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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fujoshi" title="Fujoshi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fujoshi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fujoshi" title="Fujoshi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fujoshi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%80%EB%85%80%EC%9E%90_(%EB%8F%99%EC%9D%B8)" title="부녀자 (동인) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="부녀자 (동인)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fujoshi" title="Fujoshi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fujoshi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaoi_fandom" title="Yaoi fandom – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Yaoi fandom" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%90%E5%A5%B3%E5%AD%90" title="腐女子 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="腐女子" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fandom_de_yaoi" title="Fandom de yaoi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fandom de yaoi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fujoshi" title="Fujoshi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Fujoshi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%90%E5%A5%B3" title="腐女 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="腐女" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%90%E5%A5%B3" title="腐女 – 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaoi_fandom&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaoi fandom">Yaoi fandom</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Fanbase of the homoerotic fiction genre</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yaoicon_cosplayers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Yaoicon_cosplayers.jpg/290px-Yaoicon_cosplayers.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Yaoicon_cosplayers.jpg/435px-Yaoicon_cosplayers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Yaoicon_cosplayers.jpg/580px-Yaoicon_cosplayers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>Two <a href="/wiki/Cosplay" title="Cosplay">cosplayers</a> dressed as <a href="/wiki/Roxas_(Kingdom_Hearts)" title="Roxas (Kingdom Hearts)">Roxas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sora_(Kingdom_Hearts)" title="Sora (Kingdom Hearts)">Sora</a> from <i><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts" title="Kingdom Hearts">Kingdom Hearts</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Yaoi-Con" title="Yaoi-Con">Yaoi-Con</a> in 2008</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Boys%27_love" title="Boys' love">Boys' love</a> (BL), a genre of male-male <a href="/wiki/Homoerotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Homoerotic">homoerotic</a> media originating in Japan that is created primarily by and for women, has a robust global <a href="/wiki/Fandom" title="Fandom">fandom</a>. Individuals in the BL fandom may attend conventions, maintain/post to <a href="/wiki/Fansite" title="Fansite">fansites</a>, create <a href="/wiki/Fan_fiction" title="Fan fiction">fanfiction</a>/<a href="/wiki/Fan_art" title="Fan art">fanart</a>, etc. In the mid-1990s, estimates of the size of the Japanese BL fandom were at 100,000 to 500,000 people. Despite increased knowledge of the genre among the general public, readership remained limited in 2008. </p><p>In Japan, fans of BL are referred to as <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">fujoshi</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">腐女子</span></span>)</span>. Translating literally to "rotten woman" or "rotten girl", the term originated as a pejorative for fans of the genre, but was later <a href="/wiki/Reappropriation" title="Reappropriation">reappropriated</a> by BL fans as a self-deprecating identity label. The term <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">fudanshi</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">腐男子</span></span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> "rotten boy")</span> later emerged to describe male fans of BL. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boys%27_love_fandom&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most BL fans are either teenage girls or young women. The female readership in Thailand is estimated at 80%,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the membership of <a href="/wiki/Yaoi-Con" title="Yaoi-Con">Yaoi-Con</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Anime_convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Anime convention">convention</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, is 85% female.<sup id="cite_ref-mon_amour_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mon_amour-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is usually assumed that all female fans are heterosexual, but in Japan there is a presence of lesbian manga authors<sup id="cite_ref-Yaoi_Debate_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yaoi_Debate-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and lesbian, bisexual, other or <a href="/wiki/Questioning_(sexuality_and_gender)" title="Questioning (sexuality and gender)">questioning</a> female readers.<sup id="cite_ref-Bent_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bent-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recent online surveys of English-speaking readers of BL indicate that 50-60% of female readers self-identify as heterosexual.<sup id="cite_ref-Levi_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Levi-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pagliassotti_BL_West_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pagliassotti_BL_West-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been suggested that Western fans may be more diverse in their <a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">sexual orientation</a> than Japanese fans and that Western fans are "more likely to link" BL ("Boy's Love") to supporting <a href="/wiki/LGBT_social_movements" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT social movements">gay rights</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pagliassotti_BL_West_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pagliassotti_BL_West-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much like the BL readership base, the majority of BL fanfiction writers are also believed to be heterosexual women. The reasoning behind this trend is sometimes attributed to patriarchy- that women who write BL fanfiction are in fact acting out heterosexual fantasies through these male figures.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the genre is marketed at women and girls, <a href="/wiki/Gay" title="Gay">gay</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Levi_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Levi-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bonking_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bonking-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bisexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Bisexual">bisexual</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Levi_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Levi-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Yoo_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yoo-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and even heterosexual men<sup id="cite_ref-mon_amour_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mon_amour-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-modern_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-modern-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also form part of the readership. In one library-based survey of U.S. yaoi fans, about one quarter of respondents were male;<sup id="cite_ref-Brenner_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brenner-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> online surveys of Anglophone readers place this percentage at about 10%.<sup id="cite_ref-Levi_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Levi-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pagliassotti_BL_West_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pagliassotti_BL_West-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lunsing suggests that younger Japanese <a href="/wiki/Gay_men" title="Gay men">gay men</a> who are offended by gay men's magazines' "pornographic" content may prefer to read yaoi instead.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That is not to say that the majority of homosexual men are fans of the genre, as some are put off by the feminine art style or unrealistic depictions of homosexual life and instead seek "<a href="/wiki/Bara_(genre)" title="Bara (genre)">Gei comi</a>" (Gay comics), manga written by and for homosexual men,<sup id="cite_ref-Yaoi_Debate_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yaoi_Debate-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as gei comi is perceived to be more realistic.<sup id="cite_ref-pedagogy_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pedagogy-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lunsing notes that some of the narrative annoyances that homosexual men express about yaoi manga, such as rape, misogyny, and an absence of a Western-style gay identity, are also present in gei comi.<sup id="cite_ref-Yaoi_Debate_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yaoi_Debate-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some male manga artists have produced yaoi works, using their successes in yaoi to then go on to publish gei comi.<sup id="cite_ref-Yaoi_Debate_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yaoi_Debate-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Authors of BL present themselves as "fellow fans" by using dust jacket notes and postscripts to chat to the readers "as if they were her girlfriends" and talk about the creative process in making the manga, and what she discovered she liked about the story she wrote.<sup id="cite_ref-Mizoguchi2010_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mizoguchi2010-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Numbers">Numbers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boys%27_love_fandom&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Numbers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the mid-1990s, estimates of the size of the Japanese yaoi fandom were at 100,000-500,000 people;<sup id="cite_ref-Yaoi_Debate_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yaoi_Debate-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at around that time, the long-running yaoi anthology <i><a href="/wiki/June_(manga_magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="June (manga magazine)">June</a></i> had a circulation of between 80,000 and 100,000, twice the circulation of the "best-selling" gay lifestyle magazine <i><a href="/wiki/Badi_(magazine)" title="Badi (magazine)">Badi</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-McLelland_BL_websites_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McLelland_BL_websites-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most Western yaoi fansites "appeared some years later than pages and lists devoted to mainstream anime and manga". As of 1995, they "revolved around the most famous series", such as <i><a href="/wiki/Ai_no_Kusabi" title="Ai no Kusabi">Ai no Kusabi</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Zetsuai_1989" title="Zetsuai 1989">Zetsuai 1989</a></i>; and by the late 1990s, English-speaking websites mentioning yaoi "reached the hundreds".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2003, on Japanese-language internet sites, there were roughly equal proportions of sites dedicated to yaoi as there were sites by and for gay men about homosexuality.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 16 November 2003 there were 770,000 yaoi websites.<sup id="cite_ref-yaoi_redrawing_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yaoi_redrawing-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of April 2005, a search for non-Japanese sites resulted in 785,000 English, 49,000 Spanish, 22,400 Korean, 11,900 Italian and 6,900 Chinese sites.<sup id="cite_ref-WorldofYaoi_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WorldofYaoi-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2007, there were approximately five million hits for 'yaoi'.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hisako Miyoshi, the Vice Editor-in-Chief for <a href="/wiki/Libre_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Libre Publishing">Libre Publishing</a>'s manga division, said in a 2008 interview that although Boys Love is more well known to the general public, the numbers of readers remains limited, which she attributes to the codified nature of the genre.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Events">Events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boys%27_love_fandom&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Aikon<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>FujoCon<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Yaoi-Con (till 2017)<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Yaoi Expo<sup id="cite_ref-:0_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>BLush (till 2012, Lights Out)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Y/Con<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Yaoithon<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Yaoi North<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>OOPS-Sommer Fest<sup id="cite_ref-:0_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>FujoshiCon<sup id="cite_ref-:0_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Doki Doki City<sup id="cite_ref-:0_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>La Mole<sup id="cite_ref-:0_27-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Fufu Fest<sup id="cite_ref-:0_27-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fan_preferences">Fan preferences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boys%27_love_fandom&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Fan preferences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thorn noted that while some fans like both equally, fans tend to either prefer BL or non-BL <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Djo_manga" title="Shōjo manga">shōjo manga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Confused_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Confused-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Suzuki noted BL fans have a preference for BL over other forms of pornography, for example, heterosexual love stories in ladies' comics.<sup id="cite_ref-Suzuki_245_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suzuki_245-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jessica Bawens-Sugimoto feels that in general, "slash and yaoi fans are dismissive of mainstream hetero-sexual romance", such as "the notorious pulp Harlequin romances".<sup id="cite_ref-Bawens-Sugimoto_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bawens-Sugimoto-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deborah Shamoon said that "the borders between yaoi, shōjo manga and ladies' comics are quite permeable", suggesting that fans of BL probably enjoyed both homosexual and heterosexual tales.<sup id="cite_ref-Shamoon_p.86_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shamoon_p.86-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kazuma_Kodaka" title="Kazuma Kodaka">Kazuma Kodaka</a>, in an interview with <i><a href="/wiki/Giant_Robot_(magazine)" title="Giant Robot (magazine)">Giant Robot</a></i> suggested that the Japanese yaoi fandom includes married women who had been her fans since they were in college.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dru Pagliassotti's survey indicates that loyalty to an author is a common factor in readers' purchase decisions.<sup id="cite_ref-Pagliassotti_BL_West_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pagliassotti_BL_West-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dka_Nitta" class="mw-redirect" title="Yōka Nitta">Yōka Nitta</a> has noted a split in what her readers want - her younger readers prefer seeing explicit material, and her older readers prefer seeing romance.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a perception that the English-speaking yaoi fandom is demanding increasingly explicit content,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but that this poses problems for retailers.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2004, ICv2 noted that fans seemed to prefer buying yaoi online.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Andrea Wood suggests that due to restrictions placed on the sale of yaoi, many Western teenage fans seek more explicit titles via <a href="/wiki/Scanlation" title="Scanlation">scanlations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wood-06_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wood-06-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dru_Pagliassotti" title="Dru Pagliassotti">Dru Pagliassotti</a> notes that the majority of respondents to her survey say that they first encountered BL online, which she links to half of her respondents reporting that they get most of their BL from scanlations.<sup id="cite_ref-Pagliassotti_BL_West_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pagliassotti_BL_West-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2003, there were at least five BL scanlation groups.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japanese fan practices in the mid to late 2000s included the concept of the feeling of <i><a href="/wiki/Moe_(slang)" title="Moe (slang)">moe</a></i>, which was typically used by male <a href="/wiki/Otaku" title="Otaku">otaku</a> about young female characters prior to this.<sup id="cite_ref-Galbraith_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Galbraith-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Robin Brenner and Snow Wildsmith noted in their survey of American fans that gay and bisexual male fans of yaoi preferred more realistic tales than female fans did.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shihomi Sakakibara (1998) argued that yaoi fans, including himself, were homosexually oriented female-to-male transgender people.<sup id="cite_ref-Sakakibara_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sakakibara-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Akiko Mizoguchi believes there is a "shikou" (translated as taste or orientation), both towards BL/yaoi as a whole, and towards particular patterns within the genre, such as a "feisty bottom (yancha uke)" character type. Her study shows that fans believe that in order to be "serious" fans, they should know their own preferences, and "consider themselves a sort of sexual minority". She argues that the exchange of sexual fantasies between the predominantly female yaoi fandom can be interpreted that although the participants may be heterosexual in real life, they can also and compatibly be considered "virtual lesbians".<sup id="cite_ref-Mizoguchi2010_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mizoguchi2010-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Patrick Galbraith suggests that androgynous <a href="/wiki/Bishonen" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishonen">beautiful boys</a> contribute to the appeal of yaoi amongst women who are heterosexual, lesbian or transgender.<sup id="cite_ref-Galbraith_11_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Galbraith_11-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The small Taiwanese BL fandom has been noted to be against real-person BL fanfiction, banning it from their messageboard.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fujoshi_and_fudanshi"><i>Fujoshi</i> and <i>fudanshi</i><span class="anchor" id="Fujoshi_and_Fudanshi"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boys%27_love_fandom&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Fujoshi and fudanshi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Fujoshi</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">腐女子</span></span>, lit. "rotten girl")</span> is a Japanese term for female fans of <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">manga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> and <a href="/wiki/Novel" title="Novel">novels</a> that feature romantic relationships between men. The label encompasses fans of the <a href="/wiki/Yaoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaoi">yaoi</a> genre itself, as well as the related manga, anime and <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video game</a> properties that have appeared as the market for such works has developed. The term "fujoshi" is a <a href="/wiki/Homophone" title="Homophone">homophonous</a> pun on <i>fujoshi</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">婦女子</span></span>)</span>, a term for respectable women, created by replacing the character <i>fu</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">婦</span></span>)</span> meaning married woman, with the character <i>fu</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">腐</span></span>)</span> meaning fermented or rotten, indicating that a woman who enjoys fictional gay content is ruined for marriage. The name was coined by <a href="/wiki/2channel" title="2channel">2channel</a> in the early 2000s as a derogatory insult,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but was later <a href="/wiki/Reappropriation" title="Reappropriation">reclaimed</a> as a self-descriptive term. "Fujoshi" carried a connotation of being a "<a href="/wiki/Fallen_woman" title="Fallen woman">fallen woman</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An issue of <i>Yureka</i> which examined fujoshi in detail in 2007 contributed to the spread of the term.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Older fujoshi use various terms to refer to themselves, including as <i>kifujin</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">貴腐人</span></span>, "noble spoiled woman")</span>, a pun on a homophonous word meaning "fine lady", and <i>ochōfujin</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">汚超腐人</span></span>)</span>, which sounds similar to a phrase meaning "<a href="/wiki/Madame_Butterfly" class="mw-redirect" title="Madame Butterfly">Madame Butterfly</a>", possibly taken from a character nicknamed <i>Ochōfujin</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">お蝶夫人</span></span>)</span> in the 1972 manga series <i><a href="/wiki/Ace_o_Nerae!" class="mw-redirect" title="Ace o Nerae!">Ace o Nerae!</a></i> by Sumika Yamamoto.<sup id="cite_ref-bangin_classification_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bangin_classification-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a 2005 issue of <i>Eureka</i>, in recent times <i>fujoshi</i> can refer to female <a href="/wiki/Otaku" title="Otaku">otaku</a> in general, although it cautions that not all yaoi fans are otaku, as there are some more casual readers.<sup id="cite_ref-Aoyama_Eureka_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aoyama_Eureka-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As <i>fujoshi</i> is the best-known term, it is often used by the Japanese media and by people outside of the otaku subculture to refer to female otaku as a group, regardless of whether they are fans of yaoi or not. This usage may be considered offensive by female otaku who are not yaoi fans.<sup id="cite_ref-bangin_classification_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bangin_classification-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Men who, like fujoshi, enjoy imagining relationships between characters (especially male ones) in fictional works when that relationship is not part of the author's intent may be called <i>fudanshi</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">腐男子</span></span>, "rotten boy")</span> or <i>fukei</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">腐兄</span></span>, "rotten older brother")</span>, both of which are puns of similar construction to <i>fujoshi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bara manga author <a href="/wiki/Gengoroh_Tagame" title="Gengoroh Tagame">Gengoroh Tagame</a> has said that men may choose a fudanshi label because it is more socially acceptable than coming out as gay.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the sexual orientation of fudanshi is not necessarily gay, as heterosexuals also enjoy reading BL.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around 2020, fans began adopting the term "shipper" from English-speaking fandoms for its versatility, as it could be used for fan-preferred pairings of different genders.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_characters">As characters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boys%27_love_fandom&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: As characters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">Fujoshi</i></span> and <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">fudanshi</i></span> are used as characters in mostly <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Otaku" title="Otaku">otaku</a></i></span>-themed anime and manga, particularly those aimed at women. Popular titles include <i><a href="/wiki/Tonari_no_801-chan" title="Tonari no 801-chan">Tonari no 801-chan</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/My_Girlfriend%27s_a_Geek" title="My Girlfriend's a Geek">My Girlfriend's a Geek</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Kiss_Him,_Not_Me" title="Kiss Him, Not Me">Kiss Him, Not Me</a>,</i> <i><a href="/wiki/The_High_School_Life_of_a_Fudanshi" title="The High School Life of a Fudanshi">The High School Life of a Fudanshi</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Sasaki_and_Miyano" title="Sasaki and Miyano">Sasaki and Miyano</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Galbraith_11_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Galbraith_11-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, <i><a href="/wiki/BL_Metamorphosis" title="BL Metamorphosis">BL Metamorphosis</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Princess_Jellyfish" title="Princess Jellyfish">Princess Jellyfish</a></i>, which both contained <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">fujoshi</i></span> characters and were aimed at a female audience, were praised for their female-centric view on the <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">fujoshi</i></span> subculture.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A TV series featuring a policewoman who is a <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">fujoshi</i></span>, <i>Fujoshi Deka</i>, has been broadcast.<sup id="cite_ref-Nagaike_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nagaike-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Yaoi_and_slash"><i>Yaoi</i> and slash</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boys%27_love_fandom&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Yaoi and slash"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Besides commercially published original material, Japanese yaoi also encompasses fan-made <a href="/wiki/D%C5%8Djinshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dōjinshi">dōjinshi</a>, fanart, computer games, etc.; a large percentage of the dōjinshi offered at <a href="/wiki/Comiket" title="Comiket">Comiket</a> are yaoi stories based on popular <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">manga</a> series.<sup id="cite_ref-out_of_hand_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-out_of_hand-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This may be seen as a parallel development to <a href="/wiki/Slash_fiction" title="Slash fiction">slash fiction</a> in the West. Although <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Djo_manga" title="Shōjo manga">shōjo manga</a> stories featuring romances between boys or young men were commercially published in Japan from the mid-1970s, and soon became a genre in their own right, the spread of yaoi though the Western fan community is generally linked to the pre-existing Western slash fiction community. In the mid-1980s, fan translations of the shōjo manga series <i><a href="/wiki/From_Eroica_with_Love" title="From Eroica with Love">From Eroica with Love</a></i> began to circulate through the slash community via <a href="/wiki/Amateur_press_association" title="Amateur press association">amateur press associations</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-out_of_hand_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-out_of_hand-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sequential_Tart_Translations_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sequential_Tart_Translations-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> creating a "tenuous link" between slash and yaoi.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the English-speaking online yaoi fandom is observed to increasingly overlap with online slash fandom,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> slash fiction has portrayed adult men, whereas yaoi follows the aesthetic of the beautiful boy, often highlighting their youth. Mark McLelland describes this aesthetic as being seen as problematic in recent <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WorldofYaoi_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WorldofYaoi-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yaoi fans tend to be younger than slash fans, and so are less shocked about depictions of underage sexuality.<sup id="cite_ref-McLelland_BL_websites_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McLelland_BL_websites-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jessica Bauwens-Sugimoto detects a tendency in both yaoi and slash fandoms to disparage the others' <a href="/wiki/Heteronormativity" title="Heteronormativity">heteronormativity</a>, potential for subversiveness or even the potential for enjoyment.<sup id="cite_ref-Bawens-Sugimoto_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bawens-Sugimoto-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boys%27_love_fandom&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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href="/w/index.php?title=Boys%27_love_fandom&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKeenapan2001" class="citation news cs1">Keenapan, Nattha (2001-08-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefreelibrary.com/FEATURE%3A+Japanese+%27boy-love%27+comics+a+hit+among+Thais.-a078783534">"Japanese "boy-love" comics a hit among Thais"</a>. <i>Japan Today</i>.</cite><span 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mon amour: forget Pokémon—Japanese animation explodes with gay, lesbian, and trans themes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Advocate_(LGBT_magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Advocate (LGBT magazine)">The Advocate</a></i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">86–</span>88<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Advocate&rft.atitle=Anime%2C+mon+amour%3A+forget+Pok%C3%A9mon%E2%80%94Japanese+animation+explodes+with+gay%2C+lesbian%2C+and+trans+themes&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E86-%3C%2Fspan%3E88&rft.date=2003-10-14&rft.aulast=Solomon&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_RGUEAAAAMBAJ%2Fpage%2Fn87%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoys%27+love+fandom" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Anime,+mon+amour:+forget+Pokemon--Japanese+animation+explodes+with...-a0110809191">Alt URL</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yaoi_Debate-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yaoi_Debate_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yaoi_Debate_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yaoi_Debate_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yaoi_Debate_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yaoi_Debate_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://intersections.anu.edu.au/issue12/lunsing.html">"Intersections: Yaoi Ronsō: Discussing Depictions of Male Homosexuality in Japanese Girls' Comics, Gay Comics and Gay Pornography"</a>. <i>intersections.anu.edu.au</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Beautiful, Borrowed, and Bent: "Boys' Love" as Girls' Love in Shôjo Manga". <i>Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society</i>. <b>31</b> (3): 3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F498987">10.1086/498987</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144888475">144888475</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Signs%3A+Journal+of+Women+in+Culture+and+Society&rft.atitle=Beautiful%2C+Borrowed%2C+and+Bent%3A+%22Boys%27+Love%22+as+Girls%27+Love+in+Sh%C3%B4jo+Manga&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=3&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F498987&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144888475%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Welker&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoys%27+love+fandom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Levi-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Levi_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Levi_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Levi_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Levi_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAntonia2008" class="citation book cs1">Antonia, Levi (2008). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+American+Culture&rft.atitle=Slashing+the+Romance+Narrative&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E371-%3C%2Fspan%3E384&rft.date=2003-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1542-734X.00098&rft.aulast=Kustritz&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asu.edu%2Fcourses%2Ffms351vm%2Ftotal-readings%2Ffms351-L14-reading01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoys%27+love+fandom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bonking-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bonking_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLelland" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">McLelland, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080415173709/http://blogs.arts.unimelb.edu.au/refractory/2006/12/04/why-are-japanese-girls%E2%80%99-comics-full-of-boys-bonking1-mark-mclelland/">"Why are Japanese Girls' Comics full of Boys Bonking?"</a>. <i>Refractory: A Journal of Entertainment Media</i>. 10, 2006/2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.arts.unimelb.edu.au/refractory/2006/12/04/why-are-japanese-girls%E2%80%99-comics-full-of-boys-bonking1-mark-mclelland">the original</a> on 2008-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Refractory%3A+A+Journal+of+Entertainment+Media&rft.atitle=Why+are+Japanese+Girls%27+Comics+full+of+Boys+Bonking%3F&rft.volume=10%2C+2006%2F2007&rft.aulast=McLelland&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.arts.unimelb.edu.au%2Frefractory%2F2006%2F12%2F04%2Fwhy-are-japanese-girls%25E2%2580%2599-comics-full-of-boys-bonking1-mark-mclelland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoys%27+love+fandom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yoo-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Yoo_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apha.confex.com/apha/130am/techprogram/paper_42542.htm">"Online discussions on Yaoi: Gay relationships, sexual violence, and female fantasy"</a>. <i>apha.confex.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=apha.confex.com&rft.atitle=Online+discussions+on+Yaoi%3A+Gay+relationships%2C+sexual+violence%2C+and+female+fantasy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapha.confex.com%2Fapha%2F130am%2Ftechprogram%2Fpaper_42542.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoys%27+love+fandom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoon2007" class="citation journal cs1">Boon, Miriam (24 May 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080315223544/http://www.xtra.ca/public/viewstory.aspx?AFF_TYPE=3&STORY_ID=3062&PUB_TEMPLATE_ID=2">"Anime North's bent offerings"</a>. <i>Xtra!</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xtra%21&rft.atitle=Anime+North%27s+bent+offerings&rft.date=2007-05-24&rft.aulast=Boon&rft.aufirst=Miriam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xtra.ca%2Fpublic%2Fviewstory.aspx%3FAFF_TYPE%3D3%26STORY_ID%3D3062%26PUB_TEMPLATE_ID%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoys%27+love+fandom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-modern-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-modern_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLelland2000" class="citation book cs1">McLelland, Mark (2000). <i>Male homosexuality in modern Japan</i>. Routledge. p. 249, note 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7007-1300-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7007-1300-X"><bdi>0-7007-1300-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Male+homosexuality+in+modern+Japan&rft.pages=249%2C+note+18&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7007-1300-X&rft.aulast=McLelland&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoys%27+love+fandom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brenner-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brenner_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrenner2007" class="citation book cs1">Brenner, Robin E. (2007). <i>Understanding Manga and Anime</i>. Libraries Unlimited. p. chapter 3 p. 137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59158-332-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59158-332-5"><bdi>978-1-59158-332-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Manga+and+Anime&rft.pages=chapter+3+p.+137&rft.pub=Libraries+Unlimited&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-59158-332-5&rft.aulast=Brenner&rft.aufirst=Robin+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoys%27+love+fandom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLelland1999" class="citation journal cs1">McLelland, Mark (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/42772149">"Gay Men as Women's Ideal Partners in Japanese Popular Culture: Are Gay Men Really a Girl's Best Friends?"</a>. <i>U.s.-Japan Women's Journal. English Supplement</i> (17): <span class="nowrap">77–</span>110. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/42772149">42772149</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.s.-Japan+Women%27s+Journal.+English+Supplement&rft.atitle=Gay+Men+as+Women%27s+Ideal+Partners+in+Japanese+Popular+Culture%3A+Are+Gay+Men+Really+a+Girl%27s+Best+Friends%3F&rft.issue=17&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E77-%3C%2Fspan%3E110&rft.date=1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F42772149%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=McLelland&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F42772149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoys%27+love+fandom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLunsing2001" class="citation book cs1">Lunsing, Wim (2001). <i>Beyond Common Sense: Sexuality and Gender in Contemporary Japan</i>. London and New York: Kegan Paul International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7103-0593-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7103-0593-1"><bdi>0-7103-0593-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+Common+Sense%3A+Sexuality+and+Gender+in+Contemporary+Japan&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pub=Kegan+Paul+International&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-7103-0593-1&rft.aulast=Lunsing&rft.aufirst=Wim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoys%27+love+fandom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pedagogy-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pedagogy_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilsonToku2003" class="citation web cs1">Wilson, Brent; Toku, Masami (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mtoku.yourweb.csuchico.edu/vc/Articles/toku/Wil_Toku_BoysLove.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Boys' Love," Yaoi, and Art Education: Issues of Power and Pedagogy"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Boys%27+Love%2C%22+Yaoi%2C+and+Art+Education%3A+Issues+of+Power+and+Pedagogy&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Brent&rft.au=Toku%2C+Masami&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmtoku.yourweb.csuchico.edu%2Fvc%2FArticles%2Ftoku%2FWil_Toku_BoysLove.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoys%27+love+fandom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mizoguchi2010-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mizoguchi2010_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mizoguchi2010_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMizoguchi2010" class="citation book cs1">Mizoguchi, Akiko (September 2010). "Theorizing comics/manga genre as a productive forum: yaoi and beyond". In Berndt, Jaqueline (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120314101249/http://imrc.jp/2010/09/26/20100924Comics%20Worlds%20and%20the%20World%20of%20Comics.pdf"><i>Comics Worlds and the World of Comics: Towards Scholarship on a Global Scale</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Kyoto, Japan: International Manga Research Center, <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Seika_University" title="Kyoto Seika University">Kyoto Seika University</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">145–</span>170. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-905187-01-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-4-905187-01-1"><bdi>978-4-905187-01-1</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://imrc.jp/2010/09/26/20100924Comics%20Worlds%20and%20the%20World%20of%20Comics.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Theorizing+comics%2Fmanga+genre+as+a+productive+forum%3A+yaoi+and+beyond&rft.btitle=Comics+Worlds+and+the+World+of+Comics%3A+Towards+Scholarship+on+a+Global+Scale&rft.place=Kyoto%2C+Japan&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E145-%3C%2Fspan%3E170&rft.pub=International+Manga+Research+Center%2C+Kyoto+Seika+University&rft.date=2010-09&rft.isbn=978-4-905187-01-1&rft.aulast=Mizoguchi&rft.aufirst=Akiko&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimrc.jp%2F2010%2F09%2F26%2F20100924Comics%2520Worlds%2520and%2520the%2520World%2520of%2520Comics.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoys%27+love+fandom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McLelland_BL_websites-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McLelland_BL_websites_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McLelland_BL_websites_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLelland2001" class="citation web cs1">McLelland, Mark (October 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://motspluriels.arts.uwa.edu.au/MP1901mcl.html">"Local meanings in global space: a case study of women's 'Boy love' web sites in Japanese and English"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Local+meanings+in+global+space%3A+a+case+study+of+women%27s+%27Boy+love%27+web+sites+in+Japanese+and+English&rft.date=2001-10&rft.aulast=McLelland&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmotspluriels.arts.uwa.edu.au%2FMP1901mcl.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoys%27+love+fandom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sabucco, Veruska "Guided Fan Fiction: Western "Readings" of Japanese Homosexual-Themed Texts" in Berry, Chris, Fran Martin, and Audrey Yue (editors) (2003). <i>Mobile Cultures: New Media in Queer Asia</i>. <a href="/wiki/Durham,_North_Carolina" title="Durham, North Carolina">Durham, North Carolina</a>; London: <a href="/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University">Duke University</a> Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8223-3087-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8223-3087-3">0-8223-3087-3</a>. p.73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLelland2003" class="citation book cs1">McLelland, Mark (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bkbkMXkX8J0C&pg=PA52">"Japanese Queerscapes: Global/Local Intersections on the Internet"</a>. In Berry, Chris; Martin, Fran; Yue, Audrey (eds.). <i>Mobile Cultures: New Media in Queer Asia</i>. <a href="/wiki/Durham,_North_Carolina" title="Durham, North Carolina">Durham, North Carolina</a>; London: <a href="/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University">Duke University</a> Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">52–</span>53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8223-3087-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8223-3087-3"><bdi>0-8223-3087-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Japanese+Queerscapes%3A+Global%2FLocal+Intersections+on+the+Internet&rft.btitle=Mobile+Cultures%3A+New+Media+in+Queer+Asia&rft.place=Durham%2C+North+Carolina%3B+London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E52-%3C%2Fspan%3E53&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-8223-3087-3&rft.aulast=McLelland&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbkbkMXkX8J0C%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoys%27+love+fandom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yaoi_redrawing-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-yaoi_redrawing_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcHarry2003" class="citation journal cs1">McHarry, Mark (November 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080417001927/http://www.guidemag.com/temp/yaoi/a/mcharry_yaoi.html">"Yaoi: Redrawing Male Love"</a>. <i>The Guide</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guidemag.com/temp/yaoi/a/mcharry_yaoi.html">the original</a> on 2008-04-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guide&rft.atitle=Yaoi%3A+Redrawing+Male+Love&rft.date=2003-11&rft.aulast=McHarry&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guidemag.com%2Ftemp%2Fyaoi%2Fa%2Fmcharry_yaoi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoys%27+love+fandom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WorldofYaoi-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WorldofYaoi_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WorldofYaoi_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLelland2005" class="citation journal cs1">McLelland, Mark (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1152&context=artspapers">"The World of Yaoi: The Internet, Censorship and the Global "Boys' Love" Fandom"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Australian_Feminist_Law_Journal" title="The Australian Feminist Law Journal">The Australian Feminist Law Journal</a></i>. <b>23</b>: <span class="nowrap">61–</span>77. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13200968.2005.10854344">10.1080/13200968.2005.10854344</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144134070">144134070</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Australian+Feminist+Law+Journal&rft.atitle=The+World+of+Yaoi%3A+The+Internet%2C+Censorship+and+the+Global+%22Boys%27+Love%22+Fandom&rft.volume=23&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E61-%3C%2Fspan%3E77&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13200968.2005.10854344&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144134070%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=McLelland&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fro.uow.edu.au%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1152%26context%3Dartspapers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoys%27+love+fandom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080721140810/http://www.capstrans.edu.au/resources/events/2007/aior-oct-2007.pdf">"Roundtable: The Internet and Women's Transnational "Boys' Love" Fandom"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.capstrans.edu.au/resources/events/2007/aior-oct-2007.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2008-07-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Roundtable%3A+The+Internet+and+Women%27s+Transnational+%22Boys%27+Love%22+Fandom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.capstrans.edu.au%2Fresources%2Fevents%2F2007%2Faior-oct-2007.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoys%27+love+fandom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrient2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Brient, Hervé, ed. (2008). "Entretien avec Hisako Miyoshi". <i>Homosexualité et manga : le yaoi</i>. 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Editions H. pp. <span class="nowrap">17–</span>19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-9531781-0-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-9531781-0-4"><bdi>978-2-9531781-0-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Entretien+avec+Hisako+Miyoshi&rft.btitle=Homosexualit%C3%A9+et+manga+%3A+le+yaoi&rft.series=Manga%3A+10000+images&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E17-%3C%2Fspan%3E19&rft.pub=Editions+H&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-2-9531781-0-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoys%27+love+fandom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBonn2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bonn, General-Anzeiger (2022-07-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ga.de/bonn/stadt-bonn/manga-fans-treffen-sich-zu-convention-im-bonner-basecamp_aid-72915143">"Nur für Erwachsene: Manga-Fans treffen sich zu Convention im Bonner Basecamp"</a>. <i>General-Anzeiger Bonn</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=General-Anzeiger+Bonn&rft.atitle=Nur+f%C3%BCr+Erwachsene%3A+Manga-Fans+treffen+sich+zu+Convention+im+Bonner+Basecamp&rft.date=2022-07-17&rft.aulast=Bonn&rft.aufirst=General-Anzeiger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fga.de%2Fbonn%2Fstadt-bonn%2Fmanga-fans-treffen-sich-zu-convention-im-bonner-basecamp_aid-72915143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoys%27+love+fandom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/press-release/2021-05-12/scarlet-beriko-announced-as-fujocon-2021-guest-of-honor/.172719">"Scarlet Beriko Announced as FujoCon 2021 Guest of Honor"</a>. <i>Anime News Network</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Girls and Women Getting Out of Hand". In Kelly, William W. (ed.). <i>Fanning the Flames: Fans and Consumer Culture in Contemporary Japan</i>. <a href="/wiki/SUNY_Press" title="SUNY Press">SUNY Press</a>. p. 175. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780791460320" title="Special:BookSources/9780791460320"><bdi>9780791460320</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Girls+and+Women+Getting+Out+of+Hand&rft.btitle=Fanning+the+Flames%3A+Fans+and+Consumer+Culture+in+Contemporary+Japan&rft.pages=175&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780791460320&rft.aulast=Thorn&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoys%27+love+fandom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sequential_Tart_Translations-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sequential_Tart_Translations_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2001" class="citation web cs1">Lee, Tammy (May 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sequentialtart.com/archive/may02/johnson.shtml">"Tantalizing Translations - M.J. Johnson"</a>. <i>Sequential Tart</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sequential+Tart&rft.atitle=Tantalizing+Translations+-+M.J.+Johnson&rft.date=2001-05&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Tammy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sequentialtart.com%2Farchive%2Fmay02%2Fjohnson.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoys%27+love+fandom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThorn" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Thorn" title="Rachel Thorn">Thorn, Rachel</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080828140622/http://www.matt-thorn.com/shoujo_manga/girls_stuff/gs94-03-08.html">"Girls' Stuff, May (?) '94"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.matt-thorn.com/shoujo_manga/girls_stuff/gs94-03-08.html">the original</a> on 2008-08-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Girls%27+Stuff%2C+May+%28%3F%29+%2794&rft.aulast=Thorn&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.matt-thorn.com%2Fshoujo_manga%2Fgirls_stuff%2Fgs94-03-08.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoys%27+love+fandom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoussef2004" class="citation thesis cs1">Youssef, Sandra (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120222205945/http://www.yuuyami.com/luce/thesis.pdf"><i>Girls who like Boys who like Boys - Ethnography of Online Slash/Yaoi Fans</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Honours Thesis for <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a>). <a href="/wiki/Mount_Holyoke_College" title="Mount Holyoke College">Mount Holyoke College</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yuuyami.com/luce/thesis.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-02-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Girls+who+like+Boys+who+like+Boys+-+Ethnography+of+Online+Slash%2FYaoi+Fans&rft.inst=Mount+Holyoke+College&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Youssef&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yuuyami.com%2Fluce%2Fthesis.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoys%27+love+fandom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boys%27_love_fandom&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fujyoshi.jp/">fujyoshi.jp</a> - Includes a glossary of fujoshi-specific terminology.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGalbraith" class="citation web cs1">Galbraith, Patrick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707121506/http://archive.metropolis.co.jp/tokyo/777/pop.asp">"Fujoshi: The "rotten girls" of Ikebukuro take center stage"</a>. <i>Poplife</i>. Metropolis. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.metropolis.co.jp/tokyo/777/pop.asp">the original</a> on 2011-07-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-06-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Poplife&rft.atitle=Fujoshi%3A+The+%22rotten+girls%22+of+Ikebukuro+take+center+stage&rft.aulast=Galbraith&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.metropolis.co.jp%2Ftokyo%2F777%2Fpop.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoys%27+love+fandom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevitt2009" class="citation news cs1">Levitt, Aimee (8 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121005150242/http://www.riverfronttimes.com/2009-12-09/news/girls-who-love-boys-who-love-boys-inside-midwest-first-celebration-yaoi-screaming-never-stops/1/">"Girls Who Love Boys Who Love Boys: Inside the Midwest's first celebration of all things yaoi — where the screaming never stops"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Riverfront_Times" title="Riverfront Times">Riverfront Times</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riverfronttimes.com/2009-12-09/news/girls-who-love-boys-who-love-boys-inside-midwest-first-celebration-yaoi-screaming-never-stops/1">the original</a> on 5 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Riverfront+Times&rft.atitle=Girls+Who+Love+Boys+Who+Love+Boys%3A+Inside+the+Midwest%27s+first+celebration+of+all+things+yaoi+%E2%80%94+where+the+screaming+never+stops&rft.date=2009-12-08&rft.aulast=Levitt&rft.aufirst=Aimee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.riverfronttimes.com%2F2009-12-09%2Fnews%2Fgirls-who-love-boys-who-love-boys-inside-midwest-first-celebration-yaoi-screaming-never-stops%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoys%27+love+fandom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTreyvaud2009" class="citation web cs1">Treyvaud, Matt (June 4, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://neojaponisme.com/2009/06/04/everybodys-fujoshi-girlfriend/">"Everybody's Fujoshi Girlfriend"</a>. Néojaponisme<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-06-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Everybody%27s+Fujoshi+Girlfriend&rft.pub=N%C3%A9ojaponisme&rft.date=2009-06-04&rft.aulast=Treyvaud&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fneojaponisme.com%2F2009%2F06%2F04%2Feverybodys-fujoshi-girlfriend%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoys%27+love+fandom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZanghellini2009" class="citation journal cs1">Zanghellini, A. (2009). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Boys love' in anime and manga: Japanese subcultural production and its end users". <i>Continuum</i>. <b>23</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">279–</span>294. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10304310902822886">10.1080/10304310902822886</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145003102">145003102</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Continuum&rft.atitle=%27Boys+love%27+in+anime+and+manga%3A+Japanese+subcultural+production+and+its+end+users&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E279-%3C%2Fspan%3E294&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10304310902822886&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145003102%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Zanghellini&rft.aufirst=A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoys%27+love+fandom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeffry_T._Hester2015" class="citation book cs1">Jeffry T. Hester (2015). "Fujoshi Emergent: Shifting Popular Representations of Yaoi/BL Fandom in Japan". <i>Boys' Love Manga and Beyond : History, Culture, and Community in Japan</i>. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781626740662" title="Special:BookSources/9781626740662"><bdi>9781626740662</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fujoshi+Emergent%3A+Shifting+Popular+Representations+of+Yaoi%2FBL+Fandom+in+Japan&rft.btitle=Boys%27+Love+Manga+and+Beyond+%3A+History%2C+Culture%2C+and+Community+in+Japan&rft.place=Jackson&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781626740662&rft.au=Jeffry+T.+Hester&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoys%27+love+fandom" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Expanded_universe" title="Expanded universe">Expanded universe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_film" title="Fan film">Fan film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femslash" title="Femslash">Femslash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mpreg" title="Mpreg">Mpreg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omegaverse" title="Omegaverse">Omegaverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_person_fiction" title="Real person fiction">Real person fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shared_universe" title="Shared universe">Shared universe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slash_fiction" title="Slash fiction">Slash fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uberfic" title="Uberfic">Uberfic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writing styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Author_surrogate" title="Author surrogate">Author surrogate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Sue" title="Mary Sue">Mary Sue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSTing" class="mw-redirect" title="MSTing">MSTing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-insertion" title="Self-insertion">Self-insertion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Published works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Another_Hope" title="Another Hope">Another Hope</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Bastard" title="Beautiful Bastard">Beautiful Bastard</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fallout:_Equestria" title="Fallout: Equestria">Fallout: Equestria</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifty_Shades_(novel_series)" title="Fifty Shades (novel series)"><i>Fifty Shades</i> trilogy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gabriel%27s_Inferno" title="Gabriel's Inferno">Gabriel's Inferno</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Love_Hypothesis" title="The Love Hypothesis">The Love Hypothesis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Time%27s_Champion" class="mw-redirect" title="Time's Champion">Time's Champion</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Websites and<br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FanFiction.Net" title="FanFiction.Net">FanFiction.Net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gossamer_Project" title="The Gossamer Project">The Gossamer Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Transformative_Works" title="Organization for Transformative Works">Organization for Transformative Works</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archive_of_Our_Own" title="Archive of Our Own">Archive of Our Own</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattpad" title="Wattpad">Wattpad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shipping_(fandom)" title="Shipping (fandom)">Shipping</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_discourse" title="Shipping discourse">Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk/Spock" title="Kirk/Spock">Kirk/Spock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stucky_(fandom)" title="Stucky (fandom)">Stucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drarry" title="Drarry">Drarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfstar" title="Wolfstar">Wolfstar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorbus" title="Scorbus">Scorbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thasmin" title="Thasmin">Thasmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnlock" title="Johnlock">Johnlock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Doujinshi" title="Doujinshi">Doujinshi</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_labor" title="Fan labor">Fan labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_issues_with_fan_fiction" title="Legal issues with fan fiction">Legal issues with fan fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_character" title="Original character">Original character</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Japanese_subcultures49" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Japanese_subcultures" title="Template:Japanese subcultures"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Japanese_subcultures" title="Template talk:Japanese subcultures"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese_subcultures" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese subcultures"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Japanese_subcultures49" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Japanese subcultures</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subcultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku" title="Bōsōzoku">Bōsōzoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosplay" title="Cosplay">Cosplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaoi_fandom" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaoi fandom">Fujoshi/fudanshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganguro" title="Ganguro">Ganguro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genderless_fashion_in_Japan" title="Genderless fashion in Japan">Genderless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyaru" title="Gyaru">Gyaru</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gyaruo" title="Gyaruo">gyaruo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawaii" title="Kawaii">Kawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kogal" title="Kogal">Kogal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolita_fashion" title="Lolita fashion">Lolita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omorashi" title="Omorashi">Omorashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otaku" title="Otaku">Otaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukeban" title="Sukeban">Sukeban</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural phenomena</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gyaru-moji" title="Gyaru-moji">Gyaru-moji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_kei" title="Visual kei">Visual kei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fandoms123" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fandom" title="Template:Fandom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fandom" title="Template talk:Fandom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fandom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fandom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fandoms123" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fandom" title="Fandom">Fandoms</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_fandom" title="Fantasy fandom">Fantasy fandom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furry_fandom" title="Furry fandom">Furry fandom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_fandom" title="Science fiction fandom">Science fiction fandom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaoi_fandom" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaoi fandom">Yaoi fandom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medium-specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anime_and_manga_fandom" title="Anime and manga fandom">Anime and manga fandom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliophilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliophilia">Bibliophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinephilia" title="Cinephilia">Cinephilia</a></li> <li>Disney fandom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disney_adult" title="Disney adult">Disney adults</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disneyland_social_club" title="Disneyland social club">Disneyland social club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donaldism" title="Donaldism">Donaldism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamer" title="Gamer">Gamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_fan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports fan">Sports fan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production-specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lego_fandom" title="Lego fandom">AFOL</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Song_of_Ice_and_Fire_fandom" title="A Song of Ice and Fire fandom">A Song of Ice and Fire</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatlemania" title="Beatlemania">Beatlemania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadhead" title="Deadhead">Deadhead</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who_fandom" title="Doctor Who fandom">Doctor Who</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cultural_impact_of_Dragon_Ball" title="Cultural impact of Dragon Ball">Dragon Ball</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/EarthBound_fandom" title="EarthBound fandom">EarthBound</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/James_Bond_fandom" title="James Bond fandom">James Bond</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janeite" title="Janeite">Janeite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juggalo" title="Juggalo">Juggalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larries" title="Larries">Larries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson_fandom" title="Michael Jackson fandom">Moonwalker</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Little_Pony:_Friendship_Is_Magic_fandom" title="My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom">MLP: FIM</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MST3K" class="mw-redirect" title="MST3K">MST3K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parrothead" class="mw-redirect" title="Parrothead">Parrothead</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_fandom" title="Sherlock Holmes fandom">Sherlock Holmes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cultural_impact_of_Star_Wars" title="Cultural impact of Star Wars">Star Wars</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stargate_fandom" title="Stargate fandom">Stargate</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrek_fandom" title="Shrek fandom">Shrek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swifties" title="Swifties">Swiftie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_fandom" title="Tolkien fandom">Tolkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trekkie" title="Trekkie">Trekkie</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Twilight_fandom" title="Twilight fandom">Twilight</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Demographics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anorak_(slang)" title="Anorak (slang)">Anorak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fan" title="Anti-fan">Anti-fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celebrity_worship_syndrome" title="Celebrity worship syndrome">Celebrity worship syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_following" title="Cult following">Cult following</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_(person)" title="Fan (person)">Fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fursona" title="Fursona">Furry</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kemon%C4%81" title="Kemonā">Kemonā</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geek" title="Geek">Geek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groupie" title="Groupie">Groupie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerd" title="Nerd">Nerd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otaku" title="Otaku">Otaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasaeng_fan" title="Sasaeng fan">Sasaeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_(fan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stan (fan)">Stan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifosi" title="Tifosi">Tifosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultras" title="Ultras">Ultras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waifu" class="mw-redirect" title="Waifu">Waifu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations<br />and events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amateur_press_association" title="Amateur press association">Amateur press association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_club" title="Car club">Car club</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boy_racer" title="Boy racer">Boy racer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruising_(driving)" title="Cruising (driving)">Cruising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Import_scene" title="Import scene">Import scene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_rod" title="Hot rod">Hot rodding</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kustom_Kulture" title="Kustom Kulture">Kustom Kulture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowrider_Club" title="Lowrider Club">Lowrider Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supercar_Season" title="Supercar Season">Supercar Season</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosplay" title="Cosplay">Cosplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_club" title="Fan club">Fan club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_convention" title="Fan convention">Fan convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fandom_names" title="List of fandom names">Fandom names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_club" class="mw-redirect" title="Game club">Game club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_reenactment" title="Historical reenactment">Historical reenactment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_action_role-playing_game" title="Live action role-playing game">Live action role-playing game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_club" title="Motorcycle club">Motorcycle club</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Owners_Group" title="Harley Owners Group">Harley Owners Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Transformative_Works" title="Organization for Transformative Works">Organization for Transformative Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railfan" title="Railfan">Railfan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Twitter" title="Stan Twitter">Stan Twitter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications<br />and activities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anime_music_video" title="Anime music video">Anime music video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autograph_collecting" title="Autograph collecting">Autograph collecting</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Doujin" title="Doujin">Doujin</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doujin_music" title="Doujin music"><i>Doujin</i> music</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Doujinshi" title="Doujinshi">Doujinshi</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_art" title="Fan art">Fan art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_edit" title="Fan edit">Fan edit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_fiction" title="Fan fiction">Fan fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_film" title="Fan film">Fan film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_labor" title="Fan labor">Fan labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_mail" title="Fan mail">Fan mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_rice" title="Fan rice">Fan rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_translation" title="Fan translation">Fan translation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanac" title="Fanac">Fanac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_game" title="Fan game">Fan game</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doujin_soft" title="Doujin soft"><i>Doujin</i> soft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_modding" title="Video game modding">Mod</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fansite" title="Fansite">Fansite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fan_wiki" title="Fan wiki">Fan wiki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fan_wikis" title="List of fan wikis">list</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanspeak" title="Fanspeak">Fanspeak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanzine" title="Fanzine">Fanzine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filk_music" title="Filk music">Filk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_person_fiction" title="Real person fiction">Real person fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidding" title="Vidding">Vidding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zine" title="Zine">Zine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fan_convention" title="Fan convention">Conventions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anime_convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Anime convention">Anime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anime_conventions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of anime conventions">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comic_book_convention" title="Comic book convention">Comic book</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comic_book_conventions" title="List of comic book conventions">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doujinshi_convention" title="Doujinshi convention"><i>Doujinshi</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furry_convention" title="Furry convention">Furry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaming_convention" title="Gaming convention">Gaming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gaming_conventions" title="List of gaming conventions">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_convention" title="Horror convention">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_multigenre_conventions" title="List of multigenre conventions">Multigenre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_professional_wrestling_conventions" title="List of professional wrestling conventions">Professional wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_convention" title="Science fiction convention">Science fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_conventions" title="List of science fiction conventions">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fan_conventions_by_date_of_founding" title="List of fan conventions by date of founding">by date of establishment</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autograph" title="Autograph">Autograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_loyalty" title="Fan loyalty">Fan loyalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_service" title="Fan service">Fan service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odagiri_effect" title="Odagiri effect">Odagiri effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_character" title="Original character">Original character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_(fandom)" title="Shipping (fandom)">Shipping</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_discourse" title="Shipping discourse">Shipping discourse</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox399" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192775#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 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