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mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox 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alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/30px-Blue_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/45px-Blue_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/60px-Blue_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;"><b>This <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines#guide" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">guideline</a> is a part of the English Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style</a>.</b><br><div style="font-size: 90%;"> It is a generally accepted standard that editors should attempt to follow, though <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">occasional exceptions</a> may apply. Any <i>substantive</i> edit to this page should reflect <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a>. When in doubt, discuss first on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style/Japan-related articles">talk page</a>.</div></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:JAPAN"></span><span id="WP:MOS-JA"></span><span id="WP:MJ"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:JAPAN&redirect=no">MOS:JAPAN</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:MOS-JA&redirect=no">WP:MOS-JA</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style (MoS)</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form" action="/wiki/Special:Search" id="style-searchbox"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input class="mw-inputbox-input mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" placeholder="" size="25" dir="ltr"></div><input type="hidden" value="Wikipedia:Manual of Style" name="prefix"><br><input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Search the MoS" class="cdx-button"><input type="hidden" value="Search" name="fulltext"></form></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(content)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (content)">Content</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Accessibility" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biography" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography">Biography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Disambiguation_pages" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages">Disambiguation pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Organizing_disambiguation_pages_by_subject_area" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Organizing disambiguation pages by subject area">Organizing by subject</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Gender_identity" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Gender identity">Gender identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hidden_text" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hidden text">Hidden text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Infoboxes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking">Linking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Self-references_to_avoid" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Self-references to avoid">Self-references</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">Words to watch</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(formatting)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (formatting)">Formatting</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Abbreviations" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Capital_letters" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters">Capitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">Dates and numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Pronunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Spelling" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Spelling">Spelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">Text formatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Titles of works">Titles of works</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(images)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (images)">Images</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Captions">Captions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy#Adding_images_to_articles" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Image placement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Icons" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Icons">Icons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Images" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images">Images</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(layout)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (layout)">Layout</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">Lead section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Tables" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Tables">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trivia_sections" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trivia sections">Trivia sections</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(lists)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (lists)">Lists</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists of works">Lists of works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Road_junction_lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Road junction lists">Road junctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stand-alone_lists" title="Wikipedia:Stand-alone lists">Stand-alone lists</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)">By topic area</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(legal)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (legal)">Legal</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Legal" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Legal">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trademarks" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trademarks">Trademarks</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(arts)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (arts)">Arts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Anime_and_manga" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Anime and manga">Anime and manga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Comics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Film" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lyrics_and_poetry" title="Wikipedia:Lyrics and poetry">Lyrics and poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Novels" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Novels">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Television" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Video_games" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Visual arts">Visual arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Writing_about_fiction" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Writing about fiction">Writing about fiction</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(music)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (music)">Music</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music_samples" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music samples">Music samples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Record_charts" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Record charts">Record charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Stringed_instrument_tunings" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Stringed instrument tunings">Stringed instruments</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(history)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (history)">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Blazon" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Blazon">Blazons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Military_history" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Military history">Military history</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(regional)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (regional)">Regional</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)#Specific_topics" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)">Specific naming conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Canada-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Canada-related articles">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/China-_and_Chinese-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/China- and Chinese-related articles">China (and Chinese)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Egypt-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Egypt-related articles">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/France-_and_French-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/France- and French-related articles">France (and French)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hawaii-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hawaii-related articles">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/India-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/India-related articles">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Indonesia-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Indonesia-related articles">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Ireland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Ireland-related articles">Ireland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Korea-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Korea-related articles">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Macedonia)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Macedonia)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Malaysia-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Malaysia-related articles">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pakistan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pakistan-related articles">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Philippines-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Philippines-related articles">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Poland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Poland-related articles">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Singapore-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Singapore-related articles">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Trinidad_and_Tobago/Style_guide" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Trinidad and Tobago/Style guide">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(religion)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (religion)">Religion</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Islam-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Islam-related articles">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Latter_Day_Saints" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Latter Day Saints">Latter Day Saints</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(science)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (science)">Science</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry">Chemistry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Compound_classes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Compound classes">Compound classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Chemicals" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Chemicals">Chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/References_and_external_links" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/References and external links">References and external links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Safety" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Safety">Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Structure_drawing" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Structure drawing">Structure drawing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Computer_science" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Computer science">Computer science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Mathematics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Medicine-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Medicine-related articles">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxobox/doc" title="Template:Taxobox/doc">Taxonomy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(sports)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (sports)">Sports</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Cue_sports" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Cue sports">Cue sports</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Snooker" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Snooker">Snooker</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Figure_skating" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Figure skating">Figure skating</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Figure_skating_terminology" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Figure skating terminology">Terminology</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(related_guidelines)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (related guidelines)">Related guidelines</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_size" title="Wikipedia:Article size">Article size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Article titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates">Categories, lists, and navigation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">Hatnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Subpages" title="Wikipedia:Subpages">Subpages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">Understandability</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Contents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Styletips" title="Wikipedia:Styletips">Tips</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Style" title="Template:Style"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Style" title="Template talk:Style"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Style" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Style"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>This page describes conventions for writing and editing articles related to <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>. </p><p>For more general guidance on editing conventions, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Wikipedia:Manual of Style</a>. For questions specifically related to Japan, please follow the conventions described below. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#English_words_of_Japanese_origin"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">English words of Japanese origin</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Pluralization"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Pluralization</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Capitalization_of_words_in_Roman_script"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Capitalization of words in Roman script</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Using_Japanese_in_the_article_body"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Using Japanese in the article body</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Linking_to_the_Japanese_Wikipedia"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Linking to the Japanese Wikipedia</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Romanization"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Romanization</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Determining_common_usage"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Determining common usage</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#General_guidelines"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">General guidelines</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#Syllabic_%22n%22"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Syllabic "n"</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#Historical_kana_usage"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Historical kana usage</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#Old_Japanese"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Old Japanese</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Article_titles"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Article titles</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="#Proper_names_within_titles"><span class="tocnumber">4.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Proper names within titles</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="#Category_link_sorting_of_names_and_macroned_titles"><span class="tocnumber">4.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Category link sorting of names and macroned titles</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Alphabetical_order"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Alphabetical order</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Words_ending_in_%E7%B5%B5_(e)_and_%E7%94%BB_(ga)"><span class="tocnumber">4.5</span> <span class="toctext">Words ending in 絵 (e) and 画 (ga)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Other_languages_in_Japan"><span class="tocnumber">4.6</span> <span class="toctext">Other languages in Japan</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Full-width_forms_of_Roman_characters"><span class="tocnumber">4.7</span> <span class="toctext">Full-width forms of Roman characters</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Japanese_terms"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Japanese terms</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Templates"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Templates</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Ruby"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Ruby</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Personal_names"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Personal names</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Name_order"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Name order</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-24"><a href="#Historical_names"><span class="tocnumber">6.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Historical names</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-25"><a href="#Modern_names"><span class="tocnumber">6.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Modern names</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Pseudonyms"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Pseudonyms</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Names_of_Emperors"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">Names of Emperors</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="#Place_names"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Place names</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Suffixes"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Suffixes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#Islands"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Islands</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Temples_and_shrines"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Temples and shrines</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#Train_and_subway_stations"><span class="tocnumber">7.4</span> <span class="toctext">Train and subway stations</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#Addresses"><span class="tocnumber">7.5</span> <span class="toctext">Addresses</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34"><a href="#Names_of_companies,_products,_and_organizations"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Names of companies, products, and organizations</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="#Titles_of_media"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Titles of media</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-36"><a href="#Capitalization_of_the_Hepburn_romanization"><span class="tocnumber">8.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Capitalization of the Hepburn romanization</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-37"><a href="#Subtitles"><span class="tocnumber">8.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Subtitles</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-38"><a href="#Using_Japanese_characters_on_the_English_Wikipedia"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Using Japanese characters on the English Wikipedia</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="#Japanese_words_spelled_with_the_full_stop"><span class="tocnumber">9.1</span> <span class="toctext">Japanese words spelled with the full stop</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-40"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="English_words_of_Japanese_origin" data-mw-thread-id="h-English_words_of_Japanese_origin"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-English_words_of_Japanese_origin"></span>English words of Japanese origin<span data-mw-comment-end="h-English_words_of_Japanese_origin"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: English words of Japanese origin" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Non-English_terms" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Wikipedia:Manual of Style § Non-English terms</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/English_Wikipedia" title="English Wikipedia">English Wikipedia</a> is an <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English-language</a> encyclopedia. If an English <a href="/wiki/Loan_word" class="mw-redirect" title="Loan word">loan word</a> or <a href="/wiki/Place_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Place name">place name</a> of Japanese origin exists, it should be used in its most common English form in the body of an article, even if it is pronounced or spelled differently from the properly <a href="/wiki/Romaji" class="mw-redirect" title="Romaji">romanized</a> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>; that is, use <a href="/wiki/Mount_Fuji" title="Mount Fuji">Mount Fuji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jujutsu" title="Jujutsu">jujutsu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shogi" title="Shogi">shogi</a>, instead of Fuji-san, Tōkyō, jūjutsu, and shōgi. However, in such cases, the romanized Japanese form of an article title should always be listed in the opening paragraph. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pluralization" data-mw-thread-id="h-Pluralization-English_words_of_Japanese_origin"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Pluralization-English_words_of_Japanese_origin"></span>Pluralization<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Pluralization-English_words_of_Japanese_origin"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pluralization" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Some <a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Japanese_origin" title="List of English words of Japanese origin">Japanese loan words</a> are usually pluralized according to English grammar rules, although this usage may sound odd to Japanese speakers. A few examples are <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tycoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Tycoon">tycoon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Futon" title="Futon">futon</a>, which take the plurals tsunamis, tycoons, and futons. In the case of more specialized Japanese words such as <a href="/wiki/Koi" title="Koi">koi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haiku" title="Haiku">haiku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ronin">ronin</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Dojo" title="Dojo">dojo</a>, English-language speakers are often familiar with Japanese word usage, and the words usually lack distinct plural forms. For a few words, such as <a href="/wiki/Geisha" title="Geisha">geisha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kamikaze" title="Kamikaze">kamikaze</a>, both forms of pluralization are acceptable. When in doubt, it is probably best to use a dictionary for reference. Helpful tools include the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m-w.com">Merriam–Webster</a> website for <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American-English usage</a> and the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dictionary.cambridge.org">Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary</a> for <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British-English usage</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Capitalization_of_words_in_Roman_script" data-mw-thread-id="h-Capitalization_of_words_in_Roman_script"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Capitalization_of_words_in_Roman_script"></span>Capitalization of words in Roman script<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Capitalization_of_words_in_Roman_script"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Capitalization of words in Roman script" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main pages: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trademarks" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trademarks">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trademarks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Capital_letters" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters</a></div> <p>Titles of songs, and the names of bands, companies and so forth are often capitalized when written in Roman script within a Japanese-language context or (in flyers, posters, etc.) for a Japanese audience, and the relevant publicity departments or fanbases may vehemently insist on the importance of the capitalization. However, these names and name elements are not excluded from the guidance provided by the main manuals of style for English-language Wikipedia, listed above. Words should not be written in all caps in the English Wikipedia. For example, although the title of the manga <i><a href="/wiki/Bleach_(manga)" title="Bleach (manga)">Bleach</a></i> is always written as "BLEACH" in Japanese (e.g. in <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/BLEACH" class="extiw" title="ja:BLEACH">its article</a> within Japanese-language Wikipedia), it should be written as <i>Bleach</i> within the English-language Wikipedia. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Using_Japanese_in_the_article_body" data-mw-thread-id="h-Using_Japanese_in_the_article_body"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Using_Japanese_in_the_article_body"></span>Using Japanese in the article body<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Using_Japanese_in_the_article_body"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Using Japanese in the article body" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <table style="float:right; clear:right; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; margin:10px 0 0.5em 10px; padding:0.2em; line-height:1.5em; font-size:95%; width:200px; background-color:#EEE8AA;"> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_Fuji_southern_wind_clear_morning.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Red_Fuji_southern_wind_clear_morning.jpg/190px-Red_Fuji_southern_wind_clear_morning.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="127" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4400" data-file-height="2937"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 190px;height: 127px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Red_Fuji_southern_wind_clear_morning.jpg/190px-Red_Fuji_southern_wind_clear_morning.jpg" data-width="190" data-height="127" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Red_Fuji_southern_wind_clear_morning.jpg/285px-Red_Fuji_southern_wind_clear_morning.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Red_Fuji_southern_wind_clear_morning.jpg/380px-Red_Fuji_southern_wind_clear_morning.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="padding:0 15px; background-color:#DFB987; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan">WikiProject Japan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Japan" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Japan">Talk</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 5px; font-size:80%;"> <p><b>Founded:</b> 18 March 2006<br>(18 years, 8 months and 9 days ago)<br> <b>Articles:</b> <b><span data-sort-value="7004953940000000000♠">95,394</span></b> (<b><span data-sort-value="7002185000000000000♠">185</span></b> featured) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 5px; font-size:80%;"> <p><b>Shortcuts</b><br><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:JA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:JA">WP:JA</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:JP" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:JP">WP:JP</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:JPN" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:JPN">WP:JPN</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WPJ" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WPJ">WP:WPJ</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Japan">WP:Japan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:JAPAN" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:JAPAN">WP:JAPAN</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 5px; font-size:90%; background-color:#D2B48C;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Project pages</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <p><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Article_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Article guidelines">Article guidelines</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Assessment" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Assessment">Assessment</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Barnsensu_recipients" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Barnsensu recipients">Barnsensu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Japanese_Collaboration" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Japanese Collaboration">Collaboration</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Recognized_content_list" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Recognized content list">Recognized content</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Popular_pages" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Popular pages">Popular pages</a> • Requested (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_articles/Japan" title="Wikipedia:Requested articles/Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_articles/Japan/Government" title="Wikipedia:Requested articles/Japan/Government">government</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_articles/Japan/Anime_and_Manga" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Requested articles/Japan/Anime and Manga">anime & manga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_articles/Japan/Seiy%C5%AB" title="Wikipedia:Requested articles/Japan/Seiyū">seiyū</a>) • Reviews (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/A-class_review" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/A-class review">A-Class</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Peer_review" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Peer review">Peer</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_translation_from_Japanese_Wikipedia" title="Category:Articles needing translation from Japanese Wikipedia">Translation</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Participants" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Participants">Participants</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Participants/Inactive" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Participants/Inactive">inactive</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/ToDo" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/ToDo">ToDo</a> (<a href="https://iw.toolforge.org/bambots/cwb/bycat/Japan.html" class="extiw" title="toollabs:bambots/cwb/bycat/Japan.html">cleanup</a>) </p> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 5px; font-size:90%; background-color:#DFB987;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Project references</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <p><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Arts_and_crafts_glossary" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Arts and crafts glossary">Arts and crafts glossary</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Film_credits_glossary" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Film credits glossary">Film credits glossary</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Reference_library" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Reference library">Reference library</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Place_names_with_unusual_readings" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Place names with unusual readings">Unusual place names</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Year_references" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Year references">Year conversion</a> </p> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 5px; font-size:90%; background-color:#D2B48C;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Task forces</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <p><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Ainu_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Ainu task force">Ainu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Baseball/Japanese_baseball_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Baseball/Japanese baseball task force">Baseball</a>↔ • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Bibliography_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Bibliography task force">Bibliography</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Biography_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Biography task force">Biography</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Business_and_economy_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Business and economy task force">Business & economy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Japanese_cars_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Japanese cars task force">Cars</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Films/Japanese_cinema_task_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Films/Japanese cinema task force">Cinema</a>↔ • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Disambiguation/CJKV_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Disambiguation/CJKV task force">CJKV</a>↔ • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Culture_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Culture task force">Culture</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Districts_and_municipalities_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Districts and municipalities task force">Districts and municipalities</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Districts_and_municipalities_task_force/guideline" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Districts and municipalities task force/guideline">guideline</a>)↔ • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Education_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Education task force">Education</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Flora_and_fauna_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Flora and fauna task force">Flora and fauna</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Food_and_drink_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Food and drink task force">Food and drink</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Gaijin_tarento_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Gaijin tarento task force">Gaijin tarento</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Geography_and_environment_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Geography and environment task force">Geography & environment</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/History_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/History task force">History</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Infrastructure_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Infrastructure task force">Infrastructure</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Martial_arts/Karate_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Martial arts/Karate task force">Karate</a>↔ • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Law_and_government_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Law and government task force">Law & government</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Military_history/Japanese_military_history_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Military history/Japanese military history task force">Military history</a>↔ • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Music_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Music task force">Music</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Mythology_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Mythology task force">Mythology</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Owarai_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Owarai task force">Owarai</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Photo_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Photo task force">Photo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Politics_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Politics task force">Politics</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Prefectures_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Prefectures task force">Prefectures</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Religion_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Religion task force">Religion</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Royalty_and_nobility_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Royalty and nobility task force">Royalty and nobility</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Science_and_technology_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Science and technology task force">Science & technology</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Shinto_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Shinto task force">Shinto</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Sport_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Sport task force">Sport</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Tokyo_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Tokyo task force">Tokyo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_TRANSWIKI/Japanese" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject TRANSWIKI/Japanese">Transwiki</a>↔ • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Update_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Update task force">Update</a><br><small>↔ = joint task force</small> </p> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 5px; font-size:90%; background-color:#DFB987;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Project links</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <p><a href="/wiki/Category:Japan" title="Category:Japan">Category</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Deletion_sorting/Japan" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Deletion sorting/Japan">Deletions</a> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_Japan-related_topics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Japan-related topics">List</a> • <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> • <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Japan" class="extiw" title="meta:Japan">Meta</a> • MOS (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style_(Japan-related_articles)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style (Japan-related articles)">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style_(anime-_and_manga-related_articles)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style (anime- and manga-related articles)">Anime</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Districts_and_municipalities_task_force/guideline" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Districts and municipalities task force/guideline">municipality guideline</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Japan-related_topics_notice_board/New_Japan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Japan-related topics notice board/New Japan-related articles">New articles</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Japan-related_topics_notice_board" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Japan-related topics notice board">Notice board</a> • Portals: <a href="/wiki/Portal:Japan" title="Portal:Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Japan" title="Portal:Ancient Japan">Ancient Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portal:Anime_and_manga" title="Portal:Anime and manga">Anime</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portal:Buddhism" title="Portal:Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portal:Nintendo" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Nintendo">Nintendo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portal:Tokyo" title="Portal:Tokyo">Tokyo</a> </p> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 5px; font-size:90%; background-color:#D2B48C;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Child projects</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <p><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Anime_and_manga" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Anime and manga">Anime and manga</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Dragon_Ball" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Dragon Ball">Dragon Ball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Yu-Gi-Oh!" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Yu-Gi-Oh!">Yu-Gi-Oh!</a>) • Entertainment (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Hello!_Project" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Hello! Project">Hello! Project</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Tokusatsu" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a>) • Games (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Digimon_Systems_Update" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Digimon Systems Update">Digimon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Final_Fantasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Final Fantasy">Final Fantasy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Nintendo" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Nintendo">Nintendo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_PlayStation" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject PlayStation">PlayStation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pok%C3%A9mon_Collaborative_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Pokémon Collaborative Project">Pokémon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Square_Enix" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Square Enix">Square Enix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_The_Legend_of_Zelda_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject The Legend of Zelda series">Zelda</a>) • Japan (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Sumo" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Sumo">Sumo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Trains_in_Japan" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Trains in Japan">Trains</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Newest_articles_about_trains_in_Japan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Newest articles about trains in Japan (page does not exist)">New</a>) </p> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 5px; font-size:90%; background-color:#DFB987;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Related pages</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <p>Categories (<a href="/wiki/Category:Japan-related_lists" title="Category:Japan-related lists">Lists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedians_in_Japan" title="Category:Wikipedians in Japan">Wikipedians</a>) • Projects (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Automobiles" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Automobiles">Automobiles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Computer_and_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Computer and video games">Computer and video games</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Formula_One" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Formula One">F1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Martial_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Martial Arts">Martial Arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Mixed_martial_arts" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Mixed martial arts">Mixed martial arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Grand Prix motorcycle racing">MotoGP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Motorcycling" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Motorcycling">Motorcycling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Motorsport" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Motorsport">Motorsport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Sports_Car_Racing" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Sports Car Racing">Sports Car Racing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_World_Rally" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject World Rally">WRC</a>) </p> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 5px; font-size:90%; background-color:#D2B48C;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Recognition</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <p><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:WPJ-Barnsensu" title="Template:WPJ-Barnsensu">WPJ-Barnsensu</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Barnsensu_recipients" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Barnsensu recipients">recipients</a>) <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:WikiProject_Japan_Barnstar_2.0" title="Template:WikiProject Japan Barnstar 2.0">WikiProject Japan Barnstar 2.0</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Barnstar_2.0_recipients" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Barnstar 2.0 recipients">recipients</a>) <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Japan_Barnstar_of_National_Merit" title="Template:The Japan Barnstar of National Merit">The Japan Barnstar of National Merit</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Barnstar_of_National_Merit_recipients" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Barnstar of National Merit recipients">recipients</a>) <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Most_Noble_Barnstar_of_National_Honor" title="Template:The Most Noble Barnstar of National Honor">The Most Noble Barnstar of National Honor</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Barnstar_of_National_Honor_recipients" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Barnstar of National Honor recipients">recipients</a>) </p> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 5px; font-size:90%; background-color:#DFB987;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Templates</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <p><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:WikiProject_Japan" title="Template:WikiProject Japan">WikiProject Japan</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Japan_current_era_date" title="Template:Japan current era date">Japan current era date</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Japanese" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Japanese">Japanese</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Nihongo" title="Template:Nihongo">nihongo</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Nihongo2" title="Template:Nihongo2">Nihongo2</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Nihongo3" title="Template:Nihongo3">Nihongo3</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Nihongo_foot" title="Template:Nihongo foot">Nihongo foot</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Needhiragana" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Needhiragana">Needhiragana</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Needkanji" title="Template:Needkanji">Needkanji</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> </p> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 5px; font-size:90%; background-color:#D2B48C;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Userboxes</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <p><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:User_WikiProject_Japan" title="Template:User WikiProject Japan">User WikiProject Japan</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:User_WP_Japan" title="Template:User WP Japan">User WP Japan</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> </p> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 5px; font-size:90%; background-color:#DFB987;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Project parentage</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <p><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Asia" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Asia">Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countries" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countries">Countries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_East_Asia" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject East Asia">East Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Geography" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Geography">Geography</a> </p> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="float:right; font-size:75%;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Navbox" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Navbox">V</a>·<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Japan/Navbox" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Japan/Navbox">T</a>·<span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Navbox&action=edit">E</a></span>·<span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q115724607" title="View as Q115724607 on Wikidata"><noscript><img alt="Q115724607 on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/16px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="9" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 9px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/16px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" data-alt="Q115724607 on Wikidata" data-width="16" data-height="9" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/24px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/32px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Generally, Japanese script for a word can be added to the text the first time it is introduced, provided that the word is not linked to another article on the English Wikipedia. If the word is linked to another article on the English Wikipedia, and the linked article does not include the Japanese script, the linked article should be edited to show the Japanese script in the opening line. </p><p>If the linked article does include the Japanese script, Japanese characters are unnecessary in the original article, unless they appear in the context of a list or glossary, such as <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_sumo_terms" title="Glossary of sumo terms">Glossary of sumo terms</a>, or <a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dkaid%C5%8D_Main_Line#Station_list" title="Tōkaidō Main Line">Tōkaidō Main Line#Station list</a>. In those cases, having several Japanese words appear together in context may be beneficial to some readers, and the script should not be deleted. </p><p>Japanese script should only be added once per word in an article, and can be marked with the <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Nihongo" title="Template:Nihongo">Nihongo</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> or <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Nihongo2" title="Template:Nihongo2">Nihongo2</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> templates. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Linking_to_the_Japanese_Wikipedia" data-mw-thread-id="h-Linking_to_the_Japanese_Wikipedia-Using_Japanese_in_the_article_body"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Linking_to_the_Japanese_Wikipedia-Using_Japanese_in_the_article_body"></span>Linking to the Japanese Wikipedia<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Linking_to_the_Japanese_Wikipedia-Using_Japanese_in_the_article_body"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Linking to the Japanese Wikipedia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Articles should be linked to their corresponding Japanese Wikipedia articles through <a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>, which is displayed in the "Languages" bar to the left of the article. There is generally no need to use inline links to the equivalent Japanese Wikipedia article for any words in an article. If a word is important enough to warrant a link, it will more than likely have an English Wikipedia article. However, interwiki linking may be used to supplement <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Red_link" title="Wikipedia:Red link">red links</a>. See <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links#Inline_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">Help:Interlanguage links § Inline links</a> for more information on how to do this. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Romanization" data-mw-thread-id="h-Romanization"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Romanization"></span>Romanization<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Romanization"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Romanization" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:ROMAJI"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:ROMAJI&redirect=no">WP:ROMAJI</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hepburn_romanization" title="Hepburn romanization"><b>Modified Hepburn</b> romanization</a> (as described below) should be used in all cases, excepting those cases where another romanization is determined to be in common usage in reliable sources (see <a href="#Determining_common_usage">next section</a>). Wikipedia uses the version of Modified Hepburn described below because it is generally accepted by scholars and it gives a fair indication of Japanese pronunciation to the intended audience of English speakers. People who care about other romanization systems are knowledgeable enough to look after themselves. </p><p>It is generally helpful to include the Hepburn romanization of Japanese text on the English Wikipedia. However, some WikiProjects may have more specific guidelines concerning the usage of the romanization on articles in their subject area. Please defer to those guidelines when composing articles in that subject area. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Determining_most_common_usage"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Determining_common_usage" data-mw-thread-id="h-Determining_common_usage-Romanization"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Determining_common_usage-Romanization"></span>Determining common usage<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Determining_common_usage-Romanization"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Determining common usage" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:JACOM"></span><span id="WP:MOSJA-COM"></span><span id="MOS:JAPANCOM"></span><span id="MOS:JPCOM"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:JACOM&redirect=no">MOS:JACOM</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:MOSJA-COM&redirect=no">WP:MOSJA-COM</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:JAPANCOM&redirect=no">MOS:JAPANCOM</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:JPCOM&redirect=no">MOS:JPCOM</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(use_English)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (use English)">Wikipedia:Naming conventions (use English)</a></div> <p>Japanese terms should be romanized according to common usage in English-language <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:RS">reliable sources</a> as indicated by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:COMMONNAME" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:COMMONNAME">policy</a>, including unconventional romanization of titles and names by licensees (e.g., <i><a href="/wiki/Devil_Hunter_Yohko" title="Devil Hunter Yohko">Devil Hunter Yohko</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Tenjho_Tenge" title="Tenjho Tenge">Tenjho Tenge</a></i>—see <a href="#Names">below</a>), words used frequently in English (such as <a href="/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo">sumo</a> or <a href="/wiki/Judo" title="Judo">judo</a>), the official English name for companies and organizations (e.g., <i><a href="/wiki/Kodansha" title="Kodansha">Kodansha</a></i> rather than <i>Kōdansha</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Doshisha_University" title="Doshisha University">Doshisha University</a></i> rather than <i>Dōshisha University</i>), or location names (e.g., Tokyo, Kyoto, Osaka, Kobe, Kyushu, Honshu, Hokkaido, <a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Islands" title="Ryukyu Islands">Ryukyu Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonin_Islands" title="Bonin Islands">Bonin Islands</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Iwo_Jima" title="Iwo Jima">Iwo Jima</a>). The list of examples given here is not exhaustive. Redirects for all likely romanizations should be created to make sure people will be able to find the articles easily regardless of which form they use in their search. </p><p>To determine if the non-macroned form is in common usage in English-language reliable sources, a review should be done of all the related reliable sources used for the article (as well as any which may not have been specifically used, but can still be considered reliable per <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:RS">WP:RS</a>). This may be redetermined periodically (generally no more often than semiannually) as usage changes over time and as new additional reliable sources become available. If it cannot be determined whether the non-macroned form is in common usage in English-language reliable sources, then the macroned form should be used until such time as it can be determined. </p><p>If an article uses English-language reliable sources and those sources use a particular form of romanization to name a topic, give preference to that romanization in the article title and body text. If an article uses only Japanese-language reliable sources, use the romanization given in them. If no romanization is given by the reliable sources used in an article, use modified Hepburn romanization. In all cases, the same romanization should be used for the article title and the body text (within that article and within the body text of other articles). </p><p>Please note that scholarly reliable sources (e.g., encyclopedias, academic journals, documentaries, and textbooks) and mainstream media (e.g., newspapers, magazines, and television reports) reliable sources are equally acceptable, and neither should be considered more valid than the other. However, more recent reliable sources should generally be given preference over older reliable sources, especially in topics and areas where current understanding may be more complete than older understanding (e.g., in science and technology). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_guidelines" data-mw-thread-id="h-General_guidelines-Romanization"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-General_guidelines-Romanization"></span>General guidelines<span data-mw-comment-end="h-General_guidelines-Romanization"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: General guidelines" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Body_text"></span> These guidelines apply to all romanized Japanese text, article titles, and to all subsections of this manual of style (MOS-JA). Please also note the additional information regarding <a href="#Article_titles">article titles</a>, below. </p> <ol><li>For transliterations from <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">kana</a>, long vowels are written with macrons (ā ū ē ō) with the exception of long i (いい → ii) and ei (えい → ei). If there is a kanji boundary between a vowel+vowel combination, macrons are not used. (e.g. karaage in 唐揚げ) If you have difficulty typing these characters with your <a href="/wiki/Input_method_editor" class="mw-redirect" title="Input method editor">IME</a>, you can click on the special characters below the Wikipedia edit box, or see <a href="/wiki/Help:Macrons" title="Help:Macrons">Help:Macrons</a> for instructions on setting up your computer to input them directly from the keyboard. You can also enter the <a href="/wiki/HTML_entity" class="mw-redirect" title="HTML entity">HTML entity</a> <i>&#333;</i> for <i>ō</i>, and <i>&#363;</i> for <i>ū</i>.</li> <li>For transliterations from <a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">katakana</a>, use the English spelling if available (e.g., <b><a href="/wiki/Thunderbird_(train)" title="Thunderbird (train)">Thunderbird</a></b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">サンダーバード</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Sandābādo</i></span>)</span> instead of just <b>Sandābādo</b>). If an English spelling is not available, but a spelling from another language of origin exists, use it (e.g., <i><b><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homard" class="extiw" title="fr:Homard">homard</a></b></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" class="extiw" title="ja:オマール">オマール</a></span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">omāru</i></span>)</span> rather than <i><b>omāru</b></i>, and <i><b><a href="/wiki/Zha_cai" title="Zha cai">zha cai</a></b></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B6%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A4" class="extiw" title="ja:ザーサイ">ザーサイ</a></span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">zāsai</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span> rather than <i><b>zāsai</b></i>). The Hepburn romanization should be used secondarily, as in the examples. Otherwise, macrons should be used for all long vowels indicated with ー, including "a", "e", and "i".</li> <li>When transliterating text that includes numerals, use the most common reading of the numbers in the transliteration rather than the numerals themselves: <i><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_II" title="Final Fantasy II">Final Fantasy II</a></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ファイナルファンタジーII</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Fainaru Fantajī Tsū</i></span>)</span>, not <b>Fainaru Fantajī II</b>.</li> <li>When transliterating text that includes Latin, use the most common reading of the text in the transliteration rather than the Latin itself: <i>TV Anime</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">TVアニメ</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Terebi Anime</i></span>)</span>, not <b>TV Anime</b>.</li> <li><span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">は</span></span></span>, <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">へ</span></span></span> and <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">を</span></span></span> as <a href="/wiki/Japanese_particles" title="Japanese particles">particles</a> are written <i>wa</i>, <i>e</i>, and <i>o</i> respectively.</li> <li>Syllabic <i>n</i> <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ん</span></span></span> is generally written as <i>n</i> before consonants (see <a href="#Syllabic_%22n%22">below</a>), and as <i>n'</i> (with an apostrophe) before vowels and y.</li> <li>Avoid using apostrophes—except in the case of the syllabic <i>n</i> <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ん</span></span></span>, as noted above.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Sokuon" title="Sokuon">sokuon</a> <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">っ</span></span></span> is written as <i>t</i> before <i>ch</i> (e.g., <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">こっち</span></span></span> <i>kotchi</i>, not <i>kocchi</i>). The spelling <i>cch</i> is considered nonstandard and is deprecated.</li> <li>Transliterated terms should be italicized in accordance with <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Non-English_terms" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Non-English terms</a>. Note that proper nouns (place/person names) should not be italicized.</li> <li>Do not capitalize suffixes in the titles of historical periods and events, such as <a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo period</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Tokugawa shogunate</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Recruit_scandal" title="Recruit scandal">Recruit scandal</a>.</li> <li>Do not capitalize <a href="/wiki/Japanese_honorifics" title="Japanese honorifics">honorific suffixes</a>.</li> <li>Use standard English-language capitalization in transliterated titles per <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:MOSCAPS#Composition_titles" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:MOSCAPS">accepted guidelines</a>. <a href="/wiki/Japanese_particles" title="Japanese particles">Particles</a> such as (but not limited to) <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">wa</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">は</span></span>)</span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">e</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">へ</span></span>)</span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">o</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">を</span></span>)</span> and <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">ga</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">が</span></span>)</span> should not be capitalized (e.g., <i><a href="/wiki/Otoko_wa_Tsurai_yo" title="Otoko wa Tsurai yo">Otoko wa Tsurai yo</a></i>, not <i>Otoko wa tsurai yo</i> nor <i>Otoko Wa Tsurai Yo</i>).</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id='Syllabic_"n"' data-mw-thread-id='h-Syllabic_"n"-General_guidelines'><span id="Syllabic_.22n.22"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id='h-Syllabic_"n"-General_guidelines'></span>Syllabic "n"<span data-mw-comment-end='h-Syllabic_"n"-General_guidelines'></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=9" title='Edit section: Syllabic "n"' class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In previous forms of the Hepburn romanization, the syllabic <i><a href="/wiki/N_(kana)" title="N (kana)">n</a></i> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ん</span></span></span>) was transcribed as <i>m</i> when before <i>b</i>, <i>m</i>, or <i>p</i> sounds. This form has been deprecated, but remains in use in some official <a href="/wiki/Anglicisation" title="Anglicisation">anglicized</a> names. On the English Wikipedia, always follow the modified Hepburn style of using <i>n</i> in these situations. If the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:COMMONNAME" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:COMMONNAME">common name</a> uses the <i>m</i> variant, use that as the article title but use the <i>n</i> form in the romanization. </p> <dl><dt>Examples</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Namba_Station" title="Namba Station">Namba Station</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">難波駅</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Nanba-eki</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainichi_Shimbun" title="Mainichi Shimbun">Mainichi Shimbun</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">毎日新聞</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Mainichi Shinbun</i></span>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunma_Prefecture" title="Gunma Prefecture">Gunma Prefecture</a>, not "Gumma Prefecture"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keiichi_Nanba" title="Keiichi Nanba">Keiichi Nanba</a>, not "Keiichi Namba"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Historical_kana_usage" data-mw-thread-id="h-Historical_kana_usage-General_guidelines"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Historical_kana_usage-General_guidelines"></span>Historical kana usage<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Historical_kana_usage-General_guidelines"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Historical kana usage" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>When writing words that appear in classical Japanese texts, romanize the modern pronunciation of these words, rather than directly transcribing the kana. </p> <dl><dd>e.g. <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">夕顔 (ゆふがほ)</span></span></span> is written as <i>Yūgao</i> and not <i>Yufugaho</i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Old_Japanese" data-mw-thread-id="h-Old_Japanese-General_guidelines"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Old_Japanese-General_guidelines"></span>Old Japanese<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Old_Japanese-General_guidelines"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Old Japanese" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>When romanizing words in <a href="/wiki/Old_Japanese" title="Old Japanese">Old Japanese</a>, English-language reliable sources such as <a href="/wiki/Don_Philippi" title="Don Philippi">Don Philippi</a>'s translation of the <i><a href="/wiki/Kojiki" title="Kojiki">Kojiki</a></i> and various writings by <a href="/wiki/Roy_Andrew_Miller" title="Roy Andrew Miller">Roy Andrew Miller</a> occasionally use non-standard orthography to mark Old Japanese vowels and other features that changed in later periods of the language. It is acceptable—even preferable—to <i>include</i> this notation in the relevant articles, but in general use Hepburn romanization of the <i>modern</i> pronunciations. This has the advantage of standardization (there is no universally agreed upon romanization method for the historical reconstructions of Old Japanese) and of general readability/familiarity for readers with some knowledge of modern Japanese. </p> <dl><dd>e.g. <i><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Jimmu" title="Emperor Jimmu">Kamu-yamato Iware-biko no mikoto</a></i>, not <i>Kamu-Yamatö-ipare-biko-no-mikoto</i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Article_titles" data-mw-thread-id="h-Article_titles-Romanization"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Article_titles-Romanization"></span>Article titles<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Article_titles-Romanization"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Article titles" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Article_names"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="#Personal_names">§ Personal names</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions">Wikipedia:Naming conventions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(use_English)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (use English)">Wikipedia:Naming conventions (use English)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Wikipedia:Article titles</a></div> <p>When selecting the appropriate name for an article, be aware of the following: </p> <ol><li>When one form (macroned, macronless, or some other variant Romanization) is used in the article title, appropriate redirects using the other possible Romanizations should also be created which point to the actual title (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Tessho_Genda" class="mw-redirect" title="Tessho Genda">Tessho Genda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tesshou_Genda" class="mw-redirect" title="Tesshou Genda">Tesshou Genda</a> pointing to <a href="/wiki/Tessh%C5%8D_Genda" title="Tesshō Genda">Tesshō Genda</a>).</li> <li>For proper names, redirects should be created for the Japanese name order which point to the actual title of the article (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Genda_Tessh%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Genda Tesshō">Genda Tesshō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genda_Tessho" class="mw-redirect" title="Genda Tessho">Genda Tessho</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Genda_Tesshou" class="mw-redirect" title="Genda Tesshou">Genda Tesshou</a> pointing to <a href="/wiki/Tessh%C5%8D_Genda" title="Tesshō Genda">Tesshō Genda</a>). Please also note <a href="#Names">the Names section below</a> for further clarification on which romanization of a name should be used in the title.</li> <li>Non-language characters (e.g., the star ★, the heart ♥, the wave dash 〜) should never be used in article titles per <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles#Special_characters" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">current policy</a>. <ul><li>For more information on usage of the wave dash as a punctuation mark, as well as other specialized punctuation marks, please see <a href="#Subtitles">this section</a>.</li></ul></li></ol> <p>Please note that the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NC" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NC">naming conventions</a> policy and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:UE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:UE">this guideline</a> are applicable here. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Proper_names_within_titles" data-mw-thread-id="h-Proper_names_within_titles-Article_titles"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Proper_names_within_titles-Article_titles"></span>Proper names within titles<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Proper_names_within_titles-Article_titles"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Proper names within titles" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Names_in_titles"></span> When determining the title of an article about a topic (i.e., a book, an award, etc.) which includes the proper name of an individual, do not rearrange the name of the individual within the title. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Ina_Nobuo_Award" title="Ina Nobuo Award">Ina Nobuo Award</a> should not be changed to <a href="/wiki/Nobuo_Ina_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobuo Ina Award">Nobuo Ina Award</a> even though <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nobuo_Ina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nobuo Ina (page does not exist)">Nobuo Ina</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%A5%88%E4%BF%A1%E7%94%B7" class="extiw" title="ja:伊奈信男">ja</a>]</span> is a modern figure as defined here. A redirect with the name rearranged should always be created to avoid any possible confusion (i.e., create a redirect from <a href="/wiki/Nobuo_Ina_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobuo Ina Award">Nobuo Ina Award</a> pointing to <a href="/wiki/Ina_Nobuo_Award" title="Ina Nobuo Award">Ina Nobuo Award</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Category_link_sorting_of_names_and_macroned_titles" data-mw-thread-id="h-Category_link_sorting_of_names_and_macroned_titles-Article_titles"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Category_link_sorting_of_names_and_macroned_titles-Article_titles"></span>Category link sorting of names and macroned titles<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Category_link_sorting_of_names_and_macroned_titles-Article_titles"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Category link sorting of names and macroned titles" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization#Category_sorting" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">categorization</a> policy, articles with macroned titles should use the non-macroned version of the title in category sorting. The <a href="/wiki/Help:Magic_words#Miscellany" title="Help:Magic words">DEFAULTSORT</a> magic word should be placed directly above the category list: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><b>{{DEFAULTSORT:Genda, Tessho}}</b></dd> <dd><b>[[Category:Japanese voice actors]]</b></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>This will put the page in the correct order in every category of which it is a member. For articles about people, use a comma after the family name to ensure correct sorting with all names across Wikipedia. On the talk page, use the <b>|listas=</b> parameter in the project banner tag to make sure the page is sorted properly. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alphabetical_order" data-mw-thread-id="h-Alphabetical_order-Romanization"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Alphabetical_order-Romanization"></span>Alphabetical order<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Alphabetical_order-Romanization"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Alphabetical order" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Lists of romanized words in the English Wikipedia should be ordered in alphabetical order, A–Z, instead of the common Japanese ordering system which is based on the kana characters. In the case of names, alphabetize by family name, not by given name. Words with macrons should be alphabetized as if the macron was one of the normal five vowels. In cases where two words are exactly the same except for a macron vowel in one word, the non-macron version should be listed first. </p><p>This rule also applies to lists of prefectures or other place names, and is in contrast to the Japanese standard of ordering from north to south. Exceptions to this rule can be made when the geographic location or arrangement is important to the overall context of the article, such as in the article <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_Japan" title="Prefectures of Japan">Prefectures of Japan</a>. Articles which fall under this exception should always explain the non-alphabetic sort order used within the article. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Words_ending_in_絵_(e)_and_画_(ga)" data-mw-thread-id="h-Words_ending_in_絵_(e)_and_画_(ga)-Romanization"><span id="Words_ending_in_.E7.B5.B5_.28e.29_and_.E7.94.BB_.28ga.29"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Words_ending_in_絵_(e)_and_画_(ga)-Romanization"></span>Words ending in 絵 (e) and 画 (ga)<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Words_ending_in_絵_(e)_and_画_(ga)-Romanization"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Words ending in 絵 (e) and 画 (ga)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>For words ending in <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">絵</span></span></span> (e), place a hyphen directly before the "e" in the romanized word (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Yamato-e" title="Yamato-e">yamato-e</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukiyo-e" title="Ukiyo-e">ukiyo-e</a>). Do not use a hyphen for words ending with <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">画</span></span></span> (ga) (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">manga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanga_(Japanese_Painting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanga (Japanese Painting)">nanga</a>). Do not use a hyphen for words beginning with <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">絵</span></span></span> or <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">画</span></span></span> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Emakimono" title="Emakimono">emakimono</a> rather than "e-makimono"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_languages_in_Japan" data-mw-thread-id="h-Other_languages_in_Japan-Romanization"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Other_languages_in_Japan-Romanization"></span>Other languages in Japan<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Other_languages_in_Japan-Romanization"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Other languages in Japan" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ainu_language" title="Ainu language">Ainu language</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_languages" title="Ryukyuan languages">Ryukyuan languages</a> family are often transcribed in Japanese using one or more of the Japanese writing systems (usually <a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">katakana</a>). </p><p>The Ainu language has its own Latin orthography (described at <a href="/wiki/Ainu_language" title="Ainu language">Ainu language</a>), and that form should be used in articles, accompanied by the Japanese katakana approximations, unless a more common name is found in reliable sources. </p><p>The varied Ryukyuan languages have no standard romanization schema. For terms in these languages, use the most commonly used form found in reliable sources, and accompany this with the Japanese approximations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Full-width_forms_of_Roman_characters" data-mw-thread-id="h-Full-width_forms_of_Roman_characters-Romanization"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Full-width_forms_of_Roman_characters-Romanization"></span>Full-width forms of Roman characters<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Full-width_forms_of_Roman_characters-Romanization"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Full-width forms of Roman characters" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/Full-width_forms" class="mw-redirect" title="Full-width forms">Full-width forms</a> of Roman letters (Ａ-Ｚ, ａ-ｚ), Arabic numerals (０-９), certain punctuation (＂＃＄％＆＇＋／＠＼＾＿｀￠￥￦＝｜￤) and spaces (　) should not be used; ASCII equivalents should be used instead, even when mixed with CJK characters. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Japanese_terms" data-mw-thread-id="h-Japanese_terms"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Japanese_terms"></span>Japanese terms<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Japanese_terms"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Japanese terms" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>Give the romanization for any Japanese name or term written in <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a> or <a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">kana</a> by following the pattern: </p> <dl><dd>English (Japanese characters, <i>rōmaji</i>)</dd></dl> <p>Then, you can use the English term in the rest of the article. For example: </p> <dl><dd>At 3,776 meters (12,388 ft) tall, <b>Mount Fuji</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">富士山</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Fuji-san</i></span>)</span> is the highest <a href="/wiki/Mountain" title="Mountain">mountain</a> on the island of <a href="/wiki/Honshu" title="Honshu">Honshu</a>…</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Templates" data-mw-thread-id="h-Templates-Japanese_terms"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Templates-Japanese_terms"></span>Templates<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Templates-Japanese_terms"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Templates" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>There is the template <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Nihongo" title="Template:Nihongo">Nihongo</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> to help standardize the entries for Japanese terms. </p><p>Usage example: </p> <dl><dd>{{Nihongo|Japanese tea ceremony|茶道|sadō}}</dd></dl> <p><i>appears as</i> </p> <dl><dd>Japanese tea ceremony<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">茶道</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">sadō</i></span>)</span></dd></dl> <p>The first entry appears before the brackets, the second is the Japanese term in kanji and kana, the last is the reading in revised <a href="/wiki/Hepburn_romanization" title="Hepburn romanization">Hepburn romanization</a> described here. </p><p>An option exists for <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Nihongo" title="Template:Nihongo">Nihongo</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> to include links to <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese language</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hepburn_romanization" title="Hepburn romanization">Hepburn romanization</a> by utilizing <code>lead=yes</code>, but it is not obligatory. </p> <dl><dd>{{Nihongo|Lake Biwa|琵琶湖|Biwa-ko|lead=yes}}</dd></dl> <p><i>appears as</i> </p> <dl><dd>Lake Biwa<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: <span lang="ja">琵琶湖</span>, <a href="/wiki/Hepburn_romanization" title="Hepburn romanization">Hepburn</a>: <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Biwa-ko</i></span>)</span></dd></dl> <p>Omitting the first parameter of <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Nihongo" title="Template:Nihongo">Nihongo</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> places the entry in the third parameter first. </p> <dl><dd>{{Nihongo||侍|samurai}}</dd></dl> <p><i>appears as</i> </p> <dl><dd><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">samurai</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">侍</span></span>)</span></dd></dl> <p>Other similar templates exist for displaying Japanese text and terms. </p> <ul><li>For just the Japanese script, both <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Nihongo2" title="Template:Nihongo2">Nihongo2</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> and <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Lang" title="Template:Lang">lang</a>|ja}}</code> can be used; this ensures that the text is encoded as Japanese within HTML for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Accessibility" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility">accessibility purposes</a>. <dl><dd>{{Nihongo2|日本}}</dd> <dd><i>appears as</i></dd> <dd><span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">日本</span></span></span></dd></dl></li> <li>For Japanese terms that are not being translated, use <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Nihongo3" title="Template:Nihongo3">Nihongo3</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> to display the romanization first and the English last. <dl><dd>{{Nihongo3|to read|読む|yomu}}</dd> <dd><i>appears as</i></dd> <dd><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">yomu</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">読む</span></span>, to read)</span></dd></dl></li></ul> <p>The template <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:IPA" title="Template:IPA">IPA</a>|ja|...}}</code> may be used to format Japanese in <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> transcription; it links the transcription to <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">Help:IPA/Japanese</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ruby" data-mw-thread-id="h-Ruby-Japanese_terms"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Ruby-Japanese_terms"></span>Ruby<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Ruby-Japanese_terms"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Ruby" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:RUBY"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:RUBY&redirect=no">MOS:RUBY</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Do not use the <code><ruby></code> tag to further annotate the kanji with <a href="/wiki/Ruby_character" title="Ruby character">ruby characters</a>, except in articles about ruby characters themselves, or where they are needed to accurately quote something that includes ruby characters. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Personal_names" data-mw-thread-id="h-Personal_names"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Personal_names"></span>Personal names<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Personal_names"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Personal names" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <p><span class="anchor" id="Names"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:JTITLE"></span><span id="WP:JATITLE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:JTITLE&redirect=no">WP:JTITLE</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:JATITLE&redirect=no">WP:JATITLE</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>This section defines the proper way to write Japanese names on the English Wikipedia. If you are unsure of how to write a name after reading the information below, please post your question on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Manual_of_Style_(Japan-related_articles)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style (Japan-related articles)">Talk page</a>. Please note that <i>in all cases</i>, one or more redirects should be created for any commonly used Romanizations other than those indicated here to cover alternative usages. Redirects for the opposite naming orders noted below should also be employed. That is, if an article is titled "given name + family name", a redirect from "family name + given name" is required; and vice versa. </p><p>For example: </p> <dl><dd><b>Tokugawa Ieyasu</b> (徳川家康, January 30, 1543 – June 1, 1616) was the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shoguns" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokugawa shoguns">Tokugawa</a> <a href="/wiki/Shogun" title="Shogun">shogunate</a> …</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Name_order" data-mw-thread-id="h-Name_order-Personal_names"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Name_order-Personal_names"></span>Name order<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Name_order-Personal_names"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Name order" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In all cases, the spelling and name order used (for the title, and within the article body) should be that most commonly used in reliable, third-party English-language sources (encyclopedias, newspapers, magazines, academic books, academic journals, etc.) per <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:TITLE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:TITLE">WP:TITLE</a>. If no one form can be determined to be the most common, follow the guidance given below. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Historical_names" data-mw-thread-id="h-Historical_names-Name_order"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Historical_names-Name_order"></span>Historical names<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Historical_names-Name_order"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Historical names" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>For historical figures (generally considered to be pre-<a href="/wiki/Meiji_era" title="Meiji era">Meiji</a>), if no "most commonly used name" can be established, use the following as guidelines: </p> <dl><dd><ol><li>For historical figures conventionally known as <i>[X] no [Y]</i> (<a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Michinaga" title="Fujiwara no Michinaga">Fujiwara no Michinaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minamoto_no_Yoritomo" title="Minamoto no Yoritomo">Minamoto no Yoritomo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamo_no_Mabuchi" title="Kamo no Mabuchi">Kamo no Mabuchi</a>, etc.), include the <i>no</i>.</li> <li>Use the macroned form if no other form is most commonly used.</li></ol></dd></dl> <p>For figures conventionally referred to in scholarly literature by their given names, refer to them by their given names, not their family names, within the article body. This is particularly important for members of large clans like the <a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_clan" title="Fujiwara clan">Fujiwara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minamoto_clan" title="Minamoto clan">Minamoto</a>: do not refer to <a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Teika" title="Fujiwara no Teika">Fujiwara no Teika</a> as "Fujiwara", but as "Teika". This also applies to the given names or pen names of certain early modern figures as well, such as <a href="/wiki/Natsume_S%C5%8Dseki" title="Natsume Sōseki">Natsume Sōseki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Masaoka_Shiki" title="Masaoka Shiki">Masaoka Shiki</a>. This is an exception to <a href="/wiki/MOS:FAMILYNAME" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:FAMILYNAME">MOS:FAMILYNAME</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Modern_names" data-mw-thread-id="h-Modern_names-Name_order"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Modern_names-Name_order"></span>Modern names<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Modern_names-Name_order"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Modern names" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>For modern figures, if no "most commonly used name" can be established, use the following as a guideline: </p> <dl><dd><ol><li>Use the form personally or professionally used by the person, if available in the English/Latin alphabet (this can include the spelling appearing on their official website or official social media profile, but <i>do not</i> rely on a URL when the actual text is all Japanese);</li> <li>Use the form found in an encyclopedia entry from a generally accepted English encyclopedia;</li> <li>Use the form publicly used on behalf of the person in the English-speaking world;</li> <li>Use the form publicly used on behalf of the person in any other popular Latin-alphabet-using language (French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, German, and Dutch, or variations); or</li> <li>If none of the above is available, default to the modified Hepburn romanisation (with macrons) and Japanese name order.</li></ol></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pseudonyms" data-mw-thread-id="h-Pseudonyms-Personal_names"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Pseudonyms-Personal_names"></span>Pseudonyms<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Pseudonyms-Personal_names"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Pseudonyms" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In the case of an actor, athlete, author, artist or other individual who is more well known under a <a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">pseudonym</a> (including an <a href="/wiki/Art-name" class="mw-redirect" title="Art-name">art</a> or <a href="/wiki/Stage_name" title="Stage name">stage name</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nom_de_plume" class="mw-redirect" title="Nom de plume">nom de plume</a>, or similar pseudonymic title, including if the pseudonym is in <i>family name</i> + <i>given name</i> format), whether hereditary or not, use the pseudonym as the article title, and note the additional names they may use (e.g., birth name, other pseudonyms), following the standards above. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Names_of_Emperors" data-mw-thread-id="h-Names_of_Emperors-Personal_names"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Names_of_Emperors-Personal_names"></span>Names of Emperors<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Names_of_Emperors-Personal_names"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Names of Emperors" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Except for Emperor <a href="/wiki/Hirohito" title="Hirohito">Hirohito</a>, all deceased Japanese Emperors, including Emperors from both the northern and southern courts during the <a href="/wiki/Nanboku-ch%C5%8D_period" title="Nanboku-chō period">Nanboku-chō period</a>, should use the form "Emperor {name}", which is a partial translation of their <a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">posthumous name</a>. Living Emperors should use the form "Emperor {name}" where "{name}" is their given birth name. The word <i>Emperor</i> is an integral part of the name and not merely a title, so it should be capitalized and the article <i>the</i> should not appear before it. It is also acceptable to refer to a Japanese Emperor without "Emperor", so long as the first appearance of the name uses the above format. Be sure to create appropriate redirects so that the version of the name without the title will bring the reader to the correct location. </p><p>Although posthumously named Emperor Shōwa, Hirohito can be called Emperor Hirohito (or simply Hirohito), as this continues to be the most widely known name for him in English. In a similar manner, the current Emperor may be referred to as Emperor <a href="/wiki/Naruhito" title="Naruhito">Naruhito</a>, or just Naruhito. It is incorrect to refer to him as Emperor Reiwa, as he will not be renamed Reiwa until after his death. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Place_names" data-mw-thread-id="h-Place_names"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Place_names"></span>Place names<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Place_names"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Place names" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <p><span class="anchor" id="Location_and_place_names"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:JPPLACE"></span><span id="WP:JPPLACE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:JPPLACE&redirect=no">MOS:JPPLACE</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:JPPLACE&redirect=no">WP:JPPLACE</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p><b>When disambiguation is required</b>: </p> <ul><li>For <b><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_Japan" title="Prefectures of Japan">prefectures</a></b>, use the form "{prefecture-name} Prefecture" without <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">ken</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">県</span></span>)</span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">fu</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">府</span></span>)</span>, or <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">to</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">都</span></span>)</span>; for example, <a href="/wiki/Tochigi_Prefecture" title="Tochigi Prefecture">Tochigi Prefecture</a>. <i><b>Exception:</b></i> Use <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Hokkaido</a> without "Prefecture" as this is common usage.</li> <li>For <b><a href="/wiki/Cities_of_Japan" title="Cities of Japan">cities</a></b>, use the form "{city-name}, {prefecture-name}"; for example, <a href="/wiki/Mishima,_Shizuoka" title="Mishima, Shizuoka">Mishima, Shizuoka</a>.</li> <li>For <b><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Japan" title="Districts of Japan">districts</a></b>, use the form "{district-name} District, {prefecture-name}"; for example, <a href="/wiki/Aki_District,_K%C5%8Dchi" title="Aki District, Kōchi">Aki District, Kōchi</a>.</li> <li>For <b><a href="/wiki/Towns_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Towns of Japan">towns</a></b> and <b><a href="/wiki/Villages_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Villages of Japan">villages</a></b>, use the form "{town or village-name}, {prefecture-name}"; for example, <a href="/wiki/Fujikawa,_Yamanashi" title="Fujikawa, Yamanashi">Fujikawa, Yamanashi</a>.</li> <li>For <b>wards in cities</b>, use the form "{ward-name}-ku, {city-name}"; for example, <a href="/wiki/Naka-ku,_Yokohama" title="Naka-ku, Yokohama">Naka-ku, Yokohama</a>.</li> <li>For the <b><a href="/wiki/23_special_wards" class="mw-redirect" title="23 special wards">23 special wards</a> in Tokyo</b>, use the form "{ward-name}, Tokyo"; for example, <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%AB%C5%8D,_Tokyo" title="Chūō, Tokyo">Chūō, Tokyo</a>.</li></ul> <p><em>In article titles</em>, however, do not include the ", Japan" part, and even the prefecture can be dropped for world-famous cities familiar to most Westerners, such as <a href="/wiki/Hiroshima" title="Hiroshima">Hiroshima</a> or <a href="/wiki/Kobe" title="Kobe">Kobe</a>. Please help ensure that redirects like <a href="/wiki/Taiki,_Mie_Prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiki, Mie Prefecture">Taiki, Mie Prefecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiki,_Mie,_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiki, Mie, Japan">Taiki, Mie, Japan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Taiki,_Mie_Prefecure,_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiki, Mie Prefecure, Japan">Taiki, Mie Prefecure, Japan</a> all exist, so that various attempts to links to places in the prose do not fail (or cause people to create accidental <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CONTENTFORK" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CONTENTFORK">duplicate articles</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Suffixes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Suffixes-Place_names"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Suffixes-Place_names"></span>Suffixes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Suffixes-Place_names"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Suffixes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Suffixes such as "City", "Town", "Village", and "Island" are generally superfluous in English and should be avoided; many of them would constitute made-up "names" that are not actually found with any regularity in reliable sources. An exception is when differentiating between two municipalities of the same name (i.e. if a town is "promoted" to a city of the same name), or between a prefecture and city of the same name (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Saga_Prefecture" title="Saga Prefecture">Saga Prefecture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saga_(city)" title="Saga (city)">Saga (city)</a>). Even in that case, though, "city of {name}" (lowercase) is preferred. When referring to the city government, use "City of {name}" (uppercase). </p><p>A notable exception is <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_City" title="Tokyo City">Tokyo City</a>, a historical city that existed in what is now Tokyo, to avoid possible confusion. </p><p>When suffixes are appropriate, capitalize them. For example, <a href="/wiki/Tochigi_Prefecture" title="Tochigi Prefecture">Tochigi Prefecture</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kashima_District,_Ibaraki" title="Kashima District, Ibaraki">Kashima District, Ibaraki</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ise_Province" title="Ise Province">Ise Province</a>; <a href="/wiki/Himeji_Castle" title="Himeji Castle">Himeji Castle</a>; <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Station" title="Tokyo Station">Tokyo Station</a>; <a href="/wiki/Satsuma_Domain" title="Satsuma Domain">Satsuma Domain</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Islands" data-mw-thread-id="h-Islands-Place_names"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Islands-Place_names"></span>Islands<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Islands-Place_names"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Islands" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Islands should be named <i>X Island(s)</i> if common usage does not require appending <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">-shima/jima/tō</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">島</span></span>)</span>: <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Island" title="Okinawa Island">Okinawa Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rebun_Island" title="Rebun Island">Rebun Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cnohara_Islands" title="Ōnohara Islands">Ōnohara Islands</a>. However, use the Japanese name complete with <i>-shima/jima</i> if the suffix forms an inseparable part of the name: <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cshima" class="mw-disambig" title="Ōshima">Ōshima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miyajima" class="mw-disambig" title="Miyajima">Miyajima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sakurajima" title="Sakurajima">Sakurajima</a>. Do not use hyphens or spaces to separate particles or suffixes: <a href="/wiki/Tokunoshima" title="Tokunoshima">Tokunoshima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Okinotorishima" title="Okinotorishima">Okinotorishima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chiringashima" title="Chiringashima">Chiringashima</a>. Notable exception: <a href="/wiki/Iwo_Jima" title="Iwo Jima">Iwo Jima</a>, which has a well-established spelling in English. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Temples_and_shrines" data-mw-thread-id="h-Temples_and_shrines-Place_names"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Temples_and_shrines-Place_names"></span>Temples and shrines<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Temples_and_shrines-Place_names"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Temples and shrines" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Use the Japanese name and insert a hyphen before <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">bō</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">坊</span></span>)</span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">dō</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">堂</span></span>)</span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">in</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">院</span></span>)</span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">ji</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">寺</span></span>)</span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">gū</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">宮</span></span>)</span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">sha</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">社</span></span>)</span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">taisha</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">大社</span></span>)</span>, and <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">tera/dera</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">寺</span></span>)</span>. <i>However</i>, write the English word "Shrine" in place of <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">jinja</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">神社</span></span>)</span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">jingū</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">神宮</span></span>)</span>, and <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">myōjin</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">明神</span></span>)</span>. Additionally, if any of the above appear <i>as part of an indivisible word</i> (such as <a href="/wiki/Hachimang%C5%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hachimangū">Hachimangū</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suiteng%C5%AB" title="Suitengū">Suitengū</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenmang%C5%AB" title="Tenmangū">Tenmangū</a>, <a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dsh%C5%8Dg%C5%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tōshōgū">Tōshōgū</a>, etc.), do not hyphenate. This is the way these words are most commonly spelled in reliable and/or official sources. Use common name instead of formal name (<a href="/wiki/Kinkaku-ji" title="Kinkaku-ji">Kinkaku-ji</a>, not <i>Rokuon-ji</i>; <a href="/wiki/Yama-dera" title="Yama-dera">Yama-dera</a>, not <i>Risshaku-ji</i>). All words are capitalized and place/personal names should be offset with a space. Use redirects liberally. </p><p>Do not add the word "Temple" into the title. Do not write English translations of names in article titles (where appropriate, they are welcome within the article, e.g. "The Temple of the Golden Pavilion"). Do not prefix <i>-san</i> names (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">山号</span></span></span>) (e.g. do not write "Kinryūzan Sensōji"; simply write "Sensōji"), unless absolutely necessary to distinguish famous temples of the same name and provide a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">hatnote</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation#Disambiguation_pages" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation">disambiguation page</a> (for example, <a href="/wiki/Hase-dera" title="Hase-dera">Hase-dera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hase-dera_(Kamakura)" title="Hase-dera (Kamakura)">Hase-dera (Kamakura)</a>). </p><p>Examples: </p> <ul><li>Temples: <a href="/wiki/Sens%C5%8D-ji" title="Sensō-ji">Sensō-ji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiyomizu-dera" title="Kiyomizu-dera">Kiyomizu-dera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanj%C5%ABsangen-d%C5%8D" title="Sanjūsangen-dō">Sanjūsangen-dō</a>, <a href="/wiki/By%C5%8Dd%C5%8D-in" title="Byōdō-in">Byōdō-in</a></li> <li>Shrines: <a href="/wiki/Nikk%C5%8D_T%C5%8Dsh%C5%8Dg%C5%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikkō Tōshōgū">Nikkō Tōshōgū</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsurugaoka_Hachimang%C5%AB" title="Tsurugaoka Hachimangū">Tsurugaoka Hachimangū</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kitano_Tenmang%C5%AB" title="Kitano Tenmangū">Kitano Tenmangū</a> <a href="/wiki/Fushimi_Inari-taisha" title="Fushimi Inari-taisha">Fushimi Inari-taisha</a> but <a href="/wiki/Meiji_Shrine" title="Meiji Shrine">Meiji Shrine</a> (<i>Meiji-jingū</i>), <a href="/wiki/Oyama_Shrine" class="mw-disambig" title="Oyama Shrine">Oyama Shrine</a> (<i>Oyama-jinja</i>), <a href="/wiki/Kanda_Shrine" title="Kanda Shrine">Kanda Shrine</a> (<i>Kanda-myōjin</i>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Train_and_subway_stations" data-mw-thread-id="h-Train_and_subway_stations-Place_names"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Train_and_subway_stations-Place_names"></span>Train and subway stations<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Train_and_subway_stations-Place_names"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Train and subway stations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li>The default name is <b>X Station</b>. (See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gsi.go.jp/common/000138865.pdf">Geographical Survey Institute, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport guidelines</a>)</li> <li>When necessary, disambiguate by geographical location: <b>Y Station</b> → <b>Y Station (Prefecture)</b> → <b>Y Station (City)</b> → <b>Y Station (City, Prefecture)</b>. The previous are examples only, and the title of the article should reflect <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:TITLE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:TITLE">WP:TITLE</a> which states, "Name an article as precisely as is necessary to indicate accurately its topical scope; avoid over-precision."</li> <li>Stations on private lines that have the same name as other train or subway stations in the same prefecture are disambiguated as <b>Z Station (PrivateCo)</b>. For example, there are two stations named Asakusa Station both located in Asakusa, Tokyo. One is an interchange station for 3 different train companies and one is a smaller station for the Tsukuba Express. As a default, the major station would be <b>Asakusa Station</b>, while the Tsukuba Express station is <b>Asakusa Station (Tsukuba Express)</b>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Addresses" data-mw-thread-id="h-Addresses-Place_names"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Addresses-Place_names"></span>Addresses<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Addresses-Place_names"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Addresses" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Japanese addresses should be written "Western style", where the order of specificity is <i>specific</i> to <i>general</i>, e.g.: </p> <dl><dd>{building number} {neighborhood}, {ku, city / town, district}, {prefecture}</dd></dl> <p>For example, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">愛媛県西宇和郡伊方町湊浦123番地</span></span> should be: </p> <dl><dd>123 Minatoura, Ikata-chō, Nishiuwa-gun, Ehime-ken</dd></dl> <p>This is the opposite of Japanese style. Other things to note: </p> <ul><li>Include, but do not translate, suffixes such as <i>-ken</i>, <i>-shi</i>, <i>-chō</i>, and <i>-gun</i>.</li> <li>Drop <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">chōme</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">丁目</span></span>, block number)</span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">banchi</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">番地</span></span>, house number)</span>, etc., and include only the numbers, hyphenated. E.g. <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">1丁目2番地3号室</span></span></span> should be <i>1-2-3</i>. <ul><li>Note that when the neighborhood's name contains a number, the neighborhood should not be reduced to that number. E.g. <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">三番町</span></span></span> should be <i>Sanban-chō</i>, not <i>3</i>.</li></ul></li> <li>Include <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">kō</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">甲</span></span>)</span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">otsu</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">乙</span></span>)</span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">kōchi</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">耕地</span></span>)</span>, etc. after the <i>banchi</i> numbers.</li> <li><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Ōaza</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">大字</span></span>)</span> and <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">aza</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">字</span></span>)</span> should be treated as prefixes to the <i>neighborhood</i> part of the address.</li> <li>Linebreaks are not required between any address elements.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Names_of_companies,_products,_and_organizations" data-mw-thread-id="h-Names_of_companies,_products,_and_organizations"><span id="Names_of_companies.2C_products.2C_and_organizations"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Names_of_companies,_products,_and_organizations"></span>Names of companies, products, and organizations<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Names_of_companies,_products,_and_organizations"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Names of companies, products, and organizations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <p>Follow the <a href="#General_guidelines">general guidelines</a> (above) to <a href="#Determining_common_usage">determine common usage</a>. You should generally honor the current anglicization used officially by that party as it will often be the form in common usage in English-language reliable sources. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Titles_of_media" data-mw-thread-id="h-Titles_of_media-Names_of_companies,_products,_and_organizations"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Titles_of_media-Names_of_companies,_products,_and_organizations"></span>Titles of media<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Titles_of_media-Names_of_companies,_products,_and_organizations"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Titles of media" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Titles_of_books_and_other_media"></span> </p> <dl><dd><b>Note:</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:ALBUMCAPS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:ALBUMCAPS">WP:ALBUMCAPS</a> delegates decisions on capitalization of album titles to the projects on individual languages. This section presents the Wikipedia convention for writing the titles of Japanese albums and other works.</i></dd></dl> <p>The titles of Japanese books, CDs, and other media products may incorporate typographical effects, punctuation, or capitalization conventions generally not used in reliable native English language sources. In all cases, this original title stylization should be included in the lead of the article. </p><p>Avoid using all capital letters (except acronyms/initials), all lowercase letters (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(technical_restrictions)#Lowercase_first_letter" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)">a technical restriction</a>), or alternating upper and lower casing in article titles. For example, the Japanese Wikipedia has an article titled "<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%98VE" class="extiw" title="ja:LØVE">LØVE</a>". On the English Wikipedia, this article is found at "<a href="/wiki/Love_(Mika_Nakashima_album)" title="Love (Mika Nakashima album)">Love (Mika Nakashima album)</a>". Likewise, the article located at "<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/i_spy_i_spy" class="extiw" title="ja:i spy i spy">i spy i spy</a>" at the Japanese Wikipedia is located at "<a href="/wiki/I_Spy_I_Spy" title="I Spy I Spy">I Spy I Spy</a>" on the English Wikipedia. </p><p>Avoid using decorative or unusual punctuation mark conventions in article titles, particularly if they do not affect the overall pronunciation of the name. For example, the article on the song located at "<span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHE.R.RY" class="extiw" title="ja:CHE.R.RY">CHE.R.RY</a></i></span></span>" on the Japanese Wikipedia is located at "<a href="/wiki/Cherry_(Yui_song)" title="Cherry (Yui song)">Cherry (Yui song)</a>" here. "<a href="/wiki/CHE.R.RY" class="mw-redirect" title="CHE.R.RY">CHE.R.RY</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Che.r.ry" class="mw-redirect" title="Che.r.ry">Che.r.ry</a>" are not suitable article titles, but are suitable <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect" title="Wikipedia:Redirect">redirects</a>. Likewise, the song "<span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/m%E3%83%BBa%E3%83%BBz%E3%83%BBe" class="extiw" title="ja:m・a・z・e">m・a・z・e</a></i></span></span>" is located at "<a href="/wiki/Maze_(Kumi_Koda_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maze (Kumi Koda song)">Maze (Kumi Koda song)</a>" rather than "<a href="/wiki/M.a.z.e" class="mw-redirect" title="M.a.z.e">m.a.z.e</a>" or "<a href="/wiki/M%C2%B7a%C2%B7z%C2%B7e" class="mw-redirect" title="M·a·z·e">m·a·z·e</a>", and if there were an article on the television program located at "<span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%97I%C3%97V%C3%97E" class="extiw" title="ja:L×I×V×E">L×I×V×E</a></i></span></span>" at the Japanese Wikipedia it would be at "Live (television series)" on the English Wikipedia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Capitalization_of_the_Hepburn_romanization" data-mw-thread-id="h-Capitalization_of_the_Hepburn_romanization-Titles_of_media"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Capitalization_of_the_Hepburn_romanization-Titles_of_media"></span>Capitalization of the Hepburn romanization<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Capitalization_of_the_Hepburn_romanization-Titles_of_media"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Capitalization of the Hepburn romanization" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Always capitalize every word in the romanization of the title of any Japanese media (albums, songs, TV episodes, films), except for any of the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_particles" title="Japanese particles">sentence particles</a>, such as <i>wa</i>, <i>to</i>, and <i>ga</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Subtitles" data-mw-thread-id="h-Subtitles-Titles_of_media"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Subtitles-Titles_of_media"></span>Subtitles<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Subtitles-Titles_of_media"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Subtitles" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In Japanese it is common to put straight dashes (<b>-</b>), swung dashes (<b><span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">〜</span></span></span></b>), or tildes (<b>~</b> or <b><span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">～</span></span></span></b>) around media titles or subtitles; this is discouraged on the English Wikipedia. Instead, change these subtitles to how they would appear in the titles of media released in English-speaking countries: a single colon (<b>:</b>) for albums, films, television series, and books, and a set of parentheses (<b>(</b> and <b>)</b>) for songs, television episodes, and other media. For example, the album known as "<span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/BEST%E3%80%9Cfirst_things%E3%80%9C" class="extiw" title="ja:BEST〜first things〜">BEST〜first things〜</a></i></span></span>" on the Japanese Wikipedia is located here at "<a href="/wiki/Best:_First_Things" title="Best: First Things">Best: First Things</a>", and the song called "<span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_miss_you_%E3%80%9C%E6%99%82%E3%82%92%E8%B6%8A%E3%81%88%E3%81%A6%E3%80%9C" class="extiw" title="ja:I miss you 〜時を越えて〜">I miss you 〜時を越えて〜</a></span></span></span>" is located here at "<a href="/wiki/I_Miss_You_(Toki_o_Koete)" title="I Miss You (Toki o Koete)">I Miss You (Toki o Koete)</a>". </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Using_Japanese_characters_on_the_English_Wikipedia" data-mw-thread-id="h-Using_Japanese_characters_on_the_English_Wikipedia"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Using_Japanese_characters_on_the_English_Wikipedia"></span>Using Japanese characters on the English Wikipedia<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Using_Japanese_characters_on_the_English_Wikipedia"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Using Japanese characters on the English Wikipedia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <p>Since the conversion of the English Wikipedia to the use of the <a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a> <a href="/wiki/Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">character encoding</a>, most characters used around the world can be used directly in Wikipedia articles. That includes Japanese. </p><p>Fonts for Japanese are standard for most modern operating systems. Nonetheless, some users may not have the fonts needed to display <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">kana</a>, and many users will not know how to pronounce them. Therefore, Japanese characters should normally be accompanied by transliterations into the Latin alphabet (<i>rōmaji</i>) based on <a href="/wiki/Hepburn_romanization" title="Hepburn romanization">Hepburn romanization</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japanese_words_spelled_with_the_full_stop" data-mw-thread-id="h-Japanese_words_spelled_with_the_full_stop-Using_Japanese_characters_on_the_English_Wikipedia"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Japanese_words_spelled_with_the_full_stop-Using_Japanese_characters_on_the_English_Wikipedia"></span>Japanese words spelled with the full stop<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Japanese_words_spelled_with_the_full_stop-Using_Japanese_characters_on_the_English_Wikipedia"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Japanese words spelled with the full stop" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Words spelled with the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_punctuation#Words_containing_full_stops" title="Japanese punctuation">Japanese full stop</a> (。) should not be spelled with the English period (.) in running text or titles. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Film_credits_glossary" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Film credits glossary">Film credits glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan">Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Japan/Districts_and_municipalities_task_force/guideline" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Districts and municipalities task force/guideline">Wikipedia:WikiProject Japan/Districts and municipalities task force/guideline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Martial_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Martial Arts">Wikipedia:WikiProject Martial Arts</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Manual_of_Style" title="Template talk:Manual of Style"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Manual_of_Style" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Manual of Style"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Manual_of_Style" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style">Overview</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Contents</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Styletips" title="Wikipedia:Styletips">Tips</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(content)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (content)">Content</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Accessibility" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biography" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography">Biography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Disambiguation_pages" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages">Disambiguation pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Organizing_disambiguation_pages_by_subject_area" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Organizing disambiguation pages by subject area">Organizing by subject area</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Gender_identity" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Gender identity">Gender identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hidden_text" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hidden text">Hidden text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Infoboxes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking">Linking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Self-references_to_avoid" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Self-references to avoid">Self-references</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">Words to watch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(formatting)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (formatting)">Formatting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Abbreviations" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Capital_letters" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters">Capitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">Dates and numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Pronunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Spelling" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Spelling">Spelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">Text formatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Titles of works">Titles of works</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(images)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (images)">Images</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Captions">Captions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy#Adding_images_to_articles" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Image placement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Icons" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Icons">Icons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Images" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images">Images</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(layout)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (layout)">Layout</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">Lead section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Tables" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Tables">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trivia_sections" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trivia sections">Trivia sections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(lists)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (lists)">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists of works">Lists of works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Road_junction_lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Road junction lists">Road junctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Stand-alone_lists" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Stand-alone lists">Stand-alone lists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">By topic area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(legal)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (legal)">Legal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Legal" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Legal">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trademarks" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trademarks">Trademarks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(arts)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (arts)">Arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Anime_and_manga" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Anime and manga">Anime and manga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Comics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Film" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lyrics_and_poetry" title="Wikipedia:Lyrics and poetry">Lyrics and poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Novels" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Novels">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Television" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Video_games" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Visual arts">Visual arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Writing_about_fiction" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Writing about fiction">Writing about fiction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(music)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (music)">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music_samples" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music samples">Music samples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Record_charts" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Record charts">Record charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Stringed_instrument_tunings" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Stringed instrument tunings">Stringed instruments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(history)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (history)">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Blazon" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Blazon">Blazons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Military_history" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Military history">Military history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(regional)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (regional)">Regional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)#Specific_topics" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)">Specific naming conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Canada-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Canada-related articles">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/China-_and_Chinese-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/China- and Chinese-related articles">China (and Chinese)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/France-_and_French-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/France- and French-related articles">France (and French)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Egypt-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Egypt-related articles">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hawaii-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hawaii-related articles">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/India-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/India-related articles">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Indonesia-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Indonesia-related articles">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Ireland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Ireland-related articles">Ireland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Korea-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Korea-related articles">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Malaysia-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Malaysia-related articles">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Macedonia)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Macedonia)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pakistan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pakistan-related articles">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Philippines-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Philippines-related articles">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Poland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Poland-related articles">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Singapore-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Singapore-related articles">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Trinidad_and_Tobago/Style_guide" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Trinidad and Tobago/Style guide">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(religion)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (religion)">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Islam-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Islam-related articles">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Latter_Day_Saints" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Latter Day Saints">Latter Day Saints</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(science)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (science)">Science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Mathematics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Medicine-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Medicine-related articles">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry">Chemistry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Compound_classes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Compound classes">Compound classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Chemicals" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Chemicals">Chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/References_and_external_links" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/References and external links">References and external links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Safety" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Safety">Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Structure_drawing" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Structure drawing">Structure drawing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Computer_science" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Computer science">Computer science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxobox/doc" title="Template:Taxobox/doc">Taxonomy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(sports)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (sports)">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Cue_sports" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Cue sports">Cue sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Snooker" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Snooker">Snooker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Figure_skating" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Figure skating">Figure skating</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Figure_skating_terminology" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Figure skating terminology">Terminology</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(related_guidelines)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (related guidelines)">Related guidelines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_size" title="Wikipedia:Article size">Article size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Article titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates">Categories, lists, and navigation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">Hatnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Subpages" title="Wikipedia:Subpages">Subpages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">Understandability</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Search</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form-inline" action="/wiki/Special:Search" id="style-wide-searchbox"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input class="mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" placeholder="e.g. image placement" size="25" dir="ltr"></div><input type="hidden" value="Wikipedia:Manual of Style" name="prefix"> <input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Search the MoS" class="cdx-button"><input type="hidden" value="Search" name="fulltext"></form></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&oldid=1257886302">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&oldid=1257886302</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Beland" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1731812738"> <span>Last edited on 17 November 2024, at 03:05</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="ويكيبيديا:تعريب اليابانية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويكيبيديا:تعريب اليابانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedie:Transkripce_japon%C5%A1tiny" title="Wikipedie:Transkripce japonštiny – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Wikipedie:Transkripce japonštiny" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Namenskonventionen/Japanisch" title="Wikipedia:Namenskonventionen/Japanisch – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wikipedia:Namenskonventionen/Japanisch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_de_estilo/Art%C3%ADculos_relacionados_con_Jap%C3%B3n" title="Wikipedia:Manual de estilo/Artículos relacionados con Japón – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Wikipedia:Manual de estilo/Artículos relacionados con Japón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B7_%D8%A8%D9%87_%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%86" title="ویکی‌پدیا:شیوه‌نامه/مقاله‌های مربوط به ژاپن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویکی‌پدیا:شیوه‌نامه/مقاله‌های مربوط به ژاپن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Transcription_du_japonais" title="Wikipédia:Transcription du japonais – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Wikipédia:Transcription du japonais" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Nummkonventiounen/Japanesch" title="Wikipedia:Nummkonventiounen/Japanesch – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Wikipedia:Nummkonventiounen/Japanesch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%95%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား:ဂျပန်အမည်များ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဝီကီပီးဒီးယား:ဂျပန်အမည်များ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" 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