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dropdown.classList.toggle("show"); // Close other dropdowns const otherDropdowns = document.querySelectorAll(".navbar-dropdown.show"); otherDropdowns.forEach((otherDropdown) => { if (otherDropdown !== dropdown) { otherDropdown.classList.remove("show"); } }); event.stopPropagation(); } }); }); // Event listener for clicks outside the dropdown document.addEventListener("click", function (event) { const dropdowns = document.querySelectorAll(".navbar-dropdown.show"); dropdowns.forEach((dropdown) => { // Close the dropdown if the clicked target is outside of the dropdown if (!dropdown.parentElement.contains(event.target)) { dropdown.classList.remove("show"); } }); }); </script> </header> <div class="container mx-auto pb-5 mt-32" data-astro-cid-tnnyocjb> <h1 class="pagetitle" data-astro-cid-tnnyocjb>Saqqara Canon king list</h1> </div> <div class="container mx-auto" data-astro-cid-tnnyocjb> <div class="block md:grid grid-cols-12 gap-10 px-3" data-astro-cid-tnnyocjb> <article class="text-base col-span-12 lg:col-span-9 z-10 max-w-3xl leading-7 font-normal" data-astro-cid-tnnyocjb> <section class="page-content"> <div class="container">   <div><div class="pb-5"><p class="lead mb-3">The Saqqara Canon (a.k.a. Saqqara Tablet) contains a list of Egyptian pharaohs. Mariette wrote of the discovery to his patron Vicomte de Rougé in <a href="/pdf/RevArch1860ii.pdf" target="_blank" title="Click to read" class="font-normal">March of 1860</a>, but the list was not published until 1864.</p> <p>It was inscribed on a wall in a funerary shrine above the tomb of a lector-priest by the name <img class="inline h-5 dark:invert hover:scale-[7] cursor-help transition-all duration-700 hover:bg-white " src="/svg/twnry.svg" alt="Gardiner: V13-G43-N35-Z2-D21-Z1-M17-M17" /> Tjunery (<tlit aria-hidden="true">ṯwnry</tlit>), who lived during the reign of Ramesses <span aria-label="two">II</span>. The location of the tomb is lost, but supposedly south of Djoser's step pyramid, close to the pyramid of Unas, between the Monastery and Sekhemkhet’s enclosure.</p> <p>The inscription originally listed 58 kings in two rows of 29 kings each, in reverse chronological order, starting with Ramesses <span aria-label="two">II</span>, going backwards to Adjib. It was discovered in eight parts, with a section missing, which was searched for but never found. It is assigned inventory number <i>JE 11335 (CG 34516)</i>, and is on display in Hall 9 at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.</p> <p>It was written in the tradition of Lower Egypt, i.e. preferring honored ancestors with a strong affinity in Lower Egypt. The purpose of the list was to show celebrated "ancestors," and was not meant to be a complete chronological list, apparent by the exclusion of Hatshepsut and the heretic Amarna pharaohs.</p> <p>Cartouche 39 was recorded by Mariette in 1864 containing the name Menkaura, but this is the only attestation for this. In all subsequent line drawings, the cartouche is drawn as unreadable, so the reading can not be trusted, it was likely added by Mariette.</p> <div class="py-5"><img loading="lazy" class="" src="/images/canon-sc.png" alt="Saqqara Canon king list" /></div> <p>Curiously, the New Kingdom kinglists have differing numbers of kings for the Fourth Dynasty. Abydos holds six kings (20-25), Saqqara nine (43-35) and the Royal Canon of Turin eight (4.9-16). At some point, the records of the Fourth Dynasty suffered damage that resulted in incompletely preserved archives for posterity. Centuries later, scribes accessing the archives for information about the ancient kings either failed to realize that the records were incomplete, or misinterpreted the contents. The variation in the three king lists is puzzling.</p></div></div> <div><div class="relative grid grid-cols-1 justify-center overflow-hidden gap-6 p-1 sm:p-5 align-middle"><div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/01.svg" alt="Cartouche of Ramesses II"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">User Maat Ra, setep en Ra</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>wsr-mꜢꜤt-rꜤ stp.n-rꜤ</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">The justice of Ra is powerful, chosen of Ra</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 1</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ramesses-II">Ramesses II</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/02.svg" alt="Cartouche of Seti I"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Men Maat Ra</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>mn-mꜢꜤt-rꜤ</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">Eternal is the Truth of Ra</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 2</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Seti-I">Seti I</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/03.svg" alt="Cartouche of Ramesses I"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Men pehty Ra</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>mn-pḥti-rꜤ</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">Eternal is the Strength of Ra</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 3</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ramesses-I">Ramesses I</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/04.svg" alt="Cartouche of Horemheb"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Djoser kheperu Ra, setep en Ra</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>ḏsr-ḫprw stp-n-rꜤ</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">Holy are of the manifestations of Ra, chosen of Ra</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 4</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Horemheb">Horemheb</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/05.svg" alt="Cartouche of Amenhotep III"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Neb Maat Ra</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>nb-mꜢꜤt-rꜤ</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">The possessor of the Maat of Ra</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 5</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Amenhotep-III">Amenhotep III</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/06.svg" alt="Cartouche of Thutmose IV"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Men kheperu Ra</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>mn-ḫprw-rꜤ</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">Established manifestations of Ra</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 6</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Thutmose-IV">Thutmose IV</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/07.svg" alt="Cartouche of Amenhotep II"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Aa kheperu Ra</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>ꜤꜢ-ḫprw-rꜤ</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">Great are the manifestations of Ra</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 7</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Amenhotep-II">Amenhotep II</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/08.svg" alt="Cartouche of Thutmose III"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Men kheper Ra</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>mn-ḫpr-rꜤ</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">Lasting is the Manifestation of Ra</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 8</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Thutmose-III">Thutmose III</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/09.svg" alt="Cartouche of Thutmose II"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Aa kheper en Ra</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>ꜤꜢ-ḫpr-n-rꜤ</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">Great is the manifestation of Ra</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 9</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Thutmose-II">Thutmose II</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/10.svg" alt="Cartouche of Thutmose I"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Aa kheper ka Ra</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>ꜤꜢ-ḫpr-kꜢ-rꜤ</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">Great is the manifestation of the soul of Ra</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 10</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Thutmose-I">Thutmose I</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/11.svg" alt="Cartouche of Amenhotep I"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Djoser ka Ra</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>ḏsr-kꜢ-rꜤ</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">Holy is the soul of Ra</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 11</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Amenhotep-I">Amenhotep I</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/12.svg" alt="Cartouche of Ahmose I"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Neb pehty Ra</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>nb-pḥti-rꜤ</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">The Lord of the might is Ra</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 12</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ahmose-I">Ahmose I</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/13.svg" alt="Cartouche of Mentuhotep II"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Neb hapet Ra</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>nb-ḥꜢpt-rꜤ</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">The Lord of the rudder is Ra</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 13</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Mentuhotep-II">Mentuhotep II</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/14.svg" alt="Cartouche of Mentuhotep III"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Sankh ka Ra</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>s-Ꜥnḫ-kꜢ-rꜤ</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">The one whom the ka of Ra has sustained</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 14</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Mentuhotep-III">Mentuhotep III</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/15.svg" alt="Cartouche of Amenemhat I"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Sehotep ib Ra</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>s-ḥtp-ib-rꜤ</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">He who satisfies the heart of Ra</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 15</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Amenemhat-I">Amenemhat I</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/16.svg" alt="Cartouche of Senusret I"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Kheper ka Ra</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>ḫpr-kꜢ-rꜤ</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">The Ka of Ra is created</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 16</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Senusret-I">Senusret I</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/17.svg" alt="Cartouche of Amenemhat II"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Nebu ka Ra</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>nbw-kꜢ-rꜤ</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">Golden are the souls of Ra</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 17</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Amenemhat-II">Amenemhat II</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/18.svg" alt="Cartouche of Senusret II"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Kha kheper Ra</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>ḫꜤ-ḫpr-rꜤ</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">The appearance of the manifestation of Ra</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 18</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Senusret-II">Senusret II</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/19.svg" alt="Cartouche of Senusret III"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Kha ka Ra</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>ḫꜤ-kꜢ-rꜤ</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">The appearance of the kas of Ra</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 19</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Senusret-III">Senusret III</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/20.svg" alt="Cartouche of Amenemhat III"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Ni Maat Ra</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>ni-mꜢꜤt-rꜤ</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">He who belongs to the Maat of Ra</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 20</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Amenemhat-III">Amenemhat III</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/21.svg" alt="Cartouche of Amenemhat IV"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Maa kheru Ra</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>mꜢꜤ-ḫrw-rꜤ</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">The righteous one of Ra</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 21</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Amenemhat-IV">Amenemhat IV</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/22.svg" alt="Cartouche of Neferusobek"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Sobek ka Ra</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>sbk-kꜢ-rꜤ</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">The ka of Sobek-Ra</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 22</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Neferusobek">Neferusobek</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/23.svg" alt="Cartouche of Pepi II"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Nefer ka Ra</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>nfr-kꜢ-rꜤ</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">The perfect one of the ka of Ra</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 23</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Pepi-II">Pepi II</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/24.svg" alt="Cartouche of Nemtiemsaf I"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Mer en Ra</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>mr-n-rꜤ</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">The one whom Ra has loved</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 24</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Nemtiemsaf-I">Nemtiemsaf I</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/25.svg" alt="Cartouche of Pepi I"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Pepi</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>pipi</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">Pepi</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 25</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Pepi-I">Pepi I</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/26.svg" alt="Cartouche of Teti"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Teti</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>tti</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">Teti</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 26</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Teti">Teti</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/27.svg" alt="Cartouche of Unas"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Unas</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>wnis</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">The one who truly exists</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 27</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Unas">Unas</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/28.svg" alt="Cartouche of Djedkara Isesi"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Maat ka Ra</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>mꜢꜤt-kꜢ-rꜤ</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">The soul of Ra is justified</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 28</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Djedkara-Isesi">Djedkara Isesi</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/29.svg" alt="Cartouche of Menkauhor Kaiu"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Men ka Hor</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>mn-kꜢ-ḥr</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">The established one of the ka of Horus</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 29</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Menkauhor-Kaiu">Menkauhor Kaiu</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/30.svg" alt="Cartouche of Neferefra Isi"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Kha nefer Ra</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>ḫꜤ-nfr-rꜤ</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">The appearance of the perfection of Ra</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 30</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Neferefra-Isi">Neferefra Isi</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/31.svg" alt="Cartouche of Shepseskara Netjeruser"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Shepses ka Ra</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>špss-kꜢ-rꜤ</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">The noble one of the ka of Ra</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 31</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Shepseskara-Netjeruser">Shepseskara Netjeruser</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/32.svg" alt="Cartouche of Neferirkara I Kakai"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Nefer ir ka Ra</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>nfr-ir-kꜢ-rꜤ</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">The perfect one whom the ka of Ra has made</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 32</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Neferirkara-I-Kakai">Neferirkara I Kakai</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/33.svg" alt="Cartouche of Sahura"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Sahu Ra</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>sꜢḥw-rꜤ</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">Ra has endowed me</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 33</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sahura">Sahura</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/34.svg" alt="Cartouche of Userkaf"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">User kaf</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>wsr-kꜢ-f</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">His ka is strong</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 34</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Userkaf">Userkaf</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/00.svg" alt="Cartouche of Q"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Unreadable</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center">—</p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">Hieroglyphs destroyed</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 35</div> <div class="text-base"><b>Unknown</b></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/00.svg" alt="Cartouche of Q"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Unreadable</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center">—</p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">Hieroglyphs destroyed</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 36</div> <div class="text-base"><b>Unknown</b></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/00.svg" alt="Cartouche of Q"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Unreadable</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center">—</p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">Hieroglyphs destroyed</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 37</div> <div class="text-base"><b>Unknown</b></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/00.svg" alt="Cartouche of Q"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Unreadable</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center">—</p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">Hieroglyphs destroyed</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 38</div> <div class="text-base"><b>Unknown</b></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/39.svg" alt="Cartouche of Menkaura"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Men kau Ra</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>mn-kꜢ.w-rꜤ</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">Hieroglyphs destroyed. Incorrectly shown by Mariette 1864.</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 39</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Menkaura">Menkaura</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/40.svg" alt="Cartouche of Khafra"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Khaf Ra</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>ḫꜤ.w-f-rꜤ</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">He appears (as) Ra</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 40</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Khafra">Khafra</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/41.svg" alt="Cartouche of Radjedef"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Djedef Ra</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>ḏd-f-rꜤ</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">Ra is his stability</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 41</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Radjedef">Radjedef</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/42.svg" alt="Cartouche of Khufu"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Khufu</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>ḫwfw</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">He protects me</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 42</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Khufu">Khufu</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/43.svg" alt="Cartouche of Sneferu"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Sneferu</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>s-nfr-w</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">He has perfected me</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 43</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sneferu">Sneferu</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/44.svg" alt="Cartouche of Huni"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Huni</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>ḥw-ni</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">The smiter</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 44</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Huni">Huni</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/45.svg" alt="Cartouche of Nebkara"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Neb ka Ra</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>nb-kꜢ-rꜤ</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">The Lord of the ka of Ra</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 45</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Nebkara">Nebkara</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/46.svg" alt="Cartouche of Sekhemkhet"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Djoser Teti</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>ḏsr-tti</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">Teti is sacred</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 46</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sekhemkhet">Sekhemkhet</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/47.svg" alt="Cartouche of Djoser"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Djoser</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>ḏsr</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">The sacred one</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 47</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Djoser">Djoser</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/48.svg" alt="Cartouche of Khasekhemwy"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Beby</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>bby</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">Beby</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 48</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Khasekhemwy">Khasekhemwy</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/49.svg" alt="Cartouche of Hudjefa I"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Hudjefa</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>ḥw-ḏfꜢ</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">“Omitted” <small>(i.e. name missing)</small></p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 49</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Hudjefa-I">Hudjefa I</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/50.svg" alt="Cartouche of Neferkasokar"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Nefer ka Sokar</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>nfr-kꜢ-skr</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">The perfect one of the ka of Sokar</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 50</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Neferkasokar">Neferkasokar</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/51.svg" alt="Cartouche of Sneferka"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Nefer ka Ra</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>nfr-kꜢ-rꜤ</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">The appearance of the perfection of Ra</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 51</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Sneferka">Sneferka</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/52.svg" alt="Cartouche of Senedj"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Senedj</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>snḏ</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">The frightful one</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 52</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Senedj">Senedj</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/53.svg" alt="Cartouche of Wadjenes"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Wadjlas</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>wꜢḏ-l-s</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">Fresh of tongue</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 53</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Wadjenes">Wadjenes</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/54.svg" alt="Cartouche of Ninetjer"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Ba netjeru</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>bꜢ-nṯrw</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">The spirit of the gods</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 54</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Ninetjer">Ninetjer</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/55.svg" alt="Cartouche of Nebra"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Kakau</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>kꜢ-kꜢw</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">Bull of bulls</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 55</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Nebra">Nebra</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/56.svg" alt="Cartouche of Hotepsekhemwy"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Netjeri bau</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>nṯr-bꜢw</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">Divine of might</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 56</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Hotepsekhemwy">Hotepsekhemwy</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/57.svg" alt="Cartouche of Qaa"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Qebehu</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>ḳbḥw</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">He from the north</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 57</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Qaa">Qaa</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-xl overflow-hidden shadow-lg bg-white dark:bg-shark-900 dark:border dark:border-shark-800 print:shadow-none"> <img loading="lazy" class="h-20 mt-5 mx-auto dark:invert" src="/svg/sc/58.svg" alt="Cartouche of Adjib"> <div class="text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-400 px-6 py-4"> <div class="font-serif text-2xl mb-2 text-stone-700 dark:text-shark-200 text-center">Meri bia pen</div> <p class="text-lg py-0 text-center"><tlit>mri-biꜢ-pn</tlit></p> <p class="text-base pt-1 text-center font-sans dark:text-shark-300">Beloved one of the throne</p>  </div> <div class="px-6 pt-0 pb-2 flex justify-between dark:text-shark-400"> <div class="font-mono text-base">Saqqara Canon: 58</div> <div class="text-base"><a class="nobr" href="/ancient-egypt/pharaoh/Adjib">Adjib</a></div> </div> </div> </div></div>  <h1 class="pt-3">Gallery</h1> <div class="gallery"> <div class="grid grid-cols-1 sm:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-3 gap-10 text-center mx-auto"> <div class="gallery-item"> <a data-fancybox="gallery" data-caption="Saqqara king list 1864" href="/images/saqqara-king-list-1864.jpg"><img class="w-full aspect-video" loading="lazy" src="/images/saqqara-king-list-1864.webp" alt="Saqqara king list 1864"></a> <div class="gtitle shine">Mariette 1864</div> <div class="gwhere">Plate XVII</div> <div class="gsize">Size: 1462x519 (270 kB)</div> </div> <div class="gallery-item"> <a data-fancybox="gallery" data-caption="Saqqara king list 1865" href="/images/saqqara-king-list-deRouge.jpg"><img class="w-full aspect-video" loading="lazy" src="/images/saqqara-king-list-deRouge.webp" alt="deRouge 1865"></a> <div class="gtitle shine">de Rougé 1865</div> <div class="gwhere">Album photogr., 143-145</div> <div class="gsize">Size: 1195x566 (146 kB)</div> </div> <div class="gallery-item"> <a data-fancybox="gallery" data-caption="Saqqara king list 1866" href="/images/saqqara-king-list-1866.jpg"><img class="w-full aspect-video" loading="lazy" src="/images/saqqara-king-list-1866.webp" alt="Saqqara king list 1866"></a> <div class="gtitle shine">de Rougé 1866</div> <div class="gwhere">Recherches, Plate I</div> <div class="gsize">Size: 2000x608 (362 kB)</div> </div> <div class="gallery-item"> <a data-fancybox="gallery" data-caption="Saqqara king list 1872" href="/images/saqqara-king-list-1872.jpg"><img class="w-full aspect-video" loading="lazy" src="/images/saqqara-king-list-1872.webp" alt="Saqqara king list 1872"></a> <div class="gtitle shine">Mariette 1872</div> <div class="gwhere">Plate 58</div> <div class="gsize">Size: 1861x939 (472 kB)</div> </div> <div class="gallery-item"> <a data-fancybox="gallery" data-caption="Saqqara king list 2012" href="/images/saqqara-king-list-2012.png"><img class="w-full aspect-video" loading="lazy" src="/images/saqqara-king-list-2012.webp" alt="Saqqara king list 2011"></a> <div class="gtitle shine">Pharaoh.se 2011-12</div> <div class="gwhere">My own reconstruction</div> <div class="gsize">Size: 3766x876 (957 kB)</div> </div> <div class="gallery-item"> <a data-fancybox="gallery" data-caption="Saqqara king list 2015" href="/images/saqqara-king-list-2015.png"><img class="w-full aspect-video" loading="lazy" src="/images/saqqara-king-list-2015.webp" alt="Saqqara king list 2015"></a> <div class="gtitle shine">Pharaoh.se 2015</div> <div class="gwhere">Updated reconstruction</div> <div class="gsize">Size: 3766x920 (788 kB)</div> </div> <div class="gallery-item"> <a data-fancybox="gallery" data-caption="Photo of the Saqqara king list" href="/images/saqqara-king-list-JE11335-CG34516.jpg"><img class="w-full aspect-video" loading="lazy" src="/images/saqqara-king-list-JE11335-CG34516.webp" alt="Saqqara king list"></a> <div class="gtitle shine">Photograph</div> <div class="gwhere">Unknown provenance</div> <div class="gsize">Size: 2036x963 (301 kB)</div> </div> </div></div> <h2 class="pt-3">Bibliography</h2> <ul class="content p3 font-sans text-base" id="biblio"><li><b>Mariette, A.</b>, 1860. Lettre de M. Aug. Mariette A M. le Vicomte De Rougé. <i>Revue Archeologique</i>, N.S. ii: 20-23 <a href="/pdf/RevArch1860ii.pdf" target="_blank"><img loading="lazy" src="/svg/pdf.svg" class="inline h-5" alt="PDF link" /></a></li> <li><b>de Rougé, E.</b>, 1865. <i>Album photographique de la mission remplie en Égypte</i>. Paris: Photos 143-145</li> <li><b>de Rougé, E.</b>, 1866. <i>Recherches sur les Monuments Qu’on Peut Attribuer aux Six Premières Dynasties de Manéthon</i>. Paris: plate I</li> <li><b>Mariette, A.</b>, 1864. La table de Saqqarah. <i>Revue Archeologique</i>, 10. Paris: 169-186, Plate XVII </li> <li><b>Mariette, A.</b>, 1872. <i>Monuments divers recueillis en Égypte et en Nubie</i>. Vol. II. Paris: pls. 57b, 58, text Vol. I, p. 18-19 </li> <li><b>Meyer, E.</b>, 1904. <i>Ägyptische Chronologie</i>. Berlin: plate 1.</li> <li><b>Kitchen, K. A.</b>, 1980. <i>Ramesside Inscriptions</i>, Vol. 3. Oxford: 481-82. (§217, 3)</li> <li><b>Kitchen, K. A.</b>, 2000. <i>Ramesside Inscriptions. Translated and Annotated.</i>, Vol. 3. Oxford: 340-42</li> <li><b>Porter and Moss</b>, 1981. <i>Topographical Bibliography</i>, Vol. III, part 2. Oxford: 666</li> <li><b>Beckerath, J. von.</b>, 1997. <i>Chronologie des pharaonischen Aegypten</i>. Mainz: 216</li> <li><b>Devéria, T.</b> Squeezes in the Louvre, 6165</li></ul> </div> </section> <div class="py-10 my-5 print:hidden" aria-hidden="true"> <img src="/svg/thoth.svg" loading="lazy" class="mx-auto h-28 opacity-50 transition duration-300 hover:opacity-100" alt="Thoth" title="You have reached the end of the page. This is Thoth, the wise God of writing and hieroglyphs." srcset=""> <p class="text-center uppercase font-sans text-xs pt-3"> <abbr class="text-stone-400 dark:text-shark-700 no-underline" title="Latin for: Nothing comes from nothing">Ex nihilo nihil fit</abbr> </p> </div> <div class="hidden print:block print:py-20 text-center"> <h3>Original text from:</h3><a href="https://pharaoh.se{currentPath}" class="font-mono text-sm text-black"><img src="/svg/pharaohse.svg" alt="Pharaoh.SE" class="w-60 mx-auto block">https://pharaoh.se/ancient-egypt/kinglist/saqqara-canon/</a> </div> </article> <aside class="hidden lg:grid lg:col-span-3 print:hidden border-s border-stone-300 dark:border-shark-900 dark:bg-darky" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <div class="flex h-full px-5 overflow-y-auto sm:w-64 w-80 font-sans" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <nav class="-mx-3 space-y-8 pb-36" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <div class="space-y-1" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <label for="pharaohs" class="px-3 text-base font-bold 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href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/turin-contents" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Contents</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/turin-fragments" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Fragments</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/turin-vorlage" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Vorlage</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/turin-gallery" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Gallery</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/turin-recto" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Recto</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/turin/library" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Library</a> </div> <div class="space-y-1" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <label for="Historians" class="px-3 text-base font-bold text-stone-800 uppercase dark:text-shark-400" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Historians</label> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/herodotus" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Herodotus</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/manetho" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Manetho</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/manetho-king-list" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Manetho’s king list</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/africanus" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Africanus</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/eusebius" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Eusebius</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/josephus" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Josephus</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/diodorus" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Diodorus</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/jerome" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>St. Jerome</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/eratosthenes" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Eratosthenes</a> <a class="list-link" href="/ancient-egypt/kinglist/syncellus" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f>Syncellus</a> </div> <div class="space-y-1" data-astro-cid-ssfzsv2f> <label for="Ancient Egypt: Miscellaneous" class="px-3 text-base font-bold text-stone-800 uppercase dark:text-shark-400" 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