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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Skrá inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Síður fyrir útskráða notendur <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A1lp:Introduction" aria-label="Læra meira um breytingar"><span>Læra meira</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:Spjallas%C3%AD%C3%B0a_m%C3%ADn" title="Spjall um breytingar frá þessu IP-staðfangi [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Spjall</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Vefsíða"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Efni" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Efni</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">færa í hliðarstiku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">fela</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Byrjun</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Lega" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lega"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Lega</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lega-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skjaldarmerki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skjaldarmerki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Skjaldarmerki</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skjaldarmerki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orðsifjar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orðsifjar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Orðsifjar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orðsifjar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saga_Aachen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saga_Aachen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Saga Aachen</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Saga_Aachen-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sýna/fela Saga Aachen undirkafla</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Saga_Aachen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Keisaraborgin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keisaraborgin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Keisaraborgin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keisaraborgin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fríborg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fríborg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Fríborg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fríborg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Siðaskiptin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siðaskiptin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Siðaskiptin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siðaskiptin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bruninn_mikli_og_friðarsamningar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bruninn_mikli_og_friðarsamningar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Bruninn mikli og friðarsamningar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bruninn_mikli_og_friðarsamningar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frakkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frakkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Frakkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frakkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prússar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prússar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Prússar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prússar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20._öldin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20._öldin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>20. öldin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20._öldin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Íþróttir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Íþróttir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Íþróttir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Íþróttir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viðburðir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viðburðir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Viðburðir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viðburðir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vinabæir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vinabæir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Vinabæir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vinabæir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frægustu_börn_borgarinnar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frægustu_börn_borgarinnar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Frægustu börn borgarinnar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frægustu_börn_borgarinnar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Byggingar_og_kennileiti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byggingar_og_kennileiti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Byggingar og kennileiti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byggingar_og_kennileiti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Myndasafn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Myndasafn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Myndasafn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Myndasafn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tenglar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tenglar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Tenglar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tenglar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tilvísanir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tilvísanir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Tilvísanir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tilvísanir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heimildir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heimildir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Heimildir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heimildir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Efni" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Efnisyfirlit" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Sýna/fela efnisyfirlit" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Sýna/fela efnisyfirlit</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Aachen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Fara á grein á öðru tungumáli. Til staðar á 118 tungumálum" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-118" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">118 tungumál</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aken" title="Aken – afríkanska" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Aken" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afríkanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – svissnesk þýska" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="svissnesk þýska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%8A%BD%E1%8A%95" title="አኽን – amharíska" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አኽን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquisgr%C3%A1n" title="Aquisgrán – aragonska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Aquisgrán" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AE%D9%86" title="آخن – arabíska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آخن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%8A%D9%86" title="اخين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اخين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquisgr%C3%A1n" title="Aquisgrán – astúríska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Aquisgrán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astúríska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaxen" title="Aaxen – aserska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Aaxen" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AE%D9%86" title="آخن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آخن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – balíska" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ахен – hvítrússneska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ахен" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="hvítrússneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Аахэн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Аахэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Аахен – búlgarska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Аахен" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgarska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="আখেন – bengalska" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আখেন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – bretónska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – bosníska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosníska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquisgr%C3%A0" title="Aquisgrà – katalónska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aquisgrà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ахен – tsjetsjenska" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ахен" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tsjetsjenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen_(munisipyo)" title="Aachen (munisipyo) – kebúanó" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Aachen (munisipyo)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="kebúanó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%86" title="ئاخن – miðkúrdíska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئاخن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="miðkúrdíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquisgrana" title="Aquisgrana – korsíska" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Aquisgrana" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1chy" title="Cáchy – tékkneska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cáchy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tékkneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achen" title="Achen – kasúbíska" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Achen" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kasúbíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – velska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="Gæðagrein"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – þýska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="þýska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%BD" title="Άαχεν – gríska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άαχεν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gríska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – enska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="enska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akeno" title="Akeno – esperantó" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Akeno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquisgr%C3%A1n" title="Aquisgrán – spænska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aquisgrán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spænska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – eistneska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="eistneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akisgran" title="Akisgran – baskneska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Akisgran" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AE%D9%86" title="آخن – persneska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آخن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – finnska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aix-la-Chapelle" title="Aix-la-Chapelle – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aix-la-Chapelle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – norðurfrísneska" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="norðurfrísneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aken" title="Aken – vesturfrísneska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Aken" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vesturfrísneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – írska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="írska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – skosk gelíska" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skosk gelíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquisgr%C3%A1n" title="Aquisgrán – galisíska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Aquisgrán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%90%D7%9B%D7%9F" title="אאכן – hebreska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אאכן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8" title="आखन – hindí" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आखन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – króatíska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="króatíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – hásorbneska" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="hásorbneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – ungverska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungverska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Աախեն – armenska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աախեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquisgrano" title="Aquisgrano – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Aquisgrano" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – indónesíska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indónesíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – interlingve" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingve" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – ídó" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ídó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquisgrana" title="Aquisgrana – ítalska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aquisgrana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ítalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%98%E3%83%B3" title="アーヘン – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アーヘン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="აახენი – georgíska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აახენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ахен – kasakska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ахен" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%97%A8" title="아헨 – kóreska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아헨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="kóreska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oche" title="Oche – kölníska" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Oche" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kölníska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – kúrdíska" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kúrdíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ахен – kirgiska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ахен" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquisgranum" title="Aquisgranum – latína" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aquisgranum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latína" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oochen" title="Oochen – lúxemborgíska" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Oochen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lúxemborgíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aoke" title="Aoke – limbúrgíska" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Aoke" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limbúrgíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquisgrana" title="Aquisgrana – lombardíska" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Aquisgrana" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achenas" title="Achenas – litháíska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Achenas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litháíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%80hene" title="Āhene – lettneska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Āhene" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – malagasíska" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ахен – makedónska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ахен" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%BB" title="ആഹ്ഹൻ – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആഹ്ഹൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Аахен – mongólska" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Аахен" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongólska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8" title="आखन – maratí" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आखन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – malaíska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aken" title="Aken – lágþýska; lágsaxneska" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Aken" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lágþýska; lágsaxneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aken_(stad)" title="Aken (stad) – hollenska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aken (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – nýnorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nýnorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – norskt bókmál" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bókmál" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquisgran" title="Aquisgran – oksítaníska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Aquisgran" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksítaníska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ахен – ossetíska" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ахен" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akwizgran" title="Akwizgran – pólska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Akwizgran" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="pólska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AE%D9%86" title="آخن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آخن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AE%D9%86" title="آخن – pastú" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="آخن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pastú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – portúgalska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portúgalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – kvesjúa" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kvesjúa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – rúmenska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rúmenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ахен – rússneska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ахен" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rússneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquisgrana" title="Aquisgrana – sikileyska" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Aquisgrana" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sikileyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – skoska" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skoska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – serbókróatíska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbókróatíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – slóvakíska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slóvakíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – slóvenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slóvenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ахен – serbneska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ахен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – sænska" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sænska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – svahílí" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahílí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – slesíska" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="slesíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆஃகன் – tamílska" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆஃகன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamílska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Аахен – tadsjikska" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Аахен" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="อาเคิน – taílenska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อาเคิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taílenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaxen" title="Aaxen – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Aaxen" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – tyrkneska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ахен – tatarska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ахен" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – túmbúka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="túmbúka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Аахен – úkraínska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аахен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="úkraínska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AE%D9%86" title="آخن – úrdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آخن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="úrdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – úsbekska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="úsbekska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – víetnamska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="víetnamska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – volapyk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85xhe" title="Åxhe – vallónska" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Åxhe" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – varaí" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%90%9B" title="亚琛 – wu-kínverska" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="亚琛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu-kínverska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aken" title="Aken – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Aken" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%90%9B" title="亚琛 – kínverska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="亚琛" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kínverska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Aachen" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%87%A3" title="阿臣 – kantónska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿臣" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1017#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Breyta tungumálatenglum" class="wbc-editpage">Breyta tenglum</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nafnrými"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Sýna efnissíðuna [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Síða</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spjall:Aachen&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Spallsíða þessarar síðu (síða er ekki enn til) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Spjall</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Breyta tungumálaafbrigði" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">íslenska</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Sýn"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aachen"><span>Lesa</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&veaction=edit" title="Breyta þessari síðu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Breyta</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=edit" title="Breyta frumkóða síðunnar [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Breyta frumkóða</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=history" title="Eldri útgáfur af síðunni. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Breytingaskrá</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Síðuverkfæri"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verkfæri" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verkfæri</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verkfæri</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">færa í hliðarstiku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">fela</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Fleiri valkostir" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Aðgerðir </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aachen"><span>Lesa</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&veaction=edit" title="Breyta þessari síðu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Breyta</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=edit" title="Breyta frumkóða síðunnar [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Breyta frumkóða</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=history"><span>Breytingaskrá</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Almennt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:S%C3%AD%C3%B0ur_sem_tengjast_hinga%C3%B0/Aachen" title="Listi yfir síður sem tengjast í þessa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Hvað tengist hingað</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:N%C3%BDlegar_breytingar_tengdar/Aachen" rel="nofollow" title="Nýlegar breytingar á ítengdum síðum [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Skyldar breytingar</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Hlaða_inn_skrá" title="Hlaða inn skrám [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Hlaða inn skrá</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&oldid=1906369" title="Varanlegur tengill í þessa útgáfu síðunnar"><span>Varanlegur tengill</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=info" title="Frekari upplýsingar um þessa síðu"><span>Síðuupplýsingar</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:CiteThisPage&page=Aachen&id=1906369&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Upplýsingar um hvernig á að vitna í þessa síðu"><span>Vitna í þessa síðu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fis.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAachen"><span>Fá styttan tengil</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fis.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAachen"><span>Niðurhlaða QR-kóða</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Prenta/flytja út </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Aachen"><span>Búa til bók</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:DownloadAsPdf&page=Aachen&action=show-download-screen"><span>Sækja sem PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&printable=yes" title="Prentanleg útgáfa af þessari síðu [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Prentvæn útgáfa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Í öðrum verkefnum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Aachen" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1017" title="Tengill á tengdan hlut í gagnagrunni [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata hlutur</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Síðuverkfæri"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Útlit"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Útlit</div> <button 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-spacing:3px;background-color:#f8f9fa;color:black;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;padding:0.2em;clear:right;font-size:88%;line-height:1.5em;width:22em}@media screen and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .infobox{float:right}}@media screen and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .infobox{float:none}}.mw-parser-output .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox-below,.mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox-navbar,.mw-parser-output .infobox th,.mw-parser-output .infobox td{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output 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.mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Aachen</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1816362">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:DEU_Aachen_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Skjaldarmerki Aachen"><img alt="Skjaldarmerki Aachen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/DEU_Aachen_COA.svg/83px-DEU_Aachen_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="83" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/DEU_Aachen_COA.svg/125px-DEU_Aachen_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/DEU_Aachen_COA.svg/167px-DEU_Aachen_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="402" data-file-height="482" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Skjaldarmerki</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Lage_der_kreisfreien_Stadt_Aachen_in_Deutschland.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Staðsetning Aachen"><img alt="Staðsetning Aachen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Lage_der_kreisfreien_Stadt_Aachen_in_Deutschland.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="332" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="176" data-file-height="234" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sambandsland</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nor%C3%B0urr%C3%ADn-Vestfal%C3%ADa" title="Norðurrín-Vestfalía">Norðurrín-Vestfalía</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Flatarmál<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Samtals</th><td class="infobox-data">160,85 km<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Hæð yfir sjávarmáli<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">173 m</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Mannfjöldi<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2019)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Samtals</th><td class="infobox-data">249.000</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Þéttleiki</th><td class="infobox-data">1.513/km<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Vefsíða</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aachen.de/">www.aachen.de</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Karte_Aachen_Stadtbezirke.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Karte_Aachen_Stadtbezirke.png/220px-Karte_Aachen_Stadtbezirke.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Karte_Aachen_Stadtbezirke.png/330px-Karte_Aachen_Stadtbezirke.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Karte_Aachen_Stadtbezirke.png/440px-Karte_Aachen_Stadtbezirke.png 2x" data-file-width="3660" data-file-height="4594" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:AachenKarlDerGrosseStatue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/AachenKarlDerGrosseStatue.jpg/220px-AachenKarlDerGrosseStatue.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="385" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/AachenKarlDerGrosseStatue.jpg/330px-AachenKarlDerGrosseStatue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/AachenKarlDerGrosseStatue.jpg/440px-AachenKarlDerGrosseStatue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1844" data-file-height="3229" /></a><figcaption>Stytta af Karlamagnúsi fyrir framan ráðhúsið</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Aachen</b> er borg í þýska sambandslandinu <a href="/wiki/Nor%C3%B0urr%C3%ADn-Vestfal%C3%ADa" title="Norðurrín-Vestfalía">Norðurrín-Vestfalíu</a> og er með um 250 þúsund íbúa (<a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>). Hún er vestasta borgin í <a href="/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%BDskaland" title="Þýskaland">Þýskalandi</a>. Aachen er þekktust fyrir að vera aðsetur <a href="/wiki/Karlamagn%C3%BAs" title="Karlamagnús">Karlamagnúsar</a> og var sem slík höfuðborg og krýningaborg <a href="/wiki/Heilaga_r%C3%B3mverska_r%C3%ADki%C3%B0" title="Heilaga rómverska ríkið">þýska ríkisins</a>. Karlamagnús hvílir í dómkirkjunni í borginni, sem jafnframt er á <a href="/wiki/Heimsminjaskr%C3%A1_UNESCO" title="Heimsminjaskrá UNESCO">heimsminjaskrá UNESCO</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lega">Lega</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Breyti hluta: Lega" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Lega"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aachen liggur vestast í sambandslandinu, nokkuð fyrir suðvestan <a href="/wiki/Ruhr-h%C3%A9ra%C3%B0i%C3%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruhr-héraðið">Ruhr-héraðið</a>. Hún er vestasta borg Þýskalands og liggur við hollensku og belgísku landamærin. Næstu borgir eru <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln" title="Köln">Köln</a> til austurs (50 km), <a href="/wiki/Maastricht" title="Maastricht">Maastricht</a> í <a href="/wiki/Holland" title="Holland">Hollandi</a> til vesturs (20 km) og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Li%C3%A9ge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liége (síða er ekki enn til)">Liége</a> í <a href="/wiki/Belg%C3%ADa" title="Belgía">Belgíu</a> til suðvesturs (30 km). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Skjaldarmerki">Skjaldarmerki</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Breyti hluta: Skjaldarmerki" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Skjaldarmerki"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Skjaldarmerki" title="Skjaldarmerki">Skjaldarmerki</a> Aachen sýnir svartan örn á gulum grunni. Örninn er tákn um gamla þýska ríkið, enda var Aachen keisaraborg. Örninn er búinn að vera tákn borgarinnar í margar aldir og hefur breyst örlítið með tímanum. Síðustu breytingar áttu sér stað <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orðsifjar"><span id="Or.C3.B0sifjar"></span>Orðsifjar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Breyti hluta: Orðsifjar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Orðsifjar"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nafnið Aachen er vatnanafn eða árnafn og er dregið af gamla germanska orðinu <i>Ahha</i> eða <i>Ache</i>, sem aftur er dregið af latneska orðinu <i>aqua</i>, sem merkir <i>vatn</i>. Á 8. öld hét bærinn Aquis Villa (<i>Vatnabær</i>). Meintar eru uppsprettur sem lengi hafa verið notaðar við böð og heilsuböð. <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aachen heitir öðru nafni á hinum ýmsu tungumálum. <a href="/wiki/Franska" title="Franska">Franska</a>: Aix-la-Chapelle. <a href="/wiki/Lat%C3%ADna" title="Latína">Latína</a>: Aquisgranum. <a href="/wiki/Hollenska" title="Hollenska">Hollenska</a>: Aken. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Saga_Aachen">Saga Aachen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Breyti hluta: Saga Aachen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Saga Aachen"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Keisaraborgin">Keisaraborgin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Breyti hluta: Keisaraborgin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Keisaraborgin"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Það voru <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3mverjar" class="mw-redirect" title="Rómverjar">Rómverjar</a> sem fyrstir settust að á núverandi borgarstæði. Þeir fundu lindir sem þeir notuðu fyrir böð. Bærinn sem Rómverjar reistu var þó ekki stór, enda við jaðar <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3maveldi" title="Rómaveldi">Rómaveldis</a>. Rómverjar hurfu í upphafi 5. aldar og settust þá <a href="/wiki/Germanir" title="Germanir">germanir</a> að í bænum, ekki síst frankar. Árið <a href="/wiki/765" title="765">765</a> kemur Aachen fyrst við skjöl er Pippin yngri frankakonungur hélt upp á jólin þar og páska árið eftir. Sonur hans, Karlamagnús, lét reisa kastalavirki í Aachen og gerði staðinn að aðalaðsetri sínu. Það með varð Aachen að höfuðborg hins mikla frankaríkis. Karlamagnús varð síðan fyrsti <a href="/wiki/Keisari" title="Keisari">keisari</a> hins mikla ríkis. Hann lét einnig reisa dómkirkjuna. Árið <a href="/w/index.php?title=817&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="817 (síða er ekki enn til)">817</a> lét Karlamagnús krýna son sinn <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BA%C3%B0v%C3%ADk_hinn_fr%C3%B3mi" title="Lúðvík hinn frómi">Lúðvík hinn fróma</a> til meðkonungs í Aachen. Síðan þá hafa rúmlega 30 konungar þýska ríkisins verið krýndir í dómkirkjunni í Aachen og voru margir þeirra seinna krýndir til keisara. Síðasta krýningin í Aachen fór fram <a href="/wiki/1531" title="1531">1531</a> er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_I_(HRR)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferdinand I (HRR) (síða er ekki enn til)">Ferdinand I</a> var krýndur til konungs. Seinni konungar voru að mestu leyti krýndir í <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main">Frankfurt</a>. Margir konunganna og keisaranna hvíla í dómkirkjunni í Aachen. Hún er enn talinn mesta keisaraborg Þýskalands. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fríborg"><span id="Fr.C3.ADborg"></span>Fríborg</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Breyti hluta: Fríborg" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Fríborg"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Aachen_city_hall_Imperial_Regalia_replicas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Aachen_city_hall_Imperial_Regalia_replicas.jpg/220px-Aachen_city_hall_Imperial_Regalia_replicas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Aachen_city_hall_Imperial_Regalia_replicas.jpg/330px-Aachen_city_hall_Imperial_Regalia_replicas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Aachen_city_hall_Imperial_Regalia_replicas.jpg/440px-Aachen_city_hall_Imperial_Regalia_replicas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Ríkisdjásnin</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Fri%C3%B0rik_Barbarossa" class="mw-redirect" title="Friðrik Barbarossa">Friðrik Barbarossa</a> var krýndur til konungs í Aachen <a href="/wiki/1152" title="1152">1152</a>. Hann lét gagnpáfann Pascalis III lýsa Karlamagnús heilagan árið <a href="/wiki/1165" title="1165">1165</a>. Á næsta ári gerði hann Aachen að fríborg í ríkinu. Borgin fékk skömmu seinna veglega borgarmúra, sem kölluðust Barbarossamúrar. <a href="/wiki/1248" title="1248">1248</a> varð Vilhjálmur frá Hollandi gagnkonungur í þýska ríkinu, meðan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fri%C3%B0rik_II_(HRR)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friðrik II (HRR) (síða er ekki enn til)">Friðrik II</a> var keisari. Vilhjálmur vildi láta krýna sig í Aachen, en borgarbúar lokuðu á hann borgarhliðunum og stóðu fast með Friðriki keisara. Vilhjálmur lét því gera umsátur um borgina. Eftir nokkra mánuði fór honum þó að leiðast þófið og lét gera stíflur í nokkra læki sem runnu í gegnum Aachen. Fyrir vikið hækkaði í þeim vatnið og flæddi út um alla borg. Borgarbúar gáfust loks upp eftir sex mánaða úthald og var Vilhjálmur þá krýndur. Til krýninga konunga voru þrjú ríkisdjásn notuð: Myndabók guðspjallamannanna, Stefánsskrínið (með mold frá <a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%BAsalem" title="Jerúsalem">Jerúsalem</a> og dreypt með blóði heilags Stefáns) og korði Karlamagnúsar. Þessi ríkisdjásn voru í fyrsta sinn notuð í helgigöngu í Aachen <a href="/wiki/1349" title="1349">1349</a>. Síðan þá hefur helgigangan farið fram á sjö ára fresti í Aachen, sem varð ein af mest sóttu pílagrímsstöðum kristninnar í <a href="/wiki/Evr%C3%B3pa" title="Evrópa">Evrópu</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Siðaskiptin"><span id="Si.C3.B0askiptin"></span>Siðaskiptin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Breyti hluta: Siðaskiptin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Siðaskiptin"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Si%C3%B0askiptin" title="Siðaskiptin">Siðaskiptin</a> gengu hægt fyrir sig í Aachen. Það var ekki fyrr en eftir <a href="/wiki/1560" title="1560">1560</a> að nokkrir íbúar snerust til <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BAterstr%C3%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Lúterstrú">lúterstrúar</a>. En með tilkomu hollenskra innflytjenda stórjókst hlutfall lúterstrúarmanna í borginni. <a href="/wiki/1581" title="1581">1581</a> voru lúterskir borgarráðsmenn í fyrsta sinn í meirihluta í borgarráðinu. Þá voru sett lög um trúfrelsi í borginni og í raun voru allir sáttir við aðstæður. En keisaranum, <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%BAdolf_II_(HRR)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rúdolf II (HRR) (síða er ekki enn til)">Rúdolf II</a>, mislíkaði að keisaraborgin skyldi snúast til lúterstrúar. Hann sjálfur hafði verið krýndur til konungs í <a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a> í <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A6jaraland" title="Bæjaraland">Bæjaralandi</a>. Seinasta konungskrýningin í Aachen hafði farið fram 1531. Rúdolf setti ríkisbann á borgina og í kjölfarið varð borgarráð eingöngu skipað kaþólikkum. Þeir stóðu hins vegar andspænis lúterskum íbúum borgarinnar, sem þar voru í miklum meirihluta. Í fyrstu varð ágreiningur lítill, en smájókst með árunum. <a href="/wiki/1611" title="1611">1611</a> voru lúterskar messur bannaðar og lúterstrúarmenn áttu að missa réttindi sín. Þessu gátu borgarbúar ekki unað og gerðu allsherjar uppreisn. Þeir stormuðu í ráðhúsið og handtóku allt borgarráðið. Einnig brutust þeir inn í kaþólskar innréttingar og eyðilögðu ýmislegt þar. Keisarinn krafðist hlýðni af borgarbúum, en hann lést nokkrum mánuðum síðar. Nýr keisari varð <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matth%C3%ADas_(HRR)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matthías (HRR) (síða er ekki enn til)">Matthías</a>. <a href="/wiki/1614" title="1614">1614</a> sendi hann 16 þúsund manna her undir stjórn Spánverjans Spinola herforingja til Aachen. Þegar herinn birtist við borgarhliðin, urðu borgarbúar svo skelfdir að þeir gáfust upp án þess að einu einasta skoti hafði verið hleypt af. Spinola gekk hart fram gegn lúterstrúarmönnum. Nokkrir voru teknir af lífi, aðrir voru gerðir útlægir. Afleiðingarnar voru þær að kaþólska kirkjan varð einráð í Aachen þar til <a href="/wiki/Frakkland" title="Frakkland">Frakkar</a> hertóku borgina í upphafi <a href="/wiki/19._%C3%B6ldin" title="19. öldin">19. aldar</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bruninn_mikli_og_friðarsamningar"><span id="Bruninn_mikli_og_fri.C3.B0arsamningar"></span>Bruninn mikli og friðarsamningar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Breyti hluta: Bruninn mikli og friðarsamningar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Bruninn mikli og friðarsamningar"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Aachen-Kupferstich-Merian.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Aachen-Kupferstich-Merian.png/220px-Aachen-Kupferstich-Merian.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Aachen-Kupferstich-Merian.png/330px-Aachen-Kupferstich-Merian.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Aachen-Kupferstich-Merian.png/440px-Aachen-Kupferstich-Merian.png 2x" data-file-width="2756" data-file-height="1732" /></a><figcaption>Aachen 1647. Mynd eftir Matthäus Merian</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/1656" title="1656">1656</a> kom eldur upp í bakaríi í borginni. Eldurinn breiddist hratt út og næstu 20 tíma brann nær gjörvöll miðaldaborgin. Opinberar tölur segja til um að 4.664 hús af 5.300 hafi eyðilagst. Þó létust aðeins 17 manns í eldsvoðanum. Í kjölfarið var borgin endurreist sem einn glæsilegasti baðstaður Evrópu. Baðlæknirinn Francois Blondel frá Liége stjórnaði verkinu. Mikið af heldra fólki í Evrópu sótti böðin heim. Þeirra á meðal má nefna <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9tur_mikli" title="Pétur mikli">Pétur mikla</a> frá <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssland" title="Rússland">Rússlandi</a> og <a href="/wiki/Fri%C3%B0rik_2._Pr%C3%BAssakonungur" class="mw-redirect" title="Friðrik 2. Prússakonungur">Friðrik mikla</a> konungur <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%BAssland" title="Prússland">Prússlands</a>. Tvisvar fóru fram friðarsamningar í Aachen. <a href="/wiki/1668" title="1668">1668</a> sömdu Frakkar og <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A1nn" title="Spánn">Spánverjar</a> um frið í fransk-spænska stríðinu en í því hafði <a href="/wiki/Lo%C3%B0v%C3%ADk_14." title="Loðvík 14.">Loðvík XIV</a> tekið nokkur landsvæði af spænsku <a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%B0url%C3%B6nd" title="Niðurlönd">Niðurlöndum</a>. <a href="/wiki/1748" title="1748">1748</a> var aftur samið um frið í Aachen en að þessu sinni í <a href="/wiki/Austurr%C3%ADska_erf%C3%B0astr%C3%AD%C3%B0i%C3%B0" title="Austurríska erfðastríðið">austurríska erfðastríðinu</a>. Stríðið hafði verið nokkurs konar allsherjarstyrjöld í Evrópu og var einnig háð í nýlendum Evrópubúa í <a href="/wiki/Nor%C3%B0ur-Amer%C3%ADka" title="Norður-Ameríka">Norður-Ameríku</a> og <a href="/wiki/As%C3%ADa" title="Asía">Asíu</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frakkar">Frakkar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Breyti hluta: Frakkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Frakkar"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Franskur byltingarher þrammaði inn í borgina <a href="/wiki/1792" title="1792">1792</a> og plantaði friðartré á markaðstorginu. Þeir reyndu að koma hugmyndum um frelsi og réttlæti áleiðis. En <a href="/wiki/1._mars" title="1. mars">1. mars</a> <a href="/wiki/1793" title="1793">1793</a> sigruðu Austurríkismenn Frakka í orrustunni við Aldenhoven og frelsuðu Aachen. Það stóð þó stutt. <a href="/wiki/22._september" title="22. september">22. september</a> sama ár sigruðu Frakkar Austurríkismenn og hertóku borgina á nýjan leik. Að þessu sinni héldu Frakkar borginni og <a href="/wiki/1797" title="1797">1797</a> var hún innlimuð Frakklandi. <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon</a> var tíður gestur í Aachen og notaði þá böðin þar óspart. Eitt sinn var meira að segja <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3sef%C3%ADna_keisaraynja" class="mw-redirect" title="Jósefína keisaraynja">Jósefína keisaraynja</a> með í för til að njóta baðanna. Sonur Napoleons var skírður í Aachen <a href="/wiki/1811" title="1811">1811</a>. Hann lét rífa niður alla borgarmúra og umbreyta ásýnd borgarinnar. Eftir hrakfarir Napoleons í Rússlandi yfirgáfu Frakkar Aachen. <a href="/wiki/1815" title="1815">1815</a> úrskurðaði <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADnarfundurinn" title="Vínarfundurinn">Vínarfundurinn</a> að Aachen skyldi tilheyra Prússlandi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prússar"><span id="Pr.C3.BAssar"></span>Prússar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Breyti hluta: Prússar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Prússar"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/1818" title="1818">1818</a>, aðeins þremur árum eftir Vínarfundinn, var haldin Aachen-ráðstefnan. Á henni voru fulltrúar Prússlands, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">Englands</a>, Rússlands og Austurríkis mættir og ræddu þeir um stríðsskaðabæturnar sem Frakkar höfðu verið að greiða eftir Napoleonsstríðin. Þar var ákveðið að fella niður allar eftirstöðvar. Þjóðhöfðingjarnir sjálfir mættu til borgarinnar og sátu minningarguðsþjónustu um orrustuna við <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a> sem farið hafði fram fimm árum áður. Þetta voru <a href="/wiki/Fri%C3%B0rik_Vilhj%C3%A1lmur_III_(Pr%C3%BAssland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Friðrik Vilhjálmur III (Prússland)">Friðrik Vilhjálmur III</a> frá Prússlandi, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans_I_(HRR)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frans I (HRR) (síða er ekki enn til)">Frans I</a> frá Austurríki og <a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_(R%C3%BAssakeisari)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander I (Rússakeisari)">Alexander I</a> frá Rússlandi. <a href="/wiki/1830" title="1830">1830</a> var uppreisn meðal borgarbúa. Tilkoma <a href="/wiki/Gufuv%C3%A9l" title="Gufuvél">gufuvélarinnar</a> í vefnaðariðnaði í borginni hafði orsakað mikið atvinnuleysi og fátækt. <a href="/wiki/I%C3%B0nbyltingin" title="Iðnbyltingin">Iðnbyltingin</a> var hafin. <a href="/wiki/1841" title="1841">1841</a> fékk Aachen <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1rnbraut" class="mw-redirect" title="Járnbraut">járnbrautartengingu</a>. Teinarnir urðu að fara yfir Wurmdalinn. Til þess var reist 275 metra löng járnbrautarbrú og þótti þá mikið afrek. Hún er enn elsta þýska járnbrautarbrúin sem enn er í notkun. Íbúafjöldinn fór yfir 100 þúsund árið <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a> og í 150 þúsund <a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20._öldin"><span id="20._.C3.B6ldin"></span>20. öldin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Breyti hluta: 20. öldin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: 20. öldin"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Kriegsgefangene_in_Aachen_(1944).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Kriegsgefangene_in_Aachen_%281944%29.jpg/220px-Kriegsgefangene_in_Aachen_%281944%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Kriegsgefangene_in_Aachen_%281944%29.jpg/330px-Kriegsgefangene_in_Aachen_%281944%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Kriegsgefangene_in_Aachen_%281944%29.jpg/440px-Kriegsgefangene_in_Aachen_%281944%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2150" data-file-height="2980" /></a><figcaption>Þýskir stríðsfangar þramma um götur Aachen</figcaption></figure> <p>Í lok <a href="/wiki/Heimstyrj%C3%B6ldin_fyrri" class="mw-redirect" title="Heimstyrjöldin fyrri">heimstyrjaldarinnar fyrri</a> hertóku Frakkar og Belgar borgina. Frakkar yfirgáfu Aachen <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>, en Belgar ekki fyrr en á kreppuárinu <a href="/wiki/1929" title="1929">1929</a>. Eftir að <a href="/wiki/Nasismi" title="Nasismi">nasistar</a> náðu völdum í Aachen <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a>, reyndu borgarbúar að mótmæla með því að efna til helgigöngu. 800 þús manns tóku þátt í þessari göngu, sem er enn í dag ein mesta fjöldaganga þýskrar sögu. Í upphafi <a href="/wiki/Heimstyrj%C3%B6ldin_s%C3%AD%C3%B0ari" class="mw-redirect" title="Heimstyrjöldin síðari">heimstyrjaldarinnar síðari</a> voru 40 þúsund þýskir hermenn staðsettir í Aachen. Þeir tóku þátt í innrásinni í Hollandi. Aachen varð fyrir fimm loftárásum í stríðinu og eyðilagðist um 65% borgarinnar. <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a> létu nasistar rýma borgina að mestu og breyttu henni í vígi. Þeir höfðu á 5.000 manna herliði að skipa. Í <a href="/wiki/Okt%C3%B3ber" title="Október">október</a> réðust <a href="/wiki/Bandar%C3%ADkin" title="Bandaríkin">Bandaríkjamenn</a> á borgina og nærsveitir. Þeir náðu ekki að hertaka hana fyrr en eftir tveggja vikna bardaga og var hún þá fyrsta þýska borgin sem féll í hendur bandamanna. Aðeins 11 þús almennir borgarar voru þá eftir í borginni. Strax var hafist handa við að endurreisa Aachen og náði íbúatalan 100 þúsund á ný <a href="/wiki/1946" title="1946">1946</a> en hún var sett í hið nýstofnaða sambandsland Norðurrín-Vestfalíu. Bandaríkjamenn hurfu úr borginni og við tóku breskir og belgískir hermenn. <a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a> voru <a href="/wiki/Karlsver%C3%B0launin" title="Karlsverðlaunin">Karlsverðlaunin</a> stofnuð í Aachen, en það eru friðarverðlaun nefnd eftir Karlamagnúsi. Margir þekktir leiðtogar Evrópu hafa hlotið þessi verðlaun, þar á meðal <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gro_Harlem_Brundtland" title="Gro Harlem Brundtland">Gro Harlem Brundtland</a>, <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel" title="Václav Havel">Václav Havel</a> og <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3hannes_P%C3%A1ll_2." title="Jóhannes Páll 2.">Jóhannes Páll II páfi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Íþróttir"><span id=".C3.8D.C3.BEr.C3.B3ttir"></span>Íþróttir</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Breyti hluta: Íþróttir" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Íþróttir"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Í Aachen fór fyrsta alþjóða hestaíþróttin fram árið <a href="/wiki/1925" title="1925">1925</a>. Síðan þá hefur hestamót farið fram árlega í borginni. Hér er um stökkmót, göngumót (<i>Dressur</i>) og hestvagnahlaup að ræða, allt í senn. HM 2006 í hestaíþróttum fór fram í Aachen. </p><p>Aðalknattspyrnufélag borgarinnar er Alemannia Aachen sem leikur ýmist í 1. eða 2. deild. Besti árangur félagsins er 2. sæti <a href="/wiki/1969" title="1969">1969</a>. Liðið hefur þrisvar komist í úrslit bikarkeppninnar, síðast <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a> (tapaði þá fyrir <a href="/wiki/Werder_Bremen" class="mw-redirect" title="Werder Bremen">Werder Bremen</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viðburðir"><span id="Vi.C3.B0bur.C3.B0ir"></span>Viðburðir</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Breyti hluta: Viðburðir" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Viðburðir"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Bend_aachen_fairground_night_germany.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Bend_aachen_fairground_night_germany.jpg/250px-Bend_aachen_fairground_night_germany.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Bend_aachen_fairground_night_germany.jpg/330px-Bend_aachen_fairground_night_germany.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Bend_aachen_fairground_night_germany.jpg/500px-Bend_aachen_fairground_night_germany.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Loftmynd af skemmtigarðinum Öcher Bend</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Karneval er haldið að vori. Einkennandi fyrir hátíðina í Aachen er að þátttakendur eru að mestu í herklæðum en sá siður á uppruna sinn í hernámi Frakka á tímum Napoleons.</li> <li>Öcher Bend er heiti á leiktækjahátíð borgarinnar, en skemmtisvæðið nær yfir 40 þúsund m<sup>2</sup> svæði. Hátíðin er haldin tvisvar á ári (apríl og ágúst) og lýkur ávallt á flugeldasýningu.</li> <li>Jólamarkaður Aachen er einn þriggja stærstu og fegurstu jólamarkaða í Þýskalandi. Hann sækja 50 þús manns daglega á aðventunni, en 1,5 milljóns manns alls.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vinabæir"><span id="Vinab.C3.A6ir"></span>Vinabæir</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Breyti hluta: Vinabæir" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Vinabæir"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aachen viðheldur vinabæjatengslum við nokkrar borgir: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Röð</th> <th>Vinabær</th> <th>Land</th> <th>Síðan </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Frakkland" title="Frakkland">Frakklandi</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1967" title="1967">1967</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Halifax_(England)" class="mw-redirect" title="Halifax (England)">Halifax</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bretland" title="Bretland">Bretlandi</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toledo_(Sp%C3%A1nn)" class="mw-redirect" title="Toledo (Spánn)">Toledo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A1nn" title="Spánn">Spáni</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/K%C3%ADna" title="Kína">Kína</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naumburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naumburg (síða er ekki enn til)">Naumburg</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%BDskaland" title="Þýskaland">Þýskalandi</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arlington_(Virgin%C3%ADu)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arlington (Virginíu) (síða er ekki enn til)">Arlington</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virgin%C3%ADa_(fylki)" class="mw-redirect" title="Virginía (fylki)">Virginíu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bandar%C3%ADkin" title="Bandaríkin">BNA</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6f%C3%B0aborg" title="Höfðaborg">Höfðaborg</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Su%C3%B0ur-Afr%C3%ADka" title="Suður-Afríka">Suður-Afríku</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kostroma (síða er ekki enn til)">Kostroma</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssland" title="Rússland">Rússlandi</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Frægustu_börn_borgarinnar"><span id="Fr.C3.A6gustu_b.C3.B6rn_borgarinnar"></span>Frægustu börn borgarinnar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Breyti hluta: Frægustu börn borgarinnar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Frægustu börn borgarinnar"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Hasenclever&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Hasenclever (síða er ekki enn til)">Walter Hasenclever</a> rithöfundur</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Byggingar_og_kennileiti">Byggingar og kennileiti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Breyti hluta: Byggingar og kennileiti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Byggingar og kennileiti"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B3mkirkjan_%C3%AD_Aachen" title="Dómkirkjan í Aachen">Dómkirkjan í Aachen</a> er keisarakirkja Karlamagnúsar. Í kirkjunni hafa rúmlega 30 konungar þýska ríkisins verið krýndir. Karlamagnús og Otto III keisari hvíla í steinkistum í kirkjunni. Kirkjan er á heimsminjaskrá UNESCO.</li> <li><b>Ráðhúsið í Aachen</b> var reist á <a href="/wiki/14._%C3%B6ldin" title="14. öldin">14. öld</a> á lóð gamla kastalans sem Karlamagnús lét reisa (og er horfinn nú). Í húsinu er hinn svokallaði krýningarveislusalur. Þar eru stór málverk sem sýna fræga atburði úr lífi Karlamagnúsar. Á 17. og 18. öld var húsinu breytt í barokk-kastala.</li> <li><b>Marschiertor</b> er heiti á stærstu byggingu gömlu borgarmúranna sem enn stendur í dag. Hliðið er reyndar með allra stærstu borgarhliðum Vestur-Evrópu. Það var reist <a href="/wiki/1257" title="1257">1257</a> og þjónaði þá sem vopnahús. En á síðari árum hefur hliðið verið gistiheimili, geymsla og munaðarleysingahæli. Eftir skemmdir úr seinna stríðinu var gert við hliðið, þannig að úr varð einstaklega falleg bygging. Í vopnasalnum er pláss fyrir 200 manns í sæti og er hann notaður fyrir ýmsa viðburði.</li> <li><b>Frankenberg</b> er forn kastali sem menn töldu að Karlamagnús hafi látið reisa. En hann mun vera frá <a href="/wiki/13._%C3%B6ldin" title="13. öldin">13. öld</a> og var aðsetur greifanna þar. Greifinn Adam III barðist með Hollendingum í sjálfstæðisstríði þeirra gegn Spánverjum á <a href="/wiki/17._%C3%B6ldin" title="17. öldin">17. öld</a> og því réðust Spánverjar á virkið og eyðilögðu það að hluta. Það var endurreist <a href="/wiki/1661" title="1661">1661</a> en á <a href="/wiki/18._%C3%B6ldin" title="18. öldin">18. öld</a> var það mannlaust og grotnaði niður. Í upphafi <a href="/wiki/20._%C3%B6ldin" title="20. öldin">20. aldar</a> notaði flugvélasmiðurinn Hugo Junkers frá <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a> byggingarnar sem flugvélaverkstæði. Virkið eyðilagðist að nýju að hluta í loftárásum seinna stríðsins. <a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a> var lappað upp á nokkra hluta þess og þjónar í dag sem sögusafn.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Myndasafn">Myndasafn</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Breyti hluta: Myndasafn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Myndasafn"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <center> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Aachen_Germany_Imperial-Cathedral-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dómkirkjan"><img alt="Dómkirkjan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Aachen_Germany_Imperial-Cathedral-01.jpg/120px-Aachen_Germany_Imperial-Cathedral-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Aachen_Germany_Imperial-Cathedral-01.jpg/180px-Aachen_Germany_Imperial-Cathedral-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Aachen_Germany_Imperial-Cathedral-01.jpg/240px-Aachen_Germany_Imperial-Cathedral-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4690" data-file-height="3350" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dómkirkjan</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Aachen_Rathaus_pano.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ráðhúsið í Aachen"><img alt="Ráðhúsið í Aachen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Aachen_Rathaus_pano.jpg/120px-Aachen_Rathaus_pano.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Aachen_Rathaus_pano.jpg/180px-Aachen_Rathaus_pano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Aachen_Rathaus_pano.jpg/240px-Aachen_Rathaus_pano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3745" data-file-height="2730" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ráðhúsið í Aachen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Marschiertor_Aachen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Marschiertor"><img alt="Marschiertor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Marschiertor_Aachen.jpg/80px-Marschiertor_Aachen.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Marschiertor_Aachen.jpg/120px-Marschiertor_Aachen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Marschiertor_Aachen.jpg/160px-Marschiertor_Aachen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Marschiertor</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:BurgFrankenberg10.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Frankenberg-kastalinn"><img alt="Frankenberg-kastalinn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/BurgFrankenberg10.jpg/120px-BurgFrankenberg10.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/BurgFrankenberg10.jpg/180px-BurgFrankenberg10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/BurgFrankenberg10.jpg/240px-BurgFrankenberg10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1532" data-file-height="998" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Frankenberg-kastalinn</div> </li> </ul> </center> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tenglar">Tenglar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Breyti hluta: Tenglar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Tenglar"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aachen.de/">Borgin Aachen</a> - (þýska og að hluta til á ensku)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gearthhacks.com/dlfile11927/Aachen,-Germany,-Image-overlays.htm">Mynd af Aachen</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927012406/http://www.gearthhacks.com/dlfile11927/Aachen,-Germany,-Image-overlays.htm">Geymt</a> 27 september 2007 í <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> tekin með <a href="/wiki/Google_Earth" title="Google Earth">Google Earth</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tilvísanir"><span id="Tilv.C3.ADsanir"></span>Tilvísanir</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Breyti hluta: Tilvísanir" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Tilvísanir"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Geographische Namen in Deutschland. Duden. 1993. Bls. 29.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heimildir">Heimildir</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Breyti hluta: Heimildir" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Heimildir"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Fyrirmynd greinarinnar var „<i><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aachen" class="extiw" title="de:Aachen">Aachen</a></i>“ á <a href="/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%BDska" title="Þýska">þýsku</a> útgáfu <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>. Sótt apríl 2010.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1870427">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .side-box{background-color:#0f0f0f;color:white}}@media 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