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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French anarchist (1858–1941)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the French physician, see <a href="/wiki/Paul_Reclus_(surgeon)" title="Paul Reclus (surgeon)">Paul Reclus (surgeon)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Paul Reclus</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Reclus_(anarchist)_%E2%80%93_crop_of_Bertillon_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Paul_Reclus_%28anarchist%29_%E2%80%93_crop_of_Bertillon_photo.jpg/220px-Paul_Reclus_%28anarchist%29_%E2%80%93_crop_of_Bertillon_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Paul_Reclus_%28anarchist%29_%E2%80%93_crop_of_Bertillon_photo.jpg/330px-Paul_Reclus_%28anarchist%29_%E2%80%93_crop_of_Bertillon_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Paul_Reclus_%28anarchist%29_%E2%80%93_crop_of_Bertillon_photo.jpg/440px-Paul_Reclus_%28anarchist%29_%E2%80%93_crop_of_Bertillon_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1349" data-file-height="1817" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Bertillon" title="Alphonse Bertillon">Alphonse Bertillon</a> photo of Reclus, 1893</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1858-05-25</span>)</span>May 25, 1858<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Neuilly-sur-Seine" title="Neuilly-sur-Seine">Neuilly-sur-Seine</a>, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">January 19, 1941<span style="display:none">(1941-01-19)</span> (aged 82)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a>, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Georges Guyon</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Engineer, teacher</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lie_Reclus" title="Élie Reclus">Élie Reclus</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Family</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Reclus_family" title="Reclus family">Reclus family</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Paul Reclus</b> (May 25, 1858 –January 19, 1941) was a French anarchist. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Reclus_(anarchist)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Paul Reclus was born on May 25, 1858, in <a href="/wiki/Neuilly-sur-Seine" title="Neuilly-sur-Seine">Neuilly-sur-Seine</a> to <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lie_Reclus" title="Élie Reclus">Élie Reclus</a>. Following the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune" title="Paris Commune">Paris Commune</a>, as a young teenager, he and his parents moved to <a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich</a>, where he remained for six years. Reclus attended <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Centrale_Paris" title="École Centrale Paris">École Centrale Paris</a> between 1878 and 1881, and worked as an engineer for the next 13 years. His 1885 marriage bore four children, among whom would be the anarchist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Reclus_(anarchist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Reclus (anarchist) (page does not exist)">Jacques Reclus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Maitron_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maitron-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Reclus_(anarchist)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Reclus wrote syndicalist propaganda while an engineer at the <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Bess%C3%A8ges" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Bessèges">Gare de Bessèges</a>, from which he was fired in 1886. He formed an anarchist group and about 30 people in the <a href="/wiki/Al%C3%A8s" title="Alès">Alès</a> area (southern France) participated. Reclus attended the 1889 <a href="/wiki/Anarchist_Congress_of_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchist Congress of Paris">International Anarchist Congress in Paris</a>, where he advocated for <a href="/wiki/Individual_reclamation" class="mw-redirect" title="Individual reclamation">individual reclamation</a> as an expression of <a href="/wiki/Propaganda_by_deed" class="mw-redirect" title="Propaganda by deed">propaganda by deed</a>. He later wrote that theft and work greatly overlapped, that presently, work was not honest and theft was not dishonest.<sup id="cite_ref-Maitron_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maitron-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He wrote for anarchist publications including <i>La Plume</i>, <i>La Revue anarchiste</i>, and <i>La Revue libertaire</i>. Reclus wrote <a href="/wiki/Jean_Grave" title="Jean Grave">Jean Grave</a>'s <i>Revolt</i> for half a year during the latter's prison sentence. Reclus also managed two subscription funds, for a press and for families of prisoners.<sup id="cite_ref-Maitron_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maitron-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reclus came to manage a new factory at <a href="/wiki/Varang%C3%A9ville" title="Varangéville">Varangéville</a> in 1892 but quit when anarchists he had hired, including Désiré Pauwels, were fired. His family returned to Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-Maitron_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maitron-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The anarchist <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Vaillant" title="Auguste Vaillant">Auguste Vaillant</a> borrowed money from Reclus's wife and wrote a letter to Reclus outlining his bombing plot. Reclus, in the aftermath, fled Paris after being arrested in suspect of helping Vaillant with chemicals. He subsequently left France altogether after being indicted in the <a href="/wiki/Trial_of_the_Thirty" title="Trial of the Thirty">Trial of the Thirty</a>. He assumed the pseudonym Georges Guyon, a modification of a friend's name from whom Reclus borrowed legal documentation. Reclus lived in Britain for nine years and met <a href="/wiki/Kropotkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Errico_Malatesta" title="Errico Malatesta">Malatesta</a>, and Tcherkesoff in London. Meanwhile in France in 1894, Reclus was <a href="/wiki/Tried_in_absentia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tried in absentia">tried <i>in absentia</i></a> and received the default sentence of 20 years' hard labor.<sup id="cite_ref-Maitron_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maitron-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reclus and his family continued to Scotland in 1896, where he would work with the anarchist geographer <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Geddes" title="Patrick Geddes">Patrick Geddes</a>, who ran the Edinburgh <a href="/wiki/Outlook_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Outlook Tower">Outlook Tower</a> museum of human geography. Reclus taught at <a href="/wiki/Peebles_High_School,_Peeblesshire" title="Peebles High School, Peeblesshire">Peebles High School</a> near Edinburgh for a year in 1898. They moved to a suburb of Brussels to assist Reclus's uncle, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lis%C3%A9e_Reclus" title="Élisée Reclus">Élisée Reclus</a>, in publishing <i>Man and the Earth</i>. After Élisée's death in 1905, Paul Reclus continued his uncle's work. Reclus taught at the <a href="/wiki/French_Lyc%C3%A9e_in_Brussels" title="French Lycée in Brussels">French Lycée in Brussels</a> three years later. He received clearance to return to France from <a href="/wiki/Georges_Clemenceau" title="Georges Clemenceau">Georges Clemenceau</a> and visited Paris repeatedly. Reclus was forced out of his Brussels school in 1913 after taking students to visit Kropotkin. He moved to France in 1914, and during World War I, he wrote in <i>La Bataille</i>, <i>La Feuille</i>, Jean Grave's <i>Bulletin des Temps nouveaux</i>, and was a signer on the <a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_the_Sixteen" title="Manifesto of the Sixteen">Manifesto of the Sixteen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Maitron_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maitron-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He moved to <a href="/wiki/Domme,_Dordogne" title="Domme, Dordogne">Domme, Dordogne</a>, where he set up a museum. He spent the remainder of his life writing scientific biography, teaching at the <a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_des_%C3%89cossais,_Montpellier" title="Collège des Écossais, Montpellier">Montpellier College of Scots</a>, and writing anarchist propaganda. He advocated for libertarian communism and participated in the French contingent of Solidarité internationale antifasciste (SIA) in the late 30s.<sup id="cite_ref-Maitron_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maitron-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reclus died on January 19, 1941, in <a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Maitron_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maitron-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Reclus_(anarchist)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Maitron-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Maitron_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maitron_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maitron_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maitron_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maitron_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maitron_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maitron_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maitron_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMaitronBantman2014" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Maitron, Jean; Bantman, Constance (April 24, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maitron.fr/spip.php?article154834">"RECLUS Paul [dit Georges Guyou]"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionnaire_des_anarchistes" title="Dictionnaire des anarchistes">Dictionnaire des anarchistes</a></i> (in French). Paris: Maitron/Editions de l'Atelier.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=RECLUS+Paul+%5Bdit+Georges+Guyou%5D&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+des+anarchistes&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Maitron%2FEditions+de+l%27Atelier&rft.date=2014-04-24&rft.aulast=Maitron&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.au=Bantman%2C+Constance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmaitron.fr%2Fspip.php%3Farticle154834&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaul+Reclus+%28anarchist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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