this new discipline in Italy and abroad and showing what could be the possible improvements that the Italian state could apply in order to be able to catch up with countries like Great Britain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20linguistic" title="forensic linguistic">forensic linguistic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20phonetics" title=" forensic phonetics"> forensic phonetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=investigation" title=" investigation"> investigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criminalistics" title=" criminalistics"> criminalistics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160312/forensics-linguistics-and-phonetics-the-analysis-of-language-to-support-investigations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160312.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">274</span> Directing the Forensic Investigation of a Catastrophic Structure Collapse: The Jacksonville Parking Garage Collapse</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20C.%20Bracken">William C. Bracken</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses the forensic investigation of a fatality-involved catastrophic structure collapse and the special challenges faced when tasked with directing such an effort. While this paper discusses the investigation’s findings and the outcome of the event; this paper’s primary focus is on the challenges faced directing a forensic investigation that requires coordinating with governmental oversight while also having to accommodate multiple parties’ investigative teams. In particular the challenges discussed within this paper included maintaining on-site safety and operations while accommodating outside investigator’s interests. In addition this paper discusses unique challenges that one may face such as what to do about unethical conduct of interested party’s investigative teams, “off the record” sharing of information, and clandestinely transmitted evidence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catastrophic%20structure%20collapse" title="catastrophic structure collapse">catastrophic structure collapse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collapse%20investigation" title=" collapse investigation"> collapse investigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jacksonville%20parking%20garage%20collapse" title=" Jacksonville parking garage collapse"> Jacksonville parking garage collapse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20investigation" title=" forensic investigation"> forensic investigation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24535/directing-the-forensic-investigation-of-a-catastrophic-structure-collapse-the-jacksonville-parking-garage-collapse" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24535.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">273</span> Applying Massively Parallel Sequencing to Forensic Soil Bacterial Profiling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui%20Li">Hui Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xueying%20Zhao"> Xueying Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ke%20Ma"> Ke Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Cao"> Yu Cao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fan%20Yang"> Fan Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qingwen%20Xu"> Qingwen Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenbin%20Liu"> Wenbin Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil can often link a person or item to a crime scene, which makes it a valuable evidence in forensic casework. Several techniques have been utilized in forensic soil discrimination in previous studies. Because soil contains a vast number of microbiomes, the analyse of soil microbiomes is expected to be a potential way to characterise soil evidence. In this study, we applied massively parallel sequencing (MPS) to soil bacterial profiling on the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM). Soils from different regions were collected repeatedly. V-region 3 and 4 of Bacterial 16S rRNA gene were detected by MPS. Operational taxonomic units (OTU, 97%) were used to analyse soil bacteria. Several bioinformatics methods (PCoA, NMDS, Metastats, LEfse, and Heatmap) were applied in bacterial profiles. Our results demonstrate that MPS can provide a more detailed picture of the soil microbiomes and the composition of soil bacterial components from different region was individualistic. In conclusion, the utility of soil bacterial profiling via MPS of the 16S rRNA gene has potential value in characterising soil evidences and associating them with their place of origin, which can play an important role in forensic science in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacterial%20profiling" title="bacterial profiling">bacterial profiling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic" title=" forensic"> forensic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=massively%20parallel%20sequencing" title=" massively parallel sequencing"> massively parallel sequencing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20evidence" title=" soil evidence"> soil evidence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80561/applying-massively-parallel-sequencing-to-forensic-soil-bacterial-profiling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80561.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">564</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Forensic%20entomology&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Forensic%20entomology&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Forensic%20entomology&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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