CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"8773acc4-d271-4250-8dd8-4ec0037e0980","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit","wgTitle":"United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit","wgCurRevisionId":1238194342,"wgRevisionId":1238194342,"wgArticleId":428324,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2024","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Articles with hCards","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from September 2019","Coordinates on Wikidata", "United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit","Organizations based in Richmond, Virginia","Baltimore","Charleston, West Virginia","Alexandria, Virginia","Government of Raleigh, North Carolina","Government of Richmond, Virginia","1891 establishments in the United States","Courts and tribunals established in 1891"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit","wgRelevantArticleId":428324,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true, "tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":37.53769,"lon":-77.43481},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q250463","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready", "skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints", "ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Seal_of_the_United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit.svg/1200px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Seal_of_the_United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit.svg/800px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Seal_of_the_United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit.svg/640px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="640"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit rootpage-United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=United+States+Court+of+Appeals+for+the+Fourth+Circuit" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=United+States+Court+of+Appeals+for+the+Fourth+Circuit" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=United+States+Court+of+Appeals+for+the+Fourth+Circuit" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=United+States+Court+of+Appeals+for+the+Fourth+Circuit" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Current_composition_of_the_court" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_composition_of_the_court"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Current composition of the court</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_composition_of_the_court-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vacancies_and_pending_nominations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vacancies_and_pending_nominations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Vacancies and pending nominations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vacancies_and_pending_nominations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_former_judges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_former_judges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>List of former judges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_former_judges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chief_judges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chief_judges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Chief judges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chief_judges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Succession_of_seats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Succession_of_seats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Succession of seats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Succession_of_seats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Practice_in_the_4th_Circuit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Practice_in_the_4th_Circuit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Practice in the 4th Circuit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Practice_in_the_4th_Circuit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Case_law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Case_law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Case law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Case_law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 7 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-7" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">7 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87_%DA%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="دادگاه استیناف حوزه چهارم ایالات متحده آمریکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دادگاه استیناف حوزه چهارم ایالات متحده آمریکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cour_d%27appel_des_%C3%89tats-Unis_pour_le_quatri%C3%A8me_circuit" title="Cour d'appel des États-Unis pour le quatrième circuit – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cour d'appel des États-Unis pour le quatrième circuit" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%98_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%99_%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="בית המשפט הפדרלי הרביעי לערעורים של ארצות הברית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בית המשפט הפדרלי הרביעי לערעורים של ארצות הברית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hof_van_Beroep_voor_het_4e_circuit" title="Hof van Beroep voor het 4e circuit – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hof van Beroep voor het 4e circuit" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Апелляционный суд четвёртого округа США – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Апелляционный суд четвёртого округа США" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%A1%E5%9B%9E%E4%B8%8A%E8%AF%89%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="美国联邦第四巡回上诉法院 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美国联邦第四巡回上诉法院" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q250463#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit&oldid=1238194342" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit&id=1238194342&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUnited_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUnited_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q250463" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit&params=37.53769_N_77.43481_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°32′16″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°26′05″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.53769°N 77.43481°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.53769; -77.43481</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Current United States federal appellate court</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">(4th Cir.)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Seal_of_the_United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Seal_of_the_United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit.svg/225px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Seal_of_the_United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit.svg/300px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:4th_Circuit_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/4th_Circuit_map.svg/220px-4th_Circuit_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/4th_Circuit_map.svg/330px-4th_Circuit_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/4th_Circuit_map.svg/440px-4th_Circuit_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="593" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_F._Powell_Jr._United_States_Courthouse" title="Lewis F. Powell Jr. United States Courthouse">Lewis F. Powell Jr. U.S. Courthouse</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r996643573">.mw-parser-output .block-indent{padding-left:3em;padding-right:0;overflow:hidden}</style><div class="block-indent" style="padding-left: 1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appeals from</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Maryland" title="United States District Court for the District of Maryland">District of Maryland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_North_Carolina" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina">Eastern District of North Carolina</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Middle_District_of_North_Carolina" title="United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina">Middle District of North Carolina</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_North_Carolina" title="United States District Court for the Western District of North Carolina">Western District of North Carolina</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_South_Carolina" title="United States District Court for the District of South Carolina">District of South Carolina</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Virginia" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia">Eastern District of Virginia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Virginia" title="United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia">Western District of Virginia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_West_Virginia" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of West Virginia">Northern District of West Virginia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_West_Virginia" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia">Southern District of West Virginia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">June 16, 1891</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Judges</th><td class="infobox-data">15</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Circuit Justice</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">John Roberts</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Chief_judge_(United_States)" title="Chief judge (United States)">Chief Judge</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Diaz_(judge)" title="Albert Diaz (judge)">Albert Diaz</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ca4.uscourts.gov">www<wbr />.ca4<wbr />.uscourts<wbr />.gov</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit</b> (in <a href="/wiki/Case_citation" title="Case citation">case citations</a>, <b>4th Cir.</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States federal court">federal court</a> located in <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Appellate_jurisdiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Appellate jurisdiction">appellate jurisdiction</a> over the <a href="/wiki/United_States_district_court" title="United States district court">district courts</a> in the following <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_judicial_district" title="United States federal judicial district">districts</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Maryland" title="United States District Court for the District of Maryland">District of Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_North_Carolina" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina">Eastern District of North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Middle_District_of_North_Carolina" title="United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina">Middle District of North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_North_Carolina" title="United States District Court for the Western District of North Carolina">Western District of North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_South_Carolina" title="United States District Court for the District of South Carolina">District of South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Virginia" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia">Eastern District of Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Virginia" title="United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia">Western District of Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_West_Virginia" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of West Virginia">Northern District of West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_West_Virginia" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia">Southern District of West Virginia</a></li></ul> <p>The court is based at the <a href="/wiki/Lewis_F._Powell_Jr._United_States_Courthouse" title="Lewis F. Powell Jr. United States Courthouse">Lewis F. Powell Jr. United States Courthouse</a> in <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a>. With 15 authorized judgeships, it is mid-sized among the 13 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Court of Appeals">United States Courts of Appeals</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Richmond_Federal_Appeals_Court_and_skyline_VA2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Richmond_Federal_Appeals_Court_and_skyline_VA2.jpg/256px-Richmond_Federal_Appeals_Court_and_skyline_VA2.jpg" decoding="async" width="256" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Richmond_Federal_Appeals_Court_and_skyline_VA2.jpg/384px-Richmond_Federal_Appeals_Court_and_skyline_VA2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Richmond_Federal_Appeals_Court_and_skyline_VA2.jpg/512px-Richmond_Federal_Appeals_Court_and_skyline_VA2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4876" data-file-height="3582" /></a><figcaption>Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Courthouse</figcaption></figure> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_composition_of_the_court">Current composition of the court</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Current composition of the court"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of March 19, 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>:<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dutystation_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dutystation-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="clear:left"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:bottom;"> <th data-sort-type="number" rowspan="2"># </th> <th rowspan="2">Title </th> <th rowspan="2">Judge </th> <th rowspan="2">Duty station </th> <th rowspan="2">Born </th> <th colspan="3">Term of service </th> <th rowspan="2">Appointed by </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:bottom;"> <th>Active </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Chief_judge_(United_States)" title="Chief judge (United States)">Chief</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Senior_status" title="Senior status">Senior</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">48 </td> <td>Chief Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Albert_Diaz_(judge)" title="Albert Diaz (judge)">Albert Diaz</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte, NC</a> </td> <td>1960 </td> <td>2010–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2023–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="44 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama">Obama</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">30 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/J._Harvie_Wilkinson_III" title="J. Harvie Wilkinson III">J. Harvie Wilkinson III</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charlottesville,_Virginia" title="Charlottesville, Virginia">Charlottesville, VA</a> </td> <td>1944 </td> <td>1984–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1996–2003 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="40 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Ronald_Reagan" title="List of federal judges appointed by Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">33 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paul_V._Niemeyer" title="Paul V. Niemeyer">Paul V. Niemeyer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baltimore,_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore, Maryland">Baltimore, MD</a> </td> <td>1941 </td> <td>1990–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="41 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_H._W._Bush" title="List of federal judges appointed by George H. W. Bush">G.H.W. Bush</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">40 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_King" title="Robert Bruce King">Robert Bruce King</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charleston,_West_Virginia" title="Charleston, West Virginia">Charleston, WV</a> </td> <td>1940 </td> <td>1998–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="42 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Bill_Clinton" title="List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton">Clinton</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">41 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roger_Gregory" title="Roger Gregory">Roger Gregory</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, VA</a> </td> <td>1953 </td> <td>2000–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2016–2023 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="42 !"><span data-sort-value="42 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Bill_Clinton" title="List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton">Clinton</a></span> /<br /><span data-sort-value="43 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of federal judges appointed by George W. Bush">G.W. Bush</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">44 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/G._Steven_Agee" title="G. Steven Agee">G. Steven Agee</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salem,_Virginia" title="Salem, Virginia">Salem, VA</a> </td> <td>1952 </td> <td>2008–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="43 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of federal judges appointed by George W. Bush">G.W. Bush</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">47 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Andrew_Wynn" title="James Andrew Wynn">James Andrew Wynn</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh, NC</a> </td> <td>1954 </td> <td>2010–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="44 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama">Obama</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">50 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Thacker" title="Stephanie Thacker">Stephanie Thacker</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charleston,_West_Virginia" title="Charleston, West Virginia">Charleston, WV</a> </td> <td>1965 </td> <td>2012–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="44 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama">Obama</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">51 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pamela_Harris_(judge)" title="Pamela Harris (judge)">Pamela Harris</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bethesda,_Maryland" title="Bethesda, Maryland">Bethesda, MD</a> </td> <td>1962 </td> <td>2014–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="44 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama">Obama</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">52 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Julius_N._Richardson" title="Julius N. Richardson">Julius N. Richardson</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina">Columbia, SC</a> </td> <td>1976 </td> <td>2018–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="45 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump">Trump</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">53 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/A._Marvin_Quattlebaum_Jr." title="A. Marvin Quattlebaum Jr.">A. Marvin Quattlebaum Jr.</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greenville,_South_Carolina" title="Greenville, South Carolina">Greenville, SC</a> </td> <td>1964 </td> <td>2018–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="45 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump">Trump</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">54 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Allison_Jones_Rushing" title="Allison Jones Rushing">Allison Jones Rushing</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asheville,_North_Carolina" title="Asheville, North Carolina">Asheville, NC</a> </td> <td>1982 </td> <td>2019–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="45 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump">Trump</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">55 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toby_J._Heytens" title="Toby J. Heytens">Toby J. Heytens</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria, VA</a> </td> <td>1975 </td> <td>2021–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="46 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden">Biden</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">56 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/DeAndrea_G._Benjamin" title="DeAndrea G. Benjamin">DeAndrea G. Benjamin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina">Columbia, SC</a> </td> <td>1972 </td> <td>2023–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="46 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden">Biden</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">57 </td> <td>Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Berner" title="Nicole Berner">Nicole Berner</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baltimore,_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore, Maryland">Baltimore, MD</a> </td> <td>1965 </td> <td>2024–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden">Biden</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">38 </td> <td>Senior Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Diana_Gribbon_Motz" title="Diana Gribbon Motz">Diana Gribbon Motz</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baltimore,_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore, Maryland">Baltimore, MD</a> </td> <td>1943 </td> <td>1994–2022 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2022–present </td> <td><span data-sort-value="42 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Bill_Clinton" title="List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton">Clinton</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">39 </td> <td>Senior Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Byrd_Traxler_Jr." title="William Byrd Traxler Jr.">William Byrd Traxler Jr.</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greenville,_South_Carolina" title="Greenville, South Carolina">Greenville, SC</a> </td> <td>1948 </td> <td>1998–2018 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2009–2016 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2018–present </td> <td><span data-sort-value="42 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Bill_Clinton" title="List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton">Clinton</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">46 </td> <td>Senior Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Milano_Keenan" title="Barbara Milano Keenan">Barbara Milano Keenan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria, VA</a> </td> <td>1950 </td> <td>2010–2021 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2021–present </td> <td><span data-sort-value="44 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama">Obama</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;">49 </td> <td>Senior Circuit Judge </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_F._Floyd" title="Henry F. Floyd">Henry F. Floyd</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spartanburg,_South_Carolina" title="Spartanburg, South Carolina">Spartanburg, SC</a> </td> <td>1947 </td> <td>2011–2021 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2021–present </td> <td><span data-sort-value="44 !"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama">Obama</a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vacancies_and_pending_nominations">Vacancies and pending nominations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Vacancies and pending nominations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Seat </th> <th>Prior judge's duty station </th> <th>Seat last held by </th> <th>Vacancy reason </th> <th>Date of vacancy </th> <th>Nominee </th> <th>Date of nomination </th></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh, NC</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Andrew_Wynn" title="James Andrew Wynn">James Andrew Wynn</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Senior_status" title="Senior status">Senior status</a> </td> <td>TBD<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Y._Park" title="Ryan Y. Park">Ryan Y. Park</a> </td> <td>July 8, 2024 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_former_judges">List of former judges</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: List of former judges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="clear: both"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:bottom;"> <th># </th> <th>Judge </th> <th>State </th> <th>Born–died </th> <th>Active service </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Chief_judge_(United_States)" title="Chief judge (United States)">Chief Judge</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Senior_status" title="Senior status">Senior status</a> </th> <th>Appointed by </th> <th>Reason for<br />termination </th></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>1 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Bond, Hugh Lennox"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Lennox_Bond" title="Hugh Lennox Bond">Hugh Lennox Bond</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">MD</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1828–1893 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1891–1893 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Grant,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Ulysses_S._Grant" title="List of federal judges appointed by Ulysses S. Grant"> Grant</a></span></span></span> / <a href="/wiki/Operation_of_law" title="Operation of law">Operation of law</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>2 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Goff Jr., Nathan"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Goff_Jr." title="Nathan Goff Jr.">Nathan Goff Jr.</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">WV</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1843–1920 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1892–1913 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Harrison, B."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Benjamin_Harrison" title="List of federal judges appointed by Benjamin Harrison">B. Harrison</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">resignation </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>3 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Simonton, Charles Henry"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Henry_Simonton" title="Charles Henry Simonton">Charles Henry Simonton</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">SC</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1829–1904 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1893–1904 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Cleveland,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Grover_Cleveland" title="List of federal judges appointed by Grover Cleveland"> Cleveland</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>4 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Pritchard, Jeter Connelly"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jeter_Connelly_Pritchard" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeter Connelly Pritchard">Jeter Connelly Pritchard</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">NC</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1857–1921 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1904–1921 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Roosevelt, T."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="List of federal judges appointed by Theodore Roosevelt">T. Roosevelt</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>5 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Knapp, Martin Augustine"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Augustine_Knapp" title="Martin Augustine Knapp">Martin Augustine Knapp</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">NY</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1843–1923 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1916–1923 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>6 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Woods, Charles Albert"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_Woods" title="Charles Albert Woods">Charles Albert Woods</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">SC</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1852–1925 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1913–1925 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Wilson,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Woodrow_Wilson" title="List of federal judges appointed by Woodrow Wilson"> Wilson</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>7 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Waddill Jr., Edmund"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Waddill_Jr." title="Edmund Waddill Jr.">Edmund Waddill Jr.</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">VA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1855–1931 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1921–1931 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Harding,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Warren_G._Harding" title="List of federal judges appointed by Warren G. Harding"> Harding</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>8 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Rose, John Carter"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_Carter_Rose" title="John Carter Rose">John Carter Rose</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">MD</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1861–1927 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1922–1927 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Harding,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Warren_G._Harding" title="List of federal judges appointed by Warren G. Harding"> Harding</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>9 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Parker, John J."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_J._Parker" title="John J. Parker">John J. Parker</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">NC</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1885–1958 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1925–1958 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1948–1958 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Coolidge,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Calvin_Coolidge" title="List of federal judges appointed by Calvin Coolidge"> Coolidge</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>10 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Northcott, Elliott"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Northcott" title="Elliott Northcott">Elliott Northcott</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">WV</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1869–1946 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1927–1939 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1939–1946 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Coolidge,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Calvin_Coolidge" title="List of federal judges appointed by Calvin Coolidge"> Coolidge</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>11 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Soper, Morris Ames"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Morris_Ames_Soper" title="Morris Ames Soper">Morris Ames Soper</a></span></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-recess_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recess-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">MD</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1873–1963 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1931–1955 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1955–1963 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Hoover,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Herbert_Hoover" title="List of federal judges appointed by Herbert Hoover"> Hoover</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>12 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Dobie, Armistead Mason"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Armistead_Mason_Dobie" title="Armistead Mason Dobie">Armistead Mason Dobie</a></span></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-recess_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recess-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">VA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1881–1962 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1939–1956 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1956–1962 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Roosevelt, F."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="List of federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt">F. Roosevelt</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>13 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Sobeloff, Simon"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Sobeloff" title="Simon Sobeloff">Simon Sobeloff</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">MD</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1894–1973 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1956–1970 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1958–1964 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1970–1973 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Eisenhower,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="List of federal judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower"> Eisenhower</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>14 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Haynsworth, Clement"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Clement_Haynsworth" title="Clement Haynsworth">Clement Haynsworth</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">SC</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1912–1989 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1957–1981 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1964–1981 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1981–1989 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Eisenhower,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="List of federal judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower"> Eisenhower</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>15 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Boreman, Herbert Stephenson"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Stephenson_Boreman" title="Herbert Stephenson Boreman">Herbert Stephenson Boreman</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">WV</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1897–1982 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1959–1971 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1971–1982 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Eisenhower,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="List of federal judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower"> Eisenhower</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>16 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Bryan, Albert Vickers"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Vickers_Bryan" title="Albert Vickers Bryan">Albert Vickers Bryan</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">VA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1899–1984 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1961–1972 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1972–1984 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Kennedy,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_John_F._Kennedy" title="List of federal judges appointed by John F. Kennedy"> Kennedy</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>17 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Bell, J. Spencer"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/J._Spencer_Bell" title="J. Spencer Bell">J. Spencer Bell</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">NC</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1906–1967 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1961–1967 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Kennedy,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_John_F._Kennedy" title="List of federal judges appointed by John F. Kennedy"> Kennedy</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>18 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Winter, Harrison Lee"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Lee_Winter" title="Harrison Lee Winter">Harrison Lee Winter</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">MD</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1921–1990 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1966–1990 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1981–1989 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1990 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Johnson, L."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="List of federal judges appointed by Lyndon B. Johnson">L. Johnson</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>19 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Craven Jr., James Braxton"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/James_Braxton_Craven_Jr." title="James Braxton Craven Jr.">James Braxton Craven Jr.</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">NC</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1918–1977 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1966–1977 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Johnson, L."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="List of federal judges appointed by Lyndon B. Johnson">L. Johnson</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>20 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Butzner Jr., John D."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_D._Butzner_Jr." title="John D. Butzner Jr.">John D. Butzner Jr.</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">VA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1917–2006 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1967–1982 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1982–2006 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Johnson, L."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="List of federal judges appointed by Lyndon B. Johnson">L. Johnson</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>21 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Russell, Donald S."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Donald_S._Russell" title="Donald S. Russell">Donald S. Russell</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">SC</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1906–1998 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1971–1998 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Nixon,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Richard_Nixon" title="List of federal judges appointed by Richard Nixon"> Nixon</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>22 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Field Jr., John A."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_A._Field_Jr." title="John A. Field Jr.">John A. Field Jr.</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">WV</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1910–1995 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1971–1976 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1976–1995 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Nixon,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Richard_Nixon" title="List of federal judges appointed by Richard Nixon"> Nixon</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>23 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Widener Jr., Hiram Emory"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Emory_Widener_Jr." title="Hiram Emory Widener Jr.">Hiram Emory Widener Jr.</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">VA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1923–2007 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1972–2007 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2007 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Nixon,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Richard_Nixon" title="List of federal judges appointed by Richard Nixon"> Nixon</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>24 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Hall, Kenneth Keller"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Keller_Hall" title="Kenneth Keller Hall">Kenneth Keller Hall</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">WV</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1918–1999 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1976–1998 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1998–1999 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Ford,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Gerald_Ford" title="List of federal judges appointed by Gerald Ford"> Ford</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>25 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Phillips Jr., James Dickson"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/James_Dickson_Phillips_Jr." title="James Dickson Phillips Jr.">James Dickson Phillips Jr.</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">NC</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1922–2017 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1978–1994 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1994–2017 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Carter,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter"> Carter</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>26 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Murnaghan Jr., Francis Dominic"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Dominic_Murnaghan_Jr." title="Francis Dominic Murnaghan Jr.">Francis Dominic Murnaghan Jr.</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">MD</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1920–2000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1979–2000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Carter,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter"> Carter</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>27 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Sprouse, James Marshall"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/James_Marshall_Sprouse" title="James Marshall Sprouse">James Marshall Sprouse</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">WV</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1923–2004 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1979–1992 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1992–1995 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Carter,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter"> Carter</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">retirement </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>28 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Ervin III, Samuel James"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_James_Ervin_III" title="Samuel James Ervin III">Samuel James Ervin III</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">NC</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1926–1999 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1980–1999 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1989–1996 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Carter,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter"> Carter</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>29 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Chapman, Robert F."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Chapman" title="Robert F. Chapman">Robert F. Chapman</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">SC</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1926–2018 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1981–1991 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1991–2018 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Reagan,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Ronald_Reagan" title="List of federal judges appointed by Ronald Reagan"> Reagan</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>31 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Sneeden, Emory M."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Emory_M._Sneeden" title="Emory M. Sneeden">Emory M. Sneeden</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">NC</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1927–1987 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1984–1986 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Reagan,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Ronald_Reagan" title="List of federal judges appointed by Ronald Reagan"> Reagan</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">resignation </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>32 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Wilkins, William Walter"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_Walter_Wilkins" title="William Walter Wilkins">William Walter Wilkins</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">SC</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1942–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1986–2007 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2003–2007 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2007–2008 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Reagan,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Ronald_Reagan" title="List of federal judges appointed by Ronald Reagan"> Reagan</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">retirement </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>34 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Hamilton, Clyde H."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Clyde_H._Hamilton" title="Clyde H. Hamilton">Clyde H. Hamilton</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">SC</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1934–2020 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1991–1999 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1999–2020 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Bush, G.H.W."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_H._W._Bush" title="List of federal judges appointed by George H. W. Bush">G.H.W. Bush</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>35 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Luttig, J. Michael"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Luttig" title="J. Michael Luttig">J. Michael Luttig</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">VA</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1954–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1991–2006 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Bush, G.H.W."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_H._W._Bush" title="List of federal judges appointed by George H. W. Bush">G.H.W. Bush</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">resignation </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>36 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Williams, Karen J."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Karen_J._Williams" title="Karen J. Williams">Karen J. Williams</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">SC</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1951–2013 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1992–2009 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2007–2009 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2009–2013 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Bush, G.H.W."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_H._W._Bush" title="List of federal judges appointed by George H. W. Bush">G.H.W. Bush</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>37 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Michael, M. Blane"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/M._Blane_Michael" title="M. Blane Michael">M. Blane Michael</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">WV</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1943–2011 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1993–2011 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Clinton,"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Bill_Clinton" title="List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton"> Clinton</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">death </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>42 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Shedd, Dennis"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Shedd" title="Dennis Shedd">Dennis Shedd</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">SC</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1953–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2002–2018 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2018–2022 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Bush, G.W."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of federal judges appointed by George W. Bush">G.W. Bush</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">retirement </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>43 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Duncan, Allyson K."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Allyson_K._Duncan" title="Allyson K. Duncan">Allyson K. Duncan</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">NC</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1951–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2003–2019 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2019 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Bush, G.W."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of federal judges appointed by George W. Bush">G.W. Bush</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">retirement </td></tr> <tr style="background:{{{rowcolor}}};"> <td>45 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Davis, Andre M."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Andre_M._Davis" title="Andre M. Davis">Andre M. Davis</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">MD</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1949–present </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2009–2014 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">— </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2014–2017 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Obama"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama"> Obama</a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">retirement </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chief_judges">Chief judges</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Chief judges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; clear: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Chief Judge </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_J._Parker" title="John J. Parker">Parker</a></td> <td>1948–1958 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Simon_E._Sobeloff" class="mw-redirect" title="Simon E. Sobeloff">Sobeloff</a></td> <td>1958–1964 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Clement_Haynsworth" title="Clement Haynsworth">Haynsworth</a></td> <td>1964–1981 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Lee_Winter" title="Harrison Lee Winter">Winter</a></td> <td>1981–1989 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Samuel_James_Ervin_III" title="Samuel James Ervin III">Ervin III</a></td> <td>1989–1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/J._Harvie_Wilkinson_III" title="J. Harvie Wilkinson III">Wilkinson III</a></td> <td>1996–2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Walter_Wilkins" title="William Walter Wilkins">Wilkins</a></td> <td>2003–2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Karen_J._Williams" title="Karen J. Williams">Williams</a></td> <td>2007–2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Byrd_Traxler_Jr." title="William Byrd Traxler Jr.">Traxler, Jr.</a></td> <td>2009–2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Roger_Gregory" title="Roger Gregory">Gregory</a></td> <td>2016–2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Albert_Diaz_(judge)" title="Albert Diaz (judge)">Diaz</a></b></td> <td>2023–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Chief judges have administrative responsibilities with respect to their circuits, and preside over any panel on which they serve, unless the circuit justice (the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> justice responsible for the circuit) is also on the panel. Unlike the Supreme Court, where one justice is specifically nominated to be chief, the office of chief judge rotates among the circuit judges. </p><p>To be chief, a judge must have been in active service on the court for at least one year, be under the age of 65, and have not previously served as chief judge. A vacancy is filled by the judge highest in seniority among the group of qualified judges, with seniority determined first by commission date, then by age. The chief judge serves for a term of seven years, or until age 70, whichever occurs first. If no judge qualifies to be chief, the youngest judge over the age of 65 who has served on the court for at least one year shall act as chief until another judge qualifies. If no judge has served on the court for more than a year, the most senior judge shall act as chief. Judges can forfeit or resign their chief judgeship or acting chief judgeship while retaining their active status as a circuit judge.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the office was created in 1948, the chief judge was the longest-serving judge who had not elected to retire, on what has since 1958 been known as <a href="/wiki/Senior_status" title="Senior status">senior status</a>, or declined to serve as chief judge. After August 6, 1959, judges could not become or remain chief after turning 70 years old. The current rules have been in operation since October 1, 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Succession_of_seats">Succession of seats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Succession of seats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The court has fifteen seats for active judges, numbered in the order in which they were initially filled. Judges who assume <a href="/wiki/Senior_status" title="Senior status">senior status</a> enter a kind of retirement in which they remain on the bench but vacate their seats, thus allowing the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. President</a> to appoint new judges to fill their seats. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <table class="wikitable" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 1 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on December 10, 1869 by the <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_Act_of_1869" title="Judiciary Act of 1869">Judiciary Act of 1869</a> as a <a href="/wiki/United_States_circuit_court" title="United States circuit court">circuit judgeship</a> for the Fourth Circuit </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Reassigned on June 16, 1891 to the United States Circuit Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit by the <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_Act_of_1891" title="Judiciary Act of 1891">Judiciary Act of 1891</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Lennox_Bond" title="Hugh Lennox Bond">Bond</a></td> <td>MD</td> <td>1891–1893 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_Henry_Simonton" title="Charles Henry Simonton">Simonton</a></td> <td>SC</td> <td>1893–1904 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jeter_Connelly_Pritchard" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeter Connelly Pritchard">Pritchard</a></td> <td>NC</td> <td>1904–1921 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Waddill_Jr." title="Edmund Waddill Jr.">Waddill, Jr.</a></td> <td>VA</td> <td>1921–1931 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Morris_Ames_Soper" title="Morris Ames Soper">Soper</a></td> <td>MD</td> <td>1932–1955 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Simon_Sobeloff" title="Simon Sobeloff">Sobeloff</a></td> <td>MD</td> <td>1956–1970 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Donald_S._Russell" title="Donald S. Russell">Russell</a></td> <td>SC</td> <td>1971–1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Byrd_Traxler_Jr." title="William Byrd Traxler Jr.">Traxler, Jr.</a></td> <td>SC</td> <td>1998–2018 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/A._Marvin_Quattlebaum_Jr." title="A. Marvin Quattlebaum Jr.">Quattlebaum, Jr.</a></b></td> <td>SC</td> <td>2018–present </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <table class="wikitable" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 2 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on June 16, 1891 by the <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_Act_of_1891" title="Judiciary Act of 1891">Judiciary Act of 1891</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Goff_Jr." title="Nathan Goff Jr.">Goff, Jr.</a></td> <td>WV</td> <td>1892–1913 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_Woods" title="Charles Albert Woods">Woods</a></td> <td>SC</td> <td>1913–1925 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_J._Parker" title="John J. Parker">Parker</a></td> <td>NC</td> <td>1925–1958 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Stephenson_Boreman" title="Herbert Stephenson Boreman">Boreman</a></td> <td>WV</td> <td>1959–1971 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_A._Field_Jr." title="John A. Field Jr.">Field, Jr.</a></td> <td>WV</td> <td>1971–1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Keller_Hall" title="Kenneth Keller Hall">Hall</a></td> <td>WV</td> <td>1976–1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_King" title="Robert Bruce King">King</a></b></td> <td>WV</td> <td>1998–present </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <table class="wikitable" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 3 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on September 14, 1922 by 42 Stat. 837 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Carter_Rose" title="John Carter Rose">Rose</a></td> <td>MD</td> <td>1922–1927 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Northcott" title="Elliott Northcott">Northcott</a></td> <td>WV</td> <td>1927–1939 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Armistead_Mason_Dobie" title="Armistead Mason Dobie">Dobie</a></td> <td>VA</td> <td>1940–1956 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Clement_Haynsworth" title="Clement Haynsworth">Haynsworth</a></td> <td>SC</td> <td>1957–1981 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Chapman" title="Robert F. Chapman">Chapman</a></td> <td>SC</td> <td>1981–1991 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Karen_J._Williams" title="Karen J. Williams">Williams</a></td> <td>SC</td> <td>1992–2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_F._Floyd" title="Henry F. Floyd">Floyd</a></td> <td>SC</td> <td>2011–2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/DeAndrea_G._Benjamin" title="DeAndrea G. Benjamin">Benjamin</a></b></td> <td>SC</td> <td>2023–present </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <table class="wikitable" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 4 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on May 19, 1961 by 75 Stat. 80 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Albert_Vickers_Bryan" title="Albert Vickers Bryan">Bryan</a></td> <td>VA</td> <td>1961–1972 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Emory_Widener_Jr." title="Hiram Emory Widener Jr.">Widener, Jr.</a></td> <td>VA</td> <td>1972–2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Milano_Keenan" title="Barbara Milano Keenan">Keenan</a></td> <td>VA</td> <td>2010–2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Toby_J._Heytens" title="Toby J. Heytens">Heytens</a></b></td> <td>VA</td> <td>2021–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <table class="wikitable" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 5 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on May 19, 1961 by 75 Stat. 80 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/J._Spencer_Bell" title="J. Spencer Bell">Bell</a></td> <td>NC</td> <td>1961–1967 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_D._Butzner_Jr." title="John D. Butzner Jr.">Butzner, Jr.</a></td> <td>VA</td> <td>1967–1982 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/J._Harvie_Wilkinson_III" title="J. Harvie Wilkinson III">Wilkinson III</a></b></td> <td>VA</td> <td>1984–present </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <table class="wikitable" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 6 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on March 18, 1966 by 80 Stat. 75 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Lee_Winter" title="Harrison Lee Winter">Winter</a></td> <td>MD</td> <td>1966–1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Paul_V._Niemeyer" title="Paul V. Niemeyer">Niemeyer</a></b></td> <td>MD</td> <td>1990–present </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> </td> <td class="col-break"> <table class="wikitable" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 7 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on March 18, 1966 by 80 Stat. 75 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Braxton_Craven_Jr." title="James Braxton Craven Jr.">Craven, Jr.</a></td> <td>NC</td> <td>1966–1977 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Dickson_Phillips_Jr." title="James Dickson Phillips Jr.">Phillips, Jr.</a></td> <td>NC</td> <td>1978–1994 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/James_Andrew_Wynn" title="James Andrew Wynn">Wynn</a></b></td> <td>NC</td> <td>2010–present </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <table class="wikitable" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 8 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on October 20, 1978 by 92 Stat. 1629 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Francis_Dominic_Murnaghan_Jr." title="Francis Dominic Murnaghan Jr.">Murnaghan, Jr.</a></td> <td>MD</td> <td>1979–2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Andre_M._Davis" title="Andre M. Davis">Davis</a></td> <td>MD</td> <td>2009–2014 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Pamela_Harris_(judge)" title="Pamela Harris (judge)">Harris</a></b></td> <td>MD</td> <td>2014–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <table class="wikitable" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 9 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on October 20, 1978 by 92 Stat. 1629 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Marshall_Sprouse" title="James Marshall Sprouse">Sprouse</a></td> <td>WV</td> <td>1979–1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/M._Blane_Michael" title="M. Blane Michael">Michael</a></td> <td>WV</td> <td>1993–2011 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Thacker" title="Stephanie Thacker">Thacker</a></b></td> <td>WV</td> <td>2012–present </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <table class="wikitable" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 10 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on October 20, 1978 by 92 Stat. 1629 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Samuel_James_Ervin_III" title="Samuel James Ervin III">Ervin III</a></td> <td>NC</td> <td>1980–1999 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Allyson_K._Duncan" title="Allyson K. Duncan">Duncan</a></td> <td>NC</td> <td>2003–2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Allison_Jones_Rushing" title="Allison Jones Rushing">Rushing</a></b></td> <td>NC</td> <td>2019–present </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <table class="wikitable" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 11 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on July 10, 1984 by 98 Stat. 333 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Emory_M._Sneeden" title="Emory M. Sneeden">Sneeden</a></td> <td>NC</td> <td>1984–1986 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Walter_Wilkins" title="William Walter Wilkins">Wilkins</a></td> <td>SC</td> <td>1986–2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Albert_Diaz_(judge)" title="Albert Diaz (judge)">Diaz</a></b></td> <td>NC</td> <td>2010–present </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <table class="wikitable" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 12 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on December 1, 1990 by 104 Stat. 5089 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Clyde_H._Hamilton" title="Clyde H. Hamilton">Hamilton</a></td> <td>SC</td> <td>1991–1999 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Shedd" title="Dennis Shedd">Shedd</a></td> <td>SC</td> <td>2002–2018 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Julius_N._Richardson" title="Julius N. Richardson">Richardson</a></b></td> <td>SC</td> <td>2018–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <table class="wikitable" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 13 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on December 1, 1990 by 104 Stat. 5089 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Luttig" title="J. Michael Luttig">Luttig</a></td> <td>VA</td> <td>1991–2006 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/G._Steven_Agee" title="G. Steven Agee">Agee</a></b></td> <td>VA</td> <td>2008–present </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <table class="wikitable" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 14 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on December 1, 1990 by 104 Stat. 5089 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Diana_Gribbon_Motz" title="Diana Gribbon Motz">Motz</a></td> <td>MD</td> <td>1994–2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Berner" title="Nicole Berner">Berner</a></b></td> <td>MD</td> <td>2024–present </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <table class="wikitable" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#ffdead;" width="200">Seat 15 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#ffdead;">Established on December 1, 1990 by 104 Stat. 5089 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Roger_Gregory" title="Roger Gregory">Gregory</a></b></td> <td>VA</td> <td>2000–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Practice_in_the_4th_Circuit">Practice in the 4th Circuit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Practice in the 4th Circuit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 2000 to 2008, the Court had the highest rate of <a href="/wiki/Non-publication_of_legal_opinions_in_the_United_States" title="Non-publication of legal opinions in the United States">non-publication</a> (92%) on the Federal Circuit.<sup id="cite_ref-Aaron_S._Bayer_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aaron_S._Bayer-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a> is always assigned to the Fourth Circuit as the circuit justice, due to Richmond's close proximity to Washington, D.C.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Fourth Circuit is considered an extremely collegial court. By tradition, the judges of the Fourth Circuit come down from the bench following each <a href="/wiki/Oral_argument" title="Oral argument">oral argument</a> to greet the lawyers.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Case_law">Case law</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Case law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Snider" title="United States v. Snider">United States v. Snider</a></i>, 502 F.2d 645 (1972)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_appointment_history_for_United_States_federal_courts#Fourth_Circuit" title="Judicial appointment history for United States federal courts">Judicial appointment history for the Fourth Circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_circuit_judges" title="List of current United States circuit judges">List of current United States circuit judges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Fourth_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex marriage in the Fourth Circuit">Same-sex marriage in the Fourth Circuit</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Recess_appointment" title="Recess appointment">Recess appointment</a> by Bill Clinton on December 27, 2000, re-nominated by George W. Bush on May 9, 2001 and confirmed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> on July 20, 2001.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ca4.uscourts.gov">"U. S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit"</a>. <i>Official website of the Federal Judicial Center</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+website+of+the+Federal+Judicial+Center&rft.atitle=U.+S.+Court+of+Appeals+for+the+Fourth+Circuit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ca4.uscourts.gov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Court+of+Appeals+for+the+Fourth+Circuit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dutystation-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dutystation_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ca4.uscourts.gov/judges">"Fourth Circuit Judges"</a>. <i>Official website of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 19,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+website+of+the+United+States+Court+of+Appeals+for+the+Fourth+Circuit&rft.atitle=Fourth+Circuit+Judges&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ca4.uscourts.gov%2Fjudges&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Court+of+Appeals+for+the+Fourth+Circuit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uscourts.gov/judges-judgeships/judicial-vacancies/future-judicial-vacancies">"Future Judicial Vacancies | United States Courts"</a>. <i>www.uscourts.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.uscourts.gov&rft.atitle=Future+Judicial+Vacancies+%26%23124%3B+United+States+Courts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uscourts.gov%2Fjudges-judgeships%2Fjudicial-vacancies%2Ffuture-judicial-vacancies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Court+of+Appeals+for+the+Fourth+Circuit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bond was appointed as a <a href="/wiki/United_States_circuit_court" title="United States circuit court">circuit judge</a> for the Fourth Circuit in 1870 by <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_Act_of_1891" title="Judiciary Act of 1891">Judiciary Act of 1891</a> reassigned his seat to what is now the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Knapp did not have a permanent seat on this court. Instead, he was appointed to the ill-fated <a href="/wiki/United_States_Commerce_Court" title="United States Commerce Court">United States Commerce Court</a> in 1910 by <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a>. Aside from their duties on the Commerce Court, the judges of the Commerce Court also acted as at-large appellate judges, able to be assigned by the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice of the United States</a> to whichever circuit most needed help. Knapp was assigned to the Second Circuit upon his commission and then to the Fourth Circuit in 1916.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-recess-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-recess_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-recess_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Recess appointment, confirmed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> at a later date.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Title_28_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 28 of the United States Code">28 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/28/45">§ 45</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">62 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">Stat.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislink.org/us/stat-62-871">871</a>, 72 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">Stat.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislink.org/us/stat-72-497">497</a>, 96 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">Stat.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislink.org/us/stat-96-51">51</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aaron_S._Bayer-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Aaron_S._Bayer_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAaron_S._Bayer2009" class="citation cs2">Aaron S. Bayer (August 24, 2009), <i>Unpublished Appellate Opinions Are Still Commonplace</i>, The National Law Journal</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unpublished+Appellate+Opinions+Are+Still+Commonplace&rft.pub=The+National+Law+Journal&rft.date=2009-08-24&rft.au=Aaron+S.+Bayer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Court+of+Appeals+for+the+Fourth+Circuit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2006" class="citation journal cs1">Roberts, John G. (2006). "What Makes the D.C. Circuit Different?: A Historical View". <i>Virginia Law Review</i>. <b>92</b> (3): 375–389. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0042-6601">0042-6601</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4144947">4144947</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virginia+Law+Review&rft.atitle=What+Makes+the+D.C.+Circuit+Different%3F%3A+A+Historical+View&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=375-389&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4144947%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0042-6601&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=John+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Court+of+Appeals+for+the+Fourth+Circuit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSontag2003" class="citation news cs1">Sontag, Deborah (2003-03-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/09/magazine/the-power-of-the-fourth.html">"The Power of the Fourth"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Power+of+the+Fourth&rft.date=2003-03-09&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Sontag&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2003%2F03%2F09%2Fmagazine%2Fthe-power-of-the-fourth.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Court+of+Appeals+for+the+Fourth+Circuit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ca4.uscourts.gov/">United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=4th&navby=year&year=recent">Recent opinions from Findlaw</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Judges_of_the_United_States_courts_of_appeals" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_courts_of_appeals_judges" title="Template:United States courts of appeals judges"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_courts_of_appeals_judges" title="Template talk:United States courts of appeals judges"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_courts_of_appeals_judges" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States courts of appeals judges"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Judges_of_the_United_States_courts_of_appeals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Judges of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals" title="United States courts of appeals">United States courts of appeals</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_circuit_judges" title="List of current United States circuit judges">Full list</a> · Names in <b>bold</b> represent current <a href="/wiki/Chief_judge_(United_States)" title="Chief judge (United States)">chief judges</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_First_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit">1st Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/David_J._Barron" title="David J. Barron">Barron</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Gelp%C3%AD" title="Gustavo Gelpí">Gelpí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lara_Montecalvo" title="Lara Montecalvo">Montecalvo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Rikelman" title="Julie Rikelman">Rikelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Aframe" title="Seth Aframe">Aframe</a></li> <li><i>1 seat vacant</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Levin_H._Campbell" title="Levin H. Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_M._Selya" title="Bruce M. Selya">Selya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Lynch" title="Sandra Lynch">Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kermit_Lipez" title="Kermit Lipez">Lipez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_R._Howard" title="Jeffrey R. Howard">Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O._Rogeriee_Thompson" title="O. Rogeriee Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Kayatta_Jr." title="William J. Kayatta Jr.">Kayatta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Second_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit">2nd Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Debra_Ann_Livingston" title="Debra Ann Livingston">Livingston</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Lohier" title="Raymond Lohier">Lohier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Sullivan" title="Richard J. Sullivan">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_F._Bianco" title="Joseph F. Bianco">Bianco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_H._Park" title="Michael H. Park">Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Nardini" title="William J. Nardini">Nardini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Menashi" title="Steven Menashi">Menashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunice_C._Lee" title="Eunice C. Lee">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Robinson" title="Beth Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrna_P%C3%A9rez" title="Myrna Pérez">Pérez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alison_Nathan" title="Alison Nathan">Nathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_A._L._Merriam" title="Sarah A. L. Merriam">Merriam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Ara%C3%BAjo_Kahn" title="Maria Araújo Kahn">Kahn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jon_O._Newman" title="Jon O. Newman">Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalya_Lyle_Kearse" class="mw-redirect" title="Amalya Lyle Kearse">Kearse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Walker_Jr." title="John M. Walker Jr.">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Jacobs" title="Dennis Jacobs">Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_N._Leval" title="Pierre N. Leval">Leval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Calabresi" title="Guido Calabresi">Calabresi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_A._Cabranes" title="José A. Cabranes">Cabranes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_D._Sack" title="Robert D. Sack">Sack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrington_D._Parker_Jr." title="Barrington D. Parker Jr.">Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reena_Raggi" title="Reena Raggi">Raggi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_C._Wesley" title="Richard C. Wesley">Wesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_E._Lynch" title="Gerard E. Lynch">Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denny_Chin" title="Denny Chin">Chin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_L._Carney" title="Susan L. Carney">Carney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Third_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit">3rd Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Michael_Chagares" title="Michael Chagares">Chagares</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_A._Jordan" title="Kent A. Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hardiman" title="Thomas Hardiman">Hardiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty_Shwartz" title="Patty Shwartz">Shwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Ann_Krause" title="Cheryl Ann Krause">Krause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Felipe_Restrepo" title="L. Felipe Restrepo">Restrepo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanos_Bibas" title="Stephanos Bibas">Bibas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_J._Porter_(judge)" title="David J. Porter (judge)">Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Matey" title="Paul Matey">Matey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Phipps" title="Peter J. Phipps">Phipps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arianna_J._Freeman" title="Arianna J. Freeman">Freeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamika_Montgomery-Reeves" title="Tamika Montgomery-Reeves">Montgomery-Reeves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cindy_K._Chung" title="Cindy K. Chung">Chung</a></li> <li><i>1 seat vacant</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_King_Stapleton" title="Walter King Stapleton">Stapleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Joseph_Scirica" title="Anthony Joseph Scirica">Scirica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Cowen" title="Robert Cowen">Cowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lowell_Nygaard" title="Richard Lowell Nygaard">Nygaard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Richards_Roth" title="Jane Richards Roth">Roth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_McKee" title="Theodore McKee">McKee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Rendell" title="Marjorie Rendell">Rendell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_L._Ambro" title="Thomas L. Ambro">Ambro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julio_M._Fuentes" title="Julio M. Fuentes">Fuentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._Brooks_Smith" title="D. Brooks Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._Michael_Fisher" title="D. Michael Fisher">Fisher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">4th Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Albert_Diaz_(judge)" title="Albert Diaz (judge)">Diaz</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Harvie_Wilkinson_III" title="J. Harvie Wilkinson III">Wilkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_V._Niemeyer" title="Paul V. Niemeyer">Niemeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_King" title="Robert Bruce King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Gregory" title="Roger Gregory">Gregory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Steven_Agee" title="G. Steven Agee">Agee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Andrew_Wynn" title="James Andrew Wynn">Wynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Thacker" title="Stephanie Thacker">Thacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamela_Harris_(judge)" title="Pamela Harris (judge)">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_N._Richardson" title="Julius N. Richardson">Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Marvin_Quattlebaum_Jr." title="A. Marvin Quattlebaum Jr.">Quattlebaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_Jones_Rushing" title="Allison Jones Rushing">Rushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toby_J._Heytens" title="Toby J. Heytens">Heytens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeAndrea_G._Benjamin" title="DeAndrea G. Benjamin">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Berner" title="Nicole Berner">Berner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Gribbon_Motz" title="Diana Gribbon Motz">Motz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Byrd_Traxler_Jr." title="William Byrd Traxler Jr.">Traxler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Milano_Keenan" title="Barbara Milano Keenan">Keenan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_F._Floyd" title="Henry F. Floyd">Floyd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fifth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit">5th Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Walker_Elrod" title="Jennifer Walker Elrod">Elrod</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Jones" title="Edith Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Edwin_Smith" title="Jerry Edwin Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_E._Stewart" title="Carl E. Stewart">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_Richman" title="Priscilla Richman">Richman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_H._Southwick" title="Leslie H. Southwick">Southwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catharina_Haynes" title="Catharina Haynes">Haynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._Graves_Jr." title="James E. Graves Jr.">Graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Higginson" title="Stephen A. Higginson">Higginson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Willett" title="Don Willett">Willett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._Ho" title="James C. Ho">Ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Duncan_(judge)" title="Kyle Duncan (judge)">Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_D._Engelhardt" title="Kurt D. Engelhardt">Engelhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Oldham" title="Andrew Oldham">Oldham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cory_T._Wilson" title="Cory T. Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dana_Douglas" title="Dana Douglas">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irma_Carrillo_Ramirez" title="Irma Carrillo Ramirez">Ramirez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Dineen_King" title="Carolyn Dineen King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Grady_Jolly" title="E. Grady Jolly">Jolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Higginbotham" title="Patrick Higginbotham">Higginbotham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Eugene_Davis" title="W. Eugene Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Duh%C3%A9_Jr." title="John M. Duhé Jr.">Duhé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_L._Wiener_Jr." title="Jacques L. Wiener Jr.">Wiener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhesa_Barksdale" title="Rhesa Barksdale">Barksdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Dennis" title="James L. Dennis">Dennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Brown_Clement" title="Edith Brown Clement">Clement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Sixth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit">6th Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Sutton" title="Jeffrey Sutton">Sutton</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Nelson_Moore" title="Karen Nelson Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_L._Clay" title="Eric L. Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Allen_Griffin" title="Richard Allen Griffin">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Kethledge" title="Raymond Kethledge">Kethledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Branstetter_Stranch" title="Jane Branstetter Stranch">Stranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amul_Thapar" title="Amul Thapar">Thapar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_K._Bush" title="John K. Bush">Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Larsen" title="Joan Larsen">Larsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nalbandian" title="John Nalbandian">Nalbandian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad_Readler" title="Chad Readler">Readler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_E._Murphy" title="Eric E. Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_D._Davis" title="Stephanie D. Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andre_Mathis" title="Andre Mathis">Mathis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Bloomekatz" title="Rachel Bloomekatz">Bloomekatz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_G._Ritz" title="Kevin G. Ritz">Ritz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_B._Guy_Jr." title="Ralph B. Guy Jr.">Guy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Ryan" title="James L. Ryan">Ryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Julian_Boggs" title="Danny Julian Boggs">Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Eugene_Norris" title="Alan Eugene Norris">Norris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Fred_Suhrheinrich" title="Richard Fred Suhrheinrich">Suhrheinrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Edward_Siler_Jr." title="Eugene Edward Siler Jr.">Siler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_M._Batchelder" title="Alice M. Batchelder">Batchelder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Craig_Daughtrey" title="Martha Craig Daughtrey">Daughtrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Guy_Cole_Jr." title="R. Guy Cole Jr.">Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Lee_Gilman" title="Ronald Lee Gilman">Gilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Smith_Gibbons" title="Julia Smith Gibbons">Gibbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Rogers" title="John M. Rogers">Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_L._Cook" title="Deborah L. Cook">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_McKeague" title="David McKeague">McKeague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helene_White" title="Helene White">White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Seventh_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit">7th Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Diane_S._Sykes" title="Diane S. Sykes">Sykes</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Easterbrook" title="Frank Easterbrook">Easterbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_B._Brennan" title="Michael B. Brennan">Brennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Y._Scudder" title="Michael Y. Scudder">Scudder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_St._Eve" title="Amy St. Eve">St. Eve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kirsch" title="Thomas Kirsch">Kirsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candace_Jackson-Akiwumi" title="Candace Jackson-Akiwumi">Jackson-Akiwumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Z._Lee" title="John Z. Lee">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_Pryor" title="Doris Pryor">Pryor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_P._Kolar" title="Joshua P. Kolar">Kolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_L._Maldonado" title="Nancy L. Maldonado">Maldonado</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Bauer" title="William J. Bauer">Bauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Flaum" title="Joel Flaum">Flaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Francis_Ripple" title="Kenneth Francis Ripple">Ripple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilana_Rovner" title="Ilana Rovner">Rovner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hamilton_(judge)" title="David Hamilton (judge)">Hamilton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eighth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit">8th Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Steven_Colloton" title="Steven Colloton">Colloton</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Loken" title="James B. Loken">Loken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavenski_Smith" title="Lavenski Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Gruender" title="Raymond Gruender">Gruender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duane_Benton" title="Duane Benton">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Shepherd" title="Bobby Shepherd">Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_L._Kelly" title="Jane L. Kelly">Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_R._Erickson" title="Ralph R. Erickson">Erickson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Steven_Grasz" title="L. Steven Grasz">Grasz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Stras" title="David Stras">Stras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_A._Kobes" title="Jonathan A. Kobes">Kobes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pasco_Bowman_II" title="Pasco Bowman II">Bowman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Leland_Wollman" title="Roger Leland Wollman">Wollman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Arlen_Beam" title="C. Arlen Beam">Beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_R._Hansen" title="David R. Hansen">Hansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_S._Arnold" title="Morris S. Arnold">Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Melloy" title="Michael Joseph Melloy">Melloy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit">9th Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Mary_H._Murguia" title="Mary H. Murguia">Murguia</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_McLane_Wardlaw" title="Kim McLane Wardlaw">Wardlaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_M._Gould" title="Ronald M. Gould">Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnnie_B._Rawlinson" title="Johnnie B. Rawlinson">Rawlinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consuelo_Callahan" title="Consuelo Callahan">Callahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan_Smith" title="Milan Smith">M. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Segal_Ikuta" title="Sandra Segal Ikuta">Ikuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Christen" title="Morgan Christen">Christen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Nguyen" title="Jacqueline Nguyen">Nguyen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Owens" title="John B. Owens">Owens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Friedland" title="Michelle Friedland">Friedland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_J._Bennett" title="Mark J. Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_D._Nelson" title="Ryan D. Nelson">R. Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_D._Miller" title="Eric D. Miller">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridget_S._Bade" title="Bridget S. Bade">Bade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_P._Collins" title="Daniel P. Collins">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_K._Lee" title="Kenneth K. Lee">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bress" title="Daniel Bress">Bress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danielle_J._Forrest" title="Danielle J. Forrest">Forrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_J._Bumatay" title="Patrick J. Bumatay">Bumatay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_VanDyke" title="Lawrence VanDyke">VanDyke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Koh" title="Lucy Koh">Koh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Sung" title="Jennifer Sung">Sung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_P._Sanchez" title="Gabriel P. Sanchez">Sanchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holly_A._Thomas" title="Holly A. Thomas">H. Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Mendoza_Jr." title="Salvador Mendoza Jr.">Mendoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roopali_Desai" title="Roopali Desai">Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Johnstone" title="Anthony Johnstone">Johnstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ana_de_Alba" title="Ana de Alba">de Alba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._Clifford_Wallace" title="J. Clifford Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_M._Schroeder" title="Mary M. Schroeder">Schroeder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Wright_Nelson" title="Dorothy Wright Nelson">D. Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Canby" title="William Canby">Canby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diarmuid_O%27Scannlain" title="Diarmuid O'Scannlain">O'Scannlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_S._Trott" title="Stephen S. Trott">Trott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Fernandez" title="Ferdinand Fernandez">Fernandez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Kleinfeld" title="Andrew Kleinfeld">Kleinfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Daly_Hawkins" title="Michael Daly Hawkins">Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Wallace_Tashima" title="A. Wallace Tashima">Tashima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_R._Thomas" title="Sidney R. Thomas">S. Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_G._Silverman" title="Barry G. Silverman">Silverman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_P._Graber" title="Susan P. Graber">Graber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Margaret_McKeown" title="M. Margaret McKeown">McKeown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Fletcher" title="William A. Fletcher">Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Paez" title="Richard Paez">Paez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsha_Berzon" title="Marsha Berzon">Berzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_C._Tallman" title="Richard C. Tallman">Tallman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Clifton" title="Richard Clifton">Clifton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Bybee" title="Jay Bybee">Bybee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Bea" title="Carlos Bea">Bea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._Randy_Smith" title="N. Randy Smith">N. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_D._Hurwitz" title="Andrew D. Hurwitz">Hurwitz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Tenth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit">10th Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Holmes" title="Jerome Holmes">Holmes</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harris_Hartz" title="Harris Hartz">Hartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Tymkovich" title="Timothy Tymkovich">Tymkovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Matheson_Jr." title="Scott Matheson Jr.">Matheson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Bacharach" title="Robert E. Bacharach">Bacharach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_A._Phillips" title="Gregory A. Phillips">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_B._McHugh" title="Carolyn B. McHugh">McHugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Moritz" title="Nancy Moritz">Moritz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_H._Eid" title="Allison H. Eid">Eid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_M._Carson_III" title="Joel M. Carson III">Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veronica_S._Rossman" title="Veronica S. Rossman">Rossman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Federico" title="Richard Federico">Federico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Kulp_Seymour" title="Stephanie Kulp Seymour">Seymour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carbone_Porfilio" title="John Carbone Porfilio">Porfilio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_H._Anderson" title="Stephen H. Anderson">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Baldock" title="Bobby Baldock">Baldock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wade_Brorby" title="Wade Brorby">Brorby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_M._Ebel" title="David M. Ebel">Ebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Joseph_Kelly_Jr." title="Paul Joseph Kelly Jr.">Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Beck_Briscoe" title="Mary Beck Briscoe">Briscoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_F._Lucero" title="Carlos F. Lucero">Lucero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_R._Murphy" title="Michael R. Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrence_L._O%27Brien" title="Terrence L. O'Brien">O'Brien</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eleventh_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit">11th Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/William_H._Pryor_Jr." title="William H. Pryor Jr.">W. Pryor</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Wilson_(judge)" title="Charles R. Wilson (judge)">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adalberto_Jordan" title="Adalberto Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_S._Rosenbaum" title="Robin S. Rosenbaum">Rosenbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_A._Pryor" title="Jill A. Pryor">J. Pryor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Newsom" title="Kevin Newsom">Newsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_L._Branch" title="Elizabeth L. Branch">Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britt_Grant" title="Britt Grant">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Luck" title="Robert J. Luck">Luck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Lagoa" title="Barbara Lagoa">Lagoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_L._Brasher" title="Andrew L. Brasher">Brasher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Abudu" title="Nancy Abudu">Abudu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embry_Kidd" title="Embry Kidd">Kidd</a> (Designate)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Bard_Tjoflat" title="Gerald Bard Tjoflat">Tjoflat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Lanier_Anderson_III" title="R. Lanier Anderson III">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Larry_Edmondson" title="James Larry Edmondson">Edmondson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Fredrick_Dubina" title="Joel Fredrick Dubina">Dubina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_H._Black" title="Susan H. Black">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Earl_Carnes" title="Edward Earl Carnes">E. Carnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_M._Hull" title="Frank M. Hull">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Marcus_(judge)" title="Stanley Marcus (judge)">Marcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_E._Carnes" title="Julie E. Carnes">J. Carnes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_District_of_Columbia_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit">D.C. Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Sri_Srinivasan" title="Sri Srinivasan">Srinivasan</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_L._Henderson" title="Karen L. Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Millett" title="Patricia Millett">Millett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelia_Pillard" title="Cornelia Pillard">Pillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Wilkins" title="Robert L. Wilkins">Wilkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_G._Katsas" title="Gregory G. Katsas">Katsas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neomi_Rao" title="Neomi Rao">Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_R._Walker" title="Justin R. Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Michelle_Childs" title="J. Michelle Childs">Childs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Y._Pan" title="Florence Y. Pan">Pan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Garcia" title="Brad Garcia">Garcia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_T._Edwards" title="Harry T. Edwards">Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_H._Ginsburg" title="Douglas H. Ginsburg">Ginsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_B._Sentelle" title="David B. Sentelle">Sentelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Raymond_Randolph" title="A. Raymond Randolph">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_W._Rogers" title="Judith W. Rogers">Rogers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Federal_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit">Federal Circuit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Kimberly_A._Moore" title="Kimberly A. Moore">Moore</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Newman" title="Pauline Newman">Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_David_Lourie" title="Alan David Lourie">Lourie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_B._Dyk" title="Timothy B. Dyk">Dyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Prost" title="Sharon Prost">Prost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmie_V._Reyna" title="Jimmie V. Reyna">Reyna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_G._Taranto" title="Richard G. Taranto">Taranto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_T._Chen" title="Raymond T. Chen">Chen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todd_M._Hughes" title="Todd M. Hughes">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara_Farnandez_Stoll" title="Kara Farnandez Stoll">Stoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiffany_P._Cunningham" title="Tiffany P. Cunningham">Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_P._Stark" title="Leonard P. Stark">Stark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haldane_Robert_Mayer" title="Haldane Robert Mayer">Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Jay_Plager" title="S. Jay Plager">Plager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_C._Clevenger" title="Raymond C. Clevenger">Clevenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Anthony_Schall" title="Alvin Anthony Schall">Schall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Curtis_Bryson" title="William Curtis Bryson">Bryson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Linn" title="Richard Linn">Linn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evan_Wallach" title="Evan Wallach">Wallach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Active_district_judges_of_the_Fourth_Circuit_Court_of_Appeals" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_4th_Circuit_district_judges" title="Template:United States 4th Circuit district judges"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_4th_Circuit_district_judges" title="Template talk:United States 4th Circuit district judges"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_4th_Circuit_district_judges" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States 4th Circuit district judges"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Active_district_judges_of_the_Fourth_Circuit_Court_of_Appeals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Active district judges of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Maryland" title="United States District Court for the District of Maryland">Maryland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/George_L._Russell_III" title="George L. Russell III">Russell</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_D._Chuang" title="Theodore D. Chuang">Chuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paula_Xinis" title="Paula Xinis">Xinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_A._Gallagher" title="Stephanie A. Gallagher">Gallagher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Boardman" title="Deborah Boardman">Boardman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Griggsby" title="Lydia Griggsby">Griggsby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Rubin" title="Julie Rubin">Rubin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_A._Hurson" title="Brendan A. Hurson">Hurson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_J._Maddox" title="Matthew J. Maddox">Maddox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_B._Abelson" title="Adam B. Abelson">Abelson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_North_Carolina" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina">E. North Carolina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Myers_II" title="Richard E. Myers II">Myers</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrence_Boyle" title="Terrence Boyle">Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._Dever_III" title="James C. Dever III">Dever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Flanagan" title="Louise Flanagan">Flanagan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Middle_District_of_North_Carolina" title="United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina">M. North Carolina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Eagles" title="Catherine Eagles">Eagles</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lindsay_Osteen_Jr." title="William Lindsay Osteen Jr.">Osteen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_D._Schroeder" title="Thomas D. Schroeder">Schroeder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Copeland_Biggs" title="Loretta Copeland Biggs">Biggs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_North_Carolina" title="United States District Court for the Western District of North Carolina">W. North Carolina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Martin_Karl_Reidinger" title="Martin Karl Reidinger">Reidinger</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_DeArmon_Whitney" title="Frank DeArmon Whitney">Whitney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_O._Cogburn_Jr." title="Max O. Cogburn Jr.">Cogburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_D._Bell" title="Kenneth D. Bell">Bell</a></li> <li><i>1 seat vacant</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_South_Carolina" title="United States District Court for the District of South Carolina">South Carolina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Timothy_M._Cain" title="Timothy M. Cain">Cain</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_C._Norton" title="David C. Norton">Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Gergel" title="Richard Gergel">Gergel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Geiger_Lewis" title="Mary Geiger Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Howe_Hendricks" title="Bruce Howe Hendricks">Hendricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_C._Coggins_Jr." title="Donald C. Coggins Jr.">Coggins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherri_Lydon" title="Sherri Lydon">Lydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dawson_III" title="Joseph Dawson III">Dawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacquelyn_D._Austin" title="Jacquelyn D. Austin">Austin</a></li> <li><i>1 seat vacant</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Virginia" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia">E. Virginia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Mark_Steven_Davis" title="Mark Steven Davis">Davis</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonie_Brinkema" title="Leonie Brinkema">Brinkema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arenda_Wright_Allen" title="Arenda Wright Allen">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Hannah_Lauck" title="M. Hannah Lauck">Lauck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossie_D._Alston_Jr." title="Rossie D. Alston Jr.">Alston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_J._Novak" title="David J. Novak">Novak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roderick_C._Young" title="Roderick C. Young">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Tolliver_Giles" title="Patricia Tolliver Giles">Giles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_S._Nachmanoff" title="Michael S. Nachmanoff">Nachmanoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Hanes" title="Elizabeth Hanes">Hanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamar_K._Walker" title="Jamar K. Walker">Walker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Virginia" title="United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia">W. Virginia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_K._Dillon" title="Elizabeth K. Dillon">Dillon</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_T._Cullen" title="Thomas T. Cullen">Cullen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Ballou" title="Robert S. Ballou">Ballou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasmine_H._Yoon" title="Jasmine H. Yoon">Yoon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_West_Virginia" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of West Virginia">N. West Virginia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Tom_Kleeh" title="Tom Kleeh">Kleeh</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Bailey" title="John P. Bailey">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gina_M._Groh" title="Gina M. Groh">Groh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_West_Virginia" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia">S. West Virginia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Frank_W._Volk" title="Frank W. Volk">Volk</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Robert_Goodwin" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Robert Goodwin">Goodwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Charles_Chambers" title="Robert Charles Chambers">Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Johnston" title="Thomas E. Johnston">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_Berger" title="Irene Berger">Berger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Senior_district_judges_of_the_Fourth_Circuit_Court_of_Appeals" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_4th_Circuit_senior_district_judges" title="Template:United States 4th Circuit senior district judges"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_4th_Circuit_senior_district_judges" title="Template talk:United States 4th Circuit senior district judges"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_4th_Circuit_senior_district_judges" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States 4th Circuit senior district judges"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Senior_district_judges_of_the_Fourth_Circuit_Court_of_Appeals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Senior district judges of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Maryland" title="United States District Court for the District of Maryland">Maryland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Nickerson" title="William M. Nickerson">Nickerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_K._Chasanow" title="Deborah K. Chasanow">Chasanow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Messitte" title="Peter J. Messitte">Messitte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_C._Blake" title="Catherine C. Blake">Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_D._Bennett" title="Richard D. Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Bredar" title="James K. Bredar">Bredar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Lipton_Hollander" title="Ellen Lipton Hollander">Hollander</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_North_Carolina" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina">E. North Carolina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Earl_Britt" title="William Earl Britt">Britt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Middle_District_of_North_Carolina" title="United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina">M. North Carolina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norwood_Carlton_Tilley_Jr." title="Norwood Carlton Tilley Jr.">Tilley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_North_Carolina" title="United States District Court for the Western District of North Carolina">W. North Carolina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lesley_Voorhees" title="Richard Lesley Voorhees">Voorhees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Calder_Mullen" title="Graham Calder Mullen">Mullen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Conrad" title="Robert J. Conrad">Conrad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_South_Carolina" title="United States District Court for the District of South Carolina">South Carolina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_F._Anderson" title="Joseph F. Anderson">J. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Michael_Herlong_Jr." title="Henry Michael Herlong Jr.">Herlong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameron_McGowan_Currie" title="Cameron McGowan Currie">Currie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_L._Wooten" title="Terry L. Wooten">Wooten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bryan_Harwell" title="Robert Bryan Harwell">Harwell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Virginia" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia">E. Virginia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Claude_M._Hilton" title="Claude M. Hilton">Hilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._S._Ellis_III" title="T. S. Ellis III">Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Beach_Smith" title="Rebecca Beach Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Payne" title="Robert E. Payne">Payne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Alvin_Jackson" title="Raymond Alvin Jackson">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_E._Hudson" title="Henry E. Hudson">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Trenga" title="Anthony Trenga">Trenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Gibney_Jr." title="John A. Gibney Jr.">Gibney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Virginia" title="United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia">W. Virginia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Parker_Jones" title="James Parker Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_K._Moon" title="Norman K. Moon">Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_F._Urbanski" title="Michael F. Urbanski">Urbanski</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_West_Virginia" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of West Virginia">N. West Virginia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Pfarr_Stamp_Jr." title="Frederick Pfarr Stamp Jr.">Stamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_Patricia_Murphy_Keeley" title="Irene Patricia Murphy Keeley">Keeley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_West_Virginia" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia">S. West Virginia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Thomas_Copenhaver_Jr." title="John Thomas Copenhaver Jr.">Copenhaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_A._Faber" title="David A. Faber">Faber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_federal_courts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_federal_courts" title="Template:United States federal courts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_federal_courts" title="Template talk:United States federal courts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_federal_courts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States federal courts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_federal_courts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Federal_judiciary_of_the_United_States" title="Federal judiciary of the United States">United States federal courts</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals" title="United States courts of appeals">United States courts of appeals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_district_and_territorial_courts" title="List of United States district and territorial courts">List of United States district and territorial courts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Court_of_Appeals_and_District_Court_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/US_Court_of_Appeals_and_District_Court_map.svg/500px-US_Court_of_Appeals_and_District_Court_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/US_Court_of_Appeals_and_District_Court_map.svg/750px-US_Court_of_Appeals_and_District_Court_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/US_Court_of_Appeals_and_District_Court_map.svg/1000px-US_Court_of_Appeals_and_District_Court_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="402" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals" title="United States courts of appeals">Courts of appeals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_First_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Second_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Third_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit">3rd</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fifth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Sixth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Seventh_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eighth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Tenth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eleventh_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit">11th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_District_of_Columbia_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit">DC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Federal_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit">Federal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_district_court" title="United States district court">District courts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Alabama (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Middle_District_of_Alabama" title="United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama">M</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_Alabama" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama">N</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_Alabama" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of Alabama">S</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Alaska" title="United States District Court for the District of Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Arizona" title="United States District Court for the District of Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li>Arkansas (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Arkansas" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas">E</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Arkansas" title="United States District Court for the Western District of Arkansas">W</a>)</li> <li>California (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Central_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Central District of California">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of California">E</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of California">N</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of California">S</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Colorado" title="United States District Court for the District of Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Connecticut" title="United States District Court for the District of Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Delaware" title="United States District Court for the District of Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Columbia" title="United States District Court for the District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a></li> <li>Florida (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Middle_District_of_Florida" title="United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida">M</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_Florida" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida">N</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_Florida" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida">S</a>)</li> <li>Georgia (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Middle_District_of_Georgia" title="United States District Court for the Middle District of Georgia">M</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_Georgia" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia">N</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_Georgia" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of Georgia">S</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Hawaii" title="United States District Court for the District of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Idaho" title="United States District Court for the District of Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li>Illinois (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Central_District_of_Illinois" title="United States District Court for the Central District of Illinois">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_Illinois" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois">N</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_Illinois" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of Illinois">S</a>)</li> <li>Indiana (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_Indiana" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of Indiana">N</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_Indiana" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana">S</a>)</li> <li>Iowa (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_Iowa" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of Iowa">N</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_Iowa" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of Iowa">S</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Kansas" title="United States District Court for the District of Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li>Kentucky (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Kentucky" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky">E</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Kentucky" title="United States District Court for the Western District of Kentucky">W</a>)</li> <li>Louisiana (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Louisiana" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana">E</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Middle_District_of_Louisiana" title="United States District Court for the Middle District of Louisiana">M</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Louisiana" title="United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana">W</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Maine" title="United States District Court for the District of Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Maryland" title="United States District Court for the District of Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Massachusetts" title="United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li>Michigan (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Michigan" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan">E</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Michigan" title="United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan">W</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Minnesota" title="United States District Court for the District of Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li>Mississippi (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_Mississippi" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of Mississippi">N</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_Mississippi" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi">S</a>)</li> <li>Missouri (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Missouri" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri">E</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Missouri" title="United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri">W</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Montana" title="United States District Court for the District of Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Nebraska" title="United States District Court for the District of Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Nevada" title="United States District Court for the District of Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_New_Hampshire" title="United States District Court for the District of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_New_Jersey" title="United States District Court for the District of New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_New_Mexico" title="United States District Court for the District of New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li>New York (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_New_York" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York">E</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_New_York" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of New York">N</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_New_York" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of New York">S</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_New_York" title="United States District Court for the Western District of New York">W</a>)</li> <li>North Carolina (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_North_Carolina" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina">E</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Middle_District_of_North_Carolina" title="United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina">M</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_North_Carolina" title="United States District Court for the Western District of North Carolina">W</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_North_Dakota" title="United States District Court for the District of North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li>Ohio (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_Ohio" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio">N</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_Ohio" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio">S</a>)</li> <li>Oklahoma (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Oklahoma" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma">E</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_Oklahoma" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of Oklahoma">N</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Oklahoma" title="United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma">W</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Oregon" title="United States District Court for the District of Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li>Pennsylvania (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Pennsylvania" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania">E</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Middle_District_of_Pennsylvania" title="United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania">M</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Pennsylvania" title="United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania">W</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Puerto_Rico" title="United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Rhode_Island" title="United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_South_Carolina" title="United States District Court for the District of South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_South_Dakota" title="United States District Court for the District of South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li>Tennessee (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Tennessee" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee">E</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Middle_District_of_Tennessee" title="United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee">M</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Tennessee" title="United States District Court for the Western District of Tennessee">W</a>)</li> <li>Texas (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Texas" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas">E</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_Texas" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas">N</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_Texas" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas">S</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Texas" title="United States District Court for the Western District of Texas">W</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Utah" title="United States District Court for the District of Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Vermont" title="United States District Court for the District of Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li>Virginia (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Virginia" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia">E</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Virginia" title="United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia">W</a>)</li> <li>Washington (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Washington" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Washington">E</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Washington" title="United States District Court for the Western District of Washington">W</a>)</li> <li>West Virginia (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_West_Virginia" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of West Virginia">N</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_West_Virginia" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia">S</a>)</li> <li>Wisconsin (<a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Wisconsin" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin">E</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Wisconsin" title="United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin">W</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Wyoming" title="United States District Court for the District of Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialty courts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_International_Trade" title="United States Court of International Trade">Court of International Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Judicial_Panel_on_Multidistrict_Litigation" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation"> Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Alien_Terrorist_Removal_Court" title="United States Alien Terrorist Removal Court">Alien Terrorist Removal Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Foreign_Intelligence_Surveillance_Court" title="United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court">Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Foreign_Intelligence_Surveillance_Court_of_Review" title="United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review">Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_territorial_court" title="United States territorial court">Territorial courts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/District_Court_of_Guam" title="District Court of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_Court_for_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="District Court for the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_Court_of_the_Virgin_Islands" title="District Court of the Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extinct courts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_United_States_district_courts" title="List of former United States district courts">Former United States district courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Orleans" title="United States District Court for the District of Orleans">District of Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Potomac" title="United States District Court for the District of Potomac">District of Potomac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Illinois" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Illinois">Eastern District of Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Canal_Zone" title="United States District Court for the Canal Zone">District of the Canal Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_for_China" title="United States Court for China">District of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_for_Berlin" title="United States Court for Berlin">District of Berlin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Note</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a> does not have a district court or federal territorial court; federal matters there go to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Columbia" title="United States District Court for the District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Hawaii" title="United States District Court for the District of Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, or <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_American_Samoa" title="High Court of American Samoa">its own Supreme Court</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q250463#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q250463#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q250463#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000406490389">ISNI</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80133110">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1293646">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit&params=37.53769_N_77.43481_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°32′16″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°26′05″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.53769°N 77.43481°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.53769; -77.43481</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit&oldid=1238194342">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit&oldid=1238194342</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit" title="Category:United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Organizations_based_in_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Category:Organizations based in Richmond, Virginia">Organizations based in Richmond, Virginia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Baltimore" title="Category:Baltimore">Baltimore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Charleston,_West_Virginia" title="Category:Charleston, West Virginia">Charleston, West Virginia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Category:Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria, Virginia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Government_of_Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Category:Government of Raleigh, North Carolina">Government of Raleigh, North Carolina</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Government_of_Richmond,_Virginia" title="Category:Government of Richmond, Virginia">Government of Richmond, Virginia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1891_establishments_in_the_United_States" title="Category:1891 establishments in the United States">1891 establishments in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Courts_and_tribunals_established_in_1891" title="Category:Courts and tribunals established in 1891">Courts and tribunals established in 1891</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_March_2024" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2024">Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2019" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2019">Articles with unsourced statements from September 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 2 August 2024, at 16:21<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-khxd6","wgBackendResponseTime":154,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.059","walltime":"1.325","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7763,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":280460,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":29127,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":68690,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 975.397 1 -total"," 18.35% 179.015 2 Template:Reflist"," 17.85% 174.068 17 Template:Navbox"," 13.71% 133.769 1 Template:United_States_courts_of_appeals_judges"," 12.72% 124.089 38 Template:U.S._judgeship_row_Former"," 11.86% 115.716 3 Template:Cite_web"," 9.51% 92.785 1 Template:Short_description"," 9.08% 88.557 75 Template:Sortname"," 7.99% 77.908 1 Template:Infobox_U.S._federal_court"," 7.16% 69.880 1 Template:Infobox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.447","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6429754,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-m5gcf","timestamp":"20241122140647","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q250463","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q250463","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-01-12T09:47:36Z","dateModified":"2024-08-02T16:21:54Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a7\/Seal_of_the_United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fourth_Circuit.svg","headline":"current United States federal appellate court"}</script> </body> </html>