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Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="بوابة:الهند – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوابة:الهند" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A%27%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE:%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A4" title="ৱিকিচ'ৰা:ভাৰত – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৱিকিচ'ৰা:ভাৰত" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Hindistan" title="Portal:Hindistan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Portal:Hindistan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0:%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4" title="প্রবেশদ্বার:ভারত – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রবেশদ্বার:ভারত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Indie" title="Portál:Indie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Portál:Indie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Indien" title="Portal:Indien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Portal:Indien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Portal:India" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portalo:Barato" title="Portalo:Barato – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Portalo:Barato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87:%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="درگاه:هند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="درگاه:هند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portail:Inde" title="Portail:Inde – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Portail:Inde" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Portal:India" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0:%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="प्रवेशद्वार:भारत – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रवेशद्वार:भारत" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Portal:India" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portale:India" title="Portale:India – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Portale:India" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Портал:Индија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Портал:Индија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="കവാടം:ഇന്ത്യ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കവാടം:ഇന്ത്യ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Portal:India" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portaal:India" title="Portaal:India – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Portaal:India" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17580674 badge-featuredportal mw-list-item" title="featured portal badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%C3%8Dndia" title="Portal:Índia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Portal:Índia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Портал:Индия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Портал:Индия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D:%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="प्रवेशद्वारम्:भारतम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="प्रवेशद्वारम्:भारतम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="دەروازە:ھیندستان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەروازە:ھیندستان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Indiska_halv%C3%B6n" title="Portal:Indiska halvön – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Portal:Indiska halvön" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D:%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="வலைவாசல்:இந்தியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வலைவாசல்:இந்தியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%82" title="వేదిక:భారతదేశం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వేదిక:భారతదేశం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="สถานีย่อย:ประเทศอินเดีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สถานีย่อย:ประเทศอินเดีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Портал:Індія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Портал:Індія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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Learn how to <a href="/wiki/Template:Portal_maintenance_status#How_to_update_the_maintenance_information_for_a_portal" title="Template:Portal maintenance status">update the maintenance information here</a>.</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r888483065">.mw-parser-output .portal-column-left{float:left;width:50%}.mw-parser-output .portal-column-right{float:right;width:49%}.mw-parser-output .portal-column-left-wide{float:left;width:60%}.mw-parser-output .portal-column-right-narrow{float:right;width:39%}.mw-parser-output .portal-column-left-extra-wide{float:left;width:70%}.mw-parser-output .portal-column-right-extra-narrow{float:right;width:29%}@media only screen and (max-width:800px){.mw-parser-output .portal-column-left,.mw-parser-output .portal-column-right,.mw-parser-output .portal-column-left-wide,.mw-parser-output .portal-column-right-narrow,.mw-parser-output .portal-column-left-extra-wide,.mw-parser-output .portal-column-right-extra-narrow{float:inherit;width:inherit}}</style> <div id="browsebar" style="text-align: center; font-size:90%;"><b>Parent portals : <a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography</a> / <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia</a> / India</b></div> <div style="font-size:85%;"><span class="anchor" id="portals-browsebar"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist noprint" style="text-align: center"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal topics</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Human_activities" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Activities</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Culture_and_the_arts" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Geography_and_places" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Geography</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Health_and_fitness" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Health</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#History_and_events" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">History</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Mathematics_and_logic" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Mathematics</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Natural_and_physical_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Nature</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#People_and_self" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">People</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Philosophy_and_thinking" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Philosophy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Religion_and_belief_systems" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Religion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Society_and_social_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Society</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Technology_and_applied_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Technology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomInCategory/All_portals" title="Special:RandomInCategory/All portals">Random portal</a></dd></dl> </div></div> <div style="width:100%; padding:3px; border:2px solid #FFBF00; vertical-align:top; border-radius:0.5em;"> <div style="padding:3px; border:2px solid orange; vertical-align:top; border-radius:0.5em; background:#ffffff"> <div style="margin-top:2px; margin-bottom:6px; width:100%; font-size:250%; font-family:Linux libertine,Georgia,Times,serif; text-align:center;">Welcome to the </div> <div style="clear:both; width:100%"> <div style="padding:10px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_portal_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/India_portal_logo.svg/675px-India_portal_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="675" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/India_portal_logo.svg/1013px-India_portal_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/India_portal_logo.svg/1350px-India_portal_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1068" data-file-height="100" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>PORTAL</b></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:White;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid transparent;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#008000;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:0px 1px 0;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;padding-bottom:0.1em;moz-border-radius:0.5em 0.5em 0 0;webkit-border-radius:0.5em 0.5em 0 0;border-radius:0.5em 0.5em 0 0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:White;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Introduction" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:White;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:110%;padding-bottom:.1em">Introduction</h2></div><div style="color:#2e2e2e;opacity:1;border:1px solid #FFBF00;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:0px;padding-top:0.1em;border-radius:0 0 0.5em 0.5em"> <figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of India"><img alt="Flag of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/75px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/113px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/150px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Flag of India</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LocationIndia.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Location on the world map"><img alt="Location on the world map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/LocationIndia.PNG/218px-LocationIndia.PNG" decoding="async" width="218" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/LocationIndia.PNG/327px-LocationIndia.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/LocationIndia.PNG/436px-LocationIndia.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption>Location on the world map</figcaption></figure> <p><b><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></b>, officially the <b>Republic of India</b>, is a country in <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>. It is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">seventh-largest country in the world by area</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_(United_Nations)" title="List of countries by population (United Nations)">most populous country</a>. Bounded by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> on the south, the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a> on the southwest, and the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a> on the southeast, it shares land borders with <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> to the west; <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> to the north; and <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a>; its <a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a> share a maritime border with <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, Myanmar, and <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>. 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auto;"><div class="nomobile"></div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-slideshow switcher-container"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 1 Zinta in 2018 Preity G Zinta (pronounced [ˈpriːt̪i ˈzɪɳʈa]; born 31 January 1975) is an Indian actress and entrepreneur primarily known for her work in Hindi films. After graduating with degrees in English honours and criminal psychology, Zinta made her acting debut in Dil Se.. in 1998, followed by a role in Soldier in the same year. These performances earned her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut, and she was later recognised for her role as a teenage single mother in Kya Kehna (2000). She established a career as a leading Hindi film actress of the decade with a variety of character types. Her roles, often deemed culturally defiant, along with her unconventional screen persona won her recognition and several accolades. Following critically appreciated roles in Chori Chori Chupke Chupke (2001), Dil Chahta Hai (2001), Dil Hai Tumhaara (2002), and Armaan (2003), Zinta received the Filmfare Award for Best Actress for her performance in Kal Ho Naa Ho (2003). She starred in two consecutive annual top-grossing films in India, Koi... Mil Gaya (2003) and Veer-Zaara (2004), and was noted for her portrayal of independent, modern Indian women in Salaam Namaste (2005) and Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna (2006), top-grossing productions in domestic and overseas markets. For her first international role in the Canadian drama Heaven on Earth (2008) she was awarded the Silver Hugo Award for Best Actress and nominated for the Genie Award for Best Actress. She followed this with a hiatus from acting work for several years, with intermittent appearances such as in her self-produced comeback film, Ishkq in Paris (2013), which failed to leave a mark. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 1 Zinta in 2018 Preity G Zinta (pronounced [ˈpriːt̪i ˈzɪɳʈa]; born 31 January 1975) is an Indian actress and entrepreneur primarily known for her work in Hindi films. After graduating with degrees in English honours and criminal psychology, Zinta made her acting debut in Dil Se.. in 1998, followed by a role in Soldier in the same year. These performances earned her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut, and she was later recognised for her role as a teenage single mother in Kya Kehna (2000). She established a career as a leading Hindi film actress of the decade with a variety of character types. Her roles, often deemed culturally defiant, along with her unconventional screen persona won her recognition and several accolades. Following critically appreciated roles in Chori Chori Chupke Chupke (2001), Dil Chahta Hai (2001), Dil Hai Tumhaara (2002), and Armaan (2003), Zinta received the Filmfare Award for Best Actress for her performance in Kal Ho Naa Ho (2003). She starred in two consecutive annual top-grossing films in India, Koi... Mil Gaya (2003) and Veer-Zaara (2004), and was noted for her portrayal of independent, modern Indian women in Salaam Namaste (2005) and Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna (2006), top-grossing productions in domestic and overseas markets. For her first international role in the Canadian drama Heaven on Earth (2008) she was awarded the Silver Hugo Award for Best Actress and nominated for the Genie Award for Best Actress. She followed this with a hiatus from acting work for several years, with intermittent appearances such as in her self-produced comeback film, Ishkq in Paris (2013), which failed to leave a mark. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 1</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Preity_Zinta_by_Ash_Gupta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Preity_Zinta_by_Ash_Gupta.jpg/220px-Preity_Zinta_by_Ash_Gupta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Preity_Zinta_by_Ash_Gupta.jpg/330px-Preity_Zinta_by_Ash_Gupta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Preity_Zinta_by_Ash_Gupta.jpg/440px-Preity_Zinta_by_Ash_Gupta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Zinta in 2018</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Preity_Zinta" title="Preity Zinta">Preity G Zinta</a></b> (pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="hns-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">[ˈpriːt̪i<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈzɪɳʈa]</a></span>; born 31 January 1975) is an Indian actress and entrepreneur primarily known for her work in <a href="/wiki/Hindi_cinema" title="Hindi cinema">Hindi films</a>. After graduating with degrees in <a href="/wiki/English_literature" title="English literature">English honours</a> and <a href="/wiki/Criminal_psychology" title="Criminal psychology">criminal psychology</a>, Zinta made her acting debut in <i><a href="/wiki/Dil_Se.." title="Dil Se..">Dil Se..</a></i> in 1998, followed by a role in <i><a href="/wiki/Soldier_(1998_Indian_film)" title="Soldier (1998 Indian film)">Soldier</a></i> in the same year. These performances earned her the <a href="/wiki/Filmfare_Award_for_Best_Female_Debut" title="Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut">Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut</a>, and she was later recognised for her role as a teenage single mother in <i><a href="/wiki/Kya_Kehna" title="Kya Kehna">Kya Kehna</a></i> (2000). She established a career as a leading Hindi film actress of the decade with a variety of character types. Her <a href="/wiki/Preity_Zinta_filmography" title="Preity Zinta filmography">roles</a>, often deemed culturally defiant, along with her unconventional screen persona won her recognition and <a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Preity_Zinta" title="List of awards and nominations received by Preity Zinta">several accolades</a>.<br /><br />Following critically appreciated roles in <i><a href="/wiki/Chori_Chori_Chupke_Chupke" title="Chori Chori Chupke Chupke">Chori Chori Chupke Chupke</a></i> (2001), <i><a href="/wiki/Dil_Chahta_Hai" title="Dil Chahta Hai">Dil Chahta Hai</a></i> (2001), <i><a href="/wiki/Dil_Hai_Tumhaara" title="Dil Hai Tumhaara">Dil Hai Tumhaara</a></i> (2002), and <i><a href="/wiki/Armaan_(2003_film)" title="Armaan (2003 film)">Armaan</a></i> (2003), Zinta received the <a href="/wiki/Filmfare_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Filmfare Award for Best Actress">Filmfare Award for Best Actress</a> for her performance in <i><a href="/wiki/Kal_Ho_Naa_Ho" title="Kal Ho Naa Ho">Kal Ho Naa Ho</a></i> (2003). She starred in two consecutive annual top-grossing films in India, <i><a href="/wiki/Koi..._Mil_Gaya" title="Koi... Mil Gaya">Koi... Mil Gaya</a></i> (2003) and <i><a href="/wiki/Veer-Zaara" title="Veer-Zaara">Veer-Zaara</a></i> (2004), and was noted for her portrayal of independent, modern Indian women in <i><a href="/wiki/Salaam_Namaste" title="Salaam Namaste">Salaam Namaste</a></i> (2005) and <i><a href="/wiki/Kabhi_Alvida_Naa_Kehna" title="Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna">Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna</a></i> (2006), top-grossing productions in domestic and overseas markets. For her first international role in the Canadian drama <i><a href="/wiki/Heaven_on_Earth_(2008_film)" title="Heaven on Earth (2008 film)">Heaven on Earth</a></i> (2008) she was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Silver_Hugo_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Silver Hugo Award for Best Actress">Silver Hugo Award for Best Actress</a> and nominated for the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Screen_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Canadian Screen Award for Best Actress">Genie Award for Best Actress</a>. She followed this with a hiatus from acting work for several years, with intermittent appearances such as in her self-produced comeback film, <i><a href="/wiki/Ishkq_in_Paris" title="Ishkq in Paris">Ishkq in Paris</a></i> (2013), which failed to leave a mark. (<b><a href="/wiki/Preity_Zinta" title="Preity Zinta">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 2 Indian roller, Gujarat The Indian roller (Coracias benghalensis) is a bird of the family Coraciidae. It is 30–34 cm (12–13 in) long with a wingspan of 65–74 cm (26–29 in) and weighs 166–176 g (5.9–6.2 oz). The face and throat are pinkish, the head and back are brown, with blue on the rump and contrasting light and dark blue on the wings and tail. The bright blue markings on the wing are prominent in flight. The sexes are similar in appearance. Two subspecies are recognised. The Indian roller occurs widely from West Asia to the Indian subcontinent. Often found perched on roadside trees and wires, it is common in open grassland and scrub forest habitats, and has adapted well to human-modified landscapes. It mainly feeds on insects, especially beetles. The species is best known for the aerobatic displays of males during the breeding season. Adult males and females form pair bonds and raise the young together. The female lays 3–5 eggs in a cavity or crevice, which is lined with a thin mat of straw or feathers. The roller is the state bird of three Indian states. It is listed as a species of least concern on the IUCN Red List. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 2 Indian roller, Gujarat The Indian roller (Coracias benghalensis) is a bird of the family Coraciidae. It is 30–34 cm (12–13 in) long with a wingspan of 65–74 cm (26–29 in) and weighs 166–176 g (5.9–6.2 oz). The face and throat are pinkish, the head and back are brown, with blue on the rump and contrasting light and dark blue on the wings and tail. The bright blue markings on the wing are prominent in flight. The sexes are similar in appearance. Two subspecies are recognised. The Indian roller occurs widely from West Asia to the Indian subcontinent. Often found perched on roadside trees and wires, it is common in open grassland and scrub forest habitats, and has adapted well to human-modified landscapes. It mainly feeds on insects, especially beetles. The species is best known for the aerobatic displays of males during the breeding season. Adult males and females form pair bonds and raise the young together. The female lays 3–5 eggs in a cavity or crevice, which is lined with a thin mat of straw or feathers. The roller is the state bird of three Indian states. It is listed as a species of least concern on the IUCN Red List. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 2</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_roller_-_Timbi_Lake,_Vadodara_2023-12-03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Indian_roller_-_Timbi_Lake%2C_Vadodara_2023-12-03.jpg/220px-Indian_roller_-_Timbi_Lake%2C_Vadodara_2023-12-03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Indian_roller_-_Timbi_Lake%2C_Vadodara_2023-12-03.jpg/330px-Indian_roller_-_Timbi_Lake%2C_Vadodara_2023-12-03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Indian_roller_-_Timbi_Lake%2C_Vadodara_2023-12-03.jpg/440px-Indian_roller_-_Timbi_Lake%2C_Vadodara_2023-12-03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1484" data-file-height="1991" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Indian roller, Gujarat</div></div></div></div><br />The <b><a href="/wiki/Indian_roller" title="Indian roller">Indian roller</a></b> (<i><b>Coracias benghalensis</b></i>) is a bird of the family <a href="/wiki/Coraciidae" title="Coraciidae">Coraciidae</a>. It is 30–34 cm (12–13 in) long with a wingspan of 65–74 cm (26–29 in) and weighs 166–176 g (5.9–6.2 oz). The face and throat are pinkish, the head and back are brown, with blue on the rump and contrasting light and dark blue on the wings and tail. The bright blue markings on the wing are prominent in flight. The sexes are similar in appearance. Two <a href="/wiki/Subspecies" title="Subspecies">subspecies</a> are recognised.<br /><br />The Indian roller occurs widely from <a href="/wiki/West_Asia" title="West Asia">West Asia</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>. Often found perched on roadside trees and wires, it is common in open grassland and scrub forest habitats, and has adapted well to human-modified landscapes. It mainly feeds on insects, especially <a href="/wiki/Beetle" title="Beetle">beetles</a>. The species is best known for the aerobatic displays of males during the breeding season. Adult males and females form <a href="/wiki/Pair_bond" title="Pair bond">pair bonds</a> and raise the young together. The female lays 3–5 eggs in a cavity or crevice, which is lined with a thin mat of straw or feathers. The roller is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_birds" title="List of Indian state birds">state bird</a> of three <a href="/wiki/Indian_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian states">Indian states</a>. It is listed as a species of <a href="/wiki/Least_concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least concern">least concern</a> on the <a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Indian_roller" title="Indian roller">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 3 A stallion The Marwari or Malani is a rare breed of horse from the Marwar (or Jodhpur) region of Rajasthan, in north-west India. It is closely related to the Kathiawari breed of the Kathiawar peninsula of Gujarat, with which it shares an unusual inward-curving shape of the ears. It is found in all equine colours, including piebald and skewbald. It is a hardy riding horse; it may exhibit a natural ambling gait. The Rathores, traditional rulers of the Marwar region of western India, were the first to breed the Marwari. Beginning in the 12th century, they espoused strict breeding that promoted purity and hardiness. Used throughout history as a cavalry horse by the people of the Marwar region, the Marwari was noted for its loyalty and bravery in battle. The breed deteriorated in the 1930s, when poor management practices resulted in a reduction of the breeding stock, but today has regained some of its popularity. The Marwari is used for light draught and agricultural work, as well as riding and packing. In 1995, a breed society was formed for the Marwari horse in India. The exportation of Marwari horses was banned for decades, but between 2000 and 2006, a small number of exports were allowed. Since 2008, visas allowing temporary travel of Marwari horses outside India have been available in small numbers. Though they are rare they are becoming more popular outside of India due to their unique looks. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 3 A stallion The Marwari or Malani is a rare breed of horse from the Marwar (or Jodhpur) region of Rajasthan, in north-west India. It is closely related to the Kathiawari breed of the Kathiawar peninsula of Gujarat, with which it shares an unusual inward-curving shape of the ears. It is found in all equine colours, including piebald and skewbald. It is a hardy riding horse; it may exhibit a natural ambling gait. The Rathores, traditional rulers of the Marwar region of western India, were the first to breed the Marwari. Beginning in the 12th century, they espoused strict breeding that promoted purity and hardiness. Used throughout history as a cavalry horse by the people of the Marwar region, the Marwari was noted for its loyalty and bravery in battle. The breed deteriorated in the 1930s, when poor management practices resulted in a reduction of the breeding stock, but today has regained some of its popularity. The Marwari is used for light draught and agricultural work, as well as riding and packing. In 1995, a breed society was formed for the Marwari horse in India. The exportation of Marwari horses was banned for decades, but between 2000 and 2006, a small number of exports were allowed. Since 2008, visas allowing temporary travel of Marwari horses outside India have been available in small numbers. Though they are rare they are becoming more popular outside of India due to their unique looks. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 3</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Humayun,_Marwari_Stallion_of_Virendra_Kankariya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Humayun%2C_Marwari_Stallion_of_Virendra_Kankariya.jpg/220px-Humayun%2C_Marwari_Stallion_of_Virendra_Kankariya.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Humayun%2C_Marwari_Stallion_of_Virendra_Kankariya.jpg/330px-Humayun%2C_Marwari_Stallion_of_Virendra_Kankariya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Humayun%2C_Marwari_Stallion_of_Virendra_Kankariya.jpg/440px-Humayun%2C_Marwari_Stallion_of_Virendra_Kankariya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">A stallion</div></div></div></div><br />The <b><a href="/wiki/Marwari_horse" title="Marwari horse">Marwari</a></b> or <b>Malani</b> is a rare <a href="/wiki/Horse_breed" title="Horse breed">breed of horse</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Marwar" title="Marwar">Marwar</a> (or Jodhpur) region of <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a>, in north-west India. It is closely related to the <a href="/wiki/Kathiawari_(horse)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kathiawari (horse)">Kathiawari</a> breed of the <a href="/wiki/Kathiawar" title="Kathiawar">Kathiawar</a> peninsula of <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, with which it shares an unusual inward-curving shape of the ears. It is found in all <a href="/wiki/Equine_coat_color" title="Equine coat color">equine colours</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Piebald" title="Piebald">piebald</a> and <a href="/wiki/Skewbald" title="Skewbald">skewbald</a>. It is a hardy <a href="/wiki/Riding_horse" title="Riding horse">riding horse</a>; it may exhibit a natural <a href="/wiki/Ambling_gait" title="Ambling gait">ambling gait</a>.<br /><br />The <a href="/wiki/Rathores" class="mw-redirect" title="Rathores">Rathores</a>, traditional rulers of the <a href="/wiki/Marwar" title="Marwar">Marwar</a> region of western India, were the first to breed the Marwari. Beginning in the 12th century, they espoused strict breeding that promoted purity and hardiness. Used throughout history as a cavalry horse by the people of the Marwar region, the Marwari was noted for its loyalty and bravery in battle. The breed deteriorated in the 1930s, when poor management practices resulted in a reduction of the breeding stock, but today has regained some of its popularity. The Marwari is used for light <a href="/wiki/Draft_horse" title="Draft horse">draught</a> and agricultural work, as well as <a href="/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism">riding</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pack_horse" class="mw-redirect" title="Pack horse">packing</a>. In 1995, a <a href="/wiki/Breed_registry" title="Breed registry">breed society</a> was formed for the Marwari horse in India. The exportation of Marwari horses was banned for decades, but between 2000 and 2006, a small number of exports were allowed. Since 2008, visas allowing temporary travel of Marwari horses outside India have been available in small numbers. Though they are rare they are becoming more popular outside of India due to their unique looks. (<b><a href="/wiki/Marwari_horse" title="Marwari horse">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 4 Kapoor Khan in 2023 Kareena Kapoor Khan (pronounced [kəˈriːna kəˈpuːr xɑːn]; née Kapoor; born 21 September 1980) is an Indian actress. A prolific leading lady of Hindi cinema since 2000, she is noted for her roles in a range of film genres—from romantic comedies to crime dramas. Kapoor is the recipient of several awards, including six Filmfare Awards, and as of 2024, is one of Hindi cinema's highest-paid actresses. Born into the Kapoor family, she is the daughter of actors Babita and Randhir Kapoor, and the younger sister of actress Karisma Kapoor. After making her acting debut in 2000 in Refugee, Kapoor established herself the following year with several roles, including in the top-grossing drama Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham.... This was followed by a series of commercial failures and negative reviews for her repetitive roles. An against-type performance as a sex worker in the 2004 drama Chameli marked a turning point in her career. She earned critical recognition for her portrayal of a riot victim in the 2004 drama Dev and a character based on Desdemona in the 2006 crime film Omkara. Her performance as a loquacious woman in the romantic comedy Jab We Met (2007) earned her the Filmfare Award for Best Actress. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 4 Kapoor Khan in 2023 Kareena Kapoor Khan (pronounced [kəˈriːna kəˈpuːr xɑːn]; née Kapoor; born 21 September 1980) is an Indian actress. A prolific leading lady of Hindi cinema since 2000, she is noted for her roles in a range of film genres—from romantic comedies to crime dramas. Kapoor is the recipient of several awards, including six Filmfare Awards, and as of 2024, is one of Hindi cinema's highest-paid actresses. Born into the Kapoor family, she is the daughter of actors Babita and Randhir Kapoor, and the younger sister of actress Karisma Kapoor. After making her acting debut in 2000 in Refugee, Kapoor established herself the following year with several roles, including in the top-grossing drama Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham.... This was followed by a series of commercial failures and negative reviews for her repetitive roles. An against-type performance as a sex worker in the 2004 drama Chameli marked a turning point in her career. She earned critical recognition for her portrayal of a riot victim in the 2004 drama Dev and a character based on Desdemona in the 2006 crime film Omkara. Her performance as a loquacious woman in the romantic comedy Jab We Met (2007) earned her the Filmfare Award for Best Actress. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 4</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Kareena_Kapoor_Khan_in_2023_(1)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Kareena_Kapoor_Khan_in_2023_%281%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Kareena_Kapoor_Khan_in_2023_%281%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Kareena_Kapoor_Khan_in_2023_%281%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="447" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Kapoor Khan in 2023</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Kareena_Kapoor_Khan" title="Kareena Kapoor Khan">Kareena Kapoor Khan</a></b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="hns-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">[kəˈriːna<span class="wrap"> </span>kəˈpuːr<span class="wrap"> </span>xɑːn]</a></span>; <span title="Name at birth"><a href="/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" title="Birth name">née</a> <b>Kapoor</b></span>; born 21 September 1980) is an Indian actress. A prolific leading lady of <a href="/wiki/Hindi_cinema" title="Hindi cinema">Hindi cinema</a> since 2000, she is noted for <a href="/wiki/Kareena_Kapoor_Khan_filmography" title="Kareena Kapoor Khan filmography">her roles</a> in a range of <a href="/wiki/Film_genre" title="Film genre">film genres</a>—from romantic comedies to crime dramas. Kapoor is the recipient of <a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Kareena_Kapoor_Khan" title="List of awards and nominations received by Kareena Kapoor Khan">several awards</a>, including six <a href="/wiki/Filmfare_Awards" title="Filmfare Awards">Filmfare Awards</a>, and as of 2024, is one of Hindi cinema's highest-paid actresses.<br /><br />Born into the <a href="/wiki/Kapoor_family" title="Kapoor family">Kapoor family</a>, she is the daughter of actors <a href="/wiki/Babita" title="Babita">Babita</a> and <a href="/wiki/Randhir_Kapoor" title="Randhir Kapoor">Randhir Kapoor</a>, and the younger sister of actress <a href="/wiki/Karisma_Kapoor" title="Karisma Kapoor">Karisma Kapoor</a>. After making her acting debut in 2000 in <i><a href="/wiki/Refugee_(2000_film)" title="Refugee (2000 film)">Refugee</a></i>, Kapoor established herself the following year with several roles, including in the top-grossing drama <i><a href="/wiki/Kabhi_Khushi_Kabhie_Gham..." title="Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...">Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...</a></i>. This was followed by a series of commercial failures and negative reviews for her repetitive roles. An against-<a href="/wiki/Typecasting_(acting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Typecasting (acting)">type</a> performance as a <a href="/wiki/Sex_worker" title="Sex worker">sex worker</a> in the 2004 drama <i><a href="/wiki/Chameli_(film)" title="Chameli (film)">Chameli</a></i> marked a turning point in her career. She earned critical recognition for her portrayal of a riot victim in the 2004 drama <i><a href="/wiki/Dev_(2004_film)" title="Dev (2004 film)">Dev</a></i> and a character based on <a href="/wiki/Desdemona" title="Desdemona">Desdemona</a> in the 2006 crime film <i><a href="/wiki/Omkara_(2006_film)" title="Omkara (2006 film)">Omkara</a></i>. Her performance as a loquacious woman in the romantic comedy <i><a href="/wiki/Jab_We_Met" title="Jab We Met">Jab We Met</a></i> (2007) earned her the <a href="/wiki/Filmfare_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Filmfare Award for Best Actress">Filmfare Award for Best Actress</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Kareena_Kapoor_Khan" title="Kareena Kapoor Khan">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 5 Phoolan Devi (Hindi: [pʰuː.lən d̪eː.ʋiː], 10 August 1963 – 25 July 2001), popularly known as the Bandit Queen, was an Indian dacoit (bandit) who became a politician, serving as a member of parliament until her assassination. She was a woman of the Mallah subcaste who grew up in poverty in a village in the state of Uttar Pradesh, where her family was on the losing side of a land dispute which caused them many problems. After being married off at the age of eleven and being sexually abused by various people, she joined a gang of dacoits. Her gang robbed higher-caste villages and held up trains and vehicles. When she punished her rapists and evaded capture by the authorities, she became a heroine to the Other Backward Classes who saw her as a Robin Hood figure. Phoolan Devi was charged in absentia for the 1981 Behmai massacre, in which twenty Thakur men were killed, allegedly on her command. After this event, the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh resigned, and calls to apprehend her were amplified. She surrendered two years later in a carefully negotiated settlement and spent eleven years in Gwalior prison, awaiting trial. Phoolan Devi was released in 1994 after her charges were set aside. She subsequently became a politician and was elected as a member of parliament for the Samajwadi Party in 1996. She lost her seat in 1998, but regained it the following year. She was the incumbent at the time of her death in 2001. She was assassinated outside her house by Sher Singh Rana, who was convicted for the murder in 2014. At the time of her death, she was still fighting against the reinstituted criminal charges, having lost a 1996 appeal to the Supreme Court to have the charges dropped. Phoolan Devi's worldwide fame grew after the release of the controversial 1994 film Bandit Queen, which told her life story in a way she did not approve of. Her life has also inspired several biographies and her dictated autobiography was entitled I, Phoolan Devi. There are varying accounts of her life because she told differing versions to suit her changing circumstances. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 5 Phoolan Devi (Hindi: [pʰuː.lən d̪eː.ʋiː], 10 August 1963 – 25 July 2001), popularly known as the Bandit Queen, was an Indian dacoit (bandit) who became a politician, serving as a member of parliament until her assassination. She was a woman of the Mallah subcaste who grew up in poverty in a village in the state of Uttar Pradesh, where her family was on the losing side of a land dispute which caused them many problems. After being married off at the age of eleven and being sexually abused by various people, she joined a gang of dacoits. Her gang robbed higher-caste villages and held up trains and vehicles. When she punished her rapists and evaded capture by the authorities, she became a heroine to the Other Backward Classes who saw her as a Robin Hood figure. Phoolan Devi was charged in absentia for the 1981 Behmai massacre, in which twenty Thakur men were killed, allegedly on her command. After this event, the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh resigned, and calls to apprehend her were amplified. She surrendered two years later in a carefully negotiated settlement and spent eleven years in Gwalior prison, awaiting trial. Phoolan Devi was released in 1994 after her charges were set aside. She subsequently became a politician and was elected as a member of parliament for the Samajwadi Party in 1996. She lost her seat in 1998, but regained it the following year. She was the incumbent at the time of her death in 2001. She was assassinated outside her house by Sher Singh Rana, who was convicted for the murder in 2014. At the time of her death, she was still fighting against the reinstituted criminal charges, having lost a 1996 appeal to the Supreme Court to have the charges dropped. Phoolan Devi's worldwide fame grew after the release of the controversial 1994 film Bandit Queen, which told her life story in a way she did not approve of. Her life has also inspired several biographies and her dictated autobiography was entitled I, Phoolan Devi. There are varying accounts of her life because she told differing versions to suit her changing circumstances. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 5</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Phoolan_Devi" title="Phoolan Devi">Phoolan Devi</a></b> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Hindi:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="hi-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">[pʰuː.lən<span class="wrap"> </span>d̪eː.ʋiː]</a></span>, 10 August 1963 – 25 July 2001), popularly known as the <b>Bandit Queen</b>, was an Indian <a href="/wiki/Dacoit" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacoit">dacoit</a> (bandit) who became a politician, serving as a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Lok_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha">member of parliament</a> until her assassination. She was a woman of the <a href="/wiki/Mallaah" title="Mallaah">Mallah</a> <a href="/wiki/Subcaste" class="mw-redirect" title="Subcaste">subcaste</a> who grew up in poverty in a village in the <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>, where her family was on the losing side of a land dispute which caused them many problems. After being married off at the age of eleven and being <a href="/wiki/Sexual_Abuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual Abuse">sexually abused</a> by various people, she joined a gang of dacoits. Her gang robbed higher-caste villages and held up trains and vehicles. When she punished her rapists and evaded capture by the authorities, she became a heroine to the <a href="/wiki/Other_Backward_Class" title="Other Backward Class">Other Backward Classes</a> who saw her as a <a href="/wiki/Robin_Hood" title="Robin Hood">Robin Hood</a> figure. Phoolan Devi was charged <i><a href="/wiki/Trial_in_absentia" title="Trial in absentia">in absentia</a></i> for the 1981 Behmai massacre, in which twenty <a href="/wiki/Rajput" title="Rajput">Thakur</a> men were killed, allegedly on her command. After this event, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="List of chief ministers of Uttar Pradesh">Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh</a> resigned, and calls to apprehend her were amplified. She surrendered two years later in a carefully negotiated settlement and spent eleven years in <a href="/wiki/Gwalior" title="Gwalior">Gwalior</a> prison, awaiting trial.<br /><br />Phoolan Devi was released in 1994 after her charges were set aside. She subsequently became a politician and was elected as a member of parliament for the <a href="/wiki/Samajwadi_Party" title="Samajwadi Party">Samajwadi Party</a> in 1996. She lost her seat in 1998, but regained it the following year. She was the incumbent at the time of her death in 2001. She was assassinated outside her house by <a href="/wiki/Sher_Singh_Rana" title="Sher Singh Rana">Sher Singh Rana</a>, who was convicted for the murder in 2014. At the time of her death, she was still fighting against the reinstituted criminal charges, having lost a 1996 appeal to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court</a> to have the charges dropped. Phoolan Devi's worldwide fame grew after the release of the controversial 1994 film <i><a href="/wiki/Bandit_Queen" title="Bandit Queen">Bandit Queen</a></i>, which told her life story in a way she did not approve of. Her life has also inspired several biographies and her dictated autobiography was entitled <i>I, Phoolan Devi</i>. There are varying accounts of her life because she told differing versions to suit her changing circumstances. (<b><a href="/wiki/Phoolan_Devi" title="Phoolan Devi">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 6 Mayabazar (transl. Market of illusions) is a 1957 Indian epic Hindu mythological film directed by K. V. Reddy. It was produced by Nagi Reddi and Chakrapani under their banner, Vijaya Productions. The film was shot simultaneously in Telugu and Tamil, with a few differences in the cast. The story is an adaptation of the folk tale Sasirekha Parinayam, which is based on the characters of the epic Mahabharata. It revolves around the roles of Krishna (N. T. Rama Rao) and Ghatotkacha (S. V. Ranga Rao), as they try to reunite Arjuna's son Abhimanyu (Telugu: Akkineni Nageswara Rao, Tamil: Gemini Ganesan) with his love, Balarama's daughter Sasirekha (Savitri). The Telugu version features Gummadi, Mukkamala, Ramana Reddy, and Relangi in supporting roles, with D. Balasubramaniam, R. Balasubramaniam, V. M. Ezhumalai, and K. A. Thangavelu playing those parts in the Tamil version. The first mythological film produced by their studio, Mayabazar marked a milestone for Nagi Reddi and Chakrapani. In addition to the technical crew, 400 studio workers – including light men, carpenters, and painters – participated in the development of the film. Director Reddy was meticulous with the pre-production and casting phases, which took nearly a year to complete. Though Rama Rao was initially reluctant to play the lead role, his portrayal of Krishna received acclaim and yielded more offers to reprise the same role in several unrelated films. The soundtrack features twelve songs, with most of the musical score composed by Ghantasala. Telugu lyrics were written by Pingali Nagendrarao and Tamil lyrics were written by Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass. One of those songs, Lahiri Lahiri, was accompanied by the first illusion of moonlight in Indian cinema, shot by cinematographer Marcus Bartley. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 6 Mayabazar (transl. Market of illusions) is a 1957 Indian epic Hindu mythological film directed by K. V. Reddy. It was produced by Nagi Reddi and Chakrapani under their banner, Vijaya Productions. The film was shot simultaneously in Telugu and Tamil, with a few differences in the cast. The story is an adaptation of the folk tale Sasirekha Parinayam, which is based on the characters of the epic Mahabharata. It revolves around the roles of Krishna (N. T. Rama Rao) and Ghatotkacha (S. V. Ranga Rao), as they try to reunite Arjuna's son Abhimanyu (Telugu: Akkineni Nageswara Rao, Tamil: Gemini Ganesan) with his love, Balarama's daughter Sasirekha (Savitri). The Telugu version features Gummadi, Mukkamala, Ramana Reddy, and Relangi in supporting roles, with D. Balasubramaniam, R. Balasubramaniam, V. M. Ezhumalai, and K. A. Thangavelu playing those parts in the Tamil version. The first mythological film produced by their studio, Mayabazar marked a milestone for Nagi Reddi and Chakrapani. In addition to the technical crew, 400 studio workers – including light men, carpenters, and painters – participated in the development of the film. Director Reddy was meticulous with the pre-production and casting phases, which took nearly a year to complete. Though Rama Rao was initially reluctant to play the lead role, his portrayal of Krishna received acclaim and yielded more offers to reprise the same role in several unrelated films. The soundtrack features twelve songs, with most of the musical score composed by Ghantasala. Telugu lyrics were written by Pingali Nagendrarao and Tamil lyrics were written by Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass. One of those songs, Lahiri Lahiri, was accompanied by the first illusion of moonlight in Indian cinema, shot by cinematographer Marcus Bartley. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 6</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mayabazar" title="Mayabazar">Mayabazar</a></b></i> (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> Market of illusions</span>) is a 1957 Indian <a href="/wiki/Epic_film" title="Epic film">epic</a> <a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythological_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu mythological film">Hindu mythological film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/K._V._Reddy" title="K. V. Reddy">K. V. Reddy</a>. It was produced by <a href="/wiki/Nagi_Reddi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagi Reddi">Nagi Reddi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chakrapani_(filmmaker)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chakrapani (filmmaker)">Chakrapani</a> under their banner, <a href="/wiki/Vijaya_Vauhini_Studios" title="Vijaya Vauhini Studios">Vijaya Productions</a>. The film was shot simultaneously in <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>, with a few differences in the cast. The story is an adaptation of the <a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_India" title="Folklore of India">folk tale</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Sasirekha_Parinayam" title="Sasirekha Parinayam">Sasirekha Parinayam</a></i>, which is based on the characters of the epic <i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i>. It revolves around the roles of <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a> (<a href="/wiki/N._T._Rama_Rao" title="N. T. Rama Rao">N. T. Rama Rao</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Ghatotkacha" title="Ghatotkacha">Ghatotkacha</a> (<a href="/wiki/S._V._Ranga_Rao" title="S. V. Ranga Rao">S. V. Ranga Rao</a>), as they try to reunite <a href="/wiki/Arjuna" title="Arjuna">Arjuna</a><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> son <a href="/wiki/Abhimanyu" title="Abhimanyu">Abhimanyu</a> (Telugu: <a href="/wiki/Akkineni_Nageswara_Rao" title="Akkineni Nageswara Rao">Akkineni Nageswara Rao</a>, Tamil: <a href="/wiki/Gemini_Ganesan" title="Gemini Ganesan">Gemini Ganesan</a>) with his love, <a href="/wiki/Balarama" title="Balarama">Balarama</a>'s daughter Sasirekha (<a href="/wiki/Savitri_(actress)" title="Savitri (actress)">Savitri</a>). The Telugu version features <a href="/wiki/Gummadi_(actor)" title="Gummadi (actor)">Gummadi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mukkamala_(actor)" title="Mukkamala (actor)">Mukkamala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramana_Reddy" title="Ramana Reddy">Ramana Reddy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Relangi_(actor)" title="Relangi (actor)">Relangi</a> in supporting roles, with <a href="/wiki/D._Balasubramaniam" title="D. Balasubramaniam">D. Balasubramaniam</a>, <a href="/wiki/R._Balasubramaniam" title="R. Balasubramaniam">R. Balasubramaniam</a>, V. M. Ezhumalai, and <a href="/wiki/K._A._Thangavelu" title="K. A. Thangavelu">K. A. Thangavelu</a> playing those parts in the Tamil version.<br /><br />The first <a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">mythological</a> film produced by their studio, <i>Mayabazar</i> marked a milestone for Nagi Reddi and Chakrapani. In addition to the technical crew, 400 studio workers – including light men, carpenters, and painters – participated in the development of the film. Director Reddy was meticulous with the <a href="/wiki/Pre-production" title="Pre-production">pre-production</a> and <a href="/wiki/Casting_(performing_arts)" title="Casting (performing arts)">casting</a> phases, which took nearly a year to complete. Though Rama Rao was initially reluctant to play the lead role, his portrayal of Krishna received acclaim and yielded more offers to reprise the same role in several unrelated films. The soundtrack features twelve songs, with most of the musical score composed by <a href="/wiki/Ghantasala_(musician)" title="Ghantasala (musician)">Ghantasala</a>. Telugu lyrics were written by <a href="/wiki/Pingali_Nagendrarao" class="mw-redirect" title="Pingali Nagendrarao">Pingali Nagendrarao</a> and Tamil lyrics were written by Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass. One of those songs, <i>Lahiri Lahiri</i>, was accompanied by the first illusion of moonlight in Indian cinema, shot by cinematographer <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Bartley" title="Marcus Bartley">Marcus Bartley</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Mayabazar" title="Mayabazar">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 7 The red panda (Ailurus fulgens), also known as the lesser panda, is a small mammal native to the eastern Himalayas and southwestern China. It has dense reddish-brown fur with a black belly and legs, white-lined ears, a mostly white muzzle and a ringed tail. Its head-to-body length is 51–63.5 cm (20.1–25.0 in) with a 28–48.5 cm (11.0–19.1 in) tail, and it weighs between 3.2 and 15 kg (7.1 and 33.1 lb). It is well adapted to climbing due to its flexible joints and curved semi-retractile claws. The red panda was formally described in 1825. The two currently recognised subspecies, the Himalayan and the Chinese red panda, genetically diverged about 250,000 years ago. The red panda's place on the evolutionary tree has been debated, but modern genetic evidence places it in close affinity with raccoons, weasels, and skunks. It is not closely related to the giant panda, which is a bear, though both possess elongated wrist bones or "false thumbs" used for grasping bamboo. The evolutionary lineage of the red panda (Ailuridae) stretches back around 25 to 18 million years ago, as indicated by extinct fossil relatives found in Eurasia and North America. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 7 The red panda (Ailurus fulgens), also known as the lesser panda, is a small mammal native to the eastern Himalayas and southwestern China. It has dense reddish-brown fur with a black belly and legs, white-lined ears, a mostly white muzzle and a ringed tail. Its head-to-body length is 51–63.5 cm (20.1–25.0 in) with a 28–48.5 cm (11.0–19.1 in) tail, and it weighs between 3.2 and 15 kg (7.1 and 33.1 lb). It is well adapted to climbing due to its flexible joints and curved semi-retractile claws. The red panda was formally described in 1825. The two currently recognised subspecies, the Himalayan and the Chinese red panda, genetically diverged about 250,000 years ago. The red panda's place on the evolutionary tree has been debated, but modern genetic evidence places it in close affinity with raccoons, weasels, and skunks. It is not closely related to the giant panda, which is a bear, though both possess elongated wrist bones or "false thumbs" used for grasping bamboo. The evolutionary lineage of the red panda (Ailuridae) stretches back around 25 to 18 million years ago, as indicated by extinct fossil relatives found in Eurasia and North America. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 7</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_Panda_(24986761703).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Red_Panda_%2824986761703%29.jpg/220px-Red_Panda_%2824986761703%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Red_Panda_%2824986761703%29.jpg/330px-Red_Panda_%2824986761703%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Red_Panda_%2824986761703%29.jpg/440px-Red_Panda_%2824986761703%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3900" data-file-height="2583" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br />The <b><a href="/wiki/Red_panda" title="Red panda">red panda</a></b> (<i><b>Ailurus fulgens</b></i>), also known as the <b>lesser panda</b>, is a small <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammal</a> native to the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Himalayas" title="Eastern Himalayas">eastern Himalayas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_China" title="Southwestern China">southwestern China</a>. It has dense reddish-brown fur with a black belly and legs, white-lined ears, a mostly white muzzle and a ringed tail. Its head-to-body length is 51–63.5 cm (20.1–25.0 in) with a 28–48.5 cm (11.0–19.1 in) tail, and it weighs between 3.2 and 15 kg (7.1 and 33.1 lb). It is well adapted to climbing due to its flexible joints and curved semi-retractile claws.<br /><br />The red panda was formally <a href="/wiki/Species_description" title="Species description">described</a> in 1825. The two currently recognised subspecies, the Himalayan and the Chinese red panda, <a href="/wiki/Genetic_divergence" title="Genetic divergence">genetically diverged</a> about 250,000 years ago. The red panda's place on the <a href="/wiki/Phylogenetic_tree" title="Phylogenetic tree">evolutionary tree</a> has been debated, but modern genetic evidence places it in close affinity with <a href="/wiki/Procyonidae" title="Procyonidae">raccoons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">weasels</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mephitidae" title="Mephitidae">skunks</a>. It is not closely related to the <a href="/wiki/Giant_panda" title="Giant panda">giant panda</a>, which is a <a href="/wiki/Bear" title="Bear">bear</a>, though both possess elongated wrist bones or "<a href="/wiki/Sesamoid_bone#Other_animals" title="Sesamoid bone">false thumbs</a>" used for grasping <a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">bamboo</a>. The evolutionary <a href="/wiki/Lineage_(evolution)" title="Lineage (evolution)">lineage</a> of the red panda (<a href="/wiki/Ailuridae" title="Ailuridae">Ailuridae</a>) stretches back around <span class="nourlexpansion plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geoltime.github.io/?Ma=25–18">25 to 18</a> million years ago</span>, as indicated by extinct fossil relatives found in Eurasia and North America. (<b><a href="/wiki/Red_panda" title="Red panda">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 8 Margarita with a Straw is a 2014 Indian Hindi-language drama film directed by Shonali Bose. It stars Kalki Koechlin as an Indian teenager with cerebral palsy who relocates to America for her undergraduate education and comes of age following her complex relationship with a blind girl, played by Sayani Gupta. Revathi, Kuljeet Singh, and William Moseley play supporting roles. Produced by Bose in partnership with Viacom18 Motion Pictures, Margarita with a Straw was co-written by Bose and Nilesh Maniyar. The film deals with the challenging concepts of sexuality, inclusion, self-love, and self-acceptance. Bose conceived the idea for the film in January 2011 during a conversation with Malini Chib, her cousin and a disability rights activist, about the latter's desire to have a normal sex life. Inspired by Chib's story, Bose wrote the first draft of the film's script. After winning a Sundance Mahindra Global Filmmaker Award for the draft, she modified the script to reflect her own perspective, incorporating several personal experiences into the narrative. Bose completed the screenplay with co-writer Maniyar and the advisory council of the Sundance Institute. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 8 Margarita with a Straw is a 2014 Indian Hindi-language drama film directed by Shonali Bose. It stars Kalki Koechlin as an Indian teenager with cerebral palsy who relocates to America for her undergraduate education and comes of age following her complex relationship with a blind girl, played by Sayani Gupta. Revathi, Kuljeet Singh, and William Moseley play supporting roles. Produced by Bose in partnership with Viacom18 Motion Pictures, Margarita with a Straw was co-written by Bose and Nilesh Maniyar. The film deals with the challenging concepts of sexuality, inclusion, self-love, and self-acceptance. Bose conceived the idea for the film in January 2011 during a conversation with Malini Chib, her cousin and a disability rights activist, about the latter's desire to have a normal sex life. Inspired by Chib's story, Bose wrote the first draft of the film's script. After winning a Sundance Mahindra Global Filmmaker Award for the draft, she modified the script to reflect her own perspective, incorporating several personal experiences into the narrative. Bose completed the screenplay with co-writer Maniyar and the advisory council of the Sundance Institute. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 8</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Margarita_with_a_Straw" title="Margarita with a Straw">Margarita with a Straw</a></b></i> is a 2014 Indian <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>-language <a href="/wiki/Drama_(film_and_television)" title="Drama (film and television)">drama film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Shonali_Bose" title="Shonali Bose">Shonali Bose</a>. It stars <a href="/wiki/Kalki_Koechlin" title="Kalki Koechlin">Kalki Koechlin</a> as an Indian teenager with <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_palsy" title="Cerebral palsy">cerebral palsy</a> who relocates to America for her undergraduate education and <a href="/wiki/Coming_of_age" title="Coming of age">comes of age</a> following her complex relationship with a blind girl, played by <a href="/wiki/Sayani_Gupta" title="Sayani Gupta">Sayani Gupta</a>. <a href="/wiki/Revathi" title="Revathi">Revathi</a>, Kuljeet Singh, and <a href="/wiki/William_Moseley_(actor)" title="William Moseley (actor)">William Moseley</a> play supporting roles. Produced by Bose in partnership with <a href="/wiki/Viacom18_Motion_Pictures" class="mw-redirect" title="Viacom18 Motion Pictures">Viacom18 Motion Pictures</a>, <i>Margarita with a Straw</i> was co-written by Bose and Nilesh Maniyar. The film deals with the challenging concepts of <a href="/wiki/Sexuality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexuality">sexuality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inclusion_(disability_rights)" title="Inclusion (disability rights)">inclusion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Self-love" title="Self-love">self-love</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Self-acceptance" title="Self-acceptance">self-acceptance</a>.<br /><br />Bose conceived the idea for the film in January 2011 during a conversation with <a href="/wiki/Malini_Chib" title="Malini Chib">Malini Chib</a>, her cousin and a <a href="/wiki/Disability_rights_activist" class="mw-redirect" title="Disability rights activist">disability rights activist</a>, about the latter's desire to have a normal <a href="/wiki/Sex_life" title="Sex life">sex life</a>. Inspired by Chib's story, Bose wrote the first draft of the film's script. After winning a <a href="/wiki/Sundance_Institute#Feature_Film_Program" title="Sundance Institute">Sundance Mahindra Global Filmmaker Award</a> for the draft, she modified the script to reflect her own perspective, incorporating several personal experiences into the narrative. Bose completed the screenplay with co-writer Maniyar and the advisory council of the Sundance Institute. (<b><a href="/wiki/Margarita_with_a_Straw" title="Margarita with a Straw">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 9 Bhatt at the 2022 Berlinale Alia Bhatt (/ˈɑːliə ˈbʌt/; born 15 March 1993) is a British actress of Indian descent who predominantly works in Hindi films. Known for her portrayals of women in challenging circumstances, she has received several accolades, including a National Film Award and six Filmfare Awards. She is one of India's highest-paid actresses. Time awarded her with the Time100 Impact Award in 2022 and named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2024. Born into the Bhatt family, she is a daughter of filmmaker Mahesh Bhatt and actress Soni Razdan. After making her acting debut as a child in the 1999 thriller film Sangharsh, she played her first leading role in Karan Johar's teen film Student of the Year (2012). She won the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress for playing a kidnapping victim in the road drama Highway (2014) and went on to establish herself with starring roles in several romantic films produced by Johar's studio Dharma Productions. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 9 Bhatt at the 2022 Berlinale Alia Bhatt (/ˈɑːliə ˈbʌt/; born 15 March 1993) is a British actress of Indian descent who predominantly works in Hindi films. Known for her portrayals of women in challenging circumstances, she has received several accolades, including a National Film Award and six Filmfare Awards. She is one of India's highest-paid actresses. Time awarded her with the Time100 Impact Award in 2022 and named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2024. Born into the Bhatt family, she is a daughter of filmmaker Mahesh Bhatt and actress Soni Razdan. After making her acting debut as a child in the 1999 thriller film Sangharsh, she played her first leading role in Karan Johar's teen film Student of the Year (2012). She won the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress for playing a kidnapping victim in the road drama Highway (2014) and went on to establish herself with starring roles in several romantic films produced by Johar's studio Dharma Productions. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 9</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Alia_Bhatt_at_Berlinale_2022_Ausschnitt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Alia_Bhatt_at_Berlinale_2022_Ausschnitt.jpg/220px-Alia_Bhatt_at_Berlinale_2022_Ausschnitt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Alia_Bhatt_at_Berlinale_2022_Ausschnitt.jpg/330px-Alia_Bhatt_at_Berlinale_2022_Ausschnitt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Alia_Bhatt_at_Berlinale_2022_Ausschnitt.jpg/440px-Alia_Bhatt_at_Berlinale_2022_Ausschnitt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1368" data-file-height="1974" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Bhatt at the <a href="/wiki/2022_Berlinale" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Berlinale">2022 Berlinale</a></div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Alia_Bhatt" title="Alia Bhatt">Alia Bhatt</a></b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span>; born 15 March 1993) is a British actress of Indian descent who predominantly works in <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> films. Known for <a href="/wiki/Alia_Bhatt_filmography" title="Alia Bhatt filmography">her portrayals</a> of women in challenging circumstances, she has received <a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Alia_Bhatt" title="List of awards and nominations received by Alia Bhatt">several accolades</a>, including a <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="National Film Award">National Film Award</a> and six <a href="/wiki/Filmfare_Awards" title="Filmfare Awards">Filmfare Awards</a>. She is one of India's highest-paid actresses. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)"><i>Time</i></a> awarded her with the <a href="/wiki/Time100_Impact_Awards" title="Time100 Impact Awards">Time100 Impact Award</a> in 2022 and named her one of the <a href="/wiki/Time_100" title="Time 100">100 most influential people in the world</a> in 2024.<br /><br />Born into the <a href="/wiki/Bhatt_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhatt family">Bhatt family</a>, she is a daughter of filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Mahesh_Bhatt" title="Mahesh Bhatt">Mahesh Bhatt</a> and actress <a href="/wiki/Soni_Razdan" title="Soni Razdan">Soni Razdan</a>. After making her acting debut as a child in the 1999 thriller film <i><a href="/wiki/Sangharsh_(1999_film)" title="Sangharsh (1999 film)">Sangharsh</a></i>, she played her first leading role in <a href="/wiki/Karan_Johar" title="Karan Johar">Karan Johar</a>'s teen film <i><a href="/wiki/Student_of_the_Year" title="Student of the Year">Student of the Year</a></i> (2012). She won the <a href="/wiki/Filmfare_Critics_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress">Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress</a> for playing a kidnapping victim in the road drama <i><a href="/wiki/Highway_(2014_Hindi_film)" title="Highway (2014 Hindi film)">Highway</a></i> (2014) and went on to establish herself with starring roles in several romantic films produced by Johar's studio <a href="/wiki/Dharma_Productions" title="Dharma Productions">Dharma Productions</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Alia_Bhatt" title="Alia Bhatt">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 10 Chopra Jonas in 2024 Priyanka Chopra Jonas (pronounced [pɾɪˈjəŋka ˈtʃoːpɽa]; née Chopra; born 18 July 1982) is an Indian actress and producer. The winner of the Miss World 2000 pageant, Chopra is one of India's highest-paid actresses and has received numerous accolades, including two National Film Awards and five Filmfare Awards. In 2016, the Government of India honoured her with the Padma Shri, and Time named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world. In the next two years, Forbes listed her among the World's 100 Most Powerful Women, and in 2022, she was named in the BBC 100 Women list. Chopra accepted offers to join the Indian film industry following her pageant wins. Her acting debut came in the Tamil film Thamizhan (2002), followed by her first Bollywood feature in The Hero: Love Story of a Spy (2003). She played the leading lady in the box-office hits Andaaz (2003) and Mujhse Shaadi Karogi (2004) and had her breakout role in the 2004 romantic thriller Aitraaz. Chopra established herself with starring roles in the top-grossing productions Krrish and Don (both 2006), and later reprised her role in their sequels. For playing a troubled model in the drama Fashion (2008), Chopra won a National Film Award and a Filmfare Award for Best Actress. Chopra gained further praise for portraying a range of characters in the films Kaminey (2009), 7 Khoon Maaf (2011), Barfi! (2012), Mary Kom (2014), Dil Dhadakne Do (2015) and Bajirao Mastani (2015). (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 10 Chopra Jonas in 2024 Priyanka Chopra Jonas (pronounced [pɾɪˈjəŋka ˈtʃoːpɽa]; née Chopra; born 18 July 1982) is an Indian actress and producer. The winner of the Miss World 2000 pageant, Chopra is one of India's highest-paid actresses and has received numerous accolades, including two National Film Awards and five Filmfare Awards. In 2016, the Government of India honoured her with the Padma Shri, and Time named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world. In the next two years, Forbes listed her among the World's 100 Most Powerful Women, and in 2022, she was named in the BBC 100 Women list. Chopra accepted offers to join the Indian film industry following her pageant wins. Her acting debut came in the Tamil film Thamizhan (2002), followed by her first Bollywood feature in The Hero: Love Story of a Spy (2003). She played the leading lady in the box-office hits Andaaz (2003) and Mujhse Shaadi Karogi (2004) and had her breakout role in the 2004 romantic thriller Aitraaz. Chopra established herself with starring roles in the top-grossing productions Krrish and Don (both 2006), and later reprised her role in their sequels. For playing a troubled model in the drama Fashion (2008), Chopra won a National Film Award and a Filmfare Award for Best Actress. Chopra gained further praise for portraying a range of characters in the films Kaminey (2009), 7 Khoon Maaf (2011), Barfi! (2012), Mary Kom (2014), Dil Dhadakne Do (2015) and Bajirao Mastani (2015). (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 10</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Priyanka_Chopra_at_Bulgary_launch,_2024_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Priyanka_Chopra_at_Bulgary_launch%2C_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Priyanka_Chopra_at_Bulgary_launch%2C_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Priyanka_Chopra_at_Bulgary_launch%2C_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="296" data-file-height="398" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Chopra Jonas in 2024</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Priyanka_Chopra" title="Priyanka Chopra">Priyanka Chopra Jonas</a></b> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="hns-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">[pɾɪˈjəŋka<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈtʃoːpɽa]</a></span>; <span title="Name at birth"><a href="/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" title="Birth name">née</a></span> <b>Chopra</b>; born 18 July 1982) is an Indian actress and producer. The winner of the <a href="/wiki/Miss_World_2000" title="Miss World 2000">Miss World 2000</a> pageant, Chopra is one of India's highest-paid actresses and has received <a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Priyanka_Chopra" title="List of awards and nominations received by Priyanka Chopra">numerous accolades</a>, including two <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Awards" title="National Film Awards">National Film Awards</a> and five <a href="/wiki/Filmfare_Awards" title="Filmfare Awards">Filmfare Awards</a>. In 2016, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> honoured her with the <a href="/wiki/Padma_Shri" title="Padma Shri">Padma Shri</a>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> named her one of the <a href="/wiki/Time_100#2016" title="Time 100">100 most influential people in the world</a>. In the next two years, <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i> listed her among the <a href="/wiki/Forbes_list_of_The_World%27s_100_Most_Powerful_Women" class="mw-redirect" title="Forbes list of The World's 100 Most Powerful Women">World's 100 Most Powerful Women</a>, and in 2022, she was named in the <a href="/wiki/100_Women_(BBC)" title="100 Women (BBC)">BBC 100 Women</a> list.<br /><br />Chopra accepted offers to join the Indian film industry following her pageant wins. Her acting debut came in the <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Thamizhan" title="Thamizhan">Thamizhan</a></i> (2002), followed by her first <a href="/wiki/Bollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollywood">Bollywood</a> feature in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hero:_Love_Story_of_a_Spy" title="The Hero: Love Story of a Spy">The Hero: Love Story of a Spy</a></i> (2003). She played the leading lady in the box-office hits <i><a href="/wiki/Andaaz" title="Andaaz">Andaaz</a></i> (2003) and <i><a href="/wiki/Mujhse_Shaadi_Karogi" title="Mujhse Shaadi Karogi">Mujhse Shaadi Karogi</a></i> (2004) and had her <a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_role" title="Breakthrough role">breakout role</a> in the 2004 romantic thriller <i><a href="/wiki/Aitraaz" title="Aitraaz">Aitraaz</a></i>. Chopra established herself with starring roles in the top-grossing productions <i><a href="/wiki/Krrish" title="Krrish">Krrish</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Don_(2006_Hindi_film)" title="Don (2006 Hindi film)">Don</a></i> (both 2006), and later reprised her role in their sequels. For playing a troubled model in the drama <i><a href="/wiki/Fashion_(2008_film)" title="Fashion (2008 film)">Fashion</a></i> (2008), Chopra won a <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Award_for_Best_Actress" class="mw-redirect" title="National Film Award for Best Actress">National Film Award</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Filmfare_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Filmfare Award for Best Actress">Filmfare Award for Best Actress</a>. Chopra gained further praise for portraying a range of characters in the films <i><a href="/wiki/Kaminey" title="Kaminey">Kaminey</a></i> (2009), <i><a href="/wiki/7_Khoon_Maaf" title="7 Khoon Maaf">7 Khoon Maaf</a></i> (2011), <i><a href="/wiki/Barfi!" title="Barfi!">Barfi!</a></i> (2012), <i><a href="/wiki/Mary_Kom_(film)" title="Mary Kom (film)">Mary Kom</a></i> (2014), <i><a href="/wiki/Dil_Dhadakne_Do" title="Dil Dhadakne Do">Dil Dhadakne Do</a></i> (2015) and <i><a href="/wiki/Bajirao_Mastani" title="Bajirao Mastani">Bajirao Mastani</a></i> (2015). (<b><a href="/wiki/Priyanka_Chopra" title="Priyanka Chopra">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 11 The Legend of Bhagat Singh is a 2002 Indian Hindi-language biographical period film directed by Rajkumar Santoshi. The film is about Bhagat Singh, a revolutionary who fought for Indian independence along with fellow members of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association. It features Ajay Devgan as the titular character along with Sushant Singh, D. Santosh and Akhilendra Mishra as the other lead characters. Raj Babbar, Farida Jalal and Amrita Rao play supporting roles. The film chronicles Singh's life from his childhood where he witnesses the Jallianwala Bagh massacre until the day he was hanged to death before the official trial dated 24 March 1931. The film was produced by Kumar and Ramesh Taurani's Tips Industries on a budget of ₹200–250 million (about US$4.2–5.2 million in 2002). The story and dialogue were written by Santoshi and Piyush Mishra respectively, while Anjum Rajabali drafted the screenplay. K. V. Anand, V. N. Mayekar and Nitin Chandrakant Desai were in charge of the cinematography, editing and production design respectively. Principal photography took place in Agra, Manali, Mumbai and Pune from January to May 2002. The soundtrack and film score were composed by A. R. Rahman, with the songs "Mera Rang De Basanti" and "Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna" being well received in particular. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 11 The Legend of Bhagat Singh is a 2002 Indian Hindi-language biographical period film directed by Rajkumar Santoshi. The film is about Bhagat Singh, a revolutionary who fought for Indian independence along with fellow members of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association. It features Ajay Devgan as the titular character along with Sushant Singh, D. Santosh and Akhilendra Mishra as the other lead characters. Raj Babbar, Farida Jalal and Amrita Rao play supporting roles. The film chronicles Singh's life from his childhood where he witnesses the Jallianwala Bagh massacre until the day he was hanged to death before the official trial dated 24 March 1931. The film was produced by Kumar and Ramesh Taurani's Tips Industries on a budget of ₹200–250 million (about US$4.2–5.2 million in 2002). The story and dialogue were written by Santoshi and Piyush Mishra respectively, while Anjum Rajabali drafted the screenplay. K. V. Anand, V. N. Mayekar and Nitin Chandrakant Desai were in charge of the cinematography, editing and production design respectively. Principal photography took place in Agra, Manali, Mumbai and Pune from January to May 2002. The soundtrack and film score were composed by A. R. Rahman, with the songs "Mera Rang De Basanti" and "Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna" being well received in particular. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 11</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/The_Legend_of_Bhagat_Singh" title="The Legend of Bhagat Singh">The Legend of Bhagat Singh</a></b></i> is a 2002 Indian <a href="/wiki/Bollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollywood">Hindi</a>-language <a href="/wiki/Biographical_film" title="Biographical film">biographical</a> <a href="/wiki/Historical_drama" title="Historical drama">period film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Rajkumar_Santoshi" title="Rajkumar Santoshi">Rajkumar Santoshi</a>. The film is about <a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Singh" title="Bhagat Singh">Bhagat Singh</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_movement_for_Indian_independence" title="Revolutionary movement for Indian independence">revolutionary</a> who fought for <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence</a> along with fellow members of the <a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association" title="Hindustan Socialist Republican Association">Hindustan Socialist Republican Association</a>. It features <a href="/wiki/Ajay_Devgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ajay Devgan">Ajay Devgan</a> as the titular character along with <a href="/wiki/Sushant_Singh" title="Sushant Singh">Sushant Singh</a>, <a href="/wiki/D._Santosh" title="D. Santosh">D. Santosh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Akhilendra_Mishra" title="Akhilendra Mishra">Akhilendra Mishra</a> as the other lead characters. <a href="/wiki/Raj_Babbar" title="Raj Babbar">Raj Babbar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Farida_Jalal" title="Farida Jalal">Farida Jalal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amrita_Rao" title="Amrita Rao">Amrita Rao</a> play supporting roles. The film chronicles Singh's life from his childhood where he witnesses the <a href="/wiki/Jallianwala_Bagh_massacre" title="Jallianwala Bagh massacre">Jallianwala Bagh massacre</a> until the day he was hanged to death before the official trial dated 24 March 1931.<br /><br />The film was produced by Kumar and Ramesh Taurani's <a href="/wiki/Tips_Industries" title="Tips Industries">Tips Industries</a> on a budget of <a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee_sign" title="Indian rupee sign"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span></a>200–250 million (about US$4.2–5.2 million in 2002). The story and dialogue were written by Santoshi and <a href="/wiki/Piyush_Mishra" title="Piyush Mishra">Piyush Mishra</a> respectively, while <a href="/wiki/Anjum_Rajabali" title="Anjum Rajabali">Anjum Rajabali</a> drafted the screenplay. <a href="/wiki/K._V._Anand" title="K. V. Anand">K. V. Anand</a>, V. N. Mayekar and <a href="/wiki/Nitin_Chandrakant_Desai" title="Nitin Chandrakant Desai">Nitin Chandrakant Desai</a> were in charge of the cinematography, editing and production design respectively. <a href="/wiki/Principal_photography" title="Principal photography">Principal photography</a> took place in <a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manali,_Himachal_Pradesh" title="Manali, Himachal Pradesh">Manali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a> from January to May 2002. The soundtrack and film score were composed by <a href="/wiki/A._R._Rahman" title="A. R. Rahman">A. R. Rahman</a>, with the songs "Mera Rang De Basanti" and "<a href="/wiki/Sarfaroshi_Ki_Tamanna" title="Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna">Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna</a>" being well received in particular. (<b><a href="/wiki/The_Legend_of_Bhagat_Singh" title="The Legend of Bhagat Singh">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 12 Andha Naal (pronounced [an̪da naːɭ] transl. That Day) is a 1954 Indian Tamil-language mystery-thriller film, produced by A. V. Meiyappan and directed by S. Balachander. It is the first film noir in Tamil cinema, and the first Tamil film to be made without songs, dance, or stunt sequences. Set in the milieu of World War II, the story is about the killing of a radio engineer Rajan (Sivaji Ganesan). The suspects are Rajan's wife Usha (Pandari Bai), the neighbour Chinnaiya Pillai (P. D. Sambandam), Rajan's brother Pattabi (T. K. Balachandran), Rajan's sister-in-law Hema (Menaka), and Rajan's mistress Ambujam (K. Sooryakala). Each one's account of the incident points to a new suspect. Balachander watched Akira Kurosawa's Rashomon (1950) at a film festival, was inspired by it and wrote a play in the same narrative style, but the script was rejected by All India Radio; Meiyappan later agreed to produce it as the film that would later be titled Andha Naal under AVM Productions. The screenplay was written by Javar Seetharaman, who also played a prominent role as an investigative officer in the film. The cinematography was handled by S. Maruti Rao, and the background score was composed by AVM's own music troupe, Saraswathy Stores Orchestra. The film was shorter than most contemporaneous Tamil films. It was the only film directed by Balachander for AVM. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 12 Andha Naal (pronounced [an̪da naːɭ] transl. That Day) is a 1954 Indian Tamil-language mystery-thriller film, produced by A. V. Meiyappan and directed by S. Balachander. It is the first film noir in Tamil cinema, and the first Tamil film to be made without songs, dance, or stunt sequences. Set in the milieu of World War II, the story is about the killing of a radio engineer Rajan (Sivaji Ganesan). The suspects are Rajan's wife Usha (Pandari Bai), the neighbour Chinnaiya Pillai (P. D. Sambandam), Rajan's brother Pattabi (T. K. Balachandran), Rajan's sister-in-law Hema (Menaka), and Rajan's mistress Ambujam (K. Sooryakala). Each one's account of the incident points to a new suspect. Balachander watched Akira Kurosawa's Rashomon (1950) at a film festival, was inspired by it and wrote a play in the same narrative style, but the script was rejected by All India Radio; Meiyappan later agreed to produce it as the film that would later be titled Andha Naal under AVM Productions. The screenplay was written by Javar Seetharaman, who also played a prominent role as an investigative officer in the film. The cinematography was handled by S. Maruti Rao, and the background score was composed by AVM's own music troupe, Saraswathy Stores Orchestra. The film was shorter than most contemporaneous Tamil films. It was the only film directed by Balachander for AVM. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 12</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Andha_Naal" title="Andha Naal">Andha Naal</a></b></i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ta-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tamil" title="Help:IPA/Tamil">[an̪da<span class="wrap"> </span>naːɭ]</a></span> <abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> That Day</span>) is a 1954 Indian <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>-language <a href="/wiki/Mystery_film" title="Mystery film">mystery</a>-<a href="/wiki/Thriller_film" title="Thriller film">thriller</a> film, produced by <a href="/wiki/A._V._Meiyappan" title="A. V. Meiyappan">A. V. Meiyappan</a> and directed by <a href="/wiki/S._Balachander" title="S. Balachander">S. Balachander</a>. It is the first <a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">film noir</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tamil_cinema" title="Tamil cinema">Tamil cinema</a>, and the first Tamil film to be made without songs, dance, or stunt sequences. Set in the <a href="/wiki/South-East_Asian_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South-East Asian theatre of World War II">milieu of World War II</a>, the story is about the killing of a radio engineer Rajan (<a href="/wiki/Sivaji_Ganesan" title="Sivaji Ganesan">Sivaji Ganesan</a>). The suspects are Rajan's wife Usha (<a href="/wiki/Pandari_Bai" title="Pandari Bai">Pandari Bai</a>), the neighbour Chinnaiya Pillai (<a href="/wiki/P._D._Sambandam" title="P. D. Sambandam">P. D. Sambandam</a>), Rajan's brother Pattabi (<a href="/wiki/T._K._Balachandran" title="T. K. Balachandran">T. K. Balachandran</a>), Rajan's sister-in-law Hema (Menaka), and Rajan's mistress Ambujam (K. Sooryakala). Each one's account of the incident points to a new suspect.<br /><br />Balachander watched <a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Akira Kurosawa</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Rashomon" title="Rashomon">Rashomon</a></i> (1950) at a film festival, was inspired by it and wrote a play in the same narrative style, but the script was rejected by <a href="/wiki/All_India_Radio" title="All India Radio">All India Radio</a>; Meiyappan later agreed to produce it as the film that would later be titled <i>Andha Naal</i> under <a href="/wiki/AVM_Productions" title="AVM Productions">AVM Productions</a>. The screenplay was written by <a href="/wiki/Javar_Seetharaman" title="Javar Seetharaman">Javar Seetharaman</a>, who also played a prominent role as an investigative officer in the film. The cinematography was handled by <a href="/wiki/S._Maruti_Rao" title="S. Maruti Rao">S. Maruti Rao</a>, and the background score was composed by AVM's own music troupe, Saraswathy Stores Orchestra. The film was shorter than most contemporaneous Tamil films. It was the only film directed by Balachander for AVM. (<b><a href="/wiki/Andha_Naal" title="Andha Naal">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 13 Waiting is a 2015 Indian Hindi-language drama film directed by Anu Menon. Produced by Priti Gupta and Manish Mundra under the banner of Ishka Films and Drishyam Films respectively, the film was co-written by Menon and James Ruzicka, and stars Naseeruddin Shah and Kalki Koechlin. Waiting focuses on the relationship between two people from different walks of life who befriend each other in a hospital, while nursing their respective comatose spouses. Rajat Kapoor, Suhasini Maniratnam, Arjun Mathur, Ratnabali Bhattacharjee and Rajeev Ravindranathan play supporting roles in the film. The development of the film began in June 2014, when Menon signed Koechlin and Shah for an untitled project. Principal photography started in November 2014 in the South Indian coastal city of Kochi; Neha Parti served as the cinematographer for the film. New Zealand-based singer-songwriter Mikey McCleary composed the film's score. Nitin Baid and Apurva Asrani edited the film, and Atika Chohan wrote the dialogue. Waiting also marked the Hindi film debut of the prominent South Indian actress-director Suhasini Maniratnam. Koechlin also made her debut as a lyricist with the film's soundtrack, writing the song "Waiting for You". (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 13 Waiting is a 2015 Indian Hindi-language drama film directed by Anu Menon. Produced by Priti Gupta and Manish Mundra under the banner of Ishka Films and Drishyam Films respectively, the film was co-written by Menon and James Ruzicka, and stars Naseeruddin Shah and Kalki Koechlin. Waiting focuses on the relationship between two people from different walks of life who befriend each other in a hospital, while nursing their respective comatose spouses. Rajat Kapoor, Suhasini Maniratnam, Arjun Mathur, Ratnabali Bhattacharjee and Rajeev Ravindranathan play supporting roles in the film. The development of the film began in June 2014, when Menon signed Koechlin and Shah for an untitled project. Principal photography started in November 2014 in the South Indian coastal city of Kochi; Neha Parti served as the cinematographer for the film. New Zealand-based singer-songwriter Mikey McCleary composed the film's score. Nitin Baid and Apurva Asrani edited the film, and Atika Chohan wrote the dialogue. Waiting also marked the Hindi film debut of the prominent South Indian actress-director Suhasini Maniratnam. Koechlin also made her debut as a lyricist with the film's soundtrack, writing the song "Waiting for You". (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 13</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Waiting_(2015_film)" title="Waiting (2015 film)"><i>Waiting</i></a></b> is a 2015 Indian <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>-language <a href="/wiki/Drama_(film_and_television)" title="Drama (film and television)">drama film</a> directed by Anu Menon. Produced by Priti Gupta and Manish Mundra under the banner of Ishka Films and <a href="/wiki/Drishyam_Films" title="Drishyam Films">Drishyam Films</a> respectively, the film was co-written by Menon and James Ruzicka, and stars <a href="/wiki/Naseeruddin_Shah" title="Naseeruddin Shah">Naseeruddin Shah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kalki_Koechlin" title="Kalki Koechlin">Kalki Koechlin</a>. <i>Waiting</i> focuses on the relationship between two people from different walks of life who befriend each other in a hospital, while nursing their respective <a href="/wiki/Coma" title="Coma">comatose</a> spouses. <a href="/wiki/Rajat_Kapoor" title="Rajat Kapoor">Rajat Kapoor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suhasini_Maniratnam" title="Suhasini Maniratnam">Suhasini Maniratnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arjun_Mathur" title="Arjun Mathur">Arjun Mathur</a>, Ratnabali Bhattacharjee and <a href="/wiki/Rajeev_Ravindranathan" title="Rajeev Ravindranathan">Rajeev Ravindranathan</a> play supporting roles in the film.<br /><br />The development of the film began in June 2014, when Menon signed Koechlin and Shah for an untitled project. Principal photography started in November 2014 in the South Indian coastal city of <a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Kochi</a>; Neha Parti served as the <a href="/wiki/Cinematographer" title="Cinematographer">cinematographer</a> for the film. New Zealand-based singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Mikey_McCleary" title="Mikey McCleary">Mikey McCleary</a> composed the film's score. Nitin Baid and <a href="/wiki/Apurva_Asrani" title="Apurva Asrani">Apurva Asrani</a> <a href="/wiki/Film_editing" title="Film editing">edited</a> the film, and Atika Chohan wrote the dialogue. <i>Waiting</i> also marked the <a href="/wiki/Bollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollywood">Hindi film</a> debut of the prominent South Indian actress-director Suhasini Maniratnam. Koechlin also made her debut as a <a href="/wiki/Lyricist" title="Lyricist">lyricist</a> with the film's soundtrack, writing the song "Waiting for You". (<b><a href="/wiki/Waiting_(2015_film)" title="Waiting (2015 film)">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 14 Core area of Western Chalukya architectural activity in modern Karnataka state, India Western Chalukya architecture (Kannada: ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ), also known as Kalyani Chalukya or Later Chalukya architecture and broadly classified under the Vesara Style, is the distinctive style of ornamented architecture that evolved during the rule of the Western Chalukya Empire in the Tungabhadra region of modern central Karnataka, India, during the 11th and 12th centuries. Western Chalukyan political influence was at its peak in the Deccan Plateau during this period. The centre of cultural and temple-building activity lay in the Tungabhadra region, where large medieval workshops built numerous monuments. These monuments, regional variants of pre-existing dravida (South Indian) temples, form a climax to the wider regional temple architecture tradition called Vesara or Karnata dravida. Temples of all sizes built by the Chalukyan architects during this era remain today as examples of the architectural style. Most notable of the many buildings dating from this period are the Mahadeva Temple at Itagi in the Koppal district, the Kasivisvesvara Temple at Lakkundi in the Gadag district, the Mallikarjuna Temple at Kuruvatti in the Bellary district and the Kallesvara Temple at Bagali in the Davangere district. Other monuments notable for their craftsmanship include the Kaitabheshvara Temple in Kubatur and Kedareshvara Temple in Balligavi, both in the Shimoga district, the Siddhesvara Temple at Haveri in the Haveri district, the Amrtesvara Temple at Annigeri in the Dharwad district, the Sarasvati Temple in Gadag, and the Dodda Basappa Temple at Dambal, both in the Gadag district. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 14 Core area of Western Chalukya architectural activity in modern Karnataka state, India Western Chalukya architecture (Kannada: ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ), also known as Kalyani Chalukya or Later Chalukya architecture and broadly classified under the Vesara Style, is the distinctive style of ornamented architecture that evolved during the rule of the Western Chalukya Empire in the Tungabhadra region of modern central Karnataka, India, during the 11th and 12th centuries. Western Chalukyan political influence was at its peak in the Deccan Plateau during this period. The centre of cultural and temple-building activity lay in the Tungabhadra region, where large medieval workshops built numerous monuments. These monuments, regional variants of pre-existing dravida (South Indian) temples, form a climax to the wider regional temple architecture tradition called Vesara or Karnata dravida. Temples of all sizes built by the Chalukyan architects during this era remain today as examples of the architectural style. Most notable of the many buildings dating from this period are the Mahadeva Temple at Itagi in the Koppal district, the Kasivisvesvara Temple at Lakkundi in the Gadag district, the Mallikarjuna Temple at Kuruvatti in the Bellary district and the Kallesvara Temple at Bagali in the Davangere district. Other monuments notable for their craftsmanship include the Kaitabheshvara Temple in Kubatur and Kedareshvara Temple in Balligavi, both in the Shimoga district, the Siddhesvara Temple at Haveri in the Haveri district, the Amrtesvara Temple at Annigeri in the Dharwad district, the Sarasvati Temple in Gadag, and the Dodda Basappa Temple at Dambal, both in the Gadag district. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 14</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_Chalukya_Monuments.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6b/Western_Chalukya_Monuments.svg/220px-Western_Chalukya_Monuments.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6b/Western_Chalukya_Monuments.svg/330px-Western_Chalukya_Monuments.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6b/Western_Chalukya_Monuments.svg/440px-Western_Chalukya_Monuments.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1630" data-file-height="2356" /></a><figcaption>Core area of Western Chalukya architectural activity in modern <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> state, India</figcaption></figure><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukya_architecture" title="Western Chalukya architecture">Western Chalukya architecture</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Kannada_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada language">Kannada</a>: <span lang="kn">ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ</span>), also known as <b>Kalyani Chalukya</b> or <b>Later Chalukya</b> architecture and broadly classified under the <a href="/wiki/Vesara" title="Vesara">Vesara Style</a>, is the distinctive style of ornamented architecture that evolved during the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukya_Empire" title="Western Chalukya Empire">Western Chalukya Empire</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Tungabhadra" class="mw-redirect" title="Tungabhadra">Tungabhadra</a> region of modern central <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>, India, during the 11th and 12th centuries. Western Chalukyan political influence was at its peak in the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan Plateau</a> during this period. The centre of cultural and temple-building activity lay in the Tungabhadra region, where large medieval workshops built numerous monuments. These monuments, regional variants of pre-existing <a href="/wiki/Dravidian_architecture" title="Dravidian architecture">dravida</a> (South Indian) temples, form a climax to the wider regional temple architecture tradition called <a href="/wiki/Vesara" title="Vesara">Vesara</a> or <i>Karnata dravida</i>. Temples of all sizes built by the Chalukyan architects during this era remain today as examples of the architectural style.<br /><br />Most notable of the many buildings dating from this period are the <a href="/wiki/Mahadeva_Temple_(Itagi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahadeva Temple (Itagi)">Mahadeva Temple</a> at Itagi in the <a href="/wiki/Koppal_district" title="Koppal district">Koppal district</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kasivisvesvara_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasivisvesvara Temple">Kasivisvesvara Temple</a> at <a href="/wiki/Lakkundi" title="Lakkundi">Lakkundi</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Gadag_district" title="Gadag district">Gadag district</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mallikarjuna_Temple,_Kuruvatti" title="Mallikarjuna Temple, Kuruvatti">Mallikarjuna Temple</a> at Kuruvatti in the <a href="/wiki/Bellary_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Bellary district">Bellary district</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kalleshvara_Temple,_Bagali" title="Kalleshvara Temple, Bagali">Kallesvara Temple</a> at Bagali in the <a href="/wiki/Davangere_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Davangere district">Davangere district</a>. Other monuments notable for their craftsmanship include the <a href="/wiki/Kaitabheshvara_Temple,_Kubatur" title="Kaitabheshvara Temple, Kubatur">Kaitabheshvara Temple</a> in Kubatur and <a href="/wiki/Kedareshvara_Temple,_Balligavi" title="Kedareshvara Temple, Balligavi">Kedareshvara Temple</a> in Balligavi, both in the <a href="/wiki/Shimoga_district" title="Shimoga district">Shimoga district</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Siddhesvara_Temple" title="Siddhesvara Temple">Siddhesvara Temple</a> at <a href="/wiki/Haveri" title="Haveri">Haveri</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Haveri_district" title="Haveri district">Haveri district</a>, the Amrtesvara Temple at <a href="/wiki/Annigeri" title="Annigeri">Annigeri</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Dharwad_district" title="Dharwad district">Dharwad district</a>, the Sarasvati Temple in <a href="/wiki/Gadag" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadag">Gadag</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Dodda_Basappa_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Dodda Basappa Temple">Dodda Basappa Temple</a> at <a href="/wiki/Dambal" title="Dambal">Dambal</a>, both in the <a href="/wiki/Gadag_district" title="Gadag district">Gadag district</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukya_architecture" title="Western Chalukya architecture">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 15 Collins on an 1899 postcard Arthur Edward Jeune Collins (18 August 1885 – 11 November 1914) was an English cricketer and soldier. He held, for 116 years, the record of highest score in cricket: as a 13-year-old schoolboy, he scored 628 not out over four afternoons in June 1899. Collins's record-making innings drew a large crowd and increasing media interest; spectators at the Old Cliftonian match being played nearby were drawn away to watch the junior school house cricket match in which Collins was playing. Despite this achievement, Collins never played first-class cricket. Collins's 628 not out stood as the record score until January 2016 when an Indian boy, Pranav Dhanawade, scored 1009 in a single innings. Collins joined the British Army in 1902 and studied at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, before becoming an officer in the Royal Engineers. He served in France during the First World War, where he was killed in action in 1914 during the First Battle of Ypres. Collins had been mentioned in despatches and also represented the Royal Military Academy at cricket and rugby union. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 15 Collins on an 1899 postcard Arthur Edward Jeune Collins (18 August 1885 – 11 November 1914) was an English cricketer and soldier. He held, for 116 years, the record of highest score in cricket: as a 13-year-old schoolboy, he scored 628 not out over four afternoons in June 1899. Collins's record-making innings drew a large crowd and increasing media interest; spectators at the Old Cliftonian match being played nearby were drawn away to watch the junior school house cricket match in which Collins was playing. Despite this achievement, Collins never played first-class cricket. Collins's 628 not out stood as the record score until January 2016 when an Indian boy, Pranav Dhanawade, scored 1009 in a single innings. Collins joined the British Army in 1902 and studied at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, before becoming an officer in the Royal Engineers. He served in France during the First World War, where he was killed in action in 1914 during the First Battle of Ypres. Collins had been mentioned in despatches and also represented the Royal Military Academy at cricket and rugby union. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 15</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:AEJ_Collins_1899_postcard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/AEJ_Collins_1899_postcard.jpg/220px-AEJ_Collins_1899_postcard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="382" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/AEJ_Collins_1899_postcard.jpg/330px-AEJ_Collins_1899_postcard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/AEJ_Collins_1899_postcard.jpg/440px-AEJ_Collins_1899_postcard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="1020" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Collins on an 1899 postcard</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/A._E._J._Collins" title="A. E. J. Collins">Arthur Edward Jeune Collins</a></b> (18 August 1885 – 11 November 1914) was an English <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricketer</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">soldier</a>. He held, for 116 years, the record of highest score in cricket: as a 13-year-old schoolboy, he scored 628 <a href="/wiki/Not_out" title="Not out">not out</a> over four afternoons in June 1899. Collins's record-making <a href="/wiki/Innings" title="Innings">innings</a> drew a large crowd and increasing media interest; spectators at the <a href="/wiki/Clifton_College" title="Clifton College">Old Cliftonian</a> match being played nearby were drawn away to watch the junior school <a href="/wiki/House_system" title="House system">house</a> cricket match in which Collins was playing. Despite this achievement, Collins never played <a href="/wiki/First-class_cricket" title="First-class cricket">first-class cricket</a>. Collins's 628 not out stood as the record score until January 2016 when an Indian boy, <a href="/wiki/Pranav_Dhanawade" title="Pranav Dhanawade">Pranav Dhanawade</a>, scored 1009 in a single innings.<br /><br />Collins joined the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> in 1902 and studied at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_Academy,_Woolwich" title="Royal Military Academy, Woolwich">Royal Military Academy, Woolwich</a>, before becoming an <a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">officer</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Engineers" title="Royal Engineers">Royal Engineers</a>. He served in France during the First World War, where he was <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">killed in action</a> in 1914 during the <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Ypres" title="First Battle of Ypres">First Battle of Ypres</a>. Collins had been <a href="/wiki/Mentioned_in_despatches" class="mw-redirect" title="Mentioned in despatches">mentioned in despatches</a> and also represented the Royal Military Academy at cricket and <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/A._E._J._Collins" title="A. E. J. Collins">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 16 Gay at peak intensity before making landfall on India, on 8 November Typhoon Gay, also known as the Kavali Cyclone of 1989, was a small but powerful tropical cyclone which caused more than 800 fatalities in and around the Gulf of Thailand in November 1989. The worst typhoon to affect the Malay Peninsula in thirty-five years, Gay originated from a monsoon trough over the Gulf of Thailand in early November. Owing to favorable atmospheric conditions, the storm rapidly intensified, attaining winds over 120 km/h (75 mph) by 3 November. Later that day, Gay became the first typhoon since 1891 to make landfall in Thailand, striking Chumphon Province with winds of 185 km/h (115 mph). The small storm emerged into the Bay of Bengal and gradually reorganized over the following days as it approached southeastern India. On 8 November, Gay attained its peak intensity as a Category 5-equivalent cyclone with winds of 260 km/h (160 mph). The cyclone then moved ashore near Kavali, Andhra Pradesh. Rapid weakening ensued inland, and Gay dissipated over Maharashtra early on 10 November. The typhoon's rapid development took hundreds of vessels by surprise, leading to 275 offshore fatalities. Of these, 91 occurred after an oil drilling ship, the Seacrest, capsized amid 6–11 m (20–36 ft) swells. Across the Malay Peninsula, 588 people died from various storm-related incidents. Several towns in coastal Chumphon were destroyed. Losses throughout Thailand totaled ฿11 billion (US $497 million). Striking India as a powerful cyclone, Gay damaged or destroyed about 20,000 homes in Andhra Pradesh, leaving 100,000 people homeless. In that country, 69 deaths and ₹410 million (US $25.3 million) in damage were attributed to Gay. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 16 Gay at peak intensity before making landfall on India, on 8 November Typhoon Gay, also known as the Kavali Cyclone of 1989, was a small but powerful tropical cyclone which caused more than 800 fatalities in and around the Gulf of Thailand in November 1989. The worst typhoon to affect the Malay Peninsula in thirty-five years, Gay originated from a monsoon trough over the Gulf of Thailand in early November. Owing to favorable atmospheric conditions, the storm rapidly intensified, attaining winds over 120 km/h (75 mph) by 3 November. Later that day, Gay became the first typhoon since 1891 to make landfall in Thailand, striking Chumphon Province with winds of 185 km/h (115 mph). The small storm emerged into the Bay of Bengal and gradually reorganized over the following days as it approached southeastern India. On 8 November, Gay attained its peak intensity as a Category 5-equivalent cyclone with winds of 260 km/h (160 mph). The cyclone then moved ashore near Kavali, Andhra Pradesh. Rapid weakening ensued inland, and Gay dissipated over Maharashtra early on 10 November. The typhoon's rapid development took hundreds of vessels by surprise, leading to 275 offshore fatalities. Of these, 91 occurred after an oil drilling ship, the Seacrest, capsized amid 6–11 m (20–36 ft) swells. Across the Malay Peninsula, 588 people died from various storm-related incidents. Several towns in coastal Chumphon were destroyed. Losses throughout Thailand totaled ฿11 billion (US $497 million). Striking India as a powerful cyclone, Gay damaged or destroyed about 20,000 homes in Andhra Pradesh, leaving 100,000 people homeless. In that country, 69 deaths and ₹410 million (US $25.3 million) in damage were attributed to Gay. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 16</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gay_1989-11-08_0830Z.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Gay_1989-11-08_0830Z.jpg/220px-Gay_1989-11-08_0830Z.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Gay_1989-11-08_0830Z.jpg/330px-Gay_1989-11-08_0830Z.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Gay_1989-11-08_0830Z.jpg 2x" data-file-width="353" data-file-height="353" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Gay at peak intensity before making landfall on India, on 8 November</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Gay" title="Typhoon Gay">Typhoon Gay</a></b>, also known as the <b>Kavali Cyclone of 1989</b>, was a small but powerful <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone" title="Tropical cyclone">tropical cyclone</a> which caused more than 800 fatalities in and around the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Thailand" title="Gulf of Thailand">Gulf of Thailand</a> in November 1989. The worst typhoon to affect the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malay Peninsula</a> in thirty-five years, Gay originated from a <a href="/wiki/Monsoon_trough" title="Monsoon trough">monsoon trough</a> over the Gulf of Thailand in early November. Owing to favorable atmospheric conditions, the storm <a href="/wiki/Rapidly_intensified" class="mw-redirect" title="Rapidly intensified">rapidly intensified</a>, attaining winds over 120 km/h (75 mph) by 3 November. Later that day, Gay became the first typhoon since 1891 to make <a href="/wiki/Landfall" title="Landfall">landfall</a> in Thailand, striking <a href="/wiki/Chumphon_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Chumphon Province">Chumphon Province</a> with winds of 185 km/h (115 mph). The small storm emerged into the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a> and gradually reorganized over the following days as it approached southeastern India. On 8 November, Gay attained its peak intensity as a <a href="/wiki/Category_5_hurricane" class="mw-redirect" title="Category 5 hurricane">Category 5-equivalent</a> cyclone with winds of 260 km/h (160 mph). The cyclone then moved ashore near <a href="/wiki/Kavali" title="Kavali">Kavali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a>. Rapid weakening ensued inland, and Gay dissipated over <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> early on 10 November.<br /><br />The typhoon's rapid development took hundreds of vessels by surprise, leading to 275 offshore fatalities. Of these, 91 occurred after an oil drilling ship, the <i><a href="/wiki/Drillship_Seacrest" title="Drillship Seacrest">Seacrest</a></i>, capsized amid 6–11 m (20–36 ft) swells. Across the Malay Peninsula, 588 people died from various storm-related incidents. Several towns in coastal Chumphon were destroyed. Losses throughout Thailand totaled <span data-sort-value="7010110000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span><a href="/wiki/Thai_Baht" class="mw-redirect" title="Thai Baht">฿</a>11 billion (<span data-sort-value="7008496500000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>US $497 million). Striking India as a powerful cyclone, Gay damaged or destroyed about 20,000 homes in <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a>, leaving 100,000 people homeless. In that country, 69 deaths and <span data-sort-value="7008410000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>410 million (<span data-sort-value="7007252700000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>US $25.3 million) in damage were attributed to Gay. (<b><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Gay" title="Typhoon Gay">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 17 Nil Battey Sannata (lit. 'Zero Divided by Zero Equals Nothing'; slang for "Good for Nothing"), released internationally as The New Classmate, is a 2015 Indian Hindi-language comedy drama film directed by Ashwiny Iyer Tiwari in her feature debut. Produced by Aanand L. Rai, Ajay Rai, and Alan McAlex under the banners of Colour Yellow Productions and JAR Pictures, the film was co-written by Iyer, Neeraj Singh, Pranjal Choudhary, and Nitesh Tiwari. Swara Bhaskar starred as Chanda Sahay, a high-school drop-out household maid and single mother of a sullen young girl named Apeksha, played by Riya Shukla. The film's theme is a person's right to dream and change their lives, irrespective of social status. Released in India on 22 April 2016, Nil Battey Sannata was distributed by Eros International and garnered critical and audience acclaim. Reviewers praised most aspects of the production, especially its narrative and realism, and the performances of the cast, Bhaskar's in particular. At the 62nd Filmfare Awards, Iyer won the Filmfare Award for Best Debut Director, while Bhaskar and Shukla won the Screen Awards for Best Actress (Critics) and Best Child Artist respectively. The film did well at the box-office, collecting a total of around ₹69 million (US$830,000) during its entire theatrical run. The same year, the film was remade in Tamil as Amma Kanakku, with Iyer returning to direct. The following year, it was remade in Malayalam as Udaharanam Sujatha. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 17 Nil Battey Sannata (lit. 'Zero Divided by Zero Equals Nothing'; slang for "Good for Nothing"), released internationally as The New Classmate, is a 2015 Indian Hindi-language comedy drama film directed by Ashwiny Iyer Tiwari in her feature debut. Produced by Aanand L. Rai, Ajay Rai, and Alan McAlex under the banners of Colour Yellow Productions and JAR Pictures, the film was co-written by Iyer, Neeraj Singh, Pranjal Choudhary, and Nitesh Tiwari. Swara Bhaskar starred as Chanda Sahay, a high-school drop-out household maid and single mother of a sullen young girl named Apeksha, played by Riya Shukla. The film's theme is a person's right to dream and change their lives, irrespective of social status. Released in India on 22 April 2016, Nil Battey Sannata was distributed by Eros International and garnered critical and audience acclaim. Reviewers praised most aspects of the production, especially its narrative and realism, and the performances of the cast, Bhaskar's in particular. At the 62nd Filmfare Awards, Iyer won the Filmfare Award for Best Debut Director, while Bhaskar and Shukla won the Screen Awards for Best Actress (Critics) and Best Child Artist respectively. The film did well at the box-office, collecting a total of around ₹69 million (US$830,000) during its entire theatrical run. The same year, the film was remade in Tamil as Amma Kanakku, with Iyer returning to direct. The following year, it was remade in Malayalam as Udaharanam Sujatha. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 17</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nil_Battey_Sannata" title="Nil Battey Sannata">Nil Battey Sannata</a></b></i> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Zero Divided by Zero Equals Nothing</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>; slang for "Good for Nothing"), released internationally as <i><b>The New Classmate</b></i>, is a 2015 Indian <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>-language <a href="/wiki/Comedy_drama" title="Comedy drama">comedy drama</a> film directed by <a href="/wiki/Ashwiny_Iyer_Tiwari" title="Ashwiny Iyer Tiwari">Ashwiny Iyer Tiwari</a> in her feature debut. Produced by <a href="/wiki/Aanand_L._Rai" title="Aanand L. Rai">Aanand L. Rai</a>, Ajay Rai, and Alan McAlex under the banners of <a href="/wiki/Colour_Yellow_Productions" title="Colour Yellow Productions">Colour Yellow Productions</a> and <a href="/wiki/JAR_Pictures" title="JAR Pictures">JAR Pictures</a>, the film was co-written by Iyer, Neeraj Singh, Pranjal Choudhary, and <a href="/wiki/Nitesh_Tiwari" title="Nitesh Tiwari">Nitesh Tiwari</a>. <a href="/wiki/Swara_Bhaskar" class="mw-redirect" title="Swara Bhaskar">Swara Bhaskar</a> starred as Chanda Sahay, a high-school drop-out household maid and single mother of a sullen young girl named Apeksha, played by <a href="/wiki/Riya_Shukla" title="Riya Shukla">Riya Shukla</a>. The film's theme is a person's right to dream and change their lives, irrespective of social status.<br /><br />Released in India on 22 April 2016, <i>Nil Battey Sannata</i> was distributed by <a href="/wiki/Eros_International" title="Eros International">Eros International</a> and garnered critical and audience acclaim. Reviewers praised most aspects of the production, especially its narrative and realism, and the performances of the cast, Bhaskar's in particular. At the <a href="/wiki/62nd_Filmfare_Awards" title="62nd Filmfare Awards">62nd Filmfare Awards</a>, Iyer won the <a href="/wiki/Filmfare_Award_for_Best_Debut_Director" title="Filmfare Award for Best Debut Director">Filmfare Award for Best Debut Director</a>, while Bhaskar and Shukla won the <a href="/wiki/Screen_Awards" title="Screen Awards">Screen Awards</a> for Best Actress (Critics) and Best Child Artist respectively. The film did well at the box-office, collecting a total of around <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>69 million</span> (US$830,000) during its entire theatrical run. The same year, the film was remade in <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> as <i><a href="/wiki/Amma_Kanakku" title="Amma Kanakku">Amma Kanakku</a></i>, with Iyer returning to direct. The following year, it was remade in <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a> as <i><a href="/wiki/Udaharanam_Sujatha" title="Udaharanam Sujatha">Udaharanam Sujatha</a></i>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Nil_Battey_Sannata" title="Nil Battey Sannata">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 18 Kalidas (pronounced [kaːɭidaːs] transl. The Servant of Kali) is a 1931 Indian biographical film directed by H. M. Reddy and produced by Ardeshir Irani. It is notable for being the first sound film in the Tamil and Telugu languages, and the first sound film to be made in a Dravidian language. It was based on the life of the Sanskrit poet Kalidasa, hence its namesake; it featured P. G. Venkatesan in the title role and T. P. Rajalakshmi as the female lead, with L. V. Prasad, Thevaram Rajambal, T. Susheela Devi, J. Sushila, and M. S. Santhanalakshmi in supporting roles. Kalidas, principally in Tamil, contained additional dialogue in Telugu and Hindi. While Rajalakshmi spoke Tamil, Venkatesan spoke only Telugu due to his lack of fluency in Tamil, and Prasad spoke only Hindi. Despite its mythological theme, the film featured songs from much later time periods, such as the compositions of Carnatic musician Tyagaraja, publicity songs of the Indian National Congress, and songs about Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian independence movement. The sound was recorded using German-made technology. Kalidas was shot in Bombay on the sets of India's first sound film Alam Ara (1931) and was completed in eight days. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 18 Kalidas (pronounced [kaːɭidaːs] transl. The Servant of Kali) is a 1931 Indian biographical film directed by H. M. Reddy and produced by Ardeshir Irani. It is notable for being the first sound film in the Tamil and Telugu languages, and the first sound film to be made in a Dravidian language. It was based on the life of the Sanskrit poet Kalidasa, hence its namesake; it featured P. G. Venkatesan in the title role and T. P. Rajalakshmi as the female lead, with L. V. Prasad, Thevaram Rajambal, T. Susheela Devi, J. Sushila, and M. S. Santhanalakshmi in supporting roles. Kalidas, principally in Tamil, contained additional dialogue in Telugu and Hindi. While Rajalakshmi spoke Tamil, Venkatesan spoke only Telugu due to his lack of fluency in Tamil, and Prasad spoke only Hindi. Despite its mythological theme, the film featured songs from much later time periods, such as the compositions of Carnatic musician Tyagaraja, publicity songs of the Indian National Congress, and songs about Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian independence movement. The sound was recorded using German-made technology. Kalidas was shot in Bombay on the sets of India's first sound film Alam Ara (1931) and was completed in eight days. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 18</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kalidas_1931_Songbook.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Kalidas_1931_Songbook.JPG/220px-Kalidas_1931_Songbook.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="367" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Kalidas_1931_Songbook.JPG/330px-Kalidas_1931_Songbook.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Kalidas_1931_Songbook.JPG 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Kalidas_(film)" title="Kalidas (film)"><i>Kalidas</i></a></b> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ta-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tamil" title="Help:IPA/Tamil">[kaːɭidaːs]</a></span> <abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> The Servant of <a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">Kali</a></span>) is a 1931 Indian <a href="/wiki/Biographical_film" title="Biographical film">biographical film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/H._M._Reddy" title="H. M. Reddy">H. M. Reddy</a> and produced by <a href="/wiki/Ardeshir_Irani" title="Ardeshir Irani">Ardeshir Irani</a>. It is notable for being the first <a href="/wiki/Sound_film" title="Sound film">sound film</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu languages</a>, and the first sound film to be made in a <a href="/wiki/Dravidian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dravidian language">Dravidian language</a>. It was based on the life of the <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> poet <a href="/wiki/Kalidasa" title="Kalidasa">Kalidasa</a>, hence its namesake; it featured P. G. Venkatesan in the title role and <a href="/wiki/T._P._Rajalakshmi" title="T. P. Rajalakshmi">T. P. Rajalakshmi</a> as the female lead, with <a href="/wiki/L._V._Prasad" title="L. V. Prasad">L. V. Prasad</a>, Thevaram Rajambal, T. Susheela Devi, J. Sushila, and M. S. Santhanalakshmi in supporting roles.<br /><br /><i>Kalidas</i>, principally in Tamil, contained additional dialogue in Telugu and <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>. While Rajalakshmi spoke Tamil, Venkatesan spoke only Telugu due to his lack of fluency in Tamil, and Prasad spoke only Hindi. Despite its <a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">mythological</a> theme, the film featured songs from much later time periods, such as the compositions of <a href="/wiki/Carnatic_music" title="Carnatic music">Carnatic musician</a> <a href="/wiki/Tyagaraja" title="Tyagaraja">Tyagaraja</a>, publicity songs of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a>, and songs about <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a>. The sound was recorded using German-made technology. <i>Kalidas</i> was shot in <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Bombay</a> on the sets of India's first sound film <i><a href="/wiki/Alam_Ara" title="Alam Ara">Alam Ara</a></i> (1931) and was completed in eight days. (<b><a href="/wiki/Kalidas_(film)" title="Kalidas (film)">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 19 Kal Ho Naa Ho (transl. Tomorrow may never come, pronounced [kəl ɦoː naː ɦoː]), also abbreviated as KHNH, is a 2003 Indian Hindi-language romantic comedy drama film directed by Nikhil Advani in his directorial debut with a story written by Karan Johar with dialogue by Niranjan Iyengar, and produced by Yash Johar. The film stars Jaya Bachchan, Shah Rukh Khan, Saif Ali Khan, and Preity Zinta, with Sushma Seth, Reema Lagoo, Lillete Dubey, and Delnaaz Irani in supporting roles. In the film, Naina Catherine Kapur (Zinta) and Aman Mathur (Shah Rukh Khan) fall in love, but a secret prevents him from reciprocating his feelings and results in a plan to set Naina up with her best friend, Rohit Patel (Saif Ali Khan). Collaborating with Johar, Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy composed the soundtrack and score. Anil Mehta, Manish Malhotra, and Sharmishta Roy were the cinematographer, costume designer and art director, respectively. Principal photography took place in Toronto, New York City, and Mumbai from January to October 2003. The soundtrack was released on 27 September 2003 to positive reviews; the title song, "It's The Time To Disco", "Kuch To Hua Hai", and "Pretty Woman" were particularly well-received. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 19 Kal Ho Naa Ho (transl. Tomorrow may never come, pronounced [kəl ɦoː naː ɦoː]), also abbreviated as KHNH, is a 2003 Indian Hindi-language romantic comedy drama film directed by Nikhil Advani in his directorial debut with a story written by Karan Johar with dialogue by Niranjan Iyengar, and produced by Yash Johar. The film stars Jaya Bachchan, Shah Rukh Khan, Saif Ali Khan, and Preity Zinta, with Sushma Seth, Reema Lagoo, Lillete Dubey, and Delnaaz Irani in supporting roles. In the film, Naina Catherine Kapur (Zinta) and Aman Mathur (Shah Rukh Khan) fall in love, but a secret prevents him from reciprocating his feelings and results in a plan to set Naina up with her best friend, Rohit Patel (Saif Ali Khan). Collaborating with Johar, Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy composed the soundtrack and score. Anil Mehta, Manish Malhotra, and Sharmishta Roy were the cinematographer, costume designer and art director, respectively. Principal photography took place in Toronto, New York City, and Mumbai from January to October 2003. The soundtrack was released on 27 September 2003 to positive reviews; the title song, "It's The Time To Disco", "Kuch To Hua Hai", and "Pretty Woman" were particularly well-received. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 19</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kal_Ho_Naa_Ho" title="Kal Ho Naa Ho">Kal Ho Naa Ho</a></b></i> (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> Tomorrow may never come</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="hi-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">[kəl<span class="wrap"> </span>ɦoː<span class="wrap"> </span>naː<span class="wrap"> </span>ɦoː]</a></span>), also abbreviated as <i><b>KHNH</b></i>, is a 2003 Indian <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>-language <a href="/wiki/Romance_film" title="Romance film">romantic</a> <a href="/wiki/Comedy_drama" title="Comedy drama">comedy drama film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Nikkhil_Advani" title="Nikkhil Advani">Nikhil Advani</a> in his directorial debut with a story written by <a href="/wiki/Karan_Johar" title="Karan Johar">Karan Johar</a> with dialogue by <a href="/wiki/Niranjan_Iyengar" title="Niranjan Iyengar">Niranjan Iyengar</a>, and produced by <a href="/wiki/Yash_Johar" title="Yash Johar">Yash Johar</a>. The film stars <a href="/wiki/Jaya_Bachchan" title="Jaya Bachchan">Jaya Bachchan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shah_Rukh_Khan" title="Shah Rukh Khan">Shah Rukh Khan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saif_Ali_Khan" title="Saif Ali Khan">Saif Ali Khan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Preity_Zinta" title="Preity Zinta">Preity Zinta</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Sushma_Seth" title="Sushma Seth">Sushma Seth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reema_Lagoo" title="Reema Lagoo">Reema Lagoo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lillete_Dubey" title="Lillete Dubey">Lillete Dubey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Delnaaz_Irani" title="Delnaaz Irani">Delnaaz Irani</a> in supporting roles. In the film, Naina Catherine Kapur (Zinta) and Aman Mathur (Shah Rukh Khan) fall in love, but a secret prevents him from reciprocating his feelings and results in a plan to set Naina up with her best friend, Rohit Patel (Saif Ali Khan).<br /><br />Collaborating with Johar, <a href="/wiki/Shankar%E2%80%93Ehsaan%E2%80%93Loy" title="Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy">Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy</a> composed the soundtrack and score. <a href="/wiki/Anil_Mehta" title="Anil Mehta">Anil Mehta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manish_Malhotra" title="Manish Malhotra">Manish Malhotra</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sharmishta_Roy" title="Sharmishta Roy">Sharmishta Roy</a> were the cinematographer, costume designer and art director, respectively. <a href="/wiki/Principal_photography" title="Principal photography">Principal photography</a> took place in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a> from January to October 2003. The soundtrack was released on 27 September 2003 to positive reviews; the <a href="/wiki/Kal_Ho_Naa_Ho_(song)" title="Kal Ho Naa Ho (song)">title song</a>, "It's The Time To Disco", "Kuch To Hua Hai", and "Pretty Woman" were particularly well-received. (<b><a href="/wiki/Kal_Ho_Naa_Ho" title="Kal Ho Naa Ho">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 20 Territory of the Western Chalukyas (c. 1100 CE) in India (modern boundaries shown) and the empire's capital, Kalyani, in the modern Bidar district, Karnataka state, India A large body of Western Chalukya literature in the Kannada language was produced during the reign of the Western Chalukya Empire (973–1200 CE) in what is now southern India. This dynasty, which ruled most of the western Deccan in South India, is sometimes called the Kalyani Chalukya dynasty after its royal capital at Kalyani (now Basavakalyan), and sometimes called the Later Chalukya dynasty for its theoretical relationship to the 6th-century Chalukya dynasty of Badami. For a brief period (1162–1183), the Kalachuris of Kalyani, a dynasty of kings who had earlier migrated to the Karnataka region from central India and served as vassals for several generations, exploited the growing weakness of their overlords and annexed the Kalyani. Around 1183, the last Chalukya scion, Someshvara IV, overthrew the Kalachuris to regain control of the royal city. But his efforts were in vain, as other prominent Chalukya vassals in the Deccan, the Hoysalas, the Kakatiyas and the Seunas destroyed the remnants of the Chalukya power. Kannada literature from this period is usually categorised into the linguistic phase called Old-Kannada. It constituted the bulk of the Chalukya court's textual production and pertained mostly to writings relating to the socio-religious development of the Jain faith. The earliest well-known writers belonging to the Shaiva faith are also from this period. Under the patronage of Kalachuri King Bijjala II, whose prime minister was the well-known Kannada poet and social reformer Basavanna, a native form of poetic literature called Vachana literature (lit "utterance", "saying" or "sentence") proliferated. The beginnings of the Vachana poetic tradition in the Kannada-speaking region trace back to the early 11th century. Kannada literature written in the champu metre, composed of prose and verse, was popularised by the Chalukyan court poets. However, with the advent of the Veerashaiva (lit, "brave devotees of the god Shiva") religious movement in the mid-12th century, poets favoured the native tripadi (three-line verse composed of eleven ganas or prosodic units), hadugabba (song-poem) and free verse metres for their poems. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 20 Territory of the Western Chalukyas (c. 1100 CE) in India (modern boundaries shown) and the empire's capital, Kalyani, in the modern Bidar district, Karnataka state, India A large body of Western Chalukya literature in the Kannada language was produced during the reign of the Western Chalukya Empire (973–1200 CE) in what is now southern India. This dynasty, which ruled most of the western Deccan in South India, is sometimes called the Kalyani Chalukya dynasty after its royal capital at Kalyani (now Basavakalyan), and sometimes called the Later Chalukya dynasty for its theoretical relationship to the 6th-century Chalukya dynasty of Badami. For a brief period (1162–1183), the Kalachuris of Kalyani, a dynasty of kings who had earlier migrated to the Karnataka region from central India and served as vassals for several generations, exploited the growing weakness of their overlords and annexed the Kalyani. Around 1183, the last Chalukya scion, Someshvara IV, overthrew the Kalachuris to regain control of the royal city. But his efforts were in vain, as other prominent Chalukya vassals in the Deccan, the Hoysalas, the Kakatiyas and the Seunas destroyed the remnants of the Chalukya power. Kannada literature from this period is usually categorised into the linguistic phase called Old-Kannada. It constituted the bulk of the Chalukya court's textual production and pertained mostly to writings relating to the socio-religious development of the Jain faith. The earliest well-known writers belonging to the Shaiva faith are also from this period. Under the patronage of Kalachuri King Bijjala II, whose prime minister was the well-known Kannada poet and social reformer Basavanna, a native form of poetic literature called Vachana literature (lit "utterance", "saying" or "sentence") proliferated. The beginnings of the Vachana poetic tradition in the Kannada-speaking region trace back to the early 11th century. Kannada literature written in the champu metre, composed of prose and verse, was popularised by the Chalukyan court poets. However, with the advent of the Veerashaiva (lit, "brave devotees of the god Shiva") religious movement in the mid-12th century, poets favoured the native tripadi (three-line verse composed of eleven ganas or prosodic units), hadugabba (song-poem) and free verse metres for their poems. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 20</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Western_Chalukya_Empire_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Indian_Western_Chalukya_Empire_map.svg/299px-Indian_Western_Chalukya_Empire_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="299" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Indian_Western_Chalukya_Empire_map.svg/449px-Indian_Western_Chalukya_Empire_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Indian_Western_Chalukya_Empire_map.svg/598px-Indian_Western_Chalukya_Empire_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1639" data-file-height="1852" /></a><figcaption>Territory of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukyas" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Chalukyas">Western Chalukyas</a> (c. 1100 CE) in India (modern boundaries shown) and the empire's capital, <a href="/wiki/Basavakalyana" class="mw-redirect" title="Basavakalyana">Kalyani</a>, in the modern Bidar district, Karnataka state, India</figcaption></figure><br />A large body of <b><a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukya_literature_in_Kannada" title="Western Chalukya literature in Kannada">Western Chalukya literature</a></b> in the <a href="/wiki/Kannada_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada language">Kannada language</a> was produced during the reign of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukya_Empire" title="Western Chalukya Empire">Western Chalukya Empire</a> (973–1200 CE) in what is now <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">southern India</a>. This dynasty, which ruled most of the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">western Deccan</a> in South India, is sometimes called the Kalyani Chalukya dynasty after its royal capital at Kalyani (now <a href="/wiki/Basavakalyan" title="Basavakalyan">Basavakalyan</a>), and sometimes called the Later Chalukya dynasty for its theoretical relationship to the 6th-century <a href="/wiki/Chalukya_dynasty" title="Chalukya dynasty">Chalukya dynasty</a> of <a href="/wiki/Badami" title="Badami">Badami</a>. For a brief period (1162–1183), the <a href="/wiki/Kalachuris_of_Kalyani" title="Kalachuris of Kalyani">Kalachuris of Kalyani</a>, a dynasty of kings who had earlier migrated to the <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> region from central India and served as <a href="/wiki/Vassal" title="Vassal">vassals</a> for several generations, exploited the growing weakness of their overlords and annexed the Kalyani. Around 1183, the last Chalukya scion, <a href="/wiki/Someshvara_IV" title="Someshvara IV">Someshvara IV</a>, overthrew the Kalachuris to regain control of the royal city. But his efforts were in vain, as other prominent Chalukya vassals in the Deccan, the <a href="/wiki/Hoysalas" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoysalas">Hoysalas</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kakatiya_dynasty" title="Kakatiya dynasty">Kakatiyas</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Seuna_Yadavas_of_Devagiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri">Seunas</a> destroyed the remnants of the Chalukya power.<br /><br /><a href="/wiki/Kannada_literature" title="Kannada literature">Kannada literature</a> from this period is usually categorised into the linguistic phase called Old-Kannada. It constituted the bulk of the Chalukya court's textual production and pertained mostly to writings relating to the socio-religious development of the <a href="/wiki/Jain" class="mw-redirect" title="Jain">Jain</a> faith. The earliest well-known writers belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Shaiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaiva">Shaiva</a> faith are also from this period. Under the patronage of Kalachuri <a href="/wiki/Bijjala_II" title="Bijjala II">King Bijjala II</a>, whose prime minister was the well-known Kannada poet and <a href="/wiki/Reform_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Reform movement">social reformer</a> <a href="/wiki/Basavanna" class="mw-redirect" title="Basavanna">Basavanna</a>, a native form of poetic literature called <i><a href="/wiki/Vachana" class="mw-redirect" title="Vachana">Vachana</a></i> literature (<i>lit</i> "utterance", "saying" or "sentence") proliferated. The beginnings of the <i>Vachana</i> poetic tradition in the Kannada-speaking region trace back to the early 11th century. Kannada literature written in the <i><a href="/wiki/Champu" title="Champu">champu</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Meter_(poetry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Meter (poetry)">metre</a>, composed of prose and verse, was popularised by the Chalukyan court poets. However, with the advent of the <a href="/wiki/Veerashaiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Veerashaiva">Veerashaiva</a> (<i>lit</i>, "brave devotees of the god Shiva") religious movement in the mid-12th century, poets favoured the native <i><a href="/wiki/Tripadi" title="Tripadi">tripadi</a></i> (three-line verse composed of eleven <i>ganas</i> or prosodic units), <i>hadugabba</i> (song-poem) and <a href="/wiki/Free_verse" title="Free verse">free verse</a> metres for their poems. (<b><a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukya_literature_in_Kannada" title="Western Chalukya literature in Kannada">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 21 Sir Robert Eric Mortimer Wheeler CH CIE MC TD FRS FBA FSA (10 September 1890 – 22 July 1976) was a British archaeologist and officer in the British Army. Over the course of his career, he served as Director of both the National Museum of Wales and London Museum, Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India, and the founder and Honorary Director of the Institute of Archaeology in London, in addition to writing twenty-four books on archaeological subjects. Born in Glasgow to a middle-class family, Wheeler was raised largely in Yorkshire before moving to London in his teenage years. After studying classics at University College London (UCL), he began working professionally in archaeology, specialising in the Romano-British period. During World War I he volunteered for service in the Royal Artillery, being stationed on the Western Front, where he rose to the rank of major and was awarded the Military Cross. Returning to Britain, he obtained his doctorate from UCL before taking on a position at the National Museum of Wales, first as Keeper of Archaeology and then as Director, during which time he oversaw excavation at the Roman forts of Segontium, Y Gaer, and Isca Augusta with the aid of his first wife, Tessa Wheeler. Influenced by the archaeologist Augustus Pitt Rivers, Wheeler argued that excavation and the recording of stratigraphic context required an increasingly scientific and methodical approach, developing the "Wheeler method". In 1926, he was appointed Keeper of the London Museum; there, he oversaw a reorganisation of the collection, successfully lobbied for increased funding, and began lecturing at UCL. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 21 Sir Robert Eric Mortimer Wheeler CH CIE MC TD FRS FBA FSA (10 September 1890 – 22 July 1976) was a British archaeologist and officer in the British Army. Over the course of his career, he served as Director of both the National Museum of Wales and London Museum, Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India, and the founder and Honorary Director of the Institute of Archaeology in London, in addition to writing twenty-four books on archaeological subjects. Born in Glasgow to a middle-class family, Wheeler was raised largely in Yorkshire before moving to London in his teenage years. After studying classics at University College London (UCL), he began working professionally in archaeology, specialising in the Romano-British period. During World War I he volunteered for service in the Royal Artillery, being stationed on the Western Front, where he rose to the rank of major and was awarded the Military Cross. Returning to Britain, he obtained his doctorate from UCL before taking on a position at the National Museum of Wales, first as Keeper of Archaeology and then as Director, during which time he oversaw excavation at the Roman forts of Segontium, Y Gaer, and Isca Augusta with the aid of his first wife, Tessa Wheeler. Influenced by the archaeologist Augustus Pitt Rivers, Wheeler argued that excavation and the recording of stratigraphic context required an increasingly scientific and methodical approach, developing the "Wheeler method". In 1926, he was appointed Keeper of the London Museum; there, he oversaw a reorganisation of the collection, successfully lobbied for increased funding, and began lecturing at UCL. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 21</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Mortimer_Wheeler" title="Mortimer Wheeler">Sir Robert Eric Mortimer Wheeler</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Order_of_the_Companions_of_Honour" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour">CH</a> <a href="/wiki/Companion_of_the_Order_of_the_Indian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire">CIE</a> <a href="/wiki/Military_Cross" title="Military Cross">MC</a> <a href="/wiki/Territorial_Decoration" title="Territorial Decoration">TD</a> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_British_Academy" title="Fellow of the British Academy">FBA</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Society_of_Antiquaries_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London">FSA</a></span></span> (10 September 1890 – 22 July 1976) was a British <a href="/wiki/Archaeologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeologist">archaeologist</a> and officer in the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a>. Over the course of his career, he served as Director of both the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum of Wales">National Museum of Wales</a> and <a href="/wiki/London_Museum_(1912%E2%80%931976)" title="London Museum (1912–1976)">London Museum</a>, Director-General of the <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Survey_of_India" title="Archaeological Survey of India">Archaeological Survey of India</a>, and the founder and Honorary Director of the <a href="/wiki/UCL_Institute_of_Archaeology" title="UCL Institute of Archaeology">Institute of Archaeology</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, in addition to writing twenty-four books on archaeological subjects.<br /><br />Born in <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a> to a middle-class family, Wheeler was raised largely in <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a> before moving to London in his teenage years. After studying <a href="/wiki/Classics" title="Classics">classics</a> at <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a> (UCL), he began working professionally in archaeology, specialising in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Romano-British</a> period. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> he volunteered for service in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Artillery" title="Royal Artillery">Royal Artillery</a>, being stationed on the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a>, where he rose to the rank of <a href="/wiki/Major_(United_Kingdom)" title="Major (United Kingdom)">major</a> and was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Military_Cross" title="Military Cross">Military Cross</a>. Returning to Britain, he obtained his doctorate from UCL before taking on a position at the National Museum of Wales, first as Keeper of Archaeology and then as Director, during which time he oversaw <a href="/wiki/Excavation_(archaeology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Excavation (archaeology)">excavation</a> at the Roman forts of <a href="/wiki/Segontium" title="Segontium">Segontium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Y_Gaer" title="Y Gaer">Y Gaer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Isca_Augusta" title="Isca Augusta">Isca Augusta</a> with the aid of his first wife, <a href="/wiki/Tessa_Wheeler" title="Tessa Wheeler">Tessa Wheeler</a>. Influenced by the archaeologist <a href="/wiki/Augustus_Pitt_Rivers" title="Augustus Pitt Rivers">Augustus Pitt Rivers</a>, Wheeler argued that excavation and the recording of <a href="/wiki/Stratigraphy_(archaeology)" title="Stratigraphy (archaeology)">stratigraphic context</a> required an increasingly scientific and methodical approach, developing the "<a href="/wiki/Wheeler-Kenyon_method" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheeler-Kenyon method">Wheeler method</a>". In 1926, he was appointed Keeper of the London Museum; there, he oversaw a reorganisation of the collection, successfully lobbied for increased funding, and began lecturing at UCL. (<b><a href="/wiki/Mortimer_Wheeler" title="Mortimer Wheeler">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 22 Khan in 1991 Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan (17 January 1933 – 12 May 2003) was a French-born statesman and activist who served as United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 1966 to 1977, during which he reoriented the agency's focus beyond Europe and prepared it for an explosion of complex refugee issues. He was also a proponent of greater collaboration between non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and UN agencies. The Prince's interest in ecological issues led him to establish the Bellerive Foundation in the late 1970s, and he was a knowledgeable and respected collector of Islamic art. Born in Paris, France, he was the son of Sir Sultan Mahomed Shah Aga Khan and Princess Andrée Aga Khan. He married twice, but had no children of his own. Prince Sadruddin died of cancer at the age of 70, and was buried in Switzerland. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 22 Khan in 1991 Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan (17 January 1933 – 12 May 2003) was a French-born statesman and activist who served as United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 1966 to 1977, during which he reoriented the agency's focus beyond Europe and prepared it for an explosion of complex refugee issues. He was also a proponent of greater collaboration between non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and UN agencies. The Prince's interest in ecological issues led him to establish the Bellerive Foundation in the late 1970s, and he was a knowledgeable and respected collector of Islamic art. Born in Paris, France, he was the son of Sir Sultan Mahomed Shah Aga Khan and Princess Andrée Aga Khan. He married twice, but had no children of his own. Prince Sadruddin died of cancer at the age of 70, and was buried in Switzerland. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 22</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sadruddin_Aga_Khan_(1991)_by_Erling_Mandelmann.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Sadruddin_Aga_Khan_%281991%29_by_Erling_Mandelmann.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="300" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Khan in 1991</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Sadruddin_Aga_Khan" title="Sadruddin Aga Khan">Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan</a></b> (<span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 1933 – <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2003) was a French-born statesman and activist who served as <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a> from 1966 to 1977, during which he reoriented the agency's focus beyond Europe and prepared it for an explosion of complex refugee issues. He was also a proponent of greater collaboration between non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and UN agencies. The Prince's interest in ecological issues led him to establish the <i>Bellerive Foundation</i> in the late 1970s, and he was a knowledgeable and respected collector of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Islamic art</a>.<br /><br />Born in Paris, France, he was the son of <a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_III" title="Aga Khan III">Sir Sultan Mahomed Shah Aga Khan</a> and Princess Andrée Aga Khan. He married twice, but had no children of his own. Prince Sadruddin died of cancer at the age of 70, and was buried in Switzerland. (<b><a href="/wiki/Sadruddin_Aga_Khan" title="Sadruddin Aga Khan">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 23 Vidya in 2024 Vidya Balan (pronounced [ʋɪd̪ːja baːlən]; born 1 January 1979) is an Indian actress. Known for pioneering a change in the portrayal of women in Hindi cinema with her roles in female-led films, she is the recipient of several awards, including a National Film Award and seven Filmfare Awards. She was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India in 2014. Vidya aspired to a career in film from a young age and had her first acting role in the 1995 sitcom Hum Paanch. While pursuing a master's degree in sociology from the University of Mumbai, she made several unsuccessful attempts to start a career in film, and featured in television commercials and music videos. She made her film debut by starring in the Bengali film Bhalo Theko (2003) and received praise for her first Hindi film, the drama Parineeta (2005). This was followed by commercial successes in Lage Raho Munna Bhai (2006) and Bhool Bhulaiyaa (2007), but her subsequent roles failed to propel her career forward. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 23 Vidya in 2024 Vidya Balan (pronounced [ʋɪd̪ːja baːlən]; born 1 January 1979) is an Indian actress. Known for pioneering a change in the portrayal of women in Hindi cinema with her roles in female-led films, she is the recipient of several awards, including a National Film Award and seven Filmfare Awards. She was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India in 2014. Vidya aspired to a career in film from a young age and had her first acting role in the 1995 sitcom Hum Paanch. While pursuing a master's degree in sociology from the University of Mumbai, she made several unsuccessful attempts to start a career in film, and featured in television commercials and music videos. She made her film debut by starring in the Bengali film Bhalo Theko (2003) and received praise for her first Hindi film, the drama Parineeta (2005). This was followed by commercial successes in Lage Raho Munna Bhai (2006) and Bhool Bhulaiyaa (2007), but her subsequent roles failed to propel her career forward. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 23</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Vidya_Balan_at_BB3_interviews,_2024_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Vidya_Balan_at_BB3_interviews%2C_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Vidya_Balan_at_BB3_interviews%2C_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Vidya_Balan_at_BB3_interviews%2C_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Vidya_Balan_at_BB3_interviews%2C_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Vidya_Balan_at_BB3_interviews%2C_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Vidya_Balan_at_BB3_interviews%2C_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="742" data-file-height="972" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Vidya in 2024</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Vidya_Balan" title="Vidya Balan">Vidya Balan</a></b> (pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="hns-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">[ʋɪd̪ːja<span class="wrap"> </span>baːlən]</a></span>; born 1 January 1979) is an Indian actress. Known for pioneering a change in the portrayal of women in <a href="/wiki/Hindi_cinema" title="Hindi cinema">Hindi cinema</a> with her roles in female-led films, she is the recipient of <a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Vidya_Balan" title="List of awards and nominations received by Vidya Balan">several awards</a>, including a <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Awards" title="National Film Awards">National Film Award</a> and seven <a href="/wiki/Filmfare_Awards" title="Filmfare Awards">Filmfare Awards</a>. She was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Padma_Shri" title="Padma Shri">Padma Shri</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> in 2014.<br /><br />Vidya aspired to a career in film from a young age and had her first acting role in the 1995 sitcom <i><a href="/wiki/Hum_Paanch_(TV_series)" title="Hum Paanch (TV series)">Hum Paanch</a></i>. While pursuing a master's degree in sociology from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mumbai" title="University of Mumbai">University of Mumbai</a>, she made several unsuccessful attempts to start a career in film, and featured in television commercials and music videos. She made her film debut by starring in the <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_West_Bengal" title="Cinema of West Bengal">Bengali</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Bhalo_Theko" title="Bhalo Theko">Bhalo Theko</a></i> (2003) and received praise for her first Hindi film, the drama <i><a href="/wiki/Parineeta_(2005_film)" title="Parineeta (2005 film)">Parineeta</a></i> (2005). This was followed by commercial successes in <i><a href="/wiki/Lage_Raho_Munna_Bhai" title="Lage Raho Munna Bhai">Lage Raho Munna Bhai</a></i> (2006) and <i><a href="/wiki/Bhool_Bhulaiyaa" title="Bhool Bhulaiyaa">Bhool Bhulaiyaa</a></i> (2007), but her subsequent roles failed to propel her career forward. (<b><a href="/wiki/Vidya_Balan" title="Vidya Balan">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 24 Murray in 1928 Margaret Alice Murray FSA Scot FRAI (13 July 1863 – 13 November 1963) was an Anglo-Indian Egyptologist, archaeologist, anthropologist, historian, and folklorist. The first woman to be appointed as a lecturer in archaeology in the United Kingdom, she worked at University College London (UCL) from 1898 to 1935. She served as president of the Folklore Society from 1953 to 1955, and published widely over the course of her career. Born to a wealthy middle-class English family in Calcutta, British India, Murray divided her youth between India, Britain, and Germany, training as both a nurse and a social worker. Moving to London, in 1894 she began studying Egyptology at UCL, developing a friendship with department head Flinders Petrie, who encouraged her early academic publications and appointed her junior lecturer in 1898. In 1902–03, she took part in Petrie's excavations at Abydos, Egypt, there discovering the Osireion temple and the following season investigated the Saqqara cemetery, both of which established her reputation in Egyptology. Supplementing her UCL wage by giving public classes and lectures at the British Museum and Manchester Museum, it was at the latter in 1908 that she led the unwrapping of Khnum-nakht, one of the mummies recovered from the Tomb of two Brothers – the first time that a woman had publicly unwrapped a mummy. Recognising that British Egyptomania reflected the existence of a widespread public interest in Ancient Egypt, Murray wrote several books on Egyptology targeted at a general audience. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 24 Murray in 1928 Margaret Alice Murray FSA Scot FRAI (13 July 1863 – 13 November 1963) was an Anglo-Indian Egyptologist, archaeologist, anthropologist, historian, and folklorist. The first woman to be appointed as a lecturer in archaeology in the United Kingdom, she worked at University College London (UCL) from 1898 to 1935. She served as president of the Folklore Society from 1953 to 1955, and published widely over the course of her career. Born to a wealthy middle-class English family in Calcutta, British India, Murray divided her youth between India, Britain, and Germany, training as both a nurse and a social worker. Moving to London, in 1894 she began studying Egyptology at UCL, developing a friendship with department head Flinders Petrie, who encouraged her early academic publications and appointed her junior lecturer in 1898. In 1902–03, she took part in Petrie's excavations at Abydos, Egypt, there discovering the Osireion temple and the following season investigated the Saqqara cemetery, both of which established her reputation in Egyptology. Supplementing her UCL wage by giving public classes and lectures at the British Museum and Manchester Museum, it was at the latter in 1908 that she led the unwrapping of Khnum-nakht, one of the mummies recovered from the Tomb of two Brothers – the first time that a woman had publicly unwrapped a mummy. Recognising that British Egyptomania reflected the existence of a widespread public interest in Ancient Egypt, Murray wrote several books on Egyptology targeted at a general audience. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 24</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Margaret_Murray_1928c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Margaret_Murray_1928c.jpg/220px-Margaret_Murray_1928c.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Margaret_Murray_1928c.jpg/330px-Margaret_Murray_1928c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Margaret_Murray_1928c.jpg/440px-Margaret_Murray_1928c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="880" data-file-height="1255" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Murray in 1928</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Murray" title="Margaret Murray">Margaret Alice Murray</a></b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Society_of_Antiquaries_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland">FSA Scot</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Anthropological_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Royal Anthropological Institute">FRAI</a></span></span> (13 July 1863 – 13 November 1963) was an Anglo-Indian <a href="/wiki/Egyptologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptologist">Egyptologist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archaeologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeologist">archaeologist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthropologist" title="Anthropologist">anthropologist</a>, historian, and <a href="/wiki/Folklorist" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklorist">folklorist</a>. The first woman to be appointed as a lecturer in archaeology in the United Kingdom, she worked at <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a> (UCL) from 1898 to 1935. She served as president of the <a href="/wiki/Folklore_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore Society">Folklore Society</a> from 1953 to 1955, and published widely over the course of her career.<br /><br />Born to a wealthy middle-class English family in <a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a>, British India, Murray divided her youth between India, Britain, and Germany, training as both a nurse and a social worker. Moving to London, in 1894 she began studying Egyptology at UCL, developing a friendship with department head <a href="/wiki/Flinders_Petrie" title="Flinders Petrie">Flinders Petrie</a>, who encouraged her early academic publications and appointed her junior lecturer in 1898. In 1902–03, she took part in Petrie's <a href="/wiki/Excavation_(archaeology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Excavation (archaeology)">excavations</a> at <a href="/wiki/Abydos,_Egypt" title="Abydos, Egypt">Abydos, Egypt</a>, there discovering the <a href="/wiki/Osireion" title="Osireion">Osireion</a> temple and the following season investigated the <a href="/wiki/Saqqara" title="Saqqara">Saqqara</a> cemetery, both of which established her reputation in Egyptology. Supplementing her UCL wage by giving public classes and lectures at the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Museum" title="Manchester Museum">Manchester Museum</a>, it was at the latter in 1908 that she led the unwrapping of Khnum-nakht, one of the <a href="/wiki/Mummy" title="Mummy">mummies</a> recovered from the <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_two_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomb of two Brothers">Tomb of two Brothers</a> – the first time that a woman had publicly unwrapped a mummy. Recognising that British <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt_in_the_Western_imagination" title="Ancient Egypt in the Western imagination">Egyptomania</a> reflected the existence of a widespread public interest in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a>, Murray wrote several books on Egyptology targeted at a general audience. (<b><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Murray" title="Margaret Murray">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 25 The central image at Vithoba Temple in Pandharpur Vithoba (IAST: Viṭhobā), also known as Vitthala (IAST: Viṭṭhala), and Panduranga (IAST: Pāṇḍuraṅga), is a Hindu deity predominantly worshipped in the Indian state of Maharashtra and Karnataka. He is a form of the Hindu deity Vishnu in his avatar: Krishna. Vithoba is often depicted as a dark young boy, standing arms akimbo on a brick, sometimes accompanied by his consort Rakhumai. Vithoba is the focus of an essentially monotheistic, non-ritualistic bhakti-driven Varkari faith in Maharashtra and the Haridasa sect established in Dvaita Vedanta in Karnataka. Vithoba Temple, Pandharpur is his main temple. Vithoba legends revolve around his devotee Pundalik who is credited for bringing the deity to Pandharpur, and around Vithoba's role as a saviour to the poet-saints of the Varkari faith. The Varkari poet-saints are known for their unique genre of devotional lyric, the abhang, dedicated to Vithoba and composed in Marathi. Other devotional literature dedicated to Vithoba includes the Kannada hymns of the Haridasa and the Marathi versions of the generic aarti songs associated with rituals of offering light to the deity. The most important festivals of Vithoba are held on Shayani Ekadashi in the month of Ashadha, and Prabodhini Ekadashi in the month of Kartika. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 25 The central image at Vithoba Temple in Pandharpur Vithoba (IAST: Viṭhobā), also known as Vitthala (IAST: Viṭṭhala), and Panduranga (IAST: Pāṇḍuraṅga), is a Hindu deity predominantly worshipped in the Indian state of Maharashtra and Karnataka. He is a form of the Hindu deity Vishnu in his avatar: Krishna. Vithoba is often depicted as a dark young boy, standing arms akimbo on a brick, sometimes accompanied by his consort Rakhumai. Vithoba is the focus of an essentially monotheistic, non-ritualistic bhakti-driven Varkari faith in Maharashtra and the Haridasa sect established in Dvaita Vedanta in Karnataka. Vithoba Temple, Pandharpur is his main temple. Vithoba legends revolve around his devotee Pundalik who is credited for bringing the deity to Pandharpur, and around Vithoba's role as a saviour to the poet-saints of the Varkari faith. The Varkari poet-saints are known for their unique genre of devotional lyric, the abhang, dedicated to Vithoba and composed in Marathi. Other devotional literature dedicated to Vithoba includes the Kannada hymns of the Haridasa and the Marathi versions of the generic aarti songs associated with rituals of offering light to the deity. The most important festivals of Vithoba are held on Shayani Ekadashi in the month of Ashadha, and Prabodhini Ekadashi in the month of Kartika. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 25</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Syayambhuvithoba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Syayambhuvithoba.jpg/220px-Syayambhuvithoba.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="429" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Syayambhuvithoba.jpg/330px-Syayambhuvithoba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Syayambhuvithoba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="355" data-file-height="693" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">The central image at <a href="/wiki/Vithoba_Temple" title="Vithoba Temple">Vithoba Temple</a> in Pandharpur</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Vithoba" title="Vithoba">Vithoba</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/International_Alphabet_of_Sanskrit_Transliteration" title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration">IAST</a>: <i>Viṭhobā</i>), also known as <b>Vitthala</b> (<a href="/wiki/International_Alphabet_of_Sanskrit_Transliteration" title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration">IAST</a>: <i>Viṭṭhala</i>), and <b>Panduranga</b> (<a href="/wiki/International_Alphabet_of_Sanskrit_Transliteration" title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration">IAST</a>: <i>Pāṇḍuraṅga</i>), is a <a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Hindu deity</a> predominantly worshipped in the Indian state of <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>. He is a form of the Hindu deity <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> in his <a href="/wiki/Avatar" title="Avatar">avatar</a>: <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a>. Vithoba is often depicted as a dark young boy, standing arms akimbo on a brick, sometimes accompanied by his consort <a href="/wiki/Rakhumai" class="mw-redirect" title="Rakhumai">Rakhumai</a>.<br /><br />Vithoba is the focus of an essentially <a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">monotheistic</a>, non-ritualistic <a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">bhakti</a>-driven <a href="/wiki/Varkari" class="mw-redirect" title="Varkari">Varkari</a> faith in Maharashtra and the <a href="/wiki/Haridasa" title="Haridasa">Haridasa</a> sect established in <a href="/wiki/Dvaita_Vedanta" title="Dvaita Vedanta">Dvaita Vedanta</a> in Karnataka. <a href="/wiki/Vithoba_Temple,_Pandharpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Vithoba Temple, Pandharpur">Vithoba Temple, Pandharpur</a> is his main temple. Vithoba legends revolve around his devotee <a href="/wiki/Pundalik" title="Pundalik">Pundalik</a> who is credited for bringing the deity to Pandharpur, and around Vithoba's role as a saviour to the poet-saints of the Varkari faith. The Varkari poet-saints are known for their unique genre of devotional lyric, the <a href="/wiki/Abhang" title="Abhang">abhang</a>, dedicated to Vithoba and composed in <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a>. Other devotional literature dedicated to Vithoba includes the <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a> hymns of the Haridasa and the Marathi versions of the generic <a href="/wiki/Aarti" class="mw-redirect" title="Aarti">aarti</a> songs associated with rituals of offering light to the deity. The most important festivals of Vithoba are held on <a href="/wiki/Devshayani_Ekadashi" class="mw-redirect" title="Devshayani Ekadashi">Shayani Ekadashi</a> in the month of <a href="/wiki/Ashadha" title="Ashadha">Ashadha</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Prabodhini_Ekadashi" title="Prabodhini Ekadashi">Prabodhini Ekadashi</a> in the month of <a href="/wiki/Kartik_(month)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kartik (month)">Kartika</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Vithoba" title="Vithoba">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> </ul></div> <div class="noprint" style="margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:India/Recognized_content#Featured_articles" title="Portal:India/Recognized content">More featured articles</a></b></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:White;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid transparent;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#008000;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:0px 1px 0;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;padding-bottom:0.1em;moz-border-radius:0.5em 0.5em 0 0;webkit-border-radius:0.5em 0.5em 0 0;border-radius:0.5em 0.5em 0 0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:White;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Selected_pictures" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:White;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:110%;padding-bottom:.1em">Selected pictures</h2></div><div style="color:#2e2e2e;opacity:1;border:1px solid #FFBF00;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:0px;padding-top:0.1em;border-radius:0 0 0.5em 0.5em"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238452006">.mw-parser-output div.portalSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li.gallerycarousel>div>div>div>span:nth-child(2){display:none}.mw-parser-output div.portalSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li.gallerycarousel>div>div:nth-child(1){padding-top:0.3em;padding-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output div.portalSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li:nth-child(n/**/+2){display:none}.mw-parser-output div.portalSlideshow-container .gallery .gallerybox,.mw-parser-output div.portalSlideshow-container .gallery .gallerybox div{width:100%!important;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mw-gallery-slideshow-img-container>a[href="/wiki/File:Blank.png"]{display:none}.mw-parser-output .gallerytext{font-size:100%!important;text-align:left}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1021884966"><div class="randomSlideshow-container portalSlideshow-container" style="max-width:100%; margin:-4em auto;"><div class="nomobile"></div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-slideshow switcher-container"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nilgai_(Boselaphus_tragocamelus)_male.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 1 Nilgai Photograph credit: Charles J. Sharp The nilgai or blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus) is the largest Asian antelope and is endemic to the Indian subcontinent. The sole member of the genus Boselaphus, the species was described and given its binomial name by German zoologist Peter Simon Pallas in 1766. The nilgai stands 1–1.5 metres (3.3–4.9 ft) at the shoulder; males weigh 109–288 kilograms (240–635 lb), and the lighter females 100–213 kilograms (220–470 lb). A sturdy thin-legged antelope, the nilgai is characterised by a sloping back, a deep neck with a white patch on the throat, a short crest of hair along the neck terminating in a tuft, and white facial spots. A column of pendant coarse hair hangs from the dewlap ridge below the white patch. Sexual dimorphism is prominent – while females and juveniles are orange to tawny, adult males have a bluish-grey coat. Only males possess horns, which are 15–24 centimetres (5.9–9.4 in) in length. This picture shows a male nilgai in a potato field at Jamtra, in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 1 Nilgai Photograph credit: Charles J. Sharp The nilgai or blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus) is the largest Asian antelope and is endemic to the Indian subcontinent. The sole member of the genus Boselaphus, the species was described and given its binomial name by German zoologist Peter Simon Pallas in 1766. The nilgai stands 1–1.5 metres (3.3–4.9 ft) at the shoulder; males weigh 109–288 kilograms (240–635 lb), and the lighter females 100–213 kilograms (220–470 lb). A sturdy thin-legged antelope, the nilgai is characterised by a sloping back, a deep neck with a white patch on the throat, a short crest of hair along the neck terminating in a tuft, and white facial spots. A column of pendant coarse hair hangs from the dewlap ridge below the white patch. Sexual dimorphism is prominent – while females and juveniles are orange to tawny, adult males have a bluish-grey coat. Only males possess horns, which are 15–24 centimetres (5.9–9.4 in) in length. This picture shows a male nilgai in a potato field at Jamtra, in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Nilgai_%28Boselaphus_tragocamelus%29_male.jpg/120px-Nilgai_%28Boselaphus_tragocamelus%29_male.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Nilgai_%28Boselaphus_tragocamelus%29_male.jpg/180px-Nilgai_%28Boselaphus_tragocamelus%29_male.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Nilgai_%28Boselaphus_tragocamelus%29_male.jpg/240px-Nilgai_%28Boselaphus_tragocamelus%29_male.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4562" data-file-height="3041" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 1</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Nilgai" title="Nilgai">Nilgai</a></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;">Photograph credit: <a href="/wiki/User:Charlesjsharp" title="User:Charlesjsharp">Charles J. Sharp</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;">The <b><a href="/wiki/Nilgai" title="Nilgai">nilgai</a></b> or blue bull (<i>Boselaphus tragocamelus</i>) is the largest Asian <a href="/wiki/Antelope" title="Antelope">antelope</a> and is <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a> to the Indian subcontinent. The sole member of the genus <i>Boselaphus</i>, the species was <a href="/wiki/Species_description" title="Species description">described</a> and given its binomial name by German zoologist <a href="/wiki/Peter_Simon_Pallas" title="Peter Simon Pallas">Peter Simon Pallas</a> in 1766. The nilgai stands 1–1.5 metres (3.3–4.9 ft) at the shoulder; males weigh 109–288 kilograms (240–635 lb), and the lighter females 100–213 kilograms (220–470 lb). A sturdy thin-legged antelope, the nilgai is characterised by a sloping back, a deep neck with a white patch on the throat, a short crest of hair along the neck terminating in a tuft, and white facial spots. A column of pendant coarse hair hangs from the dewlap ridge below the white patch. <a href="/wiki/Sexual_dimorphism" title="Sexual dimorphism">Sexual dimorphism</a> is prominent – while females and juveniles are orange to tawny, adult males have a bluish-grey <a href="/wiki/Coat_(animal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat (animal)">coat</a>. Only males possess <a href="/wiki/Horn_(anatomy)" title="Horn (anatomy)">horns</a>, which are 15–24 centimetres (5.9–9.4 in) in length.<br /><br />This picture shows a male nilgai in a potato field at Jamtra, in the Indian state of <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a>.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:India/Selected_picture" title="Portal:India/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Murugan_by_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 2 Murugan Painting: Raja Ravi Varma Murugan, also known as Kartikeya, is the Hindu war god, worshiped particularly by Tamil Hindus. Murugan has a peacock as a mount and is often depicted with six heads and twelve arms holding a variety of weapons. His consorts, pictured here, are Valli and Deivayanai. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 2 Murugan Painting: Raja Ravi Varma Murugan, also known as Kartikeya, is the Hindu war god, worshiped particularly by Tamil Hindus. Murugan has a peacock as a mount and is often depicted with six heads and twelve arms holding a variety of weapons. His consorts, pictured here, are Valli and Deivayanai. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Murugan_by_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg/88px-Murugan_by_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Murugan_by_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg/132px-Murugan_by_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Murugan_by_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg/176px-Murugan_by_Raja_Ravi_Varma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2545" data-file-height="3474" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 2</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Murugan" class="mw-redirect" title="Murugan">Murugan</a></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;">Painting: <a href="/wiki/Raja_Ravi_Varma" title="Raja Ravi Varma">Raja Ravi Varma</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Murugan" class="mw-redirect" title="Murugan">Murugan</a></b>, also known as <i>Kartikeya</i>, is the <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> <a href="/wiki/War_god" class="mw-redirect" title="War god">war god</a>, worshiped particularly by <a href="/wiki/Tamil_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil people">Tamil</a> Hindus. Murugan has a peacock as a <a href="/wiki/Vahana" title="Vahana">mount</a> and is often depicted with six heads and twelve arms holding a variety of weapons. His consorts, pictured here, are <a href="/wiki/Valli" title="Valli">Valli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deivayanai" class="mw-redirect" title="Deivayanai">Deivayanai</a>.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:India/Selected_picture" title="Portal:India/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Leptosia_nina-Kadavoor-2017-05-04-003.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 3 Leptosia nina Photograph credit: Jeevan Jose Leptosia nina, known as the psyche, is a species of butterfly in the family Pieridae (the sulphurs, yellows and whites), found in the Indian subcontinent, southeastern Asia, and Australia. It has a small wingspan of 2.5 to 5 cm (1 to 2 in). The upper side of the otherwise white forewing has a large, somewhat pear-shaped, black spot; this spot is also present on the underside which is scattered with greenish dots and speckles, sometimes arranged in bands. This L. nina butterfly was photographed in Kerala, India. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 3 Leptosia nina Photograph credit: Jeevan Jose Leptosia nina, known as the psyche, is a species of butterfly in the family Pieridae (the sulphurs, yellows and whites), found in the Indian subcontinent, southeastern Asia, and Australia. It has a small wingspan of 2.5 to 5 cm (1 to 2 in). The upper side of the otherwise white forewing has a large, somewhat pear-shaped, black spot; this spot is also present on the underside which is scattered with greenish dots and speckles, sometimes arranged in bands. This L. nina butterfly was photographed in Kerala, India. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Leptosia_nina-Kadavoor-2017-05-04-003.jpg/120px-Leptosia_nina-Kadavoor-2017-05-04-003.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Leptosia_nina-Kadavoor-2017-05-04-003.jpg/180px-Leptosia_nina-Kadavoor-2017-05-04-003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Leptosia_nina-Kadavoor-2017-05-04-003.jpg/240px-Leptosia_nina-Kadavoor-2017-05-04-003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="3200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 3</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><i><a href="/wiki/Leptosia_nina" title="Leptosia nina">Leptosia nina</a></i></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;">Photograph credit: <a href="/wiki/User:Jkadavoor" title="User:Jkadavoor">Jeevan Jose</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Leptosia_nina" title="Leptosia nina">Leptosia nina</a></b></i>, known as the psyche, is a species of butterfly in the family <a href="/wiki/Pieridae" title="Pieridae">Pieridae</a> (the sulphurs, yellows and whites), found in the Indian subcontinent, southeastern Asia, and Australia. It has a small wingspan of 2.5 to 5 cm (1 to 2 in). The upper side of the otherwise white forewing has a large, somewhat pear-shaped, black spot; this spot is also present on the underside which is scattered with greenish dots and speckles, sometimes arranged in bands. This <i>L. nina</i> butterfly was photographed in <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, India.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:India/Selected_picture" title="Portal:India/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Taj_Mahal_Mosque,_Agra.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 4 Taj Mahal Mosque Photo: Muhammad Mahdi Karim The mosque at the Taj Mahal complex in Agra, India. This red sandstone building, on the western side of the complex, faces the west side of the mausoleum. In the forefront is a howz, meant for ablution. On the eastern side of the complex is the jawab ("answer"), a mirror image of the mosque except for the missing mihrab and different floor pattern; this jawab was mainly intended for architectural balance. Both were constructed in 1643. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 4 Taj Mahal Mosque Photo: Muhammad Mahdi Karim The mosque at the Taj Mahal complex in Agra, India. This red sandstone building, on the western side of the complex, faces the west side of the mausoleum. In the forefront is a howz, meant for ablution. On the eastern side of the complex is the jawab ("answer"), a mirror image of the mosque except for the missing mihrab and different floor pattern; this jawab was mainly intended for architectural balance. Both were constructed in 1643. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Taj_Mahal_Mosque%2C_Agra.jpg/120px-Taj_Mahal_Mosque%2C_Agra.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Taj_Mahal_Mosque%2C_Agra.jpg/180px-Taj_Mahal_Mosque%2C_Agra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Taj_Mahal_Mosque%2C_Agra.jpg/240px-Taj_Mahal_Mosque%2C_Agra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7698" data-file-height="3219" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 4</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Taj_Mahal" title="Taj Mahal">Taj Mahal Mosque</a></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;">Photo: <a href="/wiki/User:Muhammad_Mahdi_Karim" title="User:Muhammad Mahdi Karim">Muhammad Mahdi Karim</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;">The <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosque</a> at the <b><a href="/wiki/Taj_Mahal" title="Taj Mahal">Taj Mahal</a></b> complex in <a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a>, India. This red sandstone building, on the western side of the complex, faces the west side of the mausoleum. In the forefront is a <a href="/wiki/Howz" title="Howz">howz</a>, meant for ablution. On the eastern side of the complex is the <i>jawab</i> ("answer"), a mirror image of the mosque except for the missing <a href="/wiki/Mihrab" title="Mihrab">mihrab</a> and different floor pattern; this <i>jawab</i> was mainly intended for architectural balance. Both were constructed in 1643.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:India/Selected_picture" title="Portal:India/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mysore_Palace_Morning.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 5 Kingdom of Mysore Photograph: Muhammad Mahdi Karim Mysore Palace, the official residence and seat of the Wodeyars — the rulers of the Kingdom of Mysore. Located in southern India, the kingdom is traditionally believed to have been founded in 1399 as a vassal state to the Vijayanagara Empire before becoming independent in the 16th century. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 5 Kingdom of Mysore Photograph: Muhammad Mahdi Karim Mysore Palace, the official residence and seat of the Wodeyars — the rulers of the Kingdom of Mysore. Located in southern India, the kingdom is traditionally believed to have been founded in 1399 as a vassal state to the Vijayanagara Empire before becoming independent in the 16th century. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Mysore_Palace_Morning.jpg/120px-Mysore_Palace_Morning.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Mysore_Palace_Morning.jpg/180px-Mysore_Palace_Morning.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Mysore_Palace_Morning.jpg/240px-Mysore_Palace_Morning.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4407" data-file-height="2148" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 5</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Kingdom of Mysore">Kingdom of Mysore</a></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;">Photograph: <a href="/wiki/User:Muhammad_Mahdi_Karim" title="User:Muhammad Mahdi Karim">Muhammad Mahdi Karim</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Mysore_Palace" title="Mysore Palace">Mysore Palace</a>, the official residence and seat of the <a href="/wiki/Wodeyar_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Wodeyar dynasty">Wodeyars</a> — the <a href="/wiki/Maharaja_of_Mysore" title="Maharaja of Mysore">rulers</a> of the <b><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Kingdom of Mysore">Kingdom of Mysore</a></b>. Located in <a href="/wiki/Southern_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern India">southern India</a>, the kingdom is traditionally believed to have been founded in 1399 as a <a href="/wiki/Vassal_state" title="Vassal state">vassal state</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a> before becoming independent in the 16th century.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:India/Selected_picture" title="Portal:India/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Puttanna_Chetty_Town_Hall_Bangalore_Edit1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 6 Bangalore Town Hall Photo: Muhammad Mahdi Karim Bangalore Town Hall is a neoclassical municipal building in Bangalore, India. It is sometimes known, after a former president of Bangalore, as the Sir K. P. Puttanna Chetty Town Hall. Built by Mirza Ismail in 1935, it underwent renovations in 1990 at a cost of ₹6.5 million (US$371,400 at the time). More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 6 Bangalore Town Hall Photo: Muhammad Mahdi Karim Bangalore Town Hall is a neoclassical municipal building in Bangalore, India. It is sometimes known, after a former president of Bangalore, as the Sir K. P. Puttanna Chetty Town Hall. Built by Mirza Ismail in 1935, it underwent renovations in 1990 at a cost of ₹6.5 million (US$371,400 at the time). More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Sir_Puttanna_Chetty_Town_Hall_Bangalore_Edit1.jpg/120px-Sir_Puttanna_Chetty_Town_Hall_Bangalore_Edit1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Sir_Puttanna_Chetty_Town_Hall_Bangalore_Edit1.jpg/180px-Sir_Puttanna_Chetty_Town_Hall_Bangalore_Edit1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Sir_Puttanna_Chetty_Town_Hall_Bangalore_Edit1.jpg/240px-Sir_Puttanna_Chetty_Town_Hall_Bangalore_Edit1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2835" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 6</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Town_Hall" title="Bangalore Town Hall">Bangalore Town Hall</a></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;">Photo: <a href="/wiki/User:Muhammad_Mahdi_Karim" title="User:Muhammad Mahdi Karim">Muhammad Mahdi Karim</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Town_Hall" title="Bangalore Town Hall">Bangalore Town Hall</a></b> is a <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">neoclassical</a> municipal building in <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a>, India. It is sometimes known, after a former president of Bangalore, as the <i>Sir K. P. Puttanna Chetty Town Hall</i>. Built by <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ismail" title="Mirza Ismail">Mirza Ismail</a> in 1935, it underwent renovations in 1990 at a cost of <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>6.5 million</span> (US$371,400 at the time).</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:India/Selected_picture" title="Portal:India/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thamarai-Namam2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 7 Ayyavazhi Image credit: Vaikunda Raja The Lotus-Namam is the symbol of Ayyavazhi, a Dharmic belief system that originated in South India in the 19th century. The lotus represents the 1,008-petalled Sahasrara and the flame-shaped white Namam represents the Aanma Jyothi or ātman, sometimes translated as 'soul' or 'self'. The number of practitioners is estimated to be between 700,000 and 8,000,000, although the exact number is unknown, since Ayyavazhis are reported as Hindus during censuses. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 7 Ayyavazhi Image credit: Vaikunda Raja The Lotus-Namam is the symbol of Ayyavazhi, a Dharmic belief system that originated in South India in the 19th century. The lotus represents the 1,008-petalled Sahasrara and the flame-shaped white Namam represents the Aanma Jyothi or ātman, sometimes translated as 'soul' or 'self'. The number of practitioners is estimated to be between 700,000 and 8,000,000, although the exact number is unknown, since Ayyavazhis are reported as Hindus during censuses. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Thamarai-Namam2.png/117px-Thamarai-Namam2.png" decoding="async" width="117" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Thamarai-Namam2.png/176px-Thamarai-Namam2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Thamarai-Namam2.png/234px-Thamarai-Namam2.png 2x" data-file-width="2549" data-file-height="2610" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 7</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Ayyavazhi" title="Ayyavazhi">Ayyavazhi</a></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;">Image credit: <a href="/wiki/User:Vaikunda_Raja" title="User:Vaikunda Raja">Vaikunda Raja</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;">The Lotus-Namam is the symbol of <b><a href="/wiki/Ayyavazhi" title="Ayyavazhi">Ayyavazhi</a></b>, a <a href="/wiki/Dharmic" class="mw-redirect" title="Dharmic">Dharmic</a> belief system that originated in <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South India</a> in the 19th century. The <a href="/wiki/Nelumbo" title="Nelumbo">lotus</a> represents the 1,008-petalled <i><a href="/wiki/Sahasrara" title="Sahasrara">Sahasrara</a></i> and the flame-shaped white <a href="/wiki/Thirunamam" title="Thirunamam">Namam</a> represents the <i>Aanma Jyothi</i> or <i><a href="/wiki/%C4%80tman_(Hinduism)" title="Ātman (Hinduism)">ātman</a></i>, sometimes translated as 'soul' or 'self'. The number of practitioners is estimated to be between 700,000 and 8,000,000, although the exact number is unknown, since Ayyavazhis are reported as <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindus</a> during censuses.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:India/Selected_picture" title="Portal:India/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fire_breathing_2_Luc_Viatour.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 8 Fire breathing Photo credit: Luc Viatour A fire breather in the "Jaipur Maharaja Brass Band" of India. Fire breathing, which is said to have originated in India, is the act of creating a large flame by spraying, with one's mouth, a flammable liquid upon an open flame. A number of legendary creatures are said to possess innate capabilities for fire breathing, most notably dragons. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 8 Fire breathing Photo credit: Luc Viatour A fire breather in the "Jaipur Maharaja Brass Band" of India. Fire breathing, which is said to have originated in India, is the act of creating a large flame by spraying, with one's mouth, a flammable liquid upon an open flame. A number of legendary creatures are said to possess innate capabilities for fire breathing, most notably dragons. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Fire_breathing_2_Luc_Viatour.jpg/120px-Fire_breathing_2_Luc_Viatour.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Fire_breathing_2_Luc_Viatour.jpg/180px-Fire_breathing_2_Luc_Viatour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Fire_breathing_2_Luc_Viatour.jpg/240px-Fire_breathing_2_Luc_Viatour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3288" data-file-height="2416" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 8</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Fire_breathing_(circus_act)" title="Fire breathing (circus act)">Fire breathing</a></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;">Photo credit: <a href="/wiki/User:Lviatour" title="User:Lviatour">Luc Viatour</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;">A fire breather in the "Jaipur Maharaja Brass Band" of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. <b><a href="/wiki/Fire_breathing_(circus_act)" title="Fire breathing (circus act)">Fire breathing</a></b>, which is said to have originated in India, is the act of creating a large <a href="/wiki/Flame" title="Flame">flame</a> by spraying, with one's mouth, a <a href="/wiki/Flammable_liquid" title="Flammable liquid">flammable liquid</a> upon an open flame. A number of <a href="/wiki/Legendary_creature" title="Legendary creature">legendary creatures</a> are said to possess innate capabilities for fire breathing, most notably <a href="/wiki/Dragon" title="Dragon">dragons</a>.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:India/Selected_picture" title="Portal:India/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Pepper_(Piper_nigrum)_fruits.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 9 Black pepper Photo: K Hari Krishnan Unripe drupes of black pepper (Piper nigrum) at Trivandrum, Kerala, India. The drupes are cooked briefly in hot water. The heat ruptures cell walls in the pepper, speeding the work of browning enzymes during drying. The drupes are dried for several days, during which the pepper around the seed shrinks and darkens into a thin, wrinkled black layer. Once dried, the spice is called black peppercorn. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 9 Black pepper Photo: K Hari Krishnan Unripe drupes of black pepper (Piper nigrum) at Trivandrum, Kerala, India. The drupes are cooked briefly in hot water. The heat ruptures cell walls in the pepper, speeding the work of browning enzymes during drying. The drupes are dried for several days, during which the pepper around the seed shrinks and darkens into a thin, wrinkled black layer. Once dried, the spice is called black peppercorn. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Black_Pepper_%28Piper_nigrum%29_fruits.jpg/80px-Black_Pepper_%28Piper_nigrum%29_fruits.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Black_Pepper_%28Piper_nigrum%29_fruits.jpg/120px-Black_Pepper_%28Piper_nigrum%29_fruits.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Black_Pepper_%28Piper_nigrum%29_fruits.jpg/160px-Black_Pepper_%28Piper_nigrum%29_fruits.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="3750" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 9</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">Black pepper</a></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;">Photo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Kallidaimaniac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Kallidaimaniac (page does not exist)">K Hari Krishnan</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;">Unripe drupes of <b><a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">black pepper</a></b> (<i>Piper nigrum</i>) at <a href="/wiki/Trivandrum" class="mw-redirect" title="Trivandrum">Trivandrum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, India. The drupes are cooked briefly in hot water. The heat ruptures cell walls in the pepper, speeding the work of browning enzymes during drying. The drupes are dried for several days, during which the pepper around the seed shrinks and darkens into a thin, wrinkled black layer. Once dried, the spice is called black peppercorn.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:India/Selected_picture" title="Portal:India/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Luscinia_calliope_-_Pak_Chong_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 10 Siberian rubythroat Photograph: JJ Harrison The Siberian rubythroat (Luscinia calliope) is a small passerine bird generally considered to be an Old World flycatcher of the family Muscicapidae. This migratory insectivorous species breeds in mixed coniferous forest with undergrowth in Siberia, where it nests near the ground. It winters in Thailand, India and Indonesia. It is an extremely rare vagrant to Western Europe and the Aleutian Islands. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 10 Siberian rubythroat Photograph: JJ Harrison The Siberian rubythroat (Luscinia calliope) is a small passerine bird generally considered to be an Old World flycatcher of the family Muscicapidae. This migratory insectivorous species breeds in mixed coniferous forest with undergrowth in Siberia, where it nests near the ground. It winters in Thailand, India and Indonesia. It is an extremely rare vagrant to Western Europe and the Aleutian Islands. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Luscinia_calliope_-_Pak_Chong_2.jpg/120px-Luscinia_calliope_-_Pak_Chong_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Luscinia_calliope_-_Pak_Chong_2.jpg/180px-Luscinia_calliope_-_Pak_Chong_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Luscinia_calliope_-_Pak_Chong_2.jpg/240px-Luscinia_calliope_-_Pak_Chong_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5078" data-file-height="3386" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 10</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Siberian_rubythroat" title="Siberian rubythroat">Siberian rubythroat</a></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;">Photograph: <a href="/wiki/User:JJ_Harrison" title="User:JJ Harrison">JJ Harrison</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;">The <b><a href="/wiki/Siberian_rubythroat" title="Siberian rubythroat">Siberian rubythroat</a></b> (<i>Luscinia calliope</i>) is a small <a href="/wiki/Passerine" title="Passerine">passerine</a> <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">bird</a> generally considered to be an <a href="/wiki/Old_World_flycatcher" title="Old World flycatcher">Old World flycatcher</a> of the family Muscicapidae. This <a href="/wiki/Bird_migration" title="Bird migration">migratory</a> <a href="/wiki/Insectivore" title="Insectivore">insectivorous</a> species breeds in mixed <a href="/wiki/Pinophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinophyta">coniferous</a> forest with undergrowth in <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>, where it nests near the ground. It winters in <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>. It is an extremely rare vagrant to Western Europe and the Aleutian Islands.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:India/Selected_picture" title="Portal:India/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Glasshouse_and_fountain_at_lalbagh.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 11 Lal Bagh Photo: Muhammad Mahdi Karim The glass house at Lal Bagh, a botanical garden in Bangalore, India. The garden was commissioned by the ruler of Mysore, Hyder Ali in 1760, and completed during the reign of his son Tipu Sultan. The glass house was modeled on London's Crystal Palace and constructed at the end of the 19th century. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 11 Lal Bagh Photo: Muhammad Mahdi Karim The glass house at Lal Bagh, a botanical garden in Bangalore, India. The garden was commissioned by the ruler of Mysore, Hyder Ali in 1760, and completed during the reign of his son Tipu Sultan. The glass house was modeled on London's Crystal Palace and constructed at the end of the 19th century. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Glasshouse_and_fountain_at_lalbagh.jpg/120px-Glasshouse_and_fountain_at_lalbagh.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Glasshouse_and_fountain_at_lalbagh.jpg/180px-Glasshouse_and_fountain_at_lalbagh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Glasshouse_and_fountain_at_lalbagh.jpg/240px-Glasshouse_and_fountain_at_lalbagh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1130" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 11</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bagh" title="Lal Bagh">Lal Bagh</a></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;">Photo: <a href="/wiki/User:Muhammad_Mahdi_Karim" title="User:Muhammad Mahdi Karim">Muhammad Mahdi Karim</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;">The <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse" title="Greenhouse">glass house</a> at <b><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bagh" title="Lal Bagh">Lal Bagh</a></b>, a <a href="/wiki/Botanical_garden" title="Botanical garden">botanical garden</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a>, India. The garden was commissioned by the ruler of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Kingdom of Mysore">Mysore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyder_Ali" title="Hyder Ali">Hyder Ali</a> in 1760, and completed during the reign of his son <a href="/wiki/Tipu_Sultan" title="Tipu Sultan">Tipu Sultan</a>. The glass house was modeled on London's <a href="/wiki/The_Crystal_Palace" title="The Crystal Palace">Crystal Palace</a> and constructed at the end of the 19th century.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:India/Selected_picture" title="Portal:India/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Potter_at_work,_Jaura,_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 12 Potter Photo: Yann A potter at work in Jaura, Madhya Pradesh, India. Pottery, defined by ASTM International as "all fired ceramic wares that contain clay when formed, except technical, structural, and refractory products", originated during the Neolithic period. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 12 Potter Photo: Yann A potter at work in Jaura, Madhya Pradesh, India. Pottery, defined by ASTM International as "all fired ceramic wares that contain clay when formed, except technical, structural, and refractory products", originated during the Neolithic period. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Potter_at_work%2C_Jaura%2C_India.jpg/70px-Potter_at_work%2C_Jaura%2C_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Potter_at_work%2C_Jaura%2C_India.jpg/105px-Potter_at_work%2C_Jaura%2C_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Potter_at_work%2C_Jaura%2C_India.jpg/140px-Potter_at_work%2C_Jaura%2C_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2207" data-file-height="3787" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 12</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Potter" class="mw-disambig" title="Potter">Potter</a></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;">Photo: <a href="/wiki/User:Yann" title="User:Yann">Yann</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;">A <b><a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">potter</a></b> at work in Jaura, <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a>, India. Pottery, defined by <a href="/wiki/ASTM_International" title="ASTM International">ASTM International</a> as "all fired ceramic wares that contain clay when formed, except technical, structural, and refractory products", originated during the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> period.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:India/Selected_picture" title="Portal:India/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pomegranate_Juice_(2019).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 13 Pomegranate juice Photograph credit: Augustus Binu Pomegranate juice is a beverage made from the fruit of the pomegranate. It is used in cooking both as a fresh juice and as a concentrated syrup. The fruit originated in the region extending from Iran to northern India and has been cultivated since ancient times. The fruit has a hard outer husk and a spongy mesocarp in which the seeds in their fleshy seedcoats are embedded. Pomegranate juice can be sweet or sour, but most fruits are moderate in taste. The juice has long been a popular drink in Europe and the Middle East, and is now widely distributed in the United States and Canada. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 13 Pomegranate juice Photograph credit: Augustus Binu Pomegranate juice is a beverage made from the fruit of the pomegranate. It is used in cooking both as a fresh juice and as a concentrated syrup. The fruit originated in the region extending from Iran to northern India and has been cultivated since ancient times. The fruit has a hard outer husk and a spongy mesocarp in which the seeds in their fleshy seedcoats are embedded. Pomegranate juice can be sweet or sour, but most fruits are moderate in taste. The juice has long been a popular drink in Europe and the Middle East, and is now widely distributed in the United States and Canada. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Pomegranate_Juice_%282019%29.jpg/120px-Pomegranate_Juice_%282019%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Pomegranate_Juice_%282019%29.jpg/180px-Pomegranate_Juice_%282019%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Pomegranate_Juice_%282019%29.jpg/240px-Pomegranate_Juice_%282019%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3020" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 13</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Pomegranate_juice" title="Pomegranate juice">Pomegranate juice</a></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;">Photograph credit: <a href="/wiki/User:Mydreamsparrow" title="User:Mydreamsparrow">Augustus Binu</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Pomegranate_juice" title="Pomegranate juice">Pomegranate juice</a></b> is a beverage made from the fruit of the <a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">pomegranate</a>. It is used in cooking both as a fresh juice and as a concentrated syrup. The fruit originated in the region extending from Iran to northern India and has been cultivated since ancient times. The fruit has a hard outer husk and a spongy <a href="/wiki/Fruit_anatomy#Mesocarp" class="mw-redirect" title="Fruit anatomy">mesocarp</a> in which the seeds in their <a href="/wiki/Sarcotesta" title="Sarcotesta">fleshy seedcoats</a> are embedded. Pomegranate juice can be sweet or sour, but most fruits are moderate in taste. The juice has long been a popular drink in Europe and the Middle East, and is now widely distributed in the United States and Canada.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:India/Selected_picture" title="Portal:India/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ruins_of_the_Rudra_Mala_at_Siddhpur,_Gujarat,_retouched.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 14 Rudra Mahalaya Temple Photograph credit: Bourne & Shepherd; retouched by Yann Forget The Rudra Mahalaya Temple is an ancient temple complex at Siddhpur in the Patan district of Gujarat, India. The temple was completed in 1140 by Jayasimha Siddharaja, but in 1296, Alauddin Khalji sent an army under Ulugh Khan and Nusrat Khan, who dismantled the structure. In 1414 or 1415, the temple was further destroyed and the western part was converted into a congregational mosque by Muslim ruler Ahmad Shah I of the Muzaffarid dynasty. Apart from the mosque, the surviving fragments consist of two porches, a torana (ornamental gateway) and a few pillars. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 14 Rudra Mahalaya Temple Photograph credit: Bourne & Shepherd; retouched by Yann Forget The Rudra Mahalaya Temple is an ancient temple complex at Siddhpur in the Patan district of Gujarat, India. The temple was completed in 1140 by Jayasimha Siddharaja, but in 1296, Alauddin Khalji sent an army under Ulugh Khan and Nusrat Khan, who dismantled the structure. In 1414 or 1415, the temple was further destroyed and the western part was converted into a congregational mosque by Muslim ruler Ahmad Shah I of the Muzaffarid dynasty. Apart from the mosque, the surviving fragments consist of two porches, a torana (ornamental gateway) and a few pillars. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ruins_of_the_Rudra_Mala_at_Siddhpur%2C_Gujarat%2C_retouched.jpg/101px-Ruins_of_the_Rudra_Mala_at_Siddhpur%2C_Gujarat%2C_retouched.jpg" decoding="async" width="101" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ruins_of_the_Rudra_Mala_at_Siddhpur%2C_Gujarat%2C_retouched.jpg/151px-Ruins_of_the_Rudra_Mala_at_Siddhpur%2C_Gujarat%2C_retouched.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ruins_of_the_Rudra_Mala_at_Siddhpur%2C_Gujarat%2C_retouched.jpg/202px-Ruins_of_the_Rudra_Mala_at_Siddhpur%2C_Gujarat%2C_retouched.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2598" data-file-height="3092" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 14</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Rudra_Mahalaya_Temple" title="Rudra Mahalaya Temple">Rudra Mahalaya Temple</a></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;">Photograph credit: <a href="/wiki/Bourne_%26_Shepherd" title="Bourne & Shepherd">Bourne & Shepherd</a>; retouched by <a href="/wiki/User:Yann" title="User:Yann">Yann Forget</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;">The <b><a href="/wiki/Rudra_Mahalaya_Temple" title="Rudra Mahalaya Temple">Rudra Mahalaya Temple</a></b> is an ancient temple complex at <a href="/wiki/Siddhpur" title="Siddhpur">Siddhpur</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Patan_district" title="Patan district">Patan district</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, India. The temple was completed in 1140 by <a href="/wiki/Jayasimha_Siddharaja" title="Jayasimha Siddharaja">Jayasimha Siddharaja</a>, but in 1296, <a href="/wiki/Alauddin_Khalji" title="Alauddin Khalji">Alauddin Khalji</a> sent an army under <a href="/wiki/Ulugh_Khan" title="Ulugh Khan">Ulugh Khan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nusrat_Khan_Jalesari" title="Nusrat Khan Jalesari">Nusrat Khan</a>, who dismantled the structure. In 1414 or 1415, the temple was further destroyed and the western part was converted into a congregational mosque by Muslim ruler <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_I" title="Ahmad Shah I">Ahmad Shah I</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Muzaffarids_(Gujarat)" title="Muzaffarids (Gujarat)">Muzaffarid</a> dynasty. Apart from the mosque, the surviving fragments consist of two porches, a <a href="/wiki/Torana" title="Torana">torana</a> (ornamental gateway) and a few pillars.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:India/Selected_picture" title="Portal:India/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_rhinoceros_(Rhinoceros_unicornis)_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 15 Indian rhinoceros Photograph credit: Charles James Sharp The Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) is a species of rhinoceros that once ranged across the entire northern part of the Indian subcontinent. As a result of habitat destruction and climatic changes, its range was gradually reduced such that, by the 19th century, it survived only in southern Nepal, northern Uttar Pradesh, northern Bihar, northern West Bengal, and in the Brahmaputra Valley in Assam. The species's range has since shrunk further, and its habitat is surrounded by human-dominated landscapes, so that in many areas, it occurs in cultivated areas, pastures, and secondary forests. It is currently listed as a vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List. This adult male Indian rhinoceros was photographed on the banks of the Gandaki River in Nepal. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 15 Indian rhinoceros Photograph credit: Charles James Sharp The Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) is a species of rhinoceros that once ranged across the entire northern part of the Indian subcontinent. As a result of habitat destruction and climatic changes, its range was gradually reduced such that, by the 19th century, it survived only in southern Nepal, northern Uttar Pradesh, northern Bihar, northern West Bengal, and in the Brahmaputra Valley in Assam. The species's range has since shrunk further, and its habitat is surrounded by human-dominated landscapes, so that in many areas, it occurs in cultivated areas, pastures, and secondary forests. It is currently listed as a vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List. This adult male Indian rhinoceros was photographed on the banks of the Gandaki River in Nepal. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Indian_rhinoceros_%28Rhinoceros_unicornis%29_4.jpg/120px-Indian_rhinoceros_%28Rhinoceros_unicornis%29_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Indian_rhinoceros_%28Rhinoceros_unicornis%29_4.jpg/180px-Indian_rhinoceros_%28Rhinoceros_unicornis%29_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Indian_rhinoceros_%28Rhinoceros_unicornis%29_4.jpg/240px-Indian_rhinoceros_%28Rhinoceros_unicornis%29_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5246" data-file-height="3497" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 15</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Indian_rhinoceros" title="Indian rhinoceros">Indian rhinoceros</a></span></div><span style="font-size:85%;">Photograph credit: <a href="/wiki/User:Charlesjsharp" title="User:Charlesjsharp">Charles James Sharp</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;">The <b><a href="/wiki/Indian_rhinoceros" title="Indian rhinoceros">Indian rhinoceros</a></b> (<i>Rhinoceros unicornis</i>) is a species of <a href="/wiki/Rhinoceros" title="Rhinoceros">rhinoceros</a> that once ranged across the entire northern part of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>. As a result of habitat destruction and climatic changes, its range was gradually reduced such that, by the 19th century, it survived only in southern Nepal, northern <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>, northern <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a>, northern <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a>, and in the <a href="/wiki/Brahmaputra_Valley" title="Brahmaputra Valley">Brahmaputra Valley</a> in <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a>. The species's range has since shrunk further, and its habitat is surrounded by human-dominated landscapes, so that in many areas, it occurs in cultivated areas, pastures, and secondary forests. It is currently listed as a <a href="/wiki/Vulnerable_species" title="Vulnerable species">vulnerable species</a> on the <a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List</a>. This adult male Indian rhinoceros was photographed on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Gandaki_River" title="Gandaki River">Gandaki River</a> in Nepal.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:India/Selected_picture" title="Portal:India/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> </ul></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:White;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid transparent;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#008000;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:0px 1px 0;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;padding-bottom:0.1em;moz-border-radius:0.5em 0.5em 0 0;webkit-border-radius:0.5em 0.5em 0 0;border-radius:0.5em 0.5em 0 0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:White;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Featured_list_–_show_another" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:White;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:110%;padding-bottom:.1em"><span id="Featured_list_.E2.80.93_show_another"></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cscr-featured.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/23px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/35px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/46px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span> Featured list – <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:India&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white"><i>show another</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:#2e2e2e;opacity:1;border:1px solid #FFBF00;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:0px;padding-top:0.1em;border-radius:0 0 0.5em 0.5em"> <div style="text-align:center"><i><small>This is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FL" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:FL">Featured list</a>, which the Wikipedia community considers to be the best lists on English Wikipedia.</small></i></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r987512734"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1021884966"><div class="randomSlideshow-container excerptSlideshow-container" style="max-width:100%; margin:-4em auto;"><div class="nomobile"></div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-slideshow switcher-container"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 1 India is a union consisting of 28 states and 8 union territories. As of 2022, with an estimated population of 1.4 billion, India is the world's most populous country. India occupies 2.4% of the world's area and is home to 17.5% of the world's population. The Indo-Gangetic Plain has one of the world's biggest stretches of fertile not-deep alluvium and are among the most densely populated areas of the world. The eastern and western coastal regions of Deccan Plateau are also densely populated regions of India. The Thar Desert in western Rajasthan is one of the most densely populated deserts in the world. The northern and north-eastern states along the Himalayas contain cold arid deserts with fertile valleys. These states have relatively low population density due to indomitable physical barriers. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 1 India is a union consisting of 28 states and 8 union territories. As of 2022, with an estimated population of 1.4 billion, India is the world's most populous country. India occupies 2.4% of the world's area and is home to 17.5% of the world's population. The Indo-Gangetic Plain has one of the world's biggest stretches of fertile not-deep alluvium and are among the most densely populated areas of the world. The eastern and western coastal regions of Deccan Plateau are also densely populated regions of India. The Thar Desert in western Rajasthan is one of the most densely populated deserts in the world. The northern and north-eastern states along the Himalayas contain cold arid deserts with fertile valleys. These states have relatively low population density due to indomitable physical barriers. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 1</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> is a union consisting of <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">28 states and 8 union territories</a>. As of 2022, with an estimated population of 1.4 <a href="/wiki/1,000,000,000" title="1,000,000,000">billion</a>, India is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">world's most populous country</a>. India occupies 2.4% of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">world's area</a> and is home to 17.5% of the <a href="/wiki/World_population" title="World population">world's population</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Indo-Gangetic_Plain" title="Indo-Gangetic Plain">Indo-Gangetic Plain</a> has one of the world's biggest stretches of fertile not-deep <a href="/wiki/Alluvium" title="Alluvium">alluvium</a> and are among the most densely populated areas of the world. The <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Coastal_Plains" title="Eastern Coastal Plains">eastern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Coastal_Plains" title="Western Coastal Plains">western</a> coastal regions of <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan Plateau</a> are also densely populated regions of India. The <a href="/wiki/Thar_Desert" title="Thar Desert">Thar Desert</a> in western Rajasthan is one of the most densely populated deserts in the world. The northern and <a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">north-eastern states</a> along the <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a> contain cold arid deserts with fertile valleys. These states have relatively low population density due to indomitable physical barriers. (<b><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_population" title="List of states and union territories of India by population">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 2 The state president of the Indian National Congress is the state-level highest command of the Indian National Congress (INC), responsible for leading in political campaigns at state level. State presidents shoulder a diverse array of roles and responsibilities integral to the effective functioning of the party at the state-level. Also known as the leader of the state and union territory party, a state president is chosen by the party president. Being the higher decision-making body, state presidents actively contribute to the formulation of state-level policies, representing the party's stance on relevant issues and engaging in the development and implementation of election strategies during state elections. In addition, a state president is tasked with overseeing the organizational structure of the Pradesh Congress Committee, including the appointment and coordination of leaders at various levels, such as the district committee, block committee, and each panchayat development block or panchayat samiti. Serving as a spokesperson for the party in the state, they communicate the party's positions to the media and keep party members informed about policies and decisions. State presidents also play a pivotal role in building and maintaining the party's membership, reaching out to diverse sections of society and addressing their concerns to advance the party's agenda. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 2 The state president of the Indian National Congress is the state-level highest command of the Indian National Congress (INC), responsible for leading in political campaigns at state level. State presidents shoulder a diverse array of roles and responsibilities integral to the effective functioning of the party at the state-level. Also known as the leader of the state and union territory party, a state president is chosen by the party president. Being the higher decision-making body, state presidents actively contribute to the formulation of state-level policies, representing the party's stance on relevant issues and engaging in the development and implementation of election strategies during state elections. In addition, a state president is tasked with overseeing the organizational structure of the Pradesh Congress Committee, including the appointment and coordination of leaders at various levels, such as the district committee, block committee, and each panchayat development block or panchayat samiti. Serving as a spokesperson for the party in the state, they communicate the party's positions to the media and keep party members informed about policies and decisions. State presidents also play a pivotal role in building and maintaining the party's membership, reaching out to diverse sections of society and addressing their concerns to advance the party's agenda. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 2</span></span><div style="text-align:left;">The <b><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_presidents_of_the_Indian_National_Congress" title="List of state presidents of the Indian National Congress">state president of the Indian National Congress</a></b> is the <a href="/wiki/Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Pradesh Congress Committee">state-level</a> highest command of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> (INC), responsible for leading in political campaigns at state level. State presidents shoulder a diverse array of roles and responsibilities integral to the effective functioning of the party at the state-level. Also known as the leader of the <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">state and union territory</a> party, a state president is chosen by the <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Indian_National_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="List of presidents of the Indian National Congress">party president</a>.<br /><br />Being the higher decision-making body, state presidents actively contribute to the formulation of state-level policies, representing the party's stance on relevant issues and engaging in the development and implementation of election strategies during state elections. In addition, a state president is tasked with overseeing the organizational structure of the <a href="/wiki/Pradesh_Congress_Committee" title="Pradesh Congress Committee">Pradesh Congress Committee</a>, including the appointment and coordination of leaders at various levels, such as the district committee, block committee, and each panchayat development block or <i><a href="/wiki/Panchayat_samiti" title="Panchayat samiti">panchayat samiti</a></i>. Serving as a spokesperson for the party in the state, they communicate the party's positions to the media and keep party members informed about policies and decisions. State presidents also play a pivotal role in building and maintaining the party's membership, reaching out to diverse sections of society and addressing their concerns to advance the party's agenda. (<b><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_presidents_of_the_Indian_National_Congress" title="List of state presidents of the Indian National Congress">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 3 The Padma Bhushan is the third-highest civilian award of the Republic of India. Instituted on 2 January 1954, the award is given for "distinguished service of a high order", without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. The recipients receive a Sanad, a certificate signed by the President of India and a circular-shaped medallion with no monetary association. The recipients are announced every year on Republic Day (26 January) and registered in The Gazette of India—a publication used for official government notices and released weekly by the Department of Publication, under the Ministry of Urban Development. The conferral of the award is not considered official without its publication in the Gazette. The names of recipients whose awards have been revoked or restored, both of which processes require the authority of the president, are archived and they are required to surrender their medal when their name is struck from the register; none of the conferments of Padma Bhushan during 2000–2009 have been revoked or restored. The recommendations are received from all the state and the union territory governments, as well as from Ministries of the Government of India, the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan awardees, the Institutes of Excellence, the Ministers, the Chief Ministers and the Governors of State, and the Members of Parliament including private individuals. When instituted in 1954, the Padma Bhushan was classified as "Dusra Varg" (Class II) under the three-tier Padma Vibhushan awards, which were preceded by the Bharat Ratna in hierarchy. On 15 January 1955, the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards as the Padma Vibhushan, the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Shri. The criteria included "distinguished service of a high order in any field including service rendered by Government servants", but excluded those working with the public sector undertakings with the exception of doctors and scientists. The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous awards; this was subsequently modified in the January 1955 statute. The design was also changed to the form that is currently in use; it portrays a circular-shaped toned bronze medallion 1+3⁄4 inches (44 mm) in diameter and 1⁄8 inch (3.2 mm) thick. The centrally placed pattern made of outer lines of a square of 1+3⁄16 inches (30 mm) side is embossed with a knob carved within each of the outer angles of the pattern. A raised circular space of diameter 1+1⁄16 inches (27 mm) is placed at the centre of the decoration. A centrally located lotus flower is embossed on the obverse side of the medal and the text "Padma" is placed above and the text "Bhushan" is placed below the lotus written in Devanagari script. The State Emblem of India is displayed in the centre of the reverse side, together with the national motto of India, "Satyameva Jayate" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari script, which is inscribed on the lower edge. The rim, the edges and all embossing on either side is of standard gold with the text "Padma Bhushan" of gold gilt. The medal is suspended by a pink riband 1+1⁄4 inches (32 mm) in width with a broad white stripe in the middle. It is ranked fifth in the order of precedence of wearing of medals and decorations of the Indian civilian and military awards. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 3 The Padma Bhushan is the third-highest civilian award of the Republic of India. Instituted on 2 January 1954, the award is given for "distinguished service of a high order", without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. The recipients receive a Sanad, a certificate signed by the President of India and a circular-shaped medallion with no monetary association. The recipients are announced every year on Republic Day (26 January) and registered in The Gazette of India—a publication used for official government notices and released weekly by the Department of Publication, under the Ministry of Urban Development. The conferral of the award is not considered official without its publication in the Gazette. The names of recipients whose awards have been revoked or restored, both of which processes require the authority of the president, are archived and they are required to surrender their medal when their name is struck from the register; none of the conferments of Padma Bhushan during 2000–2009 have been revoked or restored. The recommendations are received from all the state and the union territory governments, as well as from Ministries of the Government of India, the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan awardees, the Institutes of Excellence, the Ministers, the Chief Ministers and the Governors of State, and the Members of Parliament including private individuals. When instituted in 1954, the Padma Bhushan was classified as "Dusra Varg" (Class II) under the three-tier Padma Vibhushan awards, which were preceded by the Bharat Ratna in hierarchy. On 15 January 1955, the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards as the Padma Vibhushan, the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Shri. The criteria included "distinguished service of a high order in any field including service rendered by Government servants", but excluded those working with the public sector undertakings with the exception of doctors and scientists. The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous awards; this was subsequently modified in the January 1955 statute. The design was also changed to the form that is currently in use; it portrays a circular-shaped toned bronze medallion 1+3⁄4 inches (44 mm) in diameter and 1⁄8 inch (3.2 mm) thick. The centrally placed pattern made of outer lines of a square of 1+3⁄16 inches (30 mm) side is embossed with a knob carved within each of the outer angles of the pattern. A raised circular space of diameter 1+1⁄16 inches (27 mm) is placed at the centre of the decoration. A centrally located lotus flower is embossed on the obverse side of the medal and the text "Padma" is placed above and the text "Bhushan" is placed below the lotus written in Devanagari script. The State Emblem of India is displayed in the centre of the reverse side, together with the national motto of India, "Satyameva Jayate" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari script, which is inscribed on the lower edge. The rim, the edges and all embossing on either side is of standard gold with the text "Padma Bhushan" of gold gilt. The medal is suspended by a pink riband 1+1⁄4 inches (32 mm) in width with a broad white stripe in the middle. It is ranked fifth in the order of precedence of wearing of medals and decorations of the Indian civilian and military awards. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 3</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Padma_Bhushan_India_IIe_Klasse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Padma_Bhushan_India_IIe_Klasse.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="319" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="129" data-file-height="319" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br />The <a href="/wiki/Padma_Bhushan" title="Padma Bhushan">Padma Bhushan</a> is the third-highest <a href="/wiki/Indian_honours_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian honours system">civilian award</a> of the <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Republic of India</a>. Instituted on 2<span class="nowrap"> </span>January 1954, the award is given for "distinguished service of a high order", without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. The recipients receive a <i>Sanad</i>, a certificate signed by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a> and a circular-shaped medallion with no monetary association. The recipients are announced every year on <a href="/wiki/Republic_Day_(India)" title="Republic Day (India)">Republic Day</a> (26<span class="nowrap"> </span>January) and registered in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Gazette_of_India" title="The Gazette of India">The Gazette of India</a></i>—a publication used for official government notices and released weekly by the Department of Publication, under the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing_and_Urban_Affairs" title="Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs">Ministry of Urban Development</a>. The conferral of the award is not considered official without its publication in the <i>Gazette</i>. The names of recipients whose awards have been revoked or restored, both of which processes require the authority of the president, are archived and they are required to surrender their medal when their name is struck from the register; none of the conferments of Padma Bhushan during 2000–2009 have been revoked or restored. The recommendations are received from all the <a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_India" title="State governments of India">state and the union territory governments</a>, as well as from <a href="/wiki/Union_Government_ministries_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Government ministries of India">Ministries of the Government of India</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Ratna" title="Bharat Ratna">Bharat Ratna</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Vibhushan_award_recipients" title="List of Padma Vibhushan award recipients">Padma Vibhushan awardees</a>, the Institutes of Excellence, the Ministers, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_chief_ministers" title="List of current Indian chief ministers">Chief Ministers</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_governors" title="List of current Indian governors">Governors of State</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(India)" title="Member of Parliament (India)">Members of Parliament</a> including private individuals.<br /><br />When instituted in 1954, the Padma Bhushan was classified as "Dusra Varg" (Class II) under the three-tier <a href="/wiki/Padma_Vibhushan" title="Padma Vibhushan">Padma Vibhushan</a> awards, which were preceded by the Bharat Ratna in hierarchy. On 15<span class="nowrap"> </span>January 1955, the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards as the Padma Vibhushan, the Padma Bhushan and the <a href="/wiki/Padma_Shri" title="Padma Shri">Padma Shri</a>. The criteria included "distinguished service of a high order in any field including service rendered by Government servants", but excluded those working with the <a href="/wiki/Public_sector_undertakings_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Public sector undertakings in India">public sector undertakings</a> with the exception of doctors and scientists. The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous awards; this was subsequently modified in the January 1955 statute. The design was also changed to the form that is currently in use; it portrays a circular-shaped toned bronze medallion <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> inches (44 mm) in diameter and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> inch (3.2 mm) thick. The centrally placed pattern made of outer lines of a square of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> inches (30 mm) side is embossed with a knob carved within each of the outer angles of the pattern. A raised circular space of diameter <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> inches (27 mm) is placed at the centre of the decoration. A centrally located lotus flower is embossed on the obverse side of the medal and the text "Padma" is placed above and the text "Bhushan" is placed below the lotus written in <a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> script. The <a href="/wiki/State_Emblem_of_India" title="State Emblem of India">State Emblem of India</a> is displayed in the centre of the reverse side, together with the national motto of India, "<a href="/wiki/Satyameva_Jayate" title="Satyameva Jayate">Satyameva Jayate</a>" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari script, which is inscribed on the lower edge. The rim, the edges and all embossing on either side is of standard gold with the text "Padma Bhushan" of gold gilt. The medal is suspended by a pink riband <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> inches (32 mm) in width with a broad white stripe in the middle. It is ranked fifth in the order of precedence of wearing of medals and decorations of <a href="/wiki/Indian_honours_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian honours system">the Indian civilian and military awards</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(2000%E2%80%932009)" title="List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (2000–2009)">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 4 Ranaut in 2024 Kangana Ranaut is an Indian actress and filmmaker who predominantly works in Hindi films, in addition to a few Tamil films. She has received four National Film Awards, five Filmfare Awards, three International Indian Film Academy Awards, and one award each from the Screen, Zee Cine, SIIMA, and Producers Guild award ceremonies. Ranaut made her acting debut in 2006 with a leading role in the romantic thriller Gangster, winning the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut. Her portrayals of a character based on actress Parveen Babi in Woh Lamhe (2006) and a shrewd socialite in Life in a... Metro (2007) were lauded, with the latter earning her a Stardust Award for Breakthrough Performance – Female. She won the National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress and a Filmfare Award in the same category for playing a substance abusing supermodel in the drama Fashion (2008). Also in 2008, she featured in the Tamil film Dhaam Dhoom. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 4 Ranaut in 2024 Kangana Ranaut is an Indian actress and filmmaker who predominantly works in Hindi films, in addition to a few Tamil films. She has received four National Film Awards, five Filmfare Awards, three International Indian Film Academy Awards, and one award each from the Screen, Zee Cine, SIIMA, and Producers Guild award ceremonies. Ranaut made her acting debut in 2006 with a leading role in the romantic thriller Gangster, winning the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut. Her portrayals of a character based on actress Parveen Babi in Woh Lamhe (2006) and a shrewd socialite in Life in a... Metro (2007) were lauded, with the latter earning her a Stardust Award for Breakthrough Performance – Female. She won the National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress and a Filmfare Award in the same category for playing a substance abusing supermodel in the drama Fashion (2008). Also in 2008, she featured in the Tamil film Dhaam Dhoom. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 4</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kangana_promoting_Emergency.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Kangana Ranaut is smiling at the camera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Kangana_promoting_Emergency.jpg/220px-Kangana_promoting_Emergency.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Kangana_promoting_Emergency.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="279" data-file-height="372" /></a><figcaption>Ranaut in 2024</figcaption></figure><br /><a href="/wiki/Kangana_Ranaut" title="Kangana Ranaut">Kangana Ranaut</a> is an Indian actress and filmmaker who predominantly works in <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> films, in addition to a few <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> films. She has received four <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Awards" title="National Film Awards">National Film Awards</a>, five <a href="/wiki/Filmfare_Awards" title="Filmfare Awards">Filmfare Awards</a>, three <a href="/wiki/International_Indian_Film_Academy_Awards" title="International Indian Film Academy Awards">International Indian Film Academy Awards</a>, and one award each from the <a href="/wiki/Screen_Awards" title="Screen Awards">Screen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zee_Cine_Awards" title="Zee Cine Awards">Zee Cine</a>, <a href="/wiki/SIIMA_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="SIIMA Awards">SIIMA</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Producers_Guild_Film_Awards" title="Producers Guild Film Awards">Producers Guild</a> award ceremonies.<br /><br />Ranaut made her acting debut in 2006 with a leading role in the romantic thriller <i><a href="/wiki/Gangster_(2006_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gangster (2006 film)">Gangster</a></i>, winning the <a href="/wiki/Filmfare_Award_for_Best_Female_Debut" title="Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut">Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut</a>. Her portrayals of a character based on actress <a href="/wiki/Parveen_Babi" title="Parveen Babi">Parveen Babi</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Woh_Lamhe" class="mw-redirect" title="Woh Lamhe">Woh Lamhe</a></i> (2006) and a shrewd socialite in <i><a href="/wiki/Life_in_a..._Metro" title="Life in a... Metro">Life in a... Metro</a></i> (2007) were lauded, with the latter earning her a <a href="/wiki/Stardust_Award_for_Breakthrough_Performance_%E2%80%93_Female" title="Stardust Award for Breakthrough Performance – Female">Stardust Award for Breakthrough Performance – Female</a>. She won the <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actress" class="mw-redirect" title="National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress">National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress</a> and a Filmfare Award <a href="/wiki/Filmfare_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actress" title="Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress">in the same category</a> for playing a <a href="/wiki/Substance_dependence" title="Substance dependence">substance abusing</a> supermodel in the drama <i><a href="/wiki/Fashion_(2008_film)" title="Fashion (2008 film)">Fashion</a></i> (2008). Also in 2008, she featured in the Tamil film <i><a href="/wiki/Dhaam_Dhoom" title="Dhaam Dhoom">Dhaam Dhoom</a></i>. (<b><a href="/wiki/List_of_roles_and_awards_of_Kangana_Ranaut" title="List of roles and awards of Kangana Ranaut">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 5 Eden Gardens during a day/night match The Eden Gardens is a cricket ground in Kolkata, India. It is one of the main international cricket venues of India and often called the "Mecca of Indian cricket". It is the home of the Bengal cricket team and the Kolkata Knight Riders, as well as being a Test, One Day International (ODI) and Twenty20 International (T20I) venue. As of 2020, the Eden Gardens has hosted more than 40 Test matches, the first of which was in January 1934 when India played the touring England team. These include the first ever day/night Test match in India which was hosted between 22 and 24 November 2019, when India played the visiting Bangladesh team. The first ODI played at the ground was between India and Pakistan on 18 February 1987. As of 2020, 30 ODIs have been played at the ground. The first Test century scored at the ground was in December 1948, by Everton Weekes of the West Indies. He scored 162 runs in the first innings. In the same match Syed Mushtaq Ali of India scored 106 in the fourth innings, thus becoming the first Indian to have scored a century at the Eden Gardens. To date, 77 Test centuries have been scored at the ground. VVS Laxman's 281, scored against Australia in March 2001, during the famous second test of Border-Gavaskar Trophy, is the highest individual Test score achieved at the ground. The highest individual Test score by an overseas player is 256, scored by Rohan Kanhai of the West Indies in December 1958. Mohammad Azharuddin and VVS Laxman have scored five Test centuries each, the highest number of Test centuries scored by an individual player at the ground. During the second Test of the India–South Africa Test series held in February 2010 at the ground, a total of seven centuries were scored between the two teams. This is the highest number of centuries scored in a single Test match at the ground. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 5 Eden Gardens during a day/night match The Eden Gardens is a cricket ground in Kolkata, India. It is one of the main international cricket venues of India and often called the "Mecca of Indian cricket". It is the home of the Bengal cricket team and the Kolkata Knight Riders, as well as being a Test, One Day International (ODI) and Twenty20 International (T20I) venue. As of 2020, the Eden Gardens has hosted more than 40 Test matches, the first of which was in January 1934 when India played the touring England team. These include the first ever day/night Test match in India which was hosted between 22 and 24 November 2019, when India played the visiting Bangladesh team. The first ODI played at the ground was between India and Pakistan on 18 February 1987. As of 2020, 30 ODIs have been played at the ground. The first Test century scored at the ground was in December 1948, by Everton Weekes of the West Indies. He scored 162 runs in the first innings. In the same match Syed Mushtaq Ali of India scored 106 in the fourth innings, thus becoming the first Indian to have scored a century at the Eden Gardens. To date, 77 Test centuries have been scored at the ground. VVS Laxman's 281, scored against Australia in March 2001, during the famous second test of Border-Gavaskar Trophy, is the highest individual Test score achieved at the ground. The highest individual Test score by an overseas player is 256, scored by Rohan Kanhai of the West Indies in December 1958. Mohammad Azharuddin and VVS Laxman have scored five Test centuries each, the highest number of Test centuries scored by an individual player at the ground. During the second Test of the India–South Africa Test series held in February 2010 at the ground, a total of seven centuries were scored between the two teams. This is the highest number of centuries scored in a single Test match at the ground. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 5</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eden_Gardens_under_floodlights_during_a_match.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Eden Gardens under flood lights packed with spectators during a match." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Eden_Gardens_under_floodlights_during_a_match.jpg/340px-Eden_Gardens_under_floodlights_during_a_match.jpg" decoding="async" width="340" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Eden_Gardens_under_floodlights_during_a_match.jpg/510px-Eden_Gardens_under_floodlights_during_a_match.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Eden_Gardens_under_floodlights_during_a_match.jpg/680px-Eden_Gardens_under_floodlights_during_a_match.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Eden Gardens during a <a href="/wiki/Day/night_cricket" title="Day/night cricket">day/night match</a></figcaption></figure><br /><br />The <a href="/wiki/Eden_Gardens" title="Eden Gardens">Eden Gardens</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Cricket_ground" class="mw-redirect" title="Cricket ground">cricket ground</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. It is one of the main international cricket venues of India and often called the "Mecca of Indian cricket". It is the home of the <a href="/wiki/Bengal_cricket_team" title="Bengal cricket team">Bengal cricket team</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kolkata_Knight_Riders" title="Kolkata Knight Riders">Kolkata Knight Riders</a>, as well as being a <a href="/wiki/Test_cricket" title="Test cricket">Test</a>, <a href="/wiki/One_Day_International" title="One Day International">One Day International</a> (ODI) and <a href="/wiki/Twenty20_International" title="Twenty20 International">Twenty20 International</a> (T20I) venue. As of 2020, the Eden Gardens has hosted more than 40 Test matches, the first of which was in January 1934 when <a href="/wiki/India_national_cricket_team" title="India national cricket team">India</a> played the touring <a href="/wiki/England_cricket_team" title="England cricket team">England</a> team. These include the first ever <a href="/wiki/Day/night_cricket#List_of_day/night_Tests" title="Day/night cricket">day/night</a> Test match in India which was hosted between 22 and 24 November 2019, when India played the visiting <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_national_cricket_team" title="Bangladesh national cricket team">Bangladesh</a> team. The first ODI played at the ground was between India and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_national_cricket_team" title="Pakistan national cricket team">Pakistan</a> on 18 February 1987. As of 2020, 30 ODIs have been played at the ground.<br /><br />The first <a href="/wiki/Century_(cricket)#Test_cricket" title="Century (cricket)">Test century</a> scored at the ground was in December 1948, by <a href="/wiki/Everton_Weekes" title="Everton Weekes">Everton Weekes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies_cricket_team" title="West Indies cricket team">West Indies</a>. He scored 162 runs in the first <a href="/wiki/Innings" title="Innings">innings</a>. In the same match <a href="/wiki/Syed_Mushtaq_Ali" title="Syed Mushtaq Ali">Syed Mushtaq Ali</a> of India scored 106 in the fourth innings, thus becoming the first Indian to have scored a century at the Eden Gardens. To date, 77 Test centuries have been scored at the ground. <a href="/wiki/VVS_Laxman" title="VVS Laxman">VVS Laxman</a>'s 281, scored against <a href="/wiki/Australia_cricket_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Australia cricket team">Australia</a> in March 2001, during the famous <a href="/wiki/Second_Test,_2000%E2%80%9301_Border%E2%80%93Gavaskar_Trophy" title="Second Test, 2000–01 Border–Gavaskar Trophy">second test of Border-Gavaskar Trophy</a>, is the highest individual Test score achieved at the ground. The highest individual Test score by an overseas player is 256, scored by <a href="/wiki/Rohan_Kanhai" title="Rohan Kanhai">Rohan Kanhai</a> of the West Indies in December 1958. <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Azharuddin" title="Mohammad Azharuddin">Mohammad Azharuddin</a> and <a href="/wiki/VVS_Laxman" title="VVS Laxman">VVS Laxman</a> have scored five Test centuries each, the highest number of Test centuries scored by an individual player at the ground. During the <a href="/wiki/South_African_cricket_team_in_India_in_2009%E2%80%9310#2nd_Test" title="South African cricket team in India in 2009–10">second Test</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Trophy_(cricket)" title="Freedom Trophy (cricket)">India–South Africa Test series</a> held in February 2010 at the ground, a total of seven centuries were scored between the two teams. This is the highest number of centuries scored in a single Test match at the ground. (<b><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_cricket_centuries_at_the_Eden_Gardens" title="List of international cricket centuries at the Eden Gardens">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 6 The Punjab Legislative Assembly is the unicameral state legislature of Punjab state in North India. The seat of the Legislative Assembly is at Chandigarh, the capital of the state. It is housed within the Chandigarh Capitol Complex, a World Heritage Site designed by Le Corbusier. The term of the assembly is five years, unless it is dissolved earlier. Since 1977, it has had 117 members who are directly elected, from single-seat constituencies. Since the independence of India, the Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) have been given Reservation status, guaranteeing political representation, and the Constitution lays down the general principles of positive discrimination for SCs and STs. The 2011 census of India stated that there were no people of any Scheduled Tribes in Punjab, while the Scheduled Castes constituted a significant portion of the population of the state, at 31.9%. The Scheduled Castes have been granted a reservation of 34 seats in the assembly. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 6 The Punjab Legislative Assembly is the unicameral state legislature of Punjab state in North India. The seat of the Legislative Assembly is at Chandigarh, the capital of the state. It is housed within the Chandigarh Capitol Complex, a World Heritage Site designed by Le Corbusier. The term of the assembly is five years, unless it is dissolved earlier. Since 1977, it has had 117 members who are directly elected, from single-seat constituencies. Since the independence of India, the Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) have been given Reservation status, guaranteeing political representation, and the Constitution lays down the general principles of positive discrimination for SCs and STs. The 2011 census of India stated that there were no people of any Scheduled Tribes in Punjab, while the Scheduled Castes constituted a significant portion of the population of the state, at 31.9%. The Scheduled Castes have been granted a reservation of 34 seats in the assembly. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 6</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Assembly_09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Assembly_09.jpg/220px-Assembly_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Assembly_09.jpg/330px-Assembly_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Assembly_09.jpg/440px-Assembly_09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br />The <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Legislative_Assembly" title="Punjab Legislative Assembly">Punjab Legislative Assembly</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Unicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral">unicameral</a> state legislature of <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a> state in <a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">North India</a>. The seat of the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a> is at <a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a>, the capital of the state. It is housed within the <a href="/wiki/Chandigarh_Capitol_Complex" title="Chandigarh Capitol Complex">Chandigarh Capitol Complex</a>, a World Heritage Site designed by <a href="/wiki/Le_Corbusier" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a>. The term of the assembly is five years, unless it is dissolved earlier. Since 1977, it has had 117 members who are directly elected, from single-seat constituencies.<br /><br />Since the independence of India, the <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes" title="Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes">Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST)</a> have been given <a href="/wiki/Reservation_in_India" title="Reservation in India">Reservation status</a>, guaranteeing political representation, and the Constitution lays down the general principles of <a href="/wiki/Positive_discrimination" class="mw-redirect" title="Positive discrimination">positive discrimination</a> for SCs and STs. The <a href="/wiki/2011_census_of_India" title="2011 census of India">2011 census of India</a> stated that there were no people of any Scheduled Tribes in Punjab, while the Scheduled Castes constituted a significant portion of the <a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population">population</a> of the state, at 31.9%. The Scheduled Castes have been granted a reservation of 34 seats in the assembly. (<b><a href="/wiki/List_of_constituencies_of_the_Punjab_Legislative_Assembly" title="List of constituencies of the Punjab Legislative Assembly">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 7 James Faulkner is one of the only four bowlers to take multiple five-wicket hauls and the only to take multiple five-wicket hauls in the same season. In cricket, a five-wicket haul (also known as a "five-for" or "fifer") refers to a bowler taking five or more wickets in a single innings. This is regarded as a notable achievement, especially in T20 cricket where a bowler can bowl a maximum of only 24 balls (4 overs). The Indian Premier League (IPL) is a professional Twenty20 cricket league in India, which has been held annually since its first season in 2008. So far, 34 five-wicket hauls have been taken by different bowlers, of which only two five-wicket hauls have been taken outside India. Players from twelve of the thirteen teams have taken five-wicket hauls; Kochi Tuskers Kerala is the only franchise for which a player has not taken a five-wicket haul. The first five-wicket haul was taken by Sohail Tanvir of the Rajasthan Royals against the Chennai Super Kings on 4 May 2008. He finished the game with 6 wickets. The most economical five-wicket haul was taken by Akash Madhwal of the Mumbai Indians, who claimed five wickets with an economy rate of 1.43 in the 2023 season. Yuzvendra Chahal of the Rajasthan Royals took the least economical five-wicket haul, 5/40 bowling with an economy rate of 10.00 in 2021. Anil Kumble is the oldest bowler to take a five-wicket haul, achieving the feat at the age of 38, while Jaydev Unadkat is the youngest, he was 21 when he took his first five-for in 2013. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 7 James Faulkner is one of the only four bowlers to take multiple five-wicket hauls and the only to take multiple five-wicket hauls in the same season. In cricket, a five-wicket haul (also known as a "five-for" or "fifer") refers to a bowler taking five or more wickets in a single innings. This is regarded as a notable achievement, especially in T20 cricket where a bowler can bowl a maximum of only 24 balls (4 overs). The Indian Premier League (IPL) is a professional Twenty20 cricket league in India, which has been held annually since its first season in 2008. So far, 34 five-wicket hauls have been taken by different bowlers, of which only two five-wicket hauls have been taken outside India. Players from twelve of the thirteen teams have taken five-wicket hauls; Kochi Tuskers Kerala is the only franchise for which a player has not taken a five-wicket haul. The first five-wicket haul was taken by Sohail Tanvir of the Rajasthan Royals against the Chennai Super Kings on 4 May 2008. He finished the game with 6 wickets. The most economical five-wicket haul was taken by Akash Madhwal of the Mumbai Indians, who claimed five wickets with an economy rate of 1.43 in the 2023 season. Yuzvendra Chahal of the Rajasthan Royals took the least economical five-wicket haul, 5/40 bowling with an economy rate of 10.00 in 2021. Anil Kumble is the oldest bowler to take a five-wicket haul, achieving the feat at the age of 38, while Jaydev Unadkat is the youngest, he was 21 when he took his first five-for in 2013. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 7</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JAMES_FAULKNER_(11704434875)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/JAMES_FAULKNER_%2811704434875%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-JAMES_FAULKNER_%2811704434875%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="407" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/JAMES_FAULKNER_%2811704434875%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-JAMES_FAULKNER_%2811704434875%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/JAMES_FAULKNER_%2811704434875%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-JAMES_FAULKNER_%2811704434875%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1040" data-file-height="1926" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/James_Faulkner_(cricketer)" title="James Faulkner (cricketer)">James Faulkner</a> is one of the only four bowlers to take multiple five-wicket hauls and the only to take multiple five-wicket hauls in the <a href="/wiki/2013_Indian_Premier_League" title="2013 Indian Premier League">same season</a>.</figcaption></figure><br />In <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a>, a five-wicket haul (also known as a "five-for" or "fifer") refers to a <a href="/wiki/Bowler_(cricket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowler (cricket)">bowler</a> taking five or more <a href="/wiki/Wicket" title="Wicket">wickets</a> in a single <a href="/wiki/Innings_(cricket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Innings (cricket)">innings</a>. This is regarded as a notable achievement, especially in <a href="/wiki/Twenty20" title="Twenty20">T20 cricket</a> where a bowler can bowl a maximum of only 24 <a href="/wiki/Delivery_(cricket)" title="Delivery (cricket)">balls</a> (4 <a href="/wiki/Over_(cricket)" title="Over (cricket)">overs</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Indian_Premier_League" title="Indian Premier League">Indian Premier League</a> (IPL) is a professional <a href="/wiki/Twenty20" title="Twenty20">Twenty20</a> cricket league in India, which has been held annually since its <a href="/wiki/2008_Indian_Premier_League" title="2008 Indian Premier League">first season</a> in 2008. So far, 34 five-wicket hauls have been taken by different bowlers, of which only two five-wicket hauls have been taken outside <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. Players from twelve of the thirteen teams have taken five-wicket hauls; <a href="/wiki/Kochi_Tuskers_Kerala" title="Kochi Tuskers Kerala">Kochi Tuskers Kerala</a> is the only franchise for which a player has not taken a five-wicket haul.<br />The first five-wicket haul was taken by <a href="/wiki/Sohail_Tanvir" title="Sohail Tanvir">Sohail Tanvir</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan_Royals" title="Rajasthan Royals">Rajasthan Royals</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Chennai_Super_Kings" title="Chennai Super Kings">Chennai Super Kings</a> on 4 May 2008. He finished the game with 6 wickets. The most economical five-wicket haul was taken by <a href="/wiki/Akash_Madhwal" title="Akash Madhwal">Akash Madhwal</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Indians" title="Mumbai Indians">Mumbai Indians</a>, who claimed five wickets with an <a href="/wiki/Cricket_statistics#Bowling_statistics" title="Cricket statistics">economy rate</a> of 1.43 in the <a href="/wiki/2023_Indian_Premier_League" title="2023 Indian Premier League">2023 season</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yuzvendra_Chahal" title="Yuzvendra Chahal">Yuzvendra Chahal</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan_Royals" title="Rajasthan Royals">Rajasthan Royals</a> took the least economical five-wicket haul, 5/40 bowling with an economy rate of 10.00 in <a href="/wiki/2022_Indian_Premier_League" title="2022 Indian Premier League">2021</a>. <a href="/wiki/Anil_Kumble" title="Anil Kumble">Anil Kumble</a> is the oldest bowler to take a five-wicket haul, achieving the feat at the age of 38, while <a href="/wiki/Jaydev_Unadkat" title="Jaydev Unadkat">Jaydev Unadkat</a> is the youngest, he was 21 when he took his <a href="/wiki/2013_Indian_Premier_League#match57" title="2013 Indian Premier League">first five-for</a> in <a href="/wiki/2013_Indian_Premier_League" title="2013 Indian Premier League">2013</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_Premier_League_five-wicket_hauls" title="List of Indian Premier League five-wicket hauls">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 8 Khurrana in 2012 Ayushmann Khurrana is an Indian actor, playback singer and television host who works in Hindi films. Khurrana first appeared in 2004 teen drama reality show MTV Roadies, winning the second season of the show. He went to star in many other MTV shows, including MTV Fully Faltoo Movies, Cheque De India and Jaadoo Ek Baar, and hosted multiple television shows, including India's Got Talent and Music Ka Maha Muqqabla. In 2012, he made his feature film debut with the romantic comedy Vicky Donor, about sperm donation, which received critical acclaim and performed strongly at the box office. Khurrana won the Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer (for the song "Pani Da Rang"). He then starred in a series of commercially unsuccessful films, including the comedy-drama Nautanki Saala (2013), romantic comedy Bewakoofiyaan (2014), and drama Hawaizaada (2015). In 2015, Khurrana starred in the Sharat Katariya-directed romantic drama Dum Laga Ke Haisha opposite Bhumi Pednekar. His performance was praised, and the film emerged as a commercial success. He then starred in Meri Pyaari Bindu (2017), Bareilly Ki Barfi (2017), and Shubh Mangal Saavdhan (2017). The latter two were commercially successful. In 2018, he starred in the black comedy Andhadhun and the comedy-drama Badhaai Ho. The former grossed ₹4.56 billion (US$64 million) worldwide, and became one of Indian cinema's biggest grossers; for his performance he won the National Film Award for Best Actor (shared with Vicky Kaushal for Uri: The Surgical Strike) and the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor. Badhaai Ho became a sleeper hit, earning over ₹2.21 billion (US$31 million) worldwide. This success continued with Khurrana's 2019 releases, Article 15, Dream Girl, and Bala. For the first of these, he won the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor. In the comedy Bala, he played a man plagued with premature balding. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 8 Khurrana in 2012 Ayushmann Khurrana is an Indian actor, playback singer and television host who works in Hindi films. Khurrana first appeared in 2004 teen drama reality show MTV Roadies, winning the second season of the show. He went to star in many other MTV shows, including MTV Fully Faltoo Movies, Cheque De India and Jaadoo Ek Baar, and hosted multiple television shows, including India's Got Talent and Music Ka Maha Muqqabla. In 2012, he made his feature film debut with the romantic comedy Vicky Donor, about sperm donation, which received critical acclaim and performed strongly at the box office. Khurrana won the Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer (for the song "Pani Da Rang"). He then starred in a series of commercially unsuccessful films, including the comedy-drama Nautanki Saala (2013), romantic comedy Bewakoofiyaan (2014), and drama Hawaizaada (2015). In 2015, Khurrana starred in the Sharat Katariya-directed romantic drama Dum Laga Ke Haisha opposite Bhumi Pednekar. His performance was praised, and the film emerged as a commercial success. He then starred in Meri Pyaari Bindu (2017), Bareilly Ki Barfi (2017), and Shubh Mangal Saavdhan (2017). The latter two were commercially successful. In 2018, he starred in the black comedy Andhadhun and the comedy-drama Badhaai Ho. The former grossed ₹4.56 billion (US$64 million) worldwide, and became one of Indian cinema's biggest grossers; for his performance he won the National Film Award for Best Actor (shared with Vicky Kaushal for Uri: The Surgical Strike) and the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor. Badhaai Ho became a sleeper hit, earning over ₹2.21 billion (US$31 million) worldwide. This success continued with Khurrana's 2019 releases, Article 15, Dream Girl, and Bala. For the first of these, he won the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor. In the comedy Bala, he played a man plagued with premature balding. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 8</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ayushman_Khurana_walks_for_Manish_Malhotra_%26_Shaina_NC%27s_show_for_CPAA_23.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An image of Ayushmann Khurrana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Ayushman_Khurana_walks_for_Manish_Malhotra_%26_Shaina_NC%27s_show_for_CPAA_23.jpg/220px-Ayushman_Khurana_walks_for_Manish_Malhotra_%26_Shaina_NC%27s_show_for_CPAA_23.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Ayushman_Khurana_walks_for_Manish_Malhotra_%26_Shaina_NC%27s_show_for_CPAA_23.jpg/330px-Ayushman_Khurana_walks_for_Manish_Malhotra_%26_Shaina_NC%27s_show_for_CPAA_23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Ayushman_Khurana_walks_for_Manish_Malhotra_%26_Shaina_NC%27s_show_for_CPAA_23.jpg/440px-Ayushman_Khurana_walks_for_Manish_Malhotra_%26_Shaina_NC%27s_show_for_CPAA_23.jpg 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="881" /></a><figcaption>Khurrana in 2012</figcaption></figure><br /><a href="/wiki/Ayushmann_Khurrana" title="Ayushmann Khurrana">Ayushmann Khurrana</a> is an Indian actor, playback singer and television host who works in <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> films. Khurrana first appeared in 2004 teen drama reality show <a href="/wiki/MTV_Roadies" title="MTV Roadies">MTV <i>Roadies</i></a>, winning the second season of the show. He went to star in many other <a href="/wiki/MTV_India" class="mw-redirect" title="MTV India">MTV</a> shows, including <i>MTV Fully Faltoo Movies</i>, <i>Cheque De India</i> and <i>Jaadoo Ek Baar</i>, and hosted multiple television shows, including <i><a href="/wiki/India%27s_Got_Talent" title="India's Got Talent">India's Got Talent</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Music_Ka_Maha_Muqqabla" title="Music Ka Maha Muqqabla">Music Ka Maha Muqqabla</a></i>. In 2012, he made his feature film debut with the romantic comedy <i><a href="/wiki/Vicky_Donor" title="Vicky Donor">Vicky Donor</a></i>, about <a href="/wiki/Sperm_donation" title="Sperm donation">sperm donation</a>, which received critical acclaim and performed strongly at the box office. Khurrana won the <a href="/wiki/Filmfare_Award_for_Best_Male_Playback_Singer" title="Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer">Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer</a> (for the song "<a href="/wiki/Pani_Da_Rang" title="Pani Da Rang">Pani Da Rang</a>"). He then starred in a series of commercially unsuccessful films, including the comedy-drama <i><a href="/wiki/Nautanki_Saala!" title="Nautanki Saala!">Nautanki Saala</a></i> (2013), romantic comedy <i><a href="/wiki/Bewakoofiyaan" title="Bewakoofiyaan">Bewakoofiyaan</a></i> (2014), and drama <i><a href="/wiki/Hawaizaada" title="Hawaizaada">Hawaizaada</a></i> (2015).<br /><br />In 2015, Khurrana starred in the <a href="/wiki/Sharat_Katariya" title="Sharat Katariya">Sharat Katariya</a>-directed romantic drama <i><a href="/wiki/Dum_Laga_Ke_Haisha" title="Dum Laga Ke Haisha">Dum Laga Ke Haisha</a></i> opposite <a href="/wiki/Bhumi_Pednekar" title="Bhumi Pednekar">Bhumi Pednekar</a>. His performance was praised, and the film emerged as a commercial success. He then starred in <i><a href="/wiki/Meri_Pyaari_Bindu" title="Meri Pyaari Bindu">Meri Pyaari Bindu</a></i> (2017), <i><a href="/wiki/Bareilly_Ki_Barfi" title="Bareilly Ki Barfi">Bareilly Ki Barfi</a></i> (2017), and <i><a href="/wiki/Shubh_Mangal_Saavdhan" title="Shubh Mangal Saavdhan">Shubh Mangal Saavdhan</a></i> (2017). The latter two were commercially successful. In 2018, he starred in the black comedy <i><a href="/wiki/Andhadhun" title="Andhadhun">Andhadhun</a></i> and the comedy-drama <i><a href="/wiki/Badhaai_Ho" title="Badhaai Ho">Badhaai Ho</a></i>. The former grossed ₹4.56 billion (US$64 million) worldwide, and became one of <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_Indian_films" title="List of highest-grossing Indian films">Indian cinema's biggest grossers</a>; for his performance he won the <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Award_for_Best_Actor" class="mw-redirect" title="National Film Award for Best Actor">National Film Award for Best Actor</a> (shared with <a href="/wiki/Vicky_Kaushal" title="Vicky Kaushal">Vicky Kaushal</a> for <i><a href="/wiki/Uri:_The_Surgical_Strike" title="Uri: The Surgical Strike">Uri: The Surgical Strike</a></i>) and the <a href="/wiki/Filmfare_Critics_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor">Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor</a>. <i>Badhaai Ho</i> became a <a href="/wiki/Sleeper_hit" title="Sleeper hit">sleeper hit</a>, earning over ₹2.21 billion (US$31 million) worldwide. This success continued with Khurrana's 2019 releases, <i><a href="/wiki/Article_15_(film)" title="Article 15 (film)">Article 15</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dream_Girl_(2019_film)" title="Dream Girl (2019 film)">Dream Girl</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Bala_(2019_film)" title="Bala (2019 film)">Bala</a>.</i> For the first of these, he won the <a href="/wiki/Filmfare_Critics_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor">Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor</a>. In the comedy <i>Bala</i>, he played a man plagued with premature balding. (<b><a href="/wiki/Ayushmann_Khurrana_filmography" title="Ayushmann Khurrana filmography">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 9 M. G. Ramachandran in Mohini (1948) M. G. Ramachandran (17 January 1917 – 24 December 1987), popularly known by his initials "MGR", was an Indian actor, film director and film producer who had an extensive career primarily in Tamil language films. After starring in numerous commercially successful films from the 1950s to the early 1970s, he has continued to hold a matinée idol status in Tamil Nadu. Ramachandran made his debut in Ellis R. Dungan's 1936 film Sathi Leelavathi, where he played a police inspector. He followed it with a string of minor appearances and supporting roles in many films, notably Ashok Kumar (1941), where he played the general of emperor Ashoka's army, and as a captain in Dungan's Meera (1945). Ramachandran's breakthrough came with his first lead role in A. S. A. Sami's swashbuckler film Rajakumari (1947) where he played a villager who marries a princess. Based on the Arabian Nights, Rajakumari was a commercially successful venture. He established himself as an action hero akin to Errol Flynn and Douglas Fairbanks in Tamil cinema with Manthiri Kumari (1950) and Marmayogi (1951). Both films had political undertones which earned Ramachandran a Robin Hood persona of being a champion for the downtrodden. His performance as the caring brother Rajendran who tries to keep his family together in En Thangai (1952) earned him critical acclaim. In 1953, he made his debut in Malayalam films opposite B. S. Saroja in Genova. Ramachandran continued to play roles which enabled him to adopt his ideas of fighting injustice meted out to the poor such as an outlaw in Malaikkallan (1954), and Nadodi Mannan (1958). In the latter, he featured in dual roles, as a king and a commoner, for the first time in his career. Both Malaikkallan and Nadodi Mannan were commercially successful, becoming the highest-grossing films of their respective release years. In addition to social dramas, Ramachandran received positive feedback and commercial success for swashbuckler films such as Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum (1956), the first South Indian full-length colour film, Madurai Veeran (1956), Chakravarthi Thirumagal and Mahadevi (both released in 1957). (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 9 M. G. Ramachandran in Mohini (1948) M. G. Ramachandran (17 January 1917 – 24 December 1987), popularly known by his initials "MGR", was an Indian actor, film director and film producer who had an extensive career primarily in Tamil language films. After starring in numerous commercially successful films from the 1950s to the early 1970s, he has continued to hold a matinée idol status in Tamil Nadu. Ramachandran made his debut in Ellis R. Dungan's 1936 film Sathi Leelavathi, where he played a police inspector. He followed it with a string of minor appearances and supporting roles in many films, notably Ashok Kumar (1941), where he played the general of emperor Ashoka's army, and as a captain in Dungan's Meera (1945). Ramachandran's breakthrough came with his first lead role in A. S. A. Sami's swashbuckler film Rajakumari (1947) where he played a villager who marries a princess. Based on the Arabian Nights, Rajakumari was a commercially successful venture. He established himself as an action hero akin to Errol Flynn and Douglas Fairbanks in Tamil cinema with Manthiri Kumari (1950) and Marmayogi (1951). Both films had political undertones which earned Ramachandran a Robin Hood persona of being a champion for the downtrodden. His performance as the caring brother Rajendran who tries to keep his family together in En Thangai (1952) earned him critical acclaim. In 1953, he made his debut in Malayalam films opposite B. S. Saroja in Genova. Ramachandran continued to play roles which enabled him to adopt his ideas of fighting injustice meted out to the poor such as an outlaw in Malaikkallan (1954), and Nadodi Mannan (1958). In the latter, he featured in dual roles, as a king and a commoner, for the first time in his career. Both Malaikkallan and Nadodi Mannan were commercially successful, becoming the highest-grossing films of their respective release years. In addition to social dramas, Ramachandran received positive feedback and commercial success for swashbuckler films such as Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum (1956), the first South Indian full-length colour film, Madurai Veeran (1956), Chakravarthi Thirumagal and Mahadevi (both released in 1957). (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 9</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MGR_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="M. G. Ramachandran looking towards his left" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/MGR_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="254" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="164" data-file-height="254" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/M._G._Ramachandran" title="M. G. Ramachandran">M. G. Ramachandran</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Mohini_(1948_film)" title="Mohini (1948 film)">Mohini</a></i> (1948)</figcaption></figure><br /><a href="/wiki/M._G._Ramachandran" title="M. G. Ramachandran">M. G. Ramachandran</a> (17 January 1917 – 24 December 1987), popularly known by his initials "MGR", was an Indian actor, film director and film producer who had an extensive career primarily in <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil language</a> films. After starring in numerous commercially successful films from the 1950s to the early 1970s, he has continued to hold a <a href="/wiki/Matin%C3%A9e_idol" title="Matinée idol">matinée idol</a> status in <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>. Ramachandran made his debut in <a href="/wiki/Ellis_R._Dungan" title="Ellis R. Dungan">Ellis R. Dungan</a>'s 1936 film <i><a href="/wiki/Sathi_Leelavathi_(1936_film)" title="Sathi Leelavathi (1936 film)">Sathi Leelavathi</a></i>, where he played a police inspector. He followed it with a string of minor appearances and supporting roles in many films, notably <i><a href="/wiki/Ashok_Kumar_(film)" title="Ashok Kumar (film)">Ashok Kumar</a></i> (1941), where he played the general of emperor <a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a>'s army, and as a <a href="/wiki/Captain" title="Captain">captain</a> in Dungan's <i><a href="/wiki/Meera_(1945_film)" title="Meera (1945 film)">Meera</a></i> (1945).<br /><br />Ramachandran's breakthrough came with his first lead role in <a href="/wiki/A._S._A._Sami" title="A. S. A. Sami">A. S. A. Sami</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Swashbuckler_film" title="Swashbuckler film">swashbuckler film</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Rajakumari_(1947_film)" title="Rajakumari (1947 film)">Rajakumari</a></i> (1947) where he played a villager who marries a princess. Based on the <i><a href="/wiki/One_Thousand_and_One_Nights" title="One Thousand and One Nights">Arabian Nights</a></i>, <i>Rajakumari</i> was a commercially successful venture. He established himself as an <a href="/wiki/Action_hero" title="Action hero">action hero</a> akin to <a href="/wiki/Errol_Flynn" title="Errol Flynn">Errol Flynn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks" title="Douglas Fairbanks">Douglas Fairbanks</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tamil_cinema" title="Tamil cinema">Tamil cinema</a> with <i><a href="/wiki/Manthiri_Kumari" title="Manthiri Kumari">Manthiri Kumari</a></i> (1950) and <i><a href="/wiki/Marmayogi" title="Marmayogi">Marmayogi</a></i> (1951). Both films had political undertones which earned Ramachandran a <a href="/wiki/Robin_Hood" title="Robin Hood">Robin Hood</a> persona of being a champion for the downtrodden. His performance as the caring brother Rajendran who tries to keep his family together in <i><a href="/wiki/En_Thangai_(1952_film)" title="En Thangai (1952 film)">En Thangai</a></i> (1952) earned him critical acclaim. In 1953, he made his debut in <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a> films opposite <a href="/wiki/B._S._Saroja" title="B. S. Saroja">B. S. Saroja</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Genova_(1953_film)" title="Genova (1953 film)">Genova</a></i>. Ramachandran continued to play roles which enabled him to adopt his ideas of fighting injustice meted out to the poor such as an outlaw in <i><a href="/wiki/Malaikkallan" title="Malaikkallan">Malaikkallan</a></i> (1954), and <i><a href="/wiki/Nadodi_Mannan" title="Nadodi Mannan">Nadodi Mannan</a></i> (1958). In the latter, he featured in dual roles, as a king and a commoner, for the first time in his career. Both <i>Malaikkallan</i> and <i>Nadodi Mannan</i> were commercially successful, becoming the highest-grossing films of their respective release years. In addition to social dramas, Ramachandran received positive feedback and commercial success for swashbuckler films such as <i><a href="/wiki/Alibabavum_40_Thirudargalum_(1956_film)" title="Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum (1956 film)">Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum</a></i> (1956), the first <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_South_India" title="Cinema of South India">South Indian</a> full-length colour film, <i><a href="/wiki/Madurai_Veeran_(1956_film)" title="Madurai Veeran (1956 film)">Madurai Veeran</a></i> (1956), <i><a href="/wiki/Chakravarthi_Thirumagal" title="Chakravarthi Thirumagal">Chakravarthi Thirumagal</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Mahadevi_(film)" title="Mahadevi (film)">Mahadevi</a></i> (both released in 1957). (<b><a href="/wiki/M._G._Ramachandran_filmography" title="M. G. Ramachandran filmography">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 10 My Name Is Khan is a 2010 drama film directed by Karan Johar. The film features Shah Rukh Khan and Kajol in the lead roles with Jimmy Sheirgill, Zarina Wahab, Sonya Jehan, Vinay Pathak and Parvin Dabas playing supporting roles. Set in the United States, the film's story focuses on Rizwan Khan (Khan), a non-resident Indian with Asperger syndrome whose wife, Mandira (Kajol), has a child, Sameer, from a previous relationship. During the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, Sameer dies as a result of a racist assault by school bullies. Mandira blames Sameer's death on Rizwan due to his religion, and tells him not to come back until he can convince the President of the United States that he is not a terrorist. Rizwan takes Mandira's words literally and tries to meet the President so as to win her back. My Name Is Khan was co-produced by Johar's brother, Hiroo Yash Johar, and Khan's wife, Gauri Khan, under the Dharma Productions and Red Chillies Entertainment banners respectively. Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy composed the soundtrack while Niranjan Iyengar and Javed Akhtar wrote the lyrics for its songs. Ravi K. Chandran, Deepa Bhatia and Sharmishta Roy handled the cinematography, editing and production design respectively. Produced on a budget of ₹850 million (about US$19 million in 2010), My Name Is Khan was released on 12 February 2010 and received positive reviews. It was commercially successful, grossing ₹2.048 billion (about US$45 million in 2010) worldwide. The film won 25 awards from 84 nominations; its direction, story, screenplay, performances of the cast members and music have received the most attention from award groups. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 10 My Name Is Khan is a 2010 drama film directed by Karan Johar. The film features Shah Rukh Khan and Kajol in the lead roles with Jimmy Sheirgill, Zarina Wahab, Sonya Jehan, Vinay Pathak and Parvin Dabas playing supporting roles. Set in the United States, the film's story focuses on Rizwan Khan (Khan), a non-resident Indian with Asperger syndrome whose wife, Mandira (Kajol), has a child, Sameer, from a previous relationship. During the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, Sameer dies as a result of a racist assault by school bullies. Mandira blames Sameer's death on Rizwan due to his religion, and tells him not to come back until he can convince the President of the United States that he is not a terrorist. Rizwan takes Mandira's words literally and tries to meet the President so as to win her back. My Name Is Khan was co-produced by Johar's brother, Hiroo Yash Johar, and Khan's wife, Gauri Khan, under the Dharma Productions and Red Chillies Entertainment banners respectively. Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy composed the soundtrack while Niranjan Iyengar and Javed Akhtar wrote the lyrics for its songs. Ravi K. Chandran, Deepa Bhatia and Sharmishta Roy handled the cinematography, editing and production design respectively. Produced on a budget of ₹850 million (about US$19 million in 2010), My Name Is Khan was released on 12 February 2010 and received positive reviews. It was commercially successful, grossing ₹2.048 billion (about US$45 million in 2010) worldwide. The film won 25 awards from 84 nominations; its direction, story, screenplay, performances of the cast members and music have received the most attention from award groups. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 10</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><a href="/wiki/My_Name_Is_Khan" title="My Name Is Khan">My Name Is Khan</a></i> is a 2010 <a href="/wiki/Drama_(film_and_television)" title="Drama (film and television)">drama film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Karan_Johar" title="Karan Johar">Karan Johar</a>. The film features <a href="/wiki/Shah_Rukh_Khan" title="Shah Rukh Khan">Shah Rukh Khan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kajol" title="Kajol">Kajol</a> in the lead roles with <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Sheirgill" title="Jimmy Sheirgill">Jimmy Sheirgill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zarina_Wahab" title="Zarina Wahab">Zarina Wahab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sonya_Jehan" title="Sonya Jehan">Sonya Jehan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vinay_Pathak" title="Vinay Pathak">Vinay Pathak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parvin_Dabas" title="Parvin Dabas">Parvin Dabas</a> playing supporting roles. Set in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the film's story focuses on Rizwan Khan (Khan), a <a href="/wiki/Non-resident_Indian_and_person_of_Indian_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin">non-resident Indian</a> with <a href="/wiki/Asperger_syndrome" title="Asperger syndrome">Asperger syndrome</a> whose wife, Mandira (Kajol), has a child, Sameer, from a previous relationship. During the <a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_September_11_attacks" title="Aftermath of the September 11 attacks">aftermath of the September 11 attacks</a>, Sameer dies as a result of a <a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_States" title="Racism in the United States">racist assault</a> by <a href="/wiki/School_bullying" title="School bullying">school bullies</a>. Mandira blames Sameer's death on Rizwan due to his religion, and tells him not to come back until he can convince the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> that he is not a terrorist. Rizwan takes Mandira's words literally and tries to meet the President so as to win her back. <i>My Name Is Khan</i> was co-produced by Johar's brother, Hiroo Yash Johar, and Khan's wife, <a href="/wiki/Gauri_Khan" title="Gauri Khan">Gauri Khan</a>, under the <a href="/wiki/Dharma_Productions" title="Dharma Productions">Dharma Productions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Red_Chillies_Entertainment" title="Red Chillies Entertainment">Red Chillies Entertainment</a> banners respectively. <a href="/wiki/Shankar%E2%80%93Ehsaan%E2%80%93Loy" title="Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy">Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy</a> composed the soundtrack while <a href="/wiki/Niranjan_Iyengar" title="Niranjan Iyengar">Niranjan Iyengar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Javed_Akhtar" title="Javed Akhtar">Javed Akhtar</a> wrote the lyrics for its songs. <a href="/wiki/Ravi_K._Chandran" title="Ravi K. Chandran">Ravi K. Chandran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deepa_Bhatia" title="Deepa Bhatia">Deepa Bhatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sharmishta_Roy" title="Sharmishta Roy">Sharmishta Roy</a> handled the cinematography, editing and production design respectively.<br /><br />Produced on a budget of <a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee_sign" title="Indian rupee sign">₹</a>850 million (about US$19 million in 2010), <i>My Name Is Khan</i> was released on 12 February 2010 and received positive reviews. It was commercially successful, grossing ₹2.048 billion (about US$45 million in 2010) worldwide. The film won 25 awards from 84 nominations; its direction, story, screenplay, performances of the cast members and music have received the most attention from award groups. (<b><a href="/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_My_Name_Is_Khan" title="List of accolades received by My Name Is Khan">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 11 Thondimuthalum Driksakshiyum is a 2017 Indian Malayalam-language thriller-drama film directed by Dileesh Pothan. The film stars Fahadh Faasil, Suraj Venjaramoodu,Nimisha Sajayan, Alencier Ley Lopez, Vettukili Prakash, and Sibi Thomas. It was written by Sajeev Pazhoor along with Syam Pushkaran who was also creative director. Bijibal composed the music while Rajeev Ravi handled the cinematography. Produced on a budget of ₹65 million, Thondimuthalum Driksakshiyum was released on 30 June 2017 and grossed ₹175 million in Kerala. The film was cited as one of the "Top 5 Malayalam movies in 2017" and "The 25 best Malayalam films of the decade" by The Hindu. The film garnered awards and nominations in several categories, with particular praise for its direction, screenplay and Fahadh's performance. The film won 36 awards from 45 nominations. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 11 Thondimuthalum Driksakshiyum is a 2017 Indian Malayalam-language thriller-drama film directed by Dileesh Pothan. The film stars Fahadh Faasil, Suraj Venjaramoodu,Nimisha Sajayan, Alencier Ley Lopez, Vettukili Prakash, and Sibi Thomas. It was written by Sajeev Pazhoor along with Syam Pushkaran who was also creative director. Bijibal composed the music while Rajeev Ravi handled the cinematography. Produced on a budget of ₹65 million, Thondimuthalum Driksakshiyum was released on 30 June 2017 and grossed ₹175 million in Kerala. The film was cited as one of the "Top 5 Malayalam movies in 2017" and "The 25 best Malayalam films of the decade" by The Hindu. The film garnered awards and nominations in several categories, with particular praise for its direction, screenplay and Fahadh's performance. The film won 36 awards from 45 nominations. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 11</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><a href="/wiki/Thondimuthalum_Driksakshiyum" title="Thondimuthalum Driksakshiyum">Thondimuthalum Driksakshiyum</a></i> is a 2017 Indian <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a>-language thriller-drama film directed by <a href="/wiki/Dileesh_Pothan" title="Dileesh Pothan">Dileesh Pothan</a>. The film stars <a href="/wiki/Fahadh_Faasil" title="Fahadh Faasil">Fahadh Faasil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suraj_Venjaramoodu" title="Suraj Venjaramoodu">Suraj Venjaramoodu</a>,<a href="/wiki/Nimisha_Sajayan" title="Nimisha Sajayan">Nimisha Sajayan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alencier_Ley_Lopez" title="Alencier Ley Lopez">Alencier Ley Lopez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vettukili_Prakash" title="Vettukili Prakash">Vettukili Prakash</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sibi_Thomas" title="Sibi Thomas">Sibi Thomas</a>. It was written by <a href="/wiki/Sajeev_Pazhoor" title="Sajeev Pazhoor">Sajeev Pazhoor</a> along with <a href="/wiki/Syam_Pushkaran" title="Syam Pushkaran">Syam Pushkaran</a> who was also <a href="/wiki/Creative_director" title="Creative director">creative director</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bijibal" title="Bijibal">Bijibal</a> composed the music while <a href="/wiki/Rajeev_Ravi" title="Rajeev Ravi">Rajeev Ravi</a> handled the cinematography. <br /><br />Produced on a budget of <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>65 million, <i>Thondimuthalum Driksakshiyum</i> was released on 30 June 2017 and grossed <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>175 million in <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>. The film was cited as one of the "Top 5 Malayalam movies in 2017" and "The 25 best Malayalam films of the decade" by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. The film garnered awards and nominations in several categories, with particular praise for its direction, screenplay and Fahadh's performance. The film won 36 awards from 45 nominations. (<b><a href="/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_Thondimuthalum_Driksakshiyum" title="List of accolades received by Thondimuthalum Driksakshiyum">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 12 Shetty at the trailer launch of Baahubali: The Beginning (2015) Anushka Shetty is an Indian actress who appears in Telugu and Tamil films. She is widely regarded as one of the most successful and influential actress in the history of Telugu cinema and widely addressed as "Lady Superstar of Indian Cinema". She made her acting debut in Puri Jagannadh's 2005 Telugu film Super, and appeared in Mahanandi, released later the same year. The following year, she had four releases, the first being S. S. Rajamouli's Vikramarkudu, which helped her gain recognition, followed by Astram (a remake of the 1999 Hindi film Sarfarosh), the Sundar C-directed Rendu, (which marked her debut in Tamil cinema), and a special appearance in AR Murugadoss' Telugu film Stalin. She had two releases in 2007: Lakshyam and Don. In 2008, she appeared in six films, including Okka Magaadu, Swagatam and Souryam. In 2009, Shetty played two roles in the fantasy Arundhati. She went on to win the Nandi Special Jury Award and the Filmfare Best Telugu Actress Award for this film. Her next release that year was Billa, a Telugu remake of the 2007 Tamil film of the same name. Her final release in 2009 was her second Tamil feature film, the masala film Vettaikaaran, where she appeared as a medical student. Shetty had a string of releases in 2010. She portrayed a prostitute in Krish's Vedam, which won her the Filmfare Award for Best Telugu Actress. Despite critical acclaim, the film failed at the box office. None of her other releases in 2010 succeeded commercially, except for her sole Tamil release of the year, the masala Singam. The following year, Anushka had two releases, both in Tamil. She reprised her Vedam role in its remake Vaanam, then appeared as an advocate in the A. L. Vijay-directed Deiva Thirumagal, a loose adaptation of the American film I Am Sam (2001). The following year, she also had two releases: Thaandavam in Tamil, and Damarukam in Telugu. Her first release in 2013 was Suraj's Tamil masala Alex Pandian, a critical and commercial failure. This was followed by Mirchi in Telugu, Singam II (where she reprised her role from Singam), and Selvaraghavan's Tamil romantic fantasy Irandaam Ulagam where she played three distinct roles. Her sole release of 2014 was K. S. Ravikumar's Lingaa. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 12 Shetty at the trailer launch of Baahubali: The Beginning (2015) Anushka Shetty is an Indian actress who appears in Telugu and Tamil films. She is widely regarded as one of the most successful and influential actress in the history of Telugu cinema and widely addressed as "Lady Superstar of Indian Cinema". She made her acting debut in Puri Jagannadh's 2005 Telugu film Super, and appeared in Mahanandi, released later the same year. The following year, she had four releases, the first being S. S. Rajamouli's Vikramarkudu, which helped her gain recognition, followed by Astram (a remake of the 1999 Hindi film Sarfarosh), the Sundar C-directed Rendu, (which marked her debut in Tamil cinema), and a special appearance in AR Murugadoss' Telugu film Stalin. She had two releases in 2007: Lakshyam and Don. In 2008, she appeared in six films, including Okka Magaadu, Swagatam and Souryam. In 2009, Shetty played two roles in the fantasy Arundhati. She went on to win the Nandi Special Jury Award and the Filmfare Best Telugu Actress Award for this film. Her next release that year was Billa, a Telugu remake of the 2007 Tamil film of the same name. Her final release in 2009 was her second Tamil feature film, the masala film Vettaikaaran, where she appeared as a medical student. Shetty had a string of releases in 2010. She portrayed a prostitute in Krish's Vedam, which won her the Filmfare Award for Best Telugu Actress. Despite critical acclaim, the film failed at the box office. None of her other releases in 2010 succeeded commercially, except for her sole Tamil release of the year, the masala Singam. The following year, Anushka had two releases, both in Tamil. She reprised her Vedam role in its remake Vaanam, then appeared as an advocate in the A. L. Vijay-directed Deiva Thirumagal, a loose adaptation of the American film I Am Sam (2001). The following year, she also had two releases: Thaandavam in Tamil, and Damarukam in Telugu. Her first release in 2013 was Suraj's Tamil masala Alex Pandian, a critical and commercial failure. This was followed by Mirchi in Telugu, Singam II (where she reprised her role from Singam), and Selvaraghavan's Tamil romantic fantasy Irandaam Ulagam where she played three distinct roles. Her sole release of 2014 was K. S. Ravikumar's Lingaa. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 12</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anushka_Shetty_first_look_Baahubali_2_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Anushka_Shetty_first_look_Baahubali_2_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Anushka_Shetty_first_look_Baahubali_2_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Anushka_Shetty_first_look_Baahubali_2_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="284" data-file-height="296" /></a><figcaption>Shetty at the trailer launch of <i><a href="/wiki/Baahubali:_The_Beginning" title="Baahubali: The Beginning">Baahubali: The Beginning</a></i> (2015)</figcaption></figure><br /><a href="/wiki/Anushka_Shetty" title="Anushka Shetty">Anushka Shetty</a> is an Indian actress who appears in <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> films. She is widely regarded as one of the most successful and influential actress in the history of <a href="/wiki/Telugu_cinema" title="Telugu cinema">Telugu cinema</a> and widely addressed as "Lady Superstar of Indian Cinema". She made her acting debut in <a href="/wiki/Puri_Jagannadh" title="Puri Jagannadh">Puri Jagannadh</a>'s 2005 Telugu film <i><a href="/wiki/Super_(2005_film)" title="Super (2005 film)">Super</a></i>, and appeared in <i><a href="/wiki/Mahanandi_(film)" title="Mahanandi (film)">Mahanandi</a></i>, released later the same year. The following year, she had four releases, the first being <a href="/wiki/S._S._Rajamouli" title="S. S. Rajamouli">S. S. Rajamouli</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Vikramarkudu" title="Vikramarkudu">Vikramarkudu</a></i>, which helped her gain recognition, followed by <i><a href="/wiki/Astram_(film)" title="Astram (film)">Astram</a></i> (a remake of the 1999 <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Sarfarosh" title="Sarfarosh">Sarfarosh</a></i>), the <a href="/wiki/Sundar_C" title="Sundar C">Sundar C</a>-directed <i><a href="/wiki/Rendu" title="Rendu">Rendu</a></i>, (which marked her debut in Tamil cinema), and a special appearance in <a href="/wiki/AR_Murugadoss" title="AR Murugadoss">AR Murugadoss</a>' Telugu film <i><a href="/wiki/Stalin_(2006_film)" title="Stalin (2006 film)">Stalin</a></i>. She had two releases in 2007: <i><a href="/wiki/Lakshyam_(2007_film)" title="Lakshyam (2007 film)">Lakshyam</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Don_(2007_film)" title="Don (2007 film)">Don</a></i>. In 2008, she appeared in six films, including <i><a href="/wiki/Okka_Magaadu" title="Okka Magaadu">Okka Magaadu</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Swagatam" title="Swagatam">Swagatam</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Souryam" title="Souryam">Souryam</a></i>. In 2009, Shetty played two roles in the fantasy <i><a href="/wiki/Arundhati_(2009_film)" title="Arundhati (2009 film)">Arundhati</a></i>. She went on to win the <a href="/wiki/Nandi_Special_Jury_Award" title="Nandi Special Jury Award">Nandi Special Jury Award</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Filmfare_Award_for_Best_Actress_%E2%80%93_Telugu" title="Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu">Filmfare Best Telugu Actress Award</a> for this film. Her next release that year was <i><a href="/wiki/Billa_(2009_film)" title="Billa (2009 film)">Billa</a></i>, a Telugu remake of the <a href="/wiki/Billa_(2007_film)" title="Billa (2007 film)">2007 Tamil film of the same name</a>. Her final release in 2009 was her second Tamil feature film, the <a href="/wiki/Masala_film" title="Masala film">masala</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Vettaikaaran_(2009_film)" title="Vettaikaaran (2009 film)">Vettaikaaran</a></i>, where she appeared as a medical student.<br />Shetty had a string of releases in 2010. She portrayed a prostitute in <a href="/wiki/Krish_Jagarlamudi" title="Krish Jagarlamudi">Krish</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Vedam_(film)" title="Vedam (film)">Vedam</a></i>, which won her the Filmfare Award for Best Telugu Actress. Despite critical acclaim, the film failed at the box office. None of her other releases in 2010 succeeded commercially, except for her sole Tamil release of the year, the masala <i><a href="/wiki/Singam" title="Singam">Singam</a></i>. The following year, Anushka had two releases, both in Tamil. She reprised her <i>Vedam</i> role in its remake <i><a href="/wiki/Vaanam" title="Vaanam">Vaanam</a></i>, then appeared as an advocate in the <a href="/wiki/A._L._Vijay" title="A. L. Vijay">A. L. Vijay</a>-directed <i><a href="/wiki/Deiva_Thirumagal" title="Deiva Thirumagal">Deiva Thirumagal</a></i>, a loose adaptation of the American film <i><a href="/wiki/I_Am_Sam" title="I Am Sam">I Am Sam</a></i> (2001). The following year, she also had two releases: <i><a href="/wiki/Thaandavam" title="Thaandavam">Thaandavam</a></i> in Tamil, and <i><a href="/wiki/Damarukam" title="Damarukam">Damarukam</a></i> in Telugu. Her first release in 2013 was <a href="/wiki/Suraj_(director)" title="Suraj (director)">Suraj</a>'s Tamil masala <i><a href="/wiki/Alex_Pandian" title="Alex Pandian">Alex Pandian</a></i>, a critical and commercial failure. This was followed by <i><a href="/wiki/Mirchi_(film)" title="Mirchi (film)">Mirchi</a></i> in Telugu, <i><a href="/wiki/Singam_II" title="Singam II">Singam II</a></i> (where she reprised her role from <i>Singam</i>), and <a href="/wiki/Selvaraghavan" title="Selvaraghavan">Selvaraghavan</a>'s Tamil <a href="/wiki/Romantic_fantasy" title="Romantic fantasy">romantic fantasy</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Irandaam_Ulagam" class="mw-redirect" title="Irandaam Ulagam">Irandaam Ulagam</a></i> where she played three distinct roles. Her sole release of 2014 was <a href="/wiki/K._S._Ravikumar" title="K. S. Ravikumar">K. S. Ravikumar</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Lingaa" title="Lingaa">Lingaa</a></i>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Anushka_Shetty_filmography" title="Anushka Shetty filmography">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 13 Chopra at the 21st Lions Gold Awards where she won the Best Actress award for Mary Kom (2014) Priyanka Chopra is an Indian actress who has received several awards and nominations including two National Film Award, five Filmfare Awards, eight Producers Guild Film Awards, eight Screen Awards, six IIFA Awards, and two People's Choice Awards. In 2000, she participated in the Femina Miss India contest, where she finished second, winning the Femina Miss India World title. She then entered the Miss World pageant and was crowned Miss World 2000, becoming the fifth Indian to win the contest. Chopra made her Bollywood film debut with a supporting role in the 2003 spy thriller The Hero, which earned her the Stardust Award for Best Supporting Actress. The same year, her performance in the romantic musical Andaaz won her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut and a nomination for Best Supporting Actress at the same ceremony. For her portrayal of a seductress in the romantic thriller Aitraaz, Chopra won the Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role and received her second nomination for Best Supporting Actress. The same year, she was nominated for the IIFA Award for Best Actress for the romantic comedy Mujhse Shaadi Karogi. Chopra starred as a troubled model in the drama Fashion (2008), for which she won many Best Actress awards in India including the National Film Award for Best Actress and the Filmfare Award in the same category. In 2010, she received several Best Actress nominations for playing a feisty Marathi woman in the caper thriller Kaminey, winning her second consecutive Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role after Fashion. The same year, she was nominated for the Screen Award for Best Actress for playing twelve distinct roles in the social comedy film What's Your Raashee?. For her portrayal of a serial killer, in the 2011 neo-noir 7 Khoon Maaf, she won the Filmfare Award for Best Actress (Critics), in addition to a Best Actress nomination at the same ceremony. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 13 Chopra at the 21st Lions Gold Awards where she won the Best Actress award for Mary Kom (2014) Priyanka Chopra is an Indian actress who has received several awards and nominations including two National Film Award, five Filmfare Awards, eight Producers Guild Film Awards, eight Screen Awards, six IIFA Awards, and two People's Choice Awards. In 2000, she participated in the Femina Miss India contest, where she finished second, winning the Femina Miss India World title. She then entered the Miss World pageant and was crowned Miss World 2000, becoming the fifth Indian to win the contest. Chopra made her Bollywood film debut with a supporting role in the 2003 spy thriller The Hero, which earned her the Stardust Award for Best Supporting Actress. The same year, her performance in the romantic musical Andaaz won her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut and a nomination for Best Supporting Actress at the same ceremony. For her portrayal of a seductress in the romantic thriller Aitraaz, Chopra won the Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role and received her second nomination for Best Supporting Actress. The same year, she was nominated for the IIFA Award for Best Actress for the romantic comedy Mujhse Shaadi Karogi. Chopra starred as a troubled model in the drama Fashion (2008), for which she won many Best Actress awards in India including the National Film Award for Best Actress and the Filmfare Award in the same category. In 2010, she received several Best Actress nominations for playing a feisty Marathi woman in the caper thriller Kaminey, winning her second consecutive Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role after Fashion. The same year, she was nominated for the Screen Award for Best Actress for playing twelve distinct roles in the social comedy film What's Your Raashee?. For her portrayal of a serial killer, in the 2011 neo-noir 7 Khoon Maaf, she won the Filmfare Award for Best Actress (Critics), in addition to a Best Actress nomination at the same ceremony. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 13</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Priyanka_Chopra_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A photograph of Priyanka Chopra attending the 21st Lions Gold Awards" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Priyanka_Chopra_2015.jpg/220px-Priyanka_Chopra_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Priyanka_Chopra_2015.jpg/330px-Priyanka_Chopra_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Priyanka_Chopra_2015.jpg/440px-Priyanka_Chopra_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="443" data-file-height="494" /></a><figcaption>Chopra at the 21st <a href="/wiki/Lions_Clubs_International" title="Lions Clubs International">Lions Gold Awards</a> where she won the Best Actress award for <i><a href="/wiki/Mary_Kom_(film)" title="Mary Kom (film)">Mary Kom</a></i> (2014)</figcaption></figure><br /><br /><a href="/wiki/Priyanka_Chopra" title="Priyanka Chopra">Priyanka Chopra</a> is an Indian actress who has received several awards and nominations including two <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Awards" title="National Film Awards">National Film Award</a>, five <a href="/wiki/Filmfare_Awards" title="Filmfare Awards">Filmfare Awards</a>, eight <a href="/wiki/Producers_Guild_Film_Awards" title="Producers Guild Film Awards">Producers Guild Film Awards</a>, eight <a href="/wiki/Screen_Awards" title="Screen Awards">Screen Awards</a>, six <a href="/wiki/IIFA_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="IIFA Awards">IIFA Awards</a>, and two <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Choice_Awards" title="People's Choice Awards">People's Choice Awards</a>. In 2000, she participated in the <a href="/wiki/Femina_Miss_India" title="Femina Miss India">Femina Miss India</a> contest, where she finished second, winning the Femina Miss India World title. She then entered the <a href="/wiki/Miss_World" title="Miss World">Miss World</a> pageant and was crowned <a href="/wiki/Miss_World_2000" title="Miss World 2000">Miss World 2000</a>, becoming the fifth Indian to win the contest. Chopra made her Bollywood film debut with a supporting role in the 2003 spy thriller <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hero:_Love_Story_of_a_Spy" title="The Hero: Love Story of a Spy">The Hero</a></i>, which earned her the <a href="/wiki/Stardust_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actress" title="Stardust Award for Best Supporting Actress">Stardust Award for Best Supporting Actress</a>. The same year, her performance in the romantic musical <i><a href="/wiki/Andaaz" title="Andaaz">Andaaz</a></i> won her the <a href="/wiki/Filmfare_Award_for_Best_Female_Debut" title="Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut">Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut</a> and a nomination for <a href="/wiki/Filmfare_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actress" title="Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress">Best Supporting Actress</a> at the same ceremony. For her portrayal of a seductress in the romantic thriller <i><a href="/wiki/Aitraaz" title="Aitraaz">Aitraaz</a></i>, Chopra won the <a href="/wiki/Filmfare_Award_for_Best_Performance_in_a_Negative_Role" title="Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role">Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role</a> and received her second nomination for Best Supporting Actress. The same year, she was nominated for the <a href="/wiki/IIFA_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="IIFA Award for Best Actress">IIFA Award for Best Actress</a> for the romantic comedy <i><a href="/wiki/Mujhse_Shaadi_Karogi" title="Mujhse Shaadi Karogi">Mujhse Shaadi Karogi</a></i>.<br /><br />Chopra starred as a troubled model in the drama <i><a href="/wiki/Fashion_(2008_film)" title="Fashion (2008 film)">Fashion</a></i> (2008), for which she won many Best Actress awards in India including the <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Award_for_Best_Actress" class="mw-redirect" title="National Film Award for Best Actress">National Film Award for Best Actress</a> and the Filmfare Award in the <a href="/wiki/Filmfare_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Filmfare Award for Best Actress">same category</a>. In 2010, she received several Best Actress nominations for playing a feisty <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a> woman in the caper thriller <i><a href="/wiki/Kaminey" title="Kaminey">Kaminey</a></i>, winning her second consecutive <a href="/wiki/Producers_Guild_Film_Award_for_Best_Actress_in_a_Leading_Role" title="Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role">Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role</a> after <i>Fashion</i>. The same year, she was nominated for the <a href="/wiki/Screen_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Screen Award for Best Actress">Screen Award for Best Actress</a> for playing twelve distinct roles in the social comedy film <i><a href="/wiki/What%27s_Your_Raashee%3F" title="What's Your Raashee?">What's Your Raashee?</a></i>. For her portrayal of a serial killer, in the 2011 neo-noir <i><a href="/wiki/7_Khoon_Maaf" title="7 Khoon Maaf">7 Khoon Maaf</a></i>, she won the <a href="/wiki/Filmfare_Critics_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress">Filmfare Award for Best Actress (Critics)</a>, in addition to a Best Actress nomination at the same ceremony. (<b><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Priyanka_Chopra" title="List of awards and nominations received by Priyanka Chopra">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 14 The extreme points of India include the coordinates that are further north, south, east or west than any other location in India; and the highest and the lowest altitudes in the country. The northernmost point claimed by India is in territory disputed between India and Pakistan, and administered partially by both. With the exception of Kanyakumari, the southernmost location of mainland India, all other extreme locations are uninhabited. The latitude and longitude are expressed in decimal degree notation, in which a positive latitude value refers to the northern hemisphere, and a negative value refers to the southern hemisphere. Similarly, a positive longitude value refers to the eastern hemisphere, and a negative value refers to the western hemisphere. The coordinates used in this article are sourced from Google Earth, which makes use of the WGS84 geodetic reference system. Additionally, a negative altitude value refers to land below sea level. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 14 The extreme points of India include the coordinates that are further north, south, east or west than any other location in India; and the highest and the lowest altitudes in the country. The northernmost point claimed by India is in territory disputed between India and Pakistan, and administered partially by both. With the exception of Kanyakumari, the southernmost location of mainland India, all other extreme locations are uninhabited. The latitude and longitude are expressed in decimal degree notation, in which a positive latitude value refers to the northern hemisphere, and a negative value refers to the southern hemisphere. Similarly, a positive longitude value refers to the eastern hemisphere, and a negative value refers to the western hemisphere. The coordinates used in this article are sourced from Google Earth, which makes use of the WGS84 geodetic reference system. Additionally, a negative altitude value refers to land below sea level. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 14</span></span><div style="text-align:left;">The <b><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_India" title="List of extreme points of India">extreme points of India</a></b> include the coordinates that are further north, south, east or west than any other location in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>; and the highest and the lowest altitudes in the country. The northernmost point claimed by India is in territory disputed between India and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, and administered partially by both. With the exception of <a href="/wiki/Kanyakumari" title="Kanyakumari">Kanyakumari</a>, the southernmost location of mainland India, all other extreme locations are uninhabited.<br /><br />The latitude and longitude are expressed in <a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system#Degrees:_a_measurement_of_angle" title="Geographic coordinate system">decimal degree notation</a>, in which a positive latitude value refers to the northern hemisphere, and a negative value refers to the southern hemisphere. Similarly, a positive longitude value refers to the eastern hemisphere, and a negative value refers to the western hemisphere. The coordinates used in this article are sourced from <a href="/wiki/Google_Earth" title="Google Earth">Google Earth</a>, which makes use of the <a href="/wiki/World_Geodetic_System" title="World Geodetic System">WGS84</a> geodetic reference system. Additionally, a negative altitude value refers to land below sea level. (<b><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_India" title="List of extreme points of India">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 15 The Indian national cricket team at the Sydney Cricket Ground in 2012. The India national cricket team represents India in international cricket and is a full member of the International Cricket Council with Test and One Day International (ODI) status. They first competed in international cricket in 1932, when they played against England in a three-day Test match; England won the match by 158 runs. India's first Test series as an independent country was against Australia. They secured their first Test win against England in 1952 at Madras Cricket Club Ground. As of 11 April 2024[update], India have played 579 Test matches; they have won 178 matches, lost 178 matches, and 222 matches were drawn with one being tied. India played their first ODI match against England in 1974, but registered their first win against East Africa in 1975. As of 11 April 2024[update], India have played 1055 ODI matches, winning 559 matches and losing 443; 9 matches were tied and 44 matches had no result. They also won the 1983 and 2011 Cricket World Cups, along with the 2002 and the 2013 ICC Champions Trophy. India played their first Twenty20 International (T20I) against South Africa in 2006, winning the match by six wickets, and won the inaugural ICC World Twenty20 in 2007. As of 14 July 2024[update], they have played 232 T20I matches and won 152 of them; 69 were lost, with 4 super-over/bowl-out wins (after being tied), one tied (without a super over) and 6 having no result. India have faced ten teams in Test cricket, with their most frequent opponent being England, against whom they have played 136 matches. India have registered more wins against England than against any other team, with 35. In ODI matches, India have played against 20 teams. They have played against Sri Lanka more frequently in ODI matches, with a winning percentage of 63.37 in 99 out of 168 matches. India have defeated Sri Lanka on 99 occasions, which is their best record in ODIs. The team have played 17 countries in T20Is, and have played 31 matches with Australia. They also have recorded the most victories against Australia, Sri Lanka and the West Indies, defeating all of them in nineteen matches. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 15 The Indian national cricket team at the Sydney Cricket Ground in 2012. The India national cricket team represents India in international cricket and is a full member of the International Cricket Council with Test and One Day International (ODI) status. They first competed in international cricket in 1932, when they played against England in a three-day Test match; England won the match by 158 runs. India's first Test series as an independent country was against Australia. They secured their first Test win against England in 1952 at Madras Cricket Club Ground. As of 11 April 2024[update], India have played 579 Test matches; they have won 178 matches, lost 178 matches, and 222 matches were drawn with one being tied. India played their first ODI match against England in 1974, but registered their first win against East Africa in 1975. As of 11 April 2024[update], India have played 1055 ODI matches, winning 559 matches and losing 443; 9 matches were tied and 44 matches had no result. They also won the 1983 and 2011 Cricket World Cups, along with the 2002 and the 2013 ICC Champions Trophy. India played their first Twenty20 International (T20I) against South Africa in 2006, winning the match by six wickets, and won the inaugural ICC World Twenty20 in 2007. As of 14 July 2024[update], they have played 232 T20I matches and won 152 of them; 69 were lost, with 4 super-over/bowl-out wins (after being tied), one tied (without a super over) and 6 having no result. India have faced ten teams in Test cricket, with their most frequent opponent being England, against whom they have played 136 matches. India have registered more wins against England than against any other team, with 35. In ODI matches, India have played against 20 teams. They have played against Sri Lanka more frequently in ODI matches, with a winning percentage of 63.37 in 99 out of 168 matches. India have defeated Sri Lanka on 99 occasions, which is their best record in ODIs. The team have played 17 countries in T20Is, and have played 31 matches with Australia. They also have recorded the most victories against Australia, Sri Lanka and the West Indies, defeating all of them in nineteen matches. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 15</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_cricket_team.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The view of a cricket field. Players wearing blue outfits can be seen." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Indian_cricket_team.jpg/275px-Indian_cricket_team.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Indian_cricket_team.jpg/413px-Indian_cricket_team.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Indian_cricket_team.jpg/550px-Indian_cricket_team.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>The Indian national cricket team at the <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Cricket_Ground" title="Sydney Cricket Ground">Sydney Cricket Ground</a> in 2012.</figcaption></figure><br />The <a href="/wiki/India_national_cricket_team" title="India national cricket team">India national cricket team</a> represents <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> in international <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> and is a full member of the <a href="/wiki/International_Cricket_Council" title="International Cricket Council">International Cricket Council</a> with <a href="/wiki/Test_cricket" title="Test cricket">Test</a> and <a href="/wiki/One_Day_International" title="One Day International">One Day International</a> (ODI) status. They first competed in international cricket in 1932, when they played against <a href="/wiki/England_national_cricket_team" class="mw-redirect" title="England national cricket team">England</a> in a three-day Test match; England won the match by 158 <a href="/wiki/Run_(cricket)" title="Run (cricket)">runs</a>. India's first Test series as an independent country was against <a href="/wiki/Australia_national_cricket_team" title="Australia national cricket team">Australia</a>. They secured their first Test win against England in 1952 at <a href="/wiki/Madras_Cricket_Club_Ground" class="mw-redirect" title="Madras Cricket Club Ground">Madras Cricket Club Ground</a>. As of 11 April 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, India have played 579 Test matches; they have won 178 matches, lost 178 matches, and 222 matches were <a href="/wiki/Draw_(cricket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Draw (cricket)">drawn</a> with one being <a href="/wiki/Tie_(cricket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tie (cricket)">tied</a>. India played their first ODI match against England in 1974, but registered their first win against <a href="/wiki/East_Africa_cricket_team" title="East Africa cricket team">East Africa</a> in 1975. As of 11 April 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, India have played 1055 ODI matches, winning 559 matches and losing 443; 9 matches were tied and 44 matches had <a href="/wiki/No_result" class="mw-redirect" title="No result">no result</a>. They also won the <a href="/wiki/1983_Cricket_World_Cup" title="1983 Cricket World Cup">1983</a> and <a href="/wiki/2011_Cricket_World_Cup" title="2011 Cricket World Cup">2011 Cricket World Cups</a>, along with the <a href="/wiki/2002_ICC_Champions_Trophy" title="2002 ICC Champions Trophy">2002</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2013_ICC_Champions_Trophy" title="2013 ICC Champions Trophy">2013 ICC Champions Trophy</a>. India played their first <a href="/wiki/Twenty20_International" title="Twenty20 International">Twenty20 International</a> (T20I) against <a href="/wiki/South_Africa_national_cricket_team" title="South Africa national cricket team">South Africa</a> in 2006, winning the match by six <a href="/wiki/Wicket#Winning_by_number_of_wickets" title="Wicket">wickets</a>, and won the inaugural <a href="/wiki/ICC_World_Twenty20" class="mw-redirect" title="ICC World Twenty20">ICC World Twenty20</a> in <a href="/wiki/2007_ICC_World_Twenty20" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 ICC World Twenty20">2007</a>. As of 14 July 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, they have played 232 T20I matches and won 152 of them; 69 were lost, with 4 super-over/bowl-out wins (after being tied), one tied (without a super over) and 6 having no result.<br /><br />India have faced ten teams in Test cricket, with their most frequent opponent being England, against whom they have played 136 matches. India have registered more wins against England than against any other team, with 35. In ODI matches, India have played against 20 teams. They have played against Sri Lanka more frequently in ODI matches, with a winning percentage of 63.37 in 99 out of 168 matches. India have defeated Sri Lanka on 99 occasions, which is their best record in ODIs. The team have played 17 countries in T20Is, and have played 31 matches with Australia. They also have recorded the most victories against Australia, Sri Lanka and the West Indies, defeating all of them in nineteen matches. (<b><a href="/wiki/India_national_cricket_team_record_by_opponent" title="India national cricket team record by opponent">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 16 Recent winner : Blessy for the Movie, The Goat Life The Kerala State Film Award for Best Director is an honour presented annually at the Kerala State Film Awards of India since 1969. It is given to a film director who has exhibited outstanding direction while working in the Malayalam film industry. Until 1997, the awards were managed directly by the Department of Cultural Affairs of the Government of Kerala. Since 1998, the Kerala State Chalachitra Academy, an autonomous non-profit organisation functioning under the Department of Cultural Affairs, has been exercising control over the awards. The recipients are decided by an independent jury formed by the academy. They are declared by the Minister for Cultural Affairs and are presented by the Chief Minister. The first Kerala State Film Awards ceremony was held in 1970 with cinematographer-director A. Vincent receiving the Best Director award for his work in Nadhi (1969). Throughout the years, accounting for ties and repeat winners, the Government of Kerala has presented a total of 50 best director awards to 25 different filmmakers. The recipients receive a figurine, a certificate, and a cash prize of ₹2 lakh (US$2,400). (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 16 Recent winner : Blessy for the Movie, The Goat Life The Kerala State Film Award for Best Director is an honour presented annually at the Kerala State Film Awards of India since 1969. It is given to a film director who has exhibited outstanding direction while working in the Malayalam film industry. Until 1997, the awards were managed directly by the Department of Cultural Affairs of the Government of Kerala. Since 1998, the Kerala State Chalachitra Academy, an autonomous non-profit organisation functioning under the Department of Cultural Affairs, has been exercising control over the awards. The recipients are decided by an independent jury formed by the academy. They are declared by the Minister for Cultural Affairs and are presented by the Chief Minister. The first Kerala State Film Awards ceremony was held in 1970 with cinematographer-director A. Vincent receiving the Best Director award for his work in Nadhi (1969). Throughout the years, accounting for ties and repeat winners, the Government of Kerala has presented a total of 50 best director awards to 25 different filmmakers. The recipients receive a figurine, a certificate, and a cash prize of ₹2 lakh (US$2,400). (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 16</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Blessy_Director.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Blessy_Director.jpg/220px-Blessy_Director.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Blessy_Director.jpg/330px-Blessy_Director.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Blessy_Director.jpg/440px-Blessy_Director.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4456" data-file-height="6360" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Recent winner : <a href="/wiki/Blessy" title="Blessy">Blessy</a> for the Movie, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Goat_Life" title="The Goat Life">The Goat Life</a></i></div></div></div></div><br />The <b><a href="/wiki/Kerala_State_Film_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Kerala State Film Award for Best Director">Kerala State Film Award for Best Director</a></b> is an honour presented annually at the <a href="/wiki/Kerala_State_Film_Awards" title="Kerala State Film Awards">Kerala State Film Awards</a> of India since 1969. It is given to a film director who has exhibited outstanding direction while working in the <a href="/wiki/Malayalam_film_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayalam film industry">Malayalam film industry</a>. Until 1997, the awards were managed directly by the Department of Cultural Affairs of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Kerala" title="Government of Kerala">Government of Kerala</a>. Since 1998, the <a href="/wiki/Kerala_State_Chalachitra_Academy" title="Kerala State Chalachitra Academy">Kerala State Chalachitra Academy</a>, an autonomous non-profit organisation functioning under the Department of Cultural Affairs, has been exercising control over the awards. The recipients are decided by an independent jury formed by the academy. They are declared by the Minister for Cultural Affairs and are presented by the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chief_Ministers_of_Kerala" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chief Ministers of Kerala">Chief Minister</a>.<br /><br />The first Kerala State Film Awards ceremony was held in 1970 with cinematographer-director <a href="/wiki/A._Vincent" title="A. Vincent">A. Vincent</a> receiving the Best Director award for his work in <i><a href="/wiki/Nadhi_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nadhi (film)">Nadhi</a></i> (1969). Throughout the years, accounting for ties and repeat winners, the Government of Kerala has presented a total of 50 best director awards to 25 different filmmakers. The recipients receive a figurine, a certificate, and a cash prize of <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">₹</a></span>2 lakh</span> (US$2,400). (<b><a href="/wiki/Kerala_State_Film_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Kerala State Film Award for Best Director">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 17 Suriya in 2011 Suriya is an Indian actor and film producer who works primarily in Tamil cinema. He made a commercially successful cinematic debut in Vasanth's Nerrukku Ner (1997). After few critical and commercial failures, Suriya collaborated with Vasanth again in Poovellam Kettuppar (1999), his first film with his future wife Jyothika. In 2001, Suriya starred in Bala's Nandha as an ex-convict trying to find his place in society. The film was critically acclaimed and became a turning point in his career. His roles as a police officer in Gautham Vasudev Menon's Kaakha Kaakha (which became his first blockbuster) and a con artist in Bala's Pithamagan, established him as one of Tamil cinema's leading actors. Suriya's performances in both films were praised, winning him a Best Actor nomination for the former and the Best Supporting Actor for Pithamagan at the 51st Filmfare Awards South. The following year, he played dual roles—a hunchback and a college student—in Perazhagan. Suriya's performance was again praised, and he received his first Filmfare Best Actor award. He was also acclaimed for his performance as a student leader in Mani Ratnam's Aayutha Ezhuthu (2004). (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 17 Suriya in 2011 Suriya is an Indian actor and film producer who works primarily in Tamil cinema. He made a commercially successful cinematic debut in Vasanth's Nerrukku Ner (1997). After few critical and commercial failures, Suriya collaborated with Vasanth again in Poovellam Kettuppar (1999), his first film with his future wife Jyothika. In 2001, Suriya starred in Bala's Nandha as an ex-convict trying to find his place in society. The film was critically acclaimed and became a turning point in his career. His roles as a police officer in Gautham Vasudev Menon's Kaakha Kaakha (which became his first blockbuster) and a con artist in Bala's Pithamagan, established him as one of Tamil cinema's leading actors. Suriya's performances in both films were praised, winning him a Best Actor nomination for the former and the Best Supporting Actor for Pithamagan at the 51st Filmfare Awards South. The following year, he played dual roles—a hunchback and a college student—in Perazhagan. Suriya's performance was again praised, and he received his first Filmfare Best Actor award. He was also acclaimed for his performance as a student leader in Mani Ratnam's Aayutha Ezhuthu (2004). (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 17</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Soorya_sivakumar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Soorya_sivakumar.jpg/220px-Soorya_sivakumar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Soorya_sivakumar.jpg/330px-Soorya_sivakumar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Soorya_sivakumar.jpg/440px-Soorya_sivakumar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3146" data-file-height="3916" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Suriya in 2011</div></div></div></div><br /><a href="/wiki/Suriya" title="Suriya">Suriya</a> is an Indian actor and film producer who works primarily in <a href="/wiki/Tamil_cinema" title="Tamil cinema">Tamil cinema</a>. He made a commercially successful cinematic debut in <a href="/wiki/Vasanth" title="Vasanth">Vasanth</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Nerrukku_Ner" title="Nerrukku Ner">Nerrukku Ner</a></i> (1997). After few critical and commercial failures, Suriya collaborated with Vasanth again in <i><a href="/wiki/Poovellam_Kettuppar" title="Poovellam Kettuppar">Poovellam Kettuppar</a></i> (1999), his first film with his future wife <a href="/wiki/Jyothika" title="Jyothika">Jyothika</a>.<br /><br />In 2001, Suriya starred in <a href="/wiki/Bala_(director)" title="Bala (director)">Bala</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Nandha" title="Nandha">Nandha</a></i> as an ex-convict trying to find his place in society. The film was critically acclaimed and became a turning point in his career. His roles as a police officer in <a href="/wiki/Gautham_Vasudev_Menon" title="Gautham Vasudev Menon">Gautham Vasudev Menon</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Kaakha_Kaakha" title="Kaakha Kaakha">Kaakha Kaakha</a></i> (which became his first blockbuster) and a <a href="/wiki/Confidence_trick" class="mw-redirect" title="Confidence trick">con artist</a> in Bala's <i><a href="/wiki/Pithamagan" title="Pithamagan">Pithamagan</a></i>, established him as one of Tamil cinema's leading actors. Suriya's performances in both films were praised, winning him a <a href="/wiki/Filmfare_Award_for_Best_Actor_%E2%80%93_Tamil" title="Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil">Best Actor</a> nomination for the former and the <a href="/wiki/Filmfare_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor_%E2%80%93_Tamil" title="Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Tamil">Best Supporting Actor</a> for <i>Pithamagan</i> at the <a href="/wiki/51st_Filmfare_Awards_South" title="51st Filmfare Awards South">51st Filmfare Awards South</a>. The following year, he played <a href="/wiki/Dual_role" title="Dual role">dual roles</a>—a hunchback and a college student—in <i><a href="/wiki/Perazhagan" title="Perazhagan">Perazhagan</a></i>. Suriya's performance was again praised, and he received his first <a href="/wiki/52nd_Filmfare_Awards_South" title="52nd Filmfare Awards South">Filmfare Best Actor award</a>. He was also acclaimed for his performance as a student leader in <a href="/wiki/Mani_Ratnam" title="Mani Ratnam">Mani Ratnam</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Aayutha_Ezhuthu" title="Aayutha Ezhuthu">Aayutha Ezhuthu</a></i> (2004). (<b><a href="/wiki/Suriya_filmography" title="Suriya filmography">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 18 2012 Winner : Rima Kallingal The Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress is an award presented annually at the Kerala State Film Awards of India since 1969 to an actress for the best performance within the Malayalam film industry. Until 1997, the awards were managed directly by the Department of Cultural Affairs, Government of Kerala. Since 1998, the Kerala State Chalachitra Academy, an autonomous non-profit organisation functioning under the Department of Cultural Affairs, has been exercising control over the awards. The awardees, decided by a jury formed by the academy, are declared by the Minister for Cultural Affairs and are presented by the Chief Minister. The 1st Kerala State Film Awards ceremony was held in 1970 with Sheela receiving the Best Actress award for her role in Kallichellamma (1969). The following year, Sharada was recognised for her performances in two films—Thriveni and Thara. Since then, several actresses have been awarded for more than one film during a year. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 18 2012 Winner : Rima Kallingal The Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress is an award presented annually at the Kerala State Film Awards of India since 1969 to an actress for the best performance within the Malayalam film industry. Until 1997, the awards were managed directly by the Department of Cultural Affairs, Government of Kerala. Since 1998, the Kerala State Chalachitra Academy, an autonomous non-profit organisation functioning under the Department of Cultural Affairs, has been exercising control over the awards. The awardees, decided by a jury formed by the academy, are declared by the Minister for Cultural Affairs and are presented by the Chief Minister. The 1st Kerala State Film Awards ceremony was held in 1970 with Sheela receiving the Best Actress award for her role in Kallichellamma (1969). The following year, Sharada was recognised for her performances in two films—Thriveni and Thara. Since then, several actresses have been awarded for more than one film during a year. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 18</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Rima_Kallingal_Actor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Rima_Kallingal_Actor.jpg/220px-Rima_Kallingal_Actor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Rima_Kallingal_Actor.jpg/330px-Rima_Kallingal_Actor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Rima_Kallingal_Actor.jpg/440px-Rima_Kallingal_Actor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3021" data-file-height="3643" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">2012 Winner : Rima Kallingal</div></div></div></div><br />The <b><a href="/wiki/Kerala_State_Film_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress">Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress</a></b> is an award presented annually at the <a href="/wiki/Kerala_State_Film_Awards" title="Kerala State Film Awards">Kerala State Film Awards</a> of India since 1969 to an actress for the best performance within the <a href="/wiki/Malayalam_cinema" title="Malayalam cinema">Malayalam film industry</a>. Until 1997, the awards were managed directly by the Department of Cultural Affairs, <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Kerala" title="Government of Kerala">Government of Kerala</a>. Since 1998, the <a href="/wiki/Kerala_State_Chalachitra_Academy" title="Kerala State Chalachitra Academy">Kerala State Chalachitra Academy</a>, an autonomous non-profit organisation functioning under the Department of Cultural Affairs, has been exercising control over the awards. The awardees, decided by a jury formed by the academy, are declared by the Minister for Cultural Affairs and are presented by the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chief_Ministers_of_Kerala" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chief Ministers of Kerala">Chief Minister</a>.<br /><br />The 1st Kerala State Film Awards ceremony was held in 1970 with <a href="/wiki/Sheela" title="Sheela">Sheela</a> receiving the Best Actress award for her role in <i><a href="/wiki/Kallichellamma" title="Kallichellamma">Kallichellamma</a></i> (1969). The following year, <a href="/wiki/Sharada_(actress)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharada (actress)">Sharada</a> was recognised for her performances in two films—<i><a href="/wiki/Thriveni" title="Thriveni">Thriveni</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Thara_(film)" title="Thara (film)">Thara</a></i>. Since then, several actresses have been awarded for more than one film during a year. (<b><a href="/wiki/Kerala_State_Film_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 19 Kangana Ranaut's performance in Queen garnered her several awards and nominations including the National Film Award for Best Actress at the 62nd National Film Awards. Queen is a 2013 Indian comedy-drama film directed by Vikas Bahl and produced by Anurag Kashyap and Vikramaditya Motwane. The film stars Kangana Ranaut in the lead role, and features Rajkummar Rao and Lisa Haydon in supporting roles. The film was edited by Abhijit Kokate and Kashyap, and the cinematography was provided by Bobby Singh. Amit Trivedi composed the musical score for the film. Queen tells the story of Rani, an under-confident woman, who embarks on her honeymoon alone after her fiancé calls off their wedding. Made on a budget of ₹125 million (US$1.5 million), Queen was released on 7 March 2014, and grossed ₹970 million (US$12 million) worldwide. The film garnered awards and nominations in several categories, with particular praise for its direction, performance of Ranaut, cinematography, and editing. As of June 2015, the film has won 32 awards. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 19 Kangana Ranaut's performance in Queen garnered her several awards and nominations including the National Film Award for Best Actress at the 62nd National Film Awards. Queen is a 2013 Indian comedy-drama film directed by Vikas Bahl and produced by Anurag Kashyap and Vikramaditya Motwane. The film stars Kangana Ranaut in the lead role, and features Rajkummar Rao and Lisa Haydon in supporting roles. The film was edited by Abhijit Kokate and Kashyap, and the cinematography was provided by Bobby Singh. Amit Trivedi composed the musical score for the film. Queen tells the story of Rani, an under-confident woman, who embarks on her honeymoon alone after her fiancé calls off their wedding. Made on a budget of ₹125 million (US$1.5 million), Queen was released on 7 March 2014, and grossed ₹970 million (US$12 million) worldwide. The film garnered awards and nominations in several categories, with particular praise for its direction, performance of Ranaut, cinematography, and editing. As of June 2015, the film has won 32 awards. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 19</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kangna_Ranaut_at_Success_party_of_Queen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Kangna_Ranaut_at_Success_party_of_Queen.jpg" decoding="async" width="183" height="324" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="183" data-file-height="324" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kangana_Ranaut" title="Kangana Ranaut">Kangana Ranaut</a>'s performance in <i><a href="/wiki/Queen_(2014_film)" title="Queen (2014 film)">Queen</a></i> garnered her several awards and nominations including the <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Award_for_Best_Actress" class="mw-redirect" title="National Film Award for Best Actress">National Film Award for Best Actress</a> at the <a href="/wiki/62nd_National_Film_Awards" title="62nd National Film Awards">62nd National Film Awards</a>.</figcaption></figure><br /><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Queen_(2014_film)" title="Queen (2014 film)">Queen</a></i> is a 2013 <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_India" title="Cinema of India">Indian</a> comedy-drama film directed by <a href="/wiki/Vikas_Bahl" title="Vikas Bahl">Vikas Bahl</a> and produced by <a href="/wiki/Anurag_Kashyap" title="Anurag Kashyap">Anurag Kashyap</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vikramaditya_Motwane" title="Vikramaditya Motwane">Vikramaditya Motwane</a>. The film stars <a href="/wiki/Kangana_Ranaut" title="Kangana Ranaut">Kangana Ranaut</a> in the lead role, and features <a href="/wiki/Rajkummar_Rao" title="Rajkummar Rao">Rajkummar Rao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Haydon" title="Lisa Haydon">Lisa Haydon</a> in supporting roles. The film was edited by <a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Kokate" title="Abhijit Kokate">Abhijit Kokate</a> and Kashyap, and the cinematography was provided by <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Singh_(cinematographer)" title="Bobby Singh (cinematographer)">Bobby Singh</a>. <a href="/wiki/Amit_Trivedi" title="Amit Trivedi">Amit Trivedi</a> composed the <a href="/wiki/Queen_(soundtrack)" title="Queen (soundtrack)">musical score for the film</a>. <i>Queen</i> tells the story of Rani, an under-confident woman, who embarks on her honeymoon alone after her fiancé calls off their wedding.<br /><br />Made on a budget of <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>125 million</span> (US$1.5 million), <i>Queen</i> was released on 7 March 2014, and grossed <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>970 million</span> (US$12 million) worldwide. The film garnered awards and nominations in several categories, with particular praise for its direction, performance of Ranaut, cinematography, and editing. As of June 2015, the film has won 32 awards. (<b><a href="/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_Queen_(film)" title="List of accolades received by Queen (film)">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 20 The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) designates World Heritage Sites of outstanding universal value to cultural or natural heritage which have been nominated by countries which are signatories to the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, established in 1972. Cultural heritage consists of monuments (such as architectural works, monumental sculptures, or inscriptions), groups of buildings, and sites (including archaeological sites). Natural features (consisting of physical and biological formations), geological and physiographical formations (including habitats of threatened species of animals and plants), and natural sites which are important from the point of view of science, conservation or natural beauty, are defined as natural heritage. India accepted the convention on 14 November 1977, making its sites eligible for inclusion on the list. There are 43 World Heritage Sites in India. Out of these, 35 are cultural, seven are natural, and one, Khangchendzonga National Park, is of mixed type, listed for both cultural and natural properties. India has the sixth-most sites worldwide. The first sites to be listed were the Ajanta Caves, Ellora Caves, Agra Fort, and Taj Mahal, all of which were inscribed in the 1983 session of the World Heritage Committee. The most recent site listed is the Moidams – the Mound-Burial System of the Ahom Dynasty, in 2024. At different times, two sites were listed as endangered: the Manas Wildlife Sanctuary was listed between 1992 and 2011 due to poaching and the activities of Bodo militias, and the monuments at Hampi were listed between 1999 and 2006 due to risks from increased traffic and new constructions in surroundings. One site is transnational: The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier is shared with six other countries. In addition, India has 56 sites on its tentative list. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 20 The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) designates World Heritage Sites of outstanding universal value to cultural or natural heritage which have been nominated by countries which are signatories to the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, established in 1972. Cultural heritage consists of monuments (such as architectural works, monumental sculptures, or inscriptions), groups of buildings, and sites (including archaeological sites). Natural features (consisting of physical and biological formations), geological and physiographical formations (including habitats of threatened species of animals and plants), and natural sites which are important from the point of view of science, conservation or natural beauty, are defined as natural heritage. India accepted the convention on 14 November 1977, making its sites eligible for inclusion on the list. There are 43 World Heritage Sites in India. Out of these, 35 are cultural, seven are natural, and one, Khangchendzonga National Park, is of mixed type, listed for both cultural and natural properties. India has the sixth-most sites worldwide. The first sites to be listed were the Ajanta Caves, Ellora Caves, Agra Fort, and Taj Mahal, all of which were inscribed in the 1983 session of the World Heritage Committee. The most recent site listed is the Moidams – the Mound-Burial System of the Ahom Dynasty, in 2024. At different times, two sites were listed as endangered: the Manas Wildlife Sanctuary was listed between 1992 and 2011 due to poaching and the activities of Bodo militias, and the monuments at Hampi were listed between 1999 and 2006 due to risks from increased traffic and new constructions in surroundings. One site is transnational: The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier is shared with six other countries. In addition, India has 56 sites on its tentative list. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 20</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_ffff00_pog.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Yellow_ffff00_pog.svg/220px-Yellow_ffff00_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Yellow_ffff00_pog.svg/330px-Yellow_ffff00_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Yellow_ffff00_pog.svg/440px-Yellow_ffff00_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br />The <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization</a> (UNESCO) designates <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a> of outstanding universal value to <a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage" title="Cultural heritage">cultural</a> or <a href="/wiki/Natural_heritage" title="Natural heritage">natural heritage</a> which have been nominated by countries which are signatories to the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, established in 1972. Cultural heritage consists of monuments (such as architectural works, monumental sculptures, or inscriptions), groups of buildings, and sites (including archaeological sites). Natural features (consisting of physical and biological formations), geological and physiographical formations (including habitats of threatened species of animals and plants), and natural sites which are important from the point of view of science, conservation or natural beauty, are defined as natural heritage. <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> accepted the convention on 14 November 1977, making its sites eligible for inclusion on the list.<br /><br />There are 43 World Heritage Sites in India. Out of these, 35 are cultural, seven are natural, and one, <a href="/wiki/Khangchendzonga_National_Park" title="Khangchendzonga National Park">Khangchendzonga National Park</a>, is of mixed type, listed for both cultural and natural properties. India has the <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites_by_country" title="World Heritage Sites by country">sixth-most sites</a> worldwide. The first sites to be listed were the <a href="/wiki/Ajanta_Caves" title="Ajanta Caves">Ajanta Caves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ellora_Caves" title="Ellora Caves">Ellora Caves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agra_Fort" title="Agra Fort">Agra Fort</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Taj_Mahal" title="Taj Mahal">Taj Mahal</a>, all of which were inscribed in the 1983 session of the <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">World Heritage Committee</a>. The most recent site listed is the <a href="/wiki/Maidam" class="mw-redirect" title="Maidam">Moidams – the Mound-Burial System of the Ahom Dynasty</a>, in 2024. At different times, two sites were listed as <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_in_Danger" title="List of World Heritage in Danger">endangered</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Manas_National_Park" title="Manas National Park">Manas Wildlife Sanctuary</a> was listed between 1992 and 2011 due to poaching and the activities of <a href="/wiki/Boro_people" title="Boro people">Bodo</a> militias, and the monuments at <a href="/wiki/Hampi" title="Hampi">Hampi</a> were listed between 1999 and 2006 due to risks from increased traffic and new constructions in surroundings. One site is transnational: <a href="/wiki/The_Architectural_Work_of_Le_Corbusier" title="The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier">The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier</a> is shared with six other countries. In addition, India has 56 sites on its tentative list. (<b><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_India" title="List of World Heritage Sites in India">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 21 Dil Dhadakne Do (transl. Let the Heart Beat) is a 2015 Indian comedy-drama film directed by Zoya Akhtar. Produced by Ritesh Sidhwani and Farhan Akhtar, the film features an ensemble cast consisting of Anil Kapoor, Shefali Shah, Priyanka Chopra, Ranveer Singh, Anushka Sharma and Farhan Akhtar. The supporting cast also includes Rahul Bose, Zarina Wahab, Vikrant Massey, Ridhima Sud, Pawan Chopra, Parmeet Sethi, Dolly Mattdo and Manoj Pahwa. Akhtar co-wrote the screenplay with her friend and longtime collaborator Reema Kagti. The soundtrack was composed by the trio Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy while the cinematography was provided by Carlos Catalan. Anand Subaya and Manan Mehta edited the film. The film tells the story of the Mehras, a dysfunctional Punjabi family who invite their family and friends along on a cruise trip to celebrate the parents' 30th wedding anniversary. Dil Dhadakne Do was released worldwide on 5 June 2015 to positive reviews from critics. The film grossed ₹1.45 billion at global box office on a budget of ₹580 million. The film garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for Akhtar's direction, the performances, the music and costume design. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 21 Dil Dhadakne Do (transl. Let the Heart Beat) is a 2015 Indian comedy-drama film directed by Zoya Akhtar. Produced by Ritesh Sidhwani and Farhan Akhtar, the film features an ensemble cast consisting of Anil Kapoor, Shefali Shah, Priyanka Chopra, Ranveer Singh, Anushka Sharma and Farhan Akhtar. The supporting cast also includes Rahul Bose, Zarina Wahab, Vikrant Massey, Ridhima Sud, Pawan Chopra, Parmeet Sethi, Dolly Mattdo and Manoj Pahwa. Akhtar co-wrote the screenplay with her friend and longtime collaborator Reema Kagti. The soundtrack was composed by the trio Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy while the cinematography was provided by Carlos Catalan. Anand Subaya and Manan Mehta edited the film. The film tells the story of the Mehras, a dysfunctional Punjabi family who invite their family and friends along on a cruise trip to celebrate the parents' 30th wedding anniversary. Dil Dhadakne Do was released worldwide on 5 June 2015 to positive reviews from critics. The film grossed ₹1.45 billion at global box office on a budget of ₹580 million. The film garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for Akhtar's direction, the performances, the music and costume design. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 21</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anil_Kapoor_1.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Anil_Kapoor_1.jpeg/220px-Anil_Kapoor_1.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Anil_Kapoor_1.jpeg/330px-Anil_Kapoor_1.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Anil_Kapoor_1.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="422" data-file-height="614" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Dil_Dhadakne_Do" title="Dil Dhadakne Do">Dil Dhadakne Do</a></i> (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr> <i>Let the Heart Beat</i>) is a 2015 Indian <a href="/wiki/Comedy-drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Comedy-drama">comedy-drama</a> film directed by <a href="/wiki/Zoya_Akhtar" title="Zoya Akhtar">Zoya Akhtar</a>. Produced by <a href="/wiki/Ritesh_Sidhwani" title="Ritesh Sidhwani">Ritesh Sidhwani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Farhan_Akhtar" title="Farhan Akhtar">Farhan Akhtar</a>, the film features an <a href="/wiki/Ensemble_cast" title="Ensemble cast">ensemble cast</a> consisting of <a href="/wiki/Anil_Kapoor" title="Anil Kapoor">Anil Kapoor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shefali_Shah" title="Shefali Shah">Shefali Shah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Priyanka_Chopra" title="Priyanka Chopra">Priyanka Chopra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ranveer_Singh" title="Ranveer Singh">Ranveer Singh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anushka_Sharma" title="Anushka Sharma">Anushka Sharma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Farhan_Akhtar" title="Farhan Akhtar">Farhan Akhtar</a>. The supporting cast also includes <a href="/wiki/Rahul_Bose" title="Rahul Bose">Rahul Bose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zarina_Wahab" title="Zarina Wahab">Zarina Wahab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vikrant_Massey" title="Vikrant Massey">Vikrant Massey</a>, Ridhima Sud, <a href="/wiki/Pawan_Chopra" title="Pawan Chopra">Pawan Chopra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parmeet_Sethi" title="Parmeet Sethi">Parmeet Sethi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolly_Minhas" title="Dolly Minhas">Dolly Mattdo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manoj_Pahwa" title="Manoj Pahwa">Manoj Pahwa</a>. Akhtar co-wrote the screenplay with her friend and longtime collaborator <a href="/wiki/Reema_Kagti" title="Reema Kagti">Reema Kagti</a>. The soundtrack was composed by the trio <a href="/wiki/Shankar%E2%80%93Ehsaan%E2%80%93Loy" title="Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy">Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy</a> while the cinematography was provided by Carlos Catalan. Anand Subaya and Manan Mehta edited the film.<br /><br />The film tells the story of the Mehras, a dysfunctional <a href="/wiki/Punjabis" title="Punjabis">Punjabi</a> family who invite their family and friends along on a cruise trip to celebrate the parents' 30th wedding anniversary. <i>Dil Dhadakne Do</i> was released worldwide on 5 June 2015 to positive reviews from critics. The film grossed <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>1.45 billion at global box office on a budget of <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>580 million. The film garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for Akhtar's direction, the performances, the music and costume design. (<b><a href="/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_Dil_Dhadakne_Do" title="List of accolades received by Dil Dhadakne Do">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 22 Vishwaroopam is a 2013 Indian spy thriller film directed by Kamal Haasan. Besides starring in the lead role with Pooja Kumar, Haasan co-produced the film with S. Chandrahaasan and Prasad V. Potluri, and co-wrote the script with Atul Tiwari. Andrea Jeremiah, Rahul Bose, Shekhar Kapur and Nassar play supporting roles in the film. The film's story revolves around Wisam Ahmed Kashmiri, a spy from India's intelligence agency Research and Analysis Wing, stopping a group of Al-Qaeda terrorists led by Omar (Bose) from triggering a dirty bomb made by scraping caesium from oncological equipment in New York City. A bilingual film, made in Tamil and Hindi (as Vishwaroop), the soundtrack and score were composed by Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy. Sanu Varghese and Mahesh Narayanan were in charge of the film's cinematography and editing respectively. Lalgudi N. Ilaiyaraaja and Boontawee 'Thor' Taweepasas were in charge of art direction while Birju Maharaj handled the choreography. Vishwaroopam was made on a budget of ₹950 million. The film was released on 25 January 2013 worldwide except Tamil Nadu where it was banned due to protest by Islamic organisations which cited that Muslims were depicted in a negative manner. The ban on the film was lifted and it released on 7 February 2013 after a mutual agreement between Haasan and the organisations; the Hindi version was released on 1 February 2013. Both versions received generally positive reviews and were commercial successes at the box office, collectively grossing ₹2.2 billion overall. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 22 Vishwaroopam is a 2013 Indian spy thriller film directed by Kamal Haasan. Besides starring in the lead role with Pooja Kumar, Haasan co-produced the film with S. Chandrahaasan and Prasad V. Potluri, and co-wrote the script with Atul Tiwari. Andrea Jeremiah, Rahul Bose, Shekhar Kapur and Nassar play supporting roles in the film. The film's story revolves around Wisam Ahmed Kashmiri, a spy from India's intelligence agency Research and Analysis Wing, stopping a group of Al-Qaeda terrorists led by Omar (Bose) from triggering a dirty bomb made by scraping caesium from oncological equipment in New York City. A bilingual film, made in Tamil and Hindi (as Vishwaroop), the soundtrack and score were composed by Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy. Sanu Varghese and Mahesh Narayanan were in charge of the film's cinematography and editing respectively. Lalgudi N. Ilaiyaraaja and Boontawee 'Thor' Taweepasas were in charge of art direction while Birju Maharaj handled the choreography. Vishwaroopam was made on a budget of ₹950 million. The film was released on 25 January 2013 worldwide except Tamil Nadu where it was banned due to protest by Islamic organisations which cited that Muslims were depicted in a negative manner. The ban on the film was lifted and it released on 7 February 2013 after a mutual agreement between Haasan and the organisations; the Hindi version was released on 1 February 2013. Both versions received generally positive reviews and were commercial successes at the box office, collectively grossing ₹2.2 billion overall. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 22</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><a href="/wiki/Vishwaroopam" title="Vishwaroopam">Vishwaroopam</a></i> is a 2013 Indian <a href="/wiki/Spy_film" title="Spy film">spy</a> <a href="/wiki/Thriller_film" title="Thriller film">thriller film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Kamal_Haasan" title="Kamal Haasan">Kamal Haasan</a>. Besides starring in the lead role with <a href="/wiki/Pooja_Kumar" title="Pooja Kumar">Pooja Kumar</a>, Haasan co-produced the film with S. Chandrahaasan and <a href="/wiki/Prasad_V._Potluri" title="Prasad V. Potluri">Prasad V. Potluri</a>, and co-wrote the script with Atul Tiwari. <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Jeremiah" title="Andrea Jeremiah">Andrea Jeremiah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rahul_Bose" title="Rahul Bose">Rahul Bose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shekhar_Kapur" title="Shekhar Kapur">Shekhar Kapur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nassar_(actor)" title="Nassar (actor)">Nassar</a> play supporting roles in the film. The film's story revolves around Wisam Ahmed Kashmiri, a spy from India's intelligence agency <a href="/wiki/Research_and_Analysis_Wing" title="Research and Analysis Wing">Research and Analysis Wing</a>, stopping a group of <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a> terrorists led by Omar (Bose) from triggering a <a href="/wiki/Dirty_bomb" title="Dirty bomb">dirty bomb</a> made by scraping <a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium">caesium</a> from oncological equipment in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. A bilingual film, made in <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> (as <i>Vishwaroop</i>), the <a href="/wiki/Vishwaroopam_(soundtrack)" title="Vishwaroopam (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a> and score were composed by <a href="/wiki/Shankar%E2%80%93Ehsaan%E2%80%93Loy" title="Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy">Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sanu_Varghese" title="Sanu Varghese">Sanu Varghese</a> and Mahesh Narayanan were in charge of the film's cinematography and editing respectively. Lalgudi N. Ilaiyaraaja and Boontawee 'Thor' Taweepasas were in charge of art direction while <a href="/wiki/Birju_Maharaj" title="Birju Maharaj">Birju Maharaj</a> handled the choreography.<br /><br /><i>Vishwaroopam</i> was made on a budget of <a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee_sign" title="Indian rupee sign">₹</a>950 million. The film was released on 25 January 2013 worldwide except Tamil Nadu where it was banned due to <a href="/wiki/Controversies_related_to_Vishwaroopam#Islamic_protests_and_banning" class="mw-redirect" title="Controversies related to Vishwaroopam">protest by Islamic organisations</a> which cited that Muslims were depicted in a negative manner. The ban on the film was lifted and it released on 7 February 2013 after a mutual agreement between Haasan and the organisations; the Hindi version was released on 1 February 2013. Both versions received generally positive reviews and were commercial successes at the box office, collectively grossing ₹2.2 billion overall. (<b><a href="/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_Vishwaroopam" title="List of accolades received by Vishwaroopam">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 23 Dixit in 2019 Indian actress Madhuri Dixit made her acting debut in 1984 with Abodh where she portrayed a young bride. Dixit went on to appear in several films over the next three years, including the dramas Awara Baap (1985) and Swati (1986), though none of them garnered her much recognition. The role of Mohini in N. Chandra's action romance drama Tezaab (1988) proved to be a breakthrough for Dixit. The film went on to become the highest-grossing film of that year. For her performance, Dixit received a Best Actress nomination at Filmfare. She achieved further success by featuring as the female lead in several top-grossing action-dramas, including Ram Lakhan (1989), Tridev (1989), and Kishen Kanhaiya (1990). The role of a wealthy brat in the 1990 romantic drama Dil earned Dixit her first Filmfare Award for Best Actress. The following year, she starred in another box-office hit Saajan, and won a second Best Actress award at Filmfare for portraying the role of a strong woman who rebels against her manipulative mother-in-law in the 1992 drama Beta. She featured alongside Jackie Shroff and Sanjay Dutt in the action thriller Khalnayak (1993), one of the highest-grossing films of that year. Subsequently, she played an avenger in the drama Anjaam (1994) to positive reviews. Dixit's subsequent release was Sooraj Barjatya's Hum Aapke Hain Koun..! (1994), a family drama which emerged as the highest-grossing Bollywood film to that point. The following year, she featured in Raja (1995) which was a blockbuster film of that year and Yaraana in which she played a woman who attempts an escape from her abusive husband. Both of her releases in 1996—Rajkumar and Prem Granth—were financial failures. Dixit's portrayal of a headstrong dancer in Yash Chopra's 1997 romance Dil To Pagal Hai was a major success, earning her a fourth Filmfare Award for Best Actress. She garnered critical acclaim for her work in the dramas Mrityudand (1997), Wajood (1998) and Pukar (2000). She portrayed five roles in the experimental film Gaja Gamini (2000). (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 23 Dixit in 2019 Indian actress Madhuri Dixit made her acting debut in 1984 with Abodh where she portrayed a young bride. Dixit went on to appear in several films over the next three years, including the dramas Awara Baap (1985) and Swati (1986), though none of them garnered her much recognition. The role of Mohini in N. Chandra's action romance drama Tezaab (1988) proved to be a breakthrough for Dixit. The film went on to become the highest-grossing film of that year. For her performance, Dixit received a Best Actress nomination at Filmfare. She achieved further success by featuring as the female lead in several top-grossing action-dramas, including Ram Lakhan (1989), Tridev (1989), and Kishen Kanhaiya (1990). The role of a wealthy brat in the 1990 romantic drama Dil earned Dixit her first Filmfare Award for Best Actress. The following year, she starred in another box-office hit Saajan, and won a second Best Actress award at Filmfare for portraying the role of a strong woman who rebels against her manipulative mother-in-law in the 1992 drama Beta. She featured alongside Jackie Shroff and Sanjay Dutt in the action thriller Khalnayak (1993), one of the highest-grossing films of that year. Subsequently, she played an avenger in the drama Anjaam (1994) to positive reviews. Dixit's subsequent release was Sooraj Barjatya's Hum Aapke Hain Koun..! (1994), a family drama which emerged as the highest-grossing Bollywood film to that point. The following year, she featured in Raja (1995) which was a blockbuster film of that year and Yaraana in which she played a woman who attempts an escape from her abusive husband. Both of her releases in 1996—Rajkumar and Prem Granth—were financial failures. Dixit's portrayal of a headstrong dancer in Yash Chopra's 1997 romance Dil To Pagal Hai was a major success, earning her a fourth Filmfare Award for Best Actress. She garnered critical acclaim for her work in the dramas Mrityudand (1997), Wajood (1998) and Pukar (2000). She portrayed five roles in the experimental film Gaja Gamini (2000). (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 23</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madhuri_Dixit_promoting_Total_Dhamaal_in_2019_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Madhuri Dixit is smiling at the camera." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Madhuri_Dixit_promoting_Total_Dhamaal_in_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Madhuri_Dixit_promoting_Total_Dhamaal_in_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Madhuri_Dixit_promoting_Total_Dhamaal_in_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Madhuri_Dixit_promoting_Total_Dhamaal_in_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Madhuri_Dixit_promoting_Total_Dhamaal_in_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Madhuri_Dixit_promoting_Total_Dhamaal_in_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="710" /></a><figcaption>Dixit in 2019</figcaption></figure><br />Indian actress <a href="/wiki/Madhuri_Dixit" title="Madhuri Dixit">Madhuri Dixit</a> made her acting debut in 1984 with <i><a href="/wiki/Abodh" title="Abodh">Abodh</a></i> where she portrayed a young bride. Dixit went on to appear in several films over the next three years, including the dramas <i><a href="/wiki/Awara_Baap" title="Awara Baap">Awara Baap</a></i> (1985) and <i><a href="/wiki/Swati_(1986_film)" title="Swati (1986 film)">Swati</a></i> (1986), though none of them garnered her much recognition. The role of Mohini in <a href="/wiki/N._Chandra" title="N. Chandra">N. Chandra</a>'s action romance drama <i><a href="/wiki/Tezaab" title="Tezaab">Tezaab</a></i> (1988) proved to be a breakthrough for Dixit. The film went on to become the highest-grossing film of that year. For her performance, Dixit received a <a href="/wiki/Filmfare_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Filmfare Award for Best Actress">Best Actress</a> nomination at Filmfare. She achieved further success by featuring as the female lead in several top-grossing action-dramas, including <i><a href="/wiki/Ram_Lakhan" title="Ram Lakhan">Ram Lakhan</a></i> (1989), <i><a href="/wiki/Tridev_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tridev (film)">Tridev</a></i> (1989), and <i><a href="/wiki/Kishen_Kanhaiya" title="Kishen Kanhaiya">Kishen Kanhaiya</a></i> (1990). The role of a wealthy brat in the 1990 romantic drama <i><a href="/wiki/Dil_(1990_film)" title="Dil (1990 film)">Dil</a></i> earned Dixit her first <a href="/wiki/Filmfare_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Filmfare Award for Best Actress">Filmfare Award for Best Actress</a>. The following year, she starred in another box-office hit <i><a href="/wiki/Saajan" title="Saajan">Saajan</a></i>, and won a second Best Actress award at Filmfare for portraying the role of a strong woman who rebels against her manipulative mother-in-law in the 1992 drama <i><a href="/wiki/Beta_(1992_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta (1992 film)">Beta</a></i>.<br /><br />She featured alongside <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Shroff" title="Jackie Shroff">Jackie Shroff</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sanjay_Dutt" title="Sanjay Dutt">Sanjay Dutt</a> in the action thriller <i><a href="/wiki/Khalnayak" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalnayak">Khalnayak</a></i> (1993), one of the highest-grossing films of that year. Subsequently, she played an avenger in the drama <i><a href="/wiki/Anjaam" title="Anjaam">Anjaam</a></i> (1994) to positive reviews. Dixit's subsequent release was <a href="/wiki/Sooraj_Barjatya" title="Sooraj Barjatya">Sooraj Barjatya</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Hum_Aapke_Hain_Koun..!" title="Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!">Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!</a></i> (1994), a family drama which emerged as the highest-grossing Bollywood film to that point. The following year, she featured in <i><a href="/wiki/Raja_(1995_film)" title="Raja (1995 film)">Raja</a></i> (1995) which was a blockbuster film of that year and <i><a href="/wiki/Yaraana_(1995_film)" title="Yaraana (1995 film)">Yaraana</a> in</i> which she played a woman who attempts an escape from her abusive husband. Both of her releases in 1996—<i><a href="/wiki/Rajkumar_(1996_film)" title="Rajkumar (1996 film)">Rajkumar</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Prem_Granth" title="Prem Granth">Prem Granth</a>—</i>were financial failures. Dixit's portrayal of a headstrong dancer in <a href="/wiki/Yash_Chopra" title="Yash Chopra">Yash Chopra</a>'s 1997 romance <i><a href="/wiki/Dil_To_Pagal_Hai" title="Dil To Pagal Hai">Dil To Pagal Hai</a></i> was a major success, earning her a fourth Filmfare Award for Best Actress. She garnered critical acclaim for her work in the dramas <i><a href="/wiki/Mrityudand" title="Mrityudand">Mrityudand</a></i> (1997), <i><a href="/wiki/Wajood_(1998_film)" title="Wajood (1998 film)">Wajood</a></i> (1998) and <i><a href="/wiki/Pukar_(2000_film)" title="Pukar (2000 film)">Pukar</a></i> (2000). She portrayed five roles in the <a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">experimental film</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Gaja_Gamini" title="Gaja Gamini">Gaja Gamini</a></i> (2000). (<b><a href="/wiki/Madhuri_Dixit_filmography" title="Madhuri Dixit filmography">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 24 Sheoo Mewalal, the first hat-trick scorer for India since independence The first player ever to score a hat-trick (three or more goals in a match) for India in an international football match was R. Lumsden. He achieved the feat in an official friendly match against Australia on 24 September 1938, at the Sydney Showground, although India lost the match 4–5. This is the only instance when India have lost a game in which a player scored a hat-trick for the team. Lumsden was the only footballer to score a hat-trick for India before independence. Since independence in 1947, eleven Indian players have scored a hat-trick in an international football match. No Indian player has ever scored more than three goals in a single game. The first player after independence to score a hat-trick for India was Sheoo Mewalal in a 4–0 victory over Burma in the 1952 Colombo Quadrangular Tournament. K. Appalaraju and Sunil Chhetri are the only Indian footballers to have scored a hat-trick more than once. Appalaraju achieved the feat twice in the two-legged tie against Ceylon during the 1964 Olympic Qualifiers. Chhetri has achieved the feat four times, the latest of which came in India's 4–0 victory over Pakistan in the opening match of the 2023 SAFF Championship. This is also the most recent instance of an Indian player scoring a hat-trick in an international football match. Chhetri's first hat-trick came in the final of the 2008 AFC Challenge Cup against Tajikistan, which helped India not only to win the cup but also to qualify directly for the AFC Asian Cup in 2011, the first time in 27 years that the team reached the final tournament. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 24 Sheoo Mewalal, the first hat-trick scorer for India since independence The first player ever to score a hat-trick (three or more goals in a match) for India in an international football match was R. Lumsden. He achieved the feat in an official friendly match against Australia on 24 September 1938, at the Sydney Showground, although India lost the match 4–5. This is the only instance when India have lost a game in which a player scored a hat-trick for the team. Lumsden was the only footballer to score a hat-trick for India before independence. Since independence in 1947, eleven Indian players have scored a hat-trick in an international football match. No Indian player has ever scored more than three goals in a single game. The first player after independence to score a hat-trick for India was Sheoo Mewalal in a 4–0 victory over Burma in the 1952 Colombo Quadrangular Tournament. K. Appalaraju and Sunil Chhetri are the only Indian footballers to have scored a hat-trick more than once. Appalaraju achieved the feat twice in the two-legged tie against Ceylon during the 1964 Olympic Qualifiers. Chhetri has achieved the feat four times, the latest of which came in India's 4–0 victory over Pakistan in the opening match of the 2023 SAFF Championship. This is also the most recent instance of an Indian player scoring a hat-trick in an international football match. Chhetri's first hat-trick came in the final of the 2008 AFC Challenge Cup against Tajikistan, which helped India not only to win the cup but also to qualify directly for the AFC Asian Cup in 2011, the first time in 27 years that the team reached the final tournament. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 24</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sheeo_Mewalal_Indian_football_player_1950s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Sheoo Mewalal (some mistakenly pronounce Sahu) played for India in the 1950s." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Sheeo_Mewalal_Indian_football_player_1950s.jpg/130px-Sheeo_Mewalal_Indian_football_player_1950s.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Sheeo_Mewalal_Indian_football_player_1950s.jpg/195px-Sheeo_Mewalal_Indian_football_player_1950s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Sheeo_Mewalal_Indian_football_player_1950s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sheoo_Mewalal" title="Sheoo Mewalal">Sheoo Mewalal</a>, the first hat-trick scorer for India since independence</figcaption></figure><br />The first player ever to score a <a href="/wiki/Hat-trick#Association_football" title="Hat-trick">hat-trick</a> (three or more goals in a match) for <a href="/wiki/India_national_football_team" title="India national football team">India</a> in an international <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> match was <a href="/wiki/R._Lumsden_(footballer)" title="R. Lumsden (footballer)">R. Lumsden</a>. He achieved the feat in an <a href="/wiki/India_national_football_team_results_(1933%E2%80%931946)" class="mw-redirect" title="India national football team results (1933–1946)">official</a> <a href="/wiki/Exhibition_game" title="Exhibition game">friendly</a> match against <a href="/wiki/Australia_men%27s_national_soccer_team" title="Australia men's national soccer team">Australia</a> on 24 September 1938, at the <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Showground_(Moore_Park)" title="Sydney Showground (Moore Park)">Sydney Showground</a>, although India lost the match 4–5. This is the only instance when India have lost a game in which a player scored a hat-trick for the team. Lumsden was the only footballer to score a hat-trick for India before <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(India)" title="Independence Day (India)">independence</a>. Since independence in 1947, eleven Indian players have scored a hat-trick in an international football match. No Indian player has ever scored more than three goals in a single game. The first player after independence to score a hat-trick for India was <a href="/wiki/Sheoo_Mewalal" title="Sheoo Mewalal">Sheoo Mewalal</a> in a 4–0 victory over <a href="/wiki/Myanmar_national_football_team" title="Myanmar national football team">Burma</a> in the 1952 <a href="/wiki/Colombo_Cup" title="Colombo Cup">Colombo Quadrangular Tournament</a>.<br /><br /><a href="/wiki/K._Appalaraju" title="K. Appalaraju">K. Appalaraju</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sunil_Chhetri" title="Sunil Chhetri">Sunil Chhetri</a> are the only Indian footballers to have scored a hat-trick more than once. Appalaraju achieved the feat twice in the <a href="/wiki/Two-legged_tie" title="Two-legged tie">two-legged tie</a> against <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_national_football_team" title="Sri Lanka national football team">Ceylon</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Football_at_the_1964_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_qualification#Asia" title="Football at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Men's qualification">1964 Olympic Qualifiers</a>. Chhetri has achieved the feat <a href="/wiki/List_of_international_goals_scored_by_Sunil_Chhetri#Hat-tricks" title="List of international goals scored by Sunil Chhetri">four times</a>, the latest of which came in India's 4–0 victory over <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_national_football_team" title="Pakistan national football team">Pakistan</a> in the opening match of the <a href="/wiki/2023_SAFF_Championship" title="2023 SAFF Championship">2023 SAFF Championship</a>. This is also the most recent instance of an Indian player scoring a hat-trick in an international football match. Chhetri's first hat-trick came in the final of the <a href="/wiki/2008_AFC_Challenge_Cup" title="2008 AFC Challenge Cup">2008 AFC Challenge Cup</a> against <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan_national_football_team" title="Tajikistan national football team">Tajikistan</a>, which helped India not only to win the cup but also to qualify directly for the <a href="/wiki/AFC_Asian_Cup" title="AFC Asian Cup">AFC Asian Cup</a> in <a href="/wiki/2011_AFC_Asian_Cup" title="2011 AFC Asian Cup">2011</a>, the first time in 27 years that the team reached the final tournament. (<b><a href="/wiki/List_of_India_national_football_team_hat-tricks" title="List of India national football team hat-tricks">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 25 Antennas at a ham operator's station in Chennai, India. Amateur radio or ham radio is a hobby that is practised by over 16,000 licensed users in India. Licences are granted by the Wireless and Planning and Coordination Wing (WPC), a branch of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology. In addition, the WPC allocates frequency spectrum in India. The Indian Wireless Telegraphs (Amateur Service) Rules, 1978 lists five licence categories: To obtain a licence, candidates must pass the Amateur Station Operator's Certificate examination conducted by the WPC. The examination consists of two 50-mark written sections: Radio theory and practice, Regulations; and a practical test consisting of a demonstration of Morse code proficiency in sending and receiving. After passing the examination, the candidate must clear a police interview. After clearance, the WPC grants the licence along with the user-chosen call sign. This procedure can take up to one year. This licence is valid for up to five years. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 25 Antennas at a ham operator's station in Chennai, India. Amateur radio or ham radio is a hobby that is practised by over 16,000 licensed users in India. Licences are granted by the Wireless and Planning and Coordination Wing (WPC), a branch of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology. In addition, the WPC allocates frequency spectrum in India. The Indian Wireless Telegraphs (Amateur Service) Rules, 1978 lists five licence categories: To obtain a licence, candidates must pass the Amateur Station Operator's Certificate examination conducted by the WPC. The examination consists of two 50-mark written sections: Radio theory and practice, Regulations; and a practical test consisting of a demonstration of Morse code proficiency in sending and receiving. After passing the examination, the candidate must clear a police interview. After clearance, the WPC grants the licence along with the user-chosen call sign. This procedure can take up to one year. This licence is valid for up to five years. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 25</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vu2gmn_antenna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Thin, black, straight wires intersecting at various points protruding from a grey building or else from each other with a blue sky in the background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Vu2gmn_antenna.jpg/220px-Vu2gmn_antenna.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Vu2gmn_antenna.jpg/330px-Vu2gmn_antenna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Vu2gmn_antenna.jpg/440px-Vu2gmn_antenna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="665" /></a><figcaption>Antennas at a ham operator's station in Chennai, India.</figcaption></figure><br /><br />Amateur radio or <a href="/wiki/Ham_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Ham radio">ham radio</a> is a hobby that is practised by over 16,000 licensed users in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<br />Licences are granted by the <a href="/wiki/Wireless_and_Planning_and_Coordination_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Wireless and Planning and Coordination Wing">Wireless and Planning and Coordination Wing</a> (WPC), a branch of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Communications_and_Information_Technology_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India)">Ministry of Communications and Information Technology</a>. In addition, the WPC allocates <a href="/wiki/Frequency_spectrum" class="mw-redirect" title="Frequency spectrum">frequency spectrum</a> in India. The <a href="/wiki/Indian_Wireless_Telegraphs_(Amateur_Service)_Rules,_1978" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Wireless Telegraphs (Amateur Service) Rules, 1978">Indian Wireless Telegraphs (Amateur Service) Rules, 1978</a> lists five licence categories:<br /><br />To obtain a licence, candidates must pass the <a href="/wiki/Amateur_Station_Operator%27s_Certificate" class="mw-redirect" title="Amateur Station Operator's Certificate">Amateur Station Operator's Certificate</a> examination conducted by the WPC. The examination consists of two 50-mark written sections: Radio theory and practice, Regulations; and a practical test consisting of a demonstration of <a href="/wiki/Morse_code" title="Morse code">Morse code</a> proficiency in sending and receiving. After passing the examination, the candidate must clear a police interview. After clearance, the WPC grants the licence along with the user-chosen call sign. This procedure can take up to one year. This licence is valid for up to five years. (<b><a href="/wiki/List_of_amateur_radio_frequency_bands_in_India" title="List of amateur radio frequency bands in India">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> </ul></div> <div class="noprint" style="margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:India/Recognized_content#Featured_lists" title="Portal:India/Recognized content">More featured lists</a></b></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div></div><div class="flex-columns-column"><div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:White;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid transparent;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#008000;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:0px 1px 0;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;padding-bottom:0.1em;moz-border-radius:0.5em 0.5em 0 0;webkit-border-radius:0.5em 0.5em 0 0;border-radius:0.5em 0.5em 0 0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:White;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Good_article_–_show_another" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:White;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:110%;padding-bottom:.1em"><span id="Good_article_.E2.80.93_show_another"></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_support_vote.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/38px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> Good article – <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:India&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white"><i>show another</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:#2e2e2e;opacity:1;border:1px solid #FFBF00;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:0px;padding-top:0.1em;border-radius:0 0 0.5em 0.5em"> <div style="text-align:center"><i><small>This is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:GA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:GA">Good article</a>, an article that meets a core set of high editorial standards.</small></i></div> <hr /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r987512734"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1021884966"><div class="randomSlideshow-container excerptSlideshow-container" style="max-width:100%; margin:-4em auto;"><div class="nomobile"></div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-slideshow switcher-container"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 1 Khandoba and Mhalsa killing demons Mani-Malla — a popular oleograph, c.1880. Khandoba (IAST: Khaṇḍobā), also known as Martanda Bhairava,, Malhari,Mylaralinga,Bandarada Odeya and Malhar, is a Hindu deity worshiped as a manifestation of Shiva mainly in the Deccan plateau of India, especially in the state of Maharashtra and North Karnataka. He is the most popular Kuladevata (family deity) in Maharashtra. He is also the patron deity of some warrior, farming castes, shepherd community and Brahmin (priestly) castes as well as several of the hunter/gatherer tribes that are native to the hills and forests of this region. The sect of Khandoba has linkages with Hindu and Jain traditions, and also assimilates all communities irrespective of caste, including Muslims. The form of Khandoba developed during the 9th and 10th centuries from a folk deity into a composite god possessing the attributes of Shiva, Bhairava, Surya and Kartikeya (Skanda). He is depicted either in the form of a linga, or as an image of a warrior riding on a bull or a horse. The foremost centre of Khandoba worship is the Khandoba temple of Jejuri in Maharashtra. The legends of Khandoba, found in the text Malhari Mahatmya and also narrated in folk songs, revolve around his victory over demons Mani-malla and his marriages. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 1 Khandoba and Mhalsa killing demons Mani-Malla — a popular oleograph, c.1880. Khandoba (IAST: Khaṇḍobā), also known as Martanda Bhairava,, Malhari,Mylaralinga,Bandarada Odeya and Malhar, is a Hindu deity worshiped as a manifestation of Shiva mainly in the Deccan plateau of India, especially in the state of Maharashtra and North Karnataka. He is the most popular Kuladevata (family deity) in Maharashtra. He is also the patron deity of some warrior, farming castes, shepherd community and Brahmin (priestly) castes as well as several of the hunter/gatherer tribes that are native to the hills and forests of this region. The sect of Khandoba has linkages with Hindu and Jain traditions, and also assimilates all communities irrespective of caste, including Muslims. The form of Khandoba developed during the 9th and 10th centuries from a folk deity into a composite god possessing the attributes of Shiva, Bhairava, Surya and Kartikeya (Skanda). He is depicted either in the form of a linga, or as an image of a warrior riding on a bull or a horse. The foremost centre of Khandoba worship is the Khandoba temple of Jejuri in Maharashtra. The legends of Khandoba, found in the text Malhari Mahatmya and also narrated in folk songs, revolve around his victory over demons Mani-malla and his marriages. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 1</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Khandoba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Khandoba.jpg/220px-Khandoba.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Khandoba.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="315" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Khandoba and <a href="/wiki/Mhalsa" title="Mhalsa">Mhalsa</a> killing demons Mani-Malla — a popular <a href="/wiki/Oleograph" class="mw-redirect" title="Oleograph">oleograph</a>, c.1880.</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Khandoba" title="Khandoba">Khandoba</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a>: Khaṇḍobā), also known as <b>Martanda Bhairava,</b>, <b>Malhari,Mylaralinga,Bandarada Odeya</b> and <b>Malhar</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> deity worshiped as a manifestation of <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a> mainly in the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan</a> plateau of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, especially in the state of <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Karnataka" title="North Karnataka">North Karnataka</a>. He is the most popular <a href="/wiki/Kuladevata" title="Kuladevata">Kuladevata</a> (family deity) in <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>. He is also the patron deity of some warrior, farming castes, shepherd community and <a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmin</a> (priestly) <a href="/wiki/Castes" class="mw-redirect" title="Castes">castes</a> as well as several of the hunter/gatherer tribes that are native to the hills and forests of this region. The sect of Khandoba has linkages with <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jain" class="mw-redirect" title="Jain">Jain</a> traditions, and also assimilates all communities irrespective of <a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">caste</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a>. The form of Khandoba developed during the 9th and 10th centuries from a folk deity into a composite god possessing the attributes of Shiva, <a href="/wiki/Bhairava" title="Bhairava">Bhairava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surya" title="Surya">Surya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Kartikeya</a> (Skanda). He is depicted either in the form of a <a href="/wiki/Linga" class="mw-redirect" title="Linga">linga</a>, or as an image of a warrior riding on a bull or a horse. The foremost centre of Khandoba worship is <a href="/wiki/Khandoba_Temple,_Jejuri" title="Khandoba Temple, Jejuri">the Khandoba temple</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jejuri" title="Jejuri">Jejuri</a> in Maharashtra. The legends of Khandoba, found in the text <i>Malhari Mahatmya</i> and also narrated in folk songs, revolve around his victory over demons Mani-malla and his marriages. (<b><a href="/wiki/Khandoba" title="Khandoba">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 2 Rao in 2023 Rajkummar Rao (born Raj Kumar Yadav; 31 August 1984) is an Indian actor. A versatile actor in Hindi cinema since the early 2010s, he is known for his performances in over thirty films across a wide spectrum of genres in both independent and commercial cinema. He is the recipient of several accolades including a National Film Award, four Filmfare Awards and an Asia Pacific Screen Award. In 2017, he appeared on Forbes India's Celebrity 100 list. After studying acting at the Film and Television Institute of India, Rao made his acting debut with the anthology film Love Sex Aur Dhokha (2010) and took on supporting roles in the films Gangs of Wasseypur – Part 2 and Talaash: The Answer Lies Within (both 2012). He had his breakthrough in 2013 with critically acclaimed performances in the dramas Kai Po Che! and Shahid. His portrayal of lawyer Shahid Azmi in the latter won him the National Film Award for Best Actor and the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 2 Rao in 2023 Rajkummar Rao (born Raj Kumar Yadav; 31 August 1984) is an Indian actor. A versatile actor in Hindi cinema since the early 2010s, he is known for his performances in over thirty films across a wide spectrum of genres in both independent and commercial cinema. He is the recipient of several accolades including a National Film Award, four Filmfare Awards and an Asia Pacific Screen Award. In 2017, he appeared on Forbes India's Celebrity 100 list. After studying acting at the Film and Television Institute of India, Rao made his acting debut with the anthology film Love Sex Aur Dhokha (2010) and took on supporting roles in the films Gangs of Wasseypur – Part 2 and Talaash: The Answer Lies Within (both 2012). He had his breakthrough in 2013 with critically acclaimed performances in the dramas Kai Po Che! and Shahid. His portrayal of lawyer Shahid Azmi in the latter won him the National Film Award for Best Actor and the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 2</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Actor_Rajkummar_Rao.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Actor_Rajkummar_Rao.jpg/220px-Actor_Rajkummar_Rao.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Actor_Rajkummar_Rao.jpg/330px-Actor_Rajkummar_Rao.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Actor_Rajkummar_Rao.jpg/440px-Actor_Rajkummar_Rao.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5426" data-file-height="8132" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Rao in 2023</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Rajkummar_Rao" title="Rajkummar Rao">Rajkummar Rao</a></b> (born <b>Raj Kumar Yadav</b>; 31 August 1984) is an Indian actor. A versatile actor in <a href="/wiki/Hindi_cinema" title="Hindi cinema">Hindi cinema</a> since the early 2010s, he is known for his performances in <a href="/wiki/Rajkummar_Rao_filmography" title="Rajkummar Rao filmography">over thirty films</a> across a wide spectrum of genres in both independent and commercial cinema. He is the recipient of <a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Rajkummar_Rao" title="List of awards and nominations received by Rajkummar Rao">several accolades</a> including a <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="National Film Award">National Film Award</a>, four <a href="/wiki/Filmfare_Awards" title="Filmfare Awards">Filmfare Awards</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Asia_Pacific_Screen_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Pacific Screen Award">Asia Pacific Screen Award</a>. In 2017, he appeared on <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes_India" title="Forbes India">Forbes India</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s <a href="/wiki/Celebrity_100" class="mw-redirect" title="Celebrity 100">Celebrity 100</a> list.<br /><br />After studying acting at the <a href="/wiki/Film_and_Television_Institute_of_India" title="Film and Television Institute of India">Film and Television Institute of India</a>, Rao made his acting debut with the anthology film <i><a href="/wiki/Love_Sex_Aur_Dhokha" title="Love Sex Aur Dhokha">Love Sex Aur Dhokha</a></i> (2010) and took on supporting roles in the films <i><a href="/wiki/Gangs_of_Wasseypur_%E2%80%93_Part_2" title="Gangs of Wasseypur – Part 2">Gangs of Wasseypur – Part 2</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Talaash:_The_Answer_Lies_Within" title="Talaash: The Answer Lies Within">Talaash: The Answer Lies Within</a></i> (both 2012). He had his breakthrough in 2013 with critically acclaimed performances in the dramas <i><a href="/wiki/Kai_Po_Che!" title="Kai Po Che!">Kai Po Che!</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Shahid_(film)" title="Shahid (film)">Shahid</a></i>. His portrayal of lawyer <a href="/wiki/Shahid_Azmi" title="Shahid Azmi">Shahid Azmi</a> in the latter won him the <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Award_for_Best_Actor" class="mw-redirect" title="National Film Award for Best Actor">National Film Award for Best Actor</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Filmfare_Critics_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor">Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Rajkummar_Rao" title="Rajkummar Rao">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 3 Malliswari is a 1951 Indian Telugu-language historical romance film produced and directed by B. N. Reddi under his banner Vauhini Studios. P. Bhanumathi and N. T. Rama Rao star as a couple – Nagaraju and Malliswari – who are separated by Malliswari's greedy mother. Malliswari is sent to the king's palace according to the custom of "Rani Vasam", a tradition during the Vijayanagara Empire wherein young women were fetched to the palace with an offering of gold and jewellery to their parents. The rest of the film focuses on the consequences faced by Nagaraju when he, against all rules, surreptitiously enters the palace to meet Malliswari. B. N. Reddi had envisioned a film about Sri Krishnadevaraya since his visit to Hampi during the production of his debut film, Vande Mataram (1939). He enlisted Devulapalli Krishnasastri to write the script, drawing inspiration from Butchi Babu's play Rayalavari Karunakruthyamu and Devan Sharar's short story The Emperor and the Slave Girl. B. N. Reddi also incorporated elements from his own childhood to enhance the narrative's authenticity, particularly in the playful interactions between Nagaraju and Malliswari. To ensure historical accuracy, B. N. Reddi consulted Mallampalli Somasekhara Sarma, a noted historian and epigraphist. Art director A. K. Shekar devoted nearly two years to designing the sets, meticulously preparing sketches to reflect the period’s aesthetics. The film's music was composed by S. Rajeswara Rao, with cinematography by Adi M. Irani and B. N. Konda Reddy. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 3 Malliswari is a 1951 Indian Telugu-language historical romance film produced and directed by B. N. Reddi under his banner Vauhini Studios. P. Bhanumathi and N. T. Rama Rao star as a couple – Nagaraju and Malliswari – who are separated by Malliswari's greedy mother. Malliswari is sent to the king's palace according to the custom of "Rani Vasam", a tradition during the Vijayanagara Empire wherein young women were fetched to the palace with an offering of gold and jewellery to their parents. The rest of the film focuses on the consequences faced by Nagaraju when he, against all rules, surreptitiously enters the palace to meet Malliswari. B. N. Reddi had envisioned a film about Sri Krishnadevaraya since his visit to Hampi during the production of his debut film, Vande Mataram (1939). He enlisted Devulapalli Krishnasastri to write the script, drawing inspiration from Butchi Babu's play Rayalavari Karunakruthyamu and Devan Sharar's short story The Emperor and the Slave Girl. B. N. Reddi also incorporated elements from his own childhood to enhance the narrative's authenticity, particularly in the playful interactions between Nagaraju and Malliswari. To ensure historical accuracy, B. N. Reddi consulted Mallampalli Somasekhara Sarma, a noted historian and epigraphist. Art director A. K. Shekar devoted nearly two years to designing the sets, meticulously preparing sketches to reflect the period’s aesthetics. The film's music was composed by S. Rajeswara Rao, with cinematography by Adi M. Irani and B. N. Konda Reddy. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 3</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Malliswari_(1951_film)" title="Malliswari (1951 film)"><i>Malliswari</i></a></b> is a 1951 Indian <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a>-language <a href="/wiki/Historical_romance" title="Historical romance">historical romance</a> film produced and directed by <a href="/wiki/B._N._Reddy" class="mw-redirect" title="B. N. Reddy">B. N. Reddi</a> under his banner <a href="/wiki/Vauhini_Studios" title="Vauhini Studios">Vauhini Studios</a>. <a href="/wiki/P._Bhanumathi" title="P. Bhanumathi">P. Bhanumathi</a> and <a href="/wiki/N._T._Rama_Rao" title="N. T. Rama Rao">N. T. Rama Rao</a> star as a couple – Nagaraju and Malliswari – who are separated by Malliswari's greedy mother. Malliswari is sent to the king's palace according to the custom of "Rani Vasam", a tradition during the <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a> wherein young women were fetched to the palace with an offering of gold and jewellery to their parents. The rest of the film focuses on the consequences faced by Nagaraju when he, against all rules, surreptitiously enters the palace to meet Malliswari.<br /><br />B. N. Reddi had envisioned a film about <a href="/wiki/Krishnadevaraya" title="Krishnadevaraya">Sri Krishnadevaraya</a> since his visit to <a href="/wiki/Hampi" title="Hampi">Hampi</a> during the production of his debut film, <a href="/wiki/Vande_Mataram_(1939_film)" title="Vande Mataram (1939 film)"><i>Vande Mataram</i></a> (1939). He enlisted <a href="/wiki/Devulapalli_Krishnasastri" title="Devulapalli Krishnasastri">Devulapalli Krishnasastri</a> to write the script, drawing inspiration from <a href="/wiki/Butchi_Babu" title="Butchi Babu">Butchi Babu</a>'s play <i>Rayalavari Karunakruthyamu</i> and Devan Sharar's short story <i>The Emperor and the Slave Girl</i>. B. N. Reddi also incorporated elements from his own childhood to enhance the narrative's authenticity, particularly in the playful interactions between Nagaraju and Malliswari. To ensure historical accuracy, B. N. Reddi consulted <a href="/wiki/Mallampalli_Somasekhara_Sarma" title="Mallampalli Somasekhara Sarma">Mallampalli Somasekhara Sarma</a>, a noted historian and epigraphist. Art director A. K. Shekar devoted nearly two years to designing the sets, meticulously preparing sketches to reflect the period’s aesthetics. The film's music was composed by <a href="/wiki/S._Rajeswara_Rao" title="S. Rajeswara Rao">S. Rajeswara Rao</a>, with cinematography by Adi M. Irani and B. N. Konda Reddy. (<b><a href="/wiki/Malliswari_(1951_film)" title="Malliswari (1951 film)">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 4 Terminal 1 Kempegowda International Airport (IATA: BLR, ICAO: VOBL) is an international airport serving Bengaluru, the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Spread over 4,000 acres (1,600 ha), it is located about 35 km (22 mi) north of the city near the suburb of Devanahalli. It is owned and operated by Bengaluru International Airport Limited (BIAL), a public–private consortium. The airport opened in May 2008 as an alternative to increased congestion at HAL Airport, the original primary commercial airport serving the city. It is named after Kempe Gowda I, the founder of Bangalore. Kempegowda International Airport became Karnataka's first fully solar powered airport, developed by CleanMax Solar. The airport is the third-busiest airport in India, behind the airports in Delhi and Mumbai. It is the 25th busiest airport in Asia, and the 56th busiest airport in the world. In FY 2023–24, the airport handled over 37.5 million passengers and 439,495 tonnes (484,460 short tons) of cargo. The airport offers connecting flights to all six inhabited continents, and direct flights to five of them. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 4 Terminal 1 Kempegowda International Airport (IATA: BLR, ICAO: VOBL) is an international airport serving Bengaluru, the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Spread over 4,000 acres (1,600 ha), it is located about 35 km (22 mi) north of the city near the suburb of Devanahalli. It is owned and operated by Bengaluru International Airport Limited (BIAL), a public–private consortium. The airport opened in May 2008 as an alternative to increased congestion at HAL Airport, the original primary commercial airport serving the city. It is named after Kempe Gowda I, the founder of Bangalore. Kempegowda International Airport became Karnataka's first fully solar powered airport, developed by CleanMax Solar. The airport is the third-busiest airport in India, behind the airports in Delhi and Mumbai. It is the 25th busiest airport in Asia, and the 56th busiest airport in the world. In FY 2023–24, the airport handled over 37.5 million passengers and 439,495 tonnes (484,460 short tons) of cargo. The airport offers connecting flights to all six inhabited continents, and direct flights to five of them. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 4</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bengaluru-airport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bengaluru-airport.jpg/220px-Bengaluru-airport.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bengaluru-airport.jpg/330px-Bengaluru-airport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bengaluru-airport.jpg/440px-Bengaluru-airport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1707" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Terminal 1</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Kempegowda_International_Airport" title="Kempegowda International Airport">Kempegowda International Airport</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/IATA_airport_code" title="IATA airport code">IATA</a>: <b>BLR</b>, <a href="/wiki/ICAO_airport_code" title="ICAO airport code">ICAO</a>: <b>VOBL</b>) is an <a href="/wiki/International_airport" title="International airport">international airport</a> serving <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a>, the capital of the Indian state of <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>. Spread over 4,000 acres (1,600 ha), it is located about 35 km (22 mi) north of the city near the suburb of <a href="/wiki/Devanahalli" title="Devanahalli">Devanahalli</a>. It is owned and operated by Bengaluru International Airport Limited (BIAL), a <a href="/wiki/Public%E2%80%93private_partnership" title="Public–private partnership">public–private consortium</a>. The airport opened in May 2008 as an alternative to increased congestion at <a href="/wiki/HAL_Airport" title="HAL Airport">HAL Airport</a>, the original primary commercial airport serving the city. It is named after <a href="/wiki/Kempe_Gowda_I" title="Kempe Gowda I">Kempe Gowda I</a>, the founder of Bangalore. Kempegowda International Airport became Karnataka's first fully <a href="/wiki/Solar_power" title="Solar power">solar powered</a> airport, developed by CleanMax Solar.<br /><br />The airport is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the busiest airports in India">third-busiest airport in India</a>, behind the airports in <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi_International_Airport" title="Indira Gandhi International Airport">Delhi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Maharaj_International_Airport" title="Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport">Mumbai</a>. It is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_Asia" title="List of the busiest airports in Asia">25th busiest airport in Asia</a>, and the 56th busiest airport in the world. In FY 2023–24, the airport handled over 37.5 million passengers and 439,495 tonnes (484,460 short tons) of cargo. The airport offers connecting flights to all six inhabited continents, and direct flights to five of them. (<b><a href="/wiki/Kempegowda_International_Airport" title="Kempegowda International Airport">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 5 Theatrical release poster in Madras Bhakta Prahlada (transl. Prahlada, the devotee) is a 1932 Indian Telugu-language Hindu mythological film directed by H. M. Reddy and produced by Ardeshir Irani of Imperial Film Company. It is the first sound film of Telugu cinema. It features Sindhoori Krishna Rao as the titular Prahlada, along with Munipalle Subbayya, Surabhi Kamalabai, Doraswamy Naidu, Chitrapu Narasimha Rao, and L. V. Prasad. No complete synopsis of the film is known to survive, but it is an adaptation of a play of the same name. Having achieved success in Hindi cinema by releasing India's first sound film Alam Ara in 1931, Irani wanted to expand his scope to South Indian cinema. Bhakta Prahlada was released on 6 February 1932, and was positively received by the audience but variedly by critics, who panned its resemblance to the stage version, poor sound recording, and low-quality images. It is now lost; surviving artefacts include a few stills, advertisements, and reviews. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 5 Theatrical release poster in Madras Bhakta Prahlada (transl. Prahlada, the devotee) is a 1932 Indian Telugu-language Hindu mythological film directed by H. M. Reddy and produced by Ardeshir Irani of Imperial Film Company. It is the first sound film of Telugu cinema. It features Sindhoori Krishna Rao as the titular Prahlada, along with Munipalle Subbayya, Surabhi Kamalabai, Doraswamy Naidu, Chitrapu Narasimha Rao, and L. V. Prasad. No complete synopsis of the film is known to survive, but it is an adaptation of a play of the same name. Having achieved success in Hindi cinema by releasing India's first sound film Alam Ara in 1931, Irani wanted to expand his scope to South Indian cinema. Bhakta Prahlada was released on 6 February 1932, and was positively received by the audience but variedly by critics, who panned its resemblance to the stage version, poor sound recording, and low-quality images. It is now lost; surviving artefacts include a few stills, advertisements, and reviews. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 5</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bhakta_Prahlada_1932.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Bhakta_Prahlada_1932.jpg/220px-Bhakta_Prahlada_1932.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Bhakta_Prahlada_1932.jpg/330px-Bhakta_Prahlada_1932.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Bhakta_Prahlada_1932.jpg/440px-Bhakta_Prahlada_1932.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="299" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Theatrical release poster in Madras</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Bhakta_Prahlada_(1932_film)" title="Bhakta Prahlada (1932 film)"><i>Bhakta Prahlada</i></a></b> (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> Prahlada, the devotee</span>) is a 1932 Indian <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a>-language <a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythological_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu mythological film">Hindu mythological film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/H._M._Reddy" title="H. M. Reddy">H. M. Reddy</a> and produced by <a href="/wiki/Ardeshir_Irani" title="Ardeshir Irani">Ardeshir Irani</a> of Imperial Film Company. It is the first <a href="/wiki/Sound_film" title="Sound film">sound film</a> of <a href="/wiki/Telugu_cinema" title="Telugu cinema">Telugu cinema</a>. It features Sindhoori Krishna Rao as the titular <a href="/wiki/Prahlada" title="Prahlada">Prahlada</a>, along with Munipalle Subbayya, <a href="/wiki/Surabhi_Kamalabai" title="Surabhi Kamalabai">Surabhi Kamalabai</a>, Doraswamy Naidu, Chitrapu Narasimha Rao, and <a href="/wiki/L._V._Prasad" title="L. V. Prasad">L. V. Prasad</a>. No complete synopsis of the film is known to survive, but it is an adaptation of a play of the same name.<br /><br />Having achieved success in <a href="/wiki/Hindi_cinema" title="Hindi cinema">Hindi cinema</a> by releasing India's first sound film <i><a href="/wiki/Alam_Ara" title="Alam Ara">Alam Ara</a></i> in 1931, Irani wanted to expand his scope to <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_South_India" title="Cinema of South India">South Indian cinema</a>. <i>Bhakta Prahlada</i> was released on 6 February 1932, and was positively received by the audience but variedly by critics, who panned its resemblance to the stage version, poor sound recording, and low-quality images. It is now <a href="/wiki/Lost_film" title="Lost film">lost</a>; surviving artefacts include a few stills, advertisements, and reviews. (<b><a href="/wiki/Bhakta_Prahlada_(1932_film)" title="Bhakta Prahlada (1932 film)">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 6 The Hindu Mela (transl. Hindu fair) was an annual political and cultural festival (mela) that took place in India during the late 19th century. Initially established in 1867 by Nabagopal Mitra, Rajnarayan Basu, and Manomohan Bose as the Chaitra mela, it was intended to establish unity amongst Indians. It was known for promoting sports, indigenous arts and crafts, nationalistic poetry, and songs. The mela met regularly until 1880, after which it lost its importance due to the establishment of other institutions such as the Indian National Congress. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 6 The Hindu Mela (transl. Hindu fair) was an annual political and cultural festival (mela) that took place in India during the late 19th century. Initially established in 1867 by Nabagopal Mitra, Rajnarayan Basu, and Manomohan Bose as the Chaitra mela, it was intended to establish unity amongst Indians. It was known for promoting sports, indigenous arts and crafts, nationalistic poetry, and songs. The mela met regularly until 1880, after which it lost its importance due to the establishment of other institutions such as the Indian National Congress. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 6</span></span><div style="text-align:left;">The <b><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Mela" title="Hindu Mela">Hindu Mela</a></b> (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> Hindu fair</span>) was an annual political and cultural festival (<a href="/wiki/Mela" class="mw-redirect" title="Mela">mela</a>) that took place in <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">India</a> during the late 19th century. Initially established in 1867 by Nabagopal Mitra, <a href="/wiki/Rajnarayan_Basu" title="Rajnarayan Basu">Rajnarayan Basu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Manomohan_Bose" title="Manomohan Bose">Manomohan Bose</a> as the Chaitra mela, it was intended to establish unity amongst Indians. It was known for promoting sports, indigenous arts and crafts, nationalistic poetry, and songs. The mela met regularly until 1880, after which it lost its importance due to the establishment of other institutions such as the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Mela" title="Hindu Mela">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 7 Mahmud Hasan Deobandi (also known as Shaykh al-Hind; 1851–1920) was an Indian Muslim scholar and an activist of the Indian independence movement, who co-founded the Jamia Millia Islamia University and launched the Silk Letter Movement for the freedom of India. He was the first student to study at the Darul Uloom Deoband seminary. His teachers included Muhammad Qasim Nanawtawi and Mahmud Deobandi, and he was authorized in Sufism by Imdadullah Muhajir Makki and Rashid Ahmad Gangohi. Hasan served as the principal of the Darul Uloom Deoband and founded organisations such as the Jamiatul Ansar and the Nizaratul Maarif. He wrote a translation of the Quran in Urdu and authored books such as Adilla-e-Kāmilah, Īzah al-adillah, Ahsan al-Qirā and Juhd al-Muqill. He taught hadith at the Darul Uloom Deoband and copyedited the Sunan Abu Dawud. His major students included Ashraf Ali Thanwi, Anwar Shah Kashmiri, Hussain Ahmad Madani, Kifayatullah Dehlawi, Sanaullah Amritsari and Ubaidullah Sindhi. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 7 Mahmud Hasan Deobandi (also known as Shaykh al-Hind; 1851–1920) was an Indian Muslim scholar and an activist of the Indian independence movement, who co-founded the Jamia Millia Islamia University and launched the Silk Letter Movement for the freedom of India. He was the first student to study at the Darul Uloom Deoband seminary. His teachers included Muhammad Qasim Nanawtawi and Mahmud Deobandi, and he was authorized in Sufism by Imdadullah Muhajir Makki and Rashid Ahmad Gangohi. Hasan served as the principal of the Darul Uloom Deoband and founded organisations such as the Jamiatul Ansar and the Nizaratul Maarif. He wrote a translation of the Quran in Urdu and authored books such as Adilla-e-Kāmilah, Īzah al-adillah, Ahsan al-Qirā and Juhd al-Muqill. He taught hadith at the Darul Uloom Deoband and copyedited the Sunan Abu Dawud. His major students included Ashraf Ali Thanwi, Anwar Shah Kashmiri, Hussain Ahmad Madani, Kifayatullah Dehlawi, Sanaullah Amritsari and Ubaidullah Sindhi. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 7</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi.jpg/220px-Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="272" data-file-height="367" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi" title="Mahmud Hasan Deobandi">Mahmud Hasan Deobandi</a></b> (also known as <b>Shaykh al-Hind</b>; 1851–1920) was an Indian Muslim scholar and an activist of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a>, who co-founded the <a href="/wiki/Jamia_Millia_Islamia" title="Jamia Millia Islamia">Jamia Millia Islamia</a> University and launched the <a href="/wiki/Silk_Letter_Movement" title="Silk Letter Movement">Silk Letter Movement</a> for the freedom of India. He was the first student to study at the <a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="Darul Uloom Deoband">Darul Uloom Deoband</a> seminary. His teachers included <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Qasim_Nanawtawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Qasim Nanawtawi">Muhammad Qasim Nanawtawi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Deobandi" title="Mahmud Deobandi">Mahmud Deobandi</a>, and he was authorized in <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a> by <a href="/wiki/Imdadullah_Muhajir_Makki" title="Imdadullah Muhajir Makki">Imdadullah Muhajir Makki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ahmad_Gangohi" title="Rashid Ahmad Gangohi">Rashid Ahmad Gangohi</a>. <br /><br />Hasan served as the principal of the Darul Uloom Deoband and founded organisations such as the Jamiatul Ansar and the Nizaratul Maarif. He wrote a translation of the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> in <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> and authored books such as <i>Adilla-e-Kāmilah</i>, <i>Īzah al-adillah</i>, <i>Ahsan al-Qirā</i> and <i>Juhd al-Muqill</i>. He taught <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a> at the Darul Uloom Deoband and copyedited the <i><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Abu_Dawud" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunan Abu Dawud">Sunan Abu Dawud</a></i>. His major students included <a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Ali_Thanwi" title="Ashraf Ali Thanwi">Ashraf Ali Thanwi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Shah_Kashmiri" title="Anwar Shah Kashmiri">Anwar Shah Kashmiri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hussain_Ahmad_Madani" class="mw-redirect" title="Hussain Ahmad Madani">Hussain Ahmad Madani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kifayatullah_Dehlawi" title="Kifayatullah Dehlawi">Kifayatullah Dehlawi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanaullah_Amritsari" title="Sanaullah Amritsari">Sanaullah Amritsari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ubaidullah_Sindhi" title="Ubaidullah Sindhi">Ubaidullah Sindhi</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi" title="Mahmud Hasan Deobandi">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 8 Indian camp scene The Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817–1819) was the final and decisive conflict between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire in India. The war left the Company in control of most of India. It began with an invasion of Maratha territory by British East India Company troops, and although the British were outnumbered, the Maratha army was decimated. The troops were led by Governor General Hastings, supported by a force under General Thomas Hislop. Operations began against the Pindaris, a band of Muslim mercenaries and Marathas from central India. Peshwa Baji Rao II's forces, supported by those of Mudhoji II Bhonsle of Nagpur and Malharrao Holkar III of Indore, rose against the East India Company. Pressure and diplomacy convinced the fourth major Maratha leader, Daulatrao Scindia of Gwalior, to remain neutral even though he lost control of Rajasthan. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 8 Indian camp scene The Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817–1819) was the final and decisive conflict between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire in India. The war left the Company in control of most of India. It began with an invasion of Maratha territory by British East India Company troops, and although the British were outnumbered, the Maratha army was decimated. The troops were led by Governor General Hastings, supported by a force under General Thomas Hislop. Operations began against the Pindaris, a band of Muslim mercenaries and Marathas from central India. Peshwa Baji Rao II's forces, supported by those of Mudhoji II Bhonsle of Nagpur and Malharrao Holkar III of Indore, rose against the East India Company. Pressure and diplomacy convinced the fourth major Maratha leader, Daulatrao Scindia of Gwalior, to remain neutral even though he lost control of Rajasthan. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 8</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Camp_Scene.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Indian_Camp_Scene.jpg/220px-Indian_Camp_Scene.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Indian_Camp_Scene.jpg/330px-Indian_Camp_Scene.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Indian_Camp_Scene.jpg/440px-Indian_Camp_Scene.jpg 2x" data-file-width="976" data-file-height="676" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Indian camp scene</div></div></div></div><br />The <b><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="Third Anglo-Maratha War">Third Anglo-Maratha War</a></b> (1817–1819) was the final and decisive conflict between the <a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">British East India Company</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Maratha Empire</a> in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. The war left the Company in control of most of India. It began with an invasion of Maratha territory by British East India Company troops, and although the British were outnumbered, the Maratha army was decimated. The troops were led by <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_India" title="Governor-General of India">Governor General</a> <a href="/wiki/Francis_Rawdon-Hastings,_1st_Marquess_of_Hastings" title="Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings">Hastings</a>, supported by a force under <a href="/wiki/Sir_Thomas_Hislop,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Thomas Hislop, 1st Baronet">General Thomas Hislop</a>. Operations began against the <a href="/wiki/Pindaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Pindaris">Pindaris</a>, a band of Muslim mercenaries and Marathas from central India.<br /><br /><a href="/wiki/Peshwa" title="Peshwa">Peshwa</a> <a href="/wiki/Baji_Rao_II" title="Baji Rao II">Baji Rao II</a>'s forces, supported by those of <a href="/wiki/Mudhoji_II_Bhonsle" class="mw-redirect" title="Mudhoji II Bhonsle">Mudhoji II Bhonsle</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a> and <a href="/wiki/House_of_Holkar" title="House of Holkar">Malharrao Holkar III</a> of <a href="/wiki/Indore" title="Indore">Indore</a>, rose against the East India Company. Pressure and diplomacy convinced the fourth major Maratha leader, <a href="/wiki/Daulat_Scindia" class="mw-redirect" title="Daulat Scindia">Daulatrao Scindia</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gwalior" title="Gwalior">Gwalior</a>, to remain neutral even though he lost control of <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="Third Anglo-Maratha War">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 9 Naayak (transl. Leader) is a 2013 Indian Telugu-language action comedy film directed by V. V. Vinayak who co-wrote the film with Akula Siva. The film was produced by DVV Danayya and presented by S. Radha Krishna under the banner Universal Media. The film stars Ram Charan, Kajal Aggarwal, and Amala Paul in the lead roles. S. Thaman composed the film's score and soundtrack. Chota K. Naidu was the cinematographer and Gautham Raju was the film's editor. Production began on 9 November 2011 and principal photography began on 7 February 2012. The film was extensively shot in Hyderabad and Kolkata, while a couple of the songs were shot in Dubai, Iceland, and Slovenia, making Naayak the first Indian film to be shot in Slovenia. Filming ended on 29 December 2012. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 9 Naayak (transl. Leader) is a 2013 Indian Telugu-language action comedy film directed by V. V. Vinayak who co-wrote the film with Akula Siva. The film was produced by DVV Danayya and presented by S. Radha Krishna under the banner Universal Media. The film stars Ram Charan, Kajal Aggarwal, and Amala Paul in the lead roles. S. Thaman composed the film's score and soundtrack. Chota K. Naidu was the cinematographer and Gautham Raju was the film's editor. Production began on 9 November 2011 and principal photography began on 7 February 2012. The film was extensively shot in Hyderabad and Kolkata, while a couple of the songs were shot in Dubai, Iceland, and Slovenia, making Naayak the first Indian film to be shot in Slovenia. Filming ended on 29 December 2012. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 9</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Naayak" title="Naayak">Naayak</a></b></i> (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> Leader</span>) is a 2013 Indian <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a>-language <a href="/wiki/Action_comedy_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Action comedy film">action comedy film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/V._V._Vinayak" title="V. V. Vinayak">V. V. Vinayak</a> who co-wrote the film with Akula Siva. The film was produced by <a href="/wiki/DVV_Danayya" class="mw-redirect" title="DVV Danayya">DVV Danayya</a> and presented by <a href="/wiki/S._Radha_Krishna" title="S. Radha Krishna">S. Radha Krishna</a> under the banner Universal Media. The film stars <a href="/wiki/Ram_Charan" title="Ram Charan">Ram Charan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kajal_Aggarwal" title="Kajal Aggarwal">Kajal Aggarwal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Amala_Paul" title="Amala Paul">Amala Paul</a> in the lead roles. <a href="/wiki/S._Thaman" class="mw-redirect" title="S. Thaman">S. Thaman</a> composed the film's score and soundtrack. <a href="/wiki/Chota_K._Naidu" title="Chota K. Naidu">Chota K. Naidu</a> was the cinematographer and Gautham Raju was the film's editor.<br /><br />Production began on 9 November 2011 and <a href="/wiki/Principal_photography" title="Principal photography">principal photography</a> began on 7 February 2012. The film was extensively shot in Hyderabad and Kolkata, while a couple of the songs were shot in <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, making <i>Naayak</i> the first Indian film to be shot in Slovenia. Filming ended on 29 December 2012. (<b><a href="/wiki/Naayak" title="Naayak">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 10 Mullum Malarum (transl. 'The Thorn and the Flower' or 'Even a Thorn Will Bloom'; pronounced [muɭɭum maɭaɾum]) is a 1978 Indian Tamil-language drama film written and directed by Mahendran. Produced by Venu Chettiar and V. Mohan, the film stars Rajinikanth, Sarath Babu, Jayalaxmi and Shoba. It marks Mahendran's directorial debut and is partly based on Uma Chandran's novel of the same name, which was serialised in the Tamil magazine Kalki in 1966. Mullum Malarum tells the story of Kali (Rajinikanth), a winch operator of a cable trolley who dotes on his sister Valli (Shoba) since they were orphaned, and clashes with his boss Kumaran (Sarath Babu). Mahendran read only part of the novel, and developed the screenplay as he wanted, making a visually-focused film without formulaic Tamil cinema conventions he disliked such as melodrama, overacting, excessive dialogue and duets. Since Mahendran had no previous directing experience, cinematographer Balu Mahendra, who was already an established director, assisted him with the screenplay, dialogue, camera angles, casting and editing. Principal photography lasted for about 30 days, taking place primarily in Sringeri, Karnataka, though some scenes were also filmed in Ooty, Tamil Nadu. The film was edited by D. Vasu, and the soundtrack was composed by Ilaiyaraaja. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 10 Mullum Malarum (transl. 'The Thorn and the Flower' or 'Even a Thorn Will Bloom'; pronounced [muɭɭum maɭaɾum]) is a 1978 Indian Tamil-language drama film written and directed by Mahendran. Produced by Venu Chettiar and V. Mohan, the film stars Rajinikanth, Sarath Babu, Jayalaxmi and Shoba. It marks Mahendran's directorial debut and is partly based on Uma Chandran's novel of the same name, which was serialised in the Tamil magazine Kalki in 1966. Mullum Malarum tells the story of Kali (Rajinikanth), a winch operator of a cable trolley who dotes on his sister Valli (Shoba) since they were orphaned, and clashes with his boss Kumaran (Sarath Babu). Mahendran read only part of the novel, and developed the screenplay as he wanted, making a visually-focused film without formulaic Tamil cinema conventions he disliked such as melodrama, overacting, excessive dialogue and duets. Since Mahendran had no previous directing experience, cinematographer Balu Mahendra, who was already an established director, assisted him with the screenplay, dialogue, camera angles, casting and editing. Principal photography lasted for about 30 days, taking place primarily in Sringeri, Karnataka, though some scenes were also filmed in Ooty, Tamil Nadu. The film was edited by D. Vasu, and the soundtrack was composed by Ilaiyaraaja. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 10</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mullum_Malarum" title="Mullum Malarum">Mullum Malarum</a></b></i> (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> 'The Thorn and the Flower' or 'Even a Thorn Will Bloom'</span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ta-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tamil" title="Help:IPA/Tamil">[muɭɭum<span class="wrap"> </span>maɭaɾum]</a></span>) is a 1978 Indian <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>-language <a href="/wiki/Drama_(film_and_television)" title="Drama (film and television)">drama film</a> written and directed by <a href="/wiki/Mahendran_(filmmaker)" title="Mahendran (filmmaker)">Mahendran</a>. Produced by Venu Chettiar and V. Mohan, the film stars <a href="/wiki/Rajinikanth" title="Rajinikanth">Rajinikanth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarath_Babu" title="Sarath Babu">Sarath Babu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fatafat_Jayalaxmi" title="Fatafat Jayalaxmi">Jayalaxmi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shoba" title="Shoba">Shoba</a>. It marks Mahendran's <a href="/wiki/List_of_directorial_debuts" title="List of directorial debuts">directorial debut</a> and is partly based on Uma Chandran's novel of the same name, which was <a href="/wiki/Serial_(literature)" title="Serial (literature)">serialised</a> in the Tamil magazine <i><a href="/wiki/Kalki_(magazine)" title="Kalki (magazine)">Kalki</a></i> in 1966. <i>Mullum Malarum</i> tells the story of Kali (Rajinikanth), a <a href="/wiki/Winch" title="Winch">winch</a> operator of a <a href="/wiki/Cable_railway" title="Cable railway">cable trolley</a> who dotes on his sister Valli (Shoba) since they were orphaned, and clashes with his boss Kumaran (Sarath Babu).<br /><br />Mahendran read only part of the novel, and developed the screenplay as he wanted, making a visually-focused film without formulaic Tamil cinema conventions he disliked such as melodrama, overacting, excessive dialogue and duets. Since Mahendran had no previous directing experience, cinematographer <a href="/wiki/Balu_Mahendra" title="Balu Mahendra">Balu Mahendra</a>, who was already an established director, assisted him with the screenplay, dialogue, camera angles, casting and editing. Principal photography lasted for about 30 days, taking place primarily in <a href="/wiki/Sringeri" title="Sringeri">Sringeri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>, though some scenes were also filmed in <a href="/wiki/Ooty" title="Ooty">Ooty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>. The film was edited by D. Vasu, and the soundtrack was composed by <a href="/wiki/Ilaiyaraaja" title="Ilaiyaraaja">Ilaiyaraaja</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Mullum_Malarum" title="Mullum Malarum">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 11 Don: The Chase Begins Again, better known simply as Don, is a 2006 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film directed by Farhan Akhtar. The film was produced by Ritesh Sidhwani and Akhtar's production company Excel Entertainment. The film stars Shah Rukh Khan as the titular anti-hero and Priyanka Chopra as Roma, while Arjun Rampal, Isha Koppikar, Boman Irani, Pavan Malhotra, and Om Puri appears in supporting roles. Kareena Kapoor makes a special appearance. Don is a remake of the 1978 film of the same title, and follows the titular criminal's look-alike who has been sent on a clandestine mission to impersonate Don after he is wounded in a chase, and to gather intelligence on the drug mafia. In remaking the film from a new perspective, Akhtar wanted to give a contemporary style and treatment to the original film and make a film that he believed would be perfectly suited to modern times. The director later bought the rights and conceived his adaptation as an homage to the original film and its cast and crew, and to the 1970s era in general. He co-wrote the screenplay with his father, Javed Akhtar, who had also written the original script with Salim Khan. He kept the basic plot but introduced some changes that included an international setting and a different ending. Principal photography commenced in Mumbai, before moving to Malaysia, where 80% of the filming was done. The soundtrack was composed by Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy, with lyrics by Javed Akhtar. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 11 Don: The Chase Begins Again, better known simply as Don, is a 2006 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film directed by Farhan Akhtar. The film was produced by Ritesh Sidhwani and Akhtar's production company Excel Entertainment. The film stars Shah Rukh Khan as the titular anti-hero and Priyanka Chopra as Roma, while Arjun Rampal, Isha Koppikar, Boman Irani, Pavan Malhotra, and Om Puri appears in supporting roles. Kareena Kapoor makes a special appearance. Don is a remake of the 1978 film of the same title, and follows the titular criminal's look-alike who has been sent on a clandestine mission to impersonate Don after he is wounded in a chase, and to gather intelligence on the drug mafia. In remaking the film from a new perspective, Akhtar wanted to give a contemporary style and treatment to the original film and make a film that he believed would be perfectly suited to modern times. The director later bought the rights and conceived his adaptation as an homage to the original film and its cast and crew, and to the 1970s era in general. He co-wrote the screenplay with his father, Javed Akhtar, who had also written the original script with Salim Khan. He kept the basic plot but introduced some changes that included an international setting and a different ending. Principal photography commenced in Mumbai, before moving to Malaysia, where 80% of the filming was done. The soundtrack was composed by Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy, with lyrics by Javed Akhtar. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 11</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Don_(2006_Hindi_film)" title="Don (2006 Hindi film)"><i>Don: The Chase Begins Again</i></a></b>, better known simply as <i><b>Don</b></i>, is a 2006 Indian <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>-language <a href="/wiki/Action_thriller_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Action thriller film">action thriller film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Farhan_Akhtar" title="Farhan Akhtar">Farhan Akhtar</a>. The film was produced by <a href="/wiki/Ritesh_Sidhwani" title="Ritesh Sidhwani">Ritesh Sidhwani</a> and Akhtar's production company <a href="/wiki/Excel_Entertainment" title="Excel Entertainment">Excel Entertainment</a>. The film stars <a href="/wiki/Shah_Rukh_Khan" title="Shah Rukh Khan">Shah Rukh Khan</a> as the titular <a href="/wiki/Antihero" title="Antihero">anti-hero</a> and <a href="/wiki/Priyanka_Chopra" title="Priyanka Chopra">Priyanka Chopra</a> as Roma, while <a href="/wiki/Arjun_Rampal" title="Arjun Rampal">Arjun Rampal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isha_Koppikar" title="Isha Koppikar">Isha Koppikar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boman_Irani" title="Boman Irani">Boman Irani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pavan_Malhotra" title="Pavan Malhotra">Pavan Malhotra</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Om_Puri" title="Om Puri">Om Puri</a> appears in supporting roles. <a href="/wiki/Kareena_Kapoor" class="mw-redirect" title="Kareena Kapoor">Kareena Kapoor</a> makes a special appearance. <i>Don</i> is a remake of the <a href="/wiki/Don_(1978_film)" title="Don (1978 film)">1978 film of the same title</a>, and follows the <a href="/wiki/Don_(character)" title="Don (character)">titular criminal</a>'s look-alike who has been sent on a clandestine mission to impersonate Don after he is wounded in a chase, and to gather intelligence on the drug mafia.<br /><br />In remaking the film from a new perspective, Akhtar wanted to give a contemporary style and treatment to the original film and make a film that he believed would be perfectly suited to modern times. The director later bought the rights and conceived his adaptation as an <a href="/wiki/Homage_(arts)" title="Homage (arts)">homage</a> to the original film and its cast and crew, and to the 1970s era in general. He co-wrote the screenplay with his father, <a href="/wiki/Javed_Akhtar" title="Javed Akhtar">Javed Akhtar</a>, who had also written the original script with <a href="/wiki/Salim_Khan" title="Salim Khan">Salim Khan</a>. He kept the basic plot but introduced some changes that included an international setting and a different ending. <a href="/wiki/Principal_photography" title="Principal photography">Principal photography</a> commenced in <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>, before moving to <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, where 80% of the filming was done. The <a href="/wiki/Don_(soundtrack)" title="Don (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a> was composed by <a href="/wiki/Shankar%E2%80%93Ehsaan%E2%80%93Loy" title="Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy">Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy</a>, with lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Javed_Akhtar" title="Javed Akhtar">Javed Akhtar</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Don_(2006_Hindi_film)" title="Don (2006 Hindi film)">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 12 Tala water tank from the demolished Tala Bridge The Tala tank, also spelled Tallah tank (Bengali pronunciation: [ˈʈala tæŋk]), is a water tower in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Construction started in 1909 and it was inaugurated in May 1911 by Edward Norman Baker, the Lieutenant Governor of Bengal. The tank, which is owned by Kolkata Municipal Corporation, is fed by Palta Water Works near Barrackpore. More than 110 years after construction, the tower remains the major water supplier to the city of Kolkata. The water tower, which is claimed to be the world's largest overhead water reservoir, covers 3–4 acres (12,000–16,000 m2), has a capacity of 9.9 million imperial gallons (45,000 cubic metres), stands 110 ft (34 m) off the ground and weighs 44 thousand tonnes – including water – at maximum capacity. The tank has four individually isolated chambers and a single pipeline for the water source from Palta and to send the water supply to the city. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 12 Tala water tank from the demolished Tala Bridge The Tala tank, also spelled Tallah tank (Bengali pronunciation: [ˈʈala tæŋk]), is a water tower in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Construction started in 1909 and it was inaugurated in May 1911 by Edward Norman Baker, the Lieutenant Governor of Bengal. The tank, which is owned by Kolkata Municipal Corporation, is fed by Palta Water Works near Barrackpore. More than 110 years after construction, the tower remains the major water supplier to the city of Kolkata. The water tower, which is claimed to be the world's largest overhead water reservoir, covers 3–4 acres (12,000–16,000 m2), has a capacity of 9.9 million imperial gallons (45,000 cubic metres), stands 110 ft (34 m) off the ground and weighs 44 thousand tonnes – including water – at maximum capacity. The tank has four individually isolated chambers and a single pipeline for the water source from Palta and to send the water supply to the city. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 12</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tala_water_tank_02_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Tala_water_tank_02_%28cropped%29.jpg/265px-Tala_water_tank_02_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="265" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Tala_water_tank_02_%28cropped%29.jpg/398px-Tala_water_tank_02_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Tala_water_tank_02_%28cropped%29.jpg/530px-Tala_water_tank_02_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3482" data-file-height="1079" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Tala water tank from the demolished Tala Bridge</div></div></div></div><br />The <b><a href="/wiki/Tala_tank" title="Tala tank">Tala tank</a></b>, also spelled <b>Tallah tank</b> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Bengali pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="bn-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Bengali" title="Help:IPA/Bengali">[ˈʈala<span class="wrap"> </span>tæŋk]</a></span>), is a <a href="/wiki/Water_tower" title="Water tower">water tower</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a>, India. Construction started in 1909 and it was inaugurated in May 1911 by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Norman_Baker" title="Edward Norman Baker">Edward Norman Baker</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Bengal_Presidency" title="List of governors of Bengal Presidency">Lieutenant Governor of Bengal</a>. The tank, which is owned by <a href="/wiki/Kolkata_Municipal_Corporation" title="Kolkata Municipal Corporation">Kolkata Municipal Corporation</a>, is fed by <a href="/wiki/Palta,_North_24_Parganas" title="Palta, North 24 Parganas">Palta</a> Water Works near <a href="/wiki/Barrackpore" title="Barrackpore">Barrackpore</a>. More than 110 years after construction, the tower remains the major water supplier to the city of Kolkata.<br /><br />The water tower, which is claimed to be the world's largest overhead water reservoir, covers 3–4 acres (12,000–16,000 m<sup>2</sup>), has a capacity of 9.9 million imperial gallons (45,000 cubic metres), stands 110 ft (34 m) off the ground and weighs 44 thousand tonnes – including water – at maximum capacity. The tank has four individually isolated chambers and a single pipeline for the water source from <a href="/wiki/Palta,_North_24_Parganas" title="Palta, North 24 Parganas">Palta</a> and to send the water supply to the city. (<b><a href="/wiki/Tala_tank" title="Tala tank">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 13 Simplifly Deccan, formerly known as Air Deccan, was the first Indian low-cost carrier. Headquartered in Bengaluru, it operated domestic flights from seven base airports using a fleet of Airbus A320, ATR 42 and ATR 72 aircraft. The airline appealed to middle class travellers with low fares and a large route network. It employed several innovative methods to ensure the profitability of its business model. Nevertheless, Simplifly Deccan merged with Kingfisher Airlines in April 2008. Kingfisher replaced the Deccan brand with Kingfisher Red in August 2008. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 13 Simplifly Deccan, formerly known as Air Deccan, was the first Indian low-cost carrier. Headquartered in Bengaluru, it operated domestic flights from seven base airports using a fleet of Airbus A320, ATR 42 and ATR 72 aircraft. The airline appealed to middle class travellers with low fares and a large route network. It employed several innovative methods to ensure the profitability of its business model. Nevertheless, Simplifly Deccan merged with Kingfisher Airlines in April 2008. Kingfisher replaced the Deccan brand with Kingfisher Red in August 2008. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 13</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Simplifly_Deccan" title="Simplifly Deccan">Simplifly Deccan</a></b>, formerly known as <b>Air Deccan</b>, was the first Indian <a href="/wiki/Low-cost_carrier" title="Low-cost carrier">low-cost carrier</a>. Headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a>, it operated domestic flights from seven base airports using a fleet of <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A320" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus A320">Airbus A320</a>, <a href="/wiki/ATR_42" title="ATR 42">ATR 42</a> and <a href="/wiki/ATR_72" title="ATR 72">ATR 72</a> aircraft. The airline appealed to <a href="/wiki/Middle_class" title="Middle class">middle class</a> travellers with low fares and a large route network. It employed several innovative methods to ensure the profitability of its business model. Nevertheless, Simplifly Deccan merged with <a href="/wiki/Kingfisher_Airlines" title="Kingfisher Airlines">Kingfisher Airlines</a> in April 2008. Kingfisher replaced the Deccan brand with <a href="/wiki/Kingfisher_Red" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingfisher Red">Kingfisher Red</a> in August 2008. (<b><a href="/wiki/Simplifly_Deccan" title="Simplifly Deccan">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 14 Wreckage of the Coromandel Express On 2 June 2023, three trains collided in Balasore district in the east Indian state of Odisha. The accident occurred around 19:00 IST when Coromandel Express, a passenger train, collided with a stationary goods train near Bahanaga Bazar railway station on the Howrah–Chennai main line. Due to the high speed of the passenger train and the heavy tonnage of the goods train, the impact resulted in 21 coaches of the Coromandel Express derailing and three of those collided with the oncoming SMVT Bengaluru–Howrah Superfast Express on the adjacent track. 296 people were killed in the crash and more than 1,200 were injured. It was one of the deadliest railway accidents in India. National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) and Odisha Disaster Rapid Action Force (ODRAF) were involved in the search and recovery efforts, assisted by other government agencies and the general public. The injured were treated at local hospitals in the region. In the aftermath, operations of more than 150 trains were impacted, with the cancellation of at least 48 trains. The rail services resumed on the line on 5 June after restoration work. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 14 Wreckage of the Coromandel Express On 2 June 2023, three trains collided in Balasore district in the east Indian state of Odisha. The accident occurred around 19:00 IST when Coromandel Express, a passenger train, collided with a stationary goods train near Bahanaga Bazar railway station on the Howrah–Chennai main line. Due to the high speed of the passenger train and the heavy tonnage of the goods train, the impact resulted in 21 coaches of the Coromandel Express derailing and three of those collided with the oncoming SMVT Bengaluru–Howrah Superfast Express on the adjacent track. 296 people were killed in the crash and more than 1,200 were injured. It was one of the deadliest railway accidents in India. National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) and Odisha Disaster Rapid Action Force (ODRAF) were involved in the search and recovery efforts, assisted by other government agencies and the general public. The injured were treated at local hospitals in the region. In the aftermath, operations of more than 150 trains were impacted, with the cancellation of at least 48 trains. The rail services resumed on the line on 5 June after restoration work. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 14</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:The_wreckage_of_the_three_compartments_of_the_Coromandel_Express_lies_beside_the_line.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/The_wreckage_of_the_three_compartments_of_the_Coromandel_Express_lies_beside_the_line.jpg/220px-The_wreckage_of_the_three_compartments_of_the_Coromandel_Express_lies_beside_the_line.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/The_wreckage_of_the_three_compartments_of_the_Coromandel_Express_lies_beside_the_line.jpg/330px-The_wreckage_of_the_three_compartments_of_the_Coromandel_Express_lies_beside_the_line.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/The_wreckage_of_the_three_compartments_of_the_Coromandel_Express_lies_beside_the_line.jpg/440px-The_wreckage_of_the_three_compartments_of_the_Coromandel_Express_lies_beside_the_line.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4365" data-file-height="2910" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Wreckage of the Coromandel Express</div></div></div></div><br />On 2 June 2023, three <a href="/wiki/Train_collision" class="mw-redirect" title="Train collision">trains collided</a> in <a href="/wiki/Balasore_district" title="Balasore district">Balasore district</a> in the <a href="/wiki/East_India" title="East India">east Indian</a> state of <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a>. The accident occurred around 19:00 <a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a> when <a href="/wiki/Coromandel_Express" title="Coromandel Express">Coromandel Express</a>, a passenger train, collided with a stationary <a href="/wiki/Freight_train" title="Freight train">goods train</a> near <a href="/wiki/Bahanaga_Bazar_railway_station" title="Bahanaga Bazar railway station">Bahanaga Bazar railway station</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Howrah%E2%80%93Chennai_main_line" title="Howrah–Chennai main line">Howrah–Chennai main line</a>. Due to the high speed of the passenger train and the heavy tonnage of the goods train, the impact resulted in 21 coaches of the Coromandel Express <a href="/wiki/Derailment" title="Derailment">derailing</a> and three of those collided with the oncoming <a href="/wiki/SMVT_Bengaluru%E2%80%93Howrah_Superfast_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="SMVT Bengaluru–Howrah Superfast Express">SMVT Bengaluru–Howrah Superfast Express</a> on the adjacent track.<br /><br />296 people were killed in the crash and more than 1,200 were injured. It was one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_accidents_and_disasters_by_death_toll#Rail" title="List of accidents and disasters by death toll">deadliest</a> railway accidents <a href="/wiki/List_of_railway_accidents_and_incidents_in_India" title="List of railway accidents and incidents in India">in India</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Disaster_Response_Force" title="National Disaster Response Force">National Disaster Response Force</a> (NDRF) and <a href="/wiki/Odisha_Disaster_Rapid_Action_Force" title="Odisha Disaster Rapid Action Force">Odisha Disaster Rapid Action Force</a> (ODRAF) were involved in the search and recovery efforts, assisted by other government agencies and the general public. The injured were treated at local hospitals in the region. In the aftermath, operations of more than 150 trains were impacted, with the cancellation of at least 48 trains. The rail services resumed on the line on 5 June after restoration work. (<b><a href="/wiki/2023_Odisha_train_collision" title="2023 Odisha train collision">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 15 Pokiri (transl. Rogue) is a 2006 Indian Telugu-language action thriller film written and directed by Puri Jagannadh. The film was produced by Jagannadh and Manjula Ghattamaneni by their respective production companies Vaishno Academy and Indira Productions. The film stars Mahesh Babu, Ileana, Prakash Raj, Nassar, Ashish Vidyarthi and Sayaji Shinde. In the film, a local goon whose killer instincts earns him not only his girlfriend's disapproval and a corrupt cop's enmity, but also the attention of a wanted crime boss. The film was made on a budget of around ₹12 crore. principal photography commenced in November 2005 and lasted until April 2006. Most of the film was shot in and around Hyderabad and Chennai, except for a song which was shot at the province of Phuket in Thailand and the city of Bangkok. Shyam K. Naidu was the film's cinematographer, and it was edited by Marthand K. Venkatesh. The soundtrack and film score were composed by Mani Sharma. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 15 Pokiri (transl. Rogue) is a 2006 Indian Telugu-language action thriller film written and directed by Puri Jagannadh. The film was produced by Jagannadh and Manjula Ghattamaneni by their respective production companies Vaishno Academy and Indira Productions. The film stars Mahesh Babu, Ileana, Prakash Raj, Nassar, Ashish Vidyarthi and Sayaji Shinde. In the film, a local goon whose killer instincts earns him not only his girlfriend's disapproval and a corrupt cop's enmity, but also the attention of a wanted crime boss. The film was made on a budget of around ₹12 crore. principal photography commenced in November 2005 and lasted until April 2006. Most of the film was shot in and around Hyderabad and Chennai, except for a song which was shot at the province of Phuket in Thailand and the city of Bangkok. Shyam K. Naidu was the film's cinematographer, and it was edited by Marthand K. Venkatesh. The soundtrack and film score were composed by Mani Sharma. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 15</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pokiri" title="Pokiri">Pokiri</a></b></i> (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> Rogue</span>) is a 2006 Indian <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a>-language <a href="/wiki/Action_thriller_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Action thriller film">action thriller film</a> written and directed by <a href="/wiki/Puri_Jagannadh" title="Puri Jagannadh">Puri Jagannadh</a>. The film was produced by Jagannadh and <a href="/wiki/Manjula_Ghattamaneni" title="Manjula Ghattamaneni">Manjula Ghattamaneni</a> by their respective production companies <a href="/wiki/Vaishno_Academy" title="Vaishno Academy">Vaishno Academy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indira_Productions" title="Indira Productions">Indira Productions</a>. The film stars <a href="/wiki/Mahesh_Babu" title="Mahesh Babu">Mahesh Babu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ileana_D%27Cruz" title="Ileana D'Cruz">Ileana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prakash_Raj" title="Prakash Raj">Prakash Raj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nassar_(actor)" title="Nassar (actor)">Nassar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ashish_Vidyarthi" title="Ashish Vidyarthi">Ashish Vidyarthi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sayaji_Shinde" title="Sayaji Shinde">Sayaji Shinde</a>. In the film, a local goon whose killer instincts earns him not only his girlfriend's disapproval and a corrupt cop's enmity, but also the attention of a wanted crime boss.<br /><br />The film was made on a budget of around <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>12 crore. principal photography commenced in November 2005 and lasted until April 2006. Most of the film was shot in and around <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyderabad, India">Hyderabad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a>, except for a song which was shot at the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Thailand" title="Provinces of Thailand">province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Phuket_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Phuket Province">Phuket</a> in <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> and the city of <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>. <a href="/wiki/Shyam_K._Naidu" title="Shyam K. Naidu">Shyam K. Naidu</a> was the film's <a href="/wiki/Cinematographer" title="Cinematographer">cinematographer</a>, and it was edited by <a href="/wiki/Marthand_K._Venkatesh" title="Marthand K. Venkatesh">Marthand K. Venkatesh</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Soundtrack" title="Soundtrack">soundtrack</a> and <a href="/wiki/Film_score" title="Film score">film score</a> were composed by <a href="/wiki/Mani_Sharma" title="Mani Sharma">Mani Sharma</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Pokiri" title="Pokiri">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 16 Portrait of Periyar on a postage stamp In this Indian name, the toponymic surname is Erode. It is not a family name, and the person should be referred to by the given name, Ramasamy. In this Indian name, the name Venkatappa is a patronymic, and the person should be referred to by the given name, Ramasamy. Erode Venkatappa Ramasamy (17 September 1879 – 24 December 1973), revered by his followers as Periyar or Thanthai Periyar, was an Indian social activist and politician who started the Self-Respect Movement and Dravidar Kazhagam. He is known as the 'Father of the Dravidian movement'. He rebelled against Brahmin dominance and gender and caste inequality in Tamil Nadu. Since 2021, the Indian state of Tamil Nadu celebrates his birth anniversary as 'Social Justice Day'. Ramasamy joined the Indian National Congress in 1919. In 1924, Ramasamy participated in non-violent agitation (satyagraha) involving Mahatma Gandhi in Vaikom, Travancore. He resigned from the Congress in 1925 when he felt that the party was only serving the interests of Brahmins. He questioned what he felt was the subjugation of non-Brahmin Dravidians as Brahmins enjoyed gifts and donations from non-Brahmins but opposed and discriminated against non-Brahmins in cultural and religious matters. He declared his stance to be "no god, no religion, no Gandhi, no Congress, and no Brahmins". (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 16 Portrait of Periyar on a postage stamp In this Indian name, the toponymic surname is Erode. It is not a family name, and the person should be referred to by the given name, Ramasamy. In this Indian name, the name Venkatappa is a patronymic, and the person should be referred to by the given name, Ramasamy. Erode Venkatappa Ramasamy (17 September 1879 – 24 December 1973), revered by his followers as Periyar or Thanthai Periyar, was an Indian social activist and politician who started the Self-Respect Movement and Dravidar Kazhagam. He is known as the 'Father of the Dravidian movement'. He rebelled against Brahmin dominance and gender and caste inequality in Tamil Nadu. Since 2021, the Indian state of Tamil Nadu celebrates his birth anniversary as 'Social Justice Day'. Ramasamy joined the Indian National Congress in 1919. In 1924, Ramasamy participated in non-violent agitation (satyagraha) involving Mahatma Gandhi in Vaikom, Travancore. He resigned from the Congress in 1925 when he felt that the party was only serving the interests of Brahmins. He questioned what he felt was the subjugation of non-Brahmin Dravidians as Brahmins enjoyed gifts and donations from non-Brahmins but opposed and discriminated against non-Brahmins in cultural and religious matters. He declared his stance to be "no god, no religion, no Gandhi, no Congress, and no Brahmins". (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 16</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:PeriyarEVRStamp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/PeriyarEVRStamp.jpg" decoding="async" width="168" height="225" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="168" data-file-height="225" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Portrait of Periyar on a postage stamp</div></div></div></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Indian_name" title="Indian name">Indian name</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Toponymic_surname" title="Toponymic surname">toponymic surname</a> is <i> Erode</i>. It is not a <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">family name</a>, and the person should be referred to by the <a href="/wiki/Given_name" title="Given name">given name</a>, <i> Ramasamy</i>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Indian_name" title="Indian name">Indian name</a>, the name <i>Venkatappa</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymic</a>, and the person should be referred to by the <a href="/wiki/Given_name" title="Given name">given name</a>, <i>Ramasamy</i>.</div><b>Erode Venkatappa Ramasamy</b> (17 September 1879 – 24 December 1973), revered by his followers as <b><a href="/wiki/Periyar" title="Periyar">Periyar</a></b> or <b>Thanthai Periyar</b>, was an Indian social activist and politician who started the <a href="/wiki/Self-Respect_Movement" title="Self-Respect Movement">Self-Respect Movement</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dravidar_Kazhagam" title="Dravidar Kazhagam">Dravidar Kazhagam</a>. He is known as the 'Father of the <a href="/wiki/Dravidian_movement" title="Dravidian movement">Dravidian movement</a>'. He rebelled against <a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmin</a> dominance and gender and caste inequality in <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>. Since 2021, the Indian state of Tamil Nadu celebrates his birth anniversary as 'Social Justice Day'.<br /><br />Ramasamy joined the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> in 1919. In 1924, Ramasamy participated in non-violent agitation (<a href="/wiki/Satyagraha" title="Satyagraha">satyagraha</a>) involving <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vaikom" title="Vaikom">Vaikom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore</a>. He resigned from the Congress in 1925 when he felt that the party was only serving the interests of <a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmins</a>. He questioned what he felt was the subjugation of non-Brahmin Dravidians as Brahmins enjoyed gifts and donations from non-Brahmins but opposed and discriminated against non-Brahmins in cultural and religious matters. He declared his stance to be "no god, no religion, no Gandhi, no Congress, and no Brahmins". (<b><a href="/wiki/Periyar" title="Periyar">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 17 Kapoor in 2022 Ranbir Kapoor (pronounced [ɾəɳˈbiːɾ kəˈpuːɾ]; born 28 September 1982) is an Indian actor known for his work in Hindi-language films. He is one of the highest-paid actors of Hindi cinema and has featured in Forbes India's Celebrity 100 list since 2012. Kapoor is the recipient of several awards, including seven Filmfare Awards. The son of actors Rishi Kapoor and Neetu Singh, and the grandson of actor-director Raj Kapoor, Kapoor pursued filmmaking and method acting at the School of Visual Arts and the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute, respectively. He subsequently assisted Sanjay Leela Bhansali on the film Black (2005) and made his acting debut with Bhansali's tragic romance Saawariya (2007), a critical and commercial failure. He rose to prominence with the coming-of-age film Wake Up Sid, the romantic comedy Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani (both 2009), and the political drama Raajneeti (2010). (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 17 Kapoor in 2022 Ranbir Kapoor (pronounced [ɾəɳˈbiːɾ kəˈpuːɾ]; born 28 September 1982) is an Indian actor known for his work in Hindi-language films. He is one of the highest-paid actors of Hindi cinema and has featured in Forbes India's Celebrity 100 list since 2012. Kapoor is the recipient of several awards, including seven Filmfare Awards. The son of actors Rishi Kapoor and Neetu Singh, and the grandson of actor-director Raj Kapoor, Kapoor pursued filmmaking and method acting at the School of Visual Arts and the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute, respectively. He subsequently assisted Sanjay Leela Bhansali on the film Black (2005) and made his acting debut with Bhansali's tragic romance Saawariya (2007), a critical and commercial failure. He rose to prominence with the coming-of-age film Wake Up Sid, the romantic comedy Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani (both 2009), and the political drama Raajneeti (2010). (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 17</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ranbir_Kapoor_promoting_Brahmastra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Ranbir_Kapoor_promoting_Brahmastra.jpg/220px-Ranbir_Kapoor_promoting_Brahmastra.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Ranbir_Kapoor_promoting_Brahmastra.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Kapoor in 2022</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Ranbir_Kapoor" title="Ranbir Kapoor">Ranbir Kapoor</a></b> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="hns-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">[ɾəɳˈbiːɾ<span class="wrap"> </span>kəˈpuːɾ]</a></span>; born 28 September 1982) is an Indian actor known for his work in <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>-language films. He is one of the highest-paid actors of <a href="/wiki/Hindi_cinema" title="Hindi cinema">Hindi cinema</a> and has featured in <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes_India" title="Forbes India">Forbes India</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> <a href="/wiki/Celebrity_100" class="mw-redirect" title="Celebrity 100">Celebrity 100</a> list since 2012. Kapoor is the recipient of <a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Ranbir_Kapoor" title="List of awards and nominations received by Ranbir Kapoor">several awards</a>, including seven <a href="/wiki/Filmfare_Awards" title="Filmfare Awards">Filmfare Awards</a>.<br /><br />The son of actors <a href="/wiki/Rishi_Kapoor" title="Rishi Kapoor">Rishi Kapoor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neetu_Singh" title="Neetu Singh">Neetu Singh</a>, and the grandson of actor-director <a href="/wiki/Raj_Kapoor" title="Raj Kapoor">Raj Kapoor</a>, Kapoor pursued filmmaking and method acting at the <a href="/wiki/School_of_Visual_Arts" title="School of Visual Arts">School of Visual Arts</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lee_Strasberg_Theatre_and_Film_Institute" title="Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute">Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute</a>, respectively. He subsequently assisted <a href="/wiki/Sanjay_Leela_Bhansali" title="Sanjay Leela Bhansali">Sanjay Leela Bhansali</a> on the film <i><a href="/wiki/Black_(2005_film)" title="Black (2005 film)">Black</a></i> (2005) and made his acting debut with Bhansali's tragic romance <i><a href="/wiki/Saawariya" title="Saawariya">Saawariya</a></i> (2007), a critical and commercial failure. He rose to prominence with the coming-of-age film <i><a href="/wiki/Wake_Up_Sid" title="Wake Up Sid">Wake Up Sid</a></i>, the romantic comedy <i><a href="/wiki/Ajab_Prem_Ki_Ghazab_Kahani" title="Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani">Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani</a></i> (both 2009), and the political drama <i><a href="/wiki/Raajneeti" title="Raajneeti">Raajneeti</a></i> (2010). (<b><a href="/wiki/Ranbir_Kapoor" title="Ranbir Kapoor">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 18 Shriya Saran in 2019 Shriya Saran Bhatnagar (pronounced [ʃrɪja səɾən] born 11 September 1982) is an Indian actress who primarily works in Telugu, Tamil and Hindi films. Although Saran aspired to become a dancer, she became an actress and made her film debut with the Telugu film Ishtam (2001). She had her first commercial success with Santosham (2002). Saran subsequently appeared in several successful Telugu films such as Nenunnanu (2004) and Chatrapathi (2005), alongside Hindi and Tamil films. After marking her Hindi debut with Tujhe Meri Kasam (2003), she gained critical acclaim for her role in Awarapan (2007). Saran marked her Tamil debut with Enakku 20 Unakku 18 (2003) and starred in Sivaji (2007), the highest-grossing Tamil film at that time. In 2008, Saran played the lead role in her first English film, The Other End of the Line. Her following projects included popular films such as Kanthaswamy (2009) in Tamil and Pokkiri Raja (2010) in Malayalam—roles that established her as one of the leading actresses in the South Indian film industries. In 2012, Saran starred in Midnight's Children, an English adaptation of novel of the same name, for which she received international critical acclaim. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 18 Shriya Saran in 2019 Shriya Saran Bhatnagar (pronounced [ʃrɪja səɾən] born 11 September 1982) is an Indian actress who primarily works in Telugu, Tamil and Hindi films. Although Saran aspired to become a dancer, she became an actress and made her film debut with the Telugu film Ishtam (2001). She had her first commercial success with Santosham (2002). Saran subsequently appeared in several successful Telugu films such as Nenunnanu (2004) and Chatrapathi (2005), alongside Hindi and Tamil films. After marking her Hindi debut with Tujhe Meri Kasam (2003), she gained critical acclaim for her role in Awarapan (2007). Saran marked her Tamil debut with Enakku 20 Unakku 18 (2003) and starred in Sivaji (2007), the highest-grossing Tamil film at that time. In 2008, Saran played the lead role in her first English film, The Other End of the Line. Her following projects included popular films such as Kanthaswamy (2009) in Tamil and Pokkiri Raja (2010) in Malayalam—roles that established her as one of the leading actresses in the South Indian film industries. In 2012, Saran starred in Midnight's Children, an English adaptation of novel of the same name, for which she received international critical acclaim. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 18</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Shriya_Saran_at_Jackky_Bhagnani%E2%80%99s_Diwali_bash,_2019_(28).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Shriya_Saran_at_Jackky_Bhagnani%E2%80%99s_Diwali_bash%2C_2019_%2828%29.jpg/220px-Shriya_Saran_at_Jackky_Bhagnani%E2%80%99s_Diwali_bash%2C_2019_%2828%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Shriya_Saran_at_Jackky_Bhagnani%E2%80%99s_Diwali_bash%2C_2019_%2828%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="233" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Shriya Saran in 2019</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Shriya_Saran" title="Shriya Saran">Shriya Saran Bhatnagar</a></b> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="hns-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">[ʃrɪja<span class="wrap"> </span>səɾən]</a></span> born 11 September 1982) is an Indian actress who primarily works in <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> films. Although Saran aspired to become a dancer, she became an actress and made her film debut with the Telugu film <i><a href="/wiki/Ishtam_(2001_Telugu_film)" title="Ishtam (2001 Telugu film)">Ishtam</a></i> (2001). She had her first commercial success with <a href="/wiki/Santosham_(2002_film)" title="Santosham (2002 film)"><i>Santosham</i></a> (2002).<br /><br />Saran subsequently appeared in several successful Telugu films such as <i><a href="/wiki/Nenunnanu" title="Nenunnanu">Nenunnanu</a></i> (2004) and <i><a href="/wiki/Chatrapathi_(2005_film)" title="Chatrapathi (2005 film)">Chatrapathi</a></i> (2005), alongside Hindi and Tamil films. After marking her Hindi debut with <i><a href="/wiki/Tujhe_Meri_Kasam" title="Tujhe Meri Kasam">Tujhe Meri Kasam</a></i> (2003), she gained critical acclaim for her role in <i><a href="/wiki/Awarapan" title="Awarapan">Awarapan</a></i> (2007). Saran marked her Tamil debut with <i><a href="/wiki/Enakku_20_Unakku_18" title="Enakku 20 Unakku 18">Enakku 20 Unakku 18</a></i> (2003) and starred in <i><a href="/wiki/Sivaji_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sivaji (film)">Sivaji</a></i> (2007), the highest-grossing Tamil film at that time. In 2008, Saran played the lead role in her first English film, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Other_End_of_the_Line" title="The Other End of the Line">The Other End of the Line</a></i>. Her following projects included popular films such as <i><a href="/wiki/Kanthaswamy_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanthaswamy (film)">Kanthaswamy</a></i> (2009) in Tamil and <i><a href="/wiki/Pokkiri_Raja_(2010_film)" title="Pokkiri Raja (2010 film)">Pokkiri Raja</a></i> (2010) in <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a>—roles that established her as one of the leading actresses in the South Indian film industries. In 2012, Saran starred in <i><a href="/wiki/Midnight%27s_Children_(film)" title="Midnight's Children (film)">Midnight's Children</a></i>, an English adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Midnight%27s_Children" title="Midnight's Children">novel of the same name</a>, for which she received international critical acclaim. (<b><a href="/wiki/Shriya_Saran" title="Shriya Saran">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 19 1: Nenokkadine (transl. 1: I am alone) is a 2014 Indian Telugu-language action thriller film directed by Sukumar. The film was produced by Ram Achanta, Gopichand Achanta and Anil Sunkara on 14 Reels Entertainment banner and was distributed by Eros International. The film stars Mahesh Babu and Kriti Sanon in lead roles. Nassar, Pradeep Rawat and Kelly Dorji appear in supporting roles. Mahesh Babu's son, Gautham Krishna, made his debut in the film as a younger version of the protagonist. 1: Nenokkadine revolves around the search by Gautham, a rock musician with schizophrenia, missing 25 percent of his brain's grey matter for his parents with the help of his girlfriend Sameera, a journalist. Sukumar began working on 1: Nenokkadine's script after completing 100% Love (2011), making a bus driver's tale about a boy who claimed that his parents were murdered on his bus the film's base. R. Rathnavelu was the film's director of photography, and Karthika Srinivas, its editor. Devi Sri Prasad composed the soundtrack and background score. 1: Nenokkadine was introduced on 12 February 2012, and principal photography, which began on 23 April 2012, was completed in late October 2013. It was filmed in London, Belfast, Bangkok and Indian cities including Hyderabad, Mumbai, Goa, Chennai and Bangalore. Produced on a budget of ₹60–70 crores, it was the most expensive Telugu film at the time of its release. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 19 1: Nenokkadine (transl. 1: I am alone) is a 2014 Indian Telugu-language action thriller film directed by Sukumar. The film was produced by Ram Achanta, Gopichand Achanta and Anil Sunkara on 14 Reels Entertainment banner and was distributed by Eros International. The film stars Mahesh Babu and Kriti Sanon in lead roles. Nassar, Pradeep Rawat and Kelly Dorji appear in supporting roles. Mahesh Babu's son, Gautham Krishna, made his debut in the film as a younger version of the protagonist. 1: Nenokkadine revolves around the search by Gautham, a rock musician with schizophrenia, missing 25 percent of his brain's grey matter for his parents with the help of his girlfriend Sameera, a journalist. Sukumar began working on 1: Nenokkadine's script after completing 100% Love (2011), making a bus driver's tale about a boy who claimed that his parents were murdered on his bus the film's base. R. Rathnavelu was the film's director of photography, and Karthika Srinivas, its editor. Devi Sri Prasad composed the soundtrack and background score. 1: Nenokkadine was introduced on 12 February 2012, and principal photography, which began on 23 April 2012, was completed in late October 2013. It was filmed in London, Belfast, Bangkok and Indian cities including Hyderabad, Mumbai, Goa, Chennai and Bangalore. Produced on a budget of ₹60–70 crores, it was the most expensive Telugu film at the time of its release. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 19</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/1:_Nenokkadine" title="1: Nenokkadine">1: Nenokkadine</a></b></i> (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> 1: I am alone</span>) is a 2014 Indian <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a>-language <a href="/wiki/Action_thriller_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Action thriller film">action thriller film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Sukumar" title="Sukumar">Sukumar</a>. The film was produced by Ram Achanta, Gopichand Achanta and Anil Sunkara on 14 Reels Entertainment banner and was distributed by <a href="/wiki/Eros_International" title="Eros International">Eros International</a>. The film stars <a href="/wiki/Mahesh_Babu" title="Mahesh Babu">Mahesh Babu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kriti_Sanon" title="Kriti Sanon">Kriti Sanon</a> in lead roles. <a href="/wiki/Nassar_(actor)" title="Nassar (actor)">Nassar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pradeep_Rawat_(actor)" title="Pradeep Rawat (actor)">Pradeep Rawat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kelly_Dorji" title="Kelly Dorji">Kelly Dorji</a> appear in supporting roles. Mahesh Babu's son, Gautham Krishna, made his debut in the film as a younger version of the protagonist. <i>1: Nenokkadine</i> revolves around the search by Gautham, a rock musician with <a href="/wiki/Schizophrenia" title="Schizophrenia">schizophrenia</a>, missing 25 percent of his brain's <a href="/wiki/Grey_matter" title="Grey matter">grey matter</a> for his parents with the help of his girlfriend Sameera, a journalist. <br /><br />Sukumar began working on <i>1: Nenokkadine</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> script after completing <i><a href="/wiki/100%25_Love_(2011_film)" title="100% Love (2011 film)">100% Love</a></i> (2011), making a bus driver's tale about a boy who claimed that his parents were murdered on his bus the film's base. <a href="/wiki/R._Rathnavelu" title="R. Rathnavelu">R. Rathnavelu</a> was the film's director of photography, and Karthika Srinivas, its editor. <a href="/wiki/Devi_Sri_Prasad" title="Devi Sri Prasad">Devi Sri Prasad</a> composed the soundtrack and background score. <i>1: Nenokkadine</i> was introduced on 12 February 2012, and <a href="/wiki/Principal_photography" title="Principal photography">principal photography</a>, which began on 23 April 2012, was completed in late October 2013. It was filmed in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a> and Indian cities including <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a>. Produced on a budget of <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>60–70 crores, it was the most expensive Telugu film at the time of its release. (<b><a href="/wiki/1:_Nenokkadine" title="1: Nenokkadine">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 20 Captain Gurbachan Singh Salaria, PVC (29 November 1935 – 5 December 1961) was an Indian military officer and member of a United Nations peacekeeping force. Salaria was an alumnus of King George's Royal Indian Military College and the National Defence Academy (NDA). He was the first NDA alumnus and is the only UN Peacekeeper to be awarded a Param Vir Chakra (PVC), India's highest wartime military decoration. In December 1961, Salaria was among the Indian troops deployed to the Republic of the Congo as part of the United Nations Operation in the Congo. On 5 December, as part of Operation Unokat, Salaria's battalion was tasked to clear a roadblock of two armoured cars manned by 150 gendarmes of the secessionist State of Katanga on the way to the Elizabethville Airport. The plan was that Salaria and his men were to block their retreat. His rocket launcher team attacked and destroyed the Katangese armoured cars. This unforeseen move confused the Katangese gendarmes, and Salaria felt it would be best to attack before they reorganised. Though his troops were outnumbered, they charged towards the Katangese and killed 40 men in a kukri assault. During the attack, Salaria was shot twice in the neck and eventually succumbed to his injuries. The remaining gendarmes fled in confusion, leaving their dead and wounded behind. This helped the main battalion to easily overrun the Katangese and clear the roadblock. For his duty and courage, and disregard for his own safety during the battle, Salaria was awarded the PVC. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 20 Captain Gurbachan Singh Salaria, PVC (29 November 1935 – 5 December 1961) was an Indian military officer and member of a United Nations peacekeeping force. Salaria was an alumnus of King George's Royal Indian Military College and the National Defence Academy (NDA). He was the first NDA alumnus and is the only UN Peacekeeper to be awarded a Param Vir Chakra (PVC), India's highest wartime military decoration. In December 1961, Salaria was among the Indian troops deployed to the Republic of the Congo as part of the United Nations Operation in the Congo. On 5 December, as part of Operation Unokat, Salaria's battalion was tasked to clear a roadblock of two armoured cars manned by 150 gendarmes of the secessionist State of Katanga on the way to the Elizabethville Airport. The plan was that Salaria and his men were to block their retreat. His rocket launcher team attacked and destroyed the Katangese armoured cars. This unforeseen move confused the Katangese gendarmes, and Salaria felt it would be best to attack before they reorganised. Though his troops were outnumbered, they charged towards the Katangese and killed 40 men in a kukri assault. During the attack, Salaria was shot twice in the neck and eventually succumbed to his injuries. The remaining gendarmes fled in confusion, leaving their dead and wounded behind. This helped the main battalion to easily overrun the Katangese and clear the roadblock. For his duty and courage, and disregard for his own safety during the battle, Salaria was awarded the PVC. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 20</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Captain_(armed_forces)" title="Captain (armed forces)">Captain</a> <b><a href="/wiki/Gurbachan_Singh_Salaria" title="Gurbachan Singh Salaria">Gurbachan Singh Salaria</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Param_Vir_Chakra" title="Param Vir Chakra">PVC</a> (29 November 1935 – 5 December 1961) was an Indian <a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">military officer</a> and member of a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_peacekeeping" title="United Nations peacekeeping">United Nations peacekeeping</a> force. Salaria was an alumnus of <a href="/wiki/Chail_Military_School" title="Chail Military School">King George's Royal Indian Military College</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Defence_Academy_(India)" title="National Defence Academy (India)">National Defence Academy</a> (NDA). He was the first NDA alumnus and is the only <a href="/wiki/UN_Peacekeeper" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Peacekeeper">UN Peacekeeper</a> to be awarded a <a href="/wiki/Param_Vir_Chakra" title="Param Vir Chakra">Param Vir Chakra</a> (PVC), India's highest wartime military decoration.<br /><br />In December 1961, Salaria was among the Indian troops deployed to the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo_(L%C3%A9opoldville)" title="Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)">Republic of the Congo</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Operation_in_the_Congo" title="United Nations Operation in the Congo">United Nations Operation in the Congo</a>. On 5 December, as part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Unokat" title="Operation Unokat">Operation Unokat</a>, Salaria's battalion was tasked to clear a roadblock of two armoured cars manned by 150 <a href="/wiki/Katangese_Gendarmerie" title="Katangese Gendarmerie">gendarmes</a> of the secessionist <a href="/wiki/State_of_Katanga" title="State of Katanga">State of Katanga</a> on the way to the <a href="/wiki/Elizabethville_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabethville Airport">Elizabethville Airport</a>. The plan was that Salaria and his men were to block their retreat. His <a href="/wiki/Rocket_launcher" title="Rocket launcher">rocket launcher</a> team attacked and destroyed the Katangese armoured cars. This unforeseen move confused the Katangese gendarmes, and Salaria felt it would be best to attack before they reorganised. Though his troops were outnumbered, they charged towards the Katangese and killed 40 men in a <a href="/wiki/Kukri" title="Kukri">kukri</a> assault. During the attack, Salaria was shot twice in the neck and eventually succumbed to his injuries. The remaining gendarmes fled in confusion, leaving their dead and wounded behind. This helped the main battalion to easily overrun the Katangese and clear the roadblock. For his duty and courage, and disregard for his own safety during the battle, Salaria was awarded the PVC. (<b><a href="/wiki/Gurbachan_Singh_Salaria" title="Gurbachan Singh Salaria">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 21 Statue of Shiva performing yoga in the lotus position Yoga (/ˈjoʊɡə/; Sanskrit: योग, Sanskrit pronunciation: [joːɡɐ] ⓘ, lit. "yoke" or "union") is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines that originated in ancient India, aimed at controlling body and mind to attain various salvation goals, as practiced in the Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist traditions. Yoga may have pre-Vedic origins, but is first attested in the early first millennium BCE. It developed as various traditions in the eastern Ganges basin drew from a common body of practices, including Vedic elements. Yoga-like practices are mentioned in the Rigveda and a number of early Upanishads, but systematic yoga concepts emerge during the fifth and sixth centuries BCE in ancient India's ascetic and Śramaṇa movements, including Jainism and Buddhism. The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, the classical text on Hindu yoga, samkhya-based but influenced by Buddhism, dates to the early centuries of the Common Era. Hatha yoga texts began to emerge between the ninth and 11th centuries, originating in tantra. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 21 Statue of Shiva performing yoga in the lotus position Yoga (/ˈjoʊɡə/; Sanskrit: योग, Sanskrit pronunciation: [joːɡɐ] ⓘ, lit. "yoke" or "union") is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines that originated in ancient India, aimed at controlling body and mind to attain various salvation goals, as practiced in the Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist traditions. Yoga may have pre-Vedic origins, but is first attested in the early first millennium BCE. It developed as various traditions in the eastern Ganges basin drew from a common body of practices, including Vedic elements. Yoga-like practices are mentioned in the Rigveda and a number of early Upanishads, but systematic yoga concepts emerge during the fifth and sixth centuries BCE in ancient India's ascetic and Śramaṇa movements, including Jainism and Buddhism. The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, the classical text on Hindu yoga, samkhya-based but influenced by Buddhism, dates to the early centuries of the Common Era. Hatha yoga texts began to emerge between the ninth and 11th centuries, originating in tantra. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 21</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shiva_Bangalore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Large outdoor concrete statue; see caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Shiva_Bangalore.jpg/260px-Shiva_Bangalore.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Shiva_Bangalore.jpg/390px-Shiva_Bangalore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Shiva_Bangalore.jpg/520px-Shiva_Bangalore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="832" data-file-height="822" /></a><figcaption>Statue of <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a> performing yoga in the <a href="/wiki/Lotus_position" title="Lotus position">lotus position</a></figcaption></figure><br /><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">योग</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Sanskrit pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="sa-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sanskrit" title="Help:IPA/Sanskrit">[joːɡɐ]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/88\/Yoga_pronunciation.ogg\/Yoga_pronunciation.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Yoga pronunciation.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Yoga_pronunciation.ogg/Yoga_pronunciation.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Yoga_pronunciation.ogg" title="File:Yoga pronunciation.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>, lit. "yoke" or "union") is a group of <a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">physical</a>, mental, and <a href="/wiki/Spirituality#Asian_traditions" title="Spirituality">spiritual</a> practices or disciplines that originated in <a href="/wiki/History_of_India" title="History of India">ancient India</a>, aimed at controlling body and mind to attain various <a href="/wiki/Soteriology" title="Soteriology">salvation</a> goals, as practiced in the <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jain</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> traditions.<br /><br />Yoga may have pre-<a href="/wiki/Vedic_period" title="Vedic period">Vedic</a> origins, but is first attested in the early first millennium BCE. It developed as various traditions in the eastern Ganges basin drew from a common body of practices, including <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedic</a> elements. Yoga-like practices are mentioned in the <i><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a></i> and a number of early <a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a>, but systematic yoga concepts emerge during the fifth and sixth centuries BCE in ancient India's <a href="/wiki/Sannyasa" title="Sannyasa">ascetic</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Arama%E1%B9%87a" title="Śramaṇa">Śramaṇa</a> movements, including Jainism and Buddhism. The <i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali">Yoga Sutras of Patanjali</a></i>, the classical text on Hindu yoga, <a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">samkhya</a>-based but influenced by Buddhism, dates to the early centuries of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">Hatha yoga</a> texts began to emerge between the ninth and 11th centuries, originating in <a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">tantra</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 22 Chariot of Murugan during Thaipusam festivities in Malaysia Thaipusam or Thaipoosam (Tamil: Taippūcam, IPA: [t̪əjppuːsəm]) is a Tamil Hindu festival celebrated on the first full moon day of the Tamil month of Thai coinciding with Pusam star. The festival is celebrated to commemorate the victory of Hindu god Murugan over the demon Surapadman. During the battle, Murugan is believed to have wielded a vel, a divine spear granted by his mother, Parvati. The festival includes ritualistic practices of Kavadi Aattam, a ceremonial act of sacrifice carrying a physical burden as a means of balancing a spiritual debt. Worshipers often carry a pot of cow milk as an offering and also do mortification of the flesh by piercing the skin, tongue or cheeks with vel skewers. Devotees prepare for the rituals by keeping clean, doing regular prayers, following a vegetarian diet and fasting while remaining celibate. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 22 Chariot of Murugan during Thaipusam festivities in Malaysia Thaipusam or Thaipoosam (Tamil: Taippūcam, IPA: [t̪əjppuːsəm]) is a Tamil Hindu festival celebrated on the first full moon day of the Tamil month of Thai coinciding with Pusam star. The festival is celebrated to commemorate the victory of Hindu god Murugan over the demon Surapadman. During the battle, Murugan is believed to have wielded a vel, a divine spear granted by his mother, Parvati. The festival includes ritualistic practices of Kavadi Aattam, a ceremonial act of sacrifice carrying a physical burden as a means of balancing a spiritual debt. Worshipers often carry a pot of cow milk as an offering and also do mortification of the flesh by piercing the skin, tongue or cheeks with vel skewers. Devotees prepare for the rituals by keeping clean, doing regular prayers, following a vegetarian diet and fasting while remaining celibate. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 22</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Penang_thaipusam_Kavadi_procceession.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Penang_thaipusam_Kavadi_procceession.jpg/220px-Penang_thaipusam_Kavadi_procceession.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Penang_thaipusam_Kavadi_procceession.jpg/330px-Penang_thaipusam_Kavadi_procceession.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Penang_thaipusam_Kavadi_procceession.jpg/440px-Penang_thaipusam_Kavadi_procceession.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1239" data-file-height="1233" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Chariot of <a href="/wiki/Murugan" class="mw-redirect" title="Murugan">Murugan</a> during Thaipusam festivities in Malaysia</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Thaipusam" title="Thaipusam">Thaipusam</a></b> or <b>Thaipoosam</b> (<a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>: Taippūcam, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ta-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tamil" title="Help:IPA/Tamil">[t̪əjppuːsəm]</a></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil Hindu">Tamil Hindu</a> festival celebrated on the first <a href="/wiki/Purnima" title="Purnima">full moon</a> day of the <a href="/wiki/Tamil_calendar" title="Tamil calendar">Tamil month</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pausha" title="Pausha">Thai</a> coinciding with <a href="/wiki/Pushya" title="Pushya">Pusam</a> <a href="/wiki/Nakshatra" title="Nakshatra">star</a>. The festival is celebrated to commemorate the victory of <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> god <a href="/wiki/Murugan" class="mw-redirect" title="Murugan">Murugan</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Asura" title="Asura">demon</a> <a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C5%ABrapadm%C4%81" title="Śūrapadmā">Surapadman</a>. During the battle, Murugan is believed to have wielded a <a href="/wiki/Vel" title="Vel">vel</a>, a divine spear granted by his mother, <a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a>.<br /><br />The festival includes ritualistic practices of <a href="/wiki/Kavadi_Aattam" title="Kavadi Aattam">Kavadi Aattam</a>, a ceremonial act of sacrifice carrying a physical burden as a means of balancing a spiritual debt. Worshipers often carry a pot of <a href="/wiki/Cow_milk" class="mw-redirect" title="Cow milk">cow milk</a> as an offering and also do <a href="/wiki/Mortification_of_the_flesh" title="Mortification of the flesh">mortification of the flesh</a> by piercing the skin, tongue or cheeks with <i>vel</i> skewers. Devotees prepare for the rituals by keeping clean, doing regular prayers, following a vegetarian diet and fasting while remaining celibate. (<b><a href="/wiki/Thaipusam" title="Thaipusam">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 23 Rati Rati (Sanskrit: रति, Rati) is the Hindu goddess of love, carnal desire, lust, passion, and sexual pleasure. Usually described as the daughter of Prajapati Daksha, Rati is the female counterpart, the chief consort and the assistant of Kama (Kamadeva), the god of love. A constant companion of Kama, she is often depicted with him in legend and temple sculpture. She also enjoys worship along with Kama. The Hindu scriptures stress Rati's beauty and sensuality. They depict her as a maiden who has the power to enchant the God of Love. When the deity Shiva burns her husband to ashes, it is Rati, whose beseeching or penance, leads to the promise of Kama's resurrection. Often, this resurrection occurs when Kama is reborn as Pradyumna, the son of Krishna and Rukmini. Rati – under the name of Mayavati – plays a critical role in the upbringing of Pradyumna, who is separated from his parents at birth. She acts as his nanny, as well as his lover, and tells him the way to return to his parents by slaying the demon-king, who is destined to die at his hands. Later, Kama-Pradyumna accepts Rati-Mayavati as his wife. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 23 Rati Rati (Sanskrit: रति, Rati) is the Hindu goddess of love, carnal desire, lust, passion, and sexual pleasure. Usually described as the daughter of Prajapati Daksha, Rati is the female counterpart, the chief consort and the assistant of Kama (Kamadeva), the god of love. A constant companion of Kama, she is often depicted with him in legend and temple sculpture. She also enjoys worship along with Kama. The Hindu scriptures stress Rati's beauty and sensuality. They depict her as a maiden who has the power to enchant the God of Love. When the deity Shiva burns her husband to ashes, it is Rati, whose beseeching or penance, leads to the promise of Kama's resurrection. Often, this resurrection occurs when Kama is reborn as Pradyumna, the son of Krishna and Rukmini. Rati – under the name of Mayavati – plays a critical role in the upbringing of Pradyumna, who is separated from his parents at birth. She acts as his nanny, as well as his lover, and tells him the way to return to his parents by slaying the demon-king, who is destined to die at his hands. Later, Kama-Pradyumna accepts Rati-Mayavati as his wife. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 23</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Rati.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Rati.jpg/220px-Rati.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Rati.jpg/330px-Rati.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Rati.jpg/440px-Rati.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3389" data-file-height="4465" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Rati</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Rati" title="Rati">Rati</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">रति</span>, <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Rati</i></span>) is the <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> <a href="/wiki/Devi" title="Devi">goddess</a> of <a href="/wiki/List_of_love_and_lust_deities" title="List of love and lust deities">love, carnal desire, lust, passion, and sexual pleasure</a>. Usually described as the daughter of <i><a href="/wiki/Prajapati" title="Prajapati">Prajapati</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Daksha" title="Daksha">Daksha</a>, Rati is the female counterpart, the chief consort and the assistant of <a href="/wiki/Kamadeva" title="Kamadeva">Kama</a> (Kamadeva), the god of love. A constant companion of Kama, she is often depicted with him in legend and temple sculpture. She also enjoys worship along with Kama.<br /><br />The Hindu scriptures stress Rati's beauty and sensuality. They depict her as a maiden who has the power to enchant the God of Love. When the deity <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a> burns her husband to ashes, it is Rati, whose beseeching or penance, leads to the promise of Kama's resurrection. Often, this resurrection occurs when Kama is reborn as <a href="/wiki/Pradyumna" title="Pradyumna">Pradyumna</a>, the son of <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rukmini" title="Rukmini">Rukmini</a>. Rati – under the name of <a href="/wiki/Mayavati" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayavati">Mayavati</a> – plays a critical role in the upbringing of Pradyumna, who is separated from his parents at birth. She acts as his nanny, as well as his lover, and tells him the way to return to his parents by slaying the demon-king, who is destined to die at his hands. Later, Kama-Pradyumna accepts Rati-Mayavati as his wife. (<b><a href="/wiki/Rati" title="Rati">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 24 Clockwise from top left: view of Tiruvannamalai with Annamalaiyar Temple towers in the centre and hills in the background, Sri Ramana Ashram entrance, Yogi Ramsuratkumar Ashram, Great Chariot, view of Annamalai Hill from outskirts, Tiruvannamalai at night. Tiruvannamalai (Tamil: Tiruvaṇṇāmalai IPA: ˈtiɾɯʋaɳːaːmalɛi̯, otherwise spelt Thiruvannamalai; Trinomali or Trinomalee on British records) is a city, a spiritual, cultural, economic hub and also the administrative headquarters of Tiruvannamalai District in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The city is home to the renowned Annamalaiyar temple, Annamalai hill, Girivalam and the Karthigai Deepam festival and a prominent pilgrimage destination. Tiruvannamalai has a thriving service sector industry, including retail, resorts and recreation activities. Apart from the service sector, the city is also the hub for many industrial setups including SIDCO, spinning mills and premier educational institutions. The city is administered by the Tiruvanamalai City Municipal Corporation, originally constituted in the year 1886 as Tiruvannamalai Municipality. The city has a good network of roadways and railways connecting it with Chennai (150 km) and Bengaluru (145 km). The Union Ministry of Civil Aviation is considering setting up a new airport at Tiruvannamalai. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 24 Clockwise from top left: view of Tiruvannamalai with Annamalaiyar Temple towers in the centre and hills in the background, Sri Ramana Ashram entrance, Yogi Ramsuratkumar Ashram, Great Chariot, view of Annamalai Hill from outskirts, Tiruvannamalai at night. Tiruvannamalai (Tamil: Tiruvaṇṇāmalai IPA: ˈtiɾɯʋaɳːaːmalɛi̯, otherwise spelt Thiruvannamalai; Trinomali or Trinomalee on British records) is a city, a spiritual, cultural, economic hub and also the administrative headquarters of Tiruvannamalai District in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The city is home to the renowned Annamalaiyar temple, Annamalai hill, Girivalam and the Karthigai Deepam festival and a prominent pilgrimage destination. Tiruvannamalai has a thriving service sector industry, including retail, resorts and recreation activities. Apart from the service sector, the city is also the hub for many industrial setups including SIDCO, spinning mills and premier educational institutions. The city is administered by the Tiruvanamalai City Municipal Corporation, originally constituted in the year 1886 as Tiruvannamalai Municipality. The city has a good network of roadways and railways connecting it with Chennai (150 km) and Bengaluru (145 km). The Union Ministry of Civil Aviation is considering setting up a new airport at Tiruvannamalai. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 24</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"><br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tiruvannamalai_Montage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Tiruvannamalai_Montage.jpg/220px-Tiruvannamalai_Montage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Tiruvannamalai_Montage.jpg/330px-Tiruvannamalai_Montage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Tiruvannamalai_Montage.jpg/440px-Tiruvannamalai_Montage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Clockwise from top left: view of Tiruvannamalai with <a href="/wiki/Annamalaiyar_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Annamalaiyar Temple">Annamalaiyar Temple</a> towers in the centre and hills in the background, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Ramana_Ashram" title="Sri Ramana Ashram">Sri Ramana Ashram</a> entrance, <a href="/wiki/Yogi_Ramsuratkumar" title="Yogi Ramsuratkumar">Yogi Ramsuratkumar Ashram</a>, Great Chariot, view of <a href="/wiki/Annamalai_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Annamalai Hill">Annamalai Hill</a> from outskirts, Tiruvannamalai at night.</div></div></div></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Tiruvannamalai" title="Tiruvannamalai">Tiruvannamalai</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>: <i>Tiruvaṇṇāmalai</i> <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ˈtiɾɯʋaɳːaːmalɛi̯</span>, otherwise spelt <i>Thiruvannamalai</i>; <small><i><b>Trinomali</b></i> or <i><b>Trinomalee</b></i> on British records)</small> is a city, a spiritual, cultural, economic hub and also the administrative headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Tiruvannamalai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiruvannamalai District">Tiruvannamalai District</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian state">Indian state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>. The city is home to the renowned <a href="/wiki/Arunachalesvara_Temple" title="Arunachalesvara Temple"><i>Annamalaiyar temple</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Annamalai_(Hill)" class="mw-redirect" title="Annamalai (Hill)"><i>Annamalai hill</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Girivalam_(religious_practice)" class="mw-redirect" title="Girivalam (religious practice)"><i>Girivalam</i></a> and the <a href="/wiki/Karthika_Deepam" title="Karthika Deepam"><i>Karthigai Deepam</i></a> festival and a prominent pilgrimage destination.<br /><br />Tiruvannamalai has a thriving service sector industry, including retail, resorts and recreation activities. Apart from the service sector, the city is also the hub for many industrial setups including <i><a href="/wiki/Small_Industries_Development_Corporation" title="Small Industries Development Corporation">SIDCO</a></i>, spinning mills and premier educational institutions. The city is administered by the Tiruvanamalai City Municipal Corporation, originally constituted in the year 1886 as Tiruvannamalai Municipality. The city has a good network of roadways and railways connecting it with <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a> (150 km) and <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a> (145 km). The Union Ministry of Civil Aviation is considering setting up a new airport at Tiruvannamalai. (<b><a href="/wiki/Tiruvannamalai" title="Tiruvannamalai">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 25 Dabangg (transl. Fearless) is a 2010 Indian Hindi-language action comedy film directed by Abhinav Singh Kashyap and produced by Malaika Arora and Arbaaz Khan under Arbaaz Khan Productions with Dhilin Mehta under Shree Ashtavinayak Cine Vision. The film stars Salman Khan, Sonakshi Sinha (in her acting debut) Arbaaz Khan and Sonu Sood in the lead roles, while Om Puri, Dimple Kapadia, Vinod Khanna, Anupam Kher, Mahesh Manjrekar and Mahie Gill featuring in supporting roles. The film marks the debut of Arbaaz Khan as a producer and Kashyap as a director. Arora makes a special appearance in the song "Munni Badnaam Hui". Dabangg is set in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It was made with a budget of ₹30 crore and marketed at ₹12 crore. The film was shot primarily in the town of Wai in Maharashtra, while other major scenes were shot in the United Arab Emirates. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 25 Dabangg (transl. Fearless) is a 2010 Indian Hindi-language action comedy film directed by Abhinav Singh Kashyap and produced by Malaika Arora and Arbaaz Khan under Arbaaz Khan Productions with Dhilin Mehta under Shree Ashtavinayak Cine Vision. The film stars Salman Khan, Sonakshi Sinha (in her acting debut) Arbaaz Khan and Sonu Sood in the lead roles, while Om Puri, Dimple Kapadia, Vinod Khanna, Anupam Kher, Mahesh Manjrekar and Mahie Gill featuring in supporting roles. The film marks the debut of Arbaaz Khan as a producer and Kashyap as a director. Arora makes a special appearance in the song "Munni Badnaam Hui". Dabangg is set in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It was made with a budget of ₹30 crore and marketed at ₹12 crore. The film was shot primarily in the town of Wai in Maharashtra, while other major scenes were shot in the United Arab Emirates. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 25</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Dabangg" title="Dabangg">Dabangg</a></b></i> (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> Fearless</span>) is a 2010 Indian <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>-language <a href="/wiki/Action_comedy_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Action comedy film">action comedy film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Abhinav_Kashyap" title="Abhinav Kashyap">Abhinav Singh Kashyap</a> and produced by <a href="/wiki/Malaika_Arora" title="Malaika Arora">Malaika Arora</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arbaaz_Khan" title="Arbaaz Khan">Arbaaz Khan</a> under Arbaaz Khan Productions with <a href="/wiki/Dhilin_Mehta" title="Dhilin Mehta">Dhilin Mehta</a> under <a href="/wiki/Shree_Ashtavinayak_Cine_Vision" title="Shree Ashtavinayak Cine Vision">Shree Ashtavinayak Cine Vision</a>. The film stars <a href="/wiki/Salman_Khan" title="Salman Khan">Salman Khan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sonakshi_Sinha" title="Sonakshi Sinha">Sonakshi Sinha</a> (in her acting debut) Arbaaz Khan and <a href="/wiki/Sonu_Sood" title="Sonu Sood">Sonu Sood</a> in the lead roles, while <a href="/wiki/Om_Puri" title="Om Puri">Om Puri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dimple_Kapadia" title="Dimple Kapadia">Dimple Kapadia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vinod_Khanna" title="Vinod Khanna">Vinod Khanna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anupam_Kher" title="Anupam Kher">Anupam Kher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahesh_Manjrekar" title="Mahesh Manjrekar">Mahesh Manjrekar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mahie_Gill" title="Mahie Gill">Mahie Gill</a> featuring in supporting roles. The film marks the debut of Arbaaz Khan as a producer and Kashyap as a director. Arora makes a special appearance in the song "<a href="/wiki/Munni_Badnaam_Hui" title="Munni Badnaam Hui">Munni Badnaam Hui</a>".<br /><br /><i>Dabangg</i> is set in the <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">Indian state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>. It was made with a budget of <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>30 crore and marketed at <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>12 crore. The film was shot primarily in the town of <a href="/wiki/Wai,_Maharashtra" title="Wai, Maharashtra">Wai</a> in <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>, while other major scenes were shot in the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Dabangg" title="Dabangg">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> </ul></div> <div class="noprint" style="margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:India/Recognized_content#Good_articles" title="Portal:India/Recognized content">More good articles</a></b></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:White;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid transparent;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#008000;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:0px 1px 0;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;padding-bottom:0.1em;moz-border-radius:0.5em 0.5em 0 0;webkit-border-radius:0.5em 0.5em 0 0;border-radius:0.5em 0.5em 0 0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:White;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="News" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:White;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:110%;padding-bottom:.1em">News</h2></div><div style="color:#2e2e2e;opacity:1;border:1px solid #FFBF00;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:0px;padding-top:0.1em;border-radius:0 0 0.5em 0.5em"> <dl><dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">20 November 2024 –</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> billionaire and <a href="/wiki/Adani_Group" title="Adani Group">Adani Group</a> chairman <a href="/wiki/Gautam_Adani" title="Gautam Adani">Gautam Adani</a> is indicted in the <a href="/wiki/U.S." class="mw-redirect" title="U.S.">U.S.</a> for his role in an alleged multi-billion dollar <a href="/wiki/Bribery" title="Bribery">bribery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fraud" title="Fraud">fraud</a> scheme where he and seven others paid <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Indian government</a> officials <a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a>265 million to obtain contracts for <a href="/wiki/Adani_Green_Energy" title="Adani Green Energy">Adani Green Energy</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asiaone.com/world/billionaire-gautam-adani-indias-adani-group-charged-us-bribery-fraud">(AsiaOne)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-11-20/us-prosecutors-indict-gautam-adani-on-bribery-charges">(Bloomberg)</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">13 November 2024 –</span> <b><a href="/wiki/2024_Indo-Pakistani_smog" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Indo-Pakistani smog">2024 Indo-Pakistani smog</a></b></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, reports its 15th consecutive day with a "very poor" recorded <a href="/wiki/Air_quality_index" title="Air quality index">air quality index</a> due to significant <a href="/wiki/Air_pollution_in_Delhi" title="Air pollution in Delhi">air pollution</a> causing zero meter visibility <a href="/wiki/Smog" title="Smog">smog</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/delhi-air-continues-to-be-in-very-poor-category-as-smog-engulfs-capital/article68862292.ece">(<i>The Hindu</i>)</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">13 November 2024 –</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Bulldozer_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulldozer Justice">Bulldozer Justice</a></b></dt> <dd>The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a> rules that it is <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">unconstitutional</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">government</a> to demolish property belonging to people suspected of crimes without a <a href="/wiki/Legal_process" title="Legal process">legal process</a>, a practice common in states ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/sc-bans-bulldozer-justice-calls-it-unconstitutional-drafts-norms/articleshow/115273220.cms">(<i>The Times of India</i>)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/india-supreme-court-bans-bulldozer-justice/a-70771474">(DW)</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">4 November 2024 –</span> <b><a href="/wiki/2024_Almora_bus_accident" title="2024 Almora bus accident">2024 Almora bus accident</a></b></dt> <dd>At least 36 people are killed and 27 others are injured when a bus plunges into a <a href="/wiki/Canyon" title="Canyon">gorge</a> near <a href="/wiki/Marchula" title="Marchula">Marchula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/uttarakhand-bus-plunges-into-gorge-dead-multiple-rescue-operation-9652494/">(<i>The Indian Express</i>)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-11-04/bus-crash-in-india-kills-36-people-in-uttarakhand-himalayas/104560342">(ABC News)</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">3 November 2024 –</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir">Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir</a></b></dt> <dd>At least eleven people are injured in a <a href="/wiki/Grenade" title="Grenade">grenade</a> explosion caused by an unknown militant group in a <a href="/wiki/Flea_market" title="Flea market">flea market</a> in <a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/india/eleven-injured-militant-attack-indias-kashmir-2024-11-03/">(Reuters)</a></dd></dl> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:White;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid transparent;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#008000;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:0px 1px 0;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;padding-bottom:0.1em;moz-border-radius:0.5em 0.5em 0 0;webkit-border-radius:0.5em 0.5em 0 0;border-radius:0.5em 0.5em 0 0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:White;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Did_you_know..." style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:White;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:110%;padding-bottom:.1em">Did you know...</h2></div><div style="color:#2e2e2e;opacity:1;border:1px solid #FFBF00;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:0px;padding-top:0.1em;border-radius:0 0 0.5em 0.5em"> <ul><li>... that <b><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Isobel_Cooper" title="Margaret Isobel Cooper">Margaret Cooper</a></b> wrote that the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Royal_Indian_Naval_Service" title="Women's Royal Indian Naval Service">Women's Royal Indian Naval Service</a> was providing "the experience of a lifetime" to the young women she recruited during the Second World War?</li> <li>... that the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> documentary <i><b><a href="/wiki/India:_The_Modi_Question" title="India: The Modi Question">India: The Modi Question</a></b></i>, which examines the career of Indian prime minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a>, was banned in India?</li> <li>... that in 1927, Native American activist <b><a href="/wiki/Chauncey_Yellow_Robe" title="Chauncey Yellow Robe">Chauncey Yellow Robe</a></b> and the Lakota Sioux tribe "adopted" President <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a> to thank him for supporting the 1924 <a href="/wiki/Indian_Citizenship_Act" title="Indian Citizenship Act">Indian Citizenship Act</a>?</li> <li>... that in 2022 <b><a href="/wiki/Sandhya_Dhar" title="Sandhya Dhar">Sandhya Dhar</a></b> has received both a <a href="/wiki/Nari_Shakti_Puraskar" title="Nari Shakti Puraskar">Nari Shakti Puraskar</a> and a bronze medal in <a href="/wiki/Boccia" title="Boccia">boccia</a> at the Indian national championships?</li> <li>... that the name of the Indian city <b><a href="/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a></b> could be derived from a <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a> word meaning 'town of boiled beans'?</li> <li>... that <b><a href="/wiki/Zakir_Husain" title="Zakir Husain">Zakir Husain</a></b> was the first Muslim and the first <a href="/wiki/Governor_(India)" title="Governor (India)">governor of a state</a> to be elected <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a>?</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div></div></div> <div style="clear:both; width:100%"> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:White;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid transparent;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#008000;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:0px 1px 0;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;padding-bottom:0.1em;moz-border-radius:0.5em 0.5em 0 0;webkit-border-radius:0.5em 0.5em 0 0;border-radius:0.5em 0.5em 0 0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:White;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Topics_related_to_India" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:White;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:110%;padding-bottom:.1em">Topics related to India</h2></div><div style="color:#2e2e2e;opacity:1;border:1px solid #FFBF00;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:0px;padding-top:0.1em;border-radius:0 0 0.5em 0.5em"> <div style="text-align:center;font-size:120%;"><b><a href="/wiki/History_of_India" title="History of India">History</a></b> <hr /></div> <p><small><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Indian_history" title="Timeline of Indian history">Timeline of Indian history</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley Civilisation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dholavira" title="Dholavira">Dholavira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_ancient_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Science and technology in ancient India">Science and technology in ancient India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meluhha" title="Meluhha">Meluhha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aryan_invasion_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Aryan invasion theory">Aryan invasion theory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Out_of_India_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Out of India theory">Out of India theory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_conquests_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek conquests in India">Greek conquests in India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_maritime_history" title="Indian maritime history">Indian maritime history</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shunga_Empire" title="Shunga Empire">Shunga Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hoysala_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoysala Empire">Hoysala Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara" title="Vijayanagara">Vijayanagara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satavahana_dynasty" title="Satavahana dynasty">Satavahana dynasty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek_Kingdom" title="Indo-Greek Kingdom">Indo-Greek Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indo-Scythians" title="Indo-Scythians">Indo-Scythians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indo-Parthian_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Parthian Kingdom">Indo-Parthian Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Satraps" title="Western Satraps">Western Satraps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gupta_Empire" title="Gupta Empire">Gupta Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chola_dynasty" title="Chola dynasty">Chola dynasty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pala_Empire" title="Pala Empire">Pala Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Empires_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Empires in India">Islamic incursions in India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Maratha Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_India" title="Governor-General of India">Governor-General</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viceroy_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroy of India">Viceroy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">War of Independence, 1857</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Army" title="Indian National Army">Indian National Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">Azad Hind</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quit_India_Movement" title="Quit India Movement">Quit India Movement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Republic_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Republic of India">History of Republic of India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947%E2%80%931948" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948">Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">Indo-Pakistani War of 1965</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">Indo-Pakistani War of 1971</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a>, <a href="/wiki/2001%E2%80%9302_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_standoff" class="mw-redirect" title="2001–02 India–Pakistan standoff">2001–02 India–Pakistan standoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_India" title="Military history of India">Military</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_India" title="Demographics of India">Demographic</a></small> </p> <hr /> <div style="text-align:center;font-size:120%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_India" title="Politics of India">Politics</a></b> <hr /></div> <p><small><a href="/wiki/Law_of_India" title="Law of India">Law</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindu_law" title="Hindu law">Hindu law</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_India" title="List of political parties in India">Political parties</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a>), <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_India" title="Foreign relations of India">Foreign relations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_India" title="Elections in India">Elections</a>, <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">Political divisions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reservation_in_India" title="Reservation in India">Reservation in India</a></small> </p> <hr /> <div style="text-align:center;font-size:120%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government</a></b> <hr /></div> <p><small><a href="/wiki/List_of_agencies_of_the_government_of_India" title="List of agencies of the government of India">Government agencies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legislative_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative branch">Legislative branch</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a>) <a href="/wiki/Executive_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive branch">Executive branch</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President</a> & <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Vice President</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a> & <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Deputy Prime Minister of India">Deputy Prime Minister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Cabinet_Ministers" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Cabinet Ministers">Cabinet Ministers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretary_(India)" title="Cabinet Secretary (India)">Cabinet Secretary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_India" title="Election Commission of India">Election Commission</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Foreign_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Foreign Minister">Foreign Minister</a>; <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_India" title="Law enforcement in India">Law enforcement</a>: <a href="/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Central Bureau of Investigation">CBI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Criminal_Investigations_Department#India" class="mw-redirect" title="Criminal Investigations Department">CID</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_intelligence_agencies" title="List of Indian intelligence agencies">Intelligence</a>: <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Bureau_(India)" title="Intelligence Bureau (India)">IB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Research_and_Analysis_Wing" title="Research and Analysis Wing">RAW</a>), <a href="/wiki/Directorate_General_of_Income_Tax_Investigation" title="Directorate General of Income Tax Investigation">Directorate General of Income Tax Investigation</a> <a href="/wiki/Judicial_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial branch">Judicial branch</a> (<a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court</a>), <a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Navy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Air Force</a>, <a href="/wiki/Border_Security_Force" title="Border Security Force">Border Security Force</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Coast_Guard" title="Indian Coast Guard"> Coast Guard</a>)</small> </p> <hr /> <div style="text-align:center;font-size:120%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_India" title="Geography of India">Geography</a></b> <hr /></div> <p><small><a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ghats" title="Eastern Ghats">Eastern Ghats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indo-Gangetic_Plain" title="Indo-Gangetic Plain">Indo-Gangetic Plain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan Plateau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thar_Desert" title="Thar Desert">Thar Desert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rann_of_Kutch" title="Rann of Kutch">Rann of Kutch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brahmaputra_River" title="Brahmaputra River">Brahmaputra River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast India</a>; <a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_India" title="List of mountains in India">Mountains</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_valleys_in_India" title="List of valleys in India">Valleys</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_India" title="List of islands of India">Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_India" title="List of rivers of India">Rivers</a>; <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">States and union territories</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in India">Cities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of India">Districts</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of regions in India">Regions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_India" title="Fauna of India">Fauna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flora_of_India" title="Flora of India">Flora</a></small> </p> <hr /> <div style="text-align:center;font-size:120%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_India" title="Economy of India">Economy</a></b> <hr /></div> <p><small> <a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">Rupee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Stock_Exchange" title="Bombay Stock Exchange">Bombay Stock Exchange</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Stock_Exchange_of_India" title="National Stock Exchange of India">National Stock Exchange</a>, <a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_India" title="Standard of living in India">Standard of living</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_India" title="List of companies of India">Companies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_India" title="Energy policy of India">Energy policy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_India" title="Solar power in India">Solar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_India" title="Wind power in India">Wind</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_India" title="Nuclear power in India">Nuclear</a>), <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_India" title="Tourism in India">Tourism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_India" title="Transport in India">Transport</a> (<a href="/wiki/Expressways_of_India" title="Expressways of India">Expressways</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_India" title="Rail transport in India">Rail transport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auto_rickshaw" title="Auto rickshaw">Auto rickshaw</a>), </small> </p> <hr /> <div style="text-align:center;font-size:120%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_India" title="Demographics of India">Demographics</a></b> <hr /></div> <p><small><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India" title="Languages of India">Languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_India" title="Standard of living in India">Standard of living</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_India" title="Religion in India">Religion</a></small> </p> <hr /> <div style="text-align:center;font-size:120%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Arts_and_entertainment_in_India" title="Arts and entertainment in India">Arts</a> & <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_India" title="Culture of India">Culture</a></b> <hr /></div> <p><small><a href="/wiki/Music_of_India" title="Music of India">Music</a> (<a href="/wiki/Carnatic_music" title="Carnatic music">Carnatic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_classical_music" title="Hindustani classical music">Hindustani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indi-pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Indi-pop">Indi-pop</a>), <a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_dance" title="Indian classical dance">Dance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India" title="Languages of India">Languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_literature" title="Indian literature">Literature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_India" title="Architecture of India">Architecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_India" title="Cinema of India">Film</a> & <a href="/wiki/Television_in_India" title="Television in India">TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Cuisine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_India" title="Public holidays in India">Holidays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_India" title="Folklore of India">Folklore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Education_in_India" title="Education in India">Education</a>, <a href="/wiki/Media_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of India">Media</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_martial_arts" title="Indian martial arts">Indian martial arts</a></small> </p> <hr /> <div style="text-align:center;font-size:120%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_India" title="Science and technology in India">Science & Tech</a></b> <hr /></div> <p><small> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Council_of_Agricultural_Research" title="Indian Council of Agricultural Research">Indian Council of Agricultural Research</a> (ICAR), <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Astrophysics" title="Indian Institute of Astrophysics">Indian Institute of Astrophysics</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Centre_for_Software_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="National Centre for Software Technology">National Centre for Software Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/All_India_Institutes_of_Medical_Sciences" title="All India Institutes of Medical Sciences">AIIMS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Science" title="Indian Institute of Science">IISc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institutes_of_Technology" title="Indian Institutes of Technology">IIT</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institutes of Technology">NIT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birla_Institute_of_Technology_and_Science,_Pilani" class="mw-redirect" title="Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani">BITS-Pilani</a>, <a href="/wiki/INRegistry" title="INRegistry">INRegistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_numbering_system" title="Indian numbering system">Indian numbering system</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Space Research Organisation">Indian Space Research Organisation</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Internet_Exchange_of_India" title="National Internet Exchange of India">National Internet Exchange of India</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Crops_Research_Institute_for_the_Semi-Arid_Tropics" title="International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics">ICRISAT</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Institute_of_Information_Technology,_Hyderabad" title="International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad">International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad</a> </small> </p> <hr /> <div style="text-align:center;font-size:120%;"><b>Other</b> <hr /></div> <p><small> <a href="/wiki/Indian_English" title="Indian English">Indian English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_nationality_law" title="Indian nationality law">Indian nationality law</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_numbering_system" title="Indian numbering system">Numbering system</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Space Research Organisation">Indian Space Research Organisation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_India" title="Telecommunications in India">Telecommunications</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Highways_Development_Project" title="National Highways Development Project">National Highways Development Project</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_India" title="Flag of India">Flag</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_India" title="Vehicle registration plates of India">Vehicle registration plates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_nationalism" title="Indian nationalism">Indian nationalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metrication_in_India" title="Metrication in India">Metrication in India</a></small> </p> <div class="noprint" style="margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; text-align:right;"><b><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/OOjs_UI_icon_link-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_link-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/OOjs_UI_icon_link-ltr-progressive.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_link-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:White;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Related_portals" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:White;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:110%;padding-bottom:.1em">Related portals</h2></div><div style="color:#2e2e2e;opacity:1;border:1px solid #FFBF00;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:0px;padding-top:0.1em;border-radius:0 0 0.5em 0.5em"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 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.navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-unbordered portal-bar-related" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><ul class="portal-bar-content portal-bar-content-related"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/25px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/38px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/50px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_countries-vector.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/P_countries-vector.svg/27px-P_countries-vector.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/P_countries-vector.svg/41px-P_countries-vector.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/P_countries-vector.svg/54px-P_countries-vector.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Country" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Country">Country</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/25px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/50px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/British_Empire_1897.jpg/27px-British_Empire_1897.jpg" decoding="async" width="27" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/British_Empire_1897.jpg/41px-British_Empire_1897.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/British_Empire_1897.jpg/54px-British_Empire_1897.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1116" data-file-height="849" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:British_Empire" title="Portal:British Empire">British Empire</a></li></ul></div> <hr /> <p><b>Religions in India</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1130092004"><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-unbordered portal-bar-related" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><ul class="portal-bar-content portal-bar-content-related"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aum_Om_red.svg/24px-Aum_Om_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aum_Om_red.svg/37px-Aum_Om_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aum_Om_red.svg/48px-Aum_Om_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hinduism" title="Portal:Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/24px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/36px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/48px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/27px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/41px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/54px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Khanda_emblem.svg/21px-Khanda_emblem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Khanda_emblem.svg/32px-Khanda_emblem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Khanda_emblem.svg/42px-Khanda_emblem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="606" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Sikhism" title="Portal:Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li></ul></div> <hr /> <p><b>Indian Subcontinent</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1130092004"><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-unbordered portal-bar-related" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><ul class="portal-bar-content portal-bar-content-related"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/27px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/41px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/54px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bangladesh" title="Portal:Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/27px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/41px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/54px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Maldives" title="Portal:Maldives">Maldives</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/20px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/31px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/41px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Nepal" title="Portal:Nepal">Nepal</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/27px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/41px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/54px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Pakistan" title="Portal:Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/27px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/41px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/54px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Sri_Lanka" title="Portal:Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul></div> <hr /> <p><b>Other countries</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1130092004"><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-unbordered portal-bar-related" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><ul class="portal-bar-content portal-bar-content-related"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/27px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/41px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/54px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:USA" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:USA">USA</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/27px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/41px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/54px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cambodia" title="Portal:Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/27px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/41px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/54px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/27px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/41px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/54px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Indonesia" title="Portal:Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/27px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/41px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/54px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Iran" title="Portal:Iran">Iran</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/27px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/41px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/54px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Laos" title="Portal:Laos">Laos</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/27px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/41px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/54px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Malaysia" title="Portal:Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/27px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/41px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/54px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Myanmar" title="Portal:Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/27px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/41px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/54px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Singapore" title="Portal:Singapore">Singapore</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/27px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/41px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/54px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Tajikistan" title="Portal:Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/27px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/41px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/54px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Thailand" title="Portal:Thailand">Thailand</a></li></ul></div> <hr /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1130092004"><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-unbordered portal-bar-related" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><ul class="portal-bar-content portal-bar-content-related"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bangalore_Palace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Bangalore_Palace.jpg/27px-Bangalore_Palace.jpg" decoding="async" width="27" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Bangalore_Palace.jpg/41px-Bangalore_Palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Bangalore_Palace.jpg/54px-Bangalore_Palace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="460" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bangalore" title="Portal:Bangalore">Bangalore</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charminar_Hyderabad_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Charminar_Hyderabad_1.jpg/18px-Charminar_Hyderabad_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Charminar_Hyderabad_1.jpg/27px-Charminar_Hyderabad_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Charminar_Hyderabad_1.jpg/35px-Charminar_Hyderabad_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2174" data-file-height="3071" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hyderabad" title="Portal:Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="image" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Golden_Temple_%28Harmandir_Sahib%29_in_Amritsar%2C_India.jpg/27px-Golden_Temple_%28Harmandir_Sahib%29_in_Amritsar%2C_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Golden_Temple_%28Harmandir_Sahib%29_in_Amritsar%2C_India.jpg/41px-Golden_Temple_%28Harmandir_Sahib%29_in_Amritsar%2C_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Golden_Temple_%28Harmandir_Sahib%29_in_Amritsar%2C_India.jpg/54px-Golden_Temple_%28Harmandir_Sahib%29_in_Amritsar%2C_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1450" data-file-height="964" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Punjab" title="Portal:Punjab">Punjab</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/25px-COL-city_icon.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/38px-COL-city_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/50px-COL-city_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cities" title="Portal:Cities">Cities</a></li></ul></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:White;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid transparent;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#008000;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:0px 1px 0;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;padding-bottom:0.1em;moz-border-radius:0.5em 0.5em 0 0;webkit-border-radius:0.5em 0.5em 0 0;border-radius:0.5em 0.5em 0 0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:White;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Wikipedias_in_Indian_languages" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:White;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:110%;padding-bottom:.1em">Wikipedias in Indian languages</h2></div><div style="color:#2e2e2e;opacity:1;border:1px solid #FFBF00;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:0px;padding-top:0.1em;border-radius:0 0 0.5em 0.5em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;"><ul><li><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="as:">অসমীয়া</a> (Assamese)</li><li><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="bn:">বাংলা</a> (Bengali)</li><li><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="bh:">भोजपुरी</a> (Bhojpuri)</li><li><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="bpy:">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a> (Bishnupriya Manipuri)</li><li><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="gom:">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a> (Konkani)</li><li><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="gu:">ગુજરાતી</a> (Gujarati)</li><li><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="hi:">हिन्दी</a> (Hindi)</li><li><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="kn:">ಕನ್ನಡ</a> (Kannada)</li><li><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ks:">कॉशुर/كشميري</a> (Kashmiri)</li><li><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="mai:">मैथिली</a> (Maithili)</li><li><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ml:">മലയാളം</a> (Malayalam)</li><li><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="mr:">मराठी</a> (Marathi)</li><li><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ne:">नेपाली</a> (Nepali)</li><li><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="new:">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li>(Newari)</li><li><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="or:">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a> (Odiya)</li><li><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="pa:">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a> (Punjabi)</li><li><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="pi:">पालि</a> (Pali)</li><li><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="sa:">संस्कृत</a> (Sanskrit)</li><li><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="sat:">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a> (Santali)</li><li><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="sd:">سنڌي</a> (Sindhi)</li><li><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ta:">தமிழ்</a> (Tamil)</li><li><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="te:">తెలుగు</a> (Telugu)</li><li><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="tcy:">ತುಳು</a> (Tulu)</li><li><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ur:">اردو</a> (Urdu)</li></ul></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:White;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid transparent;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#008000;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:0px 1px 0;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;padding-bottom:0.1em;moz-border-radius:0.5em 0.5em 0 0;webkit-border-radius:0.5em 0.5em 0 0;border-radius:0.5em 0.5em 0 0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:White;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Associated_Wikimedia" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:White;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:110%;padding-bottom:.1em">Associated Wikimedia</h2></div><div style="color:#2e2e2e;opacity:1;border:1px solid #FFBF00;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#ffffff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:0px;padding-top:0.1em;border-radius:0 0 0.5em 0.5em"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239335380">.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li span{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px 4px}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{text-align:center}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}}@media(min-width:360px){.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{width:33%;min-width:20em;white-space:nowrap;flex:1 0 25%}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{min-width:50px}}</style> <p>The following <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a> sister projects provide more on this subject: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul id="sister-projects-list"> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:India"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/47px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/62px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:India" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Category:India">Commons</a></span><br />Free media repository</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/India"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/35px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/53px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/70px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/India" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/India">Wikibooks</a></span><br />Free textbooks and manuals</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/India"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/47px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/71px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/94px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/India" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Special:Search/India">Wikidata</a></span><br />Free knowledge base</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/India"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/51px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/77px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/102px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/India" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Special:Search/India">Wikinews</a></span><br />Free-content news</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/India"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/53px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/70px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/India" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/India">Wikiquote</a></span><br />Collection of quotations</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/India"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/35px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/53px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/70px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/India" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/India">Wikisource</a></span><br />Free-content library</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/India"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="41" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/62px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/82px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/India" class="extiw" title="wikiversity:Special:Search/India">Wikiversity</a></span><br />Free learning tools</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Special:Search/India"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/35px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/53px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/70px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Special:Search/India" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Special:Search/India">Wikivoyage</a></span><br />Free travel guide</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/India"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/35px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/53px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/70px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/India" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/India">Wiktionary</a></span><br />Dictionary and thesaurus</div> </li> </ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239335380"> <div class="smallcaps" style="font-variant:small-caps;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Discover Wikipedia using <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">portals</a></b></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul id="sister-projects-list"> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/35px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/53px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/70px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">List of all portals</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/35px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/53px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/70px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:The_arts" title="Portal:The arts">The arts portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/35px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/53px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/70px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/35px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/53px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/70px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Portal:Current events">Current events portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="globe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/35px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/53px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/70px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/35px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/53px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/70px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="square root of x" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/35px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/53px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/70px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mathematics" title="Portal:Mathematics">Mathematics portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/35px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/53px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/70px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Science" title="Portal:Science">Science portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/35px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/53px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/70px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Noun-technology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/35px-Noun-technology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/53px-Noun-technology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/70px-Noun-technology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="88" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Technology" title="Portal:Technology">Technology portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Random_font_awesome.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Random_font_awesome.svg/35px-Random_font_awesome.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Random_font_awesome.svg/53px-Random_font_awesome.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Random_font_awesome.svg/70px-Random_font_awesome.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomInCategory/All_portals" title="Special:RandomInCategory/All portals">Random portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/35px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="31" class="mw-file-element" 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