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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prehistory_(Neolithic_and_Chalcolithic_periods)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory_(Neolithic_and_Chalcolithic_periods)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Prehistory (Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory_(Neolithic_and_Chalcolithic_periods)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_Bronze_Age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Bronze_Age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Early Bronze Age</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Bronze_Age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Bronze_Age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Bronze_Age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Middle Bronze Age</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Bronze_Age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_Bronze_Age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_Bronze_Age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Late Bronze Age</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_Bronze_Age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Egyptian_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egyptian_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Egyptian period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egyptian_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iron_Age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iron_Age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Iron Age</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iron_Age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Biblical_narrative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biblical_narrative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.1</span> <span>Biblical narrative</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biblical_narrative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hellenistic_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hellenistic_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Hellenistic period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hellenistic_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Roman period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Byzantine_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Byzantine period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_Muslim_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Muslim_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Early Muslim period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Muslim_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crusader_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crusader_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Crusader period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crusader_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mamluk_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mamluk_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Mamluk period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mamluk_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ottoman_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12</span> <span>Ottoman period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_Mandate_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Mandate_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.13</span> <span>British Mandate period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_Mandate_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1948_Palestine_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1948_Palestine_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.14</span> <span>1948 Palestine war</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1948_Palestine_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_of_Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_of_Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.15</span> <span>State of Israel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_of_Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archaeology_and_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaeology_and_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Archaeology and tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archaeology_and_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Earthquakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Earthquakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Earthquakes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Earthquakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historic_images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic_images"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Historic images</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historic_images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-University_of_Pennsylvania_excavations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#University_of_Pennsylvania_excavations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.1</span> <span>University of Pennsylvania excavations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-University_of_Pennsylvania_excavations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hebrew_University_Jerusalem_excavations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hebrew_University_Jerusalem_excavations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.2</span> <span>Hebrew University Jerusalem excavations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hebrew_University_Jerusalem_excavations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.3</span> <span>General</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Beit She'an</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bet_Sche%27an" title="Bet Sche'an – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Bet Sche'an" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بيسان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيسان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82_%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бейт Шеан – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бейт Шеан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bet-Xean" title="Bet-Xean – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bet-Xean" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bet_She%27an_(lungsod)" title="Bet She'an (lungsod) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bet She'an (lungsod)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bejt_%C5%A0e%27an" title="Bejt Še'an – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bejt Še'an" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bet_Sche%CA%BEan" title="Bet Scheʾan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bet Scheʾan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AD%CE%B9%CF%84_%CE%A3%CE%B5%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Μπέιτ Σεάν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπέιτ Σεάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_She%27an" title="Beit She'an – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Beit She'an" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bejt_%C5%9Ce%27an" title="Bejt Ŝe'an – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bejt Ŝe'an" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بیت‌شئان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بیت‌شئان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Be%C3%AFt_Sh%C3%A9an" title="Beït Shéan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Beït Shéan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%ED%8A%B8%EC%85%B0%EC%95%88" title="베트셰안 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="베트셰안" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%A9_%D5%87%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Բեյթ Շեան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բեյթ Շեան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_She%27an" title="Beit She'an – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Beit She'an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_She%27an" title="Beit She'an – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Beit She'an" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F" title="בית שאן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בית שאן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%97-%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ბეთ-შეანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბეთ-შეანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_She%27an" title="Beit She'an – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Beit She'an" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_%C5%A0eanas" title="Beit Šeanas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Beit Šeanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9t-Se%C3%A1n" title="Bét-Seán – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bét-Seán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бет Шеан – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бет Шеан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بيسان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بيسان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beet_She%27an" title="Beet She'an – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Beet She'an" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3" title="ベト・シェアン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ベト・シェアン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bet-Sjean" title="Bet-Sjean – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bet-Sjean" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_She%27an" title="Beit She'an – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Beit She'an" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bet_Sze%E2%80%99an" title="Bet Sze’an – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bet Sze’an" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bete-Se%C3%A3" title="Bete-Seã – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bete-Seã" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_%C8%98e%27an" title="Beit Șe'an – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Beit Șe'an" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82-%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бейт-Шеан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бейт-Шеан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_She%27an" title="Beit She'an – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Beit She'an" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_She%27an" title="Beit She'an – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Beit She'an" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бет Шеан – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бет Шеан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_%C5%A0e%27an" title="Beit Še'an – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Beit Še'an" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_She%E2%80%99an" title="Beit She’an – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Beit She’an" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bet_She%27an" title="Bet She'an – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bet She'an" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_She%27an" title="Beit She'an – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Beit She'an" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisan" title="Bisan – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Bisan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="เบตชิอัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เบตชิอัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bet_%C5%9Eean" title="Bet Şean – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bet Şean" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82-%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бейт-Шеан – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бейт-Шеан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بیت شیان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بیت شیان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_She%27an" title="Beit She'an – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Beit She'an" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F" title="בית שאן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בית שאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E7%89%B9%E8%AC%9D%E5%AE%89" title="貝特謝安 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="貝特謝安" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q152368#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Beit_She%27an&params=32_30_N_35_30_E_region:IL-Z_city(19,000)_type:city(19073)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">35°30′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.500°N 35.500°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.500; 35.500</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ancient settlement and town in Israel</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Beit_She%27an_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Beit She'an (disambiguation)">Beit She'an (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Beisan" redirects here. For the Ancient Egyptian steles discovered in this locality, see <a href="/wiki/Beisan_steles" title="Beisan steles">Beisan steles</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Bissan" redirects here. For the data scientist, see <a href="/wiki/Bissan_Al-Lazikani" title="Bissan Al-Lazikani">Bissan Al-Lazikani</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Town in Israel</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Beit She'an</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">בֵּית שְׁאָן</span>‎</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Israel" title="List of cities in Israel">town</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Hebrew transcription(s)</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/ISO_259" title="ISO 259">ISO 259</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Beit Šˀan</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Translit.</th><td class="infobox-data">Bet Šəʼan</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Also spelled</th><td class="infobox-data">Bet She'an (official)<br />Beth Shean (unofficial)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beit_shean.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Beit She'an"><img alt="Beit She'an" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Beit_shean.jpg/250px-Beit_shean.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Beit_shean.jpg/375px-Beit_shean.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Beit_shean.jpg/500px-Beit_shean.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Beit She'an</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bet_Shean_COA.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Beit She'an"><img alt="Official logo of Beit She'an" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Bet_Shean_COA.png/100px-Bet_Shean_COA.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Bet_Shean_COA.png/150px-Bet_Shean_COA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Bet_Shean_COA.png/200px-Bet_Shean_COA.png 2x" data-file-width="573" data-file-height="472" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Israel_outline_jezreel.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Beit She'an is located in Jezreel Valley region of Israel"><img alt="Beit She'an is located in Jezreel Valley region of Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Israel_outline_jezreel.png/250px-Israel_outline_jezreel.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Israel_outline_jezreel.png/375px-Israel_outline_jezreel.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Israel_outline_jezreel.png/500px-Israel_outline_jezreel.png 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="366" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:70.565%;left:87.709%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Beit She'an"><img alt="Beit She'an" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Beit She'an</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Jezreel Valley region of Israel</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Beit She'an is located in Israel"><img alt="Beit She'an is located in Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg/250px-Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="465" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg/375px-Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg/500px-Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="1141" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:23.81%;left:69.231%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Beit She'an"><img alt="Beit She'an" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Beit She'an</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Israel</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Beit_She%27an&params=32_30_N_35_30_E_region:IL-Z_city(19,000)_type:city(19073)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">35°30′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.500°N 35.500°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.500; 35.500</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Israel" title="Districts of Israel">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Northern_District_(Israel)" title="Northern District (Israel)">Northern</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">6th–5th millennia BCE <small>(Earliest settlement)</small><br />Bronze Age <small>(<a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaanite</a> town)</small></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Levy" title="Jackie Levy">Jackie Levy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">7,330 <a href="/wiki/Dunam" title="Dunam">dunams</a> (7.33 km<sup>2</sup> or 2.83 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022)<sup id="cite_ref-Israelpopulations_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Israelpopulations-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">19,073</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,600/km<sup>2</sup> (6,700/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Name meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">House of Tranquillity<sup id="cite_ref-Shahin_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shahin-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.bet-shean.org.il">http://www.bet-shean.org.il</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_films_(1937)._Beisan_mound_LOC_matpc.17062.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Air_films_%281937%29._Beisan_mound_LOC_matpc.17062.jpg/220px-Air_films_%281937%29._Beisan_mound_LOC_matpc.17062.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Air_films_%281937%29._Beisan_mound_LOC_matpc.17062.jpg/330px-Air_films_%281937%29._Beisan_mound_LOC_matpc.17062.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Air_films_%281937%29._Beisan_mound_LOC_matpc.17062.jpg/440px-Air_films_%281937%29._Beisan_mound_LOC_matpc.17062.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4662" data-file-height="3623" /></a><figcaption>Archaeological excavation at Tell Beth Shean in 1937. The town is seen at the top half of the picture</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Beit She'an</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">בֵּית שְׁאָן</span> <i><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/61\/He-Bet_Shean.ogg\/He-Bet_Shean.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"B\u0113\u1e6f \u0160\u0259\u02be\u0101n"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"He-Bet Shean.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/He-Bet_Shean.ogg/He-Bet_Shean.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Bēṯ Šəʾān</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:He-Bet_Shean.ogg" title="File:He-Bet Shean.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></i>), also <b>Beth-shean</b>, formerly <b>Beisan</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">بيسان</span> <i><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/82\/Ar-Bisan.ogg\/Ar-Bisan.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Bis\u0101n"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ar-Bisan.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/82/Ar-Bisan.ogg/Ar-Bisan.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Bisān</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ar-Bisan.ogg" title="File:Ar-Bisan.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></i>),<sup id="cite_ref-Shahin_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shahin-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a town in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_District_(Israel)" title="Northern District (Israel)">Northern District</a> of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>. The town lies at the <a href="/wiki/Beit_She%27an_Valley" title="Beit She'an Valley">Beit She'an Valley</a> about 120 m (394 feet) below sea level. </p><p>Beit She'an is believed to be one of the oldest cities in the region. It has played an important role in history due to its geographical location at the junction of the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River Valley</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Jezreel_Valley" title="Jezreel Valley">Jezreel Valley</a>. Beth She'an's ancient <a href="/wiki/Tell_(archaeology)" title="Tell (archaeology)">tell</a> contains remains beginning in the <a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic period</a>. When <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a> came under <a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">Imperial Egyptian rule</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Late_Bronze_Age_collapse" title="Late Bronze Age collapse">Late Bronze Age</a>, Beth She'an served as a major Egyptian administrative center.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city came under <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelite</a> rule in the monarchic period. It probably fell under <a href="/wiki/Philistines" title="Philistines">Philistine</a> control during the time of <a href="/wiki/Saul" title="Saul">Saul</a>, when, according to the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>, his body was displayed there along with his sons.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic period</a>, the settlement was known as <b>Scythopolis</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a>: <i>Σκυθόπολις</i>). After the region came under <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> rule, Scythopolis gained imperial free status and was the leading city of the <a href="/wiki/Decapolis" title="Decapolis">Decapolis</a>. A multi-cultural metropolis under <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> rule, it served as the capital of the province of <a href="/wiki/Palaestina_Secunda" title="Palaestina Secunda">Palaestina Secunda</a>, and had a mixed population of <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">pagans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Levant" title="Muslim conquest of the Levant">Arab conquest of the Levant</a>, and following a series of devastating earthquakes (most notably in <a href="/wiki/749_Galilee_earthquake" title="749 Galilee earthquake">749</a>), the city lost its prominence, and became a medium-sized country town.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The population of the town was completely changed from 1948 to 1950. It had been entirely <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslim</a> and Christian, designated to be part of the Jewish state in the 1947 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine</a>, and was captured by the <a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a> in May 1948. The battle over the town during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Gideon" title="Operation Gideon">Operation Gideon</a> caused most of its inhabitants to flee, and the remainder were expelled.<sup id="cite_ref-Golan_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Golan-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town was then resettled by Jewish immigrants.<sup id="cite_ref-Golan_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Golan-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, Beit She'an serves as a regional centre for the towns in the Beit She'an Valley. The ancient city ruins are now protected within the <a href="/wiki/National_parks_and_nature_reserves_of_Israel" title="National parks and nature reserves of Israel">Beit She'an National Park</a>. The town is located near the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_River_Crossing" title="Jordan River Crossing">Jordan River Crossing</a>, one of three crossing points between Israel and <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beit_She%27an&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_2382_Geography_of_Israel_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/PikiWiki_Israel_2382_Geography_of_Israel_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F.JPG/220px-PikiWiki_Israel_2382_Geography_of_Israel_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/PikiWiki_Israel_2382_Geography_of_Israel_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F.JPG/330px-PikiWiki_Israel_2382_Geography_of_Israel_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/PikiWiki_Israel_2382_Geography_of_Israel_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F.JPG/440px-PikiWiki_Israel_2382_Geography_of_Israel_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F.JPG 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption>Ancient ruins of Beit She'an</figcaption></figure> <p>Beit She'an's location has always been strategically significant, due to its position at the junction of the Jordan River Valley and the <a href="/wiki/Jezreel_Valley" title="Jezreel Valley">Jezreel Valley</a>, essentially controlling access from <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> and the inland to the coast, as well as from <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho">Jericho</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a>. </p><p>Beit She'an is situated on <a href="/wiki/Highway_90_(Israel%E2%80%93Palestine)" title="Highway 90 (Israel–Palestine)">Highway 90</a>, the north–south road which runs the length of the eastern edge of Israel and the West Bank. The city stretches over an area of 7 square kilometers with a substantial national park in the north of the city. Beit She'an has a population of 20,000.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today the town is under the administration of the <a href="/wiki/Emek_HaMaayanot_Regional_Council" title="Emek HaMaayanot Regional Council">Emek HaMa'ayanot Regional Council</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beit_She%27an&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory_(Neolithic_and_Chalcolithic_periods)"><span id="Prehistory_.28Neolithic_and_Chalcolithic_periods.29"></span>Prehistory (Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beit_She%27an&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prehistory (Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1933, archaeologist G.M. FitzGerald, under the auspices of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Pennsylvania Museum">University of Pennsylvania Museum</a>, carried out a "deep cut" on Tell el-Hisn ("castle hill"), the large <a href="/wiki/Tell_(archaeology)" title="Tell (archaeology)">tell</a>, or mound, of Beth She'an, in order to determine the earliest occupation of the site. His results suggest that settlement began in the <a href="/wiki/Late_Neolithic" title="Late Neolithic">Late Neolithic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Early_Chalcolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Chalcolithic">Early Chalcolithic</a> periods (sixth to fifth millennia BC.)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Occupation continued intermittently throughout the Late Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods, with a likely gap during the Late Chalcolithic period (ca. 4000–3300 BC).<sup id="cite_ref-Braun,_p.61-64_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Braun,_p.61-64-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Bronze_Age">Early Bronze Age</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beit_She%27an&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early Bronze Age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BetShe%27an_-_an_ancient_house_of_Egyptian_governor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/BetShe%27an_-_an_ancient_house_of_Egyptian_governor.jpg/220px-BetShe%27an_-_an_ancient_house_of_Egyptian_governor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/BetShe%27an_-_an_ancient_house_of_Egyptian_governor.jpg/330px-BetShe%27an_-_an_ancient_house_of_Egyptian_governor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/BetShe%27an_-_an_ancient_house_of_Egyptian_governor.jpg/440px-BetShe%27an_-_an_ancient_house_of_Egyptian_governor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>House of the Egyptian governor on Tell el-Husn</figcaption></figure> <p>Settlement seems to have resumed at the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Early_Bronze_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Bronze Age">Early Bronze Age</a> I (3200–3000) and continues throughout this period, is then missing during the Early Bronze Age II, and then resumes in the Early Bronze Age III.<sup id="cite_ref-Braun,_p.61-64_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Braun,_p.61-64-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Bronze_Age">Middle Bronze Age</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beit_She%27an&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Middle Bronze Age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A large cemetery on the northern mound was in use from the Bronze Age to <a href="/wiki/Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine">Byzantine</a> times.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaanite</a> graves dating from 2000 to 1600 BC were discovered there in 1926.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_Bronze_Age">Late Bronze Age</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beit_She%27an&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Late Bronze Age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Egyptian_period">Egyptian period</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beit_She%27an&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Egyptian period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Megiddo_(15th_century_BC)" title="Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC)">conquest of Beit She'an by Pharaoh Thutmose III</a> in the 15th century BCE, as recorded in an inscription at <a href="/wiki/Karnak" title="Karnak">Karnak</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the small town on the summit of the mound became the center of the Egyptian administration of the region.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Egyptian newcomers changed the organization of the town and left a great deal of material culture behind. A large Canaanite temple (39 m (128 ft) in length) excavated by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Pennsylvania Museum">University of Pennsylvania Museum</a> (Penn Museum) may date from about the same period as <a href="/wiki/Thutmose_III" title="Thutmose III">Thutmose III</a>'s conquest, though the Hebrew University excavations suggest that it dates to a later period.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Artifacts of potential cultic significance were found around the temple. Based on <a href="/wiki/Beisan_steles" title="Beisan steles">an Egyptian stele</a> found at the place, the temple was dedicated to the god Mekal.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew University">Hebrew University</a> excavations determined that this temple was built on the site of an earlier one.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Egyptian_governor%27s_house,_12th_century_BC,_Scythopolis_(Beit_She%27an),_Israel_(25860307202).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/The_Egyptian_governor%27s_house%2C_12th_century_BC%2C_Scythopolis_%28Beit_She%27an%29%2C_Israel_%2825860307202%29.jpg/220px-The_Egyptian_governor%27s_house%2C_12th_century_BC%2C_Scythopolis_%28Beit_She%27an%29%2C_Israel_%2825860307202%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/The_Egyptian_governor%27s_house%2C_12th_century_BC%2C_Scythopolis_%28Beit_She%27an%29%2C_Israel_%2825860307202%29.jpg/330px-The_Egyptian_governor%27s_house%2C_12th_century_BC%2C_Scythopolis_%28Beit_She%27an%29%2C_Israel_%2825860307202%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/The_Egyptian_governor%27s_house%2C_12th_century_BC%2C_Scythopolis_%28Beit_She%27an%29%2C_Israel_%2825860307202%29.jpg/440px-The_Egyptian_governor%27s_house%2C_12th_century_BC%2C_Scythopolis_%28Beit_She%27an%29%2C_Israel_%2825860307202%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Lion and Lioness, 14th century BC</figcaption></figure> <p>One of the most important finds near the temple is the Lion and Lioness (or a dog<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) stela, currently in the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Museum" title="Israel Museum">Israel Museum</a> in Jerusalem, which depicts the two playing.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the three hundred years of rule by the <a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom of Egypt</a>, the population of Beit She'an appears to have been primarily Egyptian administrative officials and military personnel. The town was completely rebuilt, following a new layout, during the <a href="/wiki/19th_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="19th dynasty">19th dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Penn Museum excavations uncovered <a href="/wiki/Beisan_steles" title="Beisan steles">two important stelae</a> from the period of <a href="/wiki/Seti_I" title="Seti I">Seti I</a> and a monument of <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_II" title="Ramesses II">Ramesses II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of those steles is particularly interesting because, according to <a href="/wiki/William_F._Albright" title="William F. Albright">William F. Albright</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it testifies to the presence of a Hebrew population: the <a href="/wiki/Habiru" class="mw-redirect" title="Habiru">Habiru</a>, which Seti I protected from an Asiatic tribe. Pottery was produced locally, but some was made to mimic Egyptian forms.<sup id="cite_ref-rehov.org_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rehov.org-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Canaanite goods existed alongside Egyptian imports, or locally made Egyptian-style objects.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/20th_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Dynasty">20th Dynasty</a> saw the construction of large administrative buildings in Beit She'an, including "Building 1500", a small palace for the Egyptian governor.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 20th Dynasty, invasions of the "<a href="/wiki/Sea_Peoples" title="Sea Peoples">Sea Peoples</a>" upset Egypt's control over the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mediterranean" title="Eastern Mediterranean">Eastern Mediterranean</a>. Though the exact circumstances are unclear, the entire site of Beit She'an was destroyed by fire around 1150 BC. The Egyptians did not attempt to rebuild their administrative center and finally lost control of the region. </p><p>Over 50 clay anthropoid coffins were found at the site mainly from the 13th and 12th centuries BC. Most are in the typical Egyptian style but some are of a "grotesque" type linked to the Aegean which caused earlier archaeologists to suggest they were of the "sea peoples" which pharaoh Ramses III claimed to have resettled in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iron_Age">Iron Age</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beit_She%27an&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Iron Age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Terracotta_sarcophagus_Beth_Shean_northern_cemetery_tomb_202A_Iron_IA_1200-1150_BCE_Penn_Museum_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Terracotta_sarcophagus_Beth_Shean_northern_cemetery_tomb_202A_Iron_IA_1200-1150_BCE_Penn_Museum_02.jpg/220px-Terracotta_sarcophagus_Beth_Shean_northern_cemetery_tomb_202A_Iron_IA_1200-1150_BCE_Penn_Museum_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Terracotta_sarcophagus_Beth_Shean_northern_cemetery_tomb_202A_Iron_IA_1200-1150_BCE_Penn_Museum_02.jpg/330px-Terracotta_sarcophagus_Beth_Shean_northern_cemetery_tomb_202A_Iron_IA_1200-1150_BCE_Penn_Museum_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Terracotta_sarcophagus_Beth_Shean_northern_cemetery_tomb_202A_Iron_IA_1200-1150_BCE_Penn_Museum_02.jpg/440px-Terracotta_sarcophagus_Beth_Shean_northern_cemetery_tomb_202A_Iron_IA_1200-1150_BCE_Penn_Museum_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2435" data-file-height="2187" /></a><figcaption>Terracotta sarcophagus Beth Shean northern cemetery tomb 202A Iron IA 1200–1150 BCE Penn Museum 02</figcaption></figure> <p>An <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> I (1200–1000 BC) Canaanite city was constructed on the site of the Egyptian center shortly after its destruction.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>, around 1000 BC the town became part of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(United_Monarchy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Israel (United Monarchy)">larger Israelite kingdom</a>. <a href="/wiki/1_Kings" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Kings">1 Kings</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Kings%204:12&version=nrsv">1 Kings 4:12</a>) refers to Beit She'an as part of the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a>, though the historical accuracy of this list is debated.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, recent archaeomagnetic dates suggest that the first Israelite urban settlement was established either during the Solomonic period or in the pre-Omride phase of the early <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)" title="Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)">kingdom of Israel</a> at the latest, and that it was probably destroyed around 935–900 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Assyrian</a> conquest of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)" title="Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)">northern kingdom of Israel</a> under <a href="/wiki/Tiglath-Pileser_III" title="Tiglath-Pileser III">Tiglath-Pileser III</a> (732 BC) brought about the destruction of Beit She'an by fire.<sup id="cite_ref-rehov.org_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rehov.org-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Minimal reoccupation occurred until the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rehov.org_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rehov.org-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Biblical_narrative">Biblical narrative</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beit_She%27an&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Biblical narrative"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> identifies Beit She'an as where the bodies of <a href="/wiki/King_Saul" class="mw-redirect" title="King Saul">King Saul</a> and three of his sons were hung by the <a href="/wiki/Philistines" title="Philistines">Philistines</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Saul" title="Saul">Battle of Gilboa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the biblical narrative, the battle was fought at <a href="/wiki/Mount_Gilboa" title="Mount Gilboa">Mount Gilboa</a>, around the year 1010 BC. The Philistines prevailed and Saul died in battle together with three of his sons, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_(1_Samuel)" title="Jonathan (1 Samuel)">Jonathan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abinadab" class="mw-redirect" title="Abinadab">Abinadab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malchishua" class="mw-redirect" title="Malchishua">Malchishua</a>, (<a href="/wiki/1_Samuel" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Samuel">1 Samuel</a> and <a href="/wiki/1_Chronicles" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Chronicles">1 Chronicles</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Samuel+31;+1+Chronicles+10&version=NRSV">1 Samuel 31; 1 Chronicles 10</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Samuel%2031:10&version=nrsv">1 Samuel 31:10</a> states that "the victorious Philistines hung the body of King Saul on the walls of Beit She'an". Later, the people of <a href="/wiki/Jabesh-Gilead" title="Jabesh-Gilead">Jabesh-Gilead</a> took the remnants, carried them into their city, and burned them. No archeological evidence was found of a Philistine occupation of Beit She'an, but it is possible the force only passed there.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hellenistic_period">Hellenistic period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beit_She%27an&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Hellenistic period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thedecapolis.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Thedecapolis.png/170px-Thedecapolis.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Thedecapolis.png/255px-Thedecapolis.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Thedecapolis.png/340px-Thedecapolis.png 2x" data-file-width="513" data-file-height="752" /></a><figcaption>Map of the <a href="/wiki/Decapolis" title="Decapolis">Decapolis</a> showing the location of Beit She'an, here called by its Greek name, Scythopolis</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic period</a> saw the reoccupation of the site of Beit She'an under the new name "Scythopolis" (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a>: Σκυθόπολις),<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meaning "City of the Scythians", possibly named after the <a href="/wiki/Scythians" title="Scythians">Scythian</a> mercenaries who settled there as veterans.<sup id="cite_ref-Avi-Yonah_1962_pp._123–134_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Avi-Yonah_1962_pp._123–134-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Little is known about the Hellenistic city, but during the 3rd century BCE a large temple was constructed on the tell.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is unknown which deity was worshipped there, but the temple continued to be used during Roman times. Graves dating from the Hellenistic period are simple, singular <a href="/wiki/Rock-cut_tomb" title="Rock-cut tomb">rock-cut tombs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rowe_49_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rowe_49-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 301 to 198 BCE the area was under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Ptolemies" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemies">Ptolemies</a>, and Beit She'an is mentioned in 3rd–2nd century BCE written sources describing the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Wars" title="Syrian Wars">Syrian Wars</a> between the Ptolemaic and <a href="/wiki/Seleucid" class="mw-redirect" title="Seleucid">Seleucid</a> dynasties. In 198 BCE the Seleucids finally conquered the region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_period">Roman period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beit_She%27an&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Roman period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 63 BCE, <a href="/wiki/Pompey" title="Pompey">Pompey</a> made <a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a> a part of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a>. Beit She'an was refounded and rebuilt by <a href="/wiki/Aulus_Gabinius" title="Aulus Gabinius">Gabinius</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rowe_46_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rowe_46-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town center shifted from the summit of the mound, or tell, to its slopes. Scythopolis prospered and became the leading city of the <a href="/wiki/Decapolis" title="Decapolis">Decapolis</a>, the only one west of the Jordan River.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city flourished under the "<a href="/wiki/Pax_Romana" title="Pax Romana">Pax Romana</a>", as evidenced by high-level <a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">urban planning</a> and extensive construction, including the best preserved Roman theatre of ancient <a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a>, as well as a <a href="/wiki/Hippodrome" title="Hippodrome">hippodrome</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Cardo" title="Cardo">cardo</a> and other trademarks of the Roman influence. <a href="/wiki/Mount_Gilboa" title="Mount Gilboa">Mount Gilboa</a>, 7 km (4 mi) away, provided dark <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">basalt</a> blocks, as well as water (via an aqueduct) to the town. Beit She'an is said to have sided with the Romans during the early phase of the <a href="/wiki/First_Jewish%E2%80%93Roman_War" title="First Jewish–Roman War">First Jewish–Roman War</a> in 66 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-Rowe_46_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rowe_46-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Excavations have focused less on the Roman period ruins, so not much is known about this period.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (June 2022)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Beit_She%27an#Not_so!_Apparently_copied_from_Penn_U._dig_publication_from_the_1930s,_almost_a_century_ago:_far_from_being_up_to_date!" title="Talk:Beit She'an">discuss</a></i>]</sup> The Penn. University Museum excavation of the northern cemetery, however, did uncover significant finds. The Roman period tombs are of the <i><a href="/wiki/Loculus_(architecture)" title="Loculus (architecture)">loculus</a></i> type: a rectangular rock-cut spacious chamber with smaller chambers (<i>loculi</i>) cut into its side.<sup id="cite_ref-Rowe_49_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rowe_49-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bodies were placed directly in the <i>loculi</i>, or inside sarcophagi which were placed in the <i>loculi</i>. A <a href="/wiki/Sarcophagus" title="Sarcophagus">sarcophagus</a> with an inscription identifying its occupant in Greek as "Antiochus, the son of Phallion", may have held the cousin of <a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod the Great</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rowe_49_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rowe_49-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the most interesting Roman grave finds was a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.penn.museum/collections/object/297803">bronze incense shovel</a> with the handle in the form of an animal leg, or hoof, now in the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Pennsylvania Museum">University of Pennsylvania Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ROMAN_THEATER_BEIT_SHE%27AN.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Roman theatre"><img alt="The Roman theatre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/ROMAN_THEATER_BEIT_SHE%27AN.JPG/200px-ROMAN_THEATER_BEIT_SHE%27AN.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/ROMAN_THEATER_BEIT_SHE%27AN.JPG/300px-ROMAN_THEATER_BEIT_SHE%27AN.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/ROMAN_THEATER_BEIT_SHE%27AN.JPG/400px-ROMAN_THEATER_BEIT_SHE%27AN.JPG 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Roman theatre</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_street_in_Bet_She%27an_National_Park,_Israel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roman cardo"><img alt="Roman cardo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Roman_street_in_Bet_She%27an_National_Park%2C_Israel.jpg/187px-Roman_street_in_Bet_She%27an_National_Park%2C_Israel.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Roman_street_in_Bet_She%27an_National_Park%2C_Israel.jpg/280px-Roman_street_in_Bet_She%27an_National_Park%2C_Israel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Roman_street_in_Bet_She%27an_National_Park%2C_Israel.jpg/373px-Roman_street_in_Bet_She%27an_National_Park%2C_Israel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Roman cardo</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bet_She%27an_hypocaust.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roman baths"><img alt="Roman baths" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Bet_She%27an_hypocaust.jpg/187px-Bet_She%27an_hypocaust.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Bet_She%27an_hypocaust.jpg/280px-Bet_She%27an_hypocaust.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Bet_She%27an_hypocaust.jpg/373px-Bet_She%27an_hypocaust.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Roman baths</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Byzantine_period">Byzantine period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beit_She%27an&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Byzantine period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beit_Shean_Mosaic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Beit_Shean_Mosaic.jpg/220px-Beit_Shean_Mosaic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Beit_Shean_Mosaic.jpg/330px-Beit_Shean_Mosaic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Beit_Shean_Mosaic.jpg/440px-Beit_Shean_Mosaic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Mosaic from 5th–7th century synagogue in northern Beit Shean, possibly Samaritan, <a href="/wiki/Israel_Museum" title="Israel Museum">Israel Museum</a><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Copious archaeological remains were found dating to the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> (330–636) and were excavated by the <a href="/wiki/Penn_Museum" title="Penn Museum">Penn Museum</a> from 1921 to 1923. A rotunda church was constructed on top of the <a href="/wiki/Tell_(archaeology)" title="Tell (archaeology)">tell</a>, and a wall enclosed the entire city.<sup id="cite_ref-Rowe_50_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rowe_50-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Textual sources mention several other churches in the town.<sup id="cite_ref-Rowe_50_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rowe_50-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scythopolis was primarily Christian, as attested to by many churches, but evidence of Jewish habitation and a <a href="/wiki/Samaritanism" title="Samaritanism">Samaritan synagogue</a> indicate established communities of these minorities. The pagan temple in the city centre was destroyed, but the <a href="/wiki/Nymphaeum" title="Nymphaeum">nymphaeum</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Thermae" title="Thermae">thermae</a> were restored. Many of the buildings of Scythopolis were damaged in the <a href="/wiki/363_Galilee_earthquake" title="363 Galilee earthquake">363 Galilee earthquake</a>. In 409, <a href="/wiki/Syria_Palaestina" title="Syria Palaestina">Syria Palaestina</a> was divided and Scythopolis became the capital of the northern region of <a href="/wiki/Palaestina_Secunda" title="Palaestina Secunda">Palaestina Secunda</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rowe_45_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rowe_45-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Scythopolis_(see)" title="Scythopolis (see)">See of Scythopolis</a> was the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">Metropolitan archdiocese</a>. </p><p>Dedicatory inscriptions indicate a preference for donations to religious buildings. Many colourful <a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaics</a> were preserved, such as that featuring the <a href="/wiki/Zodiac" title="Zodiac">zodiac</a> in the Lady Mary's Monastery, or the one with a <a href="/wiki/Temple_menorah" title="Temple menorah">temple menorah</a> and the phrase <i>shalom</i> in the House of Leontius <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogue</a>. The Samaritan synagogue's mosaic was unique in its <a href="/wiki/Aniconic" class="mw-redirect" title="Aniconic">aniconic</a> abstention from human or animal images, instead using floral and geometrical motifs. Elaborate decorations were also found in the settlement's many luxurious villas, and in the 6th century especially, the city reached its maximum size of 40,000 and spread beyond its period city walls.<sup id="cite_ref-Rowe_45_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rowe_45-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Byzantine-era portion of the northern cemetery was excavated in 1926. The tombs from this period consisted of small rock-cut halls with vaulted graves on three sides.<sup id="cite_ref-Rowe_52_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rowe_52-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A great variety of objects were found in the tombs, including <a href="/wiki/Terracotta" title="Terracotta">terracotta</a> figurines possibly depicting the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_and_Child" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin and Child">Virgin and Child</a>, many terracotta lamps, glass mirrors, bells, tools, knives, finger rings, iron keys, glass beads, bone hairpins, and many other items.<sup id="cite_ref-Rowe_52_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rowe_52-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Influential Christian personalities who lived or passed through Scythopolis are <a href="/wiki/Procopius_of_Scythopolis" title="Procopius of Scythopolis">Procopius of Scythopolis</a> (died July 7, 303), <a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Scythopolis" title="Cyril of Scythopolis">Cyril of Scythopolis</a> (ca. 525–559), <a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Salamis" title="Epiphanius of Salamis">Epiphanius of Salamis</a> (c. 310/320 – 403) and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_of_Tiberias" title="Joseph of Tiberias">Joseph of Tiberias</a> (c. 285 – c. 356) who met there around the year 355. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Muslim_period">Early Muslim period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beit_She%27an&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Early Muslim period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jund_al-Urdunn" title="Jund al-Urdunn">Jund al-Urdunn</a></div> <p>In 634, Byzantine forces were defeated by the <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_army" title="Rashidun army">Rashidun army</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashid caliph</a> <a href="/wiki/Umar" title="Umar">Umar</a>, and the city reverted to its Semitic name, being named Baysan in Arabic. The day of victory came to be known in Arabic as <i>Yawm Baysan</i> "day of Baysan."<sup id="cite_ref-Shahin_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shahin-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city was not damaged; newly-arrived Muslims lived alongside the Christian population until the 8th century. The town formed one of the districts of <a href="/wiki/Jund_al-Urdunn" title="Jund al-Urdunn">Jund al-Urdunn</a>, itself a part of the <a href="/wiki/Bilad_al-Sham" title="Bilad al-Sham">Bilad al-Sham</a>, until the Crusades.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city declined; structures were built in the streets, narrowing them to mere <a href="/wiki/Alley" title="Alley">alleys</a>, and makeshift shops were opened among the colonnades. The city reached a low point in the 8th century, witnessed by the removal of <a href="/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">marble</a> for producing <a href="/wiki/Calcium_oxide" title="Calcium oxide">lime</a>, the blocking off of the main street, and the conversion of a main plaza into a cemetery.<sup id="cite_ref-JVL_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JVL-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, some recently discovered counter-evidence may be offered to this picture of decline. In common with state-directed building work carried out in other towns and cities in the region during the 720s,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baysan's commercial infrastructure was refurbished: its main colonnaded market street, once thought to date to the sixth century, is now known—based on a mosaic inscription—to be a redesign dating from the time of the Umayyad caliph <a href="/wiki/Hisham_ibn_Abd_al-Malik" title="Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik">Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik</a> (r. 724–43).<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Al-Bakri" title="Al-Bakri">Al-Bakri</a> of <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">al-Andalus</a> noted that the wine produced there was delicious.<sup id="cite_ref-Shahin_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shahin-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 18, 749, Umayyad Baysan was devastated by a <a href="/wiki/749_Galilee_earthquake" title="749 Galilee earthquake">catastrophic earthquake</a>. A few residential neighborhoods grew among the ruins, probably established by the survivors, but the city never recovered its magnificence. The city center moved to the southern hill, where the <a href="/wiki/Crusaders" class="mw-redirect" title="Crusaders">Crusaders</a> later built a castle.<sup id="cite_ref-Death_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Death-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jerusalemite historian <a href="/wiki/Al-Muqaddasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Muqaddasi">al-Muqaddasi</a> visited Baysan in 985, during the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a> and wrote that it was "on the river, with plentiful palm trees, and water, though somewhat heavy (brackish.)" He further noted that Baysan was notable for its <a href="/wiki/Indigo" title="Indigo">indigo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Date_palm" title="Date palm">dates</a>, and grape syrup known as <i>dibs</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its principal <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosque</a> was situated in the center of its marketplace.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crusader_period">Crusader period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beit_She%27an&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Crusader period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beyt-Shean-old-city-706.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Beyt-Shean-old-city-706.jpg/220px-Beyt-Shean-old-city-706.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Beyt-Shean-old-city-706.jpg/330px-Beyt-Shean-old-city-706.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Beyt-Shean-old-city-706.jpg/440px-Beyt-Shean-old-city-706.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2591" data-file-height="1517" /></a><figcaption>Crusader castle with moat and inner tower.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusader period</a>, the Lordship of Bessan was occupied by <a href="/wiki/Tancred,_Prince_of_Galilee" title="Tancred, Prince of Galilee">Tancred, Prince of Galilee</a> in 1099; it was never part of the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Galilee" title="Principality of Galilee">Principality of Galilee</a>, despite its location, but became a royal domain of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a> in 1101, probably until around 1120. According to the <a href="/wiki/Lignages_d%27Outremer" title="Lignages d'Outremer">Lignages d'Outremer</a>, the first Crusader lord of Bessan once it became part of the Kingdom of Jerusalem was Adam, a younger son of Robert III de Béthune, <a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">peer of Flanders</a> and head of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_B%C3%A9thune" title="House of Béthune">House of Béthune</a>. His descendants were known by the family name <i>de Bessan</i>. </p><p>It occasionally passed back under royal control until new lords were created. The town became part of the <a href="/wiki/Belvoir_Castle_(Israel)" title="Belvoir Castle (Israel)">Belvoir</a> <a href="/wiki/Crusader_states" title="Crusader states">fiefdom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A small Crusader fortress surrounded by a moat was built in the area southeast of the Roman theatre, where the diminished town had relocated after the 749 earthquake.<sup id="cite_ref-Death_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Death-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fortress was destroyed by <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a> in 1183.<sup id="cite_ref-Negev_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Negev-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1260 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ain_Jalut" title="Battle of Ain Jalut">Battle of Ain Jalut</a>, retreating Mongol forces passed near but did not enter the town. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mamluk_period">Mamluk period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beit_She%27an&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Mamluk period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plan_of_Beisan-Scythopolis_from_the_1871-77_Palestine_Exploration_Fund_Survey_of_Palestine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Plan_of_Beisan-Scythopolis_from_the_1871-77_Palestine_Exploration_Fund_Survey_of_Palestine.jpg/220px-Plan_of_Beisan-Scythopolis_from_the_1871-77_Palestine_Exploration_Fund_Survey_of_Palestine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Plan_of_Beisan-Scythopolis_from_the_1871-77_Palestine_Exploration_Fund_Survey_of_Palestine.jpg/330px-Plan_of_Beisan-Scythopolis_from_the_1871-77_Palestine_Exploration_Fund_Survey_of_Palestine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Plan_of_Beisan-Scythopolis_from_the_1871-77_Palestine_Exploration_Fund_Survey_of_Palestine.jpg/440px-Plan_of_Beisan-Scythopolis_from_the_1871-77_Palestine_Exploration_Fund_Survey_of_Palestine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2493" data-file-height="2086" /></a><figcaption>Plan of Beisan-Scythopolis from the 1871–1877 <a href="/wiki/PEF_Survey_of_Palestine" title="PEF Survey of Palestine">PEF Survey of Palestine</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Under <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate" title="Mamluk Sultanate">Mamluk</a> rule, Beit She'an was the principal town in the district of <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> and a relay station for the <a href="/wiki/Barid" title="Barid">postal service</a> between <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>. It was also the capital of <a href="/wiki/Sugar_cane" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar cane">sugar cane</a> processing for the region. Jisr al-Maqtu'a, "the truncated/cut-off bridge", a bridge consisting of a single arch spanning 25 ft (7.6 m) and hung 50 ft (15 m) above a stream, was built during that period.<sup id="cite_ref-Shahin164_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shahin164-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_period">Ottoman period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beit_She%27an&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Ottoman period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:12%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/12%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F.jpg/220px-12%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/12%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F.jpg/330px-12%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/12%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F.jpg/440px-12%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption>Ottoman Saraya</figcaption></figure> <p>During this period, the inhabitants of Baysan were mainly Muslim, but there were some <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>. The 14th century <a href="/wiki/Topographer" class="mw-redirect" title="Topographer">topographer</a> <a href="/wiki/Ishtori_Haparchi" title="Ishtori Haparchi">Ishtori Haparchi</a> settled there and completed his work "<a href="/wiki/Bulb" title="Bulb">Bulb</a> and Flower" (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">כפתור ופרח</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Kaftor vaFeraḥ</i></span>) in 1322, the first Hebrew book on the geography of the <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 400 years of <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman rule</a>, Baysan lost its regional importance. During the reign of Sultan <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_II" title="Abdul Hamid II">Abdul Hamid II</a> when the <a href="/wiki/Jezreel_Valley_railway" title="Jezreel Valley railway">Jezreel Valley railway</a>, which was part of the <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a> to <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> extension of the <a href="/wiki/Hejaz_railway" title="Hejaz railway">Hejaz railway</a> was constructed, a limited revival took place. The local peasant population was largely impoverished by the Ottoman feudal land system, which leased tracts of land to tenants and collected taxes from them for their use.<sup id="cite_ref-Shahin_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shahin-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Swiss–German traveler <a href="/wiki/Johann_Ludwig_Burckhardt" title="Johann Ludwig Burckhardt">Johann Ludwig Burckhardt</a> described Beisan in 1812: "The present village of Bysan contains seventy or eighty houses; its inhabitants are in a miserable condition, from being exposed to the depredations of the <a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouins</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Valley" title="Jordan Valley">the Ghor</a>, to whom they also pay a heavy tribute."<sup id="cite_ref-Burckhardt1822_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burckhardt1822-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1870/1871, an Ottoman census listed the village in the <a href="/wiki/Nahiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahiya">nahiya</a> (sub-district) of Shafa al-Shamali.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 20th century, though still a tiny and obscure village, Beisan was known for its plentiful water supply, fertile soil, and producing olives, grapes, figs, almonds, apricots, and apples.<sup id="cite_ref-Shahin_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shahin-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_Mandate_period">British Mandate period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beit_She%27an&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: British Mandate period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beisan7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Beisan7.jpg/200px-Beisan7.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Beisan7.jpg/300px-Beisan7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Beisan7.jpg/400px-Beisan7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6796" data-file-height="6972" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beisan8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Beisan8.jpg/200px-Beisan8.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Beisan8.jpg/300px-Beisan8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Beisan8.jpg/400px-Beisan8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6895" data-file-height="6783" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Detailed map of the town in the 1930s from the <a href="/wiki/Survey_of_Palestine" title="Survey of Palestine">Survey of Palestine</a></div></div></div></div> <p>Under the Mandate, the city was the center of the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Baysan" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Baysan">District of Baysan</a>. According to a <a href="/wiki/1922_census_of_Palestine" title="1922 census of Palestine">census</a> conducted in 1922 by the <a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Palestine" title="Mandate for Palestine">British Mandate authorities</a>, Beit She'an (Baisan) had a population of 1,941, consisting of 1,687 Muslims, 41 Jews and 213 Christians.<sup id="cite_ref-Census1922_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census1922-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1934, <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence of Arabia">Lawrence of Arabia</a> noted that "Bisan is now a purely Arab village," where "very fine views of the river can be had from the housetops." He further noted that "many nomad and <a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouin</a> encampments, distinguished by their black tents, were scattered about the riverine plain, their flocks and herds grazing round them."<sup id="cite_ref-Shahin_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shahin-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beisan was home to a mainly <a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jews" title="Mizrahi Jews">Mizrahi Jewish</a> community of 95 until 1936, when the <a href="/wiki/1936%E2%80%931939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine" title="1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine">1936–1939 Arab revolt</a> saw Beisan serve as a center of Arab attacks on Jews in Palestine.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Haaretz_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haaretz-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1938, after learning of the murder of his close friend and Jewish leader Haim Sturmann, <a href="/wiki/Orde_Wingate" title="Orde Wingate">Orde Wingate</a> led his men on an offensive in the Arab section of Baysan, the rebels’ suspected base.<sup id="cite_ref-Azure_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Azure-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to population surveys conducted in <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British Mandate Palestine</a>, Beisan consisted of 5,080 Muslim Arabs out of a population of 5,540 (92% of the population), with the remainder being listed as Christians.<sup id="cite_ref-Domino_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Domino-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1945, the surrounding <a href="/wiki/District_of_Baysan" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Baysan">District of Baysan</a> consisted of 16,660 Muslims (67%), 7,590 Jews (30%), and 680 Christians (3%); and Arabs owned 44% of land, Jews owned 34%, and 22% constituted public lands. The <a href="/wiki/1947_UN_Partition_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="1947 UN Partition Plan">1947 UN Partition Plan</a> allocated Beisan and most of its district to the proposed <a href="/wiki/Jewish_state" title="Jewish state">Jewish state</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shahin_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shahin-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_47183_General_view_Beit_Shean.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Beisan in 1936"><img alt="Beisan in 1936" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/PikiWiki_Israel_47183_General_view_Beit_Shean.jpg/200px-PikiWiki_Israel_47183_General_view_Beit_Shean.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/PikiWiki_Israel_47183_General_view_Beit_Shean.jpg/300px-PikiWiki_Israel_47183_General_view_Beit_Shean.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/PikiWiki_Israel_47183_General_view_Beit_Shean.jpg/400px-PikiWiki_Israel_47183_General_view_Beit_Shean.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2059" data-file-height="1151" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Beisan in 1936</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AN_AERIAL_PHOTO_OF_THE_SETTLEMENT_BEIT_SHE%27AN._%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%91_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F.D332-054.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Beit She’an 1939"><img alt="Beit She’an 1939" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/AN_AERIAL_PHOTO_OF_THE_SETTLEMENT_BEIT_SHE%27AN._%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%91_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F.D332-054.jpg/200px-AN_AERIAL_PHOTO_OF_THE_SETTLEMENT_BEIT_SHE%27AN._%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%91_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F.D332-054.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/AN_AERIAL_PHOTO_OF_THE_SETTLEMENT_BEIT_SHE%27AN._%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%91_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F.D332-054.jpg/300px-AN_AERIAL_PHOTO_OF_THE_SETTLEMENT_BEIT_SHE%27AN._%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%91_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F.D332-054.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/AN_AERIAL_PHOTO_OF_THE_SETTLEMENT_BEIT_SHE%27AN._%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%91_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F.D332-054.jpg/400px-AN_AERIAL_PHOTO_OF_THE_SETTLEMENT_BEIT_SHE%27AN._%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%91_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F.D332-054.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Beit She’an 1939</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_7273_%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99quot;%D7%91_%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pioneers of Kibbutz Ein Hanatziv settle in Bet She'an, 1946"><img alt="Pioneers of Kibbutz Ein Hanatziv settle in Bet She'an, 1946" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/PikiWiki_Israel_7273_%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99quot%3B%D7%91_%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA.jpg/200px-PikiWiki_Israel_7273_%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99quot%3B%D7%91_%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/PikiWiki_Israel_7273_%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99quot%3B%D7%91_%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA.jpg/300px-PikiWiki_Israel_7273_%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99quot%3B%D7%91_%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/PikiWiki_Israel_7273_%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99quot%3B%D7%91_%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA.jpg/400px-PikiWiki_Israel_7273_%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99quot%3B%D7%91_%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1470" data-file-height="951" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pioneers of <a href="/wiki/Kibbutz" title="Kibbutz">Kibbutz</a> <a href="/wiki/Ein_Hanatziv" class="mw-redirect" title="Ein Hanatziv">Ein Hanatziv</a> settle in Bet She'an, 1946</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1948_Palestine_war">1948 Palestine war</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beit_She%27an&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 1948 Palestine war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_war" title="1948 Palestine war">1948 Palestine war</a> and <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight</a></div> <p>Jewish forces and local Bedouins first clashed during the <a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine">1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine</a> in February and March 1948, part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Gideon" title="Operation Gideon">Operation Gideon</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Shahin_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shahin-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> itself part of <a href="/wiki/Plan_Dalet" title="Plan Dalet">Plan Dalet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Weitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Weitz">Joseph Weitz</a>, a leading <a href="/wiki/Yishuv" title="Yishuv">Yishuv</a> figure, wrote in his diary on May 4, 1948, that, "The Beit Shean Valley is the gate for our state in the Galilee...[I]ts clearing is the need of the hour."<sup id="cite_ref-Shahin_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shahin-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beisan, then an Arab village, fell to the Jewish militias three days before the end of the Mandate. After <a href="/wiki/Israel%27s_Declaration_of_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel's Declaration of Independence">Israel's Declaration of Independence</a> in May 1948, during intense shelling by Syrian border units, followed by the recapture of the valley by the <a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a>, the Arab inhabitants <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_exodus" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Palestinian exodus">fled</a> across the Jordan River.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (October 2024)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The property and buildings abandoned after the conflict were then held by the State of Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-Shahin_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shahin-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most <a href="/wiki/Arab_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab Christian">Arab Christians</a> relocated to <a href="/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth">Nazareth</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Historian <a href="/wiki/Saleh_Abdel_Jawad" class="mw-redirect" title="Saleh Abdel Jawad">Saleh Abdel Jawad</a> writes that Beisan experienced a massacre via aerial bombardment by Israeli forces that was "entirely without military justification" and which was used as "a tool of expulsion".<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_of_Israel">State of Israel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beit_She%27an&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: State of Israel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:War_memorial_in_Bet_She%27an.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/War_memorial_in_Bet_She%27an.JPG/220px-War_memorial_in_Bet_She%27an.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/War_memorial_in_Bet_She%27an.JPG/330px-War_memorial_in_Bet_She%27an.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/War_memorial_in_Bet_She%27an.JPG/440px-War_memorial_in_Bet_She%27an.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>War monument, <a href="/wiki/Al_Mansfeld" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Mansfeld">Al Mansfeld</a>, 1960</figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Ma%27abarot" title="Ma'abarot">ma'abarah</a> (refugee camp) inhabited mainly by North African Jewish refugees<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was erected in Beit She'an, and it later became a <a href="/wiki/Development_town" title="Development town">development town</a>. </p><p>From 1969, Beit She'an was a target for <a href="/wiki/Katyusha_rocket_launcher" title="Katyusha rocket launcher">Katyusha rockets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mortar_(weapon)" title="Mortar (weapon)">mortar</a> attacks from Jordan.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/1974_Beit_She%27an_attack" title="1974 Beit She'an attack">1974 Beit She'an attack</a>, militants of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine#Formation_as_the_PDFLP" title="Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine">Popular Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine</a>, took over an apartment building and murdered a family of four.<sup id="cite_ref-Haaretz_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haaretz-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1999, Beit She'an was incorporated as a city.<sup id="cite_ref-7wonders_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7wonders-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Geographically, it lies in the middle of the <a href="/wiki/Emek_HaMaayanot_Regional_Council" title="Emek HaMaayanot Regional Council">Emek HaMaayanot Regional Council</a>, formerly the Beit She'an Valley Regional Council.<sup id="cite_ref-Foeme_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foeme-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beit She'an was the hometown and political power base of <a href="/wiki/David_Levy_(Israeli_politician)" title="David Levy (Israeli politician)">David Levy</a>, an Israeli politician. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/2002_Beit_She%27an_attack" title="2002 Beit She'an attack">2002 Beit She'an attack</a>, six Israelis were killed and over 30 were injured by two <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_political_violence" title="Palestinian political violence">Palestinian militants</a>, who opened fire and threw grenades at a polling station in the center of Bet She'an where party members were voting in the <a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a> primary. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archaeology_and_tourism">Archaeology and tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beit_She%27an&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Archaeology and tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ktovet_recov_AA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Ktovet_recov_AA.jpg/220px-Ktovet_recov_AA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Ktovet_recov_AA.jpg/330px-Ktovet_recov_AA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Ktovet_recov_AA.jpg/440px-Ktovet_recov_AA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2574" data-file-height="1629" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_of_Rehob" title="Mosaic of Rehob">Rehov inscription</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a> carried out excavations of ancient Beit She'an in 1921–1933. Relics from the <a href="/wiki/Canaanites#Late_Bronze_Age_(1550–1200_BC)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canaanites">Egyptian period</a> were discovered, most of them now exhibited in the <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Rockefeller Museum">Rockefeller Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>. Some are in the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Pennsylvania Museum">University of Pennsylvania Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Excavations at the site were resumed by the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a> in 1983 and then again from 1989 to 1996 under the direction of <a href="/wiki/Amihai_Mazar" title="Amihai Mazar">Amihai Mazar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The excavations have revealed no less than 18 successive ancient towns.<sup id="cite_ref-Upenn_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Upenn-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stanford_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanford-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ancient Beit She'an, one of the most spectacular Roman and Byzantine sites in Israel, is a major tourist attraction.<sup id="cite_ref-Mfa_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mfa-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The seventh century <a href="/wiki/Mosaic_of_Rehob" title="Mosaic of Rehob">Mosaic of Rehob</a> was discovered by farmers of <a href="/wiki/Kibbutz" title="Kibbutz">Kibbutz</a> <a href="/wiki/Ein_HaNetziv" title="Ein HaNetziv">Ein HaNetziv</a>. Part of a mosaic floor, it contains details of Jewish religious laws concerning tithes and the Sabbatical Year.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Earthquakes">Earthquakes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beit_She%27an&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Earthquakes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beit She'an is located above the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Transform" title="Dead Sea Transform">Dead Sea Transform</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Fault_(geology)" title="Fault (geology)">fault</a> system that forms the <a href="/wiki/Transform_fault" title="Transform fault">transform boundary</a> between the <a href="/wiki/African_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="African Plate">African Plate</a> to the west and the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabian Plate">Arabian Plate</a> to the east) and is one of the cities in Israel most at risk to <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquakes</a> (along with <a href="/wiki/Safed" title="Safed">Safed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiberias" title="Tiberias">Tiberias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Shmona" title="Kiryat Shmona">Kiryat Shmona</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eilat" title="Eilat">Eilat</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historically, the city was destroyed in the <a href="/wiki/Golan_earthquake_of_749" class="mw-redirect" title="Golan earthquake of 749">Golan earthquake of 749</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beit_She%27an&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Israel Central Bureau of Statistics">Israel Central Bureau of Statistics</a> (CBS), the population of the municipality was 19,073 at the end of 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-Israelpopulations_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Israelpopulations-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005, the ethnic makeup of the city was 99.5% Jewish and other non-Arab (97.3% Jewish), with no significant Arab population. See <a href="/wiki/Population_groups_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Population groups in Israel">Population groups in Israel</a>. The population breakdown by gender was 8,200 males and 8,100 females.<sup id="cite_ref-profile_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-profile-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The age distribution was as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Age</th> <th>0–4</th> <th>5–9</th> <th>10–14</th> <th>15–19</th> <th>20–29</th> <th>30–44</th> <th>45–59</th> <th>60–64</th> <th>65–74</th> <th>75+ </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th>Percentage </th> <td>9.9</td> <td>9.4</td> <td>9.4</td> <td>9.4</td> <td>17.6</td> <td>17.7</td> <td>16.7</td> <td>2.7</td> <td>4.4</td> <td>2.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="11"><small>Source: <a href="/wiki/Israel_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Israel Central Bureau of Statistics">Israel Central Bureau of Statistics</a><sup id="cite_ref-profile_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-profile-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beit_She%27an&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_11342_Bet_Shean_Municipality.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/PikiWiki_Israel_11342_Bet_Shean_Municipality.jpg/220px-PikiWiki_Israel_11342_Bet_Shean_Municipality.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/PikiWiki_Israel_11342_Bet_Shean_Municipality.jpg/330px-PikiWiki_Israel_11342_Bet_Shean_Municipality.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/PikiWiki_Israel_11342_Bet_Shean_Municipality.jpg/440px-PikiWiki_Israel_11342_Bet_Shean_Municipality.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Beit She'an municipality</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_2358_Geography_of_Israel_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/PikiWiki_Israel_2358_Geography_of_Israel_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F.JPG/220px-PikiWiki_Israel_2358_Geography_of_Israel_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/PikiWiki_Israel_2358_Geography_of_Israel_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F.JPG/330px-PikiWiki_Israel_2358_Geography_of_Israel_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/PikiWiki_Israel_2358_Geography_of_Israel_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F.JPG/440px-PikiWiki_Israel_2358_Geography_of_Israel_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F.JPG 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption>Beit She'an park</figcaption></figure> <p>Beit She'an is a center of cotton-growing, and many of residents are employed in the cotton fields of the surrounding <a href="/wiki/Kibbutz" title="Kibbutz">kibbutzim</a>. Other local industries include a textile mill and clothing factory.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the ancient city of Beit She'an was opened to the public in the 1990s and turned into a national park, tourism became a major sector of the economy.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beit_She%27an&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Beit_She%27an" title="Special:EditPage/Beit She'an">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beit_She%27an_New_Railway_Station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Beit_She%27an_New_Railway_Station.jpg/220px-Beit_She%27an_New_Railway_Station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Beit_She%27an_New_Railway_Station.jpg/330px-Beit_She%27an_New_Railway_Station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Beit_She%27an_New_Railway_Station.jpg/440px-Beit_She%27an_New_Railway_Station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>New railway station, Beit She'an</figcaption></figure> <p>Beit She'an had a railway station that opened in 1904 on the <a href="/wiki/Jezreel_Valley_railway" title="Jezreel Valley railway">Jezreel Valley railway</a> which was an extension of the <a href="/wiki/Hejaz_railway" title="Hejaz railway">Hejaz railway</a>. This station closed together with the rest of the Jezreel Valley railway in 1948. </p><p>In 2011–2016 the valley railway was rebuilt and the new <a href="/wiki/Beit_She%27an_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Beit She'an railway station">Beit She'an railway station</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> located at the same site as the historical station was opened. Passenger service offered at the station connects the city to Afula, Haifa and destinations in between. In addition to passenger service, the station also includes a freight rail terminal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beit_She%27an&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The local football club, <a href="/wiki/Hapoel_Beit_She%27an_F.C." title="Hapoel Beit She'an F.C.">Hapoel Beit She'an</a> spent several seasons in the top division in the 1990s, but folded in 2006 after several relegations. Maccabi Beit She'an currently plays in <a href="/wiki/Liga_Bet" title="Liga Bet">Liga Bet</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beit_She%27an&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naim_Ateek" title="Naim Ateek">Naim Ateek</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishtori_Haparchi" title="Ishtori Haparchi">Ishtori Haparchi</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Levy_(Israeli_politician)" title="David Levy (Israeli politician)">David Levy</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Levy" title="Jackie Levy">Jackie Levy</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orly_Levy" class="mw-redirect" title="Orly Levy">Orly Levy</a>, politician (birthplace)<sup id="cite_ref-Mishpacha_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mishpacha-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beit_She%27an&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beit She'an is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with: </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a>, United States <small><i>(Since 2019)</i></small><sup id="cite_ref-CLEsisters_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CLEsisters-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historic_images">Historic images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beit_She%27an&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Historic images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_14982_%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%A7_%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Historic railway station, 1930s"><img alt="Historic railway station, 1930s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/PikiWiki_Israel_14982_%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%A7_%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F.jpg/200px-PikiWiki_Israel_14982_%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%A7_%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/PikiWiki_Israel_14982_%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%A7_%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F.jpg/300px-PikiWiki_Israel_14982_%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%A7_%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/PikiWiki_Israel_14982_%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%A7_%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F.jpg/400px-PikiWiki_Israel_14982_%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%A7_%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1444" data-file-height="964" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Historic railway station, 1930s</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beit_She%27an_ii.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Beit She'an after conquest, 1948"><img alt="Beit She'an after conquest, 1948" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Beit_She%27an_ii.jpg/200px-Beit_She%27an_ii.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Beit_She%27an_ii.jpg/300px-Beit_She%27an_ii.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Beit_She%27an_ii.jpg/400px-Beit_She%27an_ii.jpg 2x" data-file-width="695" data-file-height="495" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Beit She'an after conquest, 1948</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beit_She%27an_iii.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ottoman Saray building used by Yiftach Brigade as company barracks, 1948"><img alt="Ottoman Saray building used by Yiftach Brigade as company barracks, 1948" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Beit_She%27an_iii.jpg/200px-Beit_She%27an_iii.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Beit_She%27an_iii.jpg/300px-Beit_She%27an_iii.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Beit_She%27an_iii.jpg/400px-Beit_She%27an_iii.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="482" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ottoman Saray building used by <a href="/wiki/Yiftach_Brigade" title="Yiftach Brigade">Yiftach Brigade</a> as company barracks, 1948</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beit_Shean_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Beit Shean ruins"><img alt="Beit Shean ruins" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Beit_Shean_2.jpg/200px-Beit_Shean_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Beit_Shean_2.jpg/300px-Beit_Shean_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Beit_Shean_2.jpg/400px-Beit_Shean_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Beit Shean ruins</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lions_Playing_Beit_Shean,_Israel_roundabout.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lions playing sculpture, roundabout in Beit Shean"><img alt="Lions playing sculpture, roundabout in Beit Shean" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Lions_Playing_Beit_Shean%2C_Israel_roundabout.jpg/200px-Lions_Playing_Beit_Shean%2C_Israel_roundabout.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Lions_Playing_Beit_Shean%2C_Israel_roundabout.jpg/300px-Lions_Playing_Beit_Shean%2C_Israel_roundabout.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Lions_Playing_Beit_Shean%2C_Israel_roundabout.jpg/400px-Lions_Playing_Beit_Shean%2C_Israel_roundabout.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lions playing sculpture, roundabout in Beit Shean</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beit_She%27an&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_of_the_ancient_Near_East" title="List of cities of the ancient Near East">Cities of the ancient Near East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_River_Crossing" title="Jordan River Crossing">Jordan River Crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vassals_of_the_Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem">Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beit_She%27an&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Israelpopulations-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Israelpopulations_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Israelpopulations_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbs.gov.il/en/settlements/Pages/default.aspx?mode=Yeshuv">"Regional Statistics"</a>. <i>Israel Central Bureau of Statistics</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Israel+Central+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.atitle=Regional+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbs.gov.il%2Fen%2Fsettlements%2FPages%2Fdefault.aspx%3Fmode%3DYeshuv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shahin-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shahin_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shahin_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shahin_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shahin_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shahin_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shahin_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shahin_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shahin_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shahin_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shahin_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shahin_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShahin2005" class="citation book cs1">Shahin, Mariam (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/palestine00mari/page/159"><i>Palestine: A Guide</i></a></span>. Interlink Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/palestine00mari/page/159">159–165</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56656-557-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56656-557-8"><bdi>978-1-56656-557-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestine%3A+A+Guide&rft.pages=159-165&rft.pub=Interlink+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-56656-557-8&rft.aulast=Shahin&rft.aufirst=Mariam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpalestine00mari%2Fpage%2F159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Bet-Shean">"Bet Sheʾan | Israel | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Bet+She%CA%BEan+%7C+Israel+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FBet-Shean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:02_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLemche2004" class="citation book cs1">Lemche, Niels Peter (2004). <i>Historical dictionary of ancient Israel</i>. Historical dictionaries of ancient civilizations and historical eras. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. pp. 84–85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-4848-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-4848-1"><bdi>978-0-8108-4848-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+dictionary+of+ancient+Israel&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Md.&rft.series=Historical+dictionaries+of+ancient+civilizations+and+historical+eras&rft.pages=84-85&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-4848-1&rft.aulast=Lemche&rft.aufirst=Niels+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFאבני2014" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">אבני, גדעון (2014). "התעצמות ודעיכה: תהליכי שינוי בערי ארץ ישראל בתקופה המוסלמית הקדומה" [Intensification and abatement: processes of change in the cities of Palestine during the early Muslim period]. <i>קתדרה</i> (in Hebrew) (153): 42–43.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D7%A7%D7%AA%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%94&rft.atitle=%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%95%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%94%3A+%D7%AA%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%99+%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%99+%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99+%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A5+%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C+%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%94+%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA+%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%94&rft.issue=153&rft.pages=42-43&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99&rft.aufirst=%D7%92%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Golan-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Golan_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Golan_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Arnon Golan (2002) Jewish Settlement of Former Arab Towns and Their Incorporation into the Israeli Urban System (1948-50), Israel Affairs, 9:1-2, 149-164, DOI: 10.1080/714003467 "The former Arab town of Beisan... Jewish troops took over the town and its environs in fighting in April and May 1948. Most of the Arab population fled at that time, while the handful of remaining residents were expelled following the town's surrender on 13 May, after which it was placed under military government. As early as June 1948 the Israeli authorities initiated a new settlement venture in the Beit Shean valley, which established three new kibbutzim by March 1949. To block any possible return of former Arab residents, the local military government began the demolition of the town's built-up area; this was halted only by the intervention of the Israeli agriculture minister, Aaron Ziesling, who opposed the demolition policy on ideological grounds... The government decided to build 1,000 new apartments in Beisan and to restore 600 former Arab dwelling units for immigrants. In April 1950 the Jewish population of Beisan, renamed in Hebrew "Beit Shean", numbered 2,000, all of them newly arrived immigrants."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbn.org.il/aliyahpedia/community-housing-aliyahpedia/community-profiles/beit-shean/">Nefesh B'Nefesh Profiles: Beit She'an</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Braun, Eliot. <i>Early Beth Shean (Strata XIX-XIII): G.M. FitzGerald's Deep Cut on the Tell</i>, p. 28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Braun,_p.61-64-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Braun,_p.61-64_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Braun,_p.61-64_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Braun, p.61-64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rowe, Alan. <i>The Topography and History of Beth Shean</i>. Philadelphia: 1930, p. v</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rowe, p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">No. 110: bt š'ir. Mazar, Amihai. "Tel Beth-Shean: History and Archaeology." In <i>One God, One Cult, One Nation</i>. Ed. R.G. Kratz and H. Spieckermann. New York: 2010, P. 239</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mazar 242</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rowe, 10; <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.rehov.org/project/tel_beth_shean.htm">http://www.rehov.org/project/tel_beth_shean.htm</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120206130240/http://www.rehov.org/project/tel_beth_shean.htm">Archived</a> 2012-02-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rowe 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mazar 247</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120206130240/http://www.rehov.org/project/tel_beth_shean.htm">"Tel Beth Shean: An Account of the Hebrew University Excavations"</a>. <i>www.rehov.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rehov.org/project/tel_beth_shean.htm">the original</a> on 2012-02-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rehov.org&rft.atitle=Tel+Beth+Shean%3A+An+Account+of+the+Hebrew+University+Excavations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rehov.org%2Fproject%2Ftel_beth_shean.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imj.org.il/he/collections/393802">Lion and Lioness playing</a>, Israel Museum</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mazar 250</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rowe 23–32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Albright W. The smaller Beth-Shean stele of Sethos I (1309-1290 B. C.), Bulletin of the American schools of Oriental research, feb 1952, p. 24-32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rehov.org-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rehov.org_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rehov.org_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rehov.org_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120206130240/http://www.rehov.org/project/tel_beth_shean.htm">"Tel Beth Shean: An Account of the Hebrew University's Excavations"</a>. Rehov.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rehov.org/project/tel_beth_shean.htm">the original</a> on 2012-02-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-03-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tel+Beth+Shean%3A+An+Account+of+the+Hebrew+University%27s+Excavations&rft.pub=Rehov.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rehov.org%2Fproject%2Ftel_beth_shean.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mazar 256</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mazar 253</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Emanuel, Jeffrey P. “‘SEA PEOPLES’ IN EGYPTIAN GARRISONS IN LIGHT OF BETH-SHEAN, (RE-)RECONSIDERED.” Mediterranean Archaeology, vol. 28/29, 2015, pp. 1–22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120204204829/http://www.rehov.org/project/index.htm">"The Beth-Shean Valley Archaeological Project"</a>. Rehov.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rehov.org/project/index.htm">the original</a> on 2012-02-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-03-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Beth-Shean+Valley+Archaeological+Project&rft.pub=Rehov.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rehov.org%2Fproject%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mazar 263</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVakninMazarShaarBen-Yosef2023" class="citation book cs1">Vaknin, Yoav; Mazar, Amihai; Shaar, Ron; Ben-Yosef, Erez (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NcPOEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA787">"Tel Beth-Shean in the Tenth–Ninth Centuries BCE: A Chronological Query and Its Possible Archaeomagnetic Resolution"</a>. In Ben-Yosef, Erez; Jones, Ian W. N. (eds.). <i>"And in Length of Days Understanding" (Job 12:12): Essays on Archaeology in the Eastern Mediterranean and Beyond in Honor of Thomas E. Levy</i>. Springer Nature. pp. 787–810. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-031-27330-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-031-27330-8"><bdi>978-3-031-27330-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tel+Beth-Shean+in+the+Tenth%E2%80%93Ninth+Centuries+BCE%3A+A+Chronological+Query+and+Its+Possible+Archaeomagnetic+Resolution&rft.btitle=%22And+in+Length+of+Days+Understanding%22+%28Job+12%3A12%29%3A+Essays+on+Archaeology+in+the+Eastern+Mediterranean+and+Beyond+in+Honor+of+Thomas+E.+Levy&rft.pages=787-810&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-3-031-27330-8&rft.aulast=Vaknin&rft.aufirst=Yoav&rft.au=Mazar%2C+Amihai&rft.au=Shaar%2C+Ron&rft.au=Ben-Yosef%2C+Erez&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNcPOEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA787&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Samuel%2031:10–12&version=nrsv">1 Samuel 31:10–12</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baslibrary.org/biblical-archaeology-review/38/2/2">"Was King Saul Impaled on the Wall of Beth Shean?"</a>. <i>The BAS Library</i>. August 31, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+BAS+Library&rft.atitle=Was+King+Saul+Impaled+on+the+Wall+of+Beth+Shean%3F&rft.date=2015-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baslibrary.org%2Fbiblical-archaeology-review%2F38%2F2%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishmag.co.il/39mag/shean/shean.htm">"Beit She'an, Archaeology in Israel"</a>. <i>www.jewishmag.co.il</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.jewishmag.co.il&rft.atitle=Beit+She%27an%2C+Archaeology+in+Israel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishmag.co.il%2F39mag%2Fshean%2Fshean.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Meyers & Chancey 13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Avi-Yonah_1962_pp._123–134-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Avi-Yonah_1962_pp._123–134_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvi-Yonah1962" class="citation journal cs1">Avi-Yonah, M. (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/27924894">"Scythopolis"</a>. <i>Israel Exploration Journal</i>. <b>12</b> (2). Israel Exploration Society: 123–134. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-2059">0021-2059</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27924894">27924894</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Israel+Exploration+Journal&rft.atitle=Scythopolis&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=123-134&rft.date=1962&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27924894%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0021-2059&rft.aulast=Avi-Yonah&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27924894&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rowe 44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rowe_49-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rowe_49_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rowe_49_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rowe_49_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rowe 49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rowe_46-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rowe_46_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rowe_46_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rowe 46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en-humanities.tau.ac.il/Archaeology-institute">"Tel Aviv University Institute of Archaeology"</a>. <i>en-humanities.tau.ac.il</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=en-humanities.tau.ac.il&rft.atitle=Tel+Aviv+University+Institute+of+Archaeology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen-humanities.tau.ac.il%2FArchaeology-institute&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rowe 53</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imj.org.il/en/collections/536017?itemNum=536017">Synagogue floor</a>: Beth Shean synagogue, ay IMJ website, accessed 16 July 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rowe_50-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rowe_50_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rowe_50_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rowe 50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rowe_45-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rowe_45_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rowe_45_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rowe 45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rowe_52-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rowe_52_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rowe_52_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rowe 52</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">le Strange, 1890, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/palestineundermo00lestuoft#page/30/mode/1up">30</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JVL-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JVL_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Archaeology/Beitshean.html">"Beit She'an"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Virtual_Library" title="Jewish Virtual Library">Jewish Virtual Library</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Beit+She%27an&rft.btitle=Jewish+Virtual+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2FArchaeology%2FBeitshean.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Walmsley, "Economic Developments and the Nature of Settlement in the Towns and Countryside of Syria-Palestine, ca. 565–800", Dumbarton Oaks Papers 61 (2007), especially pp. 344–45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E. Khamis, "Two wall mosaic inscriptions from the Umayyad market place in Bet Shean/Baysan", <i>Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies</i> 64 (2001), pp. 159–76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Death-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Death_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Death_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130915130321/http://antiquities.org.il/article_Item_eng.asp?sec_id=17&sub_subj_id=328&id=662#as">"Israel Antiquities Authority, Death of a City"</a>. Antiquities.org.il. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antiquities.org.il/article_Item_eng.asp?sec_id=17&sub_subj_id=328&id=662#as">the original</a> on 2013-09-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-12-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel+Antiquities+Authority%2C+Death+of+a+City&rft.pub=Antiquities.org.il&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.antiquities.org.il%2Farticle_Item_eng.asp%3Fsec_id%3D17%26sub_subj_id%3D328%26id%3D662%23as&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">le Strange, 1890, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/palestineundermo00lestuoft#page/18/mode/1up">18</a>–19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">le Strange, 1890, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/palestineundermo00lestuoft#page/411/mode/1up">411</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425124945/http://parks.org.il/BuildaGate5/general2/data_card.php?Cat=~30~~269867317~Card1~&ru=&SiteName=parks&Clt=&Bur=133421493"><bdi lang="he">גן לאומי בית שאן</bdi></a> (in Hebrew). Israel National Parks Authority. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://parks.org.il/BuildaGate5/general2/data_card.php?Cat=~30~~269867317~Card1~&ru=&SiteName=parks&Clt=&Bur=133421493">the original</a> on 2012-04-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D7%92%D7%9F+%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99+%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA+%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9F&rft.pub=Israel+National+Parks+Authority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fparks.org.il%2FBuildaGate5%2Fgeneral2%2Fdata_card.php%3FCat%3D~30~~269867317~Card1~%26ru%3D%26SiteName%3Dparks%26Clt%3D%26Bur%3D133421493&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Negev-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Negev_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNegevGibson2001" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Negev" title="Avraham Negev">Negev, Avraham</a>; <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Gibson" title="Shimon Gibson">Gibson, Shimon</a> (2001). "Beth Shean (city); Scythopolis". <i>Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land</i>. New York and London: Continuum. p. 86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1316-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1316-1"><bdi>978-0-8264-1316-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Beth+Shean+%28city%29%3B+Scythopolis&rft.btitle=Archaeological+Encyclopedia+of+the+Holy+Land&rft.place=New+York+and+London&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-1316-1&rft.aulast=Negev&rft.aufirst=Avraham&rft.au=Gibson%2C+Shimon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shahin164-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shahin164_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shahin, 2005, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-ZTtAAAAMAAJ&q=Jisr">164</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=44451&pgnum=1">"כפתור ופרח - אשתורי, הפרחי (page 1 of 363)"</a>. <i>hebrewbooks.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-10-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bet+She%27an&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Feb%2Farticle-9078948%2FBet-Shean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burckhardt1822-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Burckhardt1822_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurckhardt1822" class="citation book cs1">Burckhardt, John Lewis (1822). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R9N70FsNRNYC"><i>Travels in Syria and the Holy Land</i></a>. J. Murray. p. 343. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4142-8338-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4142-8338-8"><bdi>978-1-4142-8338-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Travels+in+Syria+and+the+Holy+Land&rft.pages=343&rft.pub=J.+Murray&rft.date=1822&rft.isbn=978-1-4142-8338-8&rft.aulast=Burckhardt&rft.aufirst=John+Lewis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR9N70FsNRNYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrossman2004" class="citation book cs1">Grossman, David (2004). <i>Arab Demography and Early Jewish Settlement in Palestine</i>. Jerusalem: Magnes Press. p. 256.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arab+Demography+and+Early+Jewish+Settlement+in+Palestine&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pages=256&rft.pub=Magnes+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Grossman&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1922-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census1922_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barron, 1923, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n8/mode/1up">6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haaretz-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Haaretz_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haaretz_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshkenazi,_Eli2007" class="citation news cs1">Ashkenazi, Eli (2007-05-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/travel/1.4808266">"The other Beit She'an"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-10-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=The+other+Beit+She%27an&rft.date=2007-05-11&rft.au=Ashkenazi%2C+Eli&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2Ftravel%2F1.4808266&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vie/Betshean.html">"Virtual Israel Experience:Bet She'an"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Virtual_Library" title="Jewish Virtual Library">Jewish Virtual Library</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-10-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Virtual+Israel+Experience%3ABet+She%27an&rft.btitle=Jewish+Virtual+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2Fvie%2FBetshean.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Azure-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Azure_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_B._Oren2001" class="citation web cs1">Michael B. Oren (Winter 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://azure.org.il/article.php?id=279">"Orde Wingate: Friend Under Fire"</a>. Azure: Ideas for the Jewish Nation<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Settled+Population+Of+Palestine&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdomino.un.org%2FUNISPAL.nsf%2F3822b5e39951876a85256b6e0058a478%2Fbe931279021bcfb4852563d20078d30b%21OpenDocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>A Survey of Palestine: Prepared in December, 1945 and January, 1946 for the Information of the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry</i>. Vol. 1. Institute for Palestine Studies. 1991. pp. 12–13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88728-211-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88728-211-9"><bdi>978-0-88728-211-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Survey+of+Palestine%3A+Prepared+in+December%2C+1945+and+January%2C+1946+for+the+Information+of+the+Anglo-American+Committee+of+Inquiry&rft.pages=12-13&rft.pub=Institute+for+Palestine+Studies&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-88728-211-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation map cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081029103953/http://domino.un.org/maps/m0094.jpg"><i>Land Ownership of Palestine—Map prepared by the government of the British Mandate of Palestine on the instructions of the UN Ad Hoc Committee on the Palestine Question</i></a> (Map). <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-10-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Land+Ownership+of+Palestine%E2%80%94Map+prepared+by+the+government+of+the+British+Mandate+of+Palestine+on+the+instructions+of+the+UN+Ad+Hoc+Committee+on+the+Palestine+Question&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdomino.un.org%2Fmaps%2Fm0094.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhalidi,_Walid1988" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walid_Khalidi" title="Walid Khalidi">Khalidi, Walid</a> (Autumn 1988). 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London: <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund" title="Palestine Exploration Fund">Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Survey+of+Western+Palestine%3A+Memoirs+of+the+Topography%2C+Orography%2C+Hydrography%2C+and+Archaeology&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Committee+of+the+Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.date=1882&rft.aulast=Conder&rft.aufirst=C.R.&rft.au=Kitchener%2C+H.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsurveyofwesternp02conduoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span> (Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/83/mode/1up">83</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDauphin1998" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Claudine_Dauphin" title="Claudine Dauphin">Dauphin, C.</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FC1mAAAAMAAJ"><i>La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations</i></a>. BAR International Series 726 (in French). Vol. III : Catalogue. Oxford: Archeopress. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86054-905-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86054-905-5"><bdi>978-0-86054-905-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Palestine+byzantine%2C+Peuplement+et+Populations&rft.place=Oxford&rft.series=BAR+International+Series+726&rft.pub=Archeopress&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-86054-905-5&rft.aulast=Dauphin&rft.aufirst=C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFC1mAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span> (p. 782)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepartment_of_Statistics1945" class="citation book cs1">Department of Statistics (1945). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390"><i>Village Statistics, April, 1945</i></a>. Government of Palestine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Village+Statistics%2C+April%2C+1945&rft.pub=Government+of+Palestine&rft.date=1945&rft.au=Department+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.nli.org.il%2Fsites%2Fnli%2FHebrew%2Flibrary%2FPages%2FBookReader.aspx%3Fpid%3D856390&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span> (Department of Statistics, 1945, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p06.jpg">6</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuérin1874" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin" title="Victor Guérin">Guérin, V.</a> (1874). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/descriptionsam01gu"><i>Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine</i></a> (in French). Vol. 2: Samarie, pt. 1. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Description+G%C3%A9ographique+Historique+et+Arch%C3%A9ologique+de+la+Palestine&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=L%27Imprimerie+Nationale&rft.date=1874&rft.aulast=Gu%C3%A9rin&rft.aufirst=V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdescriptionsam01gu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/descriptionsam01gu#page/284/mode/1up">284</a>- <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/descriptionsam01gu#page/298/mode/1up">298</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHadawi1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sami_Hadawi" title="Sami Hadawi">Hadawi, S.</a> (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html"><i>Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine</i></a>. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Centre.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Village+Statistics+of+1945%3A+A+Classification+of+Land+and+Area+ownership+in+Palestine&rft.pub=Palestine+Liberation+Organization+Research+Centre&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Hadawi&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palestineremembered.com%2FArticles%2FGeneral-2%2FStory3150.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span> (pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Baysan/Page-043.jpg">43</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Baysan/Page-084.jpg">84</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Baysan/Page-134.jpg">134</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHütterothAbdulfattah1977" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wolf-Dieter_H%C3%BCtteroth" title="Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth">Hütteroth, W.-D.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kamal_Abdulfattah" title="Kamal Abdulfattah">Abdulfattah, K.</a> (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ"><i>Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century</i></a>. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-920405-41-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-920405-41-4"><bdi>978-3-920405-41-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Geography+of+Palestine%2C+Transjordan+and+Southern+Syria+in+the+Late+16th+Century&rft.pub=Erlanger+Geographische+Arbeiten%2C+Sonderband+5.+Erlangen%2C+Germany%3A+Vorstand+der+Fr%C3%A4nkischen+Geographischen+Gesellschaft&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-3-920405-41-4&rft.aulast=H%C3%BCtteroth&rft.aufirst=W.-D.&rft.au=Abdulfattah%2C+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwqULAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span> (p. 168)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLe_Strange1890" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Guy_Le_Strange" title="Guy Le Strange">Le Strange, G.</a> (1890). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/palestineundermo00lestuoft"><i>Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500</i></a>. Committee of the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund" title="Palestine Exploration Fund">Palestine Exploration Fund</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestine+Under+the+Moslems%3A+A+Description+of+Syria+and+the+Holy+Land+from+A.D.+650+to+1500&rft.pub=Committee+of+the+Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.date=1890&rft.aulast=Le+Strange&rft.aufirst=G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpalestineundermo00lestuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyersChancey2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eric_M._Meyers" title="Eric M. Meyers">Meyers, E. M.</a>; Chancey, Mark A. (September 25, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vw-u7j4JxNYC"><i>Alexander to Constantine: Archaeology of the Land of the Bible, Volume III</i></a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14179-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14179-5"><bdi>978-0-300-14179-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alexander+to+Constantine%3A+Archaeology+of+the+Land+of+the+Bible%2C+Volume+III&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2012-09-25&rft.isbn=978-0-300-14179-5&rft.aulast=Meyers&rft.aufirst=E.+M.&rft.au=Chancey%2C+Mark+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVw-u7j4JxNYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMills,_E.1932" class="citation book cs1">Mills, E., ed. (1932). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas"><i>Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas</i></a>. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Census+of+Palestine+1931.+Population+of+Villages%2C+Towns+and+Administrative+Areas&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pub=Government+of+Palestine&rft.date=1932&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FCensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Morris, B.</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C"><i>The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-00967-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-00967-6"><bdi>978-0-521-00967-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Birth+of+the+Palestinian+Refugee+Problem+Revisited&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-521-00967-6&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuM_kFX6edX8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShahin2005" class="citation book cs1">Shahin, Mariam (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/palestine00mari/page/159"><i>Palestine: A Guide</i></a></span>. Interlink Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/palestine00mari/page/159">159–165</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56656-557-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56656-557-8"><bdi>978-1-56656-557-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestine%3A+A+Guide&rft.pages=159-165&rft.pub=Interlink+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-56656-557-8&rft.aulast=Shahin&rft.aufirst=Mariam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpalestine00mari%2Fpage%2F159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharon1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Sharon" title="Moshe Sharon">Sharon, M.</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EPFDU8POrXIC"><i>Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae, B-C</i></a>. Vol. 2. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11083-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11083-0"><bdi>978-90-04-11083-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Corpus+Inscriptionum+Arabicarum+Palaestinae%2C+B-C&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-90-04-11083-0&rft.aulast=Sharon&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEPFDU8POrXIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span> (see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EPFDU8POrXIC&pg=PA195">p.195</a> ff)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoram_Tsafrir" title="Yoram Tsafrir">Tsafrir, Y.</a> and Foerster, Gideon: "“Nysa-Scythopolis – A New Inscription and the Titles of the City on its Coins", <i>The Israel Numismatic Journal</i>. Vol. 9, 1986–7, pp. 53–58.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoram_Tsafrir" title="Yoram Tsafrir">Tsafrir, Y.</a> and Foerster, Gideon: "Bet Shean Excavation Project – 1988/1989", <i>Excavations and Surveys in Israel 1989/1990</i>. Volume 9. Israel Antiquities Authority. Numbers 94–95. Jerusalem 1989/1990, pp. 120–128.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoram_Tsafrir" title="Yoram Tsafrir">Tsafrir, Y.</a> and Foerster, Gideon: "From Scythopolis to Baisān: Changes in the perception of the city of Bet Shean during the Byzantine and Arab Eras", <i>Cathedra</i>. For the History of Eretz Israel and its Yishuv, 64. Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi. Jerusalem, July 1992 (in Hebrew).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoram_Tsafrir" title="Yoram Tsafrir">Tsafrir, Y.</a> and Foerster, Gideon: "The Dating of the 'Earthquake of the Sabbatical Year of 749 C. E.' in Palestine", <i>Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies of London</i>. Vol. LV, Part 2. London 1992, pp. 231–235.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoram_Tsafrir" title="Yoram Tsafrir">Tsafrir, Y.</a> and Foerster, Gideon: "Urbanism at Scythopolis-Bet Shean in the Fourth to Seventh Centuries", <i>Dumbarton Oaks Papers</i>. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection. Number Fifty-One, 1997. pp. 85–146.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beit_She%27an&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/search_eng.aspx?id=8%2c294%2c1815%2c1816%2c1921%2c2074%2c25157%2c1507%2c1551%2c1232%2c1308%2c1400%2c1410%2c1440%2c731%2c757%2c887%2c1047%2c1191%2c1200&mag_id=108">Bet She’an</a>, Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="University_of_Pennsylvania_excavations">University of Pennsylvania excavations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beit_She%27an&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: University of Pennsylvania excavations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Braun, Eliot [2004], Early Beth Shan (Strata XIX-XIII) – G.M. FitzGerald's Deep Cut on the Tell, [University Museum Monograph 121], Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-931707-62-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-931707-62-6">978-1-931707-62-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Stanley_Fisher" title="Clarence Stanley Fisher">Fisher, C.</a> [1923], Beth-Shan Excavations of the University Museum Expedition, 1921–1923", Museum Journal 14 (1923), pp. 229–231.</li> <li>FitzGerald, G .M. [1931], Beth-shan Excavations 1921–23: the Arab and Byzantine Levels, Beth-shan III, University Museum: Philadelphia, 1931.</li> <li>FitzGerald, G. M. [1932], "Excavations at Beth-Shan in 1931", PEFQS 63 (1932), pp. 142–145.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Rowe_(archaeologist)" title="Alan Rowe (archaeologist)">Rowe, A.</a>, [1930], The Topography and History of Beth-Shan, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1930.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Rowe_(archaeologist)" title="Alan Rowe (archaeologist)">Rowe, A.</a>, [1940], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ia903109.us.archive.org/19/items/Rowe_1940/Rowe%2C%20Alan%20-%20The%20Four%20Canaanite%20temples%20of%20Beth-Shan%20Part%201%20The%20temples%20and%20cult%20objects%20%281940%29%20LR.pdf">The Four Canaanite Temples of Beth-shan</a>, Beth-shan II:1, University Museum: Philadelphia, 1940.</li> <li>James, Frances W. & McGovern, Patrick E. [1993], The Late Bronze Egyptian Garrison at Beth Shan: a Study of Levels VII and VIII, 2 volumes, [University Museum Monograph 85], Philadelphia: University Museum, University of Pennsylvania & University of Mississippi, 1993. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-924171-27-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-924171-27-7">978-0-924171-27-7</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hebrew_University_Jerusalem_excavations">Hebrew University Jerusalem excavations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beit_She%27an&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Hebrew University Jerusalem excavations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Mazar, Amihai [2006], Excavations at Tel Beth Shean 1989–1996, Volume I: From the Late Bronze Age IIB to the Medieval Period, Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society / Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2006.</li> <li>Mazar, A. and Mullins, Robert (eds) [2007], Excavations at Tel Beth Shean 1989–1996, Volume II: The Middle and Late Bronze Age Strata in Area R, Jerusalem: IES / HUJ, 2007.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General">General</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beit_She%27an&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: General"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Finkelstein" title="Israel Finkelstein">Finkelstein, I.</a> [1996], "The Stratigraphy and Chronology of Megiddo and Beth-Shan in the 12th–11th Centuries BCE", TA 23 (1996), pp. 170–184.</li> <li>Garfinkel, Yosef [1987], "The Early Iron Age Stratigraphy of Beth Shean Reconsidered", IEJ 37 (1987), pp. 224–228.</li> <li>Geva, Shulamit [1979], "A Reassessment of the Chronology of Beth Shean Strata V and IV", IEJ 29 (1979), pp. 6–10.</li> <li>Greenberg, Raphael [2003], "Early Bronze Age Megiddo and Beth Shean: Discontinuous Settlement in Sociopolitical Context", JMA 16.1 (2003), pp. 17–32.</li> <li>Hankey, V. [1966], "Late Mycenaean Pottery at Beth-Shan", AJA 70 (1966), pp. 169–171.</li> <li>Higginbotham, C. [1999], "The Statue of Ramses III from Beth Shean", TA 26 (1999), pp. 225–232.</li> <li>Horowitz, Wayne [1994], "Trouble in Canaan: A Letter of the el-Amarna Period on a Clay Cylinder from Beth Shean", Qadmoniot 27 (1994), pp. 84–86 (Hebrew).</li> <li>Horowitz, Wayne [1996], "An Inscribed Clay Cylinder from Amarna Age Beth Shean", IEJ 46 (1996), pp. 208–218.</li> <li>McGovern, Patrick E. [1987], “Silicate Industries of Late Bronze-Early Iron Age Palestine: Technological Interaction between New Kingdom Egypt and the Levant", in Bimson, M. & Freestone, LC. (eds), Early Vitreous Materials, [British Museum Occasional Papers 56], London: British Museum Press, 1987, pp. 91–114.</li> <li>McGovern, Patrick E. [1989], "Cross-Cultural Craft Interaction: the Late Bronze Egyptian Garrison at Beth Shan", in McGovern, P.E. (ed,), Cross-Craft and Cultural Interactions in Ceramics, [Ceramics and Civilisation 4, ed. Kingery, W.D.], Westerville: American Ceramic Society, 1989, pp. 147–194.</li> <li>McGovern, Patrick E. [1990], "The Ultimate Attire: Jewelry from a Canaanite Temple at Beth Shan", Expedition 32 (1990), pp. 16–23.</li> <li>McGovern, Patrick E. [1994], "Were the Sea Peoples at Beth Shan?", in Lemche, N.P. & Müller, M. (eds), Fra dybet: Festskrift until John Strange, [Forum for Bibelsk Eksegese 5], Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanus and University of Copenhagen, 1994, pp. 144–156.</li> <li>Khamis, E., "Two wall mosaic inscriptions from the Umayyad market place in Bet Shean/Baysan", Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 64 (2001), pp. 159–76.</li> <li>McGovern, P.E., Fleming, S.J. & Swann, C.P. [1993], "The Late Bronze Egyptian Garrison at Beth Shan: Glass and Faience Production and Importation in the Late New Kingdom", BASOR 290-91 (1993), pp. 1–27.</li> <li>Mazar, A., Ziv-Esudri, Adi and Cohen-Weinberger, Anet [2000], "The Early Bronze Age II–III at Tel Beth Shean: Preliminary Observations", in Philip, G. and Baird, D. (eds), Ceramics and Change in the Early Bronze Age of the Southern Levant, [Levantine Archaeology 2], Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 2000, pp. 255–278.</li> <li>Mazar, Amihai [1990], "The Excavations at Tel Beth-Shean", Eretz-Israel 21 (1990), pp. 197–211 (יברית).</li> <li>Mazar, Amihai [1992], "Temples of the Middle and Late Bronze Ages and the Iron Age", in Kempinski, A. and Reich, R. (eds), The Architecture of Ancient Israel from the Prehistoric to the Persian Periods — in Memory of Immanual (Munya) Dunayevsky, Jerusalem: IES, 1992, pp. 161–187.</li> <li>Mazar, Amihai [1993a], "The Excavations at Tel Beth-Shean in 1989–1990", in Biran, A. and Aviram, J. (eds), Biblical Archaeology Today, 1990 – Proceedings of the Second International Congress on Biblical Archaeology, Jerusalem, 1990, Jerusalem: IES, 1993, pp. 606–619.</li> <li>Mazar, Amihai [1993b], "Beth Shean in the Iron Age: Preliminary Report and Conclusions of the 1990–1991 Excavations", IEJ 43.4 (1993), pp. 201–229.</li> <li>Mazar, Amihai [1994], "Four Thousand Years of History at Tel Beth-Shean", Qadmoniot 27.3–4 (1994), pp. 66–83 (יברית).</li> <li>[1997a], "Four Thousand Years of History at Tel Beth-Shean—An Account of the Renewed Excavations", BA 60.2 (1997), pp. 62–76.</li> <li>Mazar, Amihai [1997b], "The Excavations at Tel Beth Shean during the Years 1989–94", in Silberman, N.A. and Small, D. (eds), The Archaeology of Israel – Constructing the Past, Interpreting the Present, [JSOT Supplement Series 237], Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997, pp. 144–164.</li> <li>Mazar, Amihai [2003], "Beth Shean in the Second Millennium BCE: From Canaanite Town to Egyptian Stronghold", in Bietak, M. (ed.), The Synchronisation of Civilisations in the Eastern Mediterranean in the SEcond Millennium BC, II. Proceedings of the SCIEM 2000-EuroConference Haindorf, 2–7 May 2001, Vienna, 2003, pp. 323–339.</li> <li>Mazar, Amihai [2006], "Tel Beth-Shean and the Fate of Mounds in the Intermediate Bronze Age", in Gitin, S., Wright, J.E. and Dessel, J.P. (eds), Confronting the Past—Archaeological and Historical Essays on Ancient Israel in Honor of William G. Dever, Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2006, pp. 105–118. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57506-117-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57506-117-7">978-1-57506-117-7</a></li> <li>Mullins, Robert A. [2006], "A Corpus of Eighteenth Dynasty Egyptian-Style Pottery from Tel Beth-Shean", in Maeir, A.M. and Miroschedji, P. de (eds), "I Will Speak the Riddle of Ancient Times"—Archaeological and Historical Studies in Honor of Amihai Mazar on the Occasion of His Sixtieth Birthday, Volume 1, Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2006, pp. 247–262. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57506-103-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57506-103-0">978-1-57506-103-0</a></li> <li>Oren, Eliezer D. [1973], The Northern Cemetery of Beth-Shean, [Museum Monograph of the University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania], E.J. Brill: Leiden, 1973.</li> <li>Porter, R.M. [1994–1995], "Dating the Beth Shean Temple Sequence", Journal of the Ancient Chronology Forum 7 (1994–95), pp. 52–69.</li> <li>Porter, R.M. [1998], "An Egyptian Temple at Tel Beth Shean and Ramesses IV", in Eyre, C. (ed.), Seventh International Congress of Egyptologists, Cambridge, 3–9 September 1995, [Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 82], Uitgeverij Peeters: Leuven, 1998, pp. 903–910.</li> <li>Sweeney, Deborah [1998], "The Man on the Folding Chair: An Egyptian Relief from Beth Shean", IEJ 48 (1998), pp. 38–53.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson1970" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, T.O. (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kc0UAAAAIAAJ&q=Mekal&pg=PA125"><i>Mekal, the God of Beth Shean</i></a>. Leiden: E.J. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-02268-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-02268-3"><bdi>978-90-04-02268-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mekal%2C+the+God+of+Beth+Shean&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=E.J.+Brill&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=978-90-04-02268-3&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=T.O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dkc0UAAAAIAAJ%26q%3DMekal%26pg%3DPA125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeit+She%27an" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Walmsley, A., 'Economic Developments and the Nature of Settlement in the Towns and Countryside of Syria-Palestine, ca. 565–800', Dumbarton Oaks Papers 61 (2007), pp. 319–52.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beit_She%27an&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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href="/wiki/Northern_District_(Israel)" title="Northern District (Israel)">Northern District</a> of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/City_council_(Israel)" title="City council (Israel)">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afula" title="Afula">Afula</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Beit She'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karmiel" title="Karmiel">Karmiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Shmona" title="Kiryat Shmona">Kiryat Shmona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27alot-Tarshiha" title="Ma'alot-Tarshiha">Ma'alot-Tarshiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghar,_Israel" title="Maghar, Israel">Maghar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migdal_HaEmek" title="Migdal HaEmek">Migdal HaEmek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahariya" title="Nahariya">Nahariya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth">Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nof_HaGalil" title="Nof HaGalil">Nof HaGalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safed" title="Safed">Safed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhnin" title="Sakhnin">Sakhnin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shefa-%27Amr" class="mw-redirect" title="Shefa-'Amr">Shefa-'Amr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamra" title="Tamra">Tamra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberias" title="Tiberias">Tiberias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokneam_Illit" title="Yokneam Illit">Yokneam Illit</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Northern_District_in_Israel_(%2Bdisputed_hatched).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Northern_District_in_Israel_%28%2Bdisputed_hatched%29.svg/50px-Northern_District_in_Israel_%28%2Bdisputed_hatched%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Northern_District_in_Israel_%28%2Bdisputed_hatched%29.svg/75px-Northern_District_in_Israel_%28%2Bdisputed_hatched%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Northern_District_in_Israel_%28%2Bdisputed_hatched%29.svg/100px-Northern_District_in_Israel_%28%2Bdisputed_hatched%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="1141" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Local_council_(Israel)" title="Local council (Israel)">Local councils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Snan" title="Abu Snan">Abu Snan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arraba,_Israel" title="Arraba, Israel">Arraba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basmat_Tab%27un" title="Basmat Tab'un">Basmat Tab'un</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beitegen" class="mw-redirect" title="Beitegen">Beitegen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bi%27ina" title="Bi'ina">Bi'ina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bir_al-Maksur" title="Bir al-Maksur">Bir al-Maksur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu%27eine_Nujeidat" title="Bu'eine Nujeidat">Bu'eine Nujeidat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daburiyya" title="Daburiyya">Daburiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_al-Asad" title="Deir al-Asad">Deir al-Asad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_Hanna" title="Deir Hanna">Deir Hanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eilabun" title="Eilabun">Eilabun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Mahil" title="Ein Mahil">Ein Mahil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fassuta" title="Fassuta">Fassuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurfeish" title="Hurfeish">Hurfeish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatzor_HaGlilit" title="Hatzor HaGlilit">Hatzor HaGlilit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%27billin" title="I'billin">I'billin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iksal" title="Iksal">Iksal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilut" title="Ilut">Ilut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadeidi-Makr" title="Jadeidi-Makr">Jadeidi-Makr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jish" title="Jish">Jish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julis" title="Julis">Julis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka%27abiyye-Tabbash-Hajajre" title="Ka'abiyye-Tabbash-Hajajre">Ka'abiyye-Tabbash-Hajajre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabul,_Israel" title="Kabul, Israel">Kabul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Kanna" title="Kafr Kanna">Kafr Kanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Manda" title="Kafr Manda">Kafr Manda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Yasif" title="Kafr Yasif">Kafr Yasif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaukab_Abu_al-Hija" title="Kaukab Abu al-Hija">Kaukab Abu al-Hija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfar_Kama" title="Kfar Kama">Kfar Kama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfar_Tavor" title="Kfar Tavor">Kfar Tavor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfar_Vradim" title="Kfar Vradim">Kfar Vradim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kisra-Sumei" title="Kisra-Sumei">Kisra-Sumei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majd_al-Krum" title="Majd al-Krum">Majd al-Krum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashhad,_Israel" title="Mashhad, Israel">Mashhad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazra%27a" title="Mazra'a">Mazra'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metula" title="Metula">Metula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migdal,_Israel" title="Migdal, Israel">Migdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%27ilya" title="Mi'ilya">Mi'ilya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahf" title="Nahf">Nahf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peki%27in" title="Peki'in">Peki'in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramat_Yishai" title="Ramat Yishai">Ramat Yishai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rameh" title="Rameh">Rameh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reineh" title="Reineh">Reineh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_Pinna" title="Rosh Pinna">Rosh Pinna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajur" title="Sajur">Sajur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sha%27ab,_Israel" title="Sha'ab, Israel">Sha'ab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shlomi,_Israel" title="Shlomi, Israel">Shlomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibli%E2%80%93Umm_al-Ghanam" title="Shibli–Umm al-Ghanam">Shibli–Umm al-Ghanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuba-Zangariyye" title="Tuba-Zangariyye">Tuba-Zangariyye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tur%27an" title="Tur'an">Tur'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yafa_an-Naseriyye" title="Yafa an-Naseriyye">Yafa an-Naseriyye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanuh-Jat" title="Yanuh-Jat">Yanuh-Jat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarka" title="Yarka">Yarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yavne%27el" title="Yavne'el">Yavne'el</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yesud_HaMa%27ala" title="Yesud HaMa'ala">Yesud HaMa'ala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarzir" title="Zarzir">Zarzir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occupied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buq%27ata" title="Buq'ata">Buq'ata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Qiniyye" title="Ein Qiniyye">Ein Qiniyye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghajar" title="Ghajar">Ghajar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majdal_Shams" title="Majdal Shams">Majdal Shams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mas%27ade" title="Mas'ade">Mas'ade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katzrin" title="Katzrin">Katzrin</a> (Israeli settlement)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regional_council_(Israel)" title="Regional council (Israel)">Regional councils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Batuf_Regional_Council" title="Al-Batuf Regional Council">Al-Batuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emek_HaMaayanot_Regional_Council" title="Emek HaMaayanot Regional Council">Beit She'an Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bustan_al-Marj_Regional_Council" title="Bustan al-Marj Regional Council">Bustan al-Marj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emek_HaYarden_Regional_Council" title="Emek HaYarden Regional Council">Northern Jordan Valley (Emek HaYarden)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilboa_Regional_Council" title="Gilboa Regional Council">Gilboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezreel_Valley_Regional_Council" title="Jezreel Valley Regional Council">Jezreel Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Galilee_Regional_Council" title="Lower Galilee Regional Council">Lower Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27ale_Yosef_Regional_Council" title="Ma'ale Yosef Regional Council">Ma'ale Yosef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mateh_Asher_Regional_Council" title="Mateh Asher Regional Council">Mateh Asher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megiddo_Regional_Council" title="Megiddo Regional Council">Megiddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merom_HaGalil_Regional_Council" title="Merom HaGalil Regional Council">Merom HaGalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mevo%27ot_HaHermon_Regional_Council" title="Mevo'ot HaHermon Regional Council">Mevo'ot HaHermon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misgav_Regional_Council" title="Misgav Regional Council">Misgav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Galilee_Regional_Council" title="Upper Galilee Regional Council">Upper Galilee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occupied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golan_Regional_Council" title="Golan Regional Council">Golan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Decapolis_cities_(in_bold),_with_surrounding_regions_mentioned_by_Pliny_t._E." style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Decapolis_cities" title="Template:Decapolis cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Decapolis_cities" title="Template talk:Decapolis cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Decapolis_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Decapolis cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Decapolis_cities_(in_bold),_with_surrounding_regions_mentioned_by_Pliny_t._E." style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Decapolis" title="Decapolis">Decapolis cities (in bold), with surrounding regions mentioned by Pliny t. E.</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jordan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:Center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman"><b>Philadelphia</b> (Amman)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerash" title="Jerash"><b>Gerasa</b> (Jerash)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Qais" title="Umm Qais"><b>Gadara</b> (Umm Qais)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitolias" title="Capitolias">Region Ampeloessa/Capitolias (Beit Ras)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abila_(Decapolis)" title="Abila (Decapolis)">Region Ampeloessa /Abila (in Wadi Queilbeh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pella,_Jordan" title="Pella, Jordan"><b>Pella</b> (Tabaqat Fahl)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Decapolis_Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/The_Decapolis_Map.png/60px-The_Decapolis_Map.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/The_Decapolis_Map.png/90px-The_Decapolis_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/The_Decapolis_Map.png/120px-The_Decapolis_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="415" data-file-height="599" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Syria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:Center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus"><b>Damascus</b> (Dimashq)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dion,_Pieria" title="Dion, Pieria"><b>Dion</b> (Tell Ashari)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qanawat" title="Qanawat"><b>Canatha</b> (Qanawat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphana" title="Raphana"><b>Raphana</b> (Ar-Rafi'ah)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abila_Lysaniou" title="Abila Lysaniou">Region Abilene/Abila-Lysanea (Souq Wadi Barada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banias" title="Banias">Region Paneas/Caesarea-Phillipi (Banias)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lajat" title="Lajat">Region Trachonitis (El-Musmije, Ezra,Ez Szanamain, Ard el Batanea)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abila_Lysaniou" title="Abila Lysaniou">region Gabe/Tel Jabiah/Lake of Gabe(el Bajje) (Muzeirib/ Tell Jabiah)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:Center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hippos,_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippos, Israel"><b>Hippos</b> (Sussita)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><b>Scythopolis</b> (Beit She'an)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarichaea" title="Tarichaea">Region Arca/Tarichaea-Philoteria (Tiberias/Yardenit)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Israeli_cities" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Largest_Israeli_cities" title="Template:Largest Israeli cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Largest_Israeli_cities" title="Template talk:Largest Israeli cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Largest_Israeli_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Largest Israeli cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Israeli_cities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Israel" title="List of cities in Israel">Israeli cities</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">300,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> <small>(East, West)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000–299,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashdod" title="Ashdod">Ashdod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beersheba" title="Beersheba">Beersheba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bnei_Brak" title="Bnei Brak">Bnei Brak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netanya" title="Netanya">Netanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petah_Tikva" title="Petah Tikva">Petah Tikva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishon_LeZion" title="Rishon LeZion">Rishon LeZion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000–199,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashkelon" title="Ashkelon">Ashkelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_Yam" title="Bat Yam">Bat Yam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Shemesh" title="Beit Shemesh">Beit Shemesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herzliya" title="Herzliya">Herzliya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holon" title="Holon">Holon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfar_Saba" title="Kfar Saba">Kfar Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramat_Gan" title="Ramat Gan">Ramat Gan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehovot" title="Rehovot">Rehovot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">50,000–99,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afula" title="Afula">Afula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eilat" title="Eilat">Eilat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givatayim" title="Givatayim">Givatayim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadera" title="Hadera">Hadera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hod_HaSharon" title="Hod HaSharon">Hod HaSharon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Ata" title="Kiryat Ata">Kiryat Ata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Gat" title="Kiryat Gat">Kiryat Gat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lod" title="Lod">Lod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modi%27in-Maccabim-Re%27ut" title="Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut">Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahariya" title="Nahariya">Nahariya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth">Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ness_Ziona" title="Ness Ziona">Ness Ziona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%27anana" title="Ra'anana">Ra'anana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahat" title="Rahat">Rahat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramla" title="Ramla">Ramla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_HaAyin" title="Rosh HaAyin">Rosh HaAyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Fahm" title="Umm al-Fahm">Umm al-Fahm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15,000–49,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arad,_Israel" title="Arad, Israel">Arad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arraba,_Israel" title="Arraba, Israel">Arraba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baqa_al-Gharbiyye" title="Baqa al-Gharbiyye">Baqa al-Gharbiyye</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Beit She'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimona" title="Dimona">Dimona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El%27ad" title="El'ad">El'ad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giv%27at_Shmuel" title="Giv'at Shmuel">Giv'at Shmuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Qasim" title="Kafr Qasim">Kafr Qasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karmiel" title="Karmiel">Karmiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfar_Yona" title="Kfar Yona">Kfar Yona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Bialik" title="Kiryat Bialik">Kiryat Bialik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Malakhi" title="Kiryat Malakhi">Kiryat Malakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Motzkin" title="Kiryat Motzkin">Kiryat Motzkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Ono" title="Kiryat Ono">Kiryat Ono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Shmona" title="Kiryat Shmona">Kiryat Shmona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Yam" title="Kiryat Yam">Kiryat Yam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27alot-Tarshiha" title="Ma'alot-Tarshiha">Ma'alot-Tarshiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migdal_HaEmek" title="Migdal HaEmek">Migdal HaEmek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesher" title="Nesher">Nesher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netivot" title="Netivot">Netivot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nof_HaGalil" title="Nof HaGalil">Nof HaGalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofakim" title="Ofakim">Ofakim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Or_Akiva" title="Or Akiva">Or Akiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Or_Yehuda" title="Or Yehuda">Or Yehuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalansawe" title="Qalansawe">Qalansawe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramat_HaSharon" title="Ramat HaSharon">Ramat HaSharon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safed" title="Safed">Safed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhnin" title="Sakhnin">Sakhnin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sderot" title="Sderot">Sderot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shefa-Amr" title="Shefa-Amr">Shefa-Amr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamra" title="Tamra">Tamra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayibe" title="Tayibe">Tayibe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberias" title="Tiberias">Tiberias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tira,_Israel" title="Tira, Israel">Tira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirat_Carmel" title="Tirat Carmel">Tirat Carmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yavne" title="Yavne">Yavne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yehud-Monosson" title="Yehud-Monosson">Yehud-Monosson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokneam_Illit" title="Yokneam Illit">Yokneam Illit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Crusader_sites" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Crusader_sites" title="Template:Crusader sites"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Crusader_sites" title="Template talk:Crusader sites"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Crusader_sites" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Crusader sites"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Crusader_sites" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusader</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Crusader_castles" title="List of Crusader castles">sites</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Sorted_by_modern_states,_with_crusader_names_in_parentheses_()">Sorted by modern states, with crusader <i>names in parentheses</i> ()</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Crusader_castles#Cyprus" title="List of Crusader castles">More</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Crusader_castles#Egypt" title="List of Crusader castles">More</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Crusader_castles#Greece" title="List of Crusader castles">More</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benedictine_monastery_in_Abu_Ghosh" title="Benedictine monastery in Abu Ghosh">Abu Ghosh</a> (<i>Fontenoid</i>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achziv" title="Achziv">Achziv</a> (<i>Casal Imbertia</i>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/15px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/23px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/30px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel#Knights'_Halls" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a> (<i>Saint Jean d'Acre</i>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/15px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/23px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/30px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollonia%E2%80%93Arsuf" title="Apollonia–Arsuf">Apollonia–Arsuf</a> (<i>Arsur</i>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascalon" title="Ascalon">Ascalon</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chastelet" title="Chastelet">Ateret Fortress</a> (<a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jacob%27s_Ford" title="Siege of Jacob's Ford">siege</a>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knights_Templar_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/17px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/26px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/34px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazur" title="Yazur">Yazur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_%27Itab" title="Bayt 'Itab">Bayt 'Itab</a> (<i>Bethaatap</i>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg/17px-Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg/26px-Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg/34px-Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Jibrin" title="Bayt Jibrin">Bayt Jibrin</a> (<i>Beth Gibelin</i>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Beit She'an</a> (<i>Bethsan</i>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belvoir_Castle_(Israel)" title="Belvoir Castle (Israel)">Belvoir Fortress</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgata" title="Burgata">Burgata</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knights_Templar_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/17px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/26px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/34px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Caesarea Maritima</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cafarlet" title="Cafarlet">Cafarlet</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knights_Templar_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/17px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/26px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/34px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_P%C3%A8lerin" title="Château Pèlerin">Château Pèlerin</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knights_Templar_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/17px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/26px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/34px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Destroit" title="Le Destroit">Destroit</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knights_Templar_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/17px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/26px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/34px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Burj,_Ramle" title="Al-Burj, Ramle">Castle Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Hemed" title="Ein Hemed">Ein Hemed</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jerusalem_during_the_Crusader_period" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Jerusalem during the Crusader period">Jerusalem</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg/17px-Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg/26px-Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg/34px-Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knights_Templar_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/17px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/26px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/34px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lazarus_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Lazarus_cross.svg/17px-Lazarus_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Lazarus_cross.svg/26px-Lazarus_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Lazarus_cross.svg/34px-Lazarus_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/15px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/23px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/30px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a> (<i>Caypha</i>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latrun" title="Latrun">Latrun</a> (<i>Toron</i>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knights_Templar_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/17px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/26px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/34px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunin" title="Hunin">Hunin</a> (<i>Château Neuf</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%27ilya" title="Mi'ilya">Mi'ilya</a> (<i>Castellum Regis</i>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/15px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/23px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/30px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migdal_Afek" title="Migdal Afek">Migdal Afek</a> (<i>Mirabel</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montfort_Castle" title="Montfort Castle">Montfort</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/15px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/23px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/30px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalansawe" title="Qalansawe">Qalansawe</a> (<i>Calanson</i>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaqun" title="Qaqun">Qaqun</a> (<i>Caco</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qastal,_Jerusalem" title="Al-Qastal, Jerusalem">Qastal</a> (<i>Beauverium</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qula" title="Qula">Qula</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safed" title="Safed">Safed</a> (<i>Saphet</i>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knights_Templar_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/17px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/26px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/34px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taibe,_Galilee" title="Taibe, Galilee">Taibe</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Afek" title="Tel Afek">Tel Afek</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Hanaton" title="Tel Hanaton">Tel Hanaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_es-Safi" title="Tell es-Safi">Tell es-Safi</a> (<i>Blanche Garde</i>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Tanninim" title="Tel Tanninim">Tel Tanninim (<i>Torin Selin</i>)</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suba,_Jerusalem" title="Suba, Jerusalem">Suba</a> (<i>Belmont</i>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Yokneam" title="Tel Yokneam">Tel Yokneam</a> (<i>Caymont</i>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knights_Templar_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/17px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/26px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/34px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yibna" title="Yibna">Yavne</a> (<i>Ibelin</i>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberias" title="Tiberias">Tiberias</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepphoris" title="Sepphoris">Sepphoris</a> (<i>La Sephorie</i>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Khalid" title="Umm Khalid">Umm Khalid</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Jiddin" title="Khirbat Jiddin">Khirbat Jiddin</a> (<i>Judin</i>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/15px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/23px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/30px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajloun_Castle" title="Ajloun Castle">Ajloun Castle</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/17px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/26px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/34px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerak_Castle" title="Kerak Castle">Kerak Castle</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/17px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/26px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/34px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_(castle)" title="Montreal (castle)">Montreal</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/17px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/26px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/34px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafilah" title="Tafilah">Tafilah</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/17px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/26px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/34px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu%27ayra_Castle" title="Wu'ayra Castle">Vaux Moise</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/17px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/26px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/34px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arqa" title="Arqa">Arqa</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batroun" title="Batroun">Batroun</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaufort_Castle,_Lebanon" title="Beaufort Castle, Lebanon">Beaufort Castle</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/17px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/26px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/34px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beirut_Castle" title="Beirut Castle">Beirut Castle</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/17px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/26px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/34px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belhacem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belhacem (page does not exist)">Belhacem</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/17px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/26px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/34px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblos_Castle" title="Byblos Castle">Byblos Castle</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citadel_of_Tripoli" title="Citadel of Tripoli">Citadel of Tripoli</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaqra,_Lebanon#Doubay_or_'Qal'at_ad-Dubba" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaqra, Lebanon">Dubay Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibelacar" title="Gibelacar">Gibelacar</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coliath" title="Coliath">Coliath</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_Kifa#Castle" title="Deir Kifa">Deir Kifa Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasbaya#The_Citadel" title="Hasbaya">Hasbaya Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moinetre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moinetre (page does not exist)">Moinetre</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mseilha_Fort" title="Mseilha Fort">Puy du Connétable, Castrum Constabularii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enfeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Enfeh">Nephin</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Louis_Castle" title="Saint Louis Castle">Saint Louis Castle</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/17px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/26px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/34px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandelion_Castle" title="Scandelion Castle">Scandelion Castle</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/17px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/26px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/34px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidon_Sea_Castle" title="Sidon Sea Castle">Sidon Sea Castle</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/17px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/26px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/34px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toron" title="Toron">Toron</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/17px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/26px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/34px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Crusader_castles#Syria" title="List of Crusader castles">More</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Crusader_castles#Turkey" title="List of Crusader castles">More</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>Associations</dt> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a></dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/County_of_Tripoli" title="County of Tripoli">County of Tripoli</a></dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Knights Hospitaller</a></dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg/17px-Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg/26px-Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg/34px-Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Order of the Holy Sepulchre">Order of the Holy Sepulchre</a></dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knights_Templar_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/17px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/26px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/34px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a></dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lazarus_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Lazarus_cross.svg/17px-Lazarus_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Lazarus_cross.svg/26px-Lazarus_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Lazarus_cross.svg/34px-Lazarus_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Lazarus" title="Order of Saint Lazarus">Order of Saint Lazarus</a></dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/15px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/23px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/30px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Order" title="Teutonic Order">Teutonic Order</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_parks_of_Israel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_parks_of_Israel" title="Template:National parks of Israel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_parks_of_Israel" title="Template talk:National parks of Israel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_parks_of_Israel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National parks of Israel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_parks_of_Israel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_and_nature_reserves_of_Israel#National_parks" class="mw-redirect" title="List of national parks and nature reserves of Israel">National parks</a> of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_District" title="Jerusalem District">Jerusalem District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adullam-France_Park" title="Adullam-France Park">Adullam-France Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_%27Itab" title="Bayt 'Itab">Bayt 'Itab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castel_National_Park" title="Castel National Park">Castel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Hemed" title="Ein Hemed">Ein Hemed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaean_Mountains" title="Judaean Mountains">Judaean Mountains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_District_(Israel)" title="Northern District (Israel)">Northern District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achzib" class="mw-redirect" title="Achzib">Achziv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar%27am_National_Park" title="Bar'am National Park">Bar'am</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Alpha" title="Beth Alpha">Beit Alfa Synagogue</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Beit She'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_She%27arim_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Beit She'arim National Park">Beit She'arim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belvoir_Fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="Belvoir Fortress">Belvoir Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capernaum" title="Capernaum">Capernaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorazin" title="Chorazin">Chorazin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gan_HaShlosha_National_Park" title="Gan HaShlosha National Park">Gan HaShlosha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamat_Gader" title="Hamat Gader">Hamat Gader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamat_Tiberias" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamat Tiberias">Hamat Tiberias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27ayan_Harod_National_Park" title="Ma'ayan Harod National Park">Ma'ayan Harod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horns_of_Hattin" title="Horns of Hattin">Horns of Hattin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hula_Valley" title="Hula Valley">Hula Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurshat_Tal" title="Hurshat Tal">Hurshat Tal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Minya" title="Khirbat al-Minya">Hurvat Minia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montfort_Castle" title="Montfort Castle">Montfort Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Arbel" title="Mount Arbel">Mount Arbel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Tabor" title="Mount Tabor">Mount Tabor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_HaNikra_grottoes" title="Rosh HaNikra grottoes">Rosh HaNikra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurvat_Amudim" title="Hurvat Amudim">Sde Amudim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Hazor" title="Tel Hazor">Tel Hazor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedesh" title="Kedesh">Tel Kedesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Megiddo" title="Tel Megiddo">Tel Megiddo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tzalmon_Stream&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tzalmon Stream (page does not exist)">Tzalmon Stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepphoris" title="Sepphoris">Tzippori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yehi%27am_Fortress_National_Park" title="Yehi'am Fortress National Park">Yehi'am Fortress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Haifa_District" title="Haifa District">Haifa District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caesarea_National_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caesarea National Park (page does not exist)">Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HaSharon_Park" title="HaSharon Park">HaSharon Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel_National_Park" title="Mount Carmel National Park">Mount Carmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahal_Me%27arot_Nature_Reserve" title="Nahal Me'arot Nature Reserve">Nahal Me'arot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Shikmona" title="Tel Shikmona">Tel Shikmona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_District_(Israel)" title="Central District (Israel)">Central District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_stream" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander stream">Alexander stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hof_HaSharon" class="mw-redirect" title="Hof HaSharon">Hof HaSharon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazor_Mausoleum" title="Mazor Mausoleum">Mazor Mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migdal_Afek" title="Migdal Afek">Migdal Afek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palmachim_beach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palmachim beach (page does not exist)">Palmachim beach</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubin_Stream&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubin Stream (page does not exist)">Rubin Stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipatris" title="Antipatris">Tel Afek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gezer" title="Gezer">Tel Gezer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzur_Natan" title="Tzur Natan">Tzur Natan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_District" title="Tel Aviv District">Tel Aviv District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arsuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsuf">Arsuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidna_Ali_Mosque" title="Sidna Ali Mosque">Sidna Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarkon_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Yarkon National Park">Yarkon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_District_(Israel)" title="Southern District (Israel)">Southern District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ashkelon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashkelon_National_Park" title="Ashkelon National Park">Ashkelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Guvrin_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Beit Guvrin National Park">Beit Guvrin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semekh_caves&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semekh caves (page does not exist)">Semekh caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Lachish" title="Tel Lachish">Tel Lachish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_es-Safi" title="Tell es-Safi">Tel Tzafit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beersheba</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avdat" title="Avdat">Avdat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HaBesor_Stream" class="mw-redirect" title="HaBesor Stream">Besor Stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Avdat" title="Ein Avdat">Ein Avdat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Gedi" title="Ein Gedi">Ein Gedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eshkol_National_Park" title="Eshkol National Park">Eshkol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamshit" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamshit">Mamshit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masada" title="Masada">Masada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_the_Negev_Brigade" title="Monument to the Negev Brigade">Negev Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitzana_(Nabataean_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitzana (Nabataean city)">Nitzana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivta" title="Shivta">Shivta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Arad" title="Tel Arad">Tel Arad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Be%27er_Sheva" title="Tel Be'er Sheva">Tel Be'er Sheva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Template:National_parks_in_the_Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Template:National parks in the Israeli-occupied territories"> National parks declared by Israel in the occupied Palestinian territories and Golan Heights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Template:Nature_reserves_of_Israel" title="Template:Nature reserves of Israel">Nature reserves of Israel</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sites_of_the_Israelite_settlement" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sites_of_the_Israelite_Settlement" title="Template:Sites of the Israelite Settlement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sites_of_the_Israelite_Settlement" title="Template talk:Sites of the Israelite Settlement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sites_of_the_Israelite_Settlement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sites of the Israelite Settlement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sites_of_the_Israelite_settlement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_site" title="Archaeological site">Sites</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Israelite_highland_settlement" title="Israelite highland settlement">Israelite settlement</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Sites involved in the 13th–11th century BCE archaeological phenomenon of the Israelite Settlement</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New settlements at previously unoccupied sites in late 13th/early 12th centuries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bull_Site" title="Bull Site">Bull Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Dor" title="Tel Dor">Tel Dor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eben-Ezer" title="Eben-Ezer">Izbet Sartah</a></li> <li>Tell el-Ful (<a href="/wiki/Gibeah" title="Gibeah">Gibeah</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giloh" title="Giloh">Giloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heshbon" title="Heshbon">Heshbon</a></li> <li>Khirbet ed-Dawwara</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirbet_el-Mastarah" title="Khirbet el-Mastarah">Khirbet el-Mastarah</a></li> <li>Khirbet Ghuraba</li> <li>Khirbet Ibn Nasir</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Arad" title="Tel Arad">Tel Arad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Be%27er_Sheva" title="Tel Be'er Sheva">Tel Be'er Sheva</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beersheba" title="Beersheba">Beersheba</a>)</li> <li>Tel Esdar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaretan" title="Zaretan">Tell es-Sa'idiyeh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zaretan" title="Zaretan">Zaretan</a>)</li> <li>Tell Radanna</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New settlements at long deserted sites in 12th/11th centuries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethzur" class="mw-redirect" title="Bethzur">Bethzur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Dan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tel Dan">Tel Dan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Et-Tell" title="Et-Tell">Et-Tell</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ai_(Canaan)" title="Ai (Canaan)">Ai</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibeon_(ancient_city)" title="Gibeon (ancient city)">Gibeon</a></li> <li>Khirbet Marjameh</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiloh_(biblical_city)" title="Shiloh (biblical city)">Shiloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinneret_(archaeological_site)" title="Kinneret (archaeological site)">Tel Kinrot</a> (Kinneret)</li> <li>Tel Masos</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_en-Nasbeh" title="Tell en-Nasbeh">Tell en-Nasbeh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mizpah_in_Benjamin" title="Mizpah in Benjamin">Mizpah</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Rumeida" title="Tel Rumeida">Tel Rumeida</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Destroyed in late 13th/early 12th centuries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azekah" title="Azekah">Azekah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asdudu" class="mw-redirect" title="Asdudu">Ashdod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Shemesh" title="Beit Shemesh">Beit Shemesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethel" title="Bethel">Bethel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_Alla" title="Deir Alla">Deir Alla</a> (Succoth)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachish" class="mw-redirect" title="Lachish">Lachish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabud" title="Rabud">Rabud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Beit_Mirsim" title="Tell Beit Mirsim">Tell Beit Mirsim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eglon,_Canaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Eglon, Canaan">Tel 'Eton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Hazor" title="Tel Hazor">Tel Hazor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Megiddo" title="Tel Megiddo">Tel Megiddo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Not destroyed in late 13th/early 12th centuries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beth-shan" class="mw-redirect" title="Beth-shan">Beth-shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gezer" title="Gezer">Gezer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shechem" title="Shechem">Shechem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taanach" class="mw-redirect" title="Taanach">Taanach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152368#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152368#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152368#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/125509724">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1219658/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4069362-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82060140">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb137355229">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb137355229">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=43233">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007554833205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/678378">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/066838029">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beit_She%27an&oldid=1252606840">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beit_She%27an&oldid=1252606840</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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