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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Nýlegar breytingar</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:N%C3%BDjustu_greinar"><span>Nýjustu greinar</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Samf%C3%A9lagsg%C3%A1tt" title="Um verkefnið, hvernig er hægt að hjálpa og hvar á að byrja"><span>Samfélagsgátt</span></a></li><li id="n-Potturinn" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Potturinn"><span>Potturinn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Fors%C3%AD%C3%B0a" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Frjálsa alfræðiritið" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-is.svg" width="118" height="12" style="width: 7.375em; 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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Skrá inn</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Frekari valkostir" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persónuleg verkfæri" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persónuleg verkfæri</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="Notandavalmynd" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=is.wikipedia.org&uselang=is"><span>Fjárframlög</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Taka þátt</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%BAa_til_a%C3%B0gang&returnto=Kassel" title="Þú ert hvattur/hvött til að búa til aðgang og skrá þig inn; en það er ekki skylda"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Búa til aðgang</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:Innskr%C3%A1&returnto=Kassel" title="Þú ert hvattur/hvött til að innskrá þig, það er hinsvegar ekki skylda. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Skrá inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Síður fyrir útskráða notendur <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A1lp:Introduction" aria-label="Læra meira um breytingar"><span>Læra meira</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:Spjallas%C3%AD%C3%B0a_m%C3%ADn" title="Spjall um breytingar frá þessu IP-staðfangi [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Spjall</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Vefsíða"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Efni" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Efni</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">færa í hliðarstiku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">fela</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Byrjun</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Lega" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lega"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Lega</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lega-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skjaldarmerki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skjaldarmerki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Skjaldarmerki</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skjaldarmerki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orðsifjar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orðsifjar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Orðsifjar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orðsifjar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saga_Kassel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saga_Kassel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Saga Kassel</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Saga_Kassel-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sýna/fela Saga Kassel undirkafla</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Saga_Kassel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Upphaf" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Upphaf"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Upphaf</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Upphaf-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Siðaskipti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siðaskipti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Siðaskipti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siðaskipti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Napoleonstíminn_og_iðnbylting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Napoleonstíminn_og_iðnbylting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Napoleonstíminn og iðnbylting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Napoleonstíminn_og_iðnbylting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nýrri_tímar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nýrri_tímar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Nýrri tímar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nýrri_tímar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viðburðir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viðburðir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Viðburðir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viðburðir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vinabæir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vinabæir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Vinabæir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vinabæir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frægustu_börn_borgarinnar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frægustu_börn_borgarinnar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Frægustu börn borgarinnar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frægustu_börn_borgarinnar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Byggingar_og_kennileiti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byggingar_og_kennileiti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Byggingar og kennileiti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byggingar_og_kennileiti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallerí" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallerí"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Gallerí</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallerí-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tilvísanir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tilvísanir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Tilvísanir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tilvísanir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heimildir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heimildir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Heimildir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heimildir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Efni" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Efnisyfirlit" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Sýna/fela efnisyfirlit" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Sýna/fela efnisyfirlit</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kassel</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Fara á grein á öðru tungumáli. Til staðar á 104 tungumálum" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-104" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">104 tungumál</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – afríkanska" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afríkanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – svissnesk þýska" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="svissnesk þýska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – aragonska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – fornenska" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="fornenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84" title="كاسل – arabíska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كاسل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – astúríska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astúríska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – aserska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84" title="کاسل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کاسل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кассель – baskír" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кассель" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baskír" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – balíska" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Касель – hvítrússneska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Касель" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="hvítrússneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Касэль – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Касэль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Касел – búlgarska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Касел" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgarska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel_(Alamagn)" title="Kassel (Alamagn) – bretónska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kassel (Alamagn)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – katalónska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кассель – tsjetsjenska" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кассель" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tsjetsjenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreisfreie_Stadt_Kassel" title="Kreisfreie Stadt Kassel – kebúanó" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kreisfreie Stadt Kassel" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="kebúanó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84" title="کاسل – miðkúrdíska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کاسل" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="miðkúrdíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – korsíska" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – tékkneska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tékkneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кассель – sjúvas" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кассель" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="sjúvas" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – velska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – þýska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="þýska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – lágsorbneska" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="lágsorbneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%BB_(%CE%88%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B7)" title="Κάσσελ (Έσση) – gríska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κάσσελ (Έσση)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gríska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – enska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="enska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaselo" title="Kaselo – esperantó" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kaselo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – spænska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spænska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – eistneska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="eistneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – baskneska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84" title="کاسل – persneska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کاسل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – finnska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassel_(Hesse)" title="Cassel (Hesse) – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cassel (Hesse)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – norðurfrísneska" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="norðurfrísneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – vesturfrísneska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vesturfrísneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – skosk gelíska" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skosk gelíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – galisíska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%9C" title="קאסל – hebreska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קאסל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – króatíska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="króatíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – hásorbneska" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="hásorbneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – ungverska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungverska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%AC" title="Կասել – armenska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կասել" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – indónesíska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indónesíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – interlingve" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingve" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – ídó" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ídó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – ítalska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ítalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%83%E3%82%BB%E3%83%AB" title="カッセル – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カッセル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – javanska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="კასელი – georgíska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კასელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кассель – kasakska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кассель" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%85%80" title="카셀 – kóreska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카셀" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="kóreska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – kúrdíska" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kúrdíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кассель – kirgiska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кассель" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassella" title="Cassella – latína" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cassella" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latína" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – lúxemborgíska" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lúxemborgíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaselis" title="Kaselis – litháíska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kaselis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litháíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasele" title="Kasele – lettneska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kasele" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – malagasíska" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Касел – makedónska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Касел" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BD" title="കാസ്സെൽ – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാസ്സെൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="कासेल – maratí" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कासेल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – lágþýska; lágsaxneska" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lágþýska; lágsaxneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel_(Duitsland)" title="Kassel (Duitsland) – hollenska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kassel (Duitsland)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – nýnorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nýnorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – norskt bókmál" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bókmál" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – oksítaníska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksítaníska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кассель – ossetíska" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Кассель" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – pólska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="pólska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84" title="کیسل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کیسل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – portúgalska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portúgalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – rúmenska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rúmenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кассель – rússneska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кассель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rússneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84" title="ڪاسل – sindí" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪاسل" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – serbókróatíska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbókróatíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – slóvakíska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slóvakíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – slóvenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slóvenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaseli" title="Kaseli – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kaseli" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Касел – serbneska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Касел" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – sænska" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sænska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – svahílí" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahílí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – slesíska" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="slesíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5" title="คัสเซิล – taílenska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คัสเซิล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taílenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – tyrkneska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Кассел – tatarska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кассел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – túmbúka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="túmbúka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кассель – úkraínska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кассель" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="úkraínska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – úsbekska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="úsbekska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel%27" title="Kassel' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kassel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – víetnamska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="víetnamska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – volapyk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – varaí" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E5%B8%82" title="卡塞尔市 – wu-kínverska" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="卡塞尔市" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu-kínverska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94" title="卡塞尔 – kínverska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卡塞尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kínverska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kassel" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%B4%A0" title="卡素 – kantónska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="卡素" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2865#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Breyta tungumálatenglum" class="wbc-editpage">Breyta tenglum</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nafnrými"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kassel" title="Sýna efnissíðuna [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Síða</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spjall:Kassel&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Spallsíða þessarar síðu (síða er ekki enn til) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Spjall</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Breyta tungumálaafbrigði" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">íslenska</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Sýn"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kassel"><span>Lesa</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&veaction=edit" title="Breyta þessari síðu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Breyta</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit" title="Breyta frumkóða síðunnar [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Breyta frumkóða</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=history" title="Eldri útgáfur af síðunni. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Breytingaskrá</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Síðuverkfæri"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verkfæri" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verkfæri</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verkfæri</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">færa í hliðarstiku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">fela</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Fleiri valkostir" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Aðgerðir </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kassel"><span>Lesa</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&veaction=edit" title="Breyta þessari síðu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Breyta</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit" title="Breyta frumkóða síðunnar [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Breyta frumkóða</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=history"><span>Breytingaskrá</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Almennt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:S%C3%AD%C3%B0ur_sem_tengjast_hinga%C3%B0/Kassel" title="Listi yfir síður sem tengjast í þessa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Hvað tengist hingað</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:N%C3%BDlegar_breytingar_tengdar/Kassel" rel="nofollow" title="Nýlegar breytingar á ítengdum síðum [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Skyldar breytingar</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Hlaða_inn_skrá" title="Hlaða inn skrám [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Hlaða inn skrá</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&oldid=1874101" title="Varanlegur tengill í þessa útgáfu síðunnar"><span>Varanlegur tengill</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=info" title="Frekari upplýsingar um þessa síðu"><span>Síðuupplýsingar</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:CiteThisPage&page=Kassel&id=1874101&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Upplýsingar um hvernig á að vitna í þessa síðu"><span>Vitna í þessa síðu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fis.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKassel"><span>Fá styttan tengil</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fis.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKassel"><span>Niðurhlaða QR-kóða</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Prenta/flytja út </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Kassel"><span>Búa til bók</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kassel&action=show-download-screen"><span>Sækja sem PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&printable=yes" title="Prentanleg útgáfa af þessari síðu [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Prentvæn útgáfa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Í öðrum verkefnum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Kassel" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2865" title="Tengill á tengdan hlut í gagnagrunni [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata hlutur</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Síðuverkfæri"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Útlit"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Útlit</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">færa í hliðarstiku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">fela</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Úr Wikipediu, frjálsa alfræðiritinu</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="is" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1754226">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-spacing:3px;background-color:#f8f9fa;color:black;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;padding:0.2em;clear:right;font-size:88%;line-height:1.5em;width:22em}@media screen and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .infobox{float:right}}@media screen and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .infobox{float:none}}.mw-parser-output .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox-below,.mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox-navbar,.mw-parser-output .infobox th,.mw-parser-output .infobox td{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-title,.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox-title,.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{padding:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-below{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-navbar{text-align:right}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1816360">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Kassel</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1816362">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:DEU_Kassel_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Skjaldarmerki Kassel"><img alt="Skjaldarmerki Kassel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/DEU_Kassel_COA.svg/86px-DEU_Kassel_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/DEU_Kassel_COA.svg/129px-DEU_Kassel_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/DEU_Kassel_COA.svg/171px-DEU_Kassel_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="518" data-file-height="604" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Skjaldarmerki</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Kassel-Position.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Staðsetning Kassel"><img alt="Staðsetning Kassel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Kassel-Position.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="313" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="188" data-file-height="235" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sambandsland</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen">Hessen</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Flatarmál<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Samtals</th><td class="infobox-data">106,8 km<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Hæð yfir sjávarmáli<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">167 m</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Mannfjöldi<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2019)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Samtals</th><td class="infobox-data">202.000</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Þéttleiki</th><td class="infobox-data">1.817/km<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Vefsíða</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stadt-kassel.de/">www.stadt-kassel.de</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:WasserspieleKasselNachts_kasselgalerie_de.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/WasserspieleKasselNachts_kasselgalerie_de.jpg/330px-WasserspieleKasselNachts_kasselgalerie_de.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/WasserspieleKasselNachts_kasselgalerie_de.jpg/500px-WasserspieleKasselNachts_kasselgalerie_de.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/WasserspieleKasselNachts_kasselgalerie_de.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="409" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Herk%C3%BAlesstyttan_%C3%AD_Kassel" title="Herkúlesstyttan í Kassel">Herkúlesmannvirkið</a> er einkennisbygging Kassel. Fossarnir eru manngerðir.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kassel</b> er þriðja stærsta borgin í þýska sambandslandinu <a href="/wiki/Hessen" title="Hessen">Hessen</a> með 202 þúsund íbúa (<a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>). Kassel var í hartnær 600 ár höfuðborg hertogadæmisins Hessen (og Hessen-Kassel), allt þar til hertogadæmið var innlimað í <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%BAssland" title="Prússland">Prússland</a> <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lega">Lega</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Breyti hluta: Lega" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Lega"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kassel liggur við ána <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fulda_(flj%C3%B3t)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fulda (fljót) (síða er ekki enn til)">Fulda</a> nær nyrst í Hessen, steinsnar fyrir sunnan sambandslandið <a href="/wiki/Ne%C3%B0ra-Saxland" title="Neðra-Saxland">Neðra-Saxland</a>. Næstu borgir eru <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Göttingen">Göttingen</a> til norðausturs (40 km), <a href="/wiki/Paderborn" title="Paderborn">Paderborn</a> til norðvesturs (70 km) og <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main">Frankfurt am Main</a> til suðurs (150 km). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Skjaldarmerki">Skjaldarmerki</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Breyti hluta: Skjaldarmerki" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Skjaldarmerki"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Skjaldarmerki" title="Skjaldarmerki">Skjaldarmerki</a> Kassel er með 13 hvíta smára á bláum fleti. Hvít rönd fer skáhallt niður merkið. Röndin merkir ána Fulda. Smárarnir eru upprunnir á <a href="/wiki/14._%C3%B6ldin" title="14. öldin">14. öld</a>, en merking þeirra er óviss. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orðsifjar"><span id="Or.C3.B0sifjar"></span>Orðsifjar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Breyti hluta: Orðsifjar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Orðsifjar"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kassel hét upphaflega Chassalla eða Chassella. Það er dregið af latneska orðinu <i>castellum</i>, sem merkir <i>virki</i>. Upphaf byggðar þar var í kringum kastalavirki konungs.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Síðan <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a> er borgin með auknefnið <b>Documenta-Stadt</b> en Documenta er stór listasýning í borginni á fjögurra eða fimm ára fresti. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Saga_Kassel">Saga Kassel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Breyti hluta: Saga Kassel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Saga Kassel"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Upphaf">Upphaf</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Breyti hluta: Upphaf" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Upphaf"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/913" title="913">913</a> kemur borgin fyrst við skjöl hjá <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konr%C3%A1%C3%B0ur_I_(HRR)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konráður I (HRR) (síða er ekki enn til)">Konráði I</a> konungi <a href="/wiki/Heilaga_r%C3%B3mverska_r%C3%ADki%C3%B0" title="Heilaga rómverska ríkið">þýska ríkisins</a>. Þar kom fram að konungur átti sér kastala sem borgin er seinna kennd við. Um miðja <a href="/wiki/12._%C3%B6ldin" title="12. öldin">12. öld</a> var stofnað nunnuklaustur á staðnum og myndaðist nokkur byggð í kringum það. <a href="/wiki/1189" title="1189">1189</a> kemur fram á skjölum að Kassel hafi þegar hlotið borgarréttindi. Reyndar var um þrjár byggðir að ræða: Altstadt, Neustadt og Freiheit. Bæirnir sameinuðust ekki fyrr en <a href="/wiki/1378" title="1378">1378</a>. Árið <a href="/wiki/1277" title="1277">1277</a> varð Kassel aðsetur landgreifans Heinrich I. eftir að Hessen var splittað frá Þýringalandi. Þar með verður Kassel að höfuðborg og er hún það í hartnær 600 ár til ársins 1866. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Siðaskipti"><span id="Si.C3.B0askipti"></span>Siðaskipti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Breyti hluta: Siðaskipti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Siðaskipti"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Kassel_Braun-Hogenberg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Kassel_Braun-Hogenberg.jpg/220px-Kassel_Braun-Hogenberg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Kassel_Braun-Hogenberg.jpg/330px-Kassel_Braun-Hogenberg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Kassel_Braun-Hogenberg.jpg/440px-Kassel_Braun-Hogenberg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3071" data-file-height="1039" /></a><figcaption>Kassel um árið 1600. Borgin er beggja megin við ána Fulda. Mannvirkið til vinstri er klaustrið.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/1527" title="1527">1527</a> tók borgin <a href="/wiki/Si%C3%B0askiptin" title="Siðaskiptin">siðaskipti</a>, enda var landgreifinn Filippus einn mestur forvígismanna þeirra. Þetta varð til þess að klaustrið var lagt niður og kaþólsku kirkjurnar urðu lúterskar. Filippus gekk í herbandalag með siðaskiptamönnum (<i>Schmalkaldischer Bund</i>) um miðja <a href="/wiki/16._%C3%B6ldin" title="16. öldin">16. öld</a> og varð Kassel að einu mesta vígi þeirra manna. Herinn beið hins vegar mikinn ósigur gegn keisarahernum, sem hertók Kassel <a href="/wiki/1547" title="1547">1547</a>. Filippusi var varpað í dýflissu þar sem hann þurfti að dúsa í fimm ár. <a href="/wiki/1567" title="1567">1567</a> dó Filippus. Þá var Hessen splittað upp í nokkur greifadæmi. Við það myndaðist landgreifadæmið Hessen-Kassel með Kassel að höfuðborg. Landgreifinn Vilhjálmur IV hafði mikinn áhuga á <a href="/wiki/Stj%C3%B6rnufr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Stjörnufræði">stjörnufræði</a>. Hann lét reisa sér stjörnuathugunarstöð, en hún er fyrsta stjörnustöð <a href="/wiki/Evr%C3%B3pa" title="Evrópa">Evrópu</a> eftir siðaskiptin. <a href="/wiki/1685" title="1685">1685</a> tók landgreifinn Karl við 1.700 <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BAgenottar" title="Húgenottar">húgenottum</a> sem flúið höfðu trúarofsóknir í <a href="/wiki/Frakkland" title="Frakkland">Frakklandi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Napoleonstíminn_og_iðnbylting"><span id="Napoleonst.C3.ADminn_og_i.C3.B0nbylting"></span>Napoleonstíminn og iðnbylting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Breyti hluta: Napoleonstíminn og iðnbylting" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Napoleonstíminn og iðnbylting"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:JeromeB2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/JeromeB2.jpg/220px-JeromeB2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="366" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/JeromeB2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="236" data-file-height="393" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Bonaparte" title="Jérôme Bonaparte">Jérôme Bonaparte</a> ríkti sem konungur í Kassel</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/1807" title="1807">1807</a> réðust Frakkar inn í Hessen og leystu furstadæmið Hessen-Kassel upp. Frakkar stofnuðu konungsríkið Vestfalíu og varð Kassel höfuðborg þess. <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon</a> gerði bróður sinn, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Bonaparte" title="Jérôme Bonaparte">Jérôme</a>, að konungi í hinu nýstofnaða ríki. Það stóð þó stutt. Eftir ófarir Napoleons í <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssland" title="Rússland">Rússlandi</a> <a href="/wiki/1813" title="1813">1813</a> voru Frakkar hraktir úr héraðinu og furstadæmið var endurreist. Á þessum tíma voru <a href="/wiki/Grimmsbr%C3%A6%C3%B0ur" title="Grimmsbræður">Grimmsbræðurnir</a> í borginni og mynduðu nokkurs konar bókmenntafélag með þekktum skáldum og rithöfundum. Í iðnskólanum störfuðu nokkrir nafntogaðir vísindamenn, þar á meðal efnafræðingurinn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Bunsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Bunsen (síða er ekki enn til)">Robert Bunsen</a> sem fann upp gasgrímuna. <a href="/wiki/1848" title="1848">1848</a> fékk borgin <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1rnbraut" class="mw-redirect" title="Járnbraut">járnbrautartengingu</a>. <a href="/wiki/1850" title="1850">1850</a> urðu nokkur innanlandsátök í Rínarsambandinu, sem endaði með því að herir frá <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A6jaraland" title="Bæjaraland">Bæjaralandi</a> og <a href="/wiki/Austurr%C3%ADska_keisarad%C3%A6mi%C3%B0" title="Austurríska keisaradæmið">Austurríki</a> hertóku Kassel til skamms tíma. 1866 átti sér stað <a href="/wiki/Str%C3%AD%C3%B0_Pr%C3%BAsslands_og_Austurr%C3%ADkis" title="Stríð Prússlands og Austurríkis">þýska stríðið</a>. Prússar og Austurríkismenn áttust við og gekk Hessen-Kassel til liðs við Austurríki. En Prússar sigruðu og ákvað <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Bismarck</a> kanslari að innlima Hessen-Kassel í <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%BAssland" title="Prússland">Prússland</a>. Þetta var endalok Kassels sem höfuðborg. <a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870-</a><a href="/wiki/1871" title="1871">71</a> sigruðu Prússar í stríði við Frakka og varð Prússland í kjölfarið að keisararíki. Þeir handtóku Frakkakeisarann <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a> eftir orrustuna við <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sedan (síða er ekki enn til)">Sedan</a> og fluttu hann til Kassel. Þar þurfti hann að dúsa í stofufangelsi í heilt ár, reyndar í sama kastala og föðurbróðir hans, Jérôme Bonaparte, ríkti sem konungur til skamms tíma. Hann var látin laus eftir keisarakrýningu <a href="/wiki/Vilhj%C3%A1lmur_1._%C3%9E%C3%BDskalandskeisari" title="Vilhjálmur 1. Þýskalandskeisari">Vilhjálms I Þýskalandskeisara</a> og fór í útlegð til <a href="/wiki/Bretland" title="Bretland">Bretlands</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nýrri_tímar"><span id="N.C3.BDrri_t.C3.ADmar"></span>Nýrri tímar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Breyti hluta: Nýrri tímar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Nýrri tímar"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nóttina <a href="/wiki/23._okt%C3%B3ber" title="23. október">23. október</a> <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a> varð Kassel fyrir gríðarlegum loftárásum Breta. 80% borgarinnar eyðilagðist og 10 þús manns biðu bana. Nær öll miðborgin brann niður. <a href="/wiki/4._apr%C3%ADl" title="4. apríl">4. apríl</a> <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a> gáfust <a href="/wiki/Nasismi" title="Nasismi">nasistar</a> í borginni upp og hertóku þá bandarískir hermenn borgina, sem eftir stríð varð hluti af hernámssvæði þeirra. <a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a> sótti Kassel um þann heiður að verða höfuðborg nýs Þýskalands. Þrjár aðrar borgir sóttu einnig um þann heiður: Frankfurt am Main, <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a> og <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a>. Bonn varð fyrir valinu en hún fékk 200 atkvæði þingmanna en Kassel 176. Fyrir vikið var ákveðið að Kassel fengi atvinnudómstólinn og félagsmáladómstólinn. Hið fyrrnefnda var þó flutt til <a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a> árið <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>. <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a> hittust <a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a> kanslari og <a href="/wiki/Willi_Stoph" title="Willi Stoph">Willi Stoph</a> fulltrúi <a href="/wiki/Austur-%C3%9E%C3%BDskaland" title="Austur-Þýskaland">Austur-Þýskalands</a> í Kassel til að ræða um sjálfstæði landanna. <a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a> var háskólinn Universität Kassel stofnaður. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viðburðir"><span id="Vi.C3.B0bur.C3.B0ir"></span>Viðburðir</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Breyti hluta: Viðburðir" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Viðburðir"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Documenta</b> er mesta listasýning heims og fer fram á fjögurra eða fimm ára fresti í Kassel og stendur í 100 daga, yfirleitt frá <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BAn%C3%AD" title="Júní">júní</a> til <a href="/wiki/September" title="September">september</a>. Documenta fór fyrsta fram <a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a> og varð strax gífurlega vinsælt. Hér er bæði um að ræða listaviðburði innanhúss og utanhúss. Síðasta sýning fór fram <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>. Þá fóru rúmlega 500 listviðburðir fram. Rúmlega 750 þúsund manns komu gagngert til borgarinnar til að fylgjast með. Næsta sýning verður 2012.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Zissel-Zisselhaering.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Zissel-Zisselhaering.png/220px-Zissel-Zisselhaering.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Zissel-Zisselhaering.png/330px-Zissel-Zisselhaering.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Zissel-Zisselhaering.png/440px-Zissel-Zisselhaering.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>Síldin er einkennismerki hátíðarinnar Zissel</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b>Zissel</b> er heiti á þjóðhátíð borgarinnar. Hún er haldin árlega fyrstu helgina í <a href="/wiki/%C3%81g%C3%BAst" title="Ágúst">ágúst</a>. Upphaf hátíðarinnar má rekja til kappræðara á ánni Fulda. Hugmyndin fæddist er nokkrir ræðarar átu <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADld" title="Síld">síld</a> í veitingahúsi og ákváðu að gera sér dagamun. Hátíðin fer fram víða um borg, en hápunkturinn er skrúðsigling á hinum ýmsum bátum og fleytum á ánni Fulda. Þar má sjá ýmsar skrýtnar og skrautlegar fleytur. Einkennismerki hátíðarinnar er stórt plastmódel af síld sem hengd er niður úr brú einni.</li> <li><b>Connichi</b> er sýning á japönsku <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">manga</a> og <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> í borginni Kassel. Hún fer árlega fram í september og stendur í þrjá daga. Þetta er stærsta slíka sýningin í þýskumælandi landi og dregur til sín fjölda gesta. Heiðursgestir eru yfirleitt teiknarar og tónlistarmenn frá <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>. Auk sýningarinnar geta gestir tekið námskeið í pappírskúnst (Origami), japanskri tehúsamenningu, fagurskrift og <a href="/wiki/Japanska" title="Japanska">japönsku</a>. Á aðalsviðinu koma þýskir og japanskir listamenn fram.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vinabæir"><span id="Vinab.C3.A6ir"></span>Vinabæir</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Breyti hluta: Vinabæir" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Vinabæir"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dresden viðheldur vinabæjatengslum við eftirfarandi borgir: </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fáni Ítalíu"><img alt="Fáni Ítalíu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%B3rens" title="Flórens">Flórens</a> á <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dtal%C3%ADa" title="Ítalía">Ítalíu</a>, síðan <a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fáni Frakklands"><img alt="Fáni Frakklands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mulhouse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mulhouse (síða er ekki enn til)">Mulhouse</a> í <a href="/wiki/Frakkland" title="Frakkland">Frakklandi</a>, síðan <a href="/wiki/1965" title="1965">1965</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Flag_of_Sweden.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fáni Svíþjóðar"><img alt="Fáni Svíþjóðar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4ster%C3%A5s" title="Västerås">Västerås</a> í <a href="/wiki/Sv%C3%AD%C3%BEj%C3%B3%C3%B0" title="Svíþjóð">Svíþjóð</a>, síðan <a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Flag_of_Finland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fáni Finnlands"><img alt="Fáni Finnlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rovaniemi" title="Rovaniemi">Rovaniemi</a> í <a href="/wiki/Finnland" title="Finnland">Finnlandi</a>, síðan <a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a></li></ul> </td> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fáni Rússlands"><img alt="Fáni Rússlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaroslawl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaroslawl (síða er ekki enn til)">Jaroslawl</a> í <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssland" title="Rússland">Rússlandi</a>, síðan <a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fáni Þýskalands"><img alt="Fáni Þýskalands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnstadt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arnstadt (síða er ekki enn til)">Arnstadt</a> í <a href="/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%BDskalandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Þýskalandi">Þýskalandi</a>, síðan <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Flag_of_Israel.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fáni Ísraels"><img alt="Fáni Ísraels" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/33px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/44px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramat_Gan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramat Gan (síða er ekki enn til)">Ramat Gan</a> í <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dsrael" title="Ísrael">Ísrael</a>, síðan <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Flag_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/20px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/40px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izmit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izmit (síða er ekki enn til)">Izmit</a> í <a href="/wiki/Tyrkland" title="Tyrkland">Tyrklandi</a>, síðan <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Frægustu_börn_borgarinnar"><span id="Fr.C3.A6gustu_b.C3.B6rn_borgarinnar"></span>Frægustu börn borgarinnar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Breyti hluta: Frægustu börn borgarinnar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Frægustu börn borgarinnar"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/1865" title="1865">1865</a>) <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Scheidemann" title="Philipp Scheidemann">Philipp Scheidemann</a>, kanslari Þýskalands</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/1899" title="1899">1899</a>) Paul Julius Reuter stofnandi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reuters-fr%C3%A9ttastofan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reuters-fréttastofan (síða er ekki enn til)">Reuters-fréttastofunnar</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Byggingar_og_kennileiti">Byggingar og kennileiti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Breyti hluta: Byggingar og kennileiti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Byggingar og kennileiti"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Marteinskirkjan</b> er helsta lúterska kirkjan í borginni. Þetta er grafarkirkja landgreifanna frá Hessen. Hér liggja tugir greifar og ættingjar þeirra, en einnig einhverjir heldri menn úr Kassel á öldum áður. Byrjað var að reisa hana fyrir 1364 og var hún vígð 1462 heilögum Marteini í kaþólskum sið. Kirkjan var þá turnlaus. Suðurturninn var reistur 1487. Við siðaskiptin 1524 varð kirkjan lútersk og svo er enn. Það var svo ekki fyrr en 1889-1892 að norðurturninn var reistur. Eftir skemmdir loftárásanna 1943 var kirkjunni breytt nokkuð og hlaut hún þá núverandi mynd.</li> <li><b>Drusel-turninn</b> er hluti af gamla borgarmúrunum. Turninn var reistur 1415 á veikum bletti í múrnum, þar sem vatnið í læknum Druselbach rann inn í borgina. Af læknum dregur turninn heiti sitt. Hann þjónaði einnig sem dýflissa, en fangana þurfti að láta síga niður um holu í gólfinu. Þegar landgreifinn Filippus þurfti sjálfur að dúsa í dýflissunni í 5 ár (1547-52), lét hann hita hana upp. Hún var svo seinna notuð til að reykja mat og enn seinna sem lager. Múrinn var rifinn niður 1767-74, en turninn fékk að standa. 1905 brann hann þó niður. Ári seinna fékk hann þá nýtt þak, sem aftur eyðilagðist í loftárásum 1943. Turninn er ónotaður í dag og ekki aðgengilegur.</li> <li><b>Ottoneum</b> er heiti á leikhúsi í borginni, en það er elsta fasta leikhús Þýskalands. Það var reist 1603-1606 og nefnt Ottoneum eftir syni þáverandi Landgreifa (sem hét Otto). Leiksýningar í húsinu fóru þó ekki fram nema til 1690. Þá var því umbreytt í listasafn. Seinna varð það skólabygging, en þar fór fram kennsla í náttúruvísindum. Húsið skemmdist talsvert í loftárásum 1943 og eyðilögðust margir sjaldgæfir sýningargripir í náttúrufræðum. Húsið er náttúrufræðisafn í dag.</li> <li><b>Wilhelmshöhe-kastalinn</b> var reistur 1786-1798 og átti að þjóna sem aðsetur greifanna í Hessen-Kassel. En skömmu síðar hertóku Frakkar greifadæmið og ríkti þá Jérôme Bonaparte yfir nýstofnað konungsríki Vestfalíu í þessum kastala. 1870-71 sat Napoleon III í stofufangelsi í kastalanum. Hann skemmdist nokkuð í loftárásum 1943 og var endurreistur í áföngum. 1970 hittust Willy Brandt og Willi Stoph í kastalanum og ræddu um framtíð þýsku ríkjanna. Í dag er í honum lista- og málverkasafn.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herk%C3%BAlesstyttan_%C3%AD_Kassel" title="Herkúlesstyttan í Kassel">Herkúles</a> er heiti á styttu og gríðmiklum stalli sem er einkennisbygging borgarinnar. Niður af stallinum eru manngerðir fossar, þeir lengstu (250 m) og fegurstu í Þýskalandi.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallerí"><span id="Galler.C3.AD"></span>Gallerí</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Breyti hluta: Gallerí" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Gallerí"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Martinskirche_kassel_top.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Marteinskirkjan"><img alt="Marteinskirkjan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Martinskirche_kassel_top.jpg/120px-Martinskirche_kassel_top.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Martinskirche_kassel_top.jpg/180px-Martinskirche_kassel_top.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Martinskirche_kassel_top.jpg/240px-Martinskirche_kassel_top.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2529" data-file-height="2518" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Marteinskirkjan</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Kassel_asv2022-02_img36_Druselturm.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drusel-turninn"><img alt="Drusel-turninn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Kassel_asv2022-02_img36_Druselturm.jpg/80px-Kassel_asv2022-02_img36_Druselturm.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Kassel_asv2022-02_img36_Druselturm.jpg/120px-Kassel_asv2022-02_img36_Druselturm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Kassel_asv2022-02_img36_Druselturm.jpg/160px-Kassel_asv2022-02_img36_Druselturm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3055" data-file-height="4583" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Drusel-turninn</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Kassel_asv2022-02_img40_Ottoneum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ottoneum"><img alt="Ottoneum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Kassel_asv2022-02_img40_Ottoneum.jpg/120px-Kassel_asv2022-02_img40_Ottoneum.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Kassel_asv2022-02_img40_Ottoneum.jpg/180px-Kassel_asv2022-02_img40_Ottoneum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Kassel_asv2022-02_img40_Ottoneum.jpg/240px-Kassel_asv2022-02_img40_Ottoneum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5482" data-file-height="3426" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ottoneum</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:SchlossWilhelmshoehe_kasselgalerie_de.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wilhelmshöhe-kastalinn"><img alt="Wilhelmshöhe-kastalinn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/SchlossWilhelmshoehe_kasselgalerie_de.jpg/120px-SchlossWilhelmshoehe_kasselgalerie_de.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/SchlossWilhelmshoehe_kasselgalerie_de.jpg/180px-SchlossWilhelmshoehe_kasselgalerie_de.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/SchlossWilhelmshoehe_kasselgalerie_de.jpg/240px-SchlossWilhelmshoehe_kasselgalerie_de.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="561" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wilhelmshöhe-kastalinn</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tilvísanir"><span id="Tilv.C3.ADsanir"></span>Tilvísanir</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Breyti hluta: Tilvísanir" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Tilvísanir"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Geographische Namen in Deutschland. Duden. 1993. Bls. 148.</span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heimildir">Heimildir</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Breyti hluta: Heimildir" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassel&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Heimildir"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fyrirmynd greinarinnar var „<i><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel" class="extiw" title="de:Kassel">Kassel</a></i>“ á <a href="/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%BDska" title="Þýska">þýsku</a> útgáfu <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>. 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