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</div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Qau language</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: lavender;">Qau</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">China</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Anshun" title="Anshun">Anshun</a> City and <a href="/wiki/Pingba_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Pingba County">Pingba County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">2,000 (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-e24_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e24-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kra%E2%80%93Dai_languages" title="Kra–Dai languages">Kra–Dai</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Kra_languages" title="Kra languages">Kra</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>Ge–Chi<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Gelao_languages" title="Gelao languages">Gelao</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Qau</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: lavender;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/gqu" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:gqu">gqu</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/qaua1234">qaua1234</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Endangered_Languages_Project" title="Endangered Languages Project">ELP</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/1511">Gao Gelao</a></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Qau</b>, <b>Central Gelao</b>, or <b>Sinicized Gelao</b> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">汉仡佬</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Hàn Gēlǎo</span></i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Gelao_languages" title="Gelao languages">Gelao</a> language spoken in <a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a>, China.<sup id="cite_ref-zhang_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zhang-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dialects">Dialects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qau_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Dialects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The dialects of Qau that are still spoken are:<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Dagouchang 大狗场 or Pingba Qau (in <a href="/wiki/Pingba_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Pingba County">Pingba County</a>)</li> <li>Wanzi 湾子 or Anshun Qau (in <a href="/wiki/Anshun" title="Anshun">Anshun</a> City)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qau_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qau_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Consonants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th rowspan="2">(<a href="/wiki/Alveolo-palatal_consonant" title="Alveolo-palatal consonant">Alveolo</a>-)<br /><a href="/wiki/Alveolo-palatal_consonant" title="Alveolo-palatal consonant">palatal</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Uvular_consonant" title="Uvular consonant">Uvular</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><small>plain</small> </th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">lat.</a></small> </th> <th><small>plain</small> </th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">lat.</a></small> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal nasal">ɲ̟</a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Stop_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Stop consonant">Stop</a> </th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">voiceless</a></small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_release_(phonetics)" title="Lateral release (phonetics)">pˡ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_release_(phonetics)" title="Lateral release (phonetics)">kˡ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a></span> </td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span>) </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">aspirated</a></small> </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">pʰ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">tʰ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">kʰ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">qʰ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">prenasal</a></small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">ᵐp</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">ᵐpˡ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">ⁿt</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">ᵑk</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">ᵑkˡ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Affricate_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Affricate consonant">Affricate</a> </th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">voiceless</a></small> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate">ts</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate">tɕ</a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">aspirated</a></small> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">tsʰ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">tɕʰ</a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">prenasal</a></small> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">ⁿts</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">ᶮtɕ</a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fricative_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Fricative consonant">Fricative</a> </th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">voiceless</a></small> </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative">ɕ</a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a></small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_release_(phonetics)" title="Lateral release (phonetics)">vˡ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative">ʑ</a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Approximant_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Approximant consonant">Approximant</a> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="2">(<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span>) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>[ʔ] is heard in syllable-initial position before vowels.</li> <li>[w] is heard as an initial consonant of Chinese loanwords.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qau_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close back unrounded vowel">ɯ</a></span>) </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">ə</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/R-colored_vowel" title="R-colored vowel">ə˞</a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open back rounded vowel">ɒ</a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Diphthongs </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">iu,<span class="wrap"> </span>ie,<span class="wrap"> </span>iɒ,<span class="wrap"> </span>io</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ue,<span class="wrap"> </span>ua,<span class="wrap"> </span>uɒ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ei</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">əu,<span class="wrap"> </span>əɯ</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ai,<span class="wrap"> </span>au</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Triphthong" title="Triphthong">Triphthong</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">iau</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">uei,<span class="wrap"> </span>uai</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Final-nasal </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">in</span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">un</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">uŋ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">en</span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Open</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">an</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">aŋ</span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Triphthong" title="Triphthong">Triphthong</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ian</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">uan</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">uaŋ</span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>/i/ is heard as a syllabic [ɹ̩] when after sounds /s, ts/</li></ul> <ul><li>[ɯ] is only heard in the diphthong /əɯ/.</li> <li>Vowels with a word-final /n/ can also be heard as nasalized [Ṽ].<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pronouns">Pronouns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qau_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pronouns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following are pronouns from <a href="/wiki/Pingba" class="mw-redirect" title="Pingba">Pingba</a> Gelao.<sup id="cite_ref-zhang_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zhang-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Gloss</th> <th>Pingba Gelao </th></tr> <tr> <td>I</td> <td>(<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">su<sup>33</sup></span>) <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">i<sup>42</sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>you</td> <td>(<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">su<sup>33</sup></span>) <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">mu<sup>21</sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>he, she, it</td> <td>(<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">su<sup>33</sup></span>) <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">u<sup>42</sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>we</td> <td>(<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">su<sup>33</sup></span>) <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ta<sup>33</sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>you all</td> <td>(<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">su<sup>33</sup></span>) <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">sa<sup>33</sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>they</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">pə<sup>42</sup><span class="wrap"> </span>nu<sup>42</sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>my household</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">qa<sup>33</sup>/a<sup>33</sup><span class="wrap"> </span>qei<sup>42</sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>your household</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">qa<sup>33</sup>/a<sup>33</sup><span class="wrap"> </span>mu<sup>21</sup></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>his/her household</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">qa<sup>33</sup>/a<sup>55</sup><span class="wrap"> </span>qu<sup>42</sup></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Numerals">Numerals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qau_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Numerals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pingba Gelao numerals are given below. </p> <ol><li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">si<sup>33</sup></span></li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">su<sup>33</sup></span></li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ta<sup>33</sup></span></li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">pu<sup>33</sup></span></li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">mpu<sup>33</sup></span></li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">naŋ<sup>33</sup></span></li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɕi<sup>13</sup></span></li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">zua<sup>55</sup></span></li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">sə<sup>13</sup></span></li> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">pan<sup>13</sup></span></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qau_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-e24-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e24_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/24/language/gqu">Qau</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (24th ed., 2021) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zhang-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-zhang_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zhang_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFZhang1993" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zhang, Jimin 张済民 (1993). <i>Gēlǎoyǔ yánjiū</i> <bdi lang="zh">仡佬语研究</bdi> [<i>A Study of Gelao</i>] (in Chinese). Guiyang: Guizhou minzu chubanshe.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=G%C4%93l%C7%8Eoy%C7%94+y%C3%A1nji%C5%AB+%E4%BB%A1%E4%BD%AC%E8%AF%AD%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.place=Guiyang&rft.pub=Guizhou+minzu+chubanshe&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Jimin+%E5%BC%A0%E6%B8%88%E6%B0%91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQau+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhou2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zhou, Guoyan 周国炎 (2004). <i>Gēlǎozú mǔyǔ shēngtài yánjiū</i> <bdi lang="zh">仡佬族母語生态硏究</bdi> [<i>Studies on the Linguistic Ecology of the Gelao People</i>] (in Chinese). Beijing: Minzu chubanshe.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=G%C4%93l%C7%8Eoz%C3%BA+m%C7%94y%C7%94+sh%C4%93ngt%C3%A0i+y%C3%A1nji%C5%AB+%E4%BB%A1%E4%BD%AC%E6%97%8F%E6%AF%8D%E8%AA%9E%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E7%A1%8F%E7%A9%B6&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pub=Minzu+chubanshe&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Zhou&rft.aufirst=Guoyan+%E5%91%A8%E5%9B%BD%E7%82%8E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQau+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLi2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Li, Jinfang 李锦芳 (2006). <i>Xīnán dìqū bīnwēi yǔyán diàochá yánjiū</i> <bdi lang="zh">西南地区濒危语言调查研究</bdi> [<i>Studies on Endangered Languages in the Southwest China</i>] (in Chinese). Beijing: Zhongyang minzu daxue chubanshe.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=X%C4%ABn%C3%A1n+d%C3%ACq%C5%AB+b%C4%ABnw%C4%93i+y%C7%94y%C3%A1n+di%C3%A0och%C3%A1+y%C3%A1nji%C5%AB+%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E6%BF%92%E5%8D%B1%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E8%B0%83%E6%9F%A5%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pub=Zhongyang+minzu+daxue+chubanshe&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Jinfang+%E6%9D%8E%E9%94%A6%E8%8A%B3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQau+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHe1983" class="citation book cs1">He, Jiashan [贺嘉善] (1983). <i>Gēlǎo yǔ jiǎn zhì [仡佬语简志] (A sketch of Gelao)</i>. Beijing: Ethnic Publishing House [民族出版社].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=G%C4%93l%C7%8Eo+y%C7%94+ji%C7%8En+zh%C3%AC+%5B%E4%BB%A1%E4%BD%AC%E8%AF%AD%E7%AE%80%E5%BF%97%5D+%28A+sketch+of+Gelao%29&rft.pub=Beijing%3A+Ethnic+Publishing+House+%5B%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE%5D&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=He&rft.aufirst=Jiashan+%5B%E8%B4%BA%E5%98%89%E5%96%84%5D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQau+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kra%E2%80%93Dai_languages" title="Template talk:Kra–Dai languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kra%E2%80%93Dai_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kra–Dai languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kra–Dai_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kra%E2%80%93Dai_languages" title="Kra–Dai languages">Kra–Dai languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kra_languages" title="Kra languages">Kra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laha_language" title="Laha language">Laha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachi_language" title="Lachi language">Lachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paha_language" title="Paha language">Paha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buyang_language" title="Buyang language">Buyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/En_language" title="En language">En</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qabiao_language" title="Qabiao language">Qabiao</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Gelao" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Gelao_languages" title="Gelao languages">Gelao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vandu_language" title="Vandu language">Vandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%27ou_language" title="A'ou language">A'ou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulao_language_(Kra)" title="Mulao language (Kra)">Mulao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagei_language" title="Hagei language">Hagei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telue_language" title="Telue language">Telue</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Qau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kam%E2%80%93Sui_languages" title="Kam–Sui languages">Kam–Sui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mulam_language" title="Mulam language">Mulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kam_language" title="Kam language">Kam</a> (Dong)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Miao_language" title="Cao Miao language">Cao Miao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuoxi_language" title="Nuoxi language">Nuoxi</a> (Naxi Yao)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Then_language" title="Then language">Then</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maonan_language" title="Maonan language">Maonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadong_language" title="Chadong language">Chadong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_language" title="Sui language">Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mak_language" title="Mak language">Mak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ai-Cham_language" title="Ai-Cham language">Ai-Cham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biao_language" title="Biao language">Biao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biao_language" title="Biao language">Biao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lakkia_language" title="Lakkia language">Lakkia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakkia_language" title="Lakkia language">Lakkia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hlai_languages" title="Hlai languages">Hlai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouhin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bouhin language">Bouhin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha_Em_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ha Em language">Ha Em</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauhut_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Lauhut language">Lauhut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongzha_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tongzha language">Tongzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zandui_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Zandui language">Zandui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoting_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Baoting language">Baoting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cun_language" title="Cun language">Cun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadou_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nadou language">Nadou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changjiang_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Changjiang language">Changjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moyfaw_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Moyfaw language">Moyfaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baisha_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Baisha language">Baisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanmen_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuanmen language">Yuanmen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiamao_language" title="Jiamao language">Jiamao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiamao_language" title="Jiamao language">Jiamao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Be_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Be language">Be</a>–<a href="/wiki/Jizhao_language" title="Jizhao language">Jizhao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Be_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Be language">Be</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jizhao_language" title="Jizhao language">Jizhao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tai_languages" title="Tai languages">Tai</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Zhuang_languages" title="Zhuang languages">Zhuang</a>, etc.)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Tai_languages" title="Northern Tai languages">Northern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Zhuang" title="Standard Zhuang">Standard Zhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouyei_language" title="Bouyei language">Bouyei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezhang_Buyi_language" title="Hezhang Buyi language">Hezhang Buyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yei_Zhuang_language" title="Yei Zhuang language">Yei Zhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longsang_Zhuang_language" title="Longsang Zhuang language">Longsang Zhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E_language" title="E language">E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saek_language" title="Saek language">Saek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Yo_language" title="Tai Yo language">Tai Yo</a> (Nyaw)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoy_language" title="Yoy language">Yoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Pao_language" title="Tai Pao language">Tai Pao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Tai_languages" title="Central Tai languages">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nong_Zhuang_language" title="Nong Zhuang language">Nong Zhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_Zhuang_language" title="Dai Zhuang language">Dai Zhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Zhuang_language" title="Min Zhuang language">Min Zhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Zhuang_language" title="Yang Zhuang language">Yang Zhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyang_Zhuang_language" title="Pyang Zhuang language">Pyang Zhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myang_Zhuang_language" title="Myang Zhuang language">Myang Zhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B9ng_language_(Tai)" title="Nùng language (Tai)">Nùng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A0y_language" title="Tày language">Tày</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ts%CA%BB%C3%BCn-Lao_language" title="Tsʻün-Lao language">Tsʻün-Lao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Tai_languages" title="Southwestern Tai languages">Southwestern</a><br />(Thai)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Northwestern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shan_language" title="Shan language">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Ya_language" title="Tai Ya language">Tai Ya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Nuea_language" title="Tai Nuea language">Tai Nuea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Long_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai Long language">Tai Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Hongjin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai Hongjin language">Tai Hongjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamti_language" title="Khamti language">Khamti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Laing_language" title="Tai Laing language">Tai Laing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phake_language" title="Phake language">Phake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiton_language" title="Aiton language">Aiton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamyang_language" title="Khamyang language">Khamyang</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ahom_language" title="Ahom language">Ahom</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Turung_language" title="Turung language">Turung</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Lao–Phutai</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phu_Thai_language" title="Phu Thai language">Phu Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isan_language" title="Isan language">Isan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Yo_language" title="Tai Yo language">Tai Yo</a> (Nyaw)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Nyo_language" title="Lao Nyo language">Lao Nyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaloeng_language" title="Kaloeng language">Kaloeng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Chiang Saen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a> (Siamese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Thai_language" title="Northern Thai language">Northern Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Daeng_language" title="Tai Daeng language">Tai Daeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Meuay_language" title="Tai Meuay language">Tai Meuay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_D%C3%B3n_language" title="Tai Dón language">Tai Dón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Hang_Tong_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai Hang Tong language">Tai Hang Tong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Lue_language" title="Tai Lue language">Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yong_language" title="Yong language">Yong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Dam_language" title="Tai Dam language">Tai Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh%C3%BCn_language" title="Khün language">Khün</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phuan_language" title="Phuan language">Phuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Song_language" title="Thai Song language">Thai Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A0y_Tac_language" title="Tày Tac language">Tày Tac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Thai_language" title="Southern Thai language">Southern Thai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">(other)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sapa_language" title="Sapa language">Sapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa_Di_language" title="Pa Di language">Pa Di</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Muong_Vat_language" title="Tai Muong Vat language">Tai Muong Vat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Thanh_language" title="Tai Thanh language">Tai Thanh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tay_Khang_language" title="Tay Khang language">Tai Khang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuan_language_(Laos)" title="Kuan language (Laos)">Kuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/Mixed_language" title="Mixed language">mixed</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Lan_language" title="Cao Lan language">Cao Lan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">(<i><a href="/wiki/Mixed_language" title="Mixed language">mixed origins</a></i>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hezhang_Buyi_language" title="Hezhang Buyi language">Hezhang Buyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E_language" title="E language">E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Lan_language" title="Cao Lan language">Cao Lan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiamao_language" title="Jiamao language">Jiamao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>proposed groupings</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kam%E2%80%93Tai_languages" title="Kam–Tai languages">Kam–Tai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proto-language" title="Proto-language">Proto-languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Kra%E2%80%93Dai_language" title="Proto-Kra–Dai language">Proto-Kra–Dai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Kra_language" title="Proto-Kra language">Proto-Kra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Tai_language" title="Proto-Tai language">Proto-Tai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Kam%E2%80%93Sui_language" title="Proto-Kam–Sui language">Proto-Kam–Sui</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Hlai_language" title="Proto-Hlai language">Proto-Hlai</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct languages</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output 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