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<span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Fisiologia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fisiologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Meccaniche" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meccaniche"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Meccaniche</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meccaniche-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emopoietiche" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emopoietiche"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Emopoietiche</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emopoietiche-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metaboliche" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metaboliche"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Metaboliche</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metaboliche-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-I_tipi_di_ossa_nel_corpo_umano" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#I_tipi_di_ossa_nel_corpo_umano"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>I tipi di ossa nel corpo umano</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-I_tipi_di_ossa_nel_corpo_umano-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Le_ossa_del_corpo_umano" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Le_ossa_del_corpo_umano"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Le ossa del corpo umano</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Le_ossa_del_corpo_umano-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Composizione_chimica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composizione_chimica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Composizione chimica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Composizione_chimica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Locuzioni_e_proverbi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Locuzioni_e_proverbi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Locuzioni e proverbi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Locuzioni_e_proverbi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Indice" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Osso</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 158 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-158" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">158 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Been" title="Been - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Been" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knochen" title="Knochen - tedesco svizzero" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Knochen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tedesco svizzero" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%8C%A5%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B5" title="አጥንት - amarico" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አጥንት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amarico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ueso" title="Ueso - aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ueso" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%81n" title="Bān - inglese antico" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Bān" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="inglese antico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85" title="عظم - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عظم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%93%DC%AA%DC%A1%DC%90" title="ܓܪܡܐ - aramaico" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܓܪܡܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramaico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC" title="হাড় - assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="হাড়" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCesu" title="Güesu - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Güesu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oskan" title="Oskan - atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Oskan" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8C%D0%B0" title="Ракьа - avaro" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Ракьа" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%27aka" title="Ch'aka - aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Ch'aka" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCm%C3%BCk" title="Sümük - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sümük" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%DA%A9" title="سوموک - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سوموک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D3%A9%D0%B9%D3%99%D0%BA" title="Һөйәк - baschiro" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һөйәк" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschiro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boana" title="Boana - bavarese" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Boana" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulang" title="Tulang - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tulang" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Косць - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Косць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Косьць - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Косьць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulang" title="Tulang - betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Tulang" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Кост - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кост" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC" title="হাড় - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হাড়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Askorn" title="Askorn - bretone" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Askorn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kost" title="Kost - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kost" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holi-holi" title="Holi-holi - Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Holi-holi" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os" title="Os - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Os" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1uk-g%C3%A1uk" title="Gáuk-gáuk - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gáuk-gáuk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%B3%DA%A9" title="ئێسک - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئێسک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossu" title="Ossu - corso" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ossu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kost" title="Kost - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kost" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%C4%83%D0%BC%C4%83" title="Шăмă - ciuvascio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Шăмă" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asgwrn" title="Asgwrn - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Asgwrn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knogle_(anatomi)" title="Knogle (anatomi) - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Knogle (anatomi)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C9%94bili" title="Kɔbili - Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Kɔbili" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knochen" title="Knochen - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Knochen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Este" title="Este - Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Este" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%83%CF%84%CF%8C" title="Οστό - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οστό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone" title="Bone - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bone" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osto" title="Osto - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Osto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hueso" title="Hueso - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hueso" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luu" title="Luu - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Luu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezur" title="Hezur - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hezur" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="استخوان - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استخوان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luu" title="Luu - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Luu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sui" title="Sui - figiano" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Sui" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="figiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os" title="Os - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Os" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%94s" title="Ôs - francoprovenzale" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Ôs" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="francoprovenzale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonke" title="Bonke - frisone occidentale" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bonke" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisone occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cn%C3%A1mh" title="Cnámh - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cnámh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cn%C3%A0mh" title="Cnàmh - gaelico scozzese" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cnàmh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelico scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93so" title="Óso - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Óso" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangue" title="Kangue - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kangue" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulalo" title="Tulalo - gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Tulalo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kut-kak" title="Kut-kak - hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kut-kak" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9D" title="עצם - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עצם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF" title="अस्थि - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अस्थि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kost" title="Kost - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zo" title="Zo - creolo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Zo" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creolo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csont" title="Csont - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csont" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%80" title="Ոսկոր - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ոսկոր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%80" title="Ոսկոր - Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ոսկոր" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osso" title="Osso - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Osso" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulang" title="Tulang - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tulang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauniq" title="Sauniq - inupiak" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Sauniq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BA" title="ТӀехк - ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ТӀехк" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osto" title="Osto - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Osto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bein" title="Bein - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bein" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AA%A8" title="骨 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="骨" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balung" title="Balung - giavanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Balung" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="giavanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AB%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ძვალი - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ძვალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C9%A3ess" title="Iɣess - cabilo" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Iɣess" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabilo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%94%C9%94y%C9%9B" title="Mɔɔyɛ - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Mɔɔyɛ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kungkup" title="Kungkup - tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Kungkup" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuhlan" title="Tuhlan - Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Tuhlan" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Сүйек - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сүйек" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%86" title="ಮೂಳೆ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮೂಳೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%BC%88" title="뼈 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="뼈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%DA%88%D9%90%D8%AC%D8%A0" title="أڈِجؠ - kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="أڈِجؠ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hest%C3%AE" title="Hestî - curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hestî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Askorn" title="Askorn - cornico" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Askorn" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os_(anatomia_ossis)" title="Os (anatomia ossis) - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Os (anatomia ossis)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schank" title="Schank - lussemburghese" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Schank" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lussemburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D3%80" title="ТтаркӀ - Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="ТтаркӀ" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oso" title="Oso - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Oso" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knaok" title="Knaok - limburghese" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Knaok" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92s" title="Òs - lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Òs" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mok%C3%BAwa" title="Mokúwa - lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mokúwa" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaulas" title="Kaulas - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kaulas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kauls" title="Kauls - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kauls" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balung" title="Balung - Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Balung" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Пакарь - moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Пакарь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taolana" title="Taolana - malgascio" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Taolana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83" title="Лу - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Лу" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulang" title="Tulang - menangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Tulang" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="menangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Коска - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Коска" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BF" title="അസ്ഥി - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അസ്ഥി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%81" title="Яс - mongolo" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Яс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF" title="अस्थि - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अस्थि" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulang" title="Tulang - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tulang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8" title="အရိုး - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အရိုး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="استکا - mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="استکا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omitl" title="Omitl - Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Omitl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D" title="क्वँय् - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="क्वँय्" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bot_(anatomie)" title="Bot (anatomie) - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bot (anatomie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knokkel" title="Knokkel - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Knokkel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92s" title="Òs - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Òs" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafee" title="Lafee - oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Lafee" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC" title="ହାଡ଼ - odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ହାଡ଼" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80" title="ਹੱਡੀ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹੱਡੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokel" title="Pokel - pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Pokel" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Kość - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kość" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DA%88%DB%8C" title="ہڈی - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہڈی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DA%89%D9%88%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="هډوکی - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هډوکی" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osso" title="Osso - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Osso" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tullu" title="Tullu - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Tullu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os_(anatomie)" title="Os (anatomie) - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Os (anatomie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osu" title="Osu - arumeno" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Osu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Кость - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кость" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF" title="अस्थि - sanscrito" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="अस्थि" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrito" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9D_(%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A3)" title="ᱡᱟᱝ (ᱡᱤᱣ) - santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱟᱝ (ᱡᱤᱣ)" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossu_(struttura_r%C3%ACggida)" title="Ossu (struttura rìggida) - siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ossu (struttura rìggida)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bane" title="Bane - scozzese" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Bane" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DA%8F%D9%88" title="ھڏو - sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ھڏو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1kti" title="Dákti - sami del nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Dákti" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami del nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kost" title="Kost - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kost" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C9%A3ss" title="Iɣss - tashelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Iɣss" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tashelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone" title="Bone - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bone" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kos%C5%A5" title="Kosť - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kosť" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kost" title="Kost - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laf" title="Laf - somalo" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Laf" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kocka" title="Kocka - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kocka" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Кост - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кост" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulang" title="Tulang - sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tulang" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_(skelett)" title="Ben (skelett) - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ben (skelett)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mfupa" title="Mfupa - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mfupa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="எலும்பு - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எலும்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%95" title="ఎముక - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఎముక" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Устухон - tagico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Устухон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tagico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81" title="กระดูก - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กระดูก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buto_(anatomiya)" title="Buto (anatomiya) - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Buto (anatomiya)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lerapo" title="Lerapo - tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Lerapo" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemik" title="Kemik - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kemik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Кістка - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кістка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DA%88%DB%8C" title="ہڈی - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہڈی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suyak" title="Suyak - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Suyak" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Xương - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Xương" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bom" title="Bom - volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Bom" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxhea" title="Oxhea - vallone" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Oxhea" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukog" title="Bukog - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bukog" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E9%AA%BC" title="骨骼 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="骨骼" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ყვილი - mengrelio" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ყვილი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mengrelio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="ביין - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ביין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egungun" title="Egungun - yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Egungun" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndok" title="Ndok - zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ndok" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E9%AA%BC" title="骨骼 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="骨骼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AA%A8" title="骨 - cinese classico" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="骨" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="cinese classico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kut" title="Kut - min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kut" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AA%A8" title="骨 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="骨" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q265868#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu 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lang="it" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130658281">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote.nota-disambigua{clear:both;margin-top:0;padding:.05em .5em}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint nota-disambigua"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/18px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/27px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/36px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Disambiguazione" title="Aiuto:Disambiguazione">Disambiguazione</a> – "Ossa" rimanda qui. Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi <b><a href="/wiki/Ossa_(disambigua)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ossa (disambigua)">Ossa (disambigua)</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray252.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Gray252.png/220px-Gray252.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Gray252.png 1.5x" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Illustrazione di un <a href="/wiki/Femore" title="Femore">femore</a> umano, dal <a href="/wiki/Anatomia_del_Gray" title="Anatomia del Gray">Gray's</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Un <b>osso</b> è una parte anatomica solida dei <a href="/wiki/Vertebrati" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebrati">vertebrati</a>; l'insieme delle ossa di un dato animale ne costituisce lo <a href="/wiki/Scheletro_(anatomia)" title="Scheletro (anatomia)">scheletro</a>. È costituito da una matrice extracellulare molto dura e compatta, mineralizzata, e da una componente di cellule, tra cui abbondano gli <a href="/wiki/Osteocita" title="Osteocita">osteociti</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Struttura">Struttura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osso&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Struttura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osso&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Struttura"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Osso_longo_regs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Osso_longo_regs.jpg/250px-Osso_longo_regs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Osso_longo_regs.jpg/330px-Osso_longo_regs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Osso_longo_regs.jpg/500px-Osso_longo_regs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="580" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Le ossa sono costituite da <a href="/wiki/Tessuto_osseo" title="Tessuto osseo">tessuto osseo</a>, un tipo di tessuto connettivo caratterizzato dalla mineralizzazione della sostanza fondamentale che presenta due tipi di struttura: una non lamellare (propria delle ossa in formazione nel feto e di quelle riparate in seguito a fratture) e una lamellare. La particolare composizione del tessuto osseo conferisce all'osso le sue caratteristiche di durezza e flessibilità (entro certi limiti): ossa sottoposte a trattamenti proteolitici finalizzati ad eliminare la componente proteica dell'osso hanno prodotto ossa molto dure ma fragili, in seguito a decalcificazione le ossa invece divenivano molto elastiche e flessibili ma poco dure. Perciò la componente proteica garantisce all'osso una buona resistenza alle sollecitazioni meccaniche, mentre la componente mineralizzata gli conferisce la caratteristica durezza. </p><p>La componente organica è costituita da <a href="/wiki/Collagene" title="Collagene">collagene I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osseina" title="Osseina">osseina</a> e una glicoproteina chiamata osteomucoide; la componente mineralizzata che nell'adulto costituisce il 60-70% dell'intero osso è composta da <a href="/wiki/Fosfato_di_calcio" title="Fosfato di calcio">fosfato di calcio</a> (86%) in forma di cristalli di <a href="/wiki/Idrossiapatite" class="mw-redirect" title="Idrossiapatite">idrossiapatite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carbonato_di_calcio" title="Carbonato di calcio">carbonato di calcio</a> (12%), <a href="/wiki/Fosfato_di_magnesio" title="Fosfato di magnesio">fosfato di magnesio</a> (1,5%), <a href="/wiki/Fluoruro_di_magnesio" title="Fluoruro di magnesio">fluoruro di magnesio</a> (0,5%) e tracce di <a href="/wiki/Ossido_di_ferro" title="Ossido di ferro">ossido di ferro</a>. Nonostante siano in parte costituite da minerali, le ossa sono organi a tutti gli effetti: la loro parte minerale viene costantemente rinnovata da due tipi di cellule al loro interno, gli <a href="/wiki/Osteoclasti" class="mw-redirect" title="Osteoclasti">osteoclasti</a> e gli <a href="/wiki/Osteoblasti" class="mw-redirect" title="Osteoblasti">osteoblasti</a>, i primi liberano idrolasi acide che hanno il compito di dissociare i sali minerali e distruggere le fibre di collagene in modo da poterli riassorbire, gli osteoblasti invece sintetizzano la nuova matrice fondamentale, quando questi vengono circondati da matrice smettono di produrre matrice e prendono il nome di <a href="/wiki/Osteocita" title="Osteocita">osteociti</a>. </p><p>Le ossa sono dei <a href="/wiki/Materiali_gerarchici" title="Materiali gerarchici">materiali gerarchici</a> naturali, e devono le loro proprietà alla struttura composta da elementi assemblati gerarchicamente, che conferiscono resistenza ed elasticità. </p><p>Tutte le ossa sono ricoperte da una membrana fibrosa di colore biancastro molto vascolarizzata chiamata <a href="/wiki/Periostio" title="Periostio">periostio</a> da cui partono fasci di fibre connettive (fibre di Sharpey) che si estendono in profondità ancorando il periostio all'osso. Nei punti in cui l'osso si articola con altre ossa le fibre del periostio si intrecciano con quelle della capsula sinoviale, o nelle vertebre con quelle dei <a href="/wiki/Disco_intervertebrale" title="Disco intervertebrale">dischi intervertebrali</a>. Il periostio si interrompe anche nei punti di inserzione della muscolatura lasciando il posto ai <a href="/wiki/Tendine" title="Tendine">tendini</a>. Le cavità interne dell'osso sono ricoperte da una membrana simile al periostio chiamata <a href="/w/index.php?title=Endostio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Endostio (la pagina non esiste)">endostio</a> e contengono il <a href="/wiki/Midollo_osseo" title="Midollo osseo">midollo osseo</a> preposto all'<a href="/wiki/Emopoiesi" title="Emopoiesi">emopoiesi</a>, ossia la creazione di <a href="/wiki/Eritrociti" class="mw-redirect" title="Eritrociti">eritrociti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leucociti" class="mw-redirect" title="Leucociti">leucociti</a> e <a href="/wiki/Piastrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Piastrine">piastrine</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fisiologia">Fisiologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osso&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Fisiologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osso&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Fisiologia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Negli organismi umani e animali le ossa ricoprono undici funzioni fondamentali: le più ovvie sono quelle meccaniche, ma ce ne sono altre molto importanti. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Meccaniche">Meccaniche</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osso&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Meccaniche" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osso&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Meccaniche"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Protettiva</i>: alcune ossa proteggono organi interni. Per esempio il <a href="/wiki/Cervello" title="Cervello">cervello</a> è protetto dalle ossa craniche, e cuore e polmoni sono protetti dalle <a href="/wiki/Costole" class="mw-redirect" title="Costole">costole</a>, che formano la <a href="/wiki/Gabbia_toracica" title="Gabbia toracica">gabbia toracica</a>, le vertebre circondano il midollo spinale.</li> <li><i>Motoria</i>: grazie ai punti di inserzione dei tendini muscolari e alle articolazioni, permettono il movimento dell'organismo nello spazio tridimensionale.</li> <li><i>Sensoriale</i>: trasmettono il suono agli organi interni dell'orecchio.</li> <li><i>Sostenitiva</i>: le ossa possono essere paragonate a "travi di acciaio" o di "cemento armato" che formano l'impalcatura del corpo fornendo sostegno e attacco a tutti i tessuti molli. Le ossa degli arti inferiori fungono da pilastri per il tronco nella stazione eretta, e la gabbia toracica dà sostegno alla parete del torace.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emopoietiche">Emopoietiche</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osso&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Emopoietiche" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osso&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Emopoietiche"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Sintetica</i>: il midollo delle ossa lunghe e il tessuto spugnoso delle ossa piatte contiene le cellule staminali, che generano i globuli rossi e i globuli bianchi.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metaboliche">Metaboliche</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osso&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Metaboliche" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osso&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Metaboliche"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Riserva di minerali</i>: le ossa fungono da deposito e riserva di molti sali minerali, soprattutto sali di calcio e di <a href="/wiki/Fosforo" title="Fosforo">fosforo</a>.</li> <li><i>Riserva di grassi</i>: il midollo giallo contiene molti <a href="/wiki/Acidi_grassi" title="Acidi grassi">acidi grassi</a> che all'occorrenza vengono prelevati dal sangue.</li> <li><i>Riserva di fattori di crescita</i>: la matrice ossea mineralizzata contiene quantità importanti di molti fattori di crescita, come il fattore insulinosimile e la <a href="/wiki/Proteina_morfogenetica_delle_ossa" class="mw-redirect" title="Proteina morfogenetica delle ossa">proteina morfogenetica delle ossa</a>. Oltre a fungere da riserva e quindi a mantenere costante la concentrazione sanguigna di questi fattori, essi vengono liberati localmente in caso di frattura, innescando e accelerando il processo di guarigione.</li> <li><i>Detossificazione</i>: la parte inorganica delle ossa può assorbire molti metalli pesanti e altri elementi estranei, togliendoli dal circolo sanguigno e riducendo quindi il loro effetto nocivo sugli altri tessuti. Questi elementi vengono poi rilasciati lentamente per <a href="/wiki/Escrezione" title="Escrezione">escrezione</a>.</li> <li><i>Equilibrio acido-base</i>: Grazie al grande contenuto di sali minerali, l'osso funge da tampone ematico, e riequilibra le variazioni di <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> del sangue assorbendo o rilasciando sali minerali e ioni.</li> <li><i>Secrezione endocrina</i>: l'osso controlla il metabolismo del fosforo secernendo <a href="/wiki/FGF-23" class="mw-redirect" title="FGF-23">FGF-23</a>, il fattore di crescita dei fibroblasti, che riduce il riassorbimento renale degli ioni fosfato. Inoltre, tramite l'<a href="/wiki/Osteocalcina" title="Osteocalcina">osteocalcina</a>, abbassa la <a href="/wiki/Glicemia" title="Glicemia">glicemia</a> migliorando la sensibilità all'<a href="/wiki/Insulina" title="Insulina">insulina</a>, e riduce la crescita del <a href="/wiki/Tessuto_adiposo" title="Tessuto adiposo">tessuto adiposo</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="I_tipi_di_ossa_nel_corpo_umano">I tipi di ossa nel corpo umano</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osso&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione I tipi di ossa nel corpo umano" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osso&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: I tipi di ossa nel corpo umano"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span class="mw-3d-wrapper" data-label="3D"><a href="/wiki/File:BodyParts3d_Flat_bone.stl" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/BodyParts3d_Flat_bone.stl/220px-BodyParts3d_Flat_bone.stl.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/BodyParts3d_Flat_bone.stl/330px-BodyParts3d_Flat_bone.stl.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/BodyParts3d_Flat_bone.stl/440px-BodyParts3d_Flat_bone.stl.png 2x" data-file-width="5120" data-file-height="2880" /></a></span><figcaption>Modello 3D (in <a href="/wiki/STL_(formato_di_file)" title="STL (formato di file)">formato .stl</a>) delle ossa piatte</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span class="mw-3d-wrapper" data-label="3D"><a href="/wiki/File:BodyParts3d_Short_bone.stl" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/BodyParts3d_Short_bone.stl/220px-BodyParts3d_Short_bone.stl.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/BodyParts3d_Short_bone.stl/330px-BodyParts3d_Short_bone.stl.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/BodyParts3d_Short_bone.stl/440px-BodyParts3d_Short_bone.stl.png 2x" data-file-width="5120" data-file-height="2880" /></a></span><figcaption>Modello 3D (in <a href="/wiki/STL_(formato_di_file)" title="STL (formato di file)">formato .stl</a>) delle ossa corte</figcaption></figure> <p>In base alla loro <a href="/wiki/Morfologia_(biologia)" title="Morfologia (biologia)">morfologia</a>,le ossa, possono essere distinte in quattro tipi: le ossa lunghe, le ossa corte, le ossa irregolari e le ossa piatte. </p> <ul><li><i>Ossa lunghe</i>, (forma magra e lunga), composte da un corpo o <a href="/wiki/Diafisi" title="Diafisi">diafisi</a> e due estremità dette <a href="/wiki/Epifisi" title="Epifisi">epifisi</a>. Nell'infanzia e nell'adolescenza è possibile distinguere, tra epifisi e diafisi, le metafisi o cartilagini di accrescimento. All'interno della diafisi, vi è una cavità detta cavità diafisaria occupata interamente da midollo osseo giallo, per lo più adiposo, che non concorre all'emopoiesi. Le pareti della cavità sono costituite da tessuto osseo compatto. Le epifisi sono costituite da tessuto osseo spugnoso, reso più resistente da trabecole ossee. All'interno delle epifisi si trova il midollo osseo rosso, responsabile dell'emopoiesi.</li> <li><i>Ossa corte</i>, forma più o meno cuboide, costituite da tessuto osseo spugnoso circondato da uno strato sottile di tessuto osseo compatto; non contengono perciò midollo osseo.</li> <li><i>Ossa irregolari</i>, costituiscono raggruppamenti di ossa (vertebre, ossa facciali) con forme e dimensioni variabili; più nota è la rotula che appartiene alle ossa irregolari sesamoidi le quali si distinguono poiché sono isolate.</li> <li><i>Ossa piatte</i>, costituite da uno strato di tessuto spugnoso frapposto tra 2 lamine di tessuto compatto. Il tessuto spugnoso può presentare delle lacune più grosse contenenti residui di tessuto emopoietico (zona considerata per le punture lombari). Queste ossa hanno funzione protettiva, dato che hanno lo scopo di proteggere gli organi che si trovano subito dietro di esse. Esempi di ossa piatte sono quelle del cranio, che hanno lo scopo di proteggere il cervello, oppure lo sterno per proteggere il cuore e i polmoni, o ancora l'anca e il bacino che protegge da dietro gli organi dell'apparato escretore (come ad esempio la vescica). <ul><li>sesamoidi, appiattite, piccole e tondeggianti e si sviluppano internamente ai tendini (es. patella);</li> <li><i>wormiane</i> o suturali, appiattite, piccole e con forma indefinita, si trovano nelle linee di sutura delle ossa del cranio.</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Il midollo osseo occupa il canale delle ossa lunghe e gli spazi intertrabecolari delle ossa piatte e delle <a href="/wiki/Epifisi" title="Epifisi">epifisi</a>. Nella fase embrionale funge da organo emopoietico ed è di colore rosso vivo. Nell'adulto, solo il midollo del tessuto spugnoso mantiene tali caratteristiche, mentre il midollo della cavità diafisaria assume un colore giallognolo perché sostituito da tessuto ricco di sostanze lipidiche. </p> <ul><li>Negli esseri umani, un osso normale viene distrutto e ricostruito completamente ogni due mesi circa.</li> <li>Negli uccelli le ossa sono cave internamente, cioè prive di midollo, per alleggerire il più possibile lo scheletro.</li> <li>Nei <a href="/wiki/Condroitti" class="mw-redirect" title="Condroitti">Condroitti</a> e nei <a href="/wiki/Ciclostomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciclostomi">Ciclostomi</a> manca il tessuto osseo.</li> <li>Negli <a href="/wiki/Olostei" class="mw-redirect" title="Olostei">Olostei</a> manca la cartilagine.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Le_ossa_del_corpo_umano">Le ossa del corpo umano</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osso&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Le ossa del corpo umano" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osso&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Le ossa del corpo umano"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Human_skeleton_front_it.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Human_skeleton_front_it.svg/250px-Human_skeleton_front_it.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="425" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Human_skeleton_front_it.svg/330px-Human_skeleton_front_it.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Human_skeleton_front_it.svg/440px-Human_skeleton_front_it.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="842" /></a><figcaption> Scheletro umano in posizione frontale.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Human_skeleton_back_it.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Human_skeleton_back_it.svg/250px-Human_skeleton_back_it.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="425" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Human_skeleton_back_it.svg/330px-Human_skeleton_back_it.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Human_skeleton_back_it.svg/440px-Human_skeleton_back_it.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="842" /></a><figcaption> Scheletro umano visto dal retro.</figcaption></figure> <p>Lo scheletro di un uomo adulto conta 206 ossa e 68 articolazioni, mentre le ossa di un bambino sono di più e crescendo alcune vanno a fondersi tra di loro (per esempio le ossa del cranio, del bacino e della coccige). Possiamo suddividere lo scheletro del corpo umano in due grandi categorie: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scheletro_assile" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheletro assile">Scheletro assile</a> (80 ossa nell'adulto) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cranio" title="Cranio">Cranio</a> (29)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabbia_toracica" title="Gabbia toracica">Gabbia toracica</a> (25)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonna_vertebrale" title="Colonna vertebrale">Colonna vertebrale</a> (26)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheletro_appendicolare" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheletro appendicolare">Scheletro appendicolare</a> (126) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cintura_scapolare" title="Cintura scapolare">Cintura scapolare</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cintura_pelvica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cintura pelvica (la pagina non esiste)">Cintura pelvica</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arti_superiori" class="mw-redirect" title="Arti superiori">Arti superiori</a> (60)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arti_inferiori" class="mw-redirect" title="Arti inferiori">Arti inferiori</a> (60)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composizione_chimica">Composizione chimica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osso&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Composizione chimica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osso&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Composizione chimica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La sostanza fondamentale delle ossa allo stato fresco è costituita da (dati forniti da Hulgen): </p> <ul><li>sostanza inorganica, 55,28%</li> <li>sostanza organica, 27,72%</li> <li>acqua, 17%.</li></ul> <p>La sostanza organica è l'osseina; per isolarla l'osso viene trattato con un acido: le sostanze inorganiche si sciolgono, ma l'osso mantiene la sua forma primitiva. </p><p>La parte inorganica è costituita da: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fosfato_di_calcio" title="Fosfato di calcio">fosfato di calcio</a>, 83,89-85,90%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbonato_di_calcio" title="Carbonato di calcio">carbonato di calcio</a>, 9,06-11,00%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fosfato_di_magnesio" title="Fosfato di magnesio">fosfato di magnesio</a>, 1,04-1,84%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluoruro_di_calcio" title="Fluoruro di calcio">fluoruro di calcio</a>, 3,20-0,70%.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Locuzioni_e_proverbi">Locuzioni e proverbi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osso&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Locuzioni e proverbi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osso&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Locuzioni e proverbi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Avere le </i><b>ossa</b><i> dure</i> - Resistente, avvezzo ai colpi della sorte.</li> <li><i>Avere le </i><b>ossa</b><i> rotte</i> o <i>peste</i> - Essere sfiancati dopo una fatica che ha duramente provato e danneggiato</li> <li><i>Essere bagnato fino all'</i><b>osso</b> - Completamente bagnato.</li> <li><i>Essere un </i><b>osso</b><i> duro</i> - Essere resistenti e tenaci alle avversità, difficili da sconfiggere</li> <li><i>Fare l'</i><b>osso</b><i> a una cosa</i> - Abituarsi ad una situazione negativa.</li> <li><i>Farsi le </i><b>ossa</b> - Fare esperienza.</li> <li><i>Fino all'</i><b>osso</b> - Nell'intimo di una persona, profondamente.</li> <li><i>Mollare l'</i><b>osso</b> - Lasciare qualcosa che si tiene stretto a sé</li> <li><i>Ridotto all'</i><b>osso</b> - Ridotto al minimo.</li> <li><i>Rimetterci l'</i><b>osso</b><i> del <a href="/wiki/Collo" title="Collo">collo</a></i> - Subire un grave danno finanziario (oppure morire).</li> <li><i>Risparmiare fino all'</i><b>osso</b> - Risparmiare il massimo possibile.</li> <li><i>Rompere le </i><b>ossa</b> - Picchiare, colpire con violenza.</li> <li><i>Rompersi l'</i><b>osso</b><i> del collo</i> - Cadere in modo rovinoso.</li> <li><i>Sputa l'</i><b>osso</b> - Confessa quanto non osi dire.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osso&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osso&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">il corpo umano anatomia fisiologica salute di Elaine N.Marieb volume primo capitolo:apparato scheletrico pag 112</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osso&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osso&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Anatomia del Gray</i> 1º vol. Zanichelli, 4ª edizione italiana, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/8808177106" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 88-08-17710-6</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osso&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osso&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tessuto_osseo" title="Tessuto osseo">Tessuto osseo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcificazione" title="Calcificazione">Calcificazione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frattura_(medicina)" title="Frattura (medicina)">Frattura (medicina)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osso_della_balena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osso della balena (la pagina non esiste)">Osso della balena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osso_di_seppia" title="Osso di seppia">Osso di seppia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Articolazione" title="Articolazione">Articolazione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alterazione_omeostasi_del_calcio" class="mw-redirect" title="Alterazione omeostasi del calcio">Alterazione omeostasi del calcio</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osso&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osso&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Osso" class="extiw" title="q:Osso">Wikiquote</a></li> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/osso" class="extiw" title="wikt:osso">Wikizionario</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Bones"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bones?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikiquote"><img alt="Collabora a Wikiquote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/40px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="q:">Wikiquote</a> contiene citazioni sull'<b><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Osso" class="extiw" title="q:Osso">osso</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikizionario"><img alt="Collabora a Wikizionario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/20px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/40px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wikizionario</a> contiene il lemma di dizionario «<b><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/osso" class="extiw" title="wikt:osso">osso</a></b>»</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file sull'<b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bones?uselang=it">osso</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osso&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osso&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTreccani.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/osso"><span style="font-style:italic;">osso</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265868#P3365" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Robert Proulx Heaney e G. Donald Whedon, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/bone-anatomy"><span style="font-style:italic;">bone</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265868#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doitpoms.ac.uk/tlplib/bones/index.php"><span style="font-style:italic;">Dissemination of IT for the Promotion of Materials Science (DoITPoMS), "Structure of bone and implant materials"</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">doitpoms.ac.uk</span>.</cite></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Nuovo_soggettario" title="Nuovo soggettario">Thesaurus BNCF</a> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=3132">3132</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85015539">sh85015539</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4128031-3">4128031-3</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Spagna" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Spagna">BNE</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="spagnolo">ES</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX525056">XX525056</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX525056">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Francia" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Francia">BNF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11935812w">cb11935812w</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11935812w">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007283105705171">987007283105705171</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_della_Dieta_nazionale_del_Giappone" title="Biblioteca della Dieta nazionale del Giappone">NDL</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="giapponese">JA</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00563399">00563399</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 3 - 8px * 2/3 );"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cerebral_lobes.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Anatomia"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Cerebral_lobes.png/21px-Cerebral_lobes.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Cerebral_lobes.png/32px-Cerebral_lobes.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Cerebral_lobes.png/43px-Cerebral_lobes.png 2x" data-file-width="458" data-file-height="535" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Anatomia" title="Portale:Anatomia">Portale Anatomia</a></b></div></div><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 3 - 8px * 2/3 );"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r140555418" /><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DNA.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Biologia"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/DNA.png/24px-DNA.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/DNA.png/36px-DNA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/DNA.png/47px-DNA.png 2x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="314" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Biologia" title="Portale:Biologia">Portale Biologia</a></b></div></div><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 3 - 8px * 2/3 );"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r140555418" /><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asclepius_staff.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Medicina"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Asclepius_staff.svg/13px-Asclepius_staff.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Asclepius_staff.svg/19px-Asclepius_staff.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Asclepius_staff.svg/25px-Asclepius_staff.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="995" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Medicina" title="Portale:Medicina">Portale Medicina</a></b></div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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