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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Blends</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blends-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manufacture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manufacture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Manufacture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manufacture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tea_grading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tea_grading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Tea grading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tea_grading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brewing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brewing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Brewing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brewing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Composition_and_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composition_and_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Composition and research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Composition_and_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Black tea</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 63 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">63 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B1" title="شاي أحمر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شاي أحمر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%99%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9" title="ৰঙা চাহ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰঙা চাহ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9_negro" title="Té negro – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Té negro" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qara_%C3%A7ay" title="Qara çay – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qara çay" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE" title="কালো চা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কালো চা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82ng-t%C3%AA" title="Âng-tê – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Âng-tê" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%81%D3%99%D0%B9" title="Ҡара сәй – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡара сәй" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Чорны чай – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чорны чай" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Черен чай – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Черен чай" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%87%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཇ་དམར། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཇ་དམར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Te_negre" title="Te negre – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Te negre" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cern%C3%BD_%C4%8Daj" title="Černý čaj – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Černý čaj" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzer_Tee" title="Schwarzer Tee – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schwarzer Tee" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9_negro" title="Té negro – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Té negro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigra_teo" title="Nigra teo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nigra teo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Te_beltz" title="Te beltz – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Te beltz" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87" title="چای سیاه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چای سیاه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9_noir" title="Thé noir – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Thé noir" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B3%E0%AB%80_%E0%AA%9A%E0%AA%BE" title="કાળી ચા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કાળી ચા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B9ng-chh%C3%A0" title="Fùng-chhà – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Fùng-chhà" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%8D%EC%B0%A8" title="홍차 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="홍차" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_tea" title="Black tea – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Black tea" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D6%87_%D5%A9%D5%A5%D5%B5" title="Սև թեյ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սև թեյ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="ब्लैक टी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ब्लैक टी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crni_%C4%8Daj" title="Crni čaj – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Crni čaj" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teh_hitam" title="Teh hitam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Teh hitam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8_nero" title="Tè nero – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tè nero" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8" title="תה שחור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תה שחור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8h_ireng" title="Tèh ireng – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tèh ireng" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%81_%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE" title="ಕಪ್ಪು ಚಹಾ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಪ್ಪು ಚಹಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B3" title="ຊາດຳ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຊາດຳ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juodoji_arbata" title="Juodoji arbata – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Juodoji arbata" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BD_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%98" title="Црн чај – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Црн чај" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88%CC%A4ng-d%C3%A0" title="È̤ng-dà – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="È̤ng-dà" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="အချိုခြောက် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အချိုခြောက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwarte_thee" title="Zwarte thee – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zwarte thee" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E8%8C%B6" title="紅茶 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="紅茶" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svart_te" title="Svart te – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Svart te" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svart_te" title="Svart te – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Svart te" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8_negre" title="Tè negre – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tè negre" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qora_choy" title="Qora choy – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qora choy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80" title="ਬਲੈਕ ਟੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਲੈਕ ਟੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbata_czarna" title="Herbata czarna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Herbata czarna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A1_preto" title="Chá preto – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Chá preto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceai_negru" title="Ceai negru – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ceai negru" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Чёрный чай – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чёрный чай" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87aji_i_zi" title="Çaji i zi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Çaji i zi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_tea" title="Black tea – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Black tea" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Crni_%C4%8Daj" title="Črni čaj – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Črni čaj" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%98" title="Црни чај – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Црни чај" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musta_tee" title="Musta tee – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Musta tee" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svart_te" title="Svart te – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Svart te" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%80" title="பிளாக் டீ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிளாக் டீ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%87" title="ชาแดง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาแดง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siyah_%C3%A7ay" title="Siyah çay – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Siyah çay" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Чорний чай – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чорний чай" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92" title="کالی چائے – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کالی چائے" data-language-autonym="اردو" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of tea</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Black_drink" class="mw-redirect" title="Black drink">Black drink</a> or <a href="/wiki/Dark_tea" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark tea">Dark tea</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Black Tea" redirects here. For the 2024 drama film, see <a href="/wiki/Black_Tea_(film)" title="Black Tea (film)">Black Tea (film)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title fn ingredient">Black tea</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Cup_of_black_tea.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Cup_of_black_tea.JPG/220px-Cup_of_black_tea.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Cup_of_black_tea.JPG/330px-Cup_of_black_tea.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Cup_of_black_tea.JPG/440px-Cup_of_black_tea.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3058" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A cup of black tea</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Tea" title="Tea">Tea</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Country of origin </span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a><sup id="cite_ref-Heiss_2007_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heiss_2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 4">: 4 </span></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region of origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Colour</th><td class="infobox-data">Red as brewed beverage</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Camellia_sinensis" title="Camellia sinensis">Tea leaves</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Related products</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tea" title="Tea">Tea</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Black tea</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">紅茶</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">红茶</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">Red tea</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">hóngchá</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄔㄚˊ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span>hung<sup>2</sup>-ch'a<sup>2</sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[xʊ̌ŋ.ʈʂʰǎ]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">hùhng-chàh</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">hung4-caa4</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[hʊŋ˩.tsʰa˩]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">âng-tê</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Black tea</b> (also literally translated as <b>red tea</b> from various <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asian</a> languages) is a type of <a href="/wiki/Tea" title="Tea">tea</a> that is more <a href="/wiki/Tea_processing" title="Tea processing">oxidized</a> than <a href="/wiki/Oolong" title="Oolong">oolong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yellow_tea" title="Yellow tea">yellow</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_tea" title="White tea">white</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Green_tea" title="Green tea">green</a> teas. Black tea is generally stronger in flavour than other teas. All five types are made from leaves of the <a href="/wiki/Shrub" title="Shrub">shrub</a> (or small tree) <i><a href="/wiki/Camellia_sinensis" title="Camellia sinensis">Camellia sinensis</a>,</i> though <i><a href="/wiki/Camellia_taliensis" title="Camellia taliensis">Camellia taliensis</a></i> is also rarely used.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two principal varieties of the species are used – the small-leaved Chinese variety plant (<i>C. sinensis</i> var. <i>sinensis</i>), used for most other types of teas, and the large-leaved Assamese plant (<i>C. sinensis</i> var. <i>assamica</i>), which was traditionally mainly used for black tea, although in recent years some green and white teas have been produced. </p><p>First originating in China, the beverage's name there is <i>hong cha</i> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">紅茶</span>, "red tea") due to the colour of the oxidized leaves when processed appropriately.<sup id="cite_ref-Heiss_2007_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heiss_2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 127">: 127 </span></sup> Today, the drink is widespread throughout <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, both in consumption and harvesting, including in China, Japan, Korea, and Singapore.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar variants are also available in <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asian</a> countries. </p><p>While green tea usually loses its flavour within a year, black tea retains its flavour for several years. For this reason, it has long been an article of trade, and <a href="/wiki/Tea_brick" class="mw-redirect" title="Tea brick">compressed bricks of black tea</a> even served as a form of <a href="/wiki/De_facto_currency" title="De facto currency"><i>de facto</i> currency</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a> well into the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Varieties_and_names">Varieties and names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tea&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Varieties and names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unblended black teas are often named after the region in which they are produced. Different regions are known for producing teas with characteristic flavours. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Region </th> <th>Tea </th> <th>Native name </th> <th>Origin </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Congou" title="Congou">Congou</a> (Fujian) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Tǎnyáng-gōngfu</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">坦洋工夫</span></span>) </td> <td>Tanyang Village, <a href="/wiki/Fu%27an" title="Fu'an">Fu'an</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian Province</a> </td> <td>The king of the Fujian Artisan Black Teas. One of the three Famous Fujian Reds. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Zhènghé-gōngfu</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">政和工夫</span></span>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhenghe_County" title="Zhenghe County">Zhenghe County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian Province</a> </td> <td>One of the three Famous Fujian Reds, with a slight honey flavour. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Báilín-gōngfu</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">白琳工夫</span></span>) </td> <td>Bailin Town, <a href="/wiki/Fuding" title="Fuding">Fuding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian Province</a> </td> <td>One of the three Famous Fujian Reds. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Lapsang_souchong" title="Lapsang souchong">Lapsang souchong</a> </td> <td><i>Zhèngshān-xiǎozhǒng</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">正山小中種</span></span>) </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Wuyi_Mountains" title="Wuyi Mountains">Wuyi Mountains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian Province</a> </td> <td>Dried over burning pine, thereby developing a strong smoky flavour </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Yínjùnméi</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">銀駿眉</span></span>) </td> <td>A higher grade version of <a href="/wiki/Lapsang_souchong" title="Lapsang souchong">Zhengshan xiaozhong</a> (aka. Lapsang Souchong) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Jīnjùnméi</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">金駿眉</span></span>) </td> <td>One of the highest grade black teas in mainland China. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Keemun" title="Keemun">Keemun</a> </td> <td><i>Qímén-hóngchá</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">祁門紅茶</span></span>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qimen_County" title="Qimen County">Qimen County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui Province</a> </td> <td>One of <a href="/wiki/China%27s_Famous_Teas" class="mw-redirect" title="China's Famous Teas">China's Famous Teas</a>. The aroma of tea is fruity, with hints of pine, dried plum and floweriness. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dianhong" title="Dianhong">Dianhong</a> (Yunnan) </td> <td><i>Yúnnán-hóngchá</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">雲南紅茶</span></span>) / <i>diānhóng</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">滇紅</span></span>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan Province</a> </td> <td>Well known for dark malty teas and golden bud teas. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yingdehong_tea" title="Yingdehong tea">Yingdehong</a> </td> <td><i>Yīngdé-hóngchá</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">英德紅茶</span></span>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yingde" title="Yingde">Yingde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong Province</a> </td> <td>The tea has a cocoa-like aroma and a sweet aftertaste, one can find a peppery note. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jiu Qu Hong Mei (Nine Winding Red Plum) </td> <td><i>Jiǔqǔ-hóngméi</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">九曲紅梅</span></span>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang Province</a> </td> <td>This tea is characterised by tight fishhook-like leaves with a lustrous black colour. The infusion is brightly reddish and has a long smooth aftertaste. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jin_Xuan_tea" title="Jin Xuan tea">Jinxuan</a> (Taicha No. 12) </td> <td>jīn xuān (金萱) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chiayi_County" title="Chiayi County">Chiayi County</a> </td> <td>Taicha No. 12 exudes a milk and nectar aroma. Its taste transitions from initial bitterness to a sweet glycol aroma. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rudy Black Tea (Taicha No. 18) </td> <td>Hong Yu HongCha (紅玉紅茶) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yuchi,_Nantou" title="Yuchi, Nantou">Yuchi</a>,<a href="/wiki/Nantou_County" title="Nantou County">Nantou County</a> </td> <td>The aroma of cinnamon and a hint of mint. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sun Moon Lake </td> <td><i>Rìyuè-tán-hóngchá</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">日月潭紅茶</span></span>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sun_Moon_Lake" title="Sun Moon Lake">Sun Moon Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nantou_City" title="Nantou City">Nantou City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nantou_County" title="Nantou County">Nantou County</a> </td> <td>Honey rich tones, sweet osmanthus, cinnamon and peppermint. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Assam_tea" title="Assam tea">Assam</a> </td> <td><span title="Assamese-language romanization"><i lang="as-Latn">Ôxôm cah</i></span> (<span title="Assamese-language text"><span lang="as">অসম চাহ</span></span>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam State</a> </td> <td>Full-bodied, strong, and distinctively malty tea from the lowlands of <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Darjeeling_tea" title="Darjeeling tea">Darjeeling</a> </td> <td><span title="Bengali-language romanization"><i lang="bn-Latn">Dārjiliṁ cā</i></span> (<span title="Bengali-language text"><span lang="bn">দার্জিলিং চা</span></span>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal State</a> </td> <td>Thin-bodied, floral, and fruity tea from <a href="/wiki/Darjeeling" title="Darjeeling">Darjeeling</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (August 2024)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> with defining <a href="/wiki/Muscatel" title="Muscatel">muscatel</a> tones. Today often processed as a mixture of black, green and oolong elements, though still classed as black. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kangra_tea" title="Kangra tea">Kangra</a> </td> <td><i><span title="Hindi-language romanization"><i lang="hi-Latn">Kāngada cāy</i></span></i> (<span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi">कांगड़ा चाय</span></span>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kangra_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kangra District">Kangra District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh State</a> </td> <td>It produces basil-cinnamon, <a href="/wiki/Java_plum" title="Java plum">java plum</a>-<a href="/wiki/Blueberry" title="Blueberry">blueberry</a> blends and Chinese hybrids that is varied with others as a pale liquor, it has a subtle pungency with a vegetal aroma. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Munnar </td> <td><span title="Malayalam-language romanization"><i lang="ml-Latn">Mūnnār cāya</i></span> (<span title="Malayalam-language text"><span lang="ml">മൂന്നാർ ചായ</span></span>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Munnar" title="Munnar">Munnar Town</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idukki_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Idukki District">Idukki District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala State</a> </td> <td>This variety produces a strong-bodied golden yellow liquor with refreshing briskness and a hint of fruit. It has a medium toned fragrance, that is akin to malted biscuits.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (August 2024)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_tea" title="Nilgiri tea">Nilgiri</a> </td> <td><span title="Tamil-language romanization"><i lang="ta-Latn">Nīlakiri tēnīr</i></span> (<span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">நீலகிரி தேநீர்</span></span>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nilgiris_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Nilgiris District">Nilgiris District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu State</a> </td> <td>Intensely aromatic, strong, and fragrant tea from the <a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Nilgiri Hills">Nilgiri Hills</a> of <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jaekseol-cha" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaekseol-cha">Jaekseol</a> (Bird's tongue) </td> <td><span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">jaekseol-cha</i></span> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">잭설차</span></span>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hadong_County" title="Hadong County">Hadong County</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Gyeongsang_Province" title="South Gyeongsang Province">South Gyeongsang Province</a> </td> <td>Jaekseol tea is golden, light scarlet in colour and has a sweet, clean taste.<sup id="cite_ref-Ark_of_Taste_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ark_of_Taste-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nepali_tea" title="Nepali tea">Nepali</a> </td> <td><i><span title="Nepali (macrolanguage)-language romanization"><i lang="ne-Latn">Nēpālī ciyā</i></span></i> (<span title="Nepali (macrolanguage)-language text"><span lang="ne">नेपाली चिया</span></span>) </td> <td> </td> <td>Similar to Darjeeling tea in its appearance, aroma, and fruity taste, with subtle variation </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ceylon_tea" title="Ceylon tea">Ceylon</a> </td> <td><span title="Sinhala-language romanization"><i lang="si-Latn">Silōn tē</i></span> (<span title="Sinhala-language text"><span lang="si">සිලෝන් තේ</span></span>) </td> <td> </td> <td>It is grown on numerous estates which vary in altitude and taste. High-grown tea is honey golden liquor and light and is considered to be among the best teas in terms of its distinct flavour, aroma, and strength. Low-grown teas are a burgundy brown liquor and stronger. Mid-grown teas are strong, rich, and full-bodied. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rize_tea" title="Rize tea">Rize</a> </td> <td><i>Rize çayı</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rize" title="Rize">Rize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rize_Province" title="Rize Province">Rize Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Sea Region">Black Sea Region</a> </td> <td>Characterised by its strong taste, it is mahogany in colour when brewed. Traditionally served with sugar crystals. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lahijan#Tea" title="Lahijan">Lahijan</a> </td> <td><i>Chaie</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lahijan" title="Lahijan">Lahijan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gilan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilan Province">Gilan Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a> (south) </td> <td>Characterised by its strong taste and nice aroma, it is dark red in colour when brewed for ten to fifteen minutes, as is usual. Traditionally served with sugar crystals. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Blends">Blends</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tea&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Blends"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tea_blending_and_additives" title="Tea blending and additives">Tea blending and additives</a></div> <p>Many finished black teas consist of blends of various varieties of black tea. In addition, black tea is often blended with various other plants or flavourings in order to obtain a beverage. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Blend </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Earl_Grey_tea" title="Earl Grey tea">Earl Grey tea</a> </td> <td>Black tea with <a href="/wiki/Bergamot_orange" title="Bergamot orange">bergamot</a> oil.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lady_Grey_tea" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady Grey tea">Lady Grey tea</a> </td> <td>Black tea with <a href="/wiki/Bergamot_orange" title="Bergamot orange">bergamot</a> oil, lemon peel, orange peel, and sometimes cornflower petals.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (August 2024)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Since Lady Grey is a registered trademark of the company Twinings, other brands have used similar names such as Madame Grey, Duchess Grey or Empress Grey. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/English_breakfast_tea" title="English breakfast tea">English breakfast tea</a> </td> <td>A blend usually of Assam, Ceylon, and Kenyan teas, with Keemun sometimes included in more expensive blends. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Irish_breakfast_tea" title="Irish breakfast tea">Irish breakfast tea</a> </td> <td>Blend of several black teas: most often Assam teas and, less often, other types of black tea. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Masala_chai" title="Masala chai">Masala chai</a> Indian (South Asian) spiced tea </td> <td>Combines black tea, spices native to the Indian sub-continent, milk, and a sweetener such as sugar or honey; a beverage from India, possibly consumed for many centuries in the ancient kingdoms of the region before the arrival of the Europeans. Though the possibility of a pre-colonial tea culture still remains disputed, one can argue without any doubt that the post-independence Masala chai has played a significant role in India's modern tea consumption culture, making it the largest tea consumer in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (August 2024)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <p>Masala chai has been widely recognised and adapted in the West by locals to their liking since its introduction by the British East India company, with changes in ingredients and the method of preparation to better suit western consumers. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manufacture">Manufacture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tea&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Manufacture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tea_processing" title="Tea processing">Tea processing</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Agriculture---Tea.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Agriculture---Tea.jpg/220px-Agriculture---Tea.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Agriculture---Tea.jpg/330px-Agriculture---Tea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Agriculture---Tea.jpg/440px-Agriculture---Tea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1050" /></a><figcaption>Tea plantation in <a href="/wiki/Java_(island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Java (island)">Java</a>, Indonesia</figcaption></figure> <ol><li>After the harvest, the leaves are first <i>withered</i> by blowing air on them.</li> <li>Then black teas are processed in either of two ways, <i>CTC</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Crush,_tear,_curl" title="Crush, tear, curl">crush, tear, curl</a></i>) or <i>orthodox.</i> The CTC method produces leaves of fannings or dust grades that are commonly used in <a href="/wiki/Tea_bag" title="Tea bag">tea bags</a> but also produces higher (broken leaf) grades such as BOP CTC and GFBOP CTC (see gradings below for more details). This method is efficient and effective for producing a better quality product from medium and lower quality leaves of consistently dark color. Orthodox processing is done either by machines or by hand. Hand processing is used for high quality teas. While the methods employed in orthodox processing differ by tea type, this style of processing results in the high quality loose tea sought by many connoisseurs. The tea leaves are allowed to completely oxidize.<sup id="cite_ref-Varnam_1994_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Varnam_1994-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <dl><dt>Orthodox</dt> <dd>The withered tea leaves are heavily rolled either by hand or mechanically through the use of a cylindrical rolling table or a rotovane. The rolling table consists of a ridged table-top moving in an eccentric manner to a large hopper of tea leaves, in which the leaves are pressed down onto the table-top. The process produces a mixture of whole and broken leaves and particles which are then sorted, oxidized and dried. The rotorvane (rotovane), created by Ian McTear in 1957 can be used to replicate the orthodox process.<sup id="cite_ref-Varnam_1994_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Varnam_1994-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rotovane consisted of an <a href="/wiki/Screw_conveyor" title="Screw conveyor">auger</a> pushing withered tea leaves through a vane cylinder which crushes and evenly cuts the leaves, however the process is more recently superseded by the boruah continuous roller, which consists of an oscillating conical roller around the inside of a ridged cylinder.<sup id="cite_ref-Varnam_1994_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Varnam_1994-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rotorvane can consistently duplicate broken orthodox processed black tea of even sized broken leaves, however it cannot produce whole leaf black tea.<sup id="cite_ref-Heiss_2007_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heiss_2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 90–93">: 90–93 </span></sup> The broken leaves and particles from the orthodox method can feed into the CTC method for further processing into fanning or dust grade teas.</dd> <dt>"Cut (or crush), tear, curl" (CTC)</dt> <dd>A production method developed by William McKercher in 1930. It is considered by some<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (June 2020)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> as a significantly improved method of producing black tea through the mincing of withered tea leaves.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of a rotovane to precut the withered tea is a common preprocessing method prior to feeding into the CTC.<sup id="cite_ref-Varnam_1994_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Varnam_1994-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CTC machines then further shred the leaves from the rotovane by passing them through several stages of contra-rotating rotors with surface patterns that cut and tear the leaves to very fine particles.<sup id="cite_ref-Varnam_1994_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Varnam_1994-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></li> <li>Next, the leaves are <i><a href="/wiki/Oxidation" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxidation">oxidized</a></i> under controlled <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temperature</a> and <a href="/wiki/Humidity" title="Humidity">humidity</a>. (This process is also called "fermentation", which is a misnomer since no actual <a href="/wiki/Fermentation_(biochemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermentation (biochemistry)">fermentation</a> takes place. <a href="/wiki/Polyphenol_oxidase" title="Polyphenol oxidase">Polyphenol oxidase</a> is the enzyme active in the process.) The level of oxidation determines the type (or "color") of the tea; with fully oxidised becoming black tea, low oxidised becoming green tea, and partially oxidised making up the various levels of oolong tea.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (August 2024)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This can be done on the floor in batches or on a conveyor bed with air flow for proper oxidation and temperature control. Since oxidation begins at the rolling stage itself, the time between these stages is also a crucial factor in the quality of the tea; however, fast processing of the tea leaves through continuous methods can effectively make this a separate step. The oxidation has an important effect on the taste of the end product, but the amount of oxidation is not an indication of quality. Tea producers match oxidation levels to the teas they produce to give the desired end characteristics.</li> <li>Then the leaves are <i>dried</i> to arrest the oxidation process.</li> <li>Finally, the leaves are <a href="/wiki/Orange_pekoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Orange pekoe"><i>sorted</i> into <i>grades</i></a> according to their sizes (whole leaf, brokens, fannings and dust), usually with the use of sieves. The tea could be further <i>sub-graded</i> according to other criteria.</li></ol> <p>The tea is then ready for packaging. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tea_grading">Tea grading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tea&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tea grading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tea_leaf_grading" title="Tea leaf grading">Tea leaf grading</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Food_grading" title="Food grading">Food grading</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_tea_grading.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Black_tea_grading.jpg/220px-Black_tea_grading.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Black_tea_grading.jpg/330px-Black_tea_grading.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Black_tea_grading.jpg/440px-Black_tea_grading.jpg 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="403" /></a><figcaption>Black tea grading</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TeaLeaves.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/TeaLeaves.JPG/220px-TeaLeaves.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/TeaLeaves.JPG/330px-TeaLeaves.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/TeaLeaves.JPG/440px-TeaLeaves.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Fresh tea leaves of different sizes</figcaption></figure> <p>Black tea is usually graded on one of four scales of quality. Whole-leaf teas are the highest quality, with the best whole-leaf teas graded as "<a href="/wiki/Tea_leaf_grading" title="Tea leaf grading">orange pekoe</a>". After the whole-leaf teas, the scale degrades to broken leaves, <a href="/wiki/Fannings" class="mw-redirect" title="Fannings">fannings</a>, then dusts. Whole-leaf teas are produced with little or no alteration to the tea leaf. This results in a finished product with a coarser texture than that of bagged teas. Whole-leaf teas are widely considered the most valuable, especially if they contain leaf tips. Broken leaves are commonly sold as medium-grade loose teas. </p><p>Smaller broken varieties may be included in tea bags. Fannings are usually small particles of tea left over from the production of larger tea varieties, but are occasionally manufactured specifically for use in bagged teas. Dusts are the finest particles of tea left over from production of the above varieties, and are often used for tea bags with very fast and harsh brews. Fannings and dusts are useful in bagged teas because the greater surface area of the many particles allows for a fast, complete diffusion of the tea into the water. Fannings and dusts usually have a darker colour, lack of sweetness, and stronger flavour when brewed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Brewing">Brewing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tea&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Brewing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Tea_from_Kerala_IMG_20200924_201237.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Black_Tea_from_Kerala_IMG_20200924_201237.jpg/220px-Black_Tea_from_Kerala_IMG_20200924_201237.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Black_Tea_from_Kerala_IMG_20200924_201237.jpg/330px-Black_Tea_from_Kerala_IMG_20200924_201237.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Black_Tea_from_Kerala_IMG_20200924_201237.jpg/440px-Black_Tea_from_Kerala_IMG_20200924_201237.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Black tea with spices</figcaption></figure> <p>Generally, one uses 0.08 ounces (2.26 g) of tea per 8 US fl oz (237 ml) of water.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (August 2024)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Unlike green teas, which turn bitter when brewed at higher temperatures, black tea should be steeped in water brought up to 212 °F (100 °C) for 3–5<span class="nowrap"> </span>min.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (August 2024)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Whole-leaf black teas, and black teas to be served with milk or lemon, should be steeped four to five minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The more delicate black teas, such as Darjeeling, should be steeped for three to four minutes. The same holds for broken leaf teas, which have more surface area and need less brewing time than whole leaves. Longer steeping times makes the tea bitter (at this point, it is referred to as being "stewed" in the UK). When the tea has brewed long enough to suit the drinker's taste, it should be strained before it is served. </p><p>A cold vessel lowers the steep temperature; to avoid this, the brewing vessel is rinsed with water at a temperature of at least 90 °C (194 °F) before brewing. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/ISO_3103" title="ISO 3103">ISO Standard 3103</a> defines how to brew tea for sensory testing.<sup id="cite_ref-ISO_2019_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISO_2019-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This standard is not meant to define the proper method for brewing tea intended for general consumption, but rather to document a tea brewing procedure where meaningful sensory comparisons can be made.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This mix is thus more than twice as concentrated for normal consumption. </p> <dl><dt>ISO 3103 black tea brewing</dt></dl> <ul><li>Brew temperature 90–95 °C</li> <li>100<span class="nowrap"> </span>ml water</li> <li>2<span class="nowrap"> </span>g of tea</li> <li>Brewing time is 6<span class="nowrap"> </span>min</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition_and_research">Composition and research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tea&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Composition and research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Health_effects_of_tea" title="Health effects of tea">Health effects of tea</a></div> <p>Black tea contains 2 to 4 percent <a href="/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine">caffeine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MedlinePlus_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MedlinePlus-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The caffeine content of tea is affected by factors such as processing and brewing time. Typically, an 8-US-fluid-ounce (240 mL) cup of black tea without sweeteners or additives contains 47 mg of caffeine, and negligible quantities of <a href="/wiki/Calorie" title="Calorie">calories</a> and <a href="/wiki/Micronutrient" title="Micronutrient">micronutrients</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FDC_2019_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDC_2019-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mayo_Clinic_2022_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayo_Clinic_2022-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The visible film often formed on black tea consists of oxidized <a href="/wiki/Polyphenols" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyphenols">polyphenols</a> and <a href="/wiki/Calcium_carbonate" title="Calcium carbonate">calcium carbonate</a>, and is therefore more pronounced for tea brewed with <a href="/wiki/Hard_water" title="Hard water">hard water</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Giacomin_2021_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giacomin_2021-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Black teas from <i><a href="/wiki/Camellia_sinensis" title="Camellia sinensis">Camellia sinensis</a></i> contain <a href="/wiki/Flavonoid" title="Flavonoid">flavonoids</a>, which are under preliminary research for their potential to affect <a href="/wiki/Blood_pressure" title="Blood pressure">blood pressure</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blood_lipids" title="Blood lipids">blood lipids</a> as <a href="/wiki/Risk_factor" title="Risk factor">risk factors</a> for <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease" title="Cardiovascular disease">cardiovascular disease</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hartley2013_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hartley2013-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Long-term consumption of black tea only slightly lowered <a href="/wiki/Blood_pressure" title="Blood pressure">systolic and diastolic blood pressures</a> (about 1–2<span class="nowrap"> </span>mmHg).<sup id="cite_ref-Hartley2013_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hartley2013-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Liu2014_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liu2014-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Black tea consumption may be associated with a reduced risk of <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">stroke</a>, but there is only limited research to evaluate this possibility.<sup id="cite_ref-Stroke2012_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stroke2012-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stroke2014_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stroke2014-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Meta-analyses" class="mw-redirect" title="Meta-analyses">Meta-analyses</a> of observational studies concluded that black tea consumption does not affect the development of <a href="/wiki/Oral_cancer" title="Oral cancer">oral cancers</a> in Asian or Caucasian populations, <a href="/wiki/Esophageal_cancer" title="Esophageal cancer">esophageal cancer</a> or <a href="/wiki/Prostate_cancer" title="Prostate cancer">prostate cancer</a> in Asian populations, or <a href="/wiki/Lung_cancer" title="Lung cancer">lung cancer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MedlinePlus_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MedlinePlus-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wang_2014_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang_2014-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zheng_2011_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zheng_2011-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lin_2014_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lin_2014-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tea&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tea_culture_in_Japan" title="Tea culture in Japan">Tea culture in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam_tea" title="Assam tea">Assam tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunfire_(drink)" title="Gunfire (drink)">Gunfire (drink)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_tea" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepal tea">Nepal tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rize_Tea" class="mw-redirect" title="Rize Tea">Rize Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_tea" title="Thai tea">Thai tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_tea" title="Vietnamese tea">Vietnamese tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_tea" title="Yellow tea">Yellow tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_breakfast_tea" title="English breakfast tea">English breakfast tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_breakfast_tea" title="Irish breakfast tea">Irish breakfast tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_in_France" title="Tea in France">Tea in France</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tea&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Heiss_2007-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Heiss_2007_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heiss_2007_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heiss_2007_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHeissHeiss2007" class="citation book cs1">Heiss, Mary Lou; Heiss, Robert J. 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(August 2024)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNanienAriaSri2019" class="citation web cs1">Nanien, Yuniar; Aria, Cindyara; Sri, Haryati (14 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.antaranews.com/news/136588/important-to-learn-about-indonesian-tea-diversity-expert">"Important to learn about Indonesian tea diversity: Expert"</a>. <i>en.antaranews.com</i>. Antara News<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutr+Cancer&rft.atitle=Green+tea+and+black+tea+consumption+and+prostate+cancer+risk%3A+an+exploratory+meta-analysis+of+observational+studies&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=663-72&rft.date=2011-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A21567675%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21667398&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01635581.2011.570895&rft.aulast=Zheng&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Yang%2C+B&rft.au=Huang%2C+T&rft.au=Yu%2C+Y&rft.au=Yang%2C+J&rft.au=Li%2C+D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lin_2014-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lin_2014_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinHuWangMao2014" class="citation journal cs1">Lin YW, Hu ZH, Wang X, Mao QQ, Qin 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+J+Surg+Oncol&rft.atitle=Tea+consumption+and+prostate+cancer%3A+an+updated+meta-analysis&rft.volume=12&rft.pages=38&rft.date=2014-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3925323%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24528523&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1477-7819-12-38&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.aufirst=YW&rft.au=Hu%2C+ZH&rft.au=Wang%2C+X&rft.au=Mao%2C+QQ&rft.au=Qin%2C+J&rft.au=Zheng%2C+XY&rft.au=Xie%2C+LP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3925323&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlack+tea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_tea&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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href="/wiki/Template:Teas" title="Template:Teas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Teas" title="Template talk:Teas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Teas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Teas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tea_(Camellia_sinensis)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tea" title="Tea">Tea</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Camellia_sinensis" title="Camellia sinensis">Camellia sinensis</a></i>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_tea" title="History of tea">History</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Common <br />varieties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Black tea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assam_tea" title="Assam tea">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuyi_tea" title="Wuyi tea">Bohea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_production_in_Sri_Lanka#Ceylon_black_tea" title="Tea production in Sri Lanka">Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congou" title="Congou">Congou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darjeeling_tea" title="Darjeeling tea">Darjeeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dianhong" title="Dianhong">Dianhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Monkey_tea" title="Golden Monkey tea">Golden Monkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_Jun_Mei_tea" title="Jin Jun Mei tea">Jin Jun Mei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangra_tea" title="Kangra tea">Kangra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keemun" title="Keemun">Keemun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_tea" title="Nilgiri tea">Nilgiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_tea" title="Sikkim tea">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibeti" title="Tibeti">Tibeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rize_tea" title="Rize tea">Rize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingdehong_tea" title="Yingdehong tea">Yingdehong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oolong" title="Oolong">Oolong tea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bai_Jiguan_tea" title="Bai Jiguan tea">Bai Jiguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ban_Tian_Yao_tea" title="Ban Tian Yao tea">Ban Tian Yao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baozhong_tea" title="Baozhong tea">Baozhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu_Zhi_Chun_tea" title="Bu Zhi Chun tea">Bu Zhi Chun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da_Hong_Pao" title="Da Hong Pao">Da Hong Pao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong_Ding_tea" title="Dong Ding tea">Dong ding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongfang_meiren" title="Dongfang meiren">Dongfang meiren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fo_Shou_tea" title="Fo Shou tea">Fo Shou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-mountain_tea" title="High-mountain tea">Gaoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangjin_Gui" title="Huangjin Gui">Huangjin Gui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Meigui_tea" title="Huang Meigui tea">Huang Meigui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_Xuan_tea" title="Jin Xuan tea">Jin Xuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qilan_tea" title="Qilan tea">Qilan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rougui_tea" title="Rougui tea">Rougui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruan_zhi" title="Ruan zhi">Ruan zhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shui_Jin_Gui_tea" title="Shui Jin Gui tea">Shui Jin Gui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shui_Xian" title="Shui Xian">Shui Xian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieluohan_tea" title="Tieluohan tea">Tieluohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieguanyin" title="Tieguanyin">Tieguanyin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Green_tea" title="Green tea">Green tea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anji_bai_cha" title="Anji bai cha">Anji bai cha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aracha" title="Aracha">Aracha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baimao_Hou" title="Baimao Hou">Baimao Hou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bancha" title="Bancha">Bancha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biluochun" title="Biluochun">Biluochun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chun_Mee" title="Chun Mee">Chun Mee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dafang_tea" title="Dafang tea">Dafang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genmaicha" title="Genmaicha">Genmaicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%27an_Melon_Seed_tea" title="Lu'an Melon Seed tea">Lu'an Melon Seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunpowder_tea" title="Gunpowder tea">Gunpowder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyokuro" title="Gyokuro">Gyokuro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Djicha" title="Hōjicha">Hōjicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiping_houkui" title="Taiping houkui">Taiping houkui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshan_Maofeng" title="Huangshan Maofeng">Huangshan Maofeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyson" title="Hyson">Hyson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sencha#Kabusecha" title="Sencha">Kabusecha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamairicha" title="Kamairicha">Kamairicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konacha" title="Konacha">Konacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukicha" title="Kukicha">Kukicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjing_tea" title="Longjing tea">Longjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matcha" title="Matcha">Matcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyang_Maojian_tea" title="Xinyang Maojian tea">Maojian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecha_(tea)" title="Mecha (tea)">Mecha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengding_Ganlu_tea" title="Mengding Ganlu tea">Mengding Ganlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sencha" title="Sencha">Sencha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sencha#Shincha" title="Sencha">Shincha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamaryokucha" title="Tamaryokucha">Tamaryokucha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_tea" title="White tea">White tea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baimudan_tea" title="Baimudan tea">Bai Mudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baihao_Yinzhen" title="Baihao Yinzhen">Baihao Yinzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoumei_tea" title="Shoumei tea">Shoumei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yellow_tea" title="Yellow tea">Yellow tea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Junshan_Yinzhen" title="Junshan Yinzhen">Junshan Yinzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huoshan_Huangya_tea" title="Huoshan Huangya tea">Huoshan Huangya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fermented_tea" title="Fermented tea">Fermented tea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pu%27er_tea" title="Pu'er tea">Pu-erh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doncha" title="Doncha">Doncha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahpet" title="Lahpet">Lahpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kombucha" title="Kombucha">Kombucha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tea_blending_and_additives" title="Tea blending and additives">Blended or <br />flavoured teas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Grey_tea" title="Earl Grey tea">Earl Grey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lady_Grey_(tea)" title="Lady Grey (tea)">Lady Grey</a>)</li> <li>Breakfast tea (<a href="/wiki/English_breakfast_tea" title="English breakfast tea">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irish_breakfast_tea" title="Irish breakfast tea">Irish</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasmine_tea" title="Jasmine tea">Jasmine tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapsang_souchong" title="Lapsang souchong">Lapsang souchong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masala_chai" title="Masala chai">Masala chai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghrebi_mint_tea" title="Maghrebi mint tea">Maghrebi mint tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales_tea_blend" title="Prince of Wales tea blend">Prince of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Caravan" title="Russian Caravan">Russian Caravan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Strobilanthes_tonkinensis" title="Strobilanthes tonkinensis">Strobilanthes tonkinensis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tea_in_Australia" title="Tea in Australia">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_tea" title="Arabic tea">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Tea in the United Kingdom">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceylon_tea" title="Ceylon tea">Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_tea" title="Chinese tea">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_tea" title="Korean tea">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_tea" title="Nepali tea">Nepali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_tea" title="Taiwanese tea">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_in_Turkey" title="Tea in Turkey">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_tea" title="Vietnamese tea">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tea_culture" title="Tea culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Customs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tea_(meal)" title="Tea (meal)">Afternoon/High tea/Evening meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_party" title="Tea party">Tea party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasseography" title="Tasseography">Tasseography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_tea_ceremony" title="East Asian tea ceremony">East Asian tea ceremony</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gongfu_tea" title="Gongfu tea">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yum_cha" title="Yum cha">Yum cha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_tea_ceremony" title="Japanese tea ceremony">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_tea_ceremony" title="Korean tea ceremony">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_tea_culture" title="Taiwanese tea culture">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_tea_ceremony" title="Ryukyuan tea ceremony">Ryukyuan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tea_garden" title="Tea garden">Tea garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teahouse" title="Teahouse">Teahouse or tearoom</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cha_chaan_teng" title="Cha chaan teng">Cha chaan teng</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chashitsu" title="Chashitsu">Chashitsu</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mizuya" title="Mizuya">Mizuya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sukiya-zukuri" title="Sukiya-zukuri">Sukiya-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roji" title="Roji">Roji</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_tea_culture" title="American tea culture">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_tea_culture" title="Argentine tea culture">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_tea_culture" title="Azerbaijani tea culture">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_tea_culture" title="Brazilian tea culture">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_tea_culture" title="Chinese tea culture">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_tea_culture" title="Dominican tea culture">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_tea_culture" title="Hong Kong tea culture">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_tea_culture" title="Indian tea culture">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_culture_in_Japan" title="Tea culture in Japan">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_tea_culture" title="Mexican tea culture">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_tea_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani tea culture">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_tea_culture" title="Russian tea culture">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_tea_culture" title="Senegalese tea culture">Senegalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_tea_culture" title="Taiwanese tea culture">Taiwanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_tea" title="History of tea">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_tea_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="History of tea in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_tea_in_India" title="History of tea in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_tea_in_Japan" title="History of tea in Japan">Japan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production and <br />distribution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tea_leaf_grading" title="Tea leaf grading">Leaf grading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_processing" title="Tea processing">Processing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decaffeination" title="Decaffeination">Decaffeination</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_tasting" title="Tea tasting">Tasting</a></li> <li>Cultivation <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tea_diseases" title="List of tea diseases">Diseases</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tea_companies" title="List of tea companies">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_tea_consumption_per_capita" title="List of countries by tea consumption per capita">Consumption by country</a></li> <li>Auctions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Tea_Auction" title="London Tea Auction">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Tea_Auction" title="Chittagong Tea Auction">Chittagong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guwahati_Tea_Auction_Centre" title="Guwahati Tea Auction Centre">Guwahati</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="By_country" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tea_production_in_Bangladesh" title="Tea production in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_production_in_Indonesia" title="Tea production in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_production_in_Kenya" title="Tea production in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_production_in_Rwanda" title="Tea production in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_production_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Tea production in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_production_in_the_United_States" title="Tea production in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Preparation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flowering_tea" title="Flowering tea">Flowering teas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infusion" title="Infusion">Infusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compressed_tea" title="Compressed tea">Compressed tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decoction" title="Decoction">Decoction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3103" title="ISO 3103">ISO procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steeping" title="Steeping">Steeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_bag" title="Tea bag">Tea bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_lady" title="Tea lady">Tea lady</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Health_effects_of_tea" title="Health effects of tea">Health effects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenolic_content_in_tea" title="Phenolic content in tea">Phenolic content</a></li> <li>Compounds <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine">Caffeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theanine" title="Theanine">Theanine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavan-3-ol" title="Flavan-3-ol">Flavan-3-ol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catechin" title="Catechin">Catechin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigallocatechin_gallate" title="Epigallocatechin gallate">Epigallocatechin gallate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theaflavin" title="Theaflavin">Theaflavin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tea-based <br />drinks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bubble_tea" title="Bubble tea">Bubble tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Builder%27s_tea" title="Builder's tea">Builder's tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_milk_tea" title="Burmese milk tea">Burmese milk tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butter_tea" title="Butter tea">Butter tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifir" title="Chifir">Chifir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doodh_pati_chai" title="Doodh pati chai">Doodh pati chai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93style_milk_tea" title="Hong Kong–style milk tea">Hong Kong–style milk tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iced_tea" title="Iced tea">Iced tea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Palmer_(drink)" title="Arnold Palmer (drink)">Arnold Palmer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagertee" title="Jagertee">Jagertee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahwah" title="Kahwah">Kahwah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lei_cha" title="Lei cha">Lei cha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_tea" title="Milk tea">Milk tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noon_chai" title="Noon chai">Noon chai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven-color_tea" title="Seven-color tea">Seven-color tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahi_haleeb" title="Shahi haleeb">Shahi haleeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suutei_tsai" title="Suutei tsai">Suutei tsai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_tea" title="Sweet tea">Sweet tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teh_tarik" title="Teh tarik">Teh tarik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_tea" title="Thai tea">Thai tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuenyeung" title="Yuenyeung">Yuenyeung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teaware" title="Teaware">Teaware</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tea_chest" title="Tea chest">Chest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_caddy" title="Tea caddy">Caddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chawan" title="Chawan">Chawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infuser" title="Infuser">Infuser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_strainer" title="Tea strainer">Strainer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teacup" title="Teacup">Teacup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teapot" title="Teapot">Teapot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaiwan" title="Gaiwan">Gaiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_set" title="Tea set">Tea set</a></li></ul></li> <li>Literature <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tea_classics" title="Tea classics">Tea classics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_teas" title="List of Chinese teas">List of Chinese teas</a></li> <li>Teas of related species <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Camellia_japonica" title="Camellia japonica">Camellia japonica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Camellia_sasanqua" title="Camellia sasanqua">Camellia sasanqua</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Camellia_taliensis" title="Camellia taliensis">Camellia taliensis</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Tea research <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lipton_Institute_of_Tea" title="Lipton Institute of Tea">Lipton Institute of Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Research_and_Extension_Station" title="Tea Research and Extension Station">Tea Research and Extension Station</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Herbal_tea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Herbal_tea" title="Herbal tea">Herbal tea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_tea" title="Cannabis tea">Cannabis tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamomile" title="Chamomile">Chamomile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_lime_tea" title="Dried lime tea">Dried lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_tea" title="Ginger tea">Ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilex_guayusa" title="Ilex guayusa">Guayusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koththamalli" title="Koththamalli">Koththamalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuding" title="Kuding">Kuding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mate_(drink)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mate (drink)">Mate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooibos" title="Rooibos">Rooibos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Tea" title="Category:Tea">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/17px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/26px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/34px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/21px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/42px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Australia" title="Portal:Australia">Australia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/21px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/42px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_Zealand" title="Portal:New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/21px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/32px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/42px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:South_Africa" title="Portal:South Africa">South Africa</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/21px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/32px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/42px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Turkey" title="Portal:Turkey">Turkey</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/21px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/42px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/15px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/24px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/31px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Nepal" title="Portal:Nepal">Nepal</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/21px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/42px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Pakistan" title="Portal:Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/21px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/32px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/42px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bangladesh" title="Portal:Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/21px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/32px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/42px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Sri_Lanka" title="Portal:Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Kenya" title="Portal:Kenya">Kenya</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Tanzania" title="Portal:Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Taiwan" title="Portal:Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/21px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/32px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/42px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hong_Kong" title="Portal:Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/21px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/32px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/42px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Singapore" title="Portal:Singapore">Singapore</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/21px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/32px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/42px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:South_Korea" title="Portal:South Korea">South Korea</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/11px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/17px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/22px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="239" data-file-height="408" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Drink" title="Portal:Drink">Drink</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203415#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2021008130">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00566839">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987012575339405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black_tea&oldid=1257434399">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black_tea&oldid=1257434399</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Asian_drinks" title="Category:Asian drinks">Asian drinks</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Black_tea" title="Category:Black tea">Black tea</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" 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