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<span>Padri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Padri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_Padri_War_1803–1825" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Padri_War_1803–1825"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>First Padri War 1803–1825</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-First_Padri_War_1803–1825-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle First Padri War 1803–1825 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-First_Padri_War_1803–1825-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Beginning_1803-1821" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beginning_1803-1821"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Beginning 1803-1821</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beginning_1803-1821-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Baso_(1822)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Baso_(1822)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Battle of Baso (1822)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Baso_(1822)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Batusangkar_(1822)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Batusangkar_(1822)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Battle of Batusangkar (1822)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Batusangkar_(1822)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Lintau_(1823)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Lintau_(1823)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Battle of Lintau (1823)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Lintau_(1823)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treaty_of_Masang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treaty_of_Masang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Treaty of Masang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treaty_of_Masang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Padri_War_1831–1838" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Padri_War_1831–1838"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Second Padri War 1831–1838</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Second_Padri_War_1831–1838-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attack_on_Bonjol_1833–1835" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attack_on_Bonjol_1833–1835"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Attack on Bonjol 1833–1835</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attack_on_Bonjol_1833–1835-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fort_Bonjol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fort_Bonjol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Fort Bonjol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fort_Bonjol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Siege_of_Bonjol_1835–1837" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siege_of_Bonjol_1835–1837"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Siege of Bonjol 1835–1837</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siege_of_Bonjol_1835–1837-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Impact</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="حرب بادري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حرب بادري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padri_Chi%C3%A0n-cheng" title="Padri Chiàn-cheng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Padri Chiàn-cheng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B4_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="جنبش پادری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنبش پادری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerre_des_Padri" title="Guerre des Padri – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guerre des Padri" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Padri" title="Perang Padri – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perang Padri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_dei_Paderi" title="Guerra dei Paderi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Guerra dei Paderi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Padri" title="Perang Padri – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Perang Padri" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Padri" title="Perang Padri – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perang Padri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parang_Paderi" title="Parang Paderi – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Parang Paderi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padri-oorlogen" title="Padri-oorlogen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Padri-oorlogen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%89%E3%83%AA%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89" title="パドリ戦争 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パドリ戦争" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_dos_Padris" title="Guerra dos Padris – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Guerra dos Padris" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%96" title="Війна Падрі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Війна Падрі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tingki_ni_Pidari" title="Tingki ni Pidari – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Tingki ni Pidari" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porang_Padri" title="Porang Padri – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Porang Padri" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">1803–1837 armed conflict in Sumatra, Indonesia</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Padri War</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Template:Dutch_colonial_campaigns" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Dutch colonial campaigns">Dutch Colonial campaigns</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heldhaftig_gedrag_van_luitenant_Bisschoff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Heldhaftig_gedrag_van_luitenant_Bisschoff.jpg/140px-Heldhaftig_gedrag_van_luitenant_Bisschoff.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Heldhaftig_gedrag_van_luitenant_Bisschoff.jpg/210px-Heldhaftig_gedrag_van_luitenant_Bisschoff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Heldhaftig_gedrag_van_luitenant_Bisschoff.jpg/280px-Heldhaftig_gedrag_van_luitenant_Bisschoff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1842" data-file-height="1812" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Naar-beide-zijden-front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Naar-beide-zijden-front.jpg/140px-Naar-beide-zijden-front.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Naar-beide-zijden-front.jpg/210px-Naar-beide-zijden-front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Naar-beide-zijden-front.jpg/280px-Naar-beide-zijden-front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4379" data-file-height="2926" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aftocht_van_de_bezetting_van_Amerongen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Aftocht_van_de_bezetting_van_Amerongen.jpg/140px-Aftocht_van_de_bezetting_van_Amerongen.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Aftocht_van_de_bezetting_van_Amerongen.jpg/210px-Aftocht_van_de_bezetting_van_Amerongen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Aftocht_van_de_bezetting_van_Amerongen.jpg/280px-Aftocht_van_de_bezetting_van_Amerongen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3360" data-file-height="2419" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raaff-tijdens_de_Padri.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Raaff-tijdens_de_Padri.jpg/140px-Raaff-tijdens_de_Padri.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Raaff-tijdens_de_Padri.jpg/210px-Raaff-tijdens_de_Padri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Raaff-tijdens_de_Padri.jpg/280px-Raaff-tijdens_de_Padri.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3369" data-file-height="2239" /></a></span><br />Battle engagements between Padri and the Dutch, 1830s</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>1803–1837</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/West_Sumatra" title="West Sumatra">West Sumatra</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Sumatra" title="North Sumatra">North Sumatra</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Riau" title="Riau">Riau</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <b>1st Padri War (1803–25):</b><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Padri victory</li></ul></div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Treaty_of_Masang">Treaty of <i>Masang</i></a></li></ul> <hr /> <b>2nd Padri War (1831–37):</b><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Dutch victory</li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Imam_Bonjol" title="Tuanku Imam Bonjol">Imam Bonjol</a> was exiled to <a href="/wiki/Cianjur" title="Cianjur">Cianjur</a> in <a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a>, then to <a href="/wiki/Ambon_Island" title="Ambon Island">Ambon</a>, and later to <a href="/wiki/Manado" title="Manado">Manado</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Territorial<br />changes</th><td> Dutch conquest of <a href="/wiki/West_Sumatra" title="West Sumatra">West Sumatra</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Minang.svg/23px-Flag_of_Minang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Minang.svg/35px-Flag_of_Minang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Minang.svg/45px-Flag_of_Minang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pagaruyung_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagaruyung Kingdom">Pagaruyung</a> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Minang.svg/23px-Flag_of_Minang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Minang.svg/35px-Flag_of_Minang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Minang.svg/45px-Flag_of_Minang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Adat" title="Adat">Adat</a> (1803-33)</li></ul></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Netherlands"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="United Kingdom of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></span> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514"><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Minang.svg/23px-Flag_of_Minang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Minang.svg/35px-Flag_of_Minang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Minang.svg/45px-Flag_of_Minang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pagaruyung_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagaruyung Kingdom">Pagaruyung</a> <ul><li>Padri (<a href="/wiki/Ulama" title="Ulama">Ulama</a> of <a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_Highlands" title="Minangkabau Highlands">Minangkabau</a>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Minang.svg/23px-Flag_of_Minang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Minang.svg/35px-Flag_of_Minang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Minang.svg/45px-Flag_of_Minang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Adat" title="Adat">Adat</a> (1833-37)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Minang.svg/23px-Flag_of_Minang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Minang.svg/35px-Flag_of_Minang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Minang.svg/45px-Flag_of_Minang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></span></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultan_Arifin_Muningsyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultan Arifin Muningsyah (page does not exist)">Sultan Arifin Muningsyah</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Minang.svg/23px-Flag_of_Minang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Minang.svg/35px-Flag_of_Minang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Minang.svg/45px-Flag_of_Minang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Tangkal_Alam_Bagagar" title="Sultan Tangkal Alam Bagagar">Sultan Tangkal Alam Bagagar</a><br />(exiled to Batavia in 1833)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans_David_Cochius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frans David Cochius (page does not exist)">Major General Cochius</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Joseph_Jean_Lambert_de_Stuers" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubert Joseph Jean Lambert de Stuers">Colonel Stuers</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_Theodore_Raaff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine Theodore Raaff (page does not exist)">Lieutenant Colonel Raaff</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cornelis_Pieter_Jacob_Elout&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cornelis Pieter Jacob Elout (page does not exist)">Lieutenant Colonel Elout</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_Vermeulen_Krieger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferdinand Vermeulen Krieger (page does not exist)">Lieutenant Colonel Krieger</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Heinrich_Conrad_Bauer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johan Heinrich Conrad Bauer (page does not exist)">Lieutenant Colonel Bauer</a><br /> <span class="nowrap"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Victor_Michiels" title="Andreas Victor Michiels">Lieutenant Colonel Michiels</a></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans_Laemlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frans Laemlin (page does not exist)">Major Laemlin</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franciscus_Fredericus_Prager&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franciscus Fredericus Prager (page does not exist)">Major Prager</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonardus_Cornelis_du_Bus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonardus Cornelis du Bus (page does not exist)">Major du Bus</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toontje_Poland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toontje Poland (page does not exist)">Captain Poland</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hendrik_Merkus_Lange&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hendrik Merkus Lange (page does not exist)">Captain Lange</a><br /></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Imam_Bonjol" title="Tuanku Imam Bonjol">Tuanku Imam Bonjol</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Rao" title="Tuanku Rao">Tuanku Rao</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Tambusai" title="Tuanku Tambusai">Tuanku Tambusai</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Nan_Renceh" title="Tuanku Nan Renceh">Tuanku Nan Renceh</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuanku_Lintau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuanku Lintau (page does not exist)">Tuanku Lintau</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Pasaman" title="Tuanku Pasaman">Tuanku Pasaman</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuanku_Nan_Alahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuanku Nan Alahan (page does not exist)">Tuanku Nan Alahan</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Dutch_colonial_campaigns" title="Template:Campaignbox Dutch colonial campaigns"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Dutch_colonial_campaigns" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Dutch colonial campaigns"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Dutch_colonial_campaigns" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Dutch colonial campaigns"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dutch_colonial_conflicts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><span style="font-size:96%;"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_colonial_empire" title="Dutch colonial empire"><span class="wrap">Dutch colonial conflicts</span></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>17th century</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bantam" title="Battle of Bantam">Bantam (1601)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Amboina" title="Capture of Amboina">Amboina (1605)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Malacca_(1606)" title="Siege of Malacca (1606)">Malacca (1606)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Rachado" title="Battle of Cape Rachado">Cape Rachado (1606)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mozambique_(1607)" title="Siege of Mozambique (1607)">Mozambique (1607)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mozambique_(1608)" title="Siege of Mozambique (1608)">Mozambique (1608)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_conquest_of_the_Banda_Islands" title="Dutch conquest of the Banda Islands">Banda Islands (1609–21)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acehnese_invasion_of_Johor" title="Acehnese invasion of Johor">Johor (1613)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Macau" title="Battle of Macau">Macau (1622)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Dutch_conflicts" title="Sino-Dutch conflicts">Pescadores (1622–24)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Salvador" class="mw-redirect" title="Capture of Salvador">Salvador (1624)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filips_van_Zuylen%27s_campaign_agaisnt_Luanda" title="Filips van Zuylen's campaign agaisnt Luanda">Luanda (1624)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_1_February_1625" title="Action of 1 February 1625">Persian Gulf (1625)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recapture_of_Salvador" class="mw-redirect" title="Recapture of Salvador">Salvador (1625)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Elmina_(1625)" title="Battle of Elmina (1625)">Elmina (1625)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_in_the_Bay_of_Matanzas" title="Battle in the Bay of Matanzas">Cuba (1628)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Batavia" title="Siege of Batavia">Batavia (1628–29)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Recife_(1630)" title="Siege of Recife (1630)">Recife (1630)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jambi" title="Battle of Jambi">Jambi (1630)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Abrolhos" title="Battle of Abrolhos">Abrolhos (1631)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Liaoluo_Bay" title="Battle of Liaoluo Bay">Liaoluo Bay (1633)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_pacification_campaign_on_Formosa" title="Dutch pacification campaign on Formosa">Taiwan (1635–36)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mata_Redonda" title="Battle of Mata Redonda">Brazil (1636)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamey_Island_Massacre" title="Lamey Island Massacre">Liuqiu Island (1636)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_of_Porto_Calvo" title="Campaign of Porto Calvo">Porto Calvo (1637)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Elmina_(1637)" title="Battle of Elmina (1637)">Elmina (1637)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%8Bnh%E2%80%93Nguy%E1%BB%85n_War" title="Trịnh–Nguyễn War">Vietnam (1637–43)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Goa_(1638)" title="Battle of Goa (1638)">Goa (1638)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Salvador_(1638)" title="Siege of Salvador (1638)">Salvador (1638)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_30_September_1639" title="Action of 30 September 1639">Mormugão (1639)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_12%E2%80%9317_January_1640" title="Action of 12–17 January 1640">Itamaracá (1640)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Galle_(1640)" title="Siege of Galle (1640)">Ceylon (1640)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Malacca_(1641)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Malacca (1641)">Malacca (1641)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Luanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Capture of Luanda">Luanda (1641)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Salvador_(1641)" title="Battle of San Salvador (1641)">Taiwan (1641)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Salvador_(1642)" title="Battle of San Salvador (1642)">Taiwan (1642)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_expedition_to_Valdivia" title="Dutch expedition to Valdivia">Chile (1643)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Dutch_War" title="Cambodian–Dutch War">Cambodia (1643–44)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kieft%27s_War" title="Kieft's War">New Netherland (1643–45)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dano-Carical_Conflict" title="Dano-Carical Conflict">India (1644-45)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabocas" title="Battle of Tabocas">Tabocas (1645)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Casa_Forte" title="Battle of Casa Forte">Brazil (1645)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_La_Naval_de_Manila" title="Battles of La Naval de Manila">Philippines (1646)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kombi" title="Battle of Kombi">Kombi (1647)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Guararapes" title="First Battle of Guararapes">Guararapes (1648)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Guararapes" title="Second Battle of Guararapes">Guararapes (1649)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Huaiyi_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Guo Huaiyi Rebellion">Taiwan (1652)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recapture_of_Recife_(1652-54)" class="mw-redirect" title="Recapture of Recife (1652-54)">2nd Recife (1652-1654)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_2_May_1654" title="Action of 2 May 1654">2nd Colombo (1654)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mannar_(1658)" title="Battle of Mannar (1658)">Mannar (1658)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Malabar_(1658-1663)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conquest of Malabar (1658-1663)">Malabar (1658-1663)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esopus_Wars" title="Esopus Wars">New Netherland (1659–63)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoikhoi%E2%80%93Dutch_Wars" title="Khoikhoi–Dutch Wars">Cape Colony (1659-1677)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Zeelandia" title="Siege of Fort Zeelandia">Formosa (1661–62)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandyan-Dutch_War_(1670-1675)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kandyan-Dutch War (1670-1675)">Ceylon (1670-1670)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Masulipatnam" title="Battle of Masulipatnam">India (1673)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trunajaya_rebellion" title="Trunajaya rebellion">Java (1674–80)</a></li></ul> <p><b>18th century</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Javanese_War_of_Succession" title="First Javanese War of Succession">Java (1704–07)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Javanese_War_of_Succession" title="Second Javanese War of Succession">Java (1719–23)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travancore%E2%80%93Dutch_War" title="Travancore–Dutch War">India (1739–41)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_War_(1741%E2%80%931743)" title="Java War (1741–1743)">Java (1741–43)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Penfui" title="Battle of Penfui">Penfui (1749)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Javanese_War_of_Succession" title="Third Javanese War of Succession">Java (1749–57)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandyan%E2%80%93Dutch_war_(1764%E2%80%931766)" title="Kandyan–Dutch war (1764–1766)">Ceylon (1764-1766)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Negapatam" title="Siege of Negapatam">India (1781)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Trincomalee" title="Capture of Trincomalee">Ceylon (1782)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley%27s_Gold_Coast_expedition" title="Shirley's Gold Coast expedition">Gold Coast (1782)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Cape_Colony" title="Invasion of the Cape Colony">Cape Colony (1795)</a></li></ul> <p><b>19th century</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Surinam_(1804)" title="Invasion of Surinam (1804)">Surinam (1804)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blaauwberg" title="Battle of Blaauwberg">Cape Colony (1806)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_campaign_of_1806%E2%80%9307" class="mw-redirect" title="Java campaign of 1806–07">Java (1806–07)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Spice_Islands" title="Invasion of the Spice Islands">Moluccas (1810)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Java_(1811)" title="Invasion of Java (1811)">Java (1811)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Algiers_(1816)" title="Bombardment of Algiers (1816)">Algiers (1816)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioners-General_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies#Interlude:_the_suppression_of_the_insurrection_of_Pattimura" title="Commissioners-General of the Dutch East Indies">Ambon (1817)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_expedition_to_Palembang" title="First expedition to Palembang">Palembang (1819)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_expedition_to_Palembang" title="Second expedition to Palembang">Palembang (1821)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sumatra (1821–37)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_to_the_West_Coast_of_Borneo" title="Expedition to the West Coast of Borneo">Borneo (1823)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Bone_War" title="First Bone War">Bone (1824–25)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_War" title="Java War">Java (1825–30)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_expedition_on_the_west_coast_of_Sumatra" title="Dutch expedition on the west coast of Sumatra">Aceh (1831)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch%E2%80%93Ahanta_War" title="Dutch–Ahanta War">Ahanta (1837–39)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_intervention_in_Northern_Bali_(1846)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch intervention in Northern Bali (1846)">Bali (1846)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_intervention_in_Northern_Bali_(1848)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch intervention in Northern Bali (1848)">Bali (1848)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_intervention_in_Bali_(1849)" title="Dutch intervention in Bali (1849)">Bali (1849)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palembang_Bovenlanden_Expeditions" class="mw-redirect" title="Palembang Bovenlanden Expeditions">Palembang (1851–59)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_against_the_Chinese_in_Montrado" title="Expedition against the Chinese in Montrado">Montrado (1854–55)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nias_Expedition" title="Nias Expedition">Nias (1855–64)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_intervention_in_Bali_(1858)" title="Dutch intervention in Bali (1858)">Bali (1858)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Bone_War" title="Second Bone War">Bone (1858–59)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjarmasin_War" title="Banjarmasin War">Borneo (1859–63)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_for_Shimonoseki" class="mw-redirect" title="Battles for Shimonoseki">Japan (1863–64)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasoemah_Expedition" title="Pasoemah Expedition">Pasoemah (1864–68)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Gold_Coast_expedition_of_1869%E2%80%9370" title="Dutch Gold Coast expedition of 1869–70">Gold Coast (1869–70)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aceh_War" title="Aceh War">Aceh (1873–1913)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_uprising_in_Mandor,_Borneo" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese uprising in Mandor, Borneo">Mandor (1884–85)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jambi_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Jambi Uprising">Jambi (1885)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edi_Expedition" title="Edi Expedition">Edi (1890)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_intervention_in_Lombok_and_Karangasem" title="Dutch intervention in Lombok and Karangasem">Lombok and Karangasem (1894)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedir_Expedition" title="Pedir Expedition">Pedir (1897–98)</a></li></ul> <p><b>20th century</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kerinci_Expedition" title="Kerinci Expedition">Kerinci (1903)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Bone_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Bone War">Bone (1905–06)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_intervention_in_Bali_(1906)" title="Dutch intervention in Bali (1906)">Bali (1906)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_intervention_in_Bali_(1908)" title="Dutch intervention in Bali (1908)">Bali (1908)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch%E2%80%93Venezuelan_crisis_of_1908" title="Dutch–Venezuelan crisis of 1908">Venezuela (1908)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies_campaign" title="Dutch East Indies campaign">Indonesia (1941–45)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesia (1946–49)</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>Padri War</b> (also called the <b>Minangkabau War</b>) was fought from 1803 until 1837 in <a href="/wiki/West_Sumatra" title="West Sumatra">West Sumatra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> between the Padri and the Adat. The Padri were <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Muslim</a> clerics from <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a> who wanted to impose <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_Highlands" title="Minangkabau Highlands">Minangkabau</a> in <a href="/wiki/West_Sumatra" title="West Sumatra">West Sumatra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>. The Adat comprised the Minangkabau nobility and traditional chiefs. They asked for the help of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_East_Indies_Army" title="Royal Netherlands East Indies Army">Dutch</a>, who intervened in 1821 and helped the nobility defeat the Padri faction. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padri_War&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It can be considered that the Padri War began in 1803, before Dutch intervention, and was a conflict that had broken out in Minangkabau country when the Padri started to suppress what they saw as unIslamic customs, i.e. the <i><a href="/wiki/Adat" title="Adat">adat</a></i>. But after the occupation of the <a href="/wiki/Pagaruyung_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagaruyung Kingdom">Pagaruyung Kingdom</a> by Tuanku Pasaman, one of the Padri leaders in 1815, on 21 February 1821, the <a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_people" title="Minangkabau people">Minangkabau</a> nobility made a deal with the Dutch in <a href="/wiki/Padang,_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Padang, Indonesia">Padang</a> to help them fight the Padri.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Adat</i>, as customary law is called in Indonesia, includes indigenous, pre-Islamic religious practices and social traditions in local customs. The Padri, like contemporaneous jihadists in the <a href="/wiki/Sokoto_Caliphate" title="Sokoto Caliphate">Sokoto Caliphate</a> of West Africa, were <a href="/wiki/Islamist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist">Islamist</a> purists who had made the <i><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">hajj</a></i> to Mecca and returned<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> inspired to bring the Qur'an and <i><a href="/wiki/Shariah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shariah">shariah</a></i> to a position of greater influence in Sumatra. The Padri movement had formed during the early 19th century and sought to purge the culture of traditions and beliefs its partisans viewed as un-Islamic. </p><p>In the 1820s, the Dutch had yet to consolidate their possessions in some parts of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> (later Indonesia) after re-acquiring it from the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a>. This was especially true on the island of Sumatra, where some areas would not come under Dutch rule until the 20th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Padri">Padri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padri_War&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Padri"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From c.1692, Islam was propagated to the Minangkabau areas of West Sumatra by Sheikh <a href="/wiki/Burhanuddin_Ulakan" title="Burhanuddin Ulakan">Burhanuddin Ulakan</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Shattari" class="mw-redirect" title="Shattari">Shattari</a> school of <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a>. In 1784, the Sufi ulama called <a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Nan_Tuo" title="Tuanku Nan Tuo">Tuanku Nan Tuo</a> was appointed as the religious head of the Koto Tuo region. He appointed a large number of his students to head various surau surrounding the region. A great number of his students were <a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a> returnees and were influenced by the ideals of <a href="/wiki/Wahabbism" class="mw-redirect" title="Wahabbism">the Wahabi movement</a>. They called themselves Padri.<sup id="cite_ref-Dobbin_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dobbin-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Padri movement is considered one of the major precursors of <i><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">the Salafiyya</a></i> movement of the 19th century; and influenced the Salafi <a href="/wiki/Islah" title="Islah">reformist</a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammadiyah" title="Muhammadiyah">Muhammadiyyah</a> movement of <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">South East Asia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Padri had their extremist version of <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia</a> law which they would implement through violent upheaval to replace the existing <i>Adat</i>. Historical accounts of the Padri War reveal several different ideologies. The most influential were by Tuanku Nan Tuo, Tuan Ku Nan Renceh, and Imam Bonjol. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Nan_Tuo" title="Tuanku Nan Tuo">Tuanku Nan Tuo</a> was a <a href="/wiki/Shattari" class="mw-redirect" title="Shattari">Shattari</a> <a href="/wiki/Sufi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi">Sufi</a> leader and reformist, not a Padri. He would convince villagers to rid their society of vices like cock-fighting, gambling, and opium. His methods would be through discussion, education, and also public protest. All the Padri leaders were once his students and he continuously disagreed with their extremist fanaticism and militant violence. In revenge for this insolence, the Padri attacked and burnt down numerous villages which were Shattari centers; instigated mass murder of the ulama and <i>rang cerdek</i> (intelligentsia) as well as rape and plunder. The Padri waged war against Nan Tuo's village of Koto Tuo from 1815. Nan Tuo's sons died in battle. Koto Tuo held on until the Dutch arrived in 1821.<sup id="cite_ref-Dobbin_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dobbin-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Nan_Renceh" title="Tuanku Nan Renceh">Tuanku Nan Renceh</a> was an extremist Wahabbi puritan. Nan Renceh with Tuan Ku Lintau and Tuan Ku Pasaman were at war with the <i>Adat</i> and would forbid cock-fighting, gambling, and sireh; and forced women to cover up. Any that disagreed with their interpretation of Islam were punishable by death. They grew wealthy by enslaving the population to grow coffee and other agriculture. While forcing residents to wear white and grow beards, they would wear red.<sup id="cite_ref-Dobbin_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dobbin-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Imam_Bonjol" class="mw-redirect" title="Imam Bonjol">Imam Bonjol</a> was a mystic, strategist, and visionary. Imam Bonjol with Tuan Ku Rao and Tuan Ku Tambusai were based in the northern areas where the Padri War evolved differently. Many in the north were early Padri sympathisers. While they were as militant and extremist as Nan Renceh initially, their roles were quite different. While Nan Renceh was punishing the <i>Adat</i> population, Imam Bonjol and Rao were developing trading routes and fortresses against the Dutch. He also enslaved the Batak people. In January 1824, he signed a peace treaty with the Dutch but a new commander arrived and dishonoured it. In 1831, Imam Bonjol attacked a Dutch garrison killing off 2 thirds of the soldiers. Later, as Imam Bonjol met numerous Hajj returnees who contested the Padri and Wahabbi extremism, he began to have misgivings, doubts, and regrets. By September 1832, Imam Bonjol was disillusioned and, perhaps seeking repentance, he walked out of his village fort and left the Padri.<sup id="cite_ref-Dobbin_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dobbin-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_Padri_War_1803–1825"><span id="First_Padri_War_1803.E2.80.931825"></span>First Padri War 1803–1825</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padri_War&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First Padri War 1803–1825"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beginning_1803-1821">Beginning 1803-1821</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padri_War&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Beginning 1803-1821"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Upon the return of three <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minangkabau_ulama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minangkabau ulama (page does not exist)">alim ulama</a> from <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> around 1803, namely <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haji_Miskin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haji Miskin (page does not exist)">Haji Miskin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haji_Sumanik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haji Sumanik (page does not exist)">Haji Sumanik</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haji_Piobang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haji Piobang (page does not exist)">Haji Piobang</a>, they expressed their wish to perfecting the application of Islamic law in <a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_culture" title="Minangkabau culture">Minangkabau</a> society.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Knowing this, <a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Nan_Renceh" title="Tuanku Nan Renceh">Tuanku Nan Renceh</a> was very interested and supported the wishes of the three scholars. Together with other scholars, these eight figures are known as Harimau Nan Salapan (Tigers of Eight).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Harimau Nan Salapan then asked <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuanku_Lintau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuanku Lintau (page does not exist)">Tuanku Lintau</a> who has closeness and kinship with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja_Pagaruyung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raja Pagaruyung (page does not exist)">Yang Dipertuan Pagaruyung</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muningsyah_of_Pagaruyung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muningsyah of Pagaruyung (page does not exist)">Sultan Arifin Muningsyah</a> to invite the Indigenous People to abandon several habits that are contrary to the teachings Islam. In several negotiations there was no agreement between the Padri and the Indigenous People. This conflict led to turmoil among several <a href="/wiki/Nagari_(settlement)" title="Nagari (settlement)">nagari</a> in the Pagaruyung Kingdom, until in 1815, the Padri under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Pasaman" title="Tuanku Pasaman">Tuanku Lintau</a> attacked the Pagaruyung Kingdom and war broke out in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koto_Tangah,_Tanjung_Emas,_Tanah_Datar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koto Tangah, Tanjung Emas, Tanah Datar (page does not exist)">Koto Tangah</a>. This attack caused <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultan_Arifin_Muningsyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultan Arifin Muningsyah (page does not exist)">Sultan Arifin Muningsyah</a> to be forced to step aside and flee the royal capital.<sup id="cite_ref-Aboe_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aboe-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notes of <a href="/wiki/Stamford_Raffles" title="Stamford Raffles">Thomas Stamford Raffles</a> who visited <a href="/wiki/Pagaruyung,_Tanjung_Emas,_Tanah_Datar" title="Pagaruyung, Tanjung Emas, Tanah Datar">Pagaruyung</a> in 1818, stated that he only found the remains of <a href="/wiki/Istano_Basa" class="mw-redirect" title="Istano Basa">Pagaruyung Royal Palace</a> which was burned down.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of the Dutch aid agreement, the Indigenous People surrendered the areas of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simawang,_Rambat,_Tanah_Datar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simawang, Rambat, Tanah Datar (page does not exist)">Simawang</a> and Sulit Air, by order of <a href="/wiki/Resident_minister" title="Resident minister">resident</a> James du Puy in <a href="/wiki/Padang" title="Padang">Padang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then on 8 December 1821 additional troops arrived led by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_Theodore_Raaff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine Theodore Raaff (page does not exist)">Lieutenant Colonel Raaff</a> to strengthen the position in the area that had been controlled. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Fort_van_der_Capellen_Sumatra%60s_Westkust_TMnr_60003554.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Fort_van_der_Capellen_Sumatra%60s_Westkust_TMnr_60003554.jpg/220px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Fort_van_der_Capellen_Sumatra%60s_Westkust_TMnr_60003554.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Fort_van_der_Capellen_Sumatra%60s_Westkust_TMnr_60003554.jpg/330px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Fort_van_der_Capellen_Sumatra%60s_Westkust_TMnr_60003554.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Fort_van_der_Capellen_Sumatra%60s_Westkust_TMnr_60003554.jpg/440px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Fort_van_der_Capellen_Sumatra%60s_Westkust_TMnr_60003554.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="494" /></a><figcaption><i>Fort van der Capellen</i></figcaption></figure> <p>On 4 March 1822, Dutch troops under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Raaff succeeded in pushing the Padri people out of Pagaruyung. Then the Dutch built a defensive fort in <a href="/wiki/Batusangkar" title="Batusangkar">Batusangkar</a> with the name <a href="/wiki/Fort_Van_der_Capellen" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Van der Capellen">Fort Van der Capellen</a>, while the Padri gathered strength and defended themselves in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lintau_Buo,_Tanah_Datar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lintau Buo, Tanah Datar (page does not exist)">Lintau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lange_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lange-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_of_Baso_(1822)"><span id="Battle_of_Baso_.281822.29"></span>Battle of Baso (1822)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padri_War&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Battle of Baso (1822)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 14 August 1822 Padri Ulama forces faced battle with Dutch forces, the Padri Ulama succeeded in defeating the Dutch and their commander was <a href="/wiki/Wounded_in_action" title="Wounded in action">wounded in action</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_of_Batusangkar_(1822)"><span id="Battle_of_Batusangkar_.281822.29"></span>Battle of Batusangkar (1822)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padri_War&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Battle of Batusangkar (1822)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Defeated by Padri Ulama Forces, the Dutch suffered heavy casualties and their commander was <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">killed in action</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_of_Lintau_(1823)"><span id="Battle_of_Lintau_.281823.29"></span>Battle of Lintau (1823)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padri_War&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Battle of Lintau (1823)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the Dutch obtained support they attacked Lintau but the Padri Ulama forces successfully defended, defeating the Dutch forces, causing them to withdraw to Batusangkar.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b><big>Battle of Bukittinggi (1824)</big></b> </p><p>Padri troops carried out a well-planned frontal attack, surprising the Dutch troops who were not fully prepared for a large-scale attack. </p><p><b><big>Battle of Sulit Air (1825)</big></b> </p><p>The Battle of Sulit Air was also one of the Padri's victories, where they succeeded in expelling the Dutch troops from the area </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Treaty_of_Masang">Treaty of Masang</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padri_War&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Treaty of Masang"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dutch involvement in the war came about because it was "in ited" by the Adat faction, and in April 1821, Dutch troops attacked <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simawang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simawang (page does not exist)">Simawang</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulit_Air&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulit Air (page does not exist)">Sulit Air</a> under captains Goffinet and Dienema on the orders of James du Puy, the Dutch Resident in <a href="/wiki/Padang" title="Padang">Padang</a>. Between 1821 and 1824, skirmishes broke out throughout the region, ended only by the Treaty of Masang. The war cooled down during the next six years, as the Dutch faced larger-scale uprisings in <a href="/wiki/Java_War" title="Java War">Java</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_Padri_War_1831–1838"><span id="Second_Padri_War_1831.E2.80.931838"></span>Second Padri War 1831–1838</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padri_War&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Second Padri War 1831–1838"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Fall_of_Luhak_Nan_Tigo_1831–1833"><span id="The_Fall_of_Luhak_Nan_Tigo_1831.E2.80.931833"></span>The Fall of Luhak Nan Tigo 1831–1833</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padri_War&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The Fall of Luhak Nan Tigo 1831–1833"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the end of the Diponegoro War and the restoration of Dutch East Indies power in Java, the Dutch East Indies government again tried to subdue the Padri. This is very much based on a strong desire to control coffee cultivation which is expanding in the interior of Minangkabau (the Darek region). Until the 19th century, coffee was one of the mainstay products of the Dutch in Europe. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christine_Dobbin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christine Dobbin (page does not exist)">Christine Dobbin</a> calls it more of a trade war, this is in line with the dynamics of social change in Minangkabau society in the twists and turns of trade in the interior and on the west coast or east coast. Meanwhile, on the one hand, the Dutch wanted to take over or have a monopoly.<sup id="cite_ref-Dobbin_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dobbin-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Furthermore, to weaken the opposing forces, the Dutch violated the ceasefire agreement by attacking the nagari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pandai_Sikek,_Sepuluh_Koto,_Tanah_Datar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pandai Sikek, Sepuluh Koto, Tanah Datar (page does not exist)">Pandai Sikek</a> which was one of the areas capable of producing gunpowder and firearms. Then to strengthen its position, the Dutch built a <a href="/wiki/Fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort">fort</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bukittinggi_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bukittinggi City (page does not exist)">Bukittinggi</a> which was known as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_de_Kock_(fort)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fort de Kock (fort) (page does not exist)">Fort de Kock</a>. At the beginning of August 1831, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lintau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lintau (page does not exist)">Lintau</a> was successfully conquered and put <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luhak_Tanah_Datar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luhak Tanah Datar (page does not exist)">Luhak Tanah Datar</a> under Dutch control. However, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuanku_Lintau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuanku Lintau (page does not exist)">Tuanku Lintau</a> still continued to fight from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luhak_Limo_Puluah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luhak Limo Puluah (page does not exist)">Luhak Limo Puluah</a> area. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Bezoek_van_de_gouverneur-generaal_aan_Fort_de_Kock_Sumatra_TMnr_10001575.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Bezoek_van_de_gouverneur-generaal_aan_Fort_de_Kock_Sumatra_TMnr_10001575.jpg/220px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Bezoek_van_de_gouverneur-generaal_aan_Fort_de_Kock_Sumatra_TMnr_10001575.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Bezoek_van_de_gouverneur-generaal_aan_Fort_de_Kock_Sumatra_TMnr_10001575.jpg/330px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Bezoek_van_de_gouverneur-generaal_aan_Fort_de_Kock_Sumatra_TMnr_10001575.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Bezoek_van_de_gouverneur-generaal_aan_Fort_de_Kock_Sumatra_TMnr_10001575.jpg/440px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Bezoek_van_de_gouverneur-generaal_aan_Fort_de_Kock_Sumatra_TMnr_10001575.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="521" /></a><figcaption>Preparations of Dutch troops at <i>Fort de Kock</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Meanwhile, when <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cornelis_Pieter_Jacob_Elout&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cornelis Pieter Jacob Elout (page does not exist)">Lieutenant Colonel Elout</a> carried out various attacks against <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Padri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Padri (page does not exist)">The Padri</a> between 1831 and 1832, he obtained additional strength from the troops of <a href="/wiki/Sentot_Prawirodirdjo" title="Sentot Prawirodirdjo">Sentot Prawirodirdjo</a>, one of the commanders of <a href="/wiki/Prince_Diponegoro" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Diponegoro">Prince Diponegoro</a> who had defected and served in the Dutch East Indies government after the war in Java ended. However, then <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cornelis_Pieter_Jacob_Elout&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cornelis Pieter Jacob Elout (page does not exist)">Lieutenant Colonel Elout</a> argued that the presence of <a href="/wiki/Sentot_Prawirodirdjo" title="Sentot Prawirodirdjo">Sentot</a> who was stationed in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lintau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lintau (page does not exist)">Lintau</a> actually created new problems. Several official Dutch documents prove that Sentot was guilty of conspiring with the Padri so that Sentot and his legions were then returned to Java. In Java, Sentot also failed to dispel Dutch suspicions about him and sent him back to Sumatra. Sentot was exiled and detained in Bengkulu, while his troops were disbanded and then recruited back into the Dutch army. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sentot,_opperbevelhebber_der_rebellen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Sentot%2C_opperbevelhebber_der_rebellen.jpg/170px-Sentot%2C_opperbevelhebber_der_rebellen.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Sentot%2C_opperbevelhebber_der_rebellen.jpg/255px-Sentot%2C_opperbevelhebber_der_rebellen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Sentot%2C_opperbevelhebber_der_rebellen.jpg/340px-Sentot%2C_opperbevelhebber_der_rebellen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2495" data-file-height="2791" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sentot_Prawirodirdjo" title="Sentot Prawirodirdjo">Sentot Prawirodirdjo</a>, illustrated by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Justus_Pieter_de_Veer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Justus Pieter de Veer (page does not exist)">Justus Pieter de Veer</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In July 1832, from <a href="/wiki/Batavia,_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Batavia, Dutch East Indies">Batavia</a> a large <a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a> force was sent under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Colonel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Colonel">Lieutenant Colonel</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_P._Vermeulen_Krieger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferdinand P. Vermeulen Krieger (page does not exist)">Ferdinand P. Vermeulen Krieger</a>, to speed up the completion of the war. In October 1832, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luak_Limo_Puluah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luak Limo Puluah (page does not exist)">Luhak Limo Puluah</a> was under Dutch rule at the same time as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuanku_Lintau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuanku Lintau (page does not exist)">Tuanku Lintau</a> died.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Padri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Padri (page does not exist)">The Padri</a> continued to consolidate and entrench themselves in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamang_Magek,_Agam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamang Magek, Agam (page does not exist)">Kamang</a>, but the entire strength of the Padri in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luhak_Agam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luhak Agam (page does not exist)">Luhak Agam</a> also was conquered by the Dutch after the fall of Kamang Magek, Agam Kamang at the end of 1832, so that the Padri were again forced to withdraw from Luak Luhak area and defend themselves in Bonjol. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consolidation_of_Indigenous_Peoples_and_Padri_1833">Consolidation of Indigenous Peoples and Padri 1833</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padri_War&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Consolidation of Indigenous Peoples and Padri 1833"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Adathoofden_van_de_Minangkabau_met_gevolg_TMnr_10026889.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Adathoofden_van_de_Minangkabau_met_gevolg_TMnr_10026889.jpg/200px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Adathoofden_van_de_Minangkabau_met_gevolg_TMnr_10026889.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Adathoofden_van_de_Minangkabau_met_gevolg_TMnr_10026889.jpg/300px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Adathoofden_van_de_Minangkabau_met_gevolg_TMnr_10026889.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Adathoofden_van_de_Minangkabau_met_gevolg_TMnr_10026889.jpg/400px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Adathoofden_van_de_Minangkabau_met_gevolg_TMnr_10026889.jpg 2x" data-file-width="686" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_People" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous People">Indigenous People</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Since <a href="/wiki/1833" title="1833">1833</a> a compromise began to emerge between <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_People" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous People">Indigenous People</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Padri_People&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Padri People (page does not exist)">Padri People</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 11 January 1833, several strongholds of the Dutch garrison were suddenly attacked, making the situation chaotic;<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mentioned there were around 139 European soldiers and hundreds of native soldiers were killed. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagagarsyah_from_Pagaruyung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bagagarsyah from Pagaruyung (page does not exist)">Sultan nggul Alam Bagagar</a> who was previously appointed by the Dutch as <i>Regent of Tanah Datar</i>, was captured by the troops of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cornelis_Pieter_Jacob_Elout&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cornelis Pieter Jacob Elout (page does not exist)">Lieutenant Colonel Elout</a> on 2 May 1833 in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batusangkar_(city)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batusangkar (city) (page does not exist)">Batusangkar</a> on charges of treason and exiled to Batavia. In Dutch records <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagagarsyah_of_Pagaruyung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bagagarsyah of Pagaruyung (page does not exist)">Sultan nggul Alam Bagagar</a> denied his involvement in the attack on several Dutch posts, but the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Indies" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Indies">Dutch Indies</a> government also did not want to take the risk of rejecting the reports from its officers. The position of <i>Regent of Tanah Datar</i> was then given to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuan_Gadang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuan Gadang (page does not exist)">Tuan Gadang</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batipuh,_Tanah_Datar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batipuh, Tanah Datar (page does not exist)">Batipuh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rusli_Amran_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rusli_Amran-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then the Dutch troops began conducting searches in several areas which were still the base of the Padri tribe. In January 1833, Dutch troops built a fortification in Padang Matinggi, but before they could strengthen their position, the fortification was attacked by the Padri under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Rao" title="Tuanku Rao">Tuanku Rao</a> which resulted in many Dutch casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in the battle at Air Bangis, on 29 January 1833, Tuanku Rao suffered serious injuries as a result of being hit by bullets. Then he was put on board the ship for exile. Not long after he was on the ship, Tuanku Rao met his death. It is suspected that his body was then thrown into the sea by Dutch soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Realizing this, now the Dutch are not only facing the Padri but the entire Minangkabau community. So the Dutch East Indies Government in 1833 issued an announcement called "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Long_Plaque&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Long Plaque (page does not exist)">Long Plaque</a>" containing a statement that the arrival of the Dutch to Minangkabau did not intend to control the country, they only came to trade and maintain security, the Minangkabau population would continue to be ruled by the Dutch East Indies, their <a href="/wiki/Tribal_chief" title="Tribal chief">chief</a> and are not required to pay <a href="/wiki/Tax" title="Tax">tax</a>. Then the Dutch argued that to maintain security, build roads, open schools, and so on required money, so the people were obliged to grow coffee and had to sell it to the Dutch. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attack_on_Bonjol_1833–1835"><span id="Attack_on_Bonjol_1833.E2.80.931835"></span>Attack on Bonjol 1833–1835</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padri_War&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Attack on Bonjol 1833–1835"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luitenant-kolonel-Raaff-voo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Luitenant-kolonel-Raaff-voo.jpg/220px-Luitenant-kolonel-Raaff-voo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Luitenant-kolonel-Raaff-voo.jpg/330px-Luitenant-kolonel-Raaff-voo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Luitenant-kolonel-Raaff-voo.jpg/440px-Luitenant-kolonel-Raaff-voo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3369" data-file-height="2222" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_Theodore_Raaff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine Theodore Raaff (page does not exist)">Lieutenant Colonel Raaff</a> and his troops, depicted by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Justus_Pieter_de_Veer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Justus Pieter de Veer (page does not exist)">Justus Pieter de Veer</a>. Raaff died before the end of the Padri War.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heldhaftig-gedrag-van-luite.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Heldhaftig-gedrag-van-luite.jpg/220px-Heldhaftig-gedrag-van-luite.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Heldhaftig-gedrag-van-luite.jpg/330px-Heldhaftig-gedrag-van-luite.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Heldhaftig-gedrag-van-luite.jpg/440px-Heldhaftig-gedrag-van-luite.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1804" data-file-height="1756" /></a><figcaption>Romanticism of heroism in the Padri War, illustrated by Justus Pieter de Veer.</figcaption></figure> <p>This war took a long time to complete, forcing <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of the Dutch East Indies">Governor General of the Dutch East Indies</a> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_van_den_Bosch" title="Johannes van den Bosch">Johannes van den Bosch</a> on 23 August 1833 to go to Padang to see up close the process of <a href="/wiki/Military_operations" class="mw-redirect" title="Military operations">military operations</a> carried out by Dutch troops .<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arriving in Padang, he held negotiations with <a href="/wiki/Commissioner" title="Commissioner">Commissioner</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pesisir_Barat_Sumatra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pesisir Barat Sumatra (page does not exist)">Pesisir Barat Sumatra</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carel_Jan_Riesz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carel Jan Riesz (page does not exist)">Major General Riesz</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cornelis_Pieter_Jacob_Elout&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cornelis Pieter Jacob Elout (page does not exist)">Lieutenant Colonel Elout</a> to immediately conquer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Bukit_Tajadi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fort Bukit Tajadi (page does not exist)">Fort Bonjol</a>, the command center of the Padri troops. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carel_Jan_Riesz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carel Jan Riesz (page does not exist)">Riesz</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cornelis_Pieter_Jacob_Elout&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cornelis Pieter Jacob Elout (page does not exist)">Elout</a> explained that the right time had not yet come to carry out a general attack on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Bukit_Tajadi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fort Bukit Tajadi (page does not exist)">Fort Bonjol</a>, because of the loyalty of the people of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luhak_Agam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luhak Agam (page does not exist)">Luhak Agam</a> is still doubtful and it is very possible that they will attack the Dutch troops from behind. But <a href="/wiki/Johannes_van_den_Bosch" title="Johannes van den Bosch">van den Bosch</a> insisted on immediately conquering Fort Bonjol no later than 10 September 1833, the two officers asked for a six-day delay so that the fall of Bonjol was expected on 16 September 1833. Even though the movement of Dutch troops towards Bonjol was still very slow, it took almost a month to approach the area <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alahan_Panjang,_Gumanti_Valley,_Solok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alahan Panjang, Gumanti Valley, Solok (page does not exist)">Alahan Panjang Valley</a>. As the leading <i>front</i> of Alahan Panjang is the area <a href="/w/index.php?title=Padang_Laweh,_Sungai_Pua,_Agam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Padang Laweh, Sungai Pua, Agam (page does not exist)">Padang Lawas</a> which is still fully controlled by <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Padri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Padri (page does not exist)">The Padri</a>. However, on 8 June 1835, Dutch troops succeeded in controlling this area. The very dense bushes and forests around Bonjol made it difficult for the Dutch troops to see the Padri strongholds. This situation was put to good use by the Padri to build a strategic stronghold, as well as being the main headquarters of Tuanku Imam Bonjol. The tactics of <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerilla attacks</a> applied by <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Padri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Padri (page does not exist)">The Padri</a> succeeded in slowing down the Dutch attack on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bukit_Tajadi_Fort&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bukit Tajadi Fort (page does not exist)">Fort Bonjol</a>, even in several resistances almost all of the Dutch troops' war equipment such as cannons and their supplies were able to recover. confiscated. Dutch troops could only carry <a href="/wiki/Weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Weapons">weapons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clothing" title="Clothing">clothing</a> attached to their hands and bodies. So on 21 September 1833, before the Governor General of the Dutch East Indies was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien_Baud" title="Jean Chrétien Baud">Jean Chrétien Baud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johannes_van_den_Bosch" title="Johannes van den Bosch">van den Bosch</a> made a report that the attack on Bonjol had failed and efforts were being made to consolidate for the next attack. During 1834, the Dutch focused on building roads and bridges leading to Bonjol, Pasaman|Bonjol by mobilizing thousands of forced laborers. This was done to facilitate the mobility of his troops in conquering Bonjol. Apart from that, the Dutch also continued to try to exert influence in several areas close to their strongholds. Then, on 11 June 1835, the Dutch troops moved again to the east of Batang Alahan Panjang and built a fortification there, while the Padri troops remained on standby on the other side. Dutch troops managed to approach Bonjol, Pasaman|Bonjol] within a distance of approximately only 250 steps at midnight on 16 June 1835, then they tried to build a fortification. Next, using houwitsers, mortars and cannons, the Dutch troops fired at Fort Bonjol. However, the Padri did not remain silent by firing cannons from Tajadi Hill. So with a less favorable position, the Dutch troops suffered many casualties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fort_Bonjol">Fort Bonjol</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padri_War&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Fort Bonjol"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bondjol2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Bondjol2.jpg/220px-Bondjol2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Bondjol2.jpg/330px-Bondjol2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Bondjol2.jpg/440px-Bondjol2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5133" data-file-height="2679" /></a><figcaption>Painting of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonjol,_Pasaman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bonjol, Pasaman (page does not exist)">Bonjol</a> in <a href="/wiki/1839" title="1839">1839</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Bukit_Tak_Jadi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fort Bukit Tak Jadi (page does not exist)">Fort Bonjol</a> is located on a <a href="/wiki/Hill" title="Hill">hill</a> which is almost straight up, known as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Bukit_Tajadi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fort Bukit Tajadi (page does not exist)">Bukit Tajadi</a>. Not so far from this fort flows <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batang_Alahan_Panjang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batang Alahan Panjang (page does not exist)">Batang Alahan Panjang</a>, a river in the middle of the valley with a fast flow, winding from north to south. This fort is shaped like a long rectangle, surrounded on three sides by two layers of defensive walls approximately 3 meters high. Between the two layers of wall a deep <a href="/wiki/Trench" title="Trench">trench</a> was made with a width of 4 meters. The outer wall consists of large <a href="/wiki/Stones" class="mw-redirect" title="Stones">stones</a> with almost the same construction technique as <a href="/wiki/Fortresses" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortresses">fortresses</a> in Europe and on top of it is planted <a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">bamboo</a> with long thorns which are planted very close together so that the Padri can observed and even fired cannons at the Dutch troops. The very dense bushes and forests around Bonjol made it difficult for the Dutch troops to see the Padri strongholds. This situation was put to good use by the Padri to build a strategic stronghold, as well as being the main headquarters of Tuanku Imam Bonjol. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Siege_of_Bonjol_1835–1837"><span id="Siege_of_Bonjol_1835.E2.80.931837"></span>Siege of Bonjol 1835–1837</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padri_War&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Siege of Bonjol 1835–1837"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aftocht_van_de_bezetting_van_Amerongen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Aftocht_van_de_bezetting_van_Amerongen.jpg/220px-Aftocht_van_de_bezetting_van_Amerongen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Aftocht_van_de_bezetting_van_Amerongen.jpg/330px-Aftocht_van_de_bezetting_van_Amerongen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Aftocht_van_de_bezetting_van_Amerongen.jpg/440px-Aftocht_van_de_bezetting_van_Amerongen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3360" data-file-height="2419" /></a><figcaption>The Fall of Tajadi Hill, illustrated by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Justus_Pieter_de_Veer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Justus Pieter de Veer (page does not exist)">Justus Pieter de Veer</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Seeing the strength of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Bukit_Tajadi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fort Bukit Tajadi (page does not exist)">Fort Bonjol</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch</a> troops tried to carry out a blockade against <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonjol,_Pasaman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bonjol, Pasaman (page does not exist)">Bonjol</a> with the aim of paralyzing the supply of food and weapons for the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Padri_Kaum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Padri Kaum (page does not exist)">Padri</a> troops. . This blockade turned out to be ineffective, because it was the Dutch troops' strongholds and supplies that were attacked by Padri troops in a guerilla manner. At the same time, all Padri troops began to arrive from areas that had been conquered by Dutch troops, namely from various countries in Minangkabau and surrounding areas. Everyone is determined to defend the Bonjol headquarters until the last drop of blood, live a noble life or die <a href="/wiki/Martyrdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Martyrdom">martyrdom</a>. Efforts to carry out an offensive attack on Bonjol were only made again after <a href="/wiki/Army" title="Army">army</a> reinforcements consisting of <a href="/wiki/Bugis" title="Bugis">Bugis</a> troops arrived, so in mid-August 1835 attacks began to be carried out against the Padri strongholds in Fort Fort. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bukit_Tajadi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bukit Tajadi (page does not exist)">Bukit Tajadi</a>, and these <a href="/wiki/Bugis" title="Bugis">Bugis</a> troops were at the front of the Dutch troops in capturing one by one the strategic strongholds of the Padri people around Bukit Tajadi.<sup id="cite_ref-Cochius_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cochius-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, until early September 1835, the Dutch troops had not succeeded in controlling Mount Tajadi, instead on 5 September 1835, <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Padri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Padri (page does not exist)">The Padri</a> came out of their strongholds and stormed outside the fort destroying the Dutch fortifications built around Mount Tajadi. After the attack, the Padri troops immediately returned to Bonjol Fort. On 9 September 1835, Dutch troops tried to attack from the direction of Luhak Limo Puluah and Padang Bubus, but the results failed, even causing many losses to the Dutch troops. Lieutenant Colonel Bauer, one of the commanders of the Dutch troops, suffered from illness and was forced to be sent to Bukittinggi and then his position was replaced by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franciscus_Fredericus_Prager&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franciscus Fredericus Prager (page does not exist)">Major Prager</a>. The protracted blockade and the courage of the Padri, aroused the courage of the surrounding people to rebel and attack the Dutch troops, so that on 11 December 1835, the people of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simpang_Alahan_Mati,_Pasaman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simpang Alahan Mati, Pasaman (page does not exist)">Simpang and Alahan Mati</a> took up arms and attacked the strongholds. Dutch defense. </p><p> The Dutch troops were unable to overcome this resistance. However, after assistance arrived from <a href="/wiki/Madura_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Madura Island">Madura</a> soldiers who served in the Dutch troops, this resistance was overcome.</p><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cochius,_FD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Cochius%2C_FD.jpg/170px-Cochius%2C_FD.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Cochius%2C_FD.jpg/255px-Cochius%2C_FD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Cochius%2C_FD.jpg/340px-Cochius%2C_FD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="874" data-file-height="1158" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans_David_Cochius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frans David Cochius (page does not exist)">Frans David Cochius</a>, commander conquest of Fort Bonjol.</figcaption></figure> <p>Almost a year after besieging Bonjol, on 3 December 1836, Dutch troops again carried out a large-scale attack on Fort Bonjol, as a final attempt to conquer Bonjol. This powerful attack was able to breach part of Fort Bonjol, so that Dutch troops could invade and succeed in killing several families of <a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Imam_Bonjol" title="Tuanku Imam Bonjol">Tuanku Imam Bonjol</a>. However, with tenacity and high fighting spirit, the Padri again managed to ravage the enemy so that the Dutch were expelled and forced to leave the fort again, leaving behind many casualties on each side. The failure of this conquest really hit the policy of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor_General_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Governor General of the Dutch East Indies (page does not exist)">Governor General of the Dutch East Indies</a> in <a href="/wiki/Batavia,_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Batavia, Dutch East Indies">Batavia</a> which at that time had been held by <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Jacques_de_Eerens" title="Dominique Jacques de Eerens">Dominique Jacques de Eerens</a>, then at the beginning of 1837 he sent a warlord named <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans_David_Cochius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frans David Cochius (page does not exist)">Major General Cochius</a> to directly lead a massive attack on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Bukit_Tajadi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fort Bukit Tajadi (page does not exist)">Fort Bonjol</a> for the umpteenth time.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cochius was a high-ranking Dutch officer who had expertise in the war strategy of <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Stelsel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fort Stelsel (page does not exist)">Fort Stelsel</a></i>. Next, the Dutch intensively surrounded <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonjol,_Pasaman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bonjol, Pasaman (page does not exist)">Bonjol</a> from all directions for about six months (16 March–17 August 1837)<sup id="cite_ref-Teitler_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Teitler-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> led by a general and several officers. This joint army mostly consisted of various tribes, such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Java_Tribe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Java Tribe (page does not exist)">Java</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Madura_Tribe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madura Tribe (page does not exist)">Madura</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bugis_Tribe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bugis Tribe (page does not exist)">Bugis</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambon_Tribe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ambon Tribe (page does not exist)">Ambon</a>. There were 148 officers <a href="/w/index.php?title=European-Indonesian_Tribe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European-Indonesian Tribe (page does not exist)">European</a>, 36 officers <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous-Nusantara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indigenous-Nusantara (page does not exist)">indigenous</a>, 1,103 soldiers <a href="/w/index.php?title=European-Indonesian_Tribe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European-Indonesian Tribe (page does not exist)">European</a>, 4,130 soldiers <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous-Nusantara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indigenous-Nusantara (page does not exist)">indigenous</a>, including <i>Sumenapsche hulptroepen hieronder begrepen</i> (auxiliary troops of Sumenap aka Madura). In the list of names of Dutch troop officers include <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans_David_Cochius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frans David Cochius (page does not exist)">Majjen Cochius</a>, Lieutenant Colonel Bauer, Major Sous, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franciscus_Fredericus_Prager&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franciscus Fredericus Prager (page does not exist)">Major Prager</a>, Captain MacLean, Lieutenant van der Tak, Peltu Steinmetz, etc. Then there are also "Inlandsche" (indigenous) names such as Kapitein Noto Prawiro, Indlandsche Lieutenant Prawiro di Logo, Karto Wongso Wiro Redjo, Prawiro Sentiko, Prawiro Brotto, Merto Poero and others. From Batavia, additional Dutch troops were imported, who arrived on 20 July 1837 on the Perle Ship in Padang, a number of Europeans and Sepoys, soldiers from Africa who served in the Dutch army, recruited from Ghana and Mali, consisting of 1 sergeant, 4 corporaals and 112 flankeurs, and led by Kapitein Sinninghe. Waves and continuous attacks and rain of bullets from artillery troops armed with large cannons, for approximately 6 months, as well as infantry and cavalry troops who continued to arrive. On 3 August 1837, led by Lieutenant Colonel Michiels as the foremost field commander, he began to control the situation little by little, and finally on 15 August 1837, Tajadi Hill fell, and on 16 August 1837, Fort Bonjol was completely conquered. However, Tuanku Imam Bonjol was able to withdraw from the fort accompanied by several of his followers and continued towards the Marapak area. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact">Impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padri_War&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the victory, the Dutch tightened their hold on West Sumatra. Yet, the traditional and religious leaders increasingly reconciled their visions after the war. This helped promulgating the new view of "<i>adat basandi syara', syara' basandi Kitabullah</i>" ("tradition founded upon <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> law, Islamic law founded upon the <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a>"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padri_War&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Padri_War" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Padri War">Padri War</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruit_van_Bonjol" title="Ruit van Bonjol">Ruit van Bonjol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Imam_Bonjol" title="Tuanku Imam Bonjol">Tuanku Imam Bonjol</a>, leader in the Padri movement</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padri_War&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sjafnir Aboe Nain, 2004, <i>Memorie Tuanku Imam Bonjol (MTIB)</i>, transl., Padang: PPIM.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The port where they embarked and disembarked, Pedir, Sumatra, gave them their name.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dobbin-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dobbin_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dobbin_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dobbin_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dobbin_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dobbin_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDobbin1983" class="citation book cs1">Dobbin, Christine (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islamicrevivalism/page/n145/mode/2up"><i>Islamic Revivalism in a Changing Peasant Economy : Central Sumatra, 1784-1847</i></a>. Scandinavian Institute of Asian Studies : Monograph Series. Vol. 47. Wellingborough, Northamptonshire, UK: Curzon Press. pp. 117–192. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0700701559" title="Special:BookSources/0700701559"><bdi>0700701559</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Revivalism+in+a+Changing+Peasant+Economy+%3A+Central+Sumatra%2C+1784-1847&rft.place=Wellingborough%2C+Northamptonshire%2C+UK&rft.series=Scandinavian+Institute+of+Asian+Studies+%3A+Monograph+Series&rft.pages=117-192&rft.pub=Curzon+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0700701559&rft.aulast=Dobbin&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fislamicrevivalism%2Fpage%2Fn145%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APadri+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett2013" class="citation book cs1">Bennett, Clinton (2013). <i>The Bloomsbury Companion to Islamic Studies</i>. London, UK: Bloomsbury. p. 180. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-2788-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-2788-4"><bdi>978-1-4411-2788-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bloomsbury+Companion+to+Islamic+Studies&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pages=180&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4411-2788-4&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Clinton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APadri+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Azra, Azyumardi (2004). <i>The Origins of Islamic Reformism in Southeast Asia: Networks of Malay-Indonesian and Middle Eastern 'Ulama' in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries</i>. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-8248-2848-8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ampera Salim, Zulkifli (2005). <i>Minangkabau in Scattered Historical Records</i>. Indonesian Cultural Image. ISBN 979-3458-03-8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aboe-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Aboe_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nain, Sjafnir Aboe (2004). <i>Memorie Tuanku Imam Bonjol</i>. Padang: PPIM.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raffles, Sophia (1830). <i>Memoir of the Life and Public Service of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles</i>. London: J. Murray</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Episoden Uit Geschiedenis der Nederlandsche Krigsverrigtingen op Sumatra's Westkus</i>. Indisch Magazijn 12/1, No. 7. 1844:116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lange-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lange_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">H. M. Lange (1852). <i>Het Nederlandsch Oost-Indisch leger ter Westkust van Sumatra (1819-1845)</i>. ‘S Hertogenbosch: Gebroeder Muller. I: 20-1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://regional.kompas.com/read/2022/07/20/183104878/sejarah-perang-padri-tokoh-penyebab-kronologi-dan-dampak?page=all">"Sejarah Perang Padri: Tokoh, Penyebab, Kronologi, dan Dampak"</a>. <i>Kompas - jernih melihat dunia</i> (in Indonesian). 20 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kompas+-+jernih+melihat+dunia&rft.atitle=Sejarah+Perang+Padri%3A+Tokoh%2C+Penyebab%2C+Kronologi%2C+dan+Dampak.&rft.date=2022-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fregional.kompas.com%2Fread%2F2022%2F07%2F20%2F183104878%2Fsejarah-perang-padri-tokoh-penyebab-kronologi-dan-dampak%3Fpage%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APadri+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://regional.kompas.com/read/2022/07/20/183104878/sejarah-perang-padri-tokoh-penyebab-kronologi-dan-dampak?page=all">"Sejarah Perang Padri: Tokoh, Penyebab, Kronologi, dan Dampak"</a>. <i>Kompas - Jernih melihat dunia</i> (in Indonesian). 20 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kompas+-+Jernih+melihat+dunia&rft.atitle=Sejarah+Perang+Padri%3A+Tokoh%2C+Penyebab%2C+Kronologi%2C+dan+Dampak.&rft.date=2022-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fregional.kompas.com%2Fread%2F2022%2F07%2F20%2F183104878%2Fsejarah-perang-padri-tokoh-penyebab-kronologi-dan-dampak%3Fpage%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APadri+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.agamkab.go.id/Agamkab/detailkarya/667/perang-padri-sebagai-revolusi-rakyat-minang-kabau--dalam-memeluk-agama-islam.html">"PERANG PADRI SEBAGAI REVOLUSI RAKYAT MINANG KABAU DALAM MEMELUK AGAMA ISLAM"</a>. <i>Pemerintah Kabupaten Agam</i> (in Indonesian). 22 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pemerintah+Kabupaten+Agam&rft.atitle=PERANG+PADRI+SEBAGAI+REVOLUSI+RAKYAT+MINANG+KABAU+DALAM+MEMELUK+AGAMA+ISLAM&rft.date=2023-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.agamkab.go.id%2FAgamkab%2Fdetailkarya%2F667%2Fperang-padri-sebagai-revolusi-rakyat-minang-kabau--dalam-memeluk-agama-islam.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APadri+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Kepper, 1900, <i>Wapenfeiten van het Nederlands Indische Leger; 1816-1900</i>, M.M. Cuvee, Den Haag.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zakariya, Hafiz (2006). <i>Islamic reform in colonial Malaya: Shaykh Tahir Jalaluddin and Sayyid Shaykh al-Hadi</i>. ProQuest. ISBN 0-542-86357-X.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Abdullah, Taufik (1966). <i>Tradition and Islam: an Examination of Conflict in Minangkabau</i>. Indonesia. No. 2, 1-24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nederlandse Staatscourant (29-05-1833).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rusli_Amran-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rusli_Amran_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmran1981" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusli_Amran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rusli Amran (page does not exist)">Amran, Rusli</a> (1981). <i>Sumatera Barat hingga Plakat Panjang</i>. Penerbit Sinar Harapan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sumatera+Barat+hingga+Plakat+Panjang&rft.pub=Penerbit+Sinar+Harapan&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Amran&rft.aufirst=Rusli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APadri+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nederlandse Staatscourant (17 -06-1833).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Said, Mohammad (1961). <i>From the detached pages in the notes about the character Singamangaradja XII</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alert_(newspaper)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alert (newspaper) (page does not exist)">Alert</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Indonesian Army Military History Center (1964). <i>A Brief History of the Armed Struggle of the Indonesian Nation</i>. Armed Forces Staff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cochius-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cochius_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Journaal van de Expeditie Naar Padang Onder de Generaal-Majoor Cochius in 1837 Gehouden Door de Majoor Sous-Chief van Den Generaal-Staf Jonkher C.P.A. de Salis</i>. p. 59-183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tate, D. J. M. (1971). <i>The Making of Modern South-East Asia: The European conquest</i>. Oxford University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Teitler-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Teitler_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Teitler (2004). <i>Het Einde Padri Oorlog: Het Beleg en de Vermeestering van Bondjol 1834-1837: Een Bronnenpublicatie</i>. Amsterdam: De Bataafsche Leeuw. p. 59-183.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padri_War&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDobbin1983" class="citation book cs1">Dobbin, Christine (1983). <i>Islamic Revivalism in a Changing Peasant Economy: Central Sumatra, 1784-1847</i>. Curzon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7007-0155-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7007-0155-9"><bdi>0-7007-0155-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Revivalism+in+a+Changing+Peasant+Economy%3A+Central+Sumatra%2C+1784-1847&rft.pub=Curzon+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-7007-0155-9&rft.aulast=Dobbin&rft.aufirst=Christine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APadri+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Ricklefs, M. C. (1993) <i>A History of Modern Indonesia since c. 1300.</i> 2d ed. (London: Macmillan), 1993.</li> <li>Tarling, Nicholas, (ed.) <i>The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia,</i>, vol. II " The Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries" (Cambridge University Press) 1992.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Minangkabau" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Minangkabau" title="Template:Minangkabau"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Minangkabau" title="Template talk:Minangkabau"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Minangkabau" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Minangkabau"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Minangkabau" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_people" title="Minangkabau people">Minangkabau</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General history</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_Highlands" title="Minangkabau Highlands">Minangkabau homelands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharmasraya" title="Dharmasraya">Dharmasraya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagaruyung_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagaruyung Kingdom">Pagaruyung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Minangkabau" title="Overseas Minangkabau">Minangkabau diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_Malaysians" title="Minangkabau Malaysians">Minangkabau Malaysians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">The formation of Negeri Sembilan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Padri War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Indonesia" title="Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia">The role of Minangkabau in PRRI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_culture" title="Minangkabau culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adat" title="Adat">Adat</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_(legend)" title="Minangkabau (legend)">etymology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malin_Kundang" title="Malin Kundang">Malin Kundang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabai_Nan_Aluih" title="Sabai Nan Aluih">Sabai Nan Aluih</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_marriage" title="Minangkabau marriage">Minangkabau marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Minangkabau cuisine">Minangkabau cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makan_bajamba" title="Makan bajamba">Makan bajamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_music" title="Minangkabau music">Minangkabau music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rebab" title="Rebab">Rabab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saluang" title="Saluang">Saluang/Minangkabau Ney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talempong" title="Talempong">Talempong/Caklempong</a></li></ul></li> <li>Minangkabau dance <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candle_dance" title="Candle dance">Lilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piring_dance" title="Piring dance">Piring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indang_(dance)" title="Indang (dance)">Indang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasambahan_dance" title="Pasambahan dance">Pasambahan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_businesspeople" title="Minangkabau businesspeople">Minangkabau merchants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randai" title="Randai">Randai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silat" title="Silat">Silek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surau" title="Surau">Surau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabuik" title="Tabuik">Tabuik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songket" title="Songket">Songket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songket_Minangkabau" class="mw-redirect" title="Songket Minangkabau">Songket Minangkabau</a></li> <li>Minangkabau architecture <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rumah_gadang" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumah gadang">Rumah gadang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangkiang" title="Rangkiang">Rangkiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balairung" title="Balairung">Balairung</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantun" title="Pantun">Pantun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagari_(settlement)" title="Nagari (settlement)">Nagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubalang" title="Dubalang">Dubalang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_language" title="Minangkabau language">Minangkabau</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Jamee_language" title="Jamee language">Jamee </a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kampar_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kampar language (page does not exist)">Kampar</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuantan_language_(Indonesia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuantan language (Indonesia) (page does not exist)">Kuantan</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Mukomuko_language" title="Mukomuko language">Mukomuko</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Pesisir_language" title="Pesisir language">Pesisir</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_West_Sumatra" title="Islam in West Sumatra">Islam in West Sumatra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Minangkabau_clans" title="List of Minangkabau clans">Tribes and clans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_clans" title="Minangkabau clans">Minangkabau clans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adat_perpatih" title="Adat perpatih">Bodi-Chaniago system</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adat_katumanggungan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adat katumanggungan (page does not exist)">Koto-Piliang system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawa_(tribe)" title="Rawa (tribe)">Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakai_(Indonesia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakai (Indonesia)">Sakai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related<br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_Culture_Documentation_and_Information_Center" title="Minangkabau Culture Documentation and Information Center">Minangkabau Culture Documentation and Information Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adityawarman_Museum" title="Adityawarman Museum">Adityawarman Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orkes_Gumarang" title="Orkes Gumarang">Orkes Gumarang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Minangkabau" title="Category:Minangkabau">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Islam_in_Indonesia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Template:Islam in Indonesia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Template talk:Islam in Indonesia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islam in Indonesia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Islam_in_Indonesia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Islam in Indonesia">Islam in Indonesia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Branches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Shia Islam in Indonesia">Shia Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Indonesia" title="Ahmadiyya in Indonesia">Ahmadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kejaw%C3%A8n" title="Kejawèn">Kejawèn</a></li> <li>Old divisions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abangan" title="Abangan">Abangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priyayi" title="Priyayi">Priyayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santri" title="Santri">Santri</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Istiqlal_Mosque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Grand_Istiqlal_Mosque.jpg/60px-Grand_Istiqlal_Mosque.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Grand_Istiqlal_Mosque.jpg/90px-Grand_Istiqlal_Mosque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Grand_Istiqlal_Mosque.jpg/120px-Grand_Istiqlal_Mosque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4208" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classic era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Arsyad_al-Banjari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari (page does not exist)">Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Arsyad_al-Banjari" class="extiw" title="id:Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari">id</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nawawi_al-Bantani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nawawi al-Bantani (page does not exist)">Nawawi al-Bantani</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawawi_al-Bantani" class="extiw" title="id:Nawawi al-Bantani">id</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamzah_Fansuri" title="Hamzah Fansuri">Hamzah Fansuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Yusuf" title="Sheikh Yusuf">Yusuf al-Makassari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malikussaleh" title="Malikussaleh">Malikussaleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_al-Khalidi_al-Minangkabawi" title="Ismail al-Khalidi al-Minangkabawi">Ismail al-Khalidi al-Minangkabawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_al-Misri" title="Abdullah al-Misri">Abdullah al-Misri</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Padri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Imam_Bonjol" title="Tuanku Imam Bonjol">Tuanku Imam Bonjol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Rao" title="Tuanku Rao">Tuanku Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Tambusai" title="Tuanku Tambusai">Tuanku Tambusai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdus_Samad_al-Palimbani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdus Samad al-Palimbani (page does not exist)">Abdus Samad al-Palimbani</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Samad_al-Palimbani" class="extiw" title="id:Abdus Samad al-Palimbani">id</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wali_Sanga" title="Wali Sanga">Wali Sanga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Ampel" title="Sunan Ampel">Sunan Ampel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Bonang" title="Sunan Bonang">Sunan Bonang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Drajat" title="Sunan Drajat">Sunan Drajat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Giri" title="Sunan Giri">Sunan Giri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Gunung_Jati" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunan Gunung Jati">Sunan Gunung Jati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_Ibrahim" title="Malik Ibrahim">Maulana Malik Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Kalijaga" title="Sunan Kalijaga">Sunan Kalijaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Kudus" title="Sunan Kudus">Sunan Kudus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Murya" title="Sunan Murya">Sunan Murya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rauf_al-Sinkili" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Rauf al-Sinkili">Abdurrauf Singkil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Mughayat_Syah" title="Ali Mughayat Syah">Ali Mughayat Syah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Nan_Tuo" title="Tuanku Nan Tuo">Tuanku Nan Tuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burhanuddin_Ulakan" title="Burhanuddin Ulakan">Burhanuddin Ulakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usman_bin_Yahya" title="Usman bin Yahya">Usman bin Yahya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National <br />Awakening era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Ahmad_(ulama)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah Ahmad (ulama)">Abdullah Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Karim_Amrullah" title="Abdul Karim Amrullah">Abdul Karim Amrullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasyim_Asy%27ari" title="Hasyim Asy'ari">Hasyim Asy'ari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Dahlan" title="Ahmad Dahlan">Ahmad Dahlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahir_bin_Jalaluddin" title="Tahir bin Jalaluddin">Tahir bin Jalaluddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Jamil_Jambek" title="Muhammad Jamil Jambek">Muhammad Jamil Jambek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mas_Mansoer" title="Mas Mansoer">Mas Mansoer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Khatib_al-Minangkabawi" title="Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi">Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_Misbach" class="mw-redirect" title="Haji Misbach">Haji Misbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulaiman_ar-Rasuli" title="Sulaiman ar-Rasuli">Sulaiman ar-Rasuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Roem" title="Mohammad Roem">Mohammad Roem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasuna_Said" title="Rasuna Said">Rasuna Said</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agus_Salim" title="Agus Salim">Agus Salim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oemar_Said_Tjokroaminoto" title="Oemar Said Tjokroaminoto">Tjokroaminoto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-<br />independence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Syafi%27i_Maarif" title="Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif">Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azyumardi_Azra" title="Azyumardi Azra">Azyumardi Azra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakar_Bashir" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Bakar Bashir">Abu Bakar Bashir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idham_Chalid" title="Idham Chalid">Idham Chalid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djohan_Effendi" title="Djohan Effendi">Djohan Effendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Gymnastiar" title="Abdullah Gymnastiar">Abdullah Gymnastiar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamka" title="Hamka">Hamka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahid_Hasyim" title="Wahid Hasyim">Wahid Hasyim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekarmadji_Maridjan_Kartosoewirjo" title="Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosoewirjo">Kartosoewirjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurcholish_Madjid" title="Nurcholish Madjid">Nurcholish Madjid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harun_Nasution" title="Harun Nasution">Harun Nasution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Natsir" title="Mohammad Natsir">Mohammad Natsir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amien_Rais" title="Amien Rais">Amien Rais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Rizieq_Shihab" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Rizieq Shihab">Muhammad Rizieq Shihab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quraish_Shihab" title="Quraish Shihab">Quraish Shihab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27ruf_Amin" title="Ma'ruf Amin">Ma'ruf Amin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Said_Aqil_Siradj" title="Said Aqil Siradj">Said Aqil Siradj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Somad" title="Abdul Somad">Abdul Somad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdurrahman_Wahid" title="Abdurrahman Wahid">Abdurrahman Wahid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazid_bin_Abdul_Qadir_Jawas" title="Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas">Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Luthfi_bin_Yahya" title="Muhammad Luthfi bin Yahya">Muhammad Luthfi bin Yahya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civil society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alkhairaat" title="Alkhairaat">Alkhairaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campus_Dakwah_Institute" title="Campus Dakwah Institute">Campus Dakwah Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidayatullah_(Islamic_organization)" title="Hidayatullah (Islamic organization)">Hidayatullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hizbut_Tahrir_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia">Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Association_of_Muslim_Intellectuals" title="Indonesian Association of Muslim Intellectuals">Indonesian Association of Muslim Intellectuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia_Institute_of_Islamic_Dawah" title="Indonesia Institute of Islamic Dawah">Indonesia Institute of Islamic Dawah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Islamic_Propagation_Council" title="Indonesian Islamic Propagation Council">Indonesian Islamic Propagation Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Mujahedeen_Council" title="Indonesian Mujahedeen Council">Indonesian Mujahedeen Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Ulema_Council" title="Indonesian Ulema Council">Indonesian Ulema Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Irshad_Al-Islamiya" title="Al-Irshad Al-Islamiya">Al-Irshad Al-Islamiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Defenders_Front" title="Islamic Defenders Front">Islamic Defenders Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaringan_Islam_Liberal" title="Jaringan Islam Liberal">Liberal Islam Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majelis_Rasulullah" title="Majelis Rasulullah">Majelis Rasulullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammadiyah" title="Muhammadiyah">Muhammadiyah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aisyiyah" title="Aisyiyah">Aisyiyah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Students%27_Association_(Indonesia)" title="Muslim Students' Association (Indonesia)">Muslim Students' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahdlatul_Ulama" title="Nahdlatul Ulama">Nahdlatul Ulama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansor_Youth_Movement" title="Ansor Youth Movement">GP Ansor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jam%27iyyah_Ahlith_Thariqah_al-Mu%27tabarah_an-Nahdliyyah" title="Jam'iyyah Ahlith Thariqah al-Mu'tabarah an-Nahdliyyah">JATMAN</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahdlatul_Wathan" title="Nahdlatul Wathan">Nahdlatul Wathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PERSIS_(organization)" title="PERSIS (organization)">PERSIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Education_Movement" title="Islamic Education Movement">PERTI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Rabithah_al-Alawiyyah" title="Al-Rabithah al-Alawiyyah">Rabithah Alawiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarekat_Islam" title="Sarekat Islam">Sarekat Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumatera_Thawalib" title="Sumatera Thawalib">Sumatera Thawalib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahdah_Islamiyah" title="Wahdah Islamiyah">Wahdah Islamiyah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crescent_Star_Party_(Indonesia)" title="Crescent Star Party (Indonesia)">Crescent Star Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Nahdlatul_Community_Party" title="Indonesian Nahdlatul Community Party">Indonesian Nahdlatul Community Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masyumi_Party" title="Masyumi Party">Masyumi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Awakening_Party" title="National Awakening Party">National Awakening Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Mandate_Party" title="National Mandate Party">National Mandate Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosperous_Justice_Party" title="Prosperous Justice Party">Prosperous Justice Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ummah_Party" title="Ummah Party">Ummah Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Development_Party" title="United Development Party">United Development Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Militia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banser" title="Banser">Banser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darul_Islam_(Indonesia)" title="Darul Islam (Indonesia)">Darul Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaah_Ansharut_Tauhid" title="Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid">Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaah_Islamiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamaah Islamiyah">Jamaah Islamiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laskar_Jihad" title="Laskar Jihad">Laskar Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujahidin_Indonesia_Timur" class="mw-redirect" title="Mujahidin Indonesia Timur">Mujahidin Indonesia Timur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-<br />independence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Spread of Islam in Indonesia">Spread of Islam in Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_embassy_to_Aceh" title="Ottoman embassy to Aceh">Ottoman embassy to Aceh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wali_Sanga" title="Wali Sanga">Wali Sanga</a></li> <li>Islamic Kingdoms in Indonesia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aceh_Sultanate" title="Aceh Sultanate">Aceh Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demak_Sultanate" title="Demak Sultanate">Demak Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kaimana" title="Kingdom of Kaimana">Kingdom of Kaimana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gowa_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Gowa Sultanate">Gowa Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malacca_Sultanate" title="Malacca Sultanate">Malacca Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mataram_Sultanate" title="Mataram Sultanate">Mataram Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samudera_Pasai_Sultanate" title="Samudera Pasai Sultanate">Samudera Pasai Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Ternate" title="Sultanate of Ternate">Ternate Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Tidore" title="Sultanate of Tidore">Tidore Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta_Sultanate" title="Yogyakarta Sultanate">Yogyakarta Sultanate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Padri War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-<br />independence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_Charter" title="Jakarta Charter">Jakarta Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petition_of_Fifty" title="Petition of Fifty">Petition of Fifty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Priok_massacre" title="Tanjung Priok massacre">Tanjung Priok massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talangsari_incident" title="Talangsari incident">Talangsari incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Aceh" title="Insurgency in Aceh">Insurgency in Aceh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maluku_sectarian_conflict" title="Maluku sectarian conflict">Maluku sectarian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poso_riots" title="Poso riots">Poso riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatwa_on_Religious_Pluralism,_Liberalism,_and_Secularism" title="Fatwa on Religious Pluralism, Liberalism, and Secularism">Fatwa on Religious Pluralism, Liberalism, and Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Madago_Raya" title="Operation Madago Raya">Operation Tinombala / Madago Raya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2016_Jakarta_protests" title="December 2016 Jakarta protests">December 2016 Jakarta protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adat" title="Adat">Adat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque_architecture_in_Indonesia" title="Mosque architecture in Indonesia">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedug" title="Bedug">Bedug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajug" title="Tajug">Tajug</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Babad_Tanah_Jawi" title="Babad Tanah Jawi">Babad Tanah Jawi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Indonesia#Clothing" title="Islam in Indonesia">Costumes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kupiah" title="Kupiah">Kupiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songkok" title="Songkok">Songkok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarong" title="Sarong">Sarong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha%E1%B8%8Dra" title="Haḍra">Hadroh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khaul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khaul (page does not exist)">Khaul</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haul_(Islam)" class="extiw" title="id:Haul (Islam)">id</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kauman" title="Kauman">Kauman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebaran" title="Lebaran">Lebaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manaqib" title="Manaqib">Manakiban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawlid" title="Mawlid">Maulid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mosques_in_Indonesia" title="List of mosques in Indonesia">Mosques</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istiqlal_Mosque,_Jakarta" title="Istiqlal Mosque, Jakarta">Istiqlal Mosque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musabaqah_Tilawatil_Quran" title="Musabaqah Tilawatil Quran">Musabaqah Tilawatil Quran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Indonesia#Qasidah_modern" title="Music of Indonesia">Qasidah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebana" title="Rebana">Rebana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salawat" title="Salawat">Sholawatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saman_(dance)" title="Saman (dance)">Saman</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Banten" title="Sejarah Banten">Sejarah Banten</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekaten" title="Sekaten">Sekaten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serak_Gulo" title="Serak Gulo">Serak Gulo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slametan" title="Slametan">Slametan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suroan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suroan (page does not exist)">Suroan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suroan" class="extiw" title="id:Suroan">id</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suronan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suronan (page does not exist)">Suronan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_Suronan" class="extiw" title="id:Festival Suronan">id</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabligh_Akbar" title="Tabligh Akbar">Tabligh Akbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabuik" title="Tabuik">Tabuik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahlil" title="Tahlil">Tahlilan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Takbiran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Takbiran (page does not exist)">Takbiran</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takbiran" class="extiw" title="id:Takbiran">id</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tausiyah" title="Tausiyah">Tausiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirakatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tirakatan (page does not exist)">Tirakatan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirakat" class="extiw" title="id:Tirakat">id</a>]</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tombo_Ati" title="Tombo Ati">Tombo Ati</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetu_Telu" title="Wetu Telu">Wetu Telu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqowiyu" title="Yaqowiyu">Yaqowiyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya-Sin" title="Ya-Sin">Yasinan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Munir" title="Al-Munir">Al-Munir</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iqro" title="Iqro">Iqro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Kheir" title="Jamiat Kheir">Jamiat Kheir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitab_kuning" title="Kitab kuning">Kitab kuning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kota_santri" title="Kota santri">Kota santri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyai" title="Kyai">Kyai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LIPIA" title="LIPIA">LIPIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesantren" title="Pesantren">Pesantren</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tafsir_Al-Mishbah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tafsir Al-Mishbah">Tafsir Al-Mishbah</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_Nusantara" title="Islam Nusantara">Islam Nusantara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_Yes,_Islamic_Party_No" title="Islam Yes, Islamic Party No">Islam Yes, Islamic Party No</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_criminal_law_in_Aceh" title="Islamic criminal law in Aceh">Islamic criminal law in Aceh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablighi_Jamaat" title="Tablighi Jamaat">Jama’ah Tabligh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jemaah_Tarbiyah" title="Jemaah Tarbiyah">Jemaah Tarbiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism_(Islam_in_Indonesia)" title="Modernism (Islam in Indonesia)">Modernist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalism_(Islam_in_Indonesia)" title="Traditionalism (Islam in Indonesia)">Traditionalist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Aceh" title="Islam in Aceh">Aceh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_West_Sumatra" title="Islam in West Sumatra">West Sumatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_East_Java" title="Islam in East Java">East Java</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Central_Sulawesi" title="Islam in Central Sulawesi">Central Sulawesi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Mosques_in_Indonesia" title="Template:Mosques in Indonesia">Mosques in Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Indonesia" title="Template:History of Indonesia">History of Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Heroes_of_Indonesia" title="Template:National Heroes of Indonesia">National Heroes of Indonesia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a 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