CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Sinjar massacre - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"da09fcd9-6024-43dd-898c-5d43017c066c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Sinjar_massacre","wgTitle":"Sinjar massacre","wgCurRevisionId":1256484063,"wgRevisionId":1256484063,"wgArticleId":43472728,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","All articles with bare URLs for citations","Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022","Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations","Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use dmy dates from July 2024","Articles containing Kurdish-language text","Articles to be expanded from November 2015","All articles to be expanded","All articles with unsourced statements", "Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020","CS1 maint: ref duplicates default","Coordinates on Wikidata","Articles containing video clips","2014 murders in Iraq","Massacres in 2014","Military operations of the Iraqi Civil War in 2014","August 2014 events in Iraq","August 2014 crimes in Asia","Massacres of the War in Iraq (2013–2017) perpetrated by ISIL","Military operations of the War in Iraq (2013–2017) involving the Peshmerga","Military operations of the War in Iraq (2013–2017) involving Australia","Military operations of the War in Iraq (2013–2017) involving the People's Protection Units","Military operations of the War in Iraq (2013–2017) involving the PKK","Military operations of the War in Iraq (2013–2017) involving the United States","2014 in Iraqi Kurdistan","Persecution of Yazidis by ISIL","Terrorist incidents in Iraq in 2014","Islamic terrorist incidents in 2014","Persecution of Yazidis in Iraq","Massacres of ethnic groups","Persecution of Kurds in Iraq", "Sexual abuse scandals in Islam","Sexual violence during the War in Iraq (2013–2017)"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Sinjar_massacre","wgRelevantArticleId":43472728,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":36.3167,"lon":41.85},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition": "interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q17514354","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready", "ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.tmh.player","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Mountainside_fields.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="687"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Mountainside_fields.jpg/800px-Mountainside_fields.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="458"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Mountainside_fields.jpg/640px-Mountainside_fields.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="366"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Sinjar massacre - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinjar_massacre"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Sinjar_massacre&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinjar_massacre"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Sinjar_massacre rootpage-Sinjar_massacre skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Sinjar+massacre" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Sinjar+massacre" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Sinjar+massacre" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Sinjar+massacre" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ISIL_takeover_and_siege" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISIL_takeover_and_siege"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>ISIL takeover and siege</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ISIL_takeover_and_siege-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle ISIL takeover and siege subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ISIL_takeover_and_siege-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_offensive_by_night" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_offensive_by_night"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>The offensive by night</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_offensive_by_night-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Locals'_exodus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Locals'_exodus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Locals' exodus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Locals'_exodus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sinjar_mountains'_siege" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sinjar_mountains'_siege"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Sinjar mountains' siege</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sinjar_mountains'_siege-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Killings_throughout_the_Sinjar_area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Killings_throughout_the_Sinjar_area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Killings throughout the Sinjar area</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Killings_throughout_the_Sinjar_area-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Killings throughout the Sinjar area subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Killings_throughout_the_Sinjar_area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kocho_massacre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kocho_massacre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Kocho massacre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kocho_massacre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Counts_of_casualties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Counts_of_casualties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Counts of casualties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Counts_of_casualties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Refugee_crisis_in_the_Sinjar_Mountains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Refugee_crisis_in_the_Sinjar_Mountains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Refugee crisis in the Sinjar Mountains</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Refugee_crisis_in_the_Sinjar_Mountains-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Refugee crisis in the Sinjar Mountains subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Refugee_crisis_in_the_Sinjar_Mountains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Iraqi/US/UK/Australian_food_drops" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iraqi/US/UK/Australian_food_drops"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Iraqi/US/UK/Australian food drops</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iraqi/US/UK/Australian_food_drops-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._air_strikes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._air_strikes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>U.S. air strikes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._air_strikes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sinjar_rescue_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sinjar_rescue_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sinjar rescue operations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sinjar_rescue_operations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sinjar rescue operations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sinjar_rescue_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kurdish_PKK_and_YPG_clearing_a_path_for_Yazidis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kurdish_PKK_and_YPG_clearing_a_path_for_Yazidis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Kurdish PKK and YPG clearing a path for Yazidis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kurdish_PKK_and_YPG_clearing_a_path_for_Yazidis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mountain_siege_ends,_U.S._rescue_mission_canceled" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mountain_siege_ends,_U.S._rescue_mission_canceled"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Mountain siege ends, U.S. rescue mission canceled</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mountain_siege_ends,_U.S._rescue_mission_canceled-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_responses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_responses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>International responses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_responses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International responses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_responses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Western_military_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_military_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Western military response</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_military_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_bodies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_bodies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>International bodies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_bodies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NGOs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NGOs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>NGOs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NGOs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Aftermath subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sinjar_offensive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sinjar_offensive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Sinjar offensive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sinjar_offensive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Return_of_Yazidi_population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_of_Yazidi_population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Return of Yazidi population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_of_Yazidi_population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sinjar massacre</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="مجزرة سنجار – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مجزرة سنجار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazhadeg_Sinjar" title="Lazhadeg Sinjar – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lazhadeg Sinjar" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massacre_de_Sinjar" title="Massacre de Sinjar – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Massacre de Sinjar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masakr_v_Sind%C5%BE%C3%A1ru" title="Masakr v Sindžáru – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Masakr v Sindžáru" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masacre_de_Sinyar" title="Masacre de Sinyar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Masacre de Sinyar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masakro_de_Sin%C4%9Dar" title="Masakro de Sinĝar – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Masakro de Sinĝar" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massacres_de_Sinjar" title="Massacres de Sinjar – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Massacres de Sinjar" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%A6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80_(2014)" title="Եզդիների կոտորածներ (2014) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Եզդիների կոտորածներ (2014)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%91%D7%97_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%27%D7%90%D7%A8" title="טבח סינג'אר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טבח סינג'אר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szindzs%C3%A1ri_m%C3%A9sz%C3%A1rl%C3%A1s" title="Szindzsári mészárlás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szindzsári mészárlás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massamoorden_in_Sinjar" title="Massamoorden in Sinjar – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Massamoorden in Sinjar" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massacre_de_Sinjar" title="Massacre de Sinjar – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Massacre de Sinjar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%DB%95%DA%B5%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%B4%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84" title="کۆمەڵکوژیی شەنگال – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆمەڵکوژیی شەنگال" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17514354#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_massacre" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Sinjar_massacre" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_massacre"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinjar_massacre&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinjar_massacre&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_massacre"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinjar_massacre&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinjar_massacre&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Sinjar_massacre" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Sinjar_massacre" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinjar_massacre&oldid=1256484063" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinjar_massacre&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Sinjar_massacre&id=1256484063&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSinjar_massacre"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSinjar_massacre"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Sinjar_massacre&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinjar_massacre&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17514354" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sinjar_massacre&params=36.3167_N_41.8500_E_source:wikidata-and-enwiki-cat-tree_region:IQ"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°19′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">41°51′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.3167°N 41.8500°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.3167; 41.8500</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Mass genocide and kidnapping carried out by ISIS</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Sinjar massacre</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Civil_War_(2014-2017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Civil War (2014-2017)">Iraqi Civil War (2014-2017)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(August_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)">2014 Northern Iraq offensive</a>, the <a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–present)">American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–present)</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Yazidi_genocide" title="Yazidi genocide">Yazidi genocide</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mountainside_fields.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Mountainside_fields.jpg/300px-Mountainside_fields.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Mountainside_fields.jpg/450px-Mountainside_fields.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Mountainside_fields.jpg/600px-Mountainside_fields.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="586" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinjar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Sinjar">Mount Sinjar</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>August 2014<span class="noprint">; 10 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2014-08</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_District" title="Sinjar District">Sinjar District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Governorate" title="Nineveh Governorate">Nineveh Governorate</a>, Iraq</div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <ul><li>ISIL captured Sinjar<sup id="cite_ref-seize3_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seize3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and executed thousands of <a href="/wiki/Yazidis" title="Yazidis">Yazidis</a> and abducted thousands of Yazidi women and children<sup id="cite_ref-5,000_Yazidis_executed_by_ISIL_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5,000_Yazidis_executed_by_ISIL-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-plosmedicine_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plosmedicine-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YPG" class="mw-redirect" title="YPG">YPG</a> and <a href="/wiki/PKK" class="mw-redirect" title="PKK">PKK</a>, supported by US and British airstrikes, evacuate the majority of the 50,000 Yazidis trapped on Mount Sinjar, 9–13 August</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Region" title="Kurdistan Region">Kurdistan Region</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peshmerga" title="Peshmerga">Peshmerga</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party">Kurdistan Workers' Party</a><sup id="cite_ref-vice-16aug2014_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vice-16aug2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-reuters-26aug_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-26aug-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-globalpost-29aug_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-globalpost-29aug-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:People%27s_Protection_Units_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/People%27s_Protection_Units_Flag.svg/25px-People%27s_Protection_Units_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/People%27s_Protection_Units_Flag.svg/38px-People%27s_Protection_Units_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/People%27s_Protection_Units_Flag.svg/50px-People%27s_Protection_Units_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Protection_Units" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Protection Units">People's Protection Units</a><sup id="cite_ref-vice-16aug2014_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vice-16aug2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-reuters-26aug_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-26aug-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-globalpost-29aug_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-globalpost-29aug-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_YB%C5%9E.svg/23px-Flag_of_YB%C5%9E.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_YB%C5%9E.svg/35px-Flag_of_YB%C5%9E.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_YB%C5%9E.svg/46px-Flag_of_YB%C5%9E.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="172" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sinjar_Resistance_Units" title="Sinjar Resistance Units">Sinjar Resistance Units</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/MFS_infobox_flag.png/23px-MFS_infobox_flag.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/MFS_infobox_flag.png/35px-MFS_infobox_flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/MFS_infobox_flag.png/45px-MFS_infobox_flag.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Military_Council" title="Syriac Military Council">Syriac Military Council</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <p><b>Supported by:</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a><sup id="cite_ref-nbc_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbc-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a><sup id="cite_ref-the_guardian_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-the_guardian-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Region" title="Kurdistan Region"><img alt="Kurdistan Region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Massoud_Barzani" class="mw-redirect" title="Massoud Barzani">Massoud Barzani</a><br />(Kurdistan Region)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Murat_Karayilan" class="mw-redirect" title="Murat Karayilan">Murat Karayilan</a><br />(PKK)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq"><img alt="Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Maj. Gen. Majid Abdul Salam Ashour <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><sup id="cite_ref-helicopter_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-helicopter-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Air_Force" title="Iraqi Air Force">Iraqi Air Force</a>)</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a></b><br />(Leader)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Muhannad_al-Suwaydawi" title="Abu Muhannad al-Suwaydawi">Abu Muhannad al-Suwaydawi</a><br />(Head of Military Shura)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ibrahim_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">al-Hajj Abdullah</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(Deputy to al-Baghdadi)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Muslim_al-Turkmani" title="Abu Muslim al-Turkmani">Abu Muslim al-Turkmani</a><br />(Deputy, Iraq)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>3,000 killed (approximately 12,000 Yazidis were killed or abducted by IS; per <a href="/wiki/Yazda" title="Yazda">Yazda</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>5,000 killed (per U.N.)<sup id="cite_ref-5,000_Yazidis_executed_by_ISIL_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5,000_Yazidis_executed_by_ISIL-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2,100 to 4,400 killed and 4,200 to 10,800 abducted (2017 Plos Medical survey)<sup id="cite_ref-plosmedicine_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plosmedicine-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>500,000 displaced<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="War_in_Iraq_(2013–2017)" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="Template:Campaignbox War in Iraq (2013–2017)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="Template talk:Campaignbox War in Iraq (2013–2017)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox War in Iraq (2013–2017)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="War_in_Iraq_(2013–2017)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)"><span class="wrap">War in Iraq <br />(2013–2017)</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Battles and operations</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anbar_campaign_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Anbar campaign (2013–2014)">1st Anbar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Fallujah" title="Fall of Fallujah">1st Fallujah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)">1st Northern Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Mosul" title="Fall of Mosul">1st Mosul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badush_prison_massacre" title="Badush prison massacre">Badush prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Speicher_massacre" title="Camp Speicher massacre">Camp Speicher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kirkuk_(2014)" title="Battle of Kirkuk (2014)">1st Kirkuk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(August_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)">2nd Northern Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zumar" title="Battle of Zumar">Zumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Makhmour" title="Battle of Makhmour">Makhmour</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1st Sinjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Mosul_Dam" title="Battle for Mosul Dam">Mosul Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sharfadin_Temple" title="Battle of Sharfadin Temple">Sharfadin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musab_bin_Umair_mosque_massacre" title="Musab bin Umair mosque massacre">Musab bin Umair mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Suq_al_Ghazi" title="Battle of Suq al Ghazi">Suq al-Ghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Saqlawiyah" title="Siege of Saqlawiyah">Saqlawiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_H%C4%ABt_(2014)" title="Fall of Hīt (2014)">1st Hīt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Jurf_Al_Sakhar" title="Liberation of Jurf Al Sakhar">Jurf al-Sakhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salahuddin_campaign" title="Salahuddin campaign">Salahuddin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Baiji" title="Fall of Baiji">1st Baiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Amirli" title="Siege of Amirli">Siege of Amirli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Tikrit" title="First Battle of Tikrit">1st Tikrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baiji_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)">2nd Baiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baiji_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)">3rd Baiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhuluiya_offensive" title="Dhuluiya offensive">Dhuluiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Tikrit" title="Second Battle of Tikrit">2nd Tikrit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2014–2015)">1st Ramadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2014_Sinjar_offensive" title="December 2014 Sinjar offensive">2nd Sinjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosul_offensive_(2015)" title="Mosul offensive (2015)">2nd Mosul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kirkuk_(2015)" title="Battle of Kirkuk (2015)">2nd Kirkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Karmah_offensive" title="Al-Karmah offensive">Al-Karmah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anbar_campaign_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Anbar campaign (2015–2016)">2nd Anbar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2015–2016)">2nd Ramadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fallujah_(2016)" title="Siege of Fallujah (2016)">2nd Fallujah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hit_(2016)" title="Battle of Hit (2016)">2nd Hīt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ar-Rutbah_(2016)" title="Battle of Ar-Rutbah (2016)">Ar-Rutbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="Third Battle of Fallujah">3rd Fallujah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Sinjar_offensive" title="November 2015 Sinjar offensive">3rd Sinjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Plains_offensive" title="Nineveh Plains offensive">Nineveh Plains offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirqat_offensive_(2016)" title="Shirqat offensive (2016)">Shirqat offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)">3rd Mosul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)">4th Mosul</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Mosul_airstrike" title="2017 Mosul airstrike">Mosul airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Nineveh_offensive_(2017)" title="Western Nineveh offensive (2017)">Western Nineveh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kirkuk_(2016)" title="Battle of Kirkuk (2016)">3rd Kirkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamam_al-Alil_massacre" title="Hamam al-Alil massacre">Hamam al-Alil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_clashes_(2017)" title="Sinjar clashes (2017)">4th Sinjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2017_Turkish_airstrikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq" title="April 2017 Turkish airstrikes in Syria and Iraq">Turkish Sinjar airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tal_Afar_(2017)" title="Battle of Tal Afar (2017)">Tal Afar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Anbar_offensive_(2017)" title="Western Anbar offensive (2017)">Western Anbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hawija" title="Battle of Hawija">Hawija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_conflict" title="2017 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict">Iraqi–Kurdish conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kirkuk_(2017)" title="Battle of Kirkuk (2017)">4th Kirkuk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Western_Iraq_campaign" title="2017 Western Iraq campaign">Western Iraq</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Major insurgent attacks</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Hillah_bombing" title="2014 Hillah bombing">1st Hillah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2015_Baghdad_bombings" title="February 2015 Baghdad bombings">1st Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Khan_Bani_Saad_bombing" title="2015 Khan Bani Saad bombing">Khan Bani Saad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2015_Baghdad_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="August 2015 Baghdad bombing">2nd Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2016_Iraq_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="January 2016 Iraq attacks">Sharaban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Ramadi_bombing" title="2016 Ramadi bombing">Ramadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Mosul_massacre" title="2016 Mosul massacre">Mosul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="February 2016 Baghdad bombings">3rd Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miqdadiyah_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Miqdadiyah bombing">Miqdadiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2016_Hillah_suicide_truck_bombing" title="March 2016 Hillah suicide truck bombing">2nd Hillah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskandariya_suicide_bombing" title="Iskandariya suicide bombing">Iskandariya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2016_Baghdad_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="April 2016 Baghdad bombing">4th Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Samawa_bombing" title="2016 Samawa bombing">Samawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_May_2016_Baghdad_bombings" title="11 May 2016 Baghdad bombings">5th Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Madrid_fan_club_massacres" title="Real Madrid fan club massacres">1st Balad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Taji_gas_plant_attack" title="2016 Taji gas plant attack">Taji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2016 Baghdad bombings">6th Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Karrada_bombing" title="2016 Karrada bombing">7th Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Ali_al-Hadi_Mausoleum_attack" title="Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hadi Mausoleum attack">2nd Balad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9_September_2016_Baghdad_bombings" title="9 September 2016 Baghdad bombings">8th Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2016_Baghdad_attacks" title="October 2016 Baghdad attacks">9th Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2016_Hillah_suicide_truck_bombing" title="November 2016 Hillah suicide truck bombing">3rd Hillah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2016_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="December 2016 Baghdad bombings">10th Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2,_2017,_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="January 2, 2017, Baghdad bombings">11th Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Tikrit_attacks" title="2017 Tikrit attacks">Tikrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Faqma_ice_cream_parlor_bombing" title="Al-Faqma ice cream parlor bombing">12th Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Nasiriyah_attacks" title="2017 Nasiriyah attacks">Nasiriyah</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Foreign interventions</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Iranian intervention in Iraq (2014–present)">Iranian-led intervention</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">American-led intervention</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Operation Inherent Resolve"><i>Inherent Resolve</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Shader" title="Operation Shader"><i>Shader</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Okra" title="Operation Okra"><i>Okra</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Chammal" title="Opération Chammal"><i>Chammal</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Impact" title="Operation Impact"><i>Impact</i></a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>IS genocide of minorities</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Persecution of Christians by the Islamic State">Christian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Yazidis_by_the_Islamic_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide of Yazidis by the Islamic State">Yazidi genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Shias_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Persecution of Shias by the Islamic State">Shia genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen_genocide" title="Iraqi Turkmen genocide">Turkmen genocide</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>IS war crimes</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_executions_in_Islamic_State-occupied_Mosul" title="Mass executions in Islamic State-occupied Mosul">Mosul executions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_chemical_weapons_in_the_War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="Use of chemical weapons in the War in Iraq (2013–2017)">Chemical weapons</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Timeline</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Iraqi_insurgency_(2013)" title="Timeline of the Iraqi insurgency (2013)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2014)" title="Timeline of the War in Iraq (2014)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2015)" title="Timeline of the War in Iraq (2015)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2016)" title="Timeline of the War in Iraq (2016)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2017)" title="Timeline of the War in Iraq (2017)">2017</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>Sinjar massacre</b> (<a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish</a>: <i lang="ku" dir="rtl">Komkujiya Şengalê</i>) marked the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Yazidis_by_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide of Yazidis by ISIL">genocide of Yazidis by ISIL</a>, the killing and abduction of thousands<sup id="cite_ref-5,000_Yazidis_executed_by_ISIL_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5,000_Yazidis_executed_by_ISIL-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-plosmedicine_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plosmedicine-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CNN7Aug_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN7Aug-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/Yazidis" title="Yazidis">Yazidi</a> men, women and children. It took place in August 2014 in <a href="/wiki/Sinjar" title="Sinjar">Sinjar</a> city and <a href="/wiki/Sinjar_District" title="Sinjar District">Sinjar District</a> in Iraq's <a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Governorate" title="Nineveh Governorate">Nineveh Governorate</a> and was perpetrated by the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a> (ISIL). The massacre began with ISIL attacking and capturing Sinjar and neighboring towns on 3 August, during its <a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(August_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)">Northern Iraq offensive</a>. </p><p>On 8 August 2014, the United States and the United Kingdom responded with airstrikes on ISIL units and convoys in northern <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, which led to <a href="/wiki/Military_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Military intervention against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">a military intervention from several countries against ISIL</a>. </p><p>On 17 December 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish people">Kurdish</a> <a href="/wiki/Peshmerga" title="Peshmerga">Peshmerga</a>, <a href="/wiki/PKK" class="mw-redirect" title="PKK">PKK</a> and <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Protection_Units" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Protection Units">YPG</a> forces started the <a href="/wiki/December_2014_Sinjar_offensive" title="December 2014 Sinjar offensive">December 2014 Sinjar offensive</a> with the support of US and British airstrikes. This offensive broke ISIL's troop transport routes and supply lines between <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosul</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raqqa" title="Raqqa">Raqqa</a>, the largest cities in the hands of ISIL at the time. </p><p>According to Noori Abdulrahman, the head of the Department of Coordination and Follow-up of the <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Regional_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdistan Regional Government">Kurdistan Regional Government</a>, ISIL wanted to push most of the Kurds out of strategic areas and bring in Arabs who were obedient to ISIL.<sup id="cite_ref-rudaw_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rudaw-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinjar_massacre&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)">Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)</a></div> <p>Sinjar was predominantly inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Yazidis" title="Yazidis">Yazidis</a> before the arrival of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a>. </p><p>On 29 June 2014, the Islamic State declared a <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">caliphate</a> in the contiguous areas of <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> it controlled, after it had made significant advances in northern Iraq during the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)">Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)</a>. After Iraqi federal military forces fled from the advancing ISIL troops, local residents seized their abandoned weapons in case of an attack by the Islamic State.<sup id="cite_ref-The_betrayal_of_Shingal_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_betrayal_of_Shingal-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Regional_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdistan Regional Government">Kurdistan Regional Government</a> <a href="/wiki/Peshmerga" title="Peshmerga">Peshmerga</a> fighters then moved into and took control of much of the abandoned territory in northern <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> from their stronghold in the <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Region" title="Kurdistan Region">Kurdistan Region</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Reut9-8_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reut9-8-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-arab2-8-14_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arab2-8-14-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Peshmerga confiscated the weapons the Iraqi Army had abandoned, assuring residents that they would protect them.<sup id="cite_ref-The_betrayal_of_Shingal_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_betrayal_of_Shingal-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ISIL_takeover_and_siege">ISIL takeover and siege</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinjar_massacre&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: ISIL takeover and siege"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_offensive_by_night">The offensive by night</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinjar_massacre&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The offensive by night"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As ISIL attacked <a href="/wiki/Sinjar" title="Sinjar">Sinjar</a> and neighboring cities, the Iraqi Kurdish Peshmerga fighters in Sinjar abandoned the city, leaving the civilians behind without warning.<sup id="cite_ref-globalpost-29aug_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-globalpost-29aug-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is general agreement that the majority of the forces in Shingal on that day were affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Democratic_Party" title="Kurdistan Democratic Party">KDP</a>, despite wildly varying estimates as to troop levels. KDP commanders claim that there were 2,000–4,000 KDP troops in the area. Similarly, Shex Alo, the KDP frontline commander for Shingal section, claims that there were 2,000 KDP fighters in the area, along with one additional Peshmerga brigade and PUK units. Meanwhile most others, including but not limited to <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Az%C3%AEdxan_Protection_Force" title="Êzîdxan Protection Force">HPÊ</a> commander Haydar Shesho and Senior <a href="/wiki/Gorran_Movement" title="Gorran Movement">Gorran Movement</a> official Mustafa Saed Qadir who was the Minister of Peshmerga Affairs at the time and had some Peshmerga brigades in Shingal under his control, estimate that there were many more, around 11,000–15,000 troops stationed.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The villagers defended themselves with their own weapons, but ISIL fighters shelled them with mortars. By 3 a.m., ISIL fighters had broken through, and began killing anyone seen outdoors.<sup id="cite_ref-globalpost-29aug_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-globalpost-29aug-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the morning of 3 August 2014, ISIL forces captured the city of <a href="/wiki/Sinjar" title="Sinjar">Sinjar</a><sup id="cite_ref-seize3_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seize3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the Sinjar area.<sup id="cite_ref-aljaz5-8-14_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aljaz5-8-14-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ISIL then detonated the <a href="/wiki/Sayyidah_Zaynab_Mosque_(Sinjar)" title="Sayyidah Zaynab Mosque (Sinjar)">Sayyidah Zaynab Mosque</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sinjar" title="Sinjar">Sinjar</a>, executed resisters, and demanded the residents swear allegiance and convert to Islam or be killed.<sup id="cite_ref-seize3_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seize3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Locals'_exodus"><span id="Locals.27_exodus"></span>Locals' exodus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinjar_massacre&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Locals' exodus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the surrounding villages, many residents fled immediately.<sup id="cite_ref-aljaz5-8-14_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aljaz5-8-14-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Yazidis, ISIL fighters asked the remaining Yazidis to convert to Islam or face death, and ISIL <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> accounts posted images of murders in the Sinjar area.<sup id="cite_ref-aljaz5-8-14_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aljaz5-8-14-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Almost 200,000 civilians, mostly <a href="/wiki/Yazidis" title="Yazidis">Yazidis</a> along with <a href="/wiki/Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia">Shia</a>, managed to flee from the fighting in <a href="/wiki/Sinjar" title="Sinjar">Sinjar</a> city.<sup id="cite_ref-seize3_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seize3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC7Aug_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC7Aug-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sinjar_mountains'_siege"><span id="Sinjar_mountains.27_siege"></span>Sinjar mountains' siege</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinjar_massacre&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sinjar mountains' siege"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>About 50,000 Yazidis fled into the <a href="/wiki/Sinjar_Mountains" title="Sinjar Mountains">Sinjar Mountains</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-BBC7Aug_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC7Aug-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where they were trapped without food, water or medical care<sup id="cite_ref-cnn_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and faced starvation and dehydration.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC7Aug_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC7Aug-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The U.S. government, Kurdish <a href="/wiki/Peshmerga" title="Peshmerga">Peshmerga</a> forces, and Western media reported that thousands of Yazidis in the <a href="/wiki/Sinjar_Mountains" title="Sinjar Mountains">Sinjar Mountains</a> were under siege by ISIL.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT13-8-14_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT13-8-14-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dw_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dw-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC19Dec14_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC19Dec14-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Independent_19th_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Independent_19th-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Boring22Dec14_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boring22Dec14-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tahseen_Said" title="Tahseen Said">Tahseen Said</a>, the emir of the Yazidis, issued an appeal to world leaders on 3 August 2014, asking for humanitarian help to aid those who were besieged by ISIL.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 4 August, Kurdish fighters reportedly battled ISIL to retake Sinjar.<sup id="cite_ref-cnn_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Killings_throughout_the_Sinjar_area">Killings throughout the Sinjar area</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinjar_massacre&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Killings throughout the Sinjar area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 7 August 2014, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> reported that ISIL had executed dozens of Yazidi men in <a href="/wiki/Sinjar" title="Sinjar">Sinjar</a> city and had taken their wives for forced marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT7-8-14_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT7-8-14-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also reported that ISIL fighters executed ten caretakers of the <a href="/wiki/Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia">Shia</a> Sayeda Zeinab shrine in Sinjar before blowing it up.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the siege of Mount Sinjar was continuing, ISIL killed hundreds of Yazidis in at least six of the nearby villages. 250–300 men were killed in the village of <a href="/wiki/Hardan_(Iraq)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardan (Iraq)">Hardan</a>, 200 between Adnaniya and Jazeera, 70–90 in <a href="/wiki/Qiniyeh" title="Qiniyeh">Qiniyeh</a>, and on the road out of al-Shimal witnesses reported seeing dozens of bodies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOHCHRUNAMI201414_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOHCHRUNAMI201414-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hundreds of others had also been killed for refusing to convert to Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-5,000_Yazidis_executed_by_ISIL_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5,000_Yazidis_executed_by_ISIL-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kocho_massacre">Kocho massacre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinjar_massacre&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Kocho massacre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Kocho,_Iraq#Genocide_in_Kocho" title="Kocho, Iraq">Kocho, Iraq § Genocide in Kocho</a></div> <p>On 15 August 2014, in the Yazidi village of <a href="/wiki/Kocho_(Iraq)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kocho (Iraq)">Kocho</a>, south of Sinjar, over 80 men were killed after refusing to convert to Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-edition.cnn.com_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edition.cnn.com-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-New_York_Magazine_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_York_Magazine-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A witness recounted that the villagers were first converted under duress,<sup id="cite_ref-TT20140824_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TT20140824-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to reports from survivors interviewed by <a href="/wiki/OHCHR" class="mw-redirect" title="OHCHR">OHCHR</a>, on 15 August, the entire male population of the Yazidi village of Kocho, up to 400 men, were rounded up and shot by ISIL, and up to 1,000 women and children were abducted. </p><p>On the same day, up to 200 Yazidi men were reportedly executed for refusing conversion in a Tal Afar prison.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOHCHRUNAMI201414_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOHCHRUNAMI201414-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The massacres took place at least until 25 August when ISIL executed 14 elderly Yazidi men in <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Mand" title="Sheikh Mand">Sheikh Mand</a> Shrine in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jidala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jidala (page does not exist)">Jidala</a>, western Sinjar, and blew up the shrine there.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOHCHRUNAMI201415_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOHCHRUNAMI201415-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Counts_of_casualties">Counts of casualties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinjar_massacre&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Counts of casualties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A civilian reported that on 3 August 2014 alone, 2,000 Yazidis had been killed throughout the <a href="/wiki/Sinjar_District" title="Sinjar District">Sinjar District</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN7Aug_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN7Aug-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NY6-8-14_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NY6-8-14-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Yazidi member of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Representatives_of_Iraq" title="Council of Representatives of Iraq">Council of Representatives of Iraq</a> said that between 2 and 5 August 500 Yazidi men had been killed in the city of <a href="/wiki/Sinjar" title="Sinjar">Sinjar</a> by ISIL, women had been killed or sold into slavery, and 70 children had died from thirst or suffocation while fleeing the ISIL advance.<sup id="cite_ref-cnn_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the findings of a joint October 2014 report of the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights">OHCHR</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Assistance_Mission_for_Iraq" title="United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq">UNAMI</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOHCHRUNAMI2014_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOHCHRUNAMI2014-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ISIL had massacred up to 5,000 Yazidi men during August 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-5,000_Yazidis_executed_by_ISIL_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5,000_Yazidis_executed_by_ISIL-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Region" title="Kurdistan Region">Kurdistan Region</a> estimated in December 2014 that the total number of killed or missing Yazidi men, women and children from Sinjar since August amounted to around 4,000.<sup id="cite_ref-rudaw_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rudaw-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2017 report by the <a href="/wiki/PLOS_Medicine" title="PLOS Medicine">PLOS Medical Journal</a> estimated between 2,100 and 4,400 deaths and 4,200 to 10,800 abductions.<sup id="cite_ref-plosmedicine_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plosmedicine-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Refugee_crisis_in_the_Sinjar_Mountains">Refugee crisis in the Sinjar Mountains</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinjar_massacre&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Refugee crisis in the Sinjar Mountains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iraqi/US/UK/Australian_food_drops"><span id="Iraqi.2FUS.2FUK.2FAustralian_food_drops"></span>Iraqi/US/UK/Australian food drops</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinjar_massacre&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Iraqi/US/UK/Australian food drops"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–present)">American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–present)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Obama_Dempsey_Meeting_on_Iraq_Airstrikes_August_7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Obama_Dempsey_Meeting_on_Iraq_Airstrikes_August_7.jpg/220px-Obama_Dempsey_Meeting_on_Iraq_Airstrikes_August_7.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Obama_Dempsey_Meeting_on_Iraq_Airstrikes_August_7.jpg/330px-Obama_Dempsey_Meeting_on_Iraq_Airstrikes_August_7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Obama_Dempsey_Meeting_on_Iraq_Airstrikes_August_7.jpg/440px-Obama_Dempsey_Meeting_on_Iraq_Airstrikes_August_7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3422" data-file-height="2333" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">President Obama</a> meeting with his national security advisors on 7 August 2014</figcaption></figure> <p>40,000 or more <a href="/wiki/Yazidis" title="Yazidis">Yazidis</a> were trapped in the <a href="/wiki/Sinjar_Mountains" title="Sinjar Mountains">Sinjar Mountains</a> and mostly surrounded by ISIL forces<sup id="cite_ref-guar8-8-14_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guar8-8-14-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who were firing on them.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were largely without food, water or medical care,<sup id="cite_ref-cnn_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> facing starvation and dehydration.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC7Aug_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC7Aug-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 5 August 2014, Iraqi military helicopters reportedly dropped some food and water for the Yazidis in the mountains.<sup id="cite_ref-aljaz5-8-14_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aljaz5-8-14-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The US began their own supply drops on 7 August and the UK participated 3 days later.<sup id="cite_ref-abc7Aug14_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc7Aug14-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> French aid was also promised.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 12 August, an Iraqi military helicopter, piloted by Maj. Gen. Majid Abdul Salam Ashour, crashed in the mountains while delivering aid and rescuing stranded Yazidi refugees.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The general was killed in the crash,<sup id="cite_ref-Iraqi_general_killed_in_crash_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iraqi_general_killed_in_crash-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while most of the passengers, including Iraqi MP <a href="/wiki/Vian_Dakhil" title="Vian Dakhil">Vian Dakhil</a>, were injured.<sup id="cite_ref-helicopter_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-helicopter-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 13 August, a 16-aircraft mission including US C-17s and C-130Hs, an Australian C-130J, and a British C-130J delivered supplies to mostly Yezidi civilians stranded on Mount Sinjar.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._air_strikes">U.S. air strikes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinjar_massacre&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: U.S. air strikes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%93present)#Obama's_decision_for_airstrikes" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–present)">American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–present) § Obama's decision for airstrikes</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/U.S._FA-18_Super_Hornet_strikes_in_Iraq_August_8_2014.ogv/220px--U.S._FA-18_Super_Hornet_strikes_in_Iraq_August_8_2014.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="158" data-durationhint="14" data-mwtitle="U.S._FA-18_Super_Hornet_strikes_in_Iraq_August_8_2014.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:U.S._FA-18_Super_Hornet_strikes_in_Iraq_August_8_2014.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/U.S._FA-18_Super_Hornet_strikes_in_Iraq_August_8_2014.ogv/U.S._FA-18_Super_Hornet_strikes_in_Iraq_August_8_2014.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="344" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/U.S._FA-18_Super_Hornet_strikes_in_Iraq_August_8_2014.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="480" data-height="344" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/U.S._FA-18_Super_Hornet_strikes_in_Iraq_August_8_2014.ogv/U.S._FA-18_Super_Hornet_strikes_in_Iraq_August_8_2014.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="334" data-height="240" /></video></span><figcaption>U.S. <a href="/wiki/FA-18" class="mw-redirect" title="FA-18">F/A-18</a> fighters bomb ISIL <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a> targets on 8 August</figcaption></figure> <p>On 7 August 2014, the U.S. President, <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>, stated that the U.S. was starting air strikes to prevent a potential massacre (<a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a>) by ISIL of thousands of <a href="/wiki/Yazidis" title="Yazidis">Yazidis</a> trapped in the <a href="/wiki/Sinjar_Mountains" title="Sinjar Mountains">Sinjar Mountains</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Obama7Aug14_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obama7Aug14-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Obama further defended his decision by saying: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The world is confronted by many challenges. And while America has never been able to right every wrong, America has made the world a more secure and prosperous place. And our leadership is necessary to underwrite the global security and prosperity that our children and our grandchildren will depend upon. We do so by adhering to a set of core principles. We do whatever is necessary to protect our people. We support our allies when they're in danger. We lead coalitions of countries to uphold international norms. And we strive to stay true to the fundamental values – the desire to live with basic freedom and dignity – that is common to human beings wherever they are. That's why people all over the world look to the United States of America to lead. And that's why we do it.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>On 8 August 2014, US airstrikes were launched in the <a href="/wiki/Erbil" title="Erbil">Erbil</a> area, 180 km east of Sinjar. The first airstrikes in the Mount Sinjar area were reported on 9 August, when the US launched four strikes against armored fighting vehicles of ISIL fighters threatening civilians on Mount Sinjar.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The continued Iraqi airdrops of food and water in the Sinjar Mountains and their picking up of some Yazidis were also backed up by the U.S. airstrikes.<sup id="cite_ref-cnn13-8-14_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn13-8-14-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the air strikes, the U.S. government spent five days discussing the possibilities and necessity of a rescue operation with U.S. ground troops or U.S. airlifts.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT13-8-14_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT13-8-14-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sinjar_rescue_operations">Sinjar rescue operations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinjar_massacre&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sinjar rescue operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kurdish_PKK_and_YPG_clearing_a_path_for_Yazidis">Kurdish PKK and YPG clearing a path for Yazidis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinjar_massacre&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Kurdish PKK and YPG clearing a path for Yazidis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Between 9<sup id="cite_ref-hurr11-3-14_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hurr11-3-14-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 11 August 2014,<sup id="cite_ref-globalpost-29aug14_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-globalpost-29aug14-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a safe corridor was established from the mountain enabling 10,000 people to evacuate on the first day.<sup id="cite_ref-hurr11-3-14_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hurr11-3-14-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kurdish fighters of <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party">Kurdistan Workers' Party</a> (PKK) entered the <a href="/wiki/Sinjar_Mountains" title="Sinjar Mountains">Sinjar Mountains</a> with trucks and tractors to carry out the sick and elderly into Syria via a path that was cleared by Syrian Kurdish militants (<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Protection_Units" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Protection Units">YPG</a>). According to Dr. Salim Hassan, a professor at the University of <a href="/wiki/Sulaymaniyah" title="Sulaymaniyah">Sulaymaniyah</a> and spokesman of the uprooted Yazidis, the <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party">PKK</a> and YPG enabled an estimated 35,000 of the initially 50,000 trapped Yazidis to escape into Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-globalpost-29aug14_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-globalpost-29aug14-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the account of the Sinjar District Governor, the route was jointly set up by Peshmerga and the YPG.<sup id="cite_ref-hurr11-3-14_60-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hurr11-3-14-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mountain_siege_ends,_U.S._rescue_mission_canceled"><span id="Mountain_siege_ends.2C_U.S._rescue_mission_canceled"></span>Mountain siege ends, U.S. rescue mission canceled</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinjar_massacre&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Mountain siege ends, U.S. rescue mission canceled"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 12<sup id="cite_ref-NYT13-8-14_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT13-8-14-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 13 August 2014, a dozen U.S. Marines and special forces servicemen landed on Mount Sinjar from CH-53E aircraft to assess options for a potential rescue of Yazidi refugees joining British SAS already in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-the_guardian_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-the_guardian-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They reported that "the situation is much more manageable", that there were now far fewer Yazidis on the mountain than expected, and that those Yazidis were in relatively good condition. A U.S. rescue mission for those still on the mountain was therefore "far less likely now", said Defense Secretary <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Hagel" title="Chuck Hagel">Chuck Hagel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT13-8-14_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT13-8-14-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The U.S. government officially declared the siege to be broken on 13 August 2014. This was reportedly done by U.S airstrikes and Kurdish fighters of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Protection_Units" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Protection Units">People's Protection Units</a> from Syria, together with their <a href="/wiki/PKK" class="mw-redirect" title="PKK">PKK</a> allies from Turkey,<sup id="cite_ref-vice-16aug2014_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vice-16aug2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-globalpost-29aug_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-globalpost-29aug-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> allowing more than 50,000 refugees to escape.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-siege_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siege-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this, according to Professor Salim Hassan, between 5,000 and 10,000 people still remained trapped in the mountains.<sup id="cite_ref-globalpost-29aug14_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-globalpost-29aug14-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were reportedly afraid to return to their homes and were sustained in the coming months by airdrops from a lone Iraqi helicopter.<sup id="cite_ref-NY19-12_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NY19-12-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_responses">International responses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinjar_massacre&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: International responses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jielbeaumadier_manif_kurdes_ei_1_paris_2014.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Jielbeaumadier_manif_kurdes_ei_1_paris_2014.jpeg/260px-Jielbeaumadier_manif_kurdes_ei_1_paris_2014.jpeg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Jielbeaumadier_manif_kurdes_ei_1_paris_2014.jpeg/390px-Jielbeaumadier_manif_kurdes_ei_1_paris_2014.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Jielbeaumadier_manif_kurdes_ei_1_paris_2014.jpeg/520px-Jielbeaumadier_manif_kurdes_ei_1_paris_2014.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Demonstration in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> against persecution of Kurds and Yazidis.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Western_military_response">Western military response</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinjar_massacre&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Western military response"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–present)">American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–present)</a></div> <p>On 7 August 2014, U.S. President Obama ordered targeted airstrikes on IS militants and emergency air relief for the Yazidis. Airstrikes began on 8 August. (See <a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%93present)#Obama_authorizes_airstrikes" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–present)">American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–present) § Obama authorizes airstrikes</a>.) </p><p>On 8 August 2014, the US asserted that the systematic destruction of the Yazidi people by the Islamic State was genocide.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> had authorized the attacks to protect Yazidis but also Americans and Iraqi minorities. President Obama gave an assurance that no troops would be deployed for combat. Along with the airstrikes of 9 August, the US <a href="/wiki/Airdrop" title="Airdrop">airdropped</a> 3,800 gallons of water and 16,128 <a href="/wiki/MRE" class="mw-redirect" title="MRE">MREs</a>. Following these actions, the United Kingdom and France stated that they also would begin airdrops.<sup id="cite_ref-CNNaug9_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNNaug9-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 10 August 2014, at approximately 2:15 a.m. ET, the US carried out five additional airstrikes on armed vehicles and a mortar position, enabling 20,000–30,000 Yazidi Iraqis to flee into Syria and later be rescued by Kurdish forces. The Kurdish forces then provided shelter for the Yazidis in <a href="/wiki/Dohuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Dohuk">Dohuk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CNNaug10_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNNaug10-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GUARDIANaug10_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GUARDIANaug10-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 13 August 2014, fewer than 20 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Special_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Special Forces">United States Special Forces</a> troops stationed in Irbil along with <a href="/wiki/Special_Air_Service" title="Special Air Service">Special Air Service</a> troops visited the area near Mount Sinjar to gather intelligence and plan the evacuation of approximately 30,000 Yazidis still trapped on Mount Sinjar. One hundred and twenty-nine additional US military personnel were deployed to Irbil to assess and provide a report to President Obama.<sup id="cite_ref-GUARDaug13_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GUARDaug13-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States Central Command also reported that a seventh airdrop was conducted and that to date, 114,000 meals and more than 35,000 gallons of water had been airdropped to the displaced Yazidis in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-CENTCOMaug13_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CENTCOMaug13-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a statement on 14 August 2014, <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">The Pentagon</a> said that the 20 US personnel who had visited the previous day had concluded that a rescue operation was probably unnecessary since there was less danger from exposure or dehydration and the Yazidis were no longer believed to be at risk of attack from ISIL. Estimates also stated that 4,000 to 5,000 people remained on the mountain, with nearly half of them being Yazidi <a href="/wiki/Herder" title="Herder">herders</a> who lived there before the siege.<sup id="cite_ref-WP14aug1_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WP14aug1-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WP14aug2_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WP14aug2-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FN-20130830_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FN-20130830-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kurdish officials and Yazidi refugees stated that thousands of young, elderly, and disabled individuals on the mountain were still vulnerable, with the governor of Kurdistan's <a href="/wiki/Dahuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Dahuk">Dahuk province</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Farhad_Atruchi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Farhad Atruchi (page does not exist)">Farhad Atruchi</a>, saying that the assessment was "not correct" and that although people were suffering, "the international community is not moving".<sup id="cite_ref-WP14aug2_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WP14aug2-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_bodies">International bodies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinjar_massacre&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: International bodies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> – On 13 August 2014, the United Nations declared the Yazidi crisis a highest-level "Level 3 Emergency", saying that the declaration "will facilitate mobilization of additional resources in goods, funds and assets to ensure a more effective response to the humanitarian needs of populations affected by forced displacements".<sup id="cite_ref-FN-20130830_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FN-20130830-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 19 March 2015, a United Nations panel concluded that ISIL "may have committed" genocide against the Yazidis with an investigation head, Suki Nagra, stating that the attacks on the Yazidis "were not just spontaneous or happened out of the blue, they were clearly orchestrated".<sup id="cite_ref-NYT19march15_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT19march15-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> – On 11 August 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> accused ISIL of committing <a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">crimes against humanity</a> by persecuting the Yazidis.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NGOs">NGOs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinjar_massacre&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: NGOs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Defend_International_Reaches_out_to_Yazidis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Defend_International_Reaches_out_to_Yazidis.jpg/220px-Defend_International_Reaches_out_to_Yazidis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Defend_International_Reaches_out_to_Yazidis.jpg/330px-Defend_International_Reaches_out_to_Yazidis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Defend_International_Reaches_out_to_Yazidis.jpg/440px-Defend_International_Reaches_out_to_Yazidis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2401" data-file-height="1654" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Defend_International" title="Defend International">Defend International</a> reaching out to Yazidi refugees in <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdistan" title="Iraqi Kurdistan">Iraqi Kurdistan</a>, December 2014</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sinjar_massacre&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2015</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defend_International" title="Defend International">Defend International</a> launched a worldwide campaign entitled "Save The Yazidis: The World Has To Act Now" to raise awareness about the tragedy of the Yazidis in Sinjar.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> DI president <a href="/wiki/Widad_Akrawi" title="Widad Akrawi">Widad Akrawi</a> dedicated her <a href="/wiki/2014_International_Pfeffer_Peace_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 International Pfeffer Peace Award">2014 International Pfeffer Peace Award</a> "to all victims of persecution, particularly the Yazidis, Christians, and all residents of <a href="/wiki/Koban%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Kobanê">Kobanê</a> region."<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The British <a href="/wiki/Stop_the_War_Coalition" title="Stop the War Coalition">Stop the War Coalition</a> opposed the intervention on Sinjar.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinjar_massacre&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sinjar_offensive">Sinjar offensive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinjar_massacre&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Sinjar offensive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/December_2014_Sinjar_offensive" title="December 2014 Sinjar offensive">December 2014 Sinjar offensive</a></div> <p>After August 2014, ISIL held the town of <a href="/wiki/Sinjar" title="Sinjar">Sinjar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NY19-12_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NY19-12-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several thousand<sup id="cite_ref-NYT13-8-14_33-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT13-8-14-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Yazidis" title="Yazidis">Yazidis</a> remained in the <a href="/wiki/Sinjar_Mountains" title="Sinjar Mountains">Sinjar Mountains</a> located to the city's north, sustained by airdrops from a lone Iraqi helicopter,<sup id="cite_ref-NY19-12_65-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NY19-12-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while an escape road from the mountains northward to Kurdish areas was under Kurdish/Yazidi control.<sup id="cite_ref-agat21-10-14_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agat21-10-14-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> American officials said that some of those Yazidis considered the Sinjar Mountains a place of refuge and home and did not want to leave;<sup id="cite_ref-NYT13-8-14_33-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT13-8-14-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while a report from <i>The New Yorker</i> said some were afraid to return to their homes.<sup id="cite_ref-NY19-12_65-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NY19-12-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Yazidis also came to the mountains after the August evacuations.<sup id="cite_ref-Independent_19th_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Independent_19th-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 21 October 2014, ISIL seized territory to the north of the mountains, cutting the area's escape route to Kurdish areas. The Yazidi militias then withdrew into the Sinjar Mountains, where the number of Yazidi civilian refugees was estimated at 2,000–7,000.<sup id="cite_ref-agat21-10-14_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agat21-10-14-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mountains had once again been partially besieged by ISIL.<sup id="cite_ref-Clatch22.12.14_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clatch22.12.14-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 17 December 2014, <a href="/wiki/Peshmerga" title="Peshmerga">Peshmerga</a> forces, backed by 50 U.S.-led coalition airstrikes on ISIL positions, launched an offensive to liberate Sinjar<sup id="cite_ref-NY19-12_65-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NY19-12-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and to break the partial siege of the Sinjar Mountains.<sup id="cite_ref-Clatch22.12.14_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clatch22.12.14-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In less than two days, the Peshmerga seized the mountain range. After ISIL forces retreated, Kurdish fighters were initially faced with clearing out mines in the area,<sup id="cite_ref-Alj.Am.19-12-14_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alj.Am.19-12-14-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but quickly opened a land corridor that enabled Yazidis to be evacuated. The operation left 100 ISIL fighters dead.<sup id="cite_ref-NY19-12_65-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NY19-12-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Late on 21 December 2014, Syrian Kurdish <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Protection_Units" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Protection Units">YPG</a> fighters south of the mountain range reached Peshmerga lines, thus linking their two fronts.<sup id="cite_ref-Clatch22.12.14_83-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clatch22.12.14-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next day, the YPG broke through ISIL lines, thus opening a corridor from <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> to the town of Sinjar. By the evening, the Peshmerga took control of much of Sinjar.<sup id="cite_ref-Clatch22.12.14_83-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clatch22.12.14-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Return_of_Yazidi_population">Return of Yazidi population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinjar_massacre&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Return of Yazidi population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following ISIL's retreat from Iraqi and Kurdish forces in the region during late-2017 campaigns, both governments laid claim to the area. The Yazidi population, with only about 15% returning to Sinjar during the period, was caught in the political crossfire. Yazidis returned to an abandoned town of crumbling buildings, leftover IEDs and the remains of those killed during the massacre.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2017, a mass grave of about 70 people was uncovered<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and a month later in December, another mass grave was discovered holding about 90 victims.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Assistance_Mission_for_Iraq" title="United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq">UN Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI)</a> and the UN Human Rights Office there are more than 200 mass graves sites across Iraq.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Documentation Project run by the NGO <a href="/wiki/Yazda" title="Yazda">Yazda</a> has provided photographic and witness testimony to document dozens of mass grave sites across the Nineveh Plain and Sinjar.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2019, the first mass grave site in Sinjar was exhumed by the Iraqi Mass Graves Directorate within the Martyr's Foundation and the Medical Legal Directorate under the Iraqi Ministry of Health in conjunction with UNITAD (United Nations Investigative Team to Promote Accountability for Crimes Committed by Da’esh/ISIL).<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2023, Iraq's Minister of Immigration and Displacement, Ivan Jabru, announced the return of 1,150 displaced Yezidis to Sinjar and expressed hopes that more would return in the near future.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinjar_massacre&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/48px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/64px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Kurdistan" title="Portal:Kurdistan">Kurdistan portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/48px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/64px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Iraq" title="Portal:Iraq">Iraq portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/GenocidePortalLogo%28ESR%292.JPG/22px-GenocidePortalLogo%28ESR%292.JPG" decoding="async" width="22" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/GenocidePortalLogo%28ESR%292.JPG/33px-GenocidePortalLogo%28ESR%292.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/GenocidePortalLogo%28ESR%292.JPG/43px-GenocidePortalLogo%28ESR%292.JPG 2x" data-file-width="203" data-file-height="261" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Genocide" title="Portal:Genocide">Genocide portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(January_2016)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (January 2016)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (January 2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Yazidis_by_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide of Yazidis by ISIL">Genocide of Yazidis by ISIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koban%C3%AE_massacre" title="Kobanî massacre">Kobanî massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_genocides_by_death_toll" class="mw-redirect" title="List of genocides by death toll">List of genocides by death toll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Yazidis" title="Persecution of Yazidis">Persecution of Yazidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Mazar-i-Sharif_massacre" title="1998 Mazar-i-Sharif massacre">1998 Mazar-i-Sharif massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srebrenica_massacre" title="Srebrenica massacre">Srebrenica massacre</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinjar_massacre&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-vice-16aug2014-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vice-16aug2014_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vice-16aug2014_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vice-16aug2014_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRoussinos2014" class="citation news cs1">Roussinos, Aris (16 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.vice.com/article/everywhere-around-is-the-islamic-state-on-the-road-in-iraq-with-ypg-fighters">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Everywhere Around Is the Islamic State': On the Road in Iraq with YPG Fighters"</a>. Vice News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27Everywhere+Around+Is+the+Islamic+State%27%3A+On+the+Road+in+Iraq+with+YPG+Fighters&rft.date=2014-08-16&rft.aulast=Roussinos&rft.aufirst=Aris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.vice.com%2Farticle%2Feverywhere-around-is-the-islamic-state-on-the-road-in-iraq-with-ypg-fighters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reuters-26aug-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reuters-26aug_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reuters-26aug_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2014/08/11/236000/us-airstrikes-helped-but-kurds.html">"U.S. airstrikes helped, but Kurds from Syria turned tide against Islamic State"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+airstrikes+helped%2C+but+Kurds+from+Syria+turned+tide+against+Islamic+State&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcclatchydc.com%2F2014%2F08%2F11%2F236000%2Fus-airstrikes-helped-but-kurds.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-globalpost-29aug-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-globalpost-29aug_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-globalpost-29aug_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-globalpost-29aug_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-globalpost-29aug_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-globalpost-29aug_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShelton2014" class="citation news cs1">Shelton, Tracey (29 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/middle-east/140827/if-it-wasn-t-the-kurdish-fighters-we-would-have-died-there">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'If it wasn't for the Kurdish fighters, we would have died up there'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Global Post<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27If+it+wasn%27t+for+the+Kurdish+fighters%2C+we+would+have+died+up+there%27&rft.date=2014-08-29&rft.aulast=Shelton&rft.aufirst=Tracey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalpost.com%2Fdispatch%2Fnews%2Fregions%2Fmiddle-east%2F140827%2Fif-it-wasn-t-the-kurdish-fighters-we-would-have-died-there&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/09/world/meast/yazidi-survivor/index.html?hpt=hp_t1">"Yazidi survivor recalls horror of evading ISIS, death"</a>. CNN.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPamuk2014" class="citation news cs1">Pamuk, Humeyra (26 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iraq-security-turkey-yazidis-idUSKBN0GQ1MX20140826">"Smugglers and Kurdish militants help Iraq's Yazidis flee to Turkey"</a>. Reuters<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Smugglers+and+Kurdish+militants+help+Iraq%27s+Yazidis+flee+to+Turkey&rft.date=2014-08-26&rft.aulast=Pamuk&rft.aufirst=Humeyra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-iraq-security-turkey-yazidis-idUSKBN0GQ1MX20140826&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/news/middle-east/13236-syrian-kurds-provide-iraqs-peshmerga-support-against-isis">Syrian Kurds provide Iraq's Peshmerga support against ISIS</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304070940/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/news/middle-east/13236-syrian-kurds-provide-iraqs-peshmerga-support-against-isis">Archived</a> 4 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Middleeastmonitor.com (4 August 2014).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/11/04/no_escape_from_sinjar_mountain_yazidis_iraq_isis_islamic_state">"No Escape from Mount Sinjar"</a>. <i>Foreign Policy</i>. 4 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=No+Escape+from+Mount+Sinjar&rft.date=2014-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2Farticles%2F2014%2F11%2F04%2Fno_escape_from_sinjar_mountain_yazidis_iraq_isis_islamic_state&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160321151950/http://www.frequency.com/video/ypg-mfs-arrived-in-shingal-mountains/185402086?cid=5-618">"Video: YPG and MFS arrived in Shingal Mountains Sinjar to protect the refugees who fled from Shingal and other Towns News by Suroyo TV 4.8.2014 Western Dialect Source Suroyo T"</a>. Frequency.com.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nbc-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nbc_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/iraq-turmoil/obama-authorizes-targeted-airstrikes-iraq-n175201">Obama Authorizes 'Targeted' Airstrikes Against ISIS in Iraq – NBC News</a>. NBC News.com (7 August 2014).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-the_guardian-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-the_guardian_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-the_guardian_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/13/us-ground-troops-direct-role-evacuate-yazidis-iraq">"US troops land on Iraq's Mt Sinjar to plan for Yazidi evacuation"</a>. <i>the guardian</i>. 13 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+guardian&rft.atitle=US+troops+land+on+Iraq%27s+Mt+Sinjar+to+plan+for+Yazidi+evacuation&rft.date=2014-08-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Faug%2F13%2Fus-ground-troops-direct-role-evacuate-yazidis-iraq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/11032684/SAS-sent-in-to-Iraq-as-US-troops-land-on-Mount-Sinjar.html">"SAS sent in to Iraq as US troops land on Mount Sinjar"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. 13 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SAS+sent+in+to+Iraq+as+US+troops+land+on+Mount+Sinjar&rft.pub=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.date=2014-08-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fmiddleeast%2Firaq%2F11032684%2FSAS-sent-in-to-Iraq-as-US-troops-land-on-Mount-Sinjar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAustralian_Embassy,_Iraq" class="citation web cs1">Australian Embassy, Iraq. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iraq.embassy.gov.au/bdad/MED.html">"Media Release - Australian Prime Minister visits Baghdad"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Media+Release+-+Australian+Prime+Minister+visits+Baghdad&rft.au=Australian+Embassy%2C+Iraq&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Firaq.embassy.gov.au%2Fbdad%2FMED.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span> Quote: Australia has been active here in Iraq since August 2014: first, with humanitarian food drops in Mt Sinjar and elsewhere; second, with delivering weapons to those who are fighting against the Daesh death cult...</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-seize3-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-seize3_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-seize3_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-seize3_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-seize3_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/04/world/middleeast/iraq.html">Sunni Extremists in Iraq Seize 3 Towns From Kurds and Threaten Major Dam</a>. <i>New York Times</i>, 3 August 2014. Retrieved 7 March 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5,000_Yazidis_executed_by_ISIL-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-5,000_Yazidis_executed_by_ISIL_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-5,000_Yazidis_executed_by_ISIL_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-5,000_Yazidis_executed_by_ISIL_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-5,000_Yazidis_executed_by_ISIL_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-5,000_Yazidis_executed_by_ISIL_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpencer2014" class="citation web cs1">Spencer, Richard (14 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/islamic-state/11160906/Isil-carried-out-massacres-and-mass-sexual-enslavement-of-Yazidis-UN-confirms.html">"Isil carried out massacres and mass sexual enslavement of Yazidis, UN confirms"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Telegraph">Daily Telegraph</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Isil+carried+out+massacres+and+mass+sexual+enslavement+of+Yazidis%2C+UN+confirms&rft.date=2014-10-14&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fislamic-state%2F11160906%2FIsil-carried-out-massacres-and-mass-sexual-enslavement-of-Yazidis-UN-confirms.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-plosmedicine-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-plosmedicine_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-plosmedicine_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-plosmedicine_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-plosmedicine_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCetorelli2017" class="citation journal cs1">Cetorelli, Valeria (9 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5423550">"Mortality and kidnapping estimates for the Yazidi population in the area of Mount Sinjar, Iraq, in August 2014: A retrospective household survey"</a>. <i>PLOS Medicine</i>. <b>14</b> (5): e1002297. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1002297">10.1371/journal.pmed.1002297</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5423550">5423550</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28486492">28486492</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+Medicine&rft.atitle=Mortality+and+kidnapping+estimates+for+the+Yazidi+population+in+the+area+of+Mount+Sinjar%2C+Iraq%2C+in+August+2014%3A+A+retrospective+household+survey&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=e1002297&rft.date=2017-05-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5423550%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28486492&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1002297&rft.aulast=Cetorelli&rft.aufirst=Valeria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5423550&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-helicopter-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-helicopter_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-helicopter_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubin2014" class="citation news cs1">Rubin, Alissa J. (16 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/17/world/middleeast/iraq-alissa-j-rubin-a-times-correspondent-recounts-fatal-helicopter-crash-in-kurdistan.html">"On a Helicopter, Going Down: Inside a Lethal Crash in Iraq"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=On+a+Helicopter%2C+Going+Down%3A+Inside+a+Lethal+Crash+in+Iraq&rft.date=2014-08-16&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=Alissa+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F08%2F17%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Firaq-alissa-j-rubin-a-times-correspondent-recounts-fatal-helicopter-crash-in-kurdistan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/28/world/middleeast/army-know-how-seen-as-factor-in-isis-successes.html">"Military Skill and Terrorist Technique Fuel Success of ISIS"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>. 27 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Military+Skill+and+Terrorist+Technique+Fuel+Success+of+ISIS&rft.date=2014-08-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F08%2F28%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Farmy-know-how-seen-as-factor-in-isis-successes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_Cruickshank2020" class="citation web cs1">Paul Cruickshank (29 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2020/01/29/politics/un-terror-report-isis/index.html">"UN report warns ISIS is reasserting under new leader believed to be behind Yazidi genocide"</a>. <i>CNN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=UN+report+warns+ISIS+is+reasserting+under+new+leader+believed+to+be+behind+Yazidi+genocide&rft.date=2020-01-29&rft.au=Paul+Cruickshank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2020%2F01%2F29%2Fpolitics%2Fun-terror-report-isis%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yazda.org/post/yazda-statement-commemorating-the-fourth-anniversary-of-the-yazidi-genocide">"Yazda Statement: Commemorating the Fourth Anniversary of the Yazidi Genocide"</a>. Yazda.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yazda+Statement%3A+Commemorating+the+Fourth+Anniversary+of+the+Yazidi+Genocide&rft.pub=Yazda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yazda.org%2Fpost%2Fyazda-statement-commemorating-the-fourth-anniversary-of-the-yazidi-genocide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ourcommons.ca/Content/Committee/421/CIMM/Brief/BR9342569/br-external/Yazda-e.pdf">"The Yazidi Refugee Crisis"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Yazda.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Yazidi+Refugee+Crisis&rft.pub=Yazda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourcommons.ca%2FContent%2FCommittee%2F421%2FCIMM%2FBrief%2FBR9342569%2Fbr-external%2FYazda-e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/5cd156657.pdf">"COI Note on the Situation of Yazidi IDPs in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. UNHCR.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=COI+Note+on+the+Situation+of+Yazidi+IDPs+in+the+Kurdistan+Region+of+Iraq&rft.pub=UNHCR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.refworld.org%2Fpdfid%2F5cd156657.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNN7Aug-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CNN7Aug_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN7Aug_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevs2014" class="citation news cs1">Levs, Josh (7 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140807191105/http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/07/world/meast/stopping-isis">"Will anyone stop ISIS?"</a>. CNN. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/07/world/meast/stopping-isis">the original</a> on 7 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Will+anyone+stop+ISIS%3F&rft.date=2014-08-07&rft.aulast=Levs&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2014%2F08%2F07%2Fworld%2Fmeast%2Fstopping-isis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rudaw-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rudaw_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rudaw_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rudaw.net/mobile/english/interview/29122014">"Kurdish official: ISIS Capture of Shingal 'was part of Arabization campaign</a>. Rudaw.net, 29 December 2014. Retrieved 4 August 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_betrayal_of_Shingal-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_betrayal_of_Shingal_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_betrayal_of_Shingal_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ezidipress.com/en/the-betrayal-of-shingal/">"The betrayal of Shingal"</a>. 7 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+betrayal+of+Shingal&rft.date=2015-08-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ezidipress.com%2Fen%2Fthe-betrayal-of-shingal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reut9-8-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reut9-8_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iraq-security-idUSKBN0G808J20140809">"Obama says tackling Iraq's insurgency will take time"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 9 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Obama+says+tackling+Iraq%27s+insurgency+will+take+time&rft.date=2014-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-iraq-security-idUSKBN0G808J20140809&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arab2-8-14-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-arab2-8-14_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2014/08/02/Army-Jihadists-kill-30-in-fighting-south-of-Baghdad-.html">"Jihadists kill dozens as Iraq fighting rages"</a>. English.alarabiya.net. 2 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jihadists+kill+dozens+as+Iraq+fighting+rages&rft.pub=English.alarabiya.net&rft.date=2014-08-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2FNews%2Fmiddle-east%2F2014%2F08%2F02%2FArmy-Jihadists-kill-30-in-fighting-south-of-Baghdad-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.uscirf.gov/sites/default/files/Kurdistan%20report.%20Long.pdf">https://www.uscirf.gov/sites/default/files/Kurdistan%20report.%20Long.pdf</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (March 2022)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://50f3ad00-5b28-4016-898f-6130d301c97a.filesusr.com/ugd/6ae567_98f8f8912baa40949a18a3a0b717eaea.pdf">https://50f3ad00-5b28-4016-898f-6130d301c97a.filesusr.com/ugd/6ae567_98f8f8912baa40949a18a3a0b717eaea.pdf</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (March 2022)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHama2019" class="citation journal cs1">Hama, Hawre Hasan (12 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/17449057.2019.1601856">"What Explains the Abandonment of Yezidi People by the Kurdish Forces in 2014? Foreign Support or Internal Factors"</a>. <i>Ethnopolitics</i>. <b>20</b> (4): 428–449. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F17449057.2019.1601856">10.1080/17449057.2019.1601856</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1744-9057">1744-9057</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:150425404">150425404</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ethnopolitics&rft.atitle=What+Explains+the+Abandonment+of+Yezidi+People+by+the+Kurdish+Forces+in+2014%3F+Foreign+Support+or+Internal+Factors&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=428-449&rft.date=2019-04-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A150425404%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1744-9057&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F17449057.2019.1601856&rft.aulast=Hama&rft.aufirst=Hawre+Hasan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%2F17449057.2019.1601856&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aljaz5-8-14-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aljaz5-8-14_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aljaz5-8-14_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aljaz5-8-14_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aljaz5-8-14_30-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalihvan_Wilgenburg2014" class="citation news cs1">Salih, Mohammed; van Wilgenburg, Wladimir (5 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/08/iraqi-yazidis-if-move-they-will-kill-us-20148513656188206.html">"Iraqi Yazidis: 'If we move they will kill us'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Aljazeera<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Iraqi+Yazidis%3A+%27If+we+move+they+will+kill+us%27&rft.date=2014-08-05&rft.aulast=Salih&rft.aufirst=Mohammed&rft.au=van+Wilgenburg%2C+Wladimir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fmiddleeast%2F2014%2F08%2Firaqi-yazidis-if-move-they-will-kill-us-20148513656188206.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC7Aug-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC7Aug_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC7Aug_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC7Aug_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC7Aug_31-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140808001143/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-28699832">"UN Security Council condemns attacks by Iraqi jihadists"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 7 August 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-28699832">the original</a> on 8 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=UN+Security+Council+condemns+attacks+by+Iraqi+jihadists&rft.date=2014-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-28699832&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnn-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cnn_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnn_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnn_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnn_32-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith-Spark2014" class="citation web cs1">Smith-Spark, Laura (6 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2014/08/06/world/meast/iraq-crisis-minority-persecution/index.html">"Iraqi Yazidi lawmaker: 'Hundreds of my people are being slaughtered'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN_News" class="mw-redirect" title="CNN News">CNN News</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraqi+Yazidi+lawmaker%3A+%27Hundreds+of+my+people+are+being+slaughtered%27&rft.pub=CNN+News&rft.date=2014-08-06&rft.aulast=Smith-Spark&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2014%2F08%2F06%2Fworld%2Fmeast%2Firaq-crisis-minority-persecution%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT13-8-14-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT13-8-14_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT13-8-14_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT13-8-14_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT13-8-14_33-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT13-8-14_33-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT13-8-14_33-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/14/world/middleeast/iraq-yazidi-refugees.html?_r=0">"Militants' Siege on Mountain in Iraq Is Over, Pentagon Says"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 13 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Militants%27+Siege+on+Mountain+in+Iraq+Is+Over%2C+Pentagon+Says&rft.date=2014-08-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F08%2F14%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Firaq-yazidi-refugees.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dw-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dw_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw.com/en/kurds-break-mount-sinjar-siege-against-islamic-state-free-yazidis/a-18140706">‘Kurds break siege Mount Sinjar against 'Islamic State,' free Yazidis</a>. <i>Deutsche Welle</i>, 19 December 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC19Dec14-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC19Dec14_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-30539170">‘Mount Sinjar: Islamic State siege broken, say Kurds’</a>. <i>BBC</i>, 19 December 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Independent_19th-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Independent_19th_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Independent_19th_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-latest-kurdish-forces-break-the-siege-of-mount-sinjar-9934934.html">"Isis latest: Kurdish forces 'break' the siege of Mount Sinjar"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. 19 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Isis+latest%3A+Kurdish+forces+%27break%27+the+siege+of+Mount+Sinjar&rft.date=2014-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fisis-latest-kurdish-forces-break-the-siege-of-mount-sinjar-9934934.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boring22Dec14-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Boring22Dec14_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/war-is-boring/kurds-break-the-siege-of-mount-sinjar-as-militants-flee-659b4e10b218">‘Kurds Break the Siege of Mount Sinjar as Militants Flee’</a>. <i>War is Boring</i>, 22 December 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aina.org/news/20140804041237.htm">"Leader of Iraq's Yazidis Issues Distress Call, Appeals for Help Against ISIS"</a>. AINA, 4 August 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT7-8-14-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT7-8-14_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/08/world/middleeast/isis-forces-in-iraq.html?_r=0,">‘Jihadists Rout Kurds in North and Seize Strategic Iraqi Dam’</a>. <i>New York Times</i>, 7 August 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170730085038/http://www.shafaaq.com/en/En_NewsReader/722d5349-2fc0-4601-a6bc-4535e31aabea">"ISIS enters Sinjar, blow up Sayeda Zeinab shrine and execute 10 Shiite Kurds"</a>. <i>Shafaq-news-en</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shafaaq.com/en/En_NewsReader/722d5349-2fc0-4601-a6bc-4535e31aabea">the original</a> on 30 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shafaq-news-en&rft.atitle=ISIS+enters+Sinjar%2C+blow+up+Sayeda+Zeinab+shrine+and+execute+10+Shiite+Kurds&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shafaaq.com%2Fen%2FEn_NewsReader%2F722d5349-2fc0-4601-a6bc-4535e31aabea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOHCHRUNAMI201414-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOHCHRUNAMI201414_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOHCHRUNAMI201414_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOHCHRUNAMI2014">OHCHR & UNAMI 2014</a>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-edition.cnn.com-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-edition.cnn.com_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorenCarter" class="citation news cs1">Coren, Anna; Carter, Chelsea J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2014/08/15/world/meast/iraq-crisis/index.html">"Report: U.S. airstrikes carried out as part of Iraqi effort to retake Mosul Dam"</a>. CNN<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Report%3A+U.S.+airstrikes+carried+out+as+part+of+Iraqi+effort+to+retake+Mosul+Dam&rft.aulast=Coren&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft.au=Carter%2C+Chelsea+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2014%2F08%2F15%2Fworld%2Fmeast%2Firaq-crisis%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-New_York_Magazine-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-New_York_Magazine_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZavadski" class="citation news cs1">Zavadski, Katie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2014/08/isis-killed-80-yazidis-in-iraqi-village.html">"ISIS Just Killed 80 More Yazidis in an Iraqi Village"</a>. New York Magazine<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=ISIS+Just+Killed+80+More+Yazidis+in+an+Iraqi+Village&rft.aulast=Zavadski&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnymag.com%2Fdaily%2Fintelligencer%2F2014%2F08%2Fisis-killed-80-yazidis-in-iraqi-village.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TT20140824-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TT20140824_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlair2015" class="citation news cs1">Blair, David (6 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/11049393/Isils-Yazidi-mass-conversion-video-fails-to-hide-brutal-duress.html">"Isil's Yazidi 'mass conversion' video fails to hide brutal duress"</a>. London: The Telegraph<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Isil%27s+Yazidi+%27mass+conversion%27+video+fails+to+hide+brutal+duress&rft.date=2015-06-06&rft.aulast=Blair&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fmiddleeast%2Firaq%2F11049393%2FIsils-Yazidi-mass-conversion-video-fails-to-hide-brutal-duress.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOHCHRUNAMI201415-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOHCHRUNAMI201415_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOHCHRUNAMI2014">OHCHR & UNAMI 2014</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NY6-8-14-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NY6-8-14_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George Packer, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/friend-flees-horror-isis">"A Friend Flees the Horror of ISIS"</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>, 6 August 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOHCHRUNAMI2014-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOHCHRUNAMI2014_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOHCHRUNAMI2014">OHCHR & UNAMI 2014</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guar8-8-14-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-guar8-8-14_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/07/us-aid-iraqi-trapped-mountain-isis">"US carries out air drops to help Iraqis trapped on mountain by Isis"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 8 August 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150331164345/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/07/us-aid-iraqi-trapped-mountain-isis">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=US+carries+out+air+drops+to+help+Iraqis+trapped+on+mountain+by+Isis&rft.date=2014-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Faug%2F07%2Fus-aid-iraqi-trapped-mountain-isis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooperShear2014" class="citation news cs1">Cooper, Helene; Shear, Michael D. (13 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/14/world/middleeast/iraq-yazidi-refugees.html">"Militants' Siege on Mountain in Iraq Is Over, Pentagon Says"</a>. <i>New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Militants%27+Siege+on+Mountain+in+Iraq+Is+Over%2C+Pentagon+Says&rft.date=2014-08-13&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Helene&rft.au=Shear%2C+Michael+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F08%2F14%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Firaq-yazidi-refugees.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abc7Aug14-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-abc7Aug14_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/us-begins-humanitarian-airdrops-iraq/story?id=24884633">"Obama Authorizes Air Strikes in Iraq"</a>. ABC News. 7 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Obama+Authorizes+Air+Strikes+in+Iraq&rft.pub=ABC+News&rft.date=2014-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2Fus-begins-humanitarian-airdrops-iraq%2Fstory%3Fid%3D24884633&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRUBIN2014" class="citation news cs1">RUBIN, ALISSA J. (19 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://strategicstudyindia.blogspot.com/2014/08/the-most-important-ride-of-his-life.html">"The most important ride of his life"</a>. <i>The New York Times via Strategic Study India</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times+via+Strategic+Study+India&rft.atitle=The+most+important+ride+of+his+life&rft.date=2014-08-19&rft.aulast=RUBIN&rft.aufirst=ALISSA+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstrategicstudyindia.blogspot.com%2F2014%2F08%2Fthe-most-important-ride-of-his-life.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGidman2014" class="citation web cs1">Gidman, Jenn (12 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newser.com/story/192355/helicopter-overloaded-with-rescued-iraqis-crashes.html">"Helicopter Overloaded With Rescued Iraqis Crashes"</a>. <i>Newser</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newser&rft.atitle=Helicopter+Overloaded+With+Rescued+Iraqis+Crashes&rft.date=2014-08-12&rft.aulast=Gidman&rft.aufirst=Jenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newser.com%2Fstory%2F192355%2Fhelicopter-overloaded-with-rescued-iraqis-crashes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Iraqi_general_killed_in_crash-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Iraqi_general_killed_in_crash_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColgrass" class="citation news cs1">Colgrass, Neal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newser.com/story/192580/that-helicopter-crash-in-iraq-heres-what-it-was-like.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'At Least I'm Alive': Inside a Deadly Iraq 'Copter Crash"</a>. Newser, LLC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27At+Least+I%27m+Alive%27%3A+Inside+a+Deadly+Iraq+%27Copter+Crash&rft.aulast=Colgrass&rft.aufirst=Neal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newser.com%2Fstory%2F192580%2Fthat-helicopter-crash-in-iraq-heres-what-it-was-like.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.defence.gov.au/stories/2014/08/jtf633-supports-herc-mercy-dash/">"JTF633 supports Herc mercy dash"</a> (Press release). Australian Department of Defence. 22 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JTF633+supports+Herc+mercy+dash&rft.pub=Australian+Department+of+Defence&rft.date=2014-08-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.defence.gov.au%2Fstories%2F2014%2F08%2Fjtf633-supports-herc-mercy-dash%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Obama7Aug14-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Obama7Aug14_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/08/07/statement-president">"Statement by the President"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Whitehouse.gov" title="Whitehouse.gov">whitehouse.gov</a></i>. 7 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2014</span> – via <a href="/wiki/NARA" class="mw-redirect" title="NARA">National Archives</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=whitehouse.gov&rft.atitle=Statement+by+the+President&rft.date=2014-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fobamawhitehouse.archives.gov%2Fthe-press-office%2F2014%2F08%2F07%2Fstatement-president&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kliff, Sarah (7 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/2014/8/7/5981449/president-obamas-full-statement-on-the-iraq-crisis">"President Obama's full statement on the Iraq crisis"</a>, Vox. Retrieved 29 September 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/iraq-turmoil/u-s-launches-four-more-airstrikes-against-isis-iraq-n176926">"U.S. Launches Four More Airstrikes Against ISIS in Iraq"</a>. NBC News. 9 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Launches+Four+More+Airstrikes+Against+ISIS+in+Iraq&rft.pub=NBC+News&rft.date=2014-08-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fstoryline%2Firaq-turmoil%2Fu-s-launches-four-more-airstrikes-against-isis-iraq-n176926&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/military-air-strikes-2014-8">"Iraq Airstrikes From US Military"</a>. Business Insider. 9 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraq+Airstrikes+From+US+Military&rft.pub=Business+Insider&rft.date=2014-08-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fmilitary-air-strikes-2014-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnn13-8-14-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cnn13-8-14_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2014/08/12/world/meast/iraq-crisis/index.html?hpt=hp_t1">"Officials: More U.S. advisers being sent to Iraq"</a>. CNN. 13 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Officials%3A+More+U.S.+advisers+being+sent+to+Iraq&rft.date=2014-08-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2014%2F08%2F12%2Fworld%2Fmeast%2Firaq-crisis%2Findex.html%3Fhpt%3Dhp_t1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hurr11-3-14-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hurr11-3-14_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hurr11-3-14_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hurr11-3-14_60-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/10000-yezidis-rescued-through-safe-corridor-as-isil-militants-fire-on-aid-helicopters.aspx?pageID=238&nID=70199&NewsCatID=352">"10,000 Yazidis rescued through safe corridor, as ISIL 'fire on aid helicopters'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Hurriyet Daily News</i>. 9 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hurriyet+Daily+News&rft.atitle=10%2C000+Yazidis+rescued+through+safe+corridor%2C+as+ISIL+%27fire+on+aid+helicopters%27&rft.date=2014-08-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2F10000-yezidis-rescued-through-safe-corridor-as-isil-militants-fire-on-aid-helicopters.aspx%3FpageID%3D238%26nID%3D70199%26NewsCatID%3D352&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-globalpost-29aug14-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-globalpost-29aug14_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-globalpost-29aug14_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-globalpost-29aug14_61-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShelton2014" class="citation news cs1">Shelton, Tracey (29 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/middle-east/140827/if-it-wasn-t-the-kurdish-fighters-we-would-have-died-there">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'If it wasn't for the Kurdish fighters, we would have died up there'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Global Post<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27If+it+wasn%27t+for+the+Kurdish+fighters%2C+we+would+have+died+up+there%27&rft.date=2014-08-29&rft.aulast=Shelton&rft.aufirst=Tracey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalpost.com%2Fdispatch%2Fnews%2Fregions%2Fmiddle-east%2F140827%2Fif-it-wasn-t-the-kurdish-fighters-we-would-have-died-there&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/middle-east/us-forces-land-on-mount-sinjar-in-iraq-1.1895602">"US forces land on Mount Sinjar in Iraq"</a>. <i>The Irish times</i>. 13 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+times&rft.atitle=US+forces+land+on+Mount+Sinjar+in+Iraq&rft.date=2014-08-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fus-forces-land-on-mount-sinjar-in-iraq-1.1895602&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/pkk-assistance-for-yazidis-escaping-the-jihadists-of-the-islamic-state-a-986648.html">"The Drama of Sinjar: Escaping the Islamic State in Iraq"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Drama+of+Sinjar%3A+Escaping+the+Islamic+State+in+Iraq&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Fworld%2Fpkk-assistance-for-yazidis-escaping-the-jihadists-of-the-islamic-state-a-986648.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-siege-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-siege_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooperShear2014" class="citation news cs1">Cooper, Helene; Shear, Michael D. (13 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/14/world/middleeast/iraq-yazidi-refugees.html">"Militants' Siege on Mountain in Iraq Is Over, Pentagon Says"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Militants%27+Siege+on+Mountain+in+Iraq+Is+Over%2C+Pentagon+Says&rft.date=2014-08-13&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Helene&rft.au=Shear%2C+Michael+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F08%2F14%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Firaq-yazidi-refugees.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NY19-12-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NY19-12_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NY19-12_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NY19-12_65-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NY19-12_65-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NY19-12_65-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NY19-12_65-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/early-success-kurds-sinjar">"An Early Success for the Kurds in Sinjar"</a>. <i>The New Yorker</i>. 19 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=An+Early+Success+for+the+Kurds+in+Sinjar&rft.date=2014-12-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fnews%2Fnews-desk%2Fearly-success-kurds-sinjar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoack2014" class="citation news cs1">Noack, Rick (8 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2014/08/08/when-obama-talks-about-iraq-his-use-of-the-word-genocide-is-vital">"When Obama talks about Iraq, his use of the word 'genocide' is vital"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=When+Obama+talks+about+Iraq%2C+his+use+of+the+word+%27genocide%27+is+vital&rft.date=2014-08-08&rft.aulast=Noack&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fblogs%2Fworldviews%2Fwp%2F2014%2F08%2F08%2Fwhen-obama-talks-about-iraq-his-use-of-the-word-genocide-is-vital&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNNaug9-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CNNaug9_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._CarterTawfeeqStarr2014" class="citation news cs1">J. Carter, Chelsea; Tawfeeq, Mohammed; Starr, Barbara (9 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/09/world/meast/iraq-crisis">"Officials: U.S. airstrikes pound ISIS militants firing at Iraq's Yazidis"</a>. CNN<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Officials%3A+U.S.+airstrikes+pound+ISIS+militants+firing+at+Iraq%27s+Yazidis&rft.date=2014-08-09&rft.aulast=J.+Carter&rft.aufirst=Chelsea&rft.au=Tawfeeq%2C+Mohammed&rft.au=Starr%2C+Barbara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2014%2F08%2F09%2Fworld%2Fmeast%2Firaq-crisis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNNaug10-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CNNaug10_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/10/world/meast/iraq-crisis/">"Thousands of Yazidis rescued, Iraqi official says"</a>. CNN. 10 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Thousands+of+Yazidis+rescued%2C+Iraqi+official+says&rft.date=2014-08-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2014%2F08%2F10%2Fworld%2Fmeast%2Firaq-crisis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GUARDIANaug10-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GUARDIANaug10_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiddique2014" class="citation news cs1">Siddique, Haroon (10 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/10/iraq-yazidi-isis-jihadists-islamic-state-kurds">"20,000 Iraqis besieged by Isis escape from mountain after US air strikes"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=20%2C000+Iraqis+besieged+by+Isis+escape+from+mountain+after+US+air+strikes&rft.date=2014-08-10&rft.aulast=Siddique&rft.aufirst=Haroon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Faug%2F10%2Firaq-yazidi-isis-jihadists-islamic-state-kurds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GUARDaug13-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GUARDaug13_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChulovBorgerNorton-TaylorRoberts2014" class="citation news cs1">Chulov, Martin; Borger, Julian; Norton-Taylor, Richard; Roberts, Dan (13 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/13/us-ground-troops-direct-role-evacuate-yazidis-iraq">"US troops land on Iraq's Mt Sinjar to plan for Yazidi evacuation"</a>. The Guardian<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=US+troops+land+on+Iraq%27s+Mt+Sinjar+to+plan+for+Yazidi+evacuation&rft.date=2014-08-13&rft.aulast=Chulov&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.au=Borger%2C+Julian&rft.au=Norton-Taylor%2C+Richard&rft.au=Roberts%2C+Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Faug%2F13%2Fus-ground-troops-direct-role-evacuate-yazidis-iraq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CENTCOMaug13-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CENTCOMaug13_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centcom.mil/news/articles/aug-13-update-on-humanitarian-assistance-operations-near-sinjar">"Aug. 13: Update on Humanitarian Assistance Operations Near Sinjar, Iraq"</a>. <i>United States Central Command</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Central+Command&rft.atitle=Aug.+13%3A+Update+on+Humanitarian+Assistance+Operations+Near+Sinjar%2C+Iraq&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.centcom.mil%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Faug-13-update-on-humanitarian-assistance-operations-near-sinjar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WP14aug1-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WP14aug1_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeYoungWhitlock2014" class="citation news cs1">DeYoung, Karen; Whitlock, Craig (14 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/2014/08/13/5fdd3358-2301-11e4-86ca-6f03cbd15c1a_story.html">"Rescue mission for Yazidis on Iraq's Mount Sinjar appears unnecessary, Pentagon says"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Rescue+mission+for+Yazidis+on+Iraq%27s+Mount+Sinjar+appears+unnecessary%2C+Pentagon+says&rft.date=2014-08-14&rft.aulast=DeYoung&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft.au=Whitlock%2C+Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fnational-security%2F2014%2F08%2F13%2F5fdd3358-2301-11e4-86ca-6f03cbd15c1a_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WP14aug2-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WP14aug2_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WP14aug2_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlyWhitlock2014" class="citation news cs1">Sly, Liz; Whitlock, Craig (14 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/yazidis-still-reported-trapped-on-mountain-in-northern-iraq-despite-us-assessment/2014/08/14/d85337fb-c5d2-4b82-b53a-410467e0db90_story.html?hpid=z2">"Most Yazidis have been rescued from a besieged mountain in northern Iraq"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Most+Yazidis+have+been+rescued+from+a+besieged+mountain+in+northern+Iraq&rft.date=2014-08-14&rft.aulast=Sly&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft.au=Whitlock%2C+Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fyazidis-still-reported-trapped-on-mountain-in-northern-iraq-despite-us-assessment%2F2014%2F08%2F14%2Fd85337fb-c5d2-4b82-b53a-410467e0db90_story.html%3Fhpid%3Dz2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FN-20130830-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FN-20130830_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FN-20130830_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/world/un-declares-highest-level-humanitarian-emergency-in-iraq-as-clashes-erupt-near-baghdad/">"UN declares highest-level humanitarian emergency in Iraq as clashes erupt near Baghdad"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a></i>. 14 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=UN+declares+highest-level+humanitarian+emergency+in+Iraq+as+clashes+erupt+near+Baghdad&rft.date=2014-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fworld%2Fun-declares-highest-level-humanitarian-emergency-in-iraq-as-clashes-erupt-near-baghdad%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=2384:un-declares-a-level-3-emergency-for-iraq-to-ensure-more-effective-humanitarian-response&Itemid=605&lang=en">"UN Declares a 'Level 3 Emergency' for Iraq to Ensure More Effective Humanitarian Response"</a>. United Nations Iraq. 14 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UN+Declares+a+%27Level+3+Emergency%27+for+Iraq+to+Ensure+More+Effective+Humanitarian+Response&rft.pub=United+Nations+Iraq&rft.date=2014-08-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uniraq.org%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_k2%26view%3Ditem%26id%3D2384%3Aun-declares-a-level-3-emergency-for-iraq-to-ensure-more-effective-humanitarian-response%26Itemid%3D605%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT19march15-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT19march15_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCumming-Bruce2015" class="citation news cs1">Cumming-Bruce, Nick (19 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/20/world/middleeast/isis-genocide-yazidis-iraq-un-panel.html?WT.nav=top-news&action=click&gwt=pay&module=second-column-region&pgtype=Homepage&region=top-news&_r=0">"ISIS Suspected of Genocide Against Yazidis in Iraq, U.N. Panel Says"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=ISIS+Suspected+of+Genocide+Against+Yazidis+in+Iraq%2C+U.N.+Panel+Says&rft.date=2015-03-19&rft.aulast=Cumming-Bruce&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F03%2F20%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fisis-genocide-yazidis-iraq-un-panel.html%3FWT.nav%3Dtop-news%26action%3Dclick%26gwt%3Dpay%26module%3Dsecond-column-region%26pgtype%3DHomepage%26region%3Dtop-news%26_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_6E1UdhJI4A">"Mid Day News - 11/08/2014 - التطورات في العراق"</a>. YouTube. 11 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mid+Day+News+-+11%2F08%2F2014+-+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82&rft.pub=YouTube&rft.date=2014-08-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D_6E1UdhJI4A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAddamah2014" class="citation news cs1">Addamah, Steven (12 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://medafricatimes.com/3105-mena-arab-league-accuses-isis-of-crimes-against-humanity.html">"MENA: Arab league accuses ISIS of "crimes against humanity"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Medafrica times<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=MENA%3A+Arab+league+accuses+ISIS+of+%22crimes+against+humanity%22&rft.date=2014-08-12&rft.aulast=Addamah&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedafricatimes.com%2F3105-mena-arab-league-accuses-isis-of-crimes-against-humanity.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://defendinternational.org/save-the-yazidis-the-world-has-to-act-now/">"Save The Yazidis: The World Has To Act Now"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Defend_International" title="Defend International">Defend International</a>. 5 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Save+The+Yazidis%3A+The+World+Has+To+Act+Now&rft.pub=Defend+International&rft.date=2014-09-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdefendinternational.org%2Fsave-the-yazidis-the-world-has-to-act-now%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinda_Kelly2014" class="citation web cs1">Linda Kelly (22 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151019110517/http://forusa.org/blogs/linda-kelly/dr-widad-akrawi-receives-pfeffer-peace-award/13064">"Dr. Widad Akrawi Receives the Pfeffer Peace Award"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fellowship_of_Reconciliation_(United_States)" title="Fellowship of Reconciliation (United States)">Fellowship of Reconciliation</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forusa.org/blogs/linda-kelly/dr-widad-akrawi-receives-pfeffer-peace-award/13064">the original</a> on 19 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dr.+Widad+Akrawi+Receives+the+Pfeffer+Peace+Award&rft.pub=Fellowship+of+Reconciliation&rft.date=2014-10-22&rft.au=Linda+Kelly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fforusa.org%2Fblogs%2Flinda-kelly%2Fdr-widad-akrawi-receives-pfeffer-peace-award%2F13064&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDitzBeste2014" class="citation web cs1">Ditz, Jason; Beste, Robin (14 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140816055533/http:/stopwar.org.uk/news/the-tale-of-two-sieges-the-yazidi-one-in-iraq-that-wasn-t-and-the-one-in-gaza-that-is">"A tale of two sieges: Iraq and Gaza. Why the different response to humanitarian crisis?"</a>. <i>Stop the War Coalition</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stopwar.org.uk/news/the-tale-of-two-sieges-the-yazidi-one-in-iraq-that-wasn-t-and-the-one-in-gaza-that-is">the original</a> on 16 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stop+the+War+Coalition&rft.atitle=A+tale+of+two+sieges%3A+Iraq+and+Gaza.+Why+the+different+response+to+humanitarian+crisis%3F&rft.date=2014-08-14&rft.aulast=Ditz&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft.au=Beste%2C+Robin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstopwar.org.uk%2Fnews%2Fthe-tale-of-two-sieges-the-yazidi-one-in-iraq-that-wasn-t-and-the-one-in-gaza-that-is&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-agat21-10-14-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-agat21-10-14_82-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-agat21-10-14_82-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150226111009/http://www.agathocledesyracuse.com/archives/115">"Iraq Sinjar battle (21 Oct 2014)"</a>. <i>Agathocle de Syracuse</i>. 21 October 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agathocledesyracuse.com/archives/115">the original</a> on 26 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Agathocle+de+Syracuse&rft.atitle=Iraq+Sinjar+battle+%2821+Oct+2014%29&rft.date=2014-10-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.agathocledesyracuse.com%2Farchives%2F115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clatch22.12.14-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Clatch22.12.14_83-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clatch22.12.14_83-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clatch22.12.14_83-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clatch22.12.14_83-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117021143/http://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/nation-world/world/middle-east/article24777757.html">"Islamic State counterattacks refinery as fight for Iraq swings back and forth"</a>. McClatchy DC. 22 December 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/nation-world/world/middle-east/article24777757.html">the original</a> on 17 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Islamic+State+counterattacks+refinery+as+fight+for+Iraq+swings+back+and+forth&rft.date=2014-12-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcclatchydc.com%2Fnews%2Fnation-world%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Farticle24777757.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alj.Am.19-12-14-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alj.Am.19-12-14_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/12/19/peshmerga-sinjarisil.html">"ISIL land mines frustrate effort to get aid to freed Mount Sinjar Yazidis"</a>. Aljazeera America. 19 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISIL+land+mines+frustrate+effort+to+get+aid+to+freed+Mount+Sinjar+Yazidis&rft.pub=Aljazeera+America&rft.date=2014-12-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famerica.aljazeera.com%2Farticles%2F2014%2F12%2F19%2Fpeshmerga-sinjarisil.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJalabi2017" class="citation news cs1">Jalabi, Raya (10 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-yazidis/yazidis-caught-in-political-football-between-baghdad-iraqi-kurds-idUSKBN1E40FZ">"Yazidis caught in 'political football' between Baghdad, Iraqi Kurds"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Yazidis+caught+in+%27political+football%27+between+Baghdad%2C+Iraqi+Kurds&rft.date=2017-12-10&rft.aulast=Jalabi&rft.aufirst=Raya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-mideast-crisis-iraq-yazidis%2Fyazidis-caught-in-political-football-between-baghdad-iraqi-kurds-idUSKBN1E40FZ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.albawaba.com/news/two-yazidi-mass-graves-reportedly-uncovered-iraq-1061884">"Two Yazidi Mass Graves Reportedly Uncovered in Iraq"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Al_Bawaba" title="Al Bawaba">Al Bawaba</a></i>. 16 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Bawaba&rft.atitle=Two+Yazidi+Mass+Graves+Reportedly+Uncovered+in+Iraq&rft.date=2017-12-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.albawaba.com%2Fnews%2Ftwo-yazidi-mass-graves-reportedly-uncovered-iraq-1061884&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=23831&LangID=E">"OHCHR | ISIL's legacy of terror: at least 200 mass graves in Iraq, says UN report"</a>. <i>www.ohchr.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ohchr.org&rft.atitle=OHCHR+%7C+ISIL%27s+legacy+of+terror%3A+at+least+200+mass+graves+in+Iraq%2C+says+UN+report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2FEN%2FNewsEvents%2FPages%2FDisplayNews.aspx%3FNewsID%3D23831%26LangID%3DE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYazda_Documentation_Project2016" class="citation journal cs1">Yazda Documentation Project (28 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/92f016_7ce9af13e1c64a768fc320aae544d323.pdf">"Mass Graves of Yazidis Killed by the Islamic State Organization or Local Affiliates On or After August 3, 2014"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Yazda</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yazda&rft.atitle=Mass+Graves+of+Yazidis+Killed+by+the+Islamic+State+Organization+or+Local+Affiliates+On+or+After+August+3%2C+2014&rft.date=2016-01-28&rft.au=Yazda+Documentation+Project&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.wixstatic.com%2Fugd%2F92f016_7ce9af13e1c64a768fc320aae544d323.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYazda_Documentation_Project2018" class="citation journal cs1">Yazda Documentation Project (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/92f016_b2c5d9bdf3994c1e8994e72c571d107d.pdf">"Working Against the Clock: Documenting Mass Graves of Yazidis Killed by the Islamic State"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Yazda</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yazda&rft.atitle=Working+Against+the+Clock%3A+Documenting+Mass+Graves+of+Yazidis+Killed+by+the+Islamic+State&rft.date=2018&rft.au=Yazda+Documentation+Project&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.wixstatic.com%2Fugd%2F92f016_b2c5d9bdf3994c1e8994e72c571d107d.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191213055637/http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=10591:unitad-working-with-government-of-iraq-to-commence-exhumation-of-mass-grave-site-at-kojo-sinjar-region&Itemid=605&lang=en">"UNITAD working with Government of Iraq to commence exhumation of mass grave site at Kojo, Sinjar Region"</a>. <i>www.uniraq.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=10591:unitad-working-with-government-of-iraq-to-commence-exhumation-of-mass-grave-site-at-kojo-sinjar-region&Itemid=605&lang=en">the original</a> on 13 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.uniraq.org&rft.atitle=UNITAD+working+with+Government+of+Iraq+to+commence+exhumation+of+mass+grave+site+at+Kojo%2C+Sinjar+Region&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uniraq.org%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_k2%26view%3Ditem%26id%3D10591%3Aunitad-working-with-government-of-iraq-to-commence-exhumation-of-mass-grave-site-at-kojo-sinjar-region%26Itemid%3D605%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reliefweb.int/report/iraq/government-iraq-unitad-conclude-first-sinjar-mass-grave-exhumation-kojo-village">"Government of Iraq, UNITAD conclude first Sinjar mass grave exhumation in Kojo village - Iraq"</a>. <i>ReliefWeb</i>. 21 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ReliefWeb&rft.atitle=Government+of+Iraq%2C+UNITAD+conclude+first+Sinjar+mass+grave+exhumation+in+Kojo+village+-+Iraq&rft.date=2019-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freliefweb.int%2Freport%2Firaq%2Fgovernment-iraq-unitad-conclude-first-sinjar-mass-grave-exhumation-kojo-village&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://syriacpress.com/blog/2023/11/02/over-one-thousand-displaced-yezidis-return-to-shigur-shengal-sinjar-iraq-according-to-minister/">"Over one thousand displaced Yezidis return to Shigur (Shengal / Sinjar), Iraq, according to minister"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syriac_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syriac Press (page does not exist)">Syriac Press</a></i>. 2 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Syriac+Press&rft.atitle=Over+one+thousand+displaced+Yezidis+return+to+Shigur+%28Shengal+%2F+Sinjar%29%2C+Iraq%2C+according+to+minister&rft.date=2023-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsyriacpress.com%2Fblog%2F2023%2F11%2F02%2Fover-one-thousand-displaced-yezidis-return-to-shigur-shengal-sinjar-iraq-according-to-minister%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinjar_massacre&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOHCHRUNAMI2014" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights">OHCHR</a>; <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Assistance_Mission_for_Iraq" title="United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq">UNAMI</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/IQ/UNAMI_OHCHR_POC_Report_FINAL_6July_10September2014.pdf">"Report on the Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict in Iraq: 6 July – 10 September 2014"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+on+the+Protection+of+Civilians+in+Armed+Conflict+in+Iraq%3A+6+July+%E2%80%93+10+September+2014&rft.date=2014&rft.au=OHCHR&rft.au=UNAMI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2FDocuments%2FCountries%2FIQ%2FUNAMI_OHCHR_POC_Report_FINAL_6July_10September2014.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinjar+massacre" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref_duplicates_default" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref duplicates default">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinjar_massacre&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/sinjar-mass-grave-of-yazidi-women-discovered-in-iraq-a6735136.html">Sinjar: Mass grave of Yazidi women executed by Isis discovered in Iraq</a> independent.co.uk</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="War_against_the_Islamic_State" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_military_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="Template:International military intervention against the Islamic State"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_military_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="Template talk:International military intervention against the Islamic State"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_military_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International military intervention against the Islamic State"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="War_against_the_Islamic_State" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/War_against_the_Islamic_State" title="War against the Islamic State">War against the Islamic State</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations in Syria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_American_rescue_mission_in_Syria" title="2014 American rescue mission in Syria">American rescue mission</a> (4 July 2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">US intervention in Syria</a> (22 September 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Jordanian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Jordanian intervention in Syria</a> (22 September 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Turkish intervention in Syria</a> (24 August 2016 – 29 March 2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Russian intervention in Syria</a> (30 September 2015 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Chammal" title="Opération Chammal">French intervention in Syria</a> (November 2015 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Shader" title="Operation Shader">British intervention in Syria</a> (2 December 2015 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="German intervention against the Islamic State">German intervention in Syria</a> (4 December 2015 – 12 January 2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Dutch involvement in the Syrian civil war">Dutch involvement in the Syrian civil war</a> (29 January 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Barisha raid</a> (26–27 October 2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations in Iraq & Kurdistan Region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Iranian intervention in Iraq (2014–present)">Iranian-led intervention in Iraq</a> (13 June 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/US-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)" title="US-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">American-led intervention in Iraq</a> (15 June 2014 – 9 December 2021) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Iraq_(2020%E2%80%932021)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2020–2021)">withdrawal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Shader" title="Operation Shader">British intervention in Iraq</a> (9 August 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Okra" title="Operation Okra">Australian intervention in Iraq</a> (31 August 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Impact" title="Operation Impact">Canadian intervention in Iraq</a> (4 September 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Chammal" title="Opération Chammal">French intervention in Iraq</a> (19 September 2014 – present) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Islamic_State_conflict" title="Turkey–Islamic State conflict">Turkey–Islamic State conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="German intervention against the Islamic State">German intervention in Iraq</a> (4 December 2015 – present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations in Libya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2015_Egyptian_airstrikes_in_Libya" title="February 2015 Egyptian airstrikes in Libya">Egyptian airstrikes in Libya</a> (16 February 2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations in Afghanistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State%E2%80%93Taliban_conflict" title="Islamic State–Taliban conflict">Taliban security operations</a> (2015–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">American-led intervention in Afghanistan</a> (2015–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Nangarhar_airstrike" title="2017 Nangarhar airstrike">2017 Nangarhar airstrike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)">Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Tikrit" title="First Battle of Tikrit">First Battle of Tikrit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(August_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)">Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Mosul_Dam" title="Battle for Mosul Dam">Battle for Mosul Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zumar" title="Battle of Zumar">Battle of Zumar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sinjar massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Amirli" title="Siege of Amirli">Siege of Amirli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Koban%C3%AE" title="Siege of Kobanî">Siege of Kobanî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Suq_al_Ghazi" title="Battle of Suq al Ghazi">Battle of Suq al Ghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salahuddin_campaign" title="Salahuddin campaign">Salahuddin campaign (2014–2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baiji_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)">Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2014–2015)">Battle of Ramadi (2014–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baiji_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)">Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2014_Sinjar_offensive" title="December 2014 Sinjar offensive">December 2014 Sinjar offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derna_campaign_(2014%E2%80%932016)" title="Derna campaign (2014–2016)">Derna campaign (2014–2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Eastern al-Hasakah offensive">Eastern al-Hasakah offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Tikrit" title="Second Battle of Tikrit">Second Battle of Tikrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (March–April 2015)">Battle of Sarrin (March–April 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anbar_campaign_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Anbar campaign (2015–2016)">Anbar campaign (2015–2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(May_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (May 2015)">Palmyra offensive (May 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Western al-Hasakah offensive">Western al-Hasakah offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah_city_offensive" title="Al-Hasakah city offensive">Al-Hasakah city offensive (May–June 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Abyad_offensive" title="Tell Abyad offensive">Tell Abyad offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(June%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)">Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2015)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2015)">Battle of al-Hasakah (June–August 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koban%C3%AE_massacre" title="Kobanî massacre">Kobanî massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2015–2016)">Battle of Ramadi (2015–2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_al-Hawl_offensive" title="2015 al-Hawl offensive">2015 al-Hawl offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Sinjar_offensive" title="November 2015 Sinjar offensive">November 2015 Sinjar offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Plains_offensive" title="Nineveh Plains offensive">Nineveh Plains offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishrin_Dam_offensive" title="Tishrin Dam offensive">Tishrin Dam offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fallujah_(2016)" title="Siege of Fallujah (2016)">Siege of Fallujah (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shaddadi_offensive_(2016)" title="Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)">Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(March%E2%80%93June_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016)">Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hit_(2016)" title="Battle of Hit (2016)">Battle of Hit (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirqat_offensive_(2016)" title="Shirqat offensive (2016)">Mosul offensive (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirte_(2016)" title="Battle of Sirte (2016)">Battle of Sirte (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ar-Rutbah_(2016)" title="Battle of Ar-Rutbah (2016)">Battle of Ar-Rutbah (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Raqqa_offensive" title="Northern Raqqa offensive">Northern Raqqa offensive (May 2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="Third Battle of Fallujah">Third Battle of Fallujah (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manbij_offensive" title="Manbij offensive">Manbij offensive (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2016 Abu Kamal offensive">2016 Abu Kamal offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Operation Euphrates Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)">Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)">Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa" title="Battle of Tabqa">Battle of Tabqa (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2017)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2017)">Battle of Raqqa (2017)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2016%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017)">Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tal_Afar_(2017)" title="Battle of Tal Afar (2017)">Battle of Tal Afar (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)">Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hawija" title="Battle of Hawija">Battle of Hawija (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Western_Iraq_campaign" title="2017 Western Iraq campaign">2017 Western Iraq campaign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Defeating_ISIS" title="Defeating ISIS">Defeating ISIS</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_against_the_Islamic_State_aerial_order_of_battle" title="War against the Islamic State aerial order of battle">Aerial order of battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_against_the_Islamic_State_ground_order_of_battle" title="War against the Islamic State ground order of battle">Ground order of battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_the_Islamic_State" title="Iran and the Islamic State">Iran and the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Operation Inherent Resolve">Operation Inherent Resolve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Timeline of US intervention in the Syrian civil war">Timeline of US intervention in the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_military_intervention_in_Cameroon" class="mw-redirect" title="American military intervention in Cameroon">American military intervention in Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Response_of_Saudi_Arabia_to_the_Islamic_State" title="Response of Saudi Arabia to the Islamic State">Response of Saudi Arabia to the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_the_Islamic_State" title="Collaboration with the Islamic State">Collaborationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_awards_and_decorations_of_the_international_military_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="List of military awards and decorations of the international military intervention against the Islamic State">List of military awards and decorations of the international military intervention against the Islamic State</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Islamic_State" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islamic_State" title="Template:Islamic State"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islamic_State" title="Template talk:Islamic State"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islamic_State" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islamic State"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Islamic_State" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Names of the Islamic State">Names of the Islamic State</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_State_members" title="List of Islamic State members">Members</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_Islamic_State" title="List of leaders of the Islamic State">List of leaders</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hafs_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hudhayfah_Al-Ansari" title="Abu Hudhayfah Al-Ansari">Abu Hudhayfah Al-Ansari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qadir_Mumin" title="Abdul Qadir Mumin">Abdul Qadir Mumin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Fatima_al-Jaheishi" title="Abu Fatima al-Jaheishi">Abu Fatima al-Jaheishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yusaf" title="Abu Yusaf">Abu Yusaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Baraa_el-Azdi" title="Abu al-Baraa el-Azdi">Abu al-Baraa el-Azdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Habib_al-Libi" title="Abu Habib al-Libi">Abu Habib al-Libi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Jandal_al-Masri" title="Abu Jandal al-Masri">Abu Jandal al-Masri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulfi_Hoxha" title="Zulfi Hoxha">Zulfi Hoxha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajro_Ikanovi%C4%87" title="Bajro Ikanović">Bajro Ikanović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faysal_Ahmad_Ali_al-Zahrani" title="Faysal Ahmad Ali al-Zahrani">Faysal Ahmad Ali al-Zahrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatiha_Mejjati" title="Fatiha Mejjati">Fatiha Mejjati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahlam_al-Nasr" title="Ahlam al-Nasr">Ahlam al-Nasr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issam_Abuanza" title="Issam Abuanza">Issam Abuanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_Baluku" title="Musa Baluku">Musa Baluku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a> Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ibrahim_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hasan_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hussein_al-Husseini_al-Qurashi" title="Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi">Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ahmad_al-Alwani" title="Abu Ahmad al-Alwani">Abu Ahmad al-Alwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_Bakr" title="Haji Bakr">Haji Bakr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Usamah_al-Maghrebi" title="Abu Usamah al-Maghrebi">Abu Usamah al-Maghrebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Abdulrahman_al-Bilawi" title="Abu Abdulrahman al-Bilawi">Abu Abdulrahman al-Bilawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muhannad_al-Suwaydawi" title="Abu Muhannad al-Suwaydawi">Abu Muhannad al-Suwaydawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rauf_Aliza" title="Abdul Rauf Aliza">Abdul Rauf Aliza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf_(Islamic_State_leader)" title="Abu Sayyaf (Islamic State leader)">Abu Sayyaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Awni_al-Harzi" title="Ali Awni al-Harzi">Ali Awni al-Harzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_al-Harzi" title="Tariq al-Harzi">Tariq al-Harzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Khattab_al-Tunisi" title="Abu Khattab al-Tunisi">Abu Khattab al-Tunisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maher_Meshaal" title="Maher Meshaal">Maher Meshaal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muslim_al-Turkmani" title="Abu Muslim al-Turkmani">Abu Muslim al-Turkmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Saleh" title="Abu Saleh">Abu Saleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihadi_John" title="Jihadi John">Mohammed Emwazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Nabil_al-Anbari" title="Abu Nabil al-Anbari">Abu Nabil al-Anbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ali_al-Anbari" title="Abu Ali al-Anbari">Abu Ali al-Anbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Waheeb" title="Abu Waheeb">Abu Waheeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Aswad_al-Jiburi" title="Ali Aswad al-Jiburi">Ali Aswad al-Jiburi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Omar_al-Shishani" title="Abu Omar al-Shishani">Abu Omar al-Shishani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El-Hassen_Ould_Khalill_Jouleibib" class="mw-redirect" title="El-Hassen Ould Khalill Jouleibib">El-Hassen Ould Khalill Jouleibib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mohammad_al-Adnani" title="Abu Mohammad al-Adnani">Abu Mohammad al-Adnani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hamza_Al-Qurashi" title="Abu Hamza Al-Qurashi">Abu Hamza Al-Qurashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muhammad_al-Furqan" title="Abu Muhammad al-Furqan">Abu Muhammad al-Furqan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Jandal_al-Kuwaiti" title="Abu Jandal al-Kuwaiti">Abu Jandal al-Kuwaiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bilal_al-Harbi" title="Abu Bilal al-Harbi">Abu Bilal al-Harbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Abousamra" title="Ahmad Abousamra">Ahmad Abousamra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turki_al-Binali" title="Turki al-Binali">Turki al-Binali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tareq_Kamleh" title="Tareq Kamleh">Tareq Kamleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavdrim_Muhaxheri" title="Lavdrim Muhaxheri">Lavdrim Muhaxheri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Osama_al-Masri" title="Abu Osama al-Masri">Abu Osama al-Masri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul-Hasan_al-Muhajir" title="Abul-Hasan al-Muhajir">Abul-Hasan al-Muhajir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muhammad_al-Shimali" title="Abu Muhammad al-Shimali">Abu Muhammad al-Shimali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulmurod_Khalimov" title="Gulmurod Khalimov">Gulmurod Khalimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Nasser_Qardash" title="Abdul Nasser Qardash">Abdul Nasser Qardash</a> (captured)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yasser_al-Issawi" title="Abu Yasser al-Issawi">Abu Yasser al-Issawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_Abu_Walid_al-Sahrawi" title="Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi">Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hamza_Al-Qurashi" title="Abu Hamza Al-Qurashi">Abu Hamza Al-Qurashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_al-Hindi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yusuf al-Hindi">Yusuf al-Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Omar_al-Muhajir" title="Abu Omar al-Muhajir">Abu Omar al-Muhajir</a> (captured)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Othman_al-Nazih" title="Othman al-Nazih">Othman al-Nazih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_Udeen_Al-Harith" title="Jamal Udeen Al-Harith">Jamal Udeen Al-Harith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aine_Davis" title="Aine Davis">Aine Davis</a> (captured)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexanda_Kotey" title="Alexanda Kotey">Alexanda Kotey</a> (captured)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Shafee_Elsheikh" title="El Shafee Elsheikh">El Shafee Elsheikh</a> (captured)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Cuspert" title="Denis Cuspert">Denis Cuspert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdelhamid_Abaaoud" title="Abdelhamid Abaaoud">Abdelhamid Abaaoud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boubaker_El_Hakim" title="Boubaker El Hakim">Boubaker El Hakim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Islamic_State" title="History of the Islamic State">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad" title="Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad">Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad</a> (1999–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_Iraq" title="Al-Qaeda in Iraq">Al-Qaeda in Iraq</a> (2004–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujahideen_Shura_Council_(Iraq)" title="Mujahideen Shura Council (Iraq)">Mujahideen Shura Council</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq" title="Islamic State of Iraq">Islamic State of Iraq</a> (2006–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State#Name" title="Islamic State">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a> (2013–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a> (2014–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State">Timeline of events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2013)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2013)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2014)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2014)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2015)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2015)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2016)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2016)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2017)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2017)">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2018)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2018)">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2019)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2019)">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2020)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State#2021" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State#2022" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State#2023" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2024)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2024)">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State#Specific_territorial_claims" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International branches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Khorasan_Province" title="Islamic State – Khorasan Province">Khorasan Province (Afghanistan and Pakistan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Libya_Province" title="Islamic State – Libya Province">Libyan Provinces (Libya)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Caucasus_Province" title="Islamic State – Caucasus Province">Caucasus Province (North Caucasus, Russia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Sinai_Province" title="Islamic State – Sinai Province">Sinai Province (Sinai, Egypt)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Algeria_Province" title="Islamic State – Algeria Province">Algeria Province (Algeria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Yemen_Province" title="Islamic State – Yemen Province">Yemen Province (Yemen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_in_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State in Somalia">Abnaa ul-Khilafah (Somalia and Somaliland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Bengal_Province" title="Islamic State – Bengal Province">Bengal Province (Bangladesh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram (Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad, Niger and Mali)</a> (2015–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_West_Africa_Province" title="Islamic State – West Africa Province">West Africa Province (Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad and Niger)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Central_Africa_Province" title="Islamic State – Central Africa Province">Central Africa Province (DR Congo and Uganda)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Sahil_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State – Sahil Province">Sahil Province (Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Hind_Province" title="Islamic State – Hind Province">Hind Province (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Pakistan_Province" title="Islamic State – Pakistan Province">Pakistan Province ((Pakistan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Turkey_Province" title="Islamic State – Turkey Province">Turkey Province (Turkey)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Mozambique_Province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islamic State – Mozambique Province (page does not exist)">Mozambique Province (Mozambique)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_ibn_al-Walid_Army" title="Khalid ibn al-Walid Army">Khalid ibn al-Walid Army (Syria)</a> (2016–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Omar_Hadid_Brigade" title="Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade">Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade (Gaza)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf" title="Abu Sayyaf">Abu Sayyaf (Philippines)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_Khalifa_Philippines" title="Ansar Khalifa Philippines">Ansar Khalifa (Philippines)</a> (2014–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Khilafah_Brazil" title="Ansar al-Khilafah Brazil">Ansar al-Khilafah Brazil (Brazil)</a> (2016–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Indonesia_Mujahideen" title="East Indonesia Mujahideen">East Indonesia Mujahideen (Indonesia)</a> (2014–2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unorganized cells</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State#Azerbaijan" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Azerbaijan Province (Azerbaijan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Islamic State in Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir Province (Jammu and Kashmir)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_in_Kurdistan" title="Islamic State in Kurdistan">Kurdistan Province (Kurdistan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State#Saudi_Arabia" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Haramayn Province (Saudi Arabia and Bahrain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State#Lebanon_and_Tunisia" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Lebanon Province (Lebanon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State#Lebanon_and_Tunisia" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Jund al Khilafah in Tunisia (Tunisia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brussels_Islamic_State_terror_cell" title="Brussels Islamic State terror cell">Brussels Islamic State terror cell (Belgium)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_and_battles_involving_the_Islamic_State" title="List of wars and battles involving the Islamic State">Wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)">Insurgency (2003–2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_civil_war_(2006%E2%80%932008)" title="Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)">Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">Insurgency (2011–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Iraq_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)">Insurgency (2017–present)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Spillover of the Syrian civil war">Spillover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon">Spillover in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition%E2%80%93Islamic_State_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Opposition–Islamic State conflict during the Syrian civil war">Opposition–Islamic State conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_insurgency" title="Sinai insurgency">Sinai insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)" title="Libyan civil war (2014–2020)">Second Libyan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Cabo_Delgado" title="Insurgency in Cabo Delgado">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel" title="Islamist insurgency in the Sahel">Islamist insurgency in the Sahel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mali_War" title="Mali War">Mali War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State%E2%80%93Taliban_conflict" title="Islamic State–Taliban conflict">Conflict with Taliban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moro_conflict" title="Moro conflict">Moro conflict (1968–2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_insurgency_in_Yemen" title="Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen">al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni civil war (2014–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_against_the_Islamic_State" title="War against the Islamic State">Military intervention against IS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/US-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)" title="US-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">US intervention in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">US intervention in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Russian intervention in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Turkish operation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War_(2009%E2%80%93present)" title="Somali Civil War (2009–present)">Somalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_and_battles_involving_the_Islamic_State" title="List of wars and battles involving the Islamic State">Battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akashat_ambush" title="Akashat ambush">Akashat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Hawija_clashes" title="2013 Hawija clashes">Hawija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2012%E2%80%932013)" title="Raqqa campaign (2012–2013)">Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_al-Shabah" title="Operation al-Shabah">Al-Shabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ras_al-Ayn_(2012%E2%80%9313)" title="Battle of Ras al-Ayn (2012–13)">Ras al-Ayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Abyad_(2013)" title="Battle of Tell Abyad (2013)">Tell Abyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Latakia_offensive" title="2013 Latakia offensive">Latakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Menagh_Air_Base" title="Siege of Menagh Air Base">Menagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sidi_Ali_Ben_Aoun" title="Battle of Sidi Ali Ben Aoun">Sidi Ali Ben Aoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sadad" title="Battle of Sadad">Sadad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qalamoun_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Battle of Qalamoun (2013–2014)">Qalamoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October%E2%80%93December_2013)" title="Aleppo offensive (October–December 2013)">Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Yaarubiyah" title="Battle of al-Yaarubiyah">Al-Yaarubiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Hamis_and_Tell_Brak_(December_2013%E2%80%93January_2014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (December 2013–January 2014)">Tell Hamis and Tell Brak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anbar_campaign_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Anbar campaign (2013–2014)">Anbar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Fallujah" title="Fall of Fallujah">Fallujah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(February%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (February–July 2014)">N Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Markada" title="Battle of Markada">Markada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)">N Iraq (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Mosul" title="Fall of Mosul">Mosul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salahuddin_campaign" title="Salahuddin campaign">Salahuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Baiji" title="Fall of Baiji">Baiji (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Tikrit" title="First Battle of Tikrit">Tikrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(August_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)">N Iraq (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Koban%C3%AE" title="Siege of Kobanî">Kobanî</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sinjar (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derna_campaign_(2014%E2%80%932016)" title="Derna campaign (2014–2016)">Derna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2014–2015)">Ramadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(December_2014)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (December 2014)">Deir ez-Zor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baiji_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)">Baiji (14–15)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2014_Sinjar_offensive" title="December 2014 Sinjar offensive">Sinjar (Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zumar" title="Battle of Zumar">Zumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Amirli" title="Siege of Amirli">Amirli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Nofaliya_(2015)" title="Fall of Nofaliya (2015)">Nofaliya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_West_African_offensive" title="2015 West African offensive">W Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2015_Egyptian_airstrikes_in_Libya" title="February 2015 Egyptian airstrikes in Libya">Egyptian airstrikes in Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Niger_raid" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 Niger raid">Niger raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Eastern al-Hasakah offensive">E al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Tikrit" title="Second Battle of Tikrit">Tikrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirte_(2015)" title="Battle of Sirte (2015)">Sirte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_and_Homs_offensive_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Hama and Homs offensive (March–April 2015)">Hama & Homs (Mar–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (March–April 2015)">Sarrin (Mar–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yarmouk_Camp_(2015)" title="Battle of Yarmouk Camp (2015)">Yarmouk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(May%E2%80%93June_2015)" title="Qalamoun offensive (May–June 2015)">Qalamoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(May_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (May 2015)">Palmyra (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Western al-Hasakah offensive">W al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah_city_offensive" title="Al-Hasakah city offensive">Al-Hasakah city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Abyad_offensive" title="Tell Abyad offensive">Tell Abyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(June%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)">Sarrin (Jun–Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2015)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2015)">Al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koban%C3%AE_massacre" title="Kobanî massacre">Kobani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(July%E2%80%93August_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (July–August 2015)">Palmyra (Jul–Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2015–2016)">Ramadi (15–16)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qaryatayn_(2015)" title="Battle of al-Qaryatayn (2015)">Al-Qaryatayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_al-Hawl_offensive" title="2015 al-Hawl offensive">Al-Hawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homs_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Homs offensive (November–December 2015)">Homs (Nov–Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Sinjar_offensive" title="November 2015 Sinjar offensive">Sinjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016)">E Aleppo (15–16)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Plains_offensive" title="Nineveh Plains offensive">Niveneh Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishrin_Dam_offensive" title="Tishrin Dam offensive">Tishrin Dam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2016)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (2016)">Deir ez-Zor (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fallujah_(2016)" title="Siege of Fallujah (2016)">Fallujah (Feb–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nangarhar_offensive_(2016)" title="Nangarhar offensive (2016)">Nangarhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ben_Guerdane" title="Battle of Ben Guerdane">Ben Guerdane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93March_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (February–March 2016)">Ithriyah-Raqqa (Feb–Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shaddadi_offensive_(2016)" title="Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)">Al-Shaddadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Khanasir_offensive" title="2016 Khanasir offensive">Khanasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qaryatayn_(2016)" title="Battle of al-Qaryatayn (2016)">Al-Qaryatayn (Mar–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(March_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (March 2016)">Palmyra (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(March%E2%80%93June_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016)">N Aleppo (Mar–Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hit_(2016)" title="Battle of Hit (2016)">Hīt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tipo-Tipo" title="Battle of Tipo-Tipo">Tipo-Tipo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirte_(2016)" title="Battle of Sirte (2016)">Sirte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ar-Rutbah_(2016)" title="Battle of Ar-Rutbah (2016)">Ar-Rutbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Raqqa_offensive" title="Northern Raqqa offensive">N Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="Third Battle of Fallujah">Fallujah (May–Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manbij_offensive" title="Manbij offensive">Manbij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(June_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (June 2016)">Ithriyah-Raqqa (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2016 Abu Kamal offensive">Abu Kamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Rai_(August_2016)" title="Battle of al-Rai (August 2016)">al-Rai (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_al-Bab_offensive_(September_2016)" title="Northern al-Bab offensive (September 2016)">N al-Bab (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(September_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (September 2016)">W al-Bab (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Dabiq_offensive" title="2016 Dabiq offensive">Dabiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (October–November 2016)">W al-Bab (Oct–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Bab" title="Battle of al-Bab">Al-Bab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (November–December 2016)">Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(December_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (December 2016)">Palmyra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)">Mosul (16–17)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)">Raqqa (16–17)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(2017)" title="Palmyra offensive (2017)">Palmyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(January%E2%80%93February_2017)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (January–February 2017)">Deir ez-Zor (Jan–Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2017)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2017)">E Aleppo (Jan–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Homs_offensive_(2017)" title="Eastern Homs offensive (2017)">E Homs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_offensive_(March%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Hama offensive (March–April 2017)">Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Western_Nineveh_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Western Nineveh offensive">W Nineveh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa" title="Battle of Tabqa">Tabqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2016%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017)">Syrian Desert (Dec 16–Apr 17)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(May%E2%80%93July_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (May–July 2017)">Syrian Desert (May–Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maskanah_Plains_offensive" title="Maskanah Plains offensive">Maskanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Marawi" title="Siege of Marawi">Marawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2017)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2017)">Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Southern_Raqqa_offensive" title="2017 Southern Raqqa offensive">S Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Syria_campaign" title="Central Syria campaign">C Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tal_Afar_(2017)" title="Battle of Tal Afar (2017)">Tal Afar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)">Deir ez-Zor (17–19)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hawija" title="Battle of Hawija">Hawija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Syria_campaign_(September%E2%80%93December_2017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Syria campaign (September–December 2017)">E Syria (Sep–Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_campaign_(October_2017%E2%80%93February_2018)" title="Northwestern Syria campaign (October 2017–February 2018)">NW Syria (Oct 17–Feb 18)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2017 Abu Kamal offensive">Abu Kamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Western_Iraq_campaign" title="2017 Western Iraq campaign">W Iraq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(June_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (June 2018)">As-Suwayda (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Southern_Syria_offensive" title="2018 Southern Syria offensive">S Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(August%E2%80%93November_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (August–November 2018)">As-Suwayda (Aug–Nov)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)#Battle_of_Hajin" title="Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)">Hajin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani" title="Battle of Baghuz Fawqani">Baghuz Fawqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Barisha raid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chinagodrar" title="Battle of Chinagodrar">Chinagodrar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Danag" title="Battle of Danag">Danag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moc%C3%ADmboa_da_Praia_offensive" title="Mocímboa da Praia offensive">Mocímboa da Praia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Bayda_offensive" title="Al Bayda offensive">Al Bayda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tessit_(2021)" title="Battle of Tessit (2021)">Tessit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Palma" title="Battle of Palma">Palma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sambisa_Forest_(2021)" title="Battle of Sambisa Forest (2021)">Sambisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Adnan_Abu_Walid_al-Sahrawi" title="Killing of Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi">Dangarous</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2022)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2022)">Al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ibrahim_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi#Death" title="Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Atme raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_And%C3%A9ramboukane_(2022)" title="Battle of Andéramboukane (2022)">Andéramboukane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talataye_(2022)" title="Battle of Talataye (2022)">Talataye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Falagountou" title="Battle of Falagountou">Falagountou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State">Attacks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Museum_of_Belgium_shooting" title="Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting">Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Speicher_massacre" title="Camp Speicher massacre">Camp Speicher massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu_ramming_attack" title="2014 Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu ramming attack">Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu ramming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypercacher_kosher_supermarket_siege" title="Hypercacher kosher supermarket siege">Hypercacher kosher supermarket siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_kidnapping_and_beheading_of_Copts_in_Libya" title="2015 kidnapping and beheading of Copts in Libya">Beheading of Copts in Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Corinthia_Hotel_attack" title="2015 Corinthia Hotel attack">Corinthia Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Qubbah_bombings" title="Al Qubbah bombings">Al Qubbah bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardo_National_Museum_attack" title="Bardo National Museum attack">Bardo National Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2015_Sanaa_mosque_bombings" title="March 2015 Sanaa mosque bombings">Sanaa bombings (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Jalalabad_suicide_bombing" title="2015 Jalalabad suicide bombing">Jalalabad bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Culwell_Center_attack" title="Curtis Culwell Center attack">Curtis Culwell Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatif_and_Dammam_mosque_bombings" title="Qatif and Dammam mosque bombings">Qatif & Dammam bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26_June_2015_Islamist_attacks" title="26 June 2015 Islamist attacks">26 June</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koban%C3%AE_massacre" title="Kobanî massacre">Kobanî massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Quentin-Fallavier_attack" title="Saint-Quentin-Fallavier attack">Saint-Quentin-Fallavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Kuwait_mosque_bombing" title="2015 Kuwait mosque bombing">Kuwait mosque bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Sousse_attacks" title="2015 Sousse attacks">Sousse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Khan_Bani_Saad_bombing" title="2015 Khan Bani Saad bombing">Khan Bani Saad bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suru%C3%A7_bombing" title="Suruç bombing">Suruç bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2015_Baghdad_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="August 2015 Baghdad bombing">Baghdad bombing (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2015_Sanaa_mosque_bombing" title="September 2015 Sanaa mosque bombing">Sanaa bombing (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Ankara_bombings" title="2015 Ankara bombings">Ankara bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Saihat_shooting" title="2015 Saihat shooting">Saihat shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrojet_Flight_9268" title="Metrojet Flight 9268">Metrojet Flight 9268</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Beirut_bombings" title="2015 Beirut bombings">Beirut bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks" title="November 2015 Paris attacks">Paris (Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Tunis_bombing" title="2015 Tunis bombing">Tunis bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_San_Bernardino_attack" title="2015 San Bernardino attack">San Bernardino attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Qamishli_bombings" title="2015 Qamishli bombings">Qamishli bombings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zliten_truck_bombing" title="Zliten truck bombing">Zliten truck bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Hurghada_attack" title="2016 Hurghada attack">Hurghada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2016_Istanbul_bombing" title="January 2016 Istanbul bombing">Istanbul bombing (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Jakarta_attacks" title="2016 Jakarta attacks">Jakarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Ramadi_bombing" title="2016 Ramadi bombing">Ramadi bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahasin_mosque_attack" title="Mahasin mosque attack">Mahasin mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="January 2016 Sayyidah Zaynab attack">Sayyidah Zaynab (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Mosul_massacre" title="2016 Mosul massacre">Mosul massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Homs_bombings" title="February 2016 Homs bombings">Homs bombings (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="February 2016 Sayyidah Zaynab bombings">Sayyidah Zaynab bombings (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="February 2016 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2016_Istanbul_bombing" title="March 2016 Istanbul bombing">Istanbul bombing (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Brussels_bombings" title="2016 Brussels bombings">Brussels bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Aden_car_bombing" title="2016 Aden car bombing">Aden bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskandariya_suicide_bombing" title="Iskandariya suicide bombing">Iskandariya bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2016_Baghdad_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="April 2016 Baghdad bombing">Baghdad bombing (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Samawa_bombing" title="2016 Samawa bombing">Samawa bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Gaziantep_bombing" title="May 2016 Gaziantep bombing">Gaziantep bombing (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_May_2016_Baghdad_bombings" title="11 May 2016 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (11 May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Madrid_fan_club_massacres" title="Real Madrid fan club massacres">Real Madrid fan club massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Taji_gas_plant_attack" title="2016 Taji gas plant attack">Baghdad gas plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Yemen_police_bombings" title="May 2016 Yemen police bombings">Yemen police bombings (15 May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2016 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (17 May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Jableh_and_Tartous_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2016 Jableh and Tartous bombings">Jableh & Tartous bombings (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23_May_2016_Yemen_bombings" title="23 May 2016 Yemen bombings">Yemen bombings (23 May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Aktobe_shootings" title="2016 Aktobe shootings">Aktobe shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting" title="Pulse nightclub shooting">Pulse nightclub shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Magnanville_stabbing" title="2016 Magnanville stabbing">Magnanville stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2016_Mukalla_attacks" title="June 2016 Mukalla attacks">Mukalla (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Movida_Bar_grenade_attack" title="2016 Movida Bar grenade attack">Movida Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Atat%C3%BCrk_Airport_attack" title="2016 Atatürk Airport attack">Atatürk Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2016_Dhaka_attack" title="July 2016 Dhaka attack">Dhaka (Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Karrada_bombing" title="2016 Karrada bombing">Karrada bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Ali_al-Hadi_Mausoleum_attack" title="Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hadi Mausoleum attack">Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hadi Mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Nice_truck_attack" title="2016 Nice truck attack">Nice truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg_train_attack" title="Würzburg train attack">Würzburg train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2016_Kabul_bombing" title="July 2016 Kabul bombing">Kabul bombing (Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Ansbach_bombing" title="2016 Ansbach bombing">Ansbach bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Normandy_church_attack" title="2016 Normandy church attack">Normandy church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2016_Qamishli_bombings" title="July 2016 Qamishli bombings">Qamishli bombings (Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_stabbing_of_Charleroi_police_officers" title="2016 stabbing of Charleroi police officers">Charleroi stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shchelkovo_Highway_police_station_attack" title="Shchelkovo Highway police station attack">Shchelkovo Highway police station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2016_Aden_bombing" title="August 2016 Aden bombing">Aden bombing (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_September_2016_Syria_bombings" title="5 September 2016 Syria bombings">Syria bombings (5 Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9_September_2016_Baghdad_bombings" title="9 September 2016 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (9 Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2016_Baghdad_attacks" title="October 2016 Baghdad attacks">Baghdad bombings (Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Quetta_police_training_college_attack" title="2016 Quetta police training college attack">Quetta police college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamam_al-Alil_massacre" title="Hamam al-Alil massacre">Hamam al-Alil massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Khuzdar_bombing" title="2016 Khuzdar bombing">Khuzdar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Samarinda_church_bombing" title="2016 Samarinda church bombing">Samarinda bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2016_Hillah_suicide_truck_bombing" title="November 2016 Hillah suicide truck bombing">Hillah bombing (Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2016_Aden_suicide_bombings" title="December 2016 Aden suicide bombings">Aden bombings (Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botroseya_Church_bombing" title="Botroseya Church bombing">Botroseya bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Al-Karak_attack" title="2016 Al-Karak attack">Al-Karak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Berlin_truck_attack" title="2016 Berlin truck attack">Berlin truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murders_of_Sefter_Ta%C5%9F_and_Fethi_%C5%9Eahin" title="Murders of Sefter Taş and Fethi Şahin">Murders of Sefter Taş and Fethi Şahin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2016_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="December 2016 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (Dec)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul_nightclub_shooting" title="Istanbul nightclub shooting">Istanbul nightclub shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2,_2017_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="January 2, 2017 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (2 Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2017_Azaz_bombing" title="January 2017 Azaz bombing">Azaz bombing (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehwan_suicide_bombing" title="Sehwan suicide bombing">Sehwan bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2017_Kabul_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="March 2017 Kabul attack">Kabul (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Westminster_attack" title="2017 Westminster attack">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Saint_Petersburg_Metro_bombing" title="2017 Saint Petersburg Metro bombing">St Petersburg Metro bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday_church_bombings" title="Palm Sunday church bombings">Egypt church bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Mastung_suicide_bombing" title="2017 Mastung suicide bombing">Mastung bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Arena_bombing" title="Manchester Arena bombing">Manchester Arena bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Jakarta_bombings" title="2017 Jakarta bombings">Jakarta bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Minya_bus_attack" title="2017 Minya bus attack">Minya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Faqma_ice_cream_parlor_bombing" title="Al-Faqma ice cream parlor bombing">Al-Faqma bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_London_Bridge_attack" title="2017 London Bridge attack">London Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Brighton_siege" title="2017 Brighton siege">Brighton siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Tehran_attacks" title="2017 Tehran attacks">Tehran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2017_Pakistan_attacks" title="June 2017 Pakistan attacks">Pakistan attacks (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Hurghada_attack" title="2017 Hurghada attack">Hurghada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2017_Quetta_suicide_bombing" title="August 2017 Quetta suicide bombing">Quetta bombing (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Barcelona_attacks" title="2017 Barcelona attacks">Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2017_Brussels_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="August 2017 Brussels attack">Brussels (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Nasiriyah_attacks" title="2017 Nasiriyah attacks">Nasiriyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_October_2017_Afghanistan_attacks" title="20 October 2017 Afghanistan attacks">Afghanistan (20 Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_New_York_City_truck_attack" title="2017 New York City truck attack">New York City truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Sinai_mosque_attack" title="2017 Sinai mosque attack">Sinai mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_December_2017_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="28 December 2017 Kabul suicide bombing">Kabul bombing (28 Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Saint_Menas_church" title="Attack on Saint Menas church">Saint Menas church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Baghdad_bombings" title="2018 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_the_Children_Jalalabad_attack" title="Save the Children Jalalabad attack">Save The Children Jalalabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizlyar_church_shooting" title="Kizlyar church shooting">Kizlyar church shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2018_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="March 2018 Kabul suicide bombing">Kabul bombing (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcassonne_and_Tr%C3%A8bes_attack" title="Carcassonne and Trèbes attack">Carcasonne & Trèbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_April_2018_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="22 April 2018 Kabul suicide bombing">Kabul bombing (22 Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_April_2018_Kabul_suicide_bombings" title="30 April 2018 Kabul suicide bombings">Kabul bombings (30 Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_attack_on_the_High_National_Elections_Commission_in_Tripoli,_Libya" title="2018 attack on the High National Elections Commission in Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Mako_Brimob_standoff" title="2018 Mako Brimob standoff">Mako Brimob standoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Paris_knife_attack" title="2018 Paris knife attack">Paris knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surabaya_bombings" title="Surabaya bombings">Surabaya bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Li%C3%A8ge_attack" title="2018 Liège attack">Liège</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2018_Jalalabad_suicide_bombing" title="July 2018 Jalalabad suicide bombing">Jalalabad bombing (Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Mastung_and_Bannu_bombings" title="2018 Mastung and Bannu bombings">Mastung & Bannu bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Quetta_suicide_bombing" title="2018 Quetta suicide bombing">Quetta bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_As-Suwayda_attacks" title="2018 As-Suwayda attacks">As-Suwayda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Tajikistan_tourist_attack" title="2018 Tajikistan tourist attack">Tajikistan attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2018_Kabul_attacks" title="September 2018 Kabul attacks">Kabul (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahvaz_military_parade_attack" title="Ahvaz military parade attack">Ahvaz military parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Minya_bus_attack" title="2018 Minya bus attack">Minya bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Melbourne_stabbing_attack" title="2018 Melbourne stabbing attack">Melbourne stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murders_of_Louisa_Vesterager_Jespersen_and_Maren_Ueland" title="Murders of Louisa Vesterager Jespersen and Maren Ueland">Murders of Louisa Vesterager Jespersen and Maren Ueland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Jolo_Cathedral_bombings" title="2019 Jolo Cathedral bombings">Jolo Cathedral bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Sri_Lanka_Easter_bombings" title="2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings">Sri Lanka Easter bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainthamaruthu_shootout" title="Sainthamaruthu shootout">Sainthamaruthu shootout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_August_2019_Kabul_bombing" title="17 August 2019 Kabul bombing">Kabul bombing (17 Aug)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6_March_2020_Kabul_shooting" title="6 March 2020 Kabul shooting">Kabul shooting (6 Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabul_gurdwara_attack" title="Kabul gurdwara attack">Kabul gurdwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xitaxi_massacre" title="Xitaxi massacre">Xitaxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="May 2020 Afghanistan attacks">Afghanistan (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalalabad_prison_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalalabad prison attack">Jalalabad prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Jolo_bombings" title="2020 Jolo bombings">Jolo bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Kabul_University_attack" title="2020 Kabul University attack">Kabul University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Vienna_attack" title="2020 Vienna attack">Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="December 2020 Afghanistan attacks">Afghanistan (Dec)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Machh_attack" title="2021 Machh attack">Machh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2021_Baghdad_bombings" title="January 2021 Baghdad bombings">January Baghdad bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kabul_school_bombing" title="2021 Kabul school bombing">Kabul school bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kabul_airport_attack" title="2021 Kabul airport attack">Kabul airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kunduz_mosque_bombing" title="2021 Kunduz mosque bombing">Kunduz bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kandahar_bombing" title="2021 Kandahar bombing">Kandahar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Uganda_bombings" title="2021 Uganda bombings">Kampala bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kabul_hospital_attack" title="2021 Kabul hospital attack">Kabul hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Diyala_massacre" title="2022 Diyala massacre">Diyala massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Peshawar_mosque_attack" title="2022 Peshawar mosque attack">Peshawar mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Hadera_shooting" title="2022 Hadera shooting">Hadera shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Mazar-i-Sharif_mosque_bombing" title="2022 Mazar-i-Sharif mosque bombing">Mazar-i-Sharif mosque bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Mazar-i-Sharif_minivan_bombings" title="2022 Mazar-i-Sharif minivan bombings">Mazar-i-Sharif minivan bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourasso_and_Namissiguima_massacres" title="Bourasso and Namissiguima massacres">Bourasso and Namissiguima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuje_prison_break" title="Kuje prison break">Kuje prison break</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_August_2022_Kabul_bombing" title="5 August 2022 Kabul bombing">5 August Kabul bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2022_Kabul_mosque_bombing" title="August 2022 Kabul mosque bombing">August Kabul mosque bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_the_Russian_embassy_in_Kabul" title="Bombing of the Russian embassy in Kabul">Bombing of the Russian embassy in Kabul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Shah_Cheragh_attack" title="2022 Shah Cheragh attack">Shah Cheragh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kabul_hotel_attack" title="2022 Kabul hotel attack">Kabul hotel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Kabul_airport_bombing" title="2023 Kabul airport bombing">Kabul airport bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_Afghanistan_bombing" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan bombing">Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Al-Sukhnah_attack" title="2023 Al-Sukhnah attack">Al-Sukhnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Hama_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Hama attack">Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Khar_bombing" title="2023 Khar bombing">Khar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arras_school_stabbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Arras school stabbing">Arras school stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Pul-i-Khumri_bombing" title="2023 Pul-i-Khumri bombing">Pul-i-Khumri bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Brussels_shooting" title="2023 Brussels shooting">Brussels shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2023_Kabul_bombing" title="November 2023 Kabul bombing">Kabul bombing (Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Paris_attack" title="2023 Paris attack">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindanao_State_University_bombing" title="Mindanao State University bombing">Mindanao State University bombing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kerman_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerman bombings">Kerman bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Istanbul_church_shooting" title="2024 Istanbul church shooting">Istanbul church shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Balochistan_bombings" title="2024 Balochistan bombings">Balochistan bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Sibi_bombing" title="2024 Sibi bombing">Sibi bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mucojo_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Mucojo attack">Mucojo attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Karabulak_clash" title="2024 Karabulak clash">Karabulak clash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Kandahar_New_Kabul_Bank_bombing" title="2024 Kandahar New Kabul Bank bombing">Kandahar New Kabul Bank bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Tillab%C3%A9ri_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Tillabéri attack">Tillabéri attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocus_City_Hall_attack" title="Crocus City Hall attack">Crocus City Hall attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Guzara_Attack" title="2024 Guzara Attack">2024 Guzara Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Bamyan_shooting" title="2024 Bamyan shooting">2024 Bamyan shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Beirut_US_embassy_shooting" title="2024 Beirut US embassy shooting">2024 Beirut US embassy shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don_pre-trial_detention_center_hostage_crisis" title="Rostov-on-Don pre-trial detention center hostage crisis">Rostov-on-Don pre-trial detention center hostage crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Dagestan_attacks" title="2024 Dagestan attacks">2024 Dagestan attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_attack_on_the_Israeli_embassy_in_Belgrade" title="2024 attack on the Israeli embassy in Belgrade">2024 attack on the Israeli embassy in Belgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Muscat_mosque_shooting" title="2024 Muscat mosque shooting">2024 Muscat mosque shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Kabul_bus_bombing" title="2024 Kabul bus bombing">2024 Kabul bus bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surovikino_penal_colony_hostage_crisis" title="Surovikino penal colony hostage crisis">Surovikino penal colony hostage crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Solingen_stabbing" title="2024 Solingen stabbing">2024 Solingen stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Qala_Bakhtiar_bombing" title="2024 Qala Bakhtiar bombing">2024 Qala Bakhtiar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Afghanistan_bus_shooting" title="2024 Afghanistan bus shooting">2024 Afghanistan bus shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Qusar_attack" title="2024 Qusar attack">2024 Qusar attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics and organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finances_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Finances of the Islamic State">Finances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideology_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Ideology of the Islamic State">Ideology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_Health_Service" title="Islamic State Health Service">Medicare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Military of the Islamic State">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armoured_warfare_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Armoured warfare of the Islamic State">Armoured warfare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Islamic_State-controlled_territory" title="Human rights in Islamic State-controlled territory">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Christians_by_the_Islamic_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide of Christians by the Islamic State">Genocide of Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Shias_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Persecution of Shias by the Islamic State">Persecution of Shias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Yazidis_by_the_Islamic_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide of Yazidis by the Islamic State">Genocide of Yazidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen_genocide" title="Iraqi Turkmen genocide">Genocide of Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_gay_and_bisexual_men_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Persecution of gay and bisexual men by the Islamic State">Persecution of gay and bisexual men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_captives_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Killing of captives by the Islamic State">Killing of captives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_beheading_incidents" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State beheading incidents">Beheading incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_cultural_heritage_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Destruction of cultural heritage by the Islamic State">Destruction of cultural heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISIS_occupation_of_Mosul" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIS occupation of Mosul">Occupation of Mosul</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_executions_in_ISIL-occupied_Mosul" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass executions in ISIL-occupied Mosul">Executions in Mosul</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_the_Islamic_State" title="Iran and the Islamic State">Iran and the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines_and_the_Islamic_State" title="Philippines and the Islamic State">Philippines and the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_and_the_Islamic_State" title="United Kingdom and the Islamic State">United Kingdom and the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_and_the_Islamic_State" title="Trinidad and Tobago and the Islamic State">Trinidad and Tobago and the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_fighters_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War_and_War_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign fighters in the Syrian Civil War and War in Iraq">Foreign fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_changes_due_to_the_Islamic_State" title="Name changes due to the Islamic State">Name changes due to the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrayal_of_the_Islamic_State_in_American_media" title="Portrayal of the Islamic State in American media">Portrayal of the Islamic State in American media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein_and_al-Qaeda_link_allegations" title="Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations">Connection with Saddam Regime and Baath Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_State_members" title="List of Islamic State members">Members</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brussels_Islamic_State_terror_cell" title="Brussels Islamic State terror cell">Terrorist cell in Brussels</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Territorial claims</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Barakah_(Islamic_State_administrative_district)" title="Al-Barakah (Islamic State administrative district)">al-Barakah district</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_the_Islamic_State" title="Collaboration with the Islamic State">Collaboration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Second_Message_to_America" title="A Second Message to America">A Second Message to America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bayan_(radio_station)" title="Al-Bayan (radio station)">Al-Bayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Furat_Media_Center" title="Al-Furat Media Center">Al-Furat Media Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hayat_Media_Center" title="Al-Hayat Media Center">Al-Hayat Media Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Naba" title="Al-Naba">Al-Naba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaq_News_Agency" title="Amaq News Agency">Amaq News Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dar_al-Islam_(magazine)" title="Dar al-Islam (magazine)">Dar al-Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabiq_(magazine)" title="Dabiq (magazine)">Dabiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawlat_al-Islam_Qamat" class="mw-redirect" title="Dawlat al-Islam Qamat">Dawlat al-Islam Qamat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huroof" title="Huroof">Huroof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%27lam_foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="I'lam foundation">I'lam foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istok_(magazine)" title="Istok (magazine)">Istok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantiniyye_(magazine)" title="Konstantiniyye (magazine)">Konstantiniyye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumiyah_(magazine)" title="Rumiyah (magazine)">Rumiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fatihin_Magazine" title="Al-Fatihin Magazine">Al-Fatihin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salil_al-Sawarim" title="Salil al-Sawarim">Salil al-Sawarim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Defeating_ISIS" title="Defeating ISIS">Defeating ISIS</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISIS-chan" title="ISIS-chan">ISIS-chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millenarianism" title="Millenarianism">Millenarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence_in_the_Iraqi_insurgency" title="Sexual violence in the Iraqi insurgency">Sexual violence in the Iraqi insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia%E2%80%93Sunni_relations" title="Shia–Sunni relations">Shia–Sunni relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_21st-century_jihadism" title="Slavery in 21st-century jihadism">Slavery in 21st-century jihadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sinjar_massacre&params=36.3167_N_41.8500_E_source:wikidata-and-enwiki-cat-tree_region:IQ"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°19′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">41°51′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.3167°N 41.8500°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.3167; 41.8500</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sinjar_massacre&oldid=1256484063">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sinjar_massacre&oldid=1256484063</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2014_murders_in_Iraq" title="Category:2014 murders in Iraq">2014 murders in Iraq</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Massacres_in_2014" title="Category:Massacres in 2014">Massacres in 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_operations_of_the_Iraqi_Civil_War_in_2014" title="Category:Military operations of the Iraqi Civil War in 2014">Military operations of the Iraqi Civil War in 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:August_2014_events_in_Iraq" title="Category:August 2014 events in Iraq">August 2014 events in Iraq</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:August_2014_crimes_in_Asia" title="Category:August 2014 crimes in Asia">August 2014 crimes in Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Massacres_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)_perpetrated_by_ISIL" title="Category:Massacres of the War in Iraq (2013–2017) perpetrated by ISIL">Massacres of the War in Iraq (2013–2017) perpetrated by ISIL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_operations_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)_involving_the_Peshmerga" title="Category:Military operations of the War in Iraq (2013–2017) involving the Peshmerga">Military operations of the War in Iraq (2013–2017) involving the Peshmerga</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_operations_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)_involving_Australia" title="Category:Military operations of the War in Iraq (2013–2017) involving Australia">Military operations of the War in Iraq (2013–2017) involving Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_operations_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)_involving_the_People%27s_Protection_Units" title="Category:Military operations of the War in Iraq (2013–2017) involving the People's Protection Units">Military operations of the War in Iraq (2013–2017) involving the People's Protection Units</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_operations_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)_involving_the_PKK" title="Category:Military operations of the War in Iraq (2013–2017) involving the PKK">Military operations of the War in Iraq (2013–2017) involving the PKK</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_operations_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)_involving_the_United_States" title="Category:Military operations of the War in Iraq (2013–2017) involving the United States">Military operations of the War in Iraq (2013–2017) involving the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2014_in_Iraqi_Kurdistan" title="Category:2014 in Iraqi Kurdistan">2014 in Iraqi Kurdistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Persecution_of_Yazidis_by_ISIL" title="Category:Persecution of Yazidis by ISIL">Persecution of Yazidis by ISIL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Terrorist_incidents_in_Iraq_in_2014" title="Category:Terrorist incidents in Iraq in 2014">Terrorist incidents in Iraq in 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islamic_terrorist_incidents_in_2014" title="Category:Islamic terrorist incidents in 2014">Islamic terrorist incidents in 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Persecution_of_Yazidis_in_Iraq" title="Category:Persecution of Yazidis in Iraq">Persecution of Yazidis in Iraq</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Massacres_of_ethnic_groups" title="Category:Massacres of ethnic groups">Massacres of ethnic groups</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Persecution_of_Kurds_in_Iraq" title="Category:Persecution of Kurds in Iraq">Persecution of Kurds in Iraq</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sexual_abuse_scandals_in_Islam" title="Category:Sexual abuse scandals in Islam">Sexual abuse scandals in Islam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sexual_violence_during_the_War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="Category:Sexual violence during the War in Iraq (2013–2017)">Sexual violence during the War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_bare_URLs_for_citations" title="Category:All articles with bare URLs for citations">All articles with bare URLs for citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_bare_URLs_for_citations_from_March_2022" title="Category:Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022">Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_PDF_format_bare_URLs_for_citations" title="Category:Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations">Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_July_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from July 2024">Use dmy dates from July 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Kurdish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Kurdish-language text">Articles containing Kurdish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_November_2015" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from November 2015">Articles to be expanded from November 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_expanded" title="Category:All articles to be expanded">All articles to be expanded</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2020" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020">Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_ref_duplicates_default" title="Category:CS1 maint: ref duplicates default">CS1 maint: ref duplicates default</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_video_clips" title="Category:Articles containing video clips">Articles containing video clips</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 November 2024, at 03:55<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sinjar_massacre&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-kkwjr","wgBackendResponseTime":158,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.163","walltime":"1.395","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7340,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":304572,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":16568,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":12,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":316583,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1111.436 1 -total"," 37.67% 418.681 1 Template:Reflist"," 18.99% 211.045 36 Template:Cite_news"," 10.40% 115.583 33 Template:Cite_web"," 10.24% 113.805 1 Template:Langx"," 8.02% 89.151 1 Template:Infobox_military_conflict"," 7.52% 83.603 1 Template:Campaignbox_Iraq_War_(2014–present)"," 6.92% 76.958 1 Template:Campaignbox"," 5.79% 64.301 1 Template:Short_description"," 4.65% 51.690 4 Template:Sfn"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.649","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":21672358,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAddamah2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAustralian_Embassy,_Iraq\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlair2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCetorelli2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChulovBorgerNorton-TaylorRoberts2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFColgrass\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCooperShear2014\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFCorenCarter\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCumming-Bruce2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeYoungWhitlock2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDitzBeste2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGidman2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHama2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJ._CarterTawfeeqStarr2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJalabi2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevs2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLinda_Kelly2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNoack2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOHCHRUNAMI2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPamuk2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaul_Cruickshank2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRUBIN2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoussinos2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRubin2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSalihvan_Wilgenburg2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShelton2014\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSiddique2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSlyWhitlock2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith-Spark2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpencer2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYazda_Documentation_Project2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYazda_Documentation_Project2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZavadski\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"2014 military intervention against ISIS\"] = 1,\n [\"Bare URL PDF\"] = 2,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Campaignbox Iraq War (2014–present)\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 36,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 33,\n [\"Clear\"] = 1,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"Expand section\"] = 1,\n [\"Flag\"] = 8,\n [\"Flagicon\"] = 6,\n [\"Flagicon image\"] = 4,\n [\"Format link\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox military conflict\"] = 1,\n [\"Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant\"] = 1,\n [\"KIA\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 3,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 3,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 2,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 4,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Start date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-nr7wb","timestamp":"20241128024905","ttl":249061,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Sinjar massacre","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sinjar_massacre","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q17514354","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q17514354","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2014-08-04T15:41:48Z","dateModified":"2024-11-10T03:55:42Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/1f\/Mountainside_fields.jpg","headline":"Mass genocide and kidnapping carried out by ISIS"}</script> </body> </html>