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mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E7%8D%8E%E7%AB%A0" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-种类" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#种类"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>种类</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-种类-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">獎章</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。80种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-80" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">80种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalje" title="Medalje – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Medalje" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="ميدالية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ميدالية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medaya" title="Medaya – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Medaya" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medal" title="Medal – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Medal" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D2%99%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Миҙал – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Миҙал" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Медаль – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Медаль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Мэдаль – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мэдаль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Медал – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Медал" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%95" title="পদক – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পদক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalla" title="Medalla – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Medalla" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medaile" title="Medaile – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Medaile" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AB%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ылтăн медаль – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ылтăн медаль" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medal" title="Medal – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Medal" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalje" title="Medalje – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Medalje" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medaille" title="Medaille – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Medaille" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μετάλλιο – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μετάλλιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medal" title="Medal – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Medal" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalo" title="Medalo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Medalo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalla" title="Medalla – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Medalla" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medal" title="Medal – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Medal" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domina" title="Domina – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Domina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84_(%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="مدال (نشان) – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مدال (نشان)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitali" title="Mitali – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mitali" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9daille" title="Médaille – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Médaille" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalje" title="Medalje – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Medalje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn_(p%C3%ADosa_miotail)" title="Bonn (píosa miotail) – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bonn (píosa miotail)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonn-cuimhne" title="Bonn-cuimhne – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Bonn-cuimhne" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalla" title="Medalla – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Medalla" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94" title="מדליה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מדליה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95" title="पदक – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पदक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalja" title="Medalja – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Medalja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89rem" title="Érem – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Érem" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AC" title="Մեդալ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մեդալ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medali" title="Medali – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Medali" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalio" title="Medalio – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Medalio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medaglia" title="Medaglia – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Medaglia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%83%80%E3%83%AB" title="メダル – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メダル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medhali" title="Medhali – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Medhali" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Медаль – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Медаль" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%95" title="ಪದಕ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪದಕ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EB%8B%AC" title="메달 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메달" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalya" title="Medalya – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Medalya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Медаль – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Медаль" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomisma" title="Nomisma – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nomisma" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalis" title="Medalis – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Medalis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meda%C4%BCa" title="Medaļa – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Medaļa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="പതക്കം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പതക്കം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95" title="पदक – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पदक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingat" title="Pingat – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pingat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medaille" title="Medaille – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Medaille" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalje" title="Medalje – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Medalje" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalje" title="Medalje – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Medalje" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalha" title="Medalha – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Medalha" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B2" title="ਮੈਡਲ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੈਡਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medal" title="Medal – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Medal" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%84" title="میڈل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="میڈل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalha" title="Medalha – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Medalha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalie" title="Medalie – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Medalie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Медаль – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Медаль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0" title="ᱯᱚᱫᱚᱠ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱚᱫᱚᱠ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midagghia" title="Midagghia – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Midagghia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%BA%D9%88" title="تمغو – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="تمغو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalja" title="Medalja – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Medalja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medal" title="Medal – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Medal" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medaila" title="Medaila – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Medaila" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalja" title="Medalja – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Medalja" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menduru" title="Menduru – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Menduru" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalja" title="Medalja – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Medalja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%99%D0%B0" title="Медаља – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Медаља" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medalj" title="Medalj – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Medalj" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medali" title="Medali – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Medali" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82" title="పతకం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పతకం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Медал – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Медал" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madalya" title="Madalya – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Madalya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Медаль – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Медаль" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%A7" title="تمغا – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تمغا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medal" title="Medal – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Medal" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huy_ch%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Huy chương – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Huy chương" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%96%E7%AB%A0" title="奖章 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="奖章" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8D%8E%E7%89%8C" title="獎牌 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="獎牌" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q131647#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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.ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Proofreader_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/48px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/72px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/96px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:翻譯指引">翻譯</a></b>自其他語言維基百科，<b>需要相關領域的編者協助校對翻譯</b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2024年11月2日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>如果您精通本領域，又能清楚地將來源語言翻譯為中文，歡迎您協助<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E7%8D%8E%E7%AB%A0&action=edit">校訂翻譯</a>。原文参见<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131647#sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Q131647">维基数据</a>。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2017年5月11日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E7%8D%8E%E7%AB%A0&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E7%8D%8E%E7%AB%A0%22">"獎章"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22%E7%8D%8E%E7%AB%A0%22">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22%E7%8D%8E%E7%AB%A0%22">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22%E7%8D%8E%E7%AB%A0%22">书籍</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?&q=%22%E7%8D%8E%E7%AB%A0%22">学术</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&safe=off&q=%22%E7%8D%8E%E7%AB%A0%22">图像</a></span>），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>）。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; width: 80px; padding: 0.3em; margin-left: 6px; border:1px solid #B8C7D9; background-color:#FEFFEC; font-size: 90%; float:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background: #cedff2; padding: 0.3em; background-color: #FFD1A7; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%8E%E5%8B%B5" title="獎勵">獎勵</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #cedff2; padding: 0.3em; background-color: #FFE3C9; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%8E%E9%A0%85" class="mw-redirect" title="獎項">獎項</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%A0%E8%BB%8D" title="冠軍">冠軍</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E8%BB%8D" title="亞軍">亞軍</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A3%E8%BB%8D" title="季軍">季軍</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%BF%E8%BB%8D" title="殿軍">殿軍</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #cedff2; padding: 0.3em; background-color: #FFE3C9; text-align:center;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">獎牌</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%89%8C" title="金牌">金牌</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B6%E7%89%8C" title="银牌">银牌</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C%E7%89%8C" title="铜牌">铜牌</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>獎章</b>或<b>奖牌</b>是一种拥有<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AE%E9%9B%95" title="浮雕">浮雕</a>的金属製奖励品，一般用以奖励那些在运动、军事、科学、学术、艺术上或其他领域拥有特别成就及贡献者。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pisanello.Medaille_Einhorn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Pisanello.Medaille_Einhorn.jpg/250px-Pisanello.Medaille_Einhorn.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Pisanello.Medaille_Einhorn.jpg/375px-Pisanello.Medaille_Einhorn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Pisanello.Medaille_Einhorn.jpg/500px-Pisanello.Medaille_Einhorn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="573" /></a><figcaption>欧洲<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E5%A4%8D%E5%85%B4%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="文艺复兴时期">文艺复兴时期</a>北意大利<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E6%89%98%E7%93%A6" title="曼托瓦">曼托瓦</a>统治者<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A2%E6%89%8E%E5%8A%A0%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F" title="貢扎加家族">貢扎加家族</a>颁赠予政治盟友的奖章，由安东尼奥·皮萨奈罗于1447年设计</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="种类"><span id=".E7.A7.8D.E7.B1.BB"></span>种类</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8D%8E%E7%AB%A0&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：种类"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Medals.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Medals.jpg/220px-Medals.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Medals.jpg/330px-Medals.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Medals.jpg/440px-Medals.jpg 2x" data-file-width="783" data-file-height="526" /></a><figcaption>各种奖牌</figcaption></figure> <p>在许多非军事项目，如一般的体育比賽，會頒發獎牌分別為<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%89%8C" title="金牌">金牌</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E7%89%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="銀牌">銀牌</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%85%E7%89%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="銅牌">銅牌</a>。 </p><p>第一名頒發<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%89%8C" title="金牌">金牌</a>；第二名頒發<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E7%89%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="銀牌">銀牌</a>；第三名頒發<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%85%E7%89%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="銅牌">銅牌</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8D%8E%E7%AB%A0&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GCRomano3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GCRomano3.jpg/220px-GCRomano3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GCRomano3.jpg/330px-GCRomano3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GCRomano3.jpg/440px-GCRomano3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="552" data-file-height="272" /></a><figcaption>青铜奖章，由伊莎贝拉·德·埃斯特公主和文艺复兴人文主义者的赞助人分发作为礼物。</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:7a_1572.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/7a_1572.jpg/220px-7a_1572.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/7a_1572.jpg/330px-7a_1572.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/7a_1572.jpg/440px-7a_1572.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1793" data-file-height="927" /></a><figcaption>银质<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%96%E4%B9%8C%E6%A3%AE%E5%A5%96%E7%AB%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="盖乌森奖章（页面不存在）">盖乌森奖章</a>，纪念1572年由<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%8A%E4%B9%9E%E4%B8%90" class="mw-redirect" title="海上乞丐">海上乞丐</a>夺取<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E5%8B%92" title="布里勒">布里勒</a>；这是商业生产的</figcaption></figure> <p>据历史学家约瑟夫斯记载，已知的第一次颁发奖章的事例发生在<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="公元前">公元前</a>二世纪。他写道，大祭司乔纳森率领<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="希伯来人">希伯来人</a>帮助亚历山大·巴拉斯，作为回报，亚历山大“…送给乔纳森... 荣誉奖品，如金扣，这通常是国王亲属的专用奖品。” 罗马皇帝既使用军事奖章，也使用类似非常大金币的政治奖章，通常是金银制成，并像硬币一样冲压而成。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 这些奖章和真正的金币通常被作为珠宝镶嵌，由男女佩戴。 </p><p>薄金质奖章是一种薄金奖章，通常背面是空白的，在所谓的“黑暗时代”或迁徙时期的北欧地区被发现。它们通常带有悬挂环，显然是作为珠宝佩戴在链子上的。它们在一定程度上模仿了罗马帝国的硬币和奖章，但刻有神像、动物或其他图案。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 利乌德哈德奖章大约在公元600年在<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81-%E6%92%92%E5%85%8B%E9%80%8A%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0" title="盎格鲁-撒克逊英格兰">盎格鲁-撒克逊英格兰</a>制作，是已知唯一的一枚基督教奖章，来自一个单一的复制品，上面刻有利乌德哈德（或“圣莱塔德”）的名字，他是盎格鲁-撒克逊人的第一位牧师，这枚奖章很可能是赠送给皈依者的。现存的例子是作为珠宝佩戴的。 </p><p>在欧洲，从<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="中世纪">中世纪</a>晚期开始，君主、贵族，后来还有知识分子开始定制奖章，仅作为礼物赠送给他们的政治盟友，以维持或获得有影响力的人的支持。奖章由各种金属制成，如金、镀金银、银、青铜和铅，具体取决于接受者的身份地位。它们通常直径约为三英寸，正面通常刻有捐赠者的头像，周围环绕着他们的名字和头衔的铭文，反面则刻有他们的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%BD%E7%AB%A0" title="徽章">徽章</a>，边缘刻有一条学习格言。这类奖章通常并不是为了佩戴而设计的，尽管它们可能被设置为链上的吊坠。从16世纪起，奖章不仅由统治者用于颁发，也由私人企业为销售而制作，以纪念特定事件，包括军事战役和胜利，进而发展出专门颁发给参战者的军事奖章的做法，尽管最初只有少数高级军官才获得这些奖章。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pisanello,_medaglia_di_giovanni_paleologo,_I_esemplare_del_bargello.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pisanello%2C_medaglia_di_giovanni_paleologo%2C_I_esemplare_del_bargello.JPG/220px-Pisanello%2C_medaglia_di_giovanni_paleologo%2C_I_esemplare_del_bargello.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pisanello%2C_medaglia_di_giovanni_paleologo%2C_I_esemplare_del_bargello.JPG/330px-Pisanello%2C_medaglia_di_giovanni_paleologo%2C_I_esemplare_del_bargello.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pisanello%2C_medaglia_di_giovanni_paleologo%2C_I_esemplare_del_bargello.JPG/440px-Pisanello%2C_medaglia_di_giovanni_paleologo%2C_I_esemplare_del_bargello.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1736" data-file-height="1748" /></a><figcaption>约翰八世帕里奥洛格斯皇帝奖章，由皮萨内罗在他访问佛罗伦萨期间制作（1438年）。铭文用希腊文写着：“罗马人的<i>皇帝</i>和<i>独裁者</i>约翰帕里奥洛格斯。”</figcaption></figure> <p>中世纪复兴似乎始于1400年左右，奢华的法国王子让，贝里公爵委托制作了一些大型的古典主义奖章，这些奖章可能只制作了极少量，甚至只有一个独特的铸件。虽然原作的贵金属奖章已不复存在，但只有青铜铸件保存了下来，至少有些奖章还镶嵌了宝石，可能被佩戴在链子上。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 在同一时期，已知的第一枚后古典纪念胜利的奖章是为弗朗切斯科·卡拉拉 (诺维洛)在1390年攻占帕多瓦时铸造的。意大利艺术家皮萨内罗，被公认为<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E5%A4%8D%E5%85%B4" title="文艺复兴">文艺复兴</a>时期最优秀的奖章雕刻家，于1438年开始制作奖章，庆祝<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="拜占庭皇帝">拜占庭皇帝</a> 约翰八世帕里奥洛格斯前所未有的访问意大利。这大概是一项商业冒险，但他后来的奖章主要是由统治者或贵族委托制作，以礼品的形式分发出去。像几乎所有早期的文艺复兴奖章一样，它是铸造而非冲压的。每次铸造时，奖章的尺寸都会略有缩小，产量可能并不大。通常会使用铅制“样品”来验证。奖章与古典复兴的关联开始采取一种略有不同的形式，奖章的交换与文艺复兴人文主义联系在一起。王子们会将奖章赠送给人文主义作家和学者，以表彰他们的工作，而人文主义者们则开始制作自己的奖章，通常是青铜制成的，用来送给他们的赞助人和同行。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 这种时尚仅限于意大利，直到15世纪末期才传播到其他国家。到了16世纪，统治者或城市越来越多地制作奖章以进行宣传。<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1550年，德国<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1" title="奥格斯堡">奥格斯堡</a>引入了一种使用钢制模具的冲压机，这一工艺很快成为标准。艺术家现在雕刻了一个凹雕模具，而不是用<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AE%E9%9B%95" title="浮雕">浮雕</a>建模。<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>到16世纪时，佩戴较小的奖章在男女之间成为一种持久的时尚。为了这一目的，商业上生产了各种奖章，用于纪念人物或事件，或者仅仅是表达一般适当的情感。德国艺术家从16世纪初开始就制作高质量的奖章，而法国和英国则较慢地生产精美的作品。然而，到17世纪末，西欧的大部分地区都能够制作出精美的奖章。一些奖章也被收藏，这种收藏传统一直延续到今天。官方奖章，也就是专门的军事奖章的前身，越来越多地被生产出来，但军事奖章的真正增长直到19世纪才出现。 </p><p>在东方，自18世纪以来，奥斯曼帝国授予了种类繁多的奖章和勋章。<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>在天主教国家，宗教奖章变得非常流行。其中最著名的是奇迹奖章，其设计基于圣母玛利亚在巴黎显现给圣凯瑟琳·拉布雷的事件。1832年，在一次流行病期间，首次分发了这些奖章，许多治愈和皈依事件都被归功于它们，因此得名奇迹奖章，并分发给全球数百万人。<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>在宗教改革期间，也有一种充满活力的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="新教">新教</a>奖章传统，这些奖章比宗教奖章更具争论性，这一传统在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰独立战争">荷兰独立战争</a>期间生产的盖乌森奖章中得以延续。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8D%8E%E7%AB%A0&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%89%8C" title="金牌">金牌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E7%89%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="銀牌">銀牌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%85%E7%89%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="銅牌">銅牌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E6%9C%83%E7%8D%8E%E7%89%8C" title="奧林匹克運動會獎牌">奧林匹克運動會獎牌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%8B%E7%AB%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="勋章">勋章</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8D%8E%E7%AB%A0&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weitzmann, Kurt, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15324coll10/id/156533">灵性时代：第三至第七世纪的晚期古代和早期基督教艺术</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150426182735/http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15324coll10/id/156533">存檔</a>，存档日期2015-04-26.,</i> (在线PDF), 第36-46页，纽约，大都会艺术博物馆，1979年；奥斯本，563</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/2001.583">"薄金质奖章斯堪的纳维亚] (2001.583)"</a>. 纽约：大都会艺术博物馆，2000年。在Heilbrunn艺术史时间线. 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(1988.133)". 纽约：大都会艺术博物馆，2000年至今。访问时间：2010年7月5日</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Osbourne, 563-564</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scher</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Osbourne, 567</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Küskü, Fırat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/69826543">II. ABDÜLHAMİD İN MADALYA SİYASETİ: LİYAKAT MADALYASI ÖRNEĞİ</a>. 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id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chapellenotredamedelamedaillemiraculeuse.com/langues/english/apparitions-et-la-medaille-miraculeuse-gb/">圣母显现与奇迹奖章 | 奇迹奖章圣母教堂</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-08-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220705085541/https://www.chapellenotredamedelamedaillemiraculeuse.com/langues/english/apparitions-et-la-medaille-miraculeuse-gb/">存档</a>于2022-07-05）.</cite><span 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