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href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-تریخ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#تریخ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۱</span> <span>تریخ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-تریخ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-تھیوری" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#تھیوری"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۲</span> <span>تھیوری</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-تھیوری-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-باہرلے_جوڑ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#باہرلے_جوڑ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۳</span> <span>باہرلے جوڑ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-باہرلے_جوڑ-sublist" 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contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">کیمسٹری</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in ۲۳۵ languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-235" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">۲۳۵ بولیاں</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemie" title="Chemie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Chemie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemie" title="Chemie – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Chemie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8C%A5%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B0_%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%A5%E1%88%AD_%E1%8C%A5%E1%8A%93%E1%89%B5" title="የጥንተ ንጥር ጥናት – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የጥንተ ንጥር ጥናት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quimica" title="Quimica – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Quimica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="रसायनशास्त्र – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="रसायनशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="اک چنگا آرٹیکل"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="كيمياء – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كيمياء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9F%DC%9D%DC%A1%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܟܝܡܝܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܟܝܡܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A" title="شيمي – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="شيمي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="كيميا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كيميا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="ৰসায়ন বিজ্ঞান – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰসায়ন বিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Química – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Química" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химия – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Химия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razopa" title="Razopa – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Razopa" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="रसायनशास्‍त्र – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="रसायनशास्‍त्र" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimya" title="Kimya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kimya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C" title="شیمی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شیمی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химия – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Химия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemii" title="Kemii – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kemii" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kem%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Kemėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kemėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimika" title="Kimika – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kimika" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Хімія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хімія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Хімія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хімія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Химия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="रसायनशास्‍त्र – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रसायनशास्‍त्र" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemistri" title="Kemistri – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Kemistri" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Kimia" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%93%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ဓာတုဗေဒ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဓာတုဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8" title="রসায়ন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রসায়ন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%AB%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8D" title="རྫས་འགྱུར་རིག་པ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྫས་འགྱུར་རིག་པ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimiezh" title="Kimiezh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kimiezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemija" title="Hemija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hemija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Kimia" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Хими – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хими" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Química – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Química" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quimica" title="Quimica – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Quimica" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%C3%A1-h%C5%8Fk" title="Huá-hŏk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Huá-hŏk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimika" title="Kimika – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kimika" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%91%E1%8F%B0%E1%8F%97%E1%8F%A7%E1%8F%93%E1%8E%B4%E1%8E%B2%E1%8F%93%E1%8F%85%E1%8F%AC%E1%8F%98" title="ᎠᏑᏰᏗᏧᏓᎴᎲᏓᏅᏬᏘ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏑᏰᏗᏧᏓᎴᎲᏓᏅᏬᏘ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کیمیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کیمیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimica" title="Chimica – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Chimica" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himiya" title="Himiya – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Himiya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemie" title="Chemie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chemie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemij%C3%B4" title="Chemijô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Chemijô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Хими – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хими" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemeg" title="Cemeg – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cemeg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemi" title="Kemi – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kemi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemie" title="Chemie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chemie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C3%B6c%C3%ABk%C3%A4ti%C9%94%C9%94p" title="Piöcëkätiɔɔp – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Piöcëkätiɔɔp" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimya" title="Kimya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kimya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Kimia" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%A9%DE%89%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%A7%DE%87%DE%A9_%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%B0%DE%89%DE%AA" title="ކީމިއާއީ އިލްމު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކީމިއާއީ އިލްމު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Χημεία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χημεία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A9mmica" title="Chémmica – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Chémmica" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chemistry" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemio" title="Kemio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kemio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Química – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Química" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keemia" title="Keemia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Keemia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimika" title="Kimika – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kimika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Química – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Química" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C" title="شیمی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شیمی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemia" title="Kemia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kemia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keemi%C3%A4" title="Keemiä – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Keemiä" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemisitiri" title="Kemisitiri – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Kemisitiri" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="اک چنگا آرٹیکل"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evnafr%C3%B8%C3%B0i" title="Evnafrøði – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Evnafrøði" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimie" title="Chimie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chimie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C2%B7imie" title="Ch·imie – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Ch·imie" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemii" title="Chemii – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Chemii" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimiche" title="Chimiche – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Chimiche" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skiekunde" title="Skiekunde – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Skiekunde" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceimic" title="Ceimic – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ceimic" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="化學 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="化學" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimi" title="Chimi – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Chimi" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceimigeachd" title="Ceimigeachd – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ceimigeachd" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Química – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Química" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADmika" title="Kímika – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kímika" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Kimia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%A3_%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0" title="રસાયણ શાસ્ત્ર – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="રસાયણ શાસ્ત્ર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achajaya" title="Achajaya – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Achajaya" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemmig" title="Kemmig – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Kemmig" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimiyya" title="Kimiyya – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kimiyya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa-ho%CC%8Dk" title="Fa-ho̍k – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Fa-ho̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemika" title="Kemika – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kemika" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94" title="כימיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כימיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="रसायन विज्ञान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रसायन विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasayan_vigyan" title="Rasayan vigyan – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Rasayan vigyan" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemija" title="Kemija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kemija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimi" title="Chimi – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Chimi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9mia" title="Kémia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kémia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Քիմիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քիմիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A1%D6%80%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Տարրաբանութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Տարրաբանութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimia" title="Chimia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Chimia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Kimia" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kimia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimie" title="Chimie – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Chimie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADmika" title="Kímika – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kímika" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Хими – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Хими" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemio" title="Kemio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kemio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efnafr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Efnafræði – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Efnafræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimica" title="Chimica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chimica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="化学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="化学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimischri" title="Kimischri – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kimischri" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/xumske" title="xumske – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="xumske" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kimia" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ქიმია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქიმია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ximiya" title="Ximiya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Ximiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takrura" title="Takrura – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Takrura" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siimii_l%C9%9B%C9%A3t%CA%8B" title="Siimii lɛɣtʋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Siimii lɛɣtʋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemu" title="Kemu – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Kemu" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Химия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6" title="គីមីវិទ្យា – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="គីមីវិទ្យា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ರಸಾಯನಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಸಾಯನಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%94%ED%95%99" title="화학 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="화학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%9A%D9%86" title="رسایٚن – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="رسایٚن" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%AEmya" title="Kîmya – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kîmya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kymystry" title="Kymystry – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kymystry" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химия – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Химия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemia" title="Chemia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Chemia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemika" title="Kemika – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Kemika" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimie" title="Chimie – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Chimie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химия – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Химия" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimica" title="Cimica – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Cimica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebyobuziba" title="Ebyobuziba – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Ebyobuziba" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemie" title="Chemie – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Chemie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimica" title="Chimica – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Chimica" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimica" title="Chimica – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Chimica" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%ADmica" title="Chímica – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Chímica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9mi" title="Kémi – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Kémi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ເຄມີສາດ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເຄມີສາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemija" title="Chemija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Chemija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABmija" title="Ķīmija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ķīmija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="रसायनशास्‍त्र – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="रसायनशास्‍त्र" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Kimia" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Химиясь – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Химиясь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simia" title="Simia – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Simia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Химий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Химий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81tauranga_mat%C5%AB" title="Mātauranga matū – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Mātauranga matū" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kimia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Хемија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хемија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="രസതന്ത്രം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രസതന്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Хими – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хими" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A0%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯤꯟꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="रसायनशास्त्र – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रसायनशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kimia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimika" title="Kimika – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Kimika" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Química – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Química" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%93%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ဓာတုဗေဒ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဓာတုဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химия – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Химия" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کیمیا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کیمیا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemie" title="Chemie – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Chemie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheikunde" title="Scheikunde – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Scheikunde" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="रसायनशास्त्र – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रसायनशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="रसायनशास्त्र – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रसायनशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheikunde" title="Scheikunde – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Scheikunde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjemi" title="Kjemi – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kjemi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjemi" title="Kjemi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kjemi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemie" title="Kemie – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Kemie" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimie" title="Chimie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Chimie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khemistri" title="Khemistri – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Khemistri" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quimia" title="Quimia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Quimia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemistirii" title="Kemistirii – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Kemistirii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%A8_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9E%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ରସାୟନ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ରସାୟନ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Хими – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хими" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A3_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਰਸਾਇਣ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਸਾਇਣ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9mie" title="Kémie – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Kémie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemistrii" title="Kemistrii – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Kemistrii" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemia" title="Chemia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chemia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="کيميا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کيميا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Química – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Química" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaqllisinchi" title="Chaqllisinchi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chaqllisinchi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimie" title="Chimie – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Chimie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimie" title="Chimie – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Chimie" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Химия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Хемія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Хемія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="रसतन्त्रम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रसतन्त्रम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химия – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Химия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%ACmica" title="Chìmica – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Chìmica" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%ACmica" title="Chìmica – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Chìmica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistrie" title="Chemistrie – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Chemistrie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="علم ڪيميا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="علم ڪيميا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemija" title="Hemija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hemija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takimit" title="Takimit – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Takimit" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="රසායන විද්‍යාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රසායන විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chemistry" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A9mia" title="Chémia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chémia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="کیمسٹری – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="کیمسٹری" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="اک چنگا آرٹیکل"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemija" title="Kemija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kemija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemisi" title="Kemisi – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Kemisi" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemishonga" title="Chemishonga – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chemishonga" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimisteri" title="Kimisteri – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kimisteri" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kimia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Хемија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хемија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikhemisi" title="Ikhemisi – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Ikhemisi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemie" title="Chemie – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Chemie" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kimia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemi" title="Kemi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kemi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemia" title="Kemia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kemia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chymij%C5%8F" title="Chymijŏ – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Chymijŏ" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="வேதியியல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வேதியியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%82_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9E%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ಭೂ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಭೂ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="రసాయన శాస్త్రం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రసాయన శాస్త్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADmika" title="Kímika – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Kímika" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%91" title="Кимиё – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Кимиё" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5" title="เคมี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เคมี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himi%C3%BDa" title="Himiýa – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Himiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimika" title="Kimika – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kimika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimj%C9%99" title="Kimjə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Kimjə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemi" title="Kemi – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Kemi" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemistri" title="Kemistri – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Kemistri" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimya" title="Kimya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kimya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntivo-Mirhi" title="Ntivo-Mirhi – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Ntivo-Mirhi" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химия – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Химия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemistre" title="Kemistre – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Kemistre" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химия – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Химия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Хімія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хімія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کیمیا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کیمیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimyo" title="Kimyo – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kimyo" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%ACmega" title="Chìmega – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Chìmega" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himii" title="Himii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Himii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Hóa học – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hóa học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiemav" title="Kiemav – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Kiemav" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchimeye" title="Tchimeye – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tchimeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADmika" title="Kímika – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kímika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="化學 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="化學" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKhemistri" title="IKhemistri – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IKhemistri" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ქიმია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ქიმია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A2" title="כעמיע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="כעמיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%E1%BA%B9%CC%81m%C3%ADstr%C3%AC" title="Kẹ́místrì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Kẹ́místrì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vayoz" title="Vayoz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vayoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheikunde" title="Scheikunde – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Scheikunde" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%BD%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%94%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵓⵔⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="化學 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="化學" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="化學 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="化學" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B2a-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Hòa-ha̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hòa-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="化學 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="化學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umchazatho" title="Umchazatho – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umchazatho" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2329#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="بولیاں دے آپسی جوڑ لکھو" class="wbc-editpage">جوڑ سودھو</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="ناں تھاواں"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:RecentChangesLinked/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C" rel="nofollow" title="اس صفحے نال جڑے صفحیاں وچ نویاں تبدیلیاں [k]" accesskey="k"><span>رلدیاں ملدیاں تبدیلیاں</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=pnb" title="فائل چڑھاؤ [u]" accesskey="u"><span>فائل چڑھاؤ</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:SpecialPages" title="سارے خاص صفحیاں دی اک لسٹ [q]" accesskey="q"><span>خاص صفحے</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C&oldid=671476" title="اس صفحے دے اس ورژن نال پکا جوڑ"><span>پکا جوڑ</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>صفحے بارے جاݨکاری</span></a></li><li id="n-اج-دے-رُجحان" class="mw-list-item"><a href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/wikitrends/punjabi-most-visited-today.html"><span>اج دے رُجحان</span></a></li><li id="n-ہفتے-دے-رُجحان" class="mw-list-item"><a href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/wikitrends/punjabi-most-visited-this-week.html"><span>ہفتے دے رُجحان</span></a></li><li id="n-مہینے-دے-رُجحان" class="mw-list-item"><a href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/wikitrends/punjabi-most-visited-this-month.html"><span>مہینے دے رُجحان</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:CiteThisPage&page=%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C&id=671476&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="اس صفحے دے حوالہ دے طریقہ دے بارے وچ معلومات"><span>ایس صفحے دا حوالہ دیو</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpnb.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25DA%25A9%25DB%258C%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%25B9%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpnb.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25DA%25A9%25DB%258C%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%25B9%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> چھاپو یا باہر لو </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C"><span>کتاب بناؤ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:DownloadAsPdf&page=%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF وجوں ڈاؤن لوڈ کرو</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C&printable=yes" title="اس صفحے دا چھپن والا ورژن ویکھو [p]" accesskey="p"><span>چھاپݨ والا صفحہ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ہور منصوبےآں وچ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Chemistry" hreflang="en"><span>ویکیمیڈیا کامنز</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2329" title="ریپوزیٹری آئیٹم نال جوڑ [g]" accesskey="g"><span>وِکیڈیٹا تے مد</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">لُکاؤ</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">آزاد انسائیکلوپیڈیا، وکیپیڈیا توں</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="pnb" dir="rtl"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84:Chemicals_in_flasks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Chemicals_in_flasks.jpg/250px-Chemicals_in_flasks.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Chemicals_in_flasks.jpg/375px-Chemicals_in_flasks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Chemicals_in_flasks.jpg/500px-Chemicals_in_flasks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1818" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>کیمسٹری</b> مادے دی <a href="/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%B3" title="سائنس">سائنس</a> اے جیہدے وچ کمیائی مادیاں دے آپس وچ رلن، ایہناں وچ تبدیلاں تے مادے دی اندر دی بنتر نوں پڑھیا جاندا اے۔ کیمسٹری <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%85" title="ایٹم">ایٹم</a> تے ایٹم دے دوجے ایٹماں نال جڑن تے کیمیائی جوڑاں بارے دسدی اے۔ </p><p>کیمسٹری اک وشکارلی سائینس وی ہے کیوں جے ایہہ <a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B2%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="فزکس">فزکس</a> نوں <a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%BE%DA%91%DA%BE%D8%AA" title="جیون پڑھت">جیون پڑھت</a> یا <a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%BE%DA%91%DA%BE%D8%AA" title="جیون پڑھت">بیالوجی</a> تے <a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="جیالوجی">جیالوجی</a> نال جوڑ دی ہے۔ </p><p>کیمسٹری اک سائینس لئی 17ویں اَتے 18وین صدی وچ اگے آئی جدوں تجرے تے ایہدی نین٘ہہ رکھی گئی۔ <a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%B9_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84" title="رابرٹ بوائل">رابرٹ بوائل</a>، <a href="/wiki/%DB%81%D9%85%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C" title="ہمفری ڈیوی">ہمفری ڈیوی</a> اتے <a href="/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="لیوائزر">لیوائزر</a> ایہدے موڈی منے بندے نیں۔ </p><p>کیمسٹری الکیمی توں بنیا اے جیہڑا کیمی توں بنیا سی ایہ مصر دا اک ناں سی۔ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="تریخ"><span id=".D8.AA.D8.B1.DB.8C.D8.AE"></span>تریخ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C&action=edit&section=1" title="حصہ لکھو: تریخ"><span>سودھو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>4000 ورھے پرانے مصری کیمسٹری دے موڈی منے جاندے نیں۔ 1000 م پ ورھے پہلے پرانیاں رہتلاں ایس ول جاندیاں اَتے ورت ریاں سن جنھاں نال دھاتاں نوں کجھ دھات نالوں وکھرا کیتا جاندا سی، بھانڈے بنائے جاندے سن، بئیر تے <a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="شراب">شراب</a> بنائیدی سی، مورتاں بنان اتے شنگارن لئی <a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF" title="رنگ">رنگ</a> بناۓ جاندے سن، دوائیاں تے خشبواں لئی کیمیائی چیزاں بوٹیاں چوں کڈھیاں جاندیاں سن، پنیر بنیا جاندا سی، کپڑے سکائی دے سن، چمڑھا رنگی دا سی، شیشہ بنائیدا سی اَتے پتل بنان لئی دھاتاں آپس وچ رلایاں جاندیاں سن۔ </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%B9_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84" title="رابرٹ بوائل">رابرٹ بوائل</a> (1627-1691) نوں نویں کیمسٹری دا موڈی کیا جاندا اے اوہنے <a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84_%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D9%82%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="بوائل دا قنون">بوائل دے قنون</a> راہیں کیمسٹری وچ سائنسی انقلاب دی نین٘ہہ پائی۔ <a href="/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="لیوائزر">لیوائزر</a> (1743-1794) دی مادے بارے سوچ اتے <a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%B9%D9%86" title="جان ڈالٹن">جان ڈالٹن</a> دا <a href="/wiki/%DA%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%B9%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%88%D9%84" title="ڈالٹن ماڈل">ایٹمی ماڈل</a> کیمسٹری نوں پنگھوڑے وچوں کڈھ کے جوان کر دیندے نیں۔ جوزف بلیک نے 1754 وچ کاربن ڈائی آکسائڈ نوں وکھریاں کیتا۔ 1774 وچ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81_%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%84%DB%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="جوزف پریسٹلے (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">جوزف پریسٹلے</a> تے <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%88%D9%84%DB%81%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="کارل ولہلم شیل (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">کارل ولہلم شیل</a> نے <a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AC%D9%86" title="آکسیجن">آکسیجن</a> نوں بلیا۔ ناں '<a href="/wiki/%D8%A2%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AC%D9%86" title="آکسیجن">آکسیجن</a>' <a href="/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="لیوائزر">لیوائزر</a> نے 1777 وچ رکھیا۔ <a href="/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="لیوائزر">لیوائزر</a> نے کیمیائی ترکڑی دے ورتن نوں عام کیتا، آکسیجن بارے دس کے فلوجسٹن سوچ نوں روکیا تے ناپ تول دا نواں پربندھ وی لیایا۔ اوہنے کیمسٹری سادہ بولی وچ لکھی تے ایہنوں فیر عام لوکاں نوں وی سمجھ آن لگ گئی۔ اوہدے ایہہ کم کیمیائی انقلاب دا مڈھ سن۔ ایسے لئی اوہنوں کیمسٹری دا پیو کہیا جاندا اے۔ جوزف پراؤسٹ نے ایہہ گل دسی جے عنصر کمپاؤنڈ بنن ویلے سادہ تے اک گنتی نال رلدے نیں۔ <a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D9%88%D9%88%DB%81%D9%84%D8%B1" title="فریڈرک ووہلر">فریڈرک ووہلر</a> (1800 – 1882) نے 1828 وچ <a href="/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="یوریا">یوریا</a> نوں لباٹری وچ بنا کے ایہہ گل دسی جے کئی کیمیکل کمپاؤنڈ لباٹری وچ وی بنائے جاسکدے نیں۔ <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88_%D9%88%D9%88%D9%84%D9%B9%D8%A7" title="الساندرو وولٹا">الساندرو وولٹا</a> نے کیمیائی بیٹری بناکے الیکٹروکیمسٹری دا مڈھ رکھیا۔ 1800 وچ ولیم نکلسن تے یوہان رٹر پانی نوں ہائڈروجن تے آکسیجن وچ <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B3%D8%B3" title="الیکٹرولائسس">الیکٹرولائسس</a> ول نال ونڈ دے نیں۔ <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%88%DB%92" title="مائیکل فراڈے">مائیکل فراڈے</a> کئی گیساں نوں پانی سار بنان وچ جت گیا۔ <a href="/wiki/%DB%81%D9%85%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C" title="ہمفری ڈیوی">ہمفری ڈیوی</a> نے 1807 وچ <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B3%D8%B3" title="الیکٹرولائسس">الیکٹرولائسس</a> دے ول نال <a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85" title="پوٹاشیم">پوٹاشیم</a>، <a href="/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%85" class="mw-redirect" title="سوڈیم">سوڈیم</a>، <a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85" title="بیریم">بیریم</a> <a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85" class="mw-redirect" title="کیلشیم">،کیلشیم</a> تے <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85" class="mw-redirect" title="میگنیشیم">میگنیشیم</a> لبے۔ </p><p>جیوں جیون نویں عنصر لبھدے گئے اَتے اوہناں نوں اک پدھر وچ رکھن دی لوڑ وی پئی 1869 تک 63 عنصر لبھے جا چکے سن۔ <a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81" title="دمتری مندلیف">دمتری مندلیف</a> (1834–1907) نے ایہناں نوں اک <a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%88%DA%A9_%D9%B9%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%84" title="پیریاڈک ٹیبل">پیریاڈک ٹیبل</a> دی مورت وچ بنا کے دسیا جیہڑی ہجے وی چل رہی ہے۔ </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%B9_%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%88" title="ارنسٹ ردرفورڈ">ارنسٹ ردرفورڈ</a> اتے <a href="/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D9%88%DB%81%D8%B1" title="نیلز بوہر">نیلز بوہر</a> دے 1912 دے ایٹمی ماڈلاں تے <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="میری کیوری">میری کیوری</a> اتے <a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="پیری کیوری">پیری کیوری</a> دی <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="تابکاری">تابکاری</a> دی لابھ نے مادے بارے دساں دے نویں بوہے کھولے والٹر ہیٹلر تے فرٹز <a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" title="لندن">لندن</a> نے 1927 وچ پہلی واری کواٹم کیمسٹری تے چانن پایا۔ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="تھیوری"><span id=".D8.AA.DA.BE.DB.8C.D9.88.D8.B1.DB.8C"></span>تھیوری</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C&action=edit&section=2" title="حصہ لکھو: تھیوری"><span>سودھو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>کیمسٹری بارے پڑھت <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="الیکٹران">مڈھلے زریاں</a>، <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%85" title="ایٹم">ایٹماں</a> <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84" title="مالیکیول">مالیکیولاں</a>، دھاتاں تے مادے نال بنیاں ہور شیواں نال ٹردی اے۔ ایہہ شیواں کلیاں یا رلکے <a href="/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="گیس">گیس</a>، <a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="پانی سار">پانی سار</a> یا پینڈی شے ہو سکدیاں نیں۔ کیمسٹری وچ ایہناں شیواں دے رلن یا کسے ہور شے وچ پلٹنا ایٹماں دا میل جول ہوندا اے، جیہدے وچ ایہناں دے کیمیائی جوڑ اک نویں پدھر وچ آندے نیں۔ کمیسٹری دی لباٹری وچ ایہہ ویکھیا جاندا اے۔ </p><p>کیمسٹری لباٹری وچ شیشے دیاں بوتلاں، <a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%86_%DA%86%D9%84%D8%A7" title="بنسن چلا">چلے</a>، گرمی ناپ تے ک‏ی شیواں ورتیاں جاندیاں نیں۔ پر ک‏ئی کم کیمسٹری لیب توں باہر وی ہوندے نیں۔ </p><p>اک کیمیائی کم وچ اک مادہ اک توں بوہتے مادیاں وچ پلٹدا اے۔ کیمیائی جوڑاں (chemical bonds) دا ایہہ پلٹنا ایٹماں دے <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="الیکٹران">الیکٹراناں</a> دا نویں پدھر وچ آنا ہوندا اے اَتے ایس کم دے ہون نوں کیمیائی ترکڑی (Chemical equation) وچ ایٹماں نوں نشان دے کے دسی دا اے۔ اک کیمیائی ترکڑی وچ سجے پاسے دے <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%85" title="ایٹم">ایٹم</a> کھبے پاسے ول دے ایٹماں جنے ہوندے نیں۔ جے ایہہ ترکڑی اکو جیہی نہ ہووے تاں ایہہ نیوکلیائی کم ہوے گا جیہدے وچ انرجی وی نکل سکد اے۔ ساریاں کیمیائی کماں وچ انرجی تے انٹروپی سوج وچ رہندے نیں۔ کیمائی مادیاں نوں اوہناں دے ٹانچے، حالت تے کیمیائی بنتر نال ٹولیاں وچ پایا جاندا اے۔ </p><p><b>ایٹم</b> </p><p>ایٹم کیمسٹری دا مڈھلا زرہ اے </p><p><b>کیمسٹری دے قنون</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84_%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D9%82%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="بوائل دا قنون">بوائل دا قنون</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D9%82%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="چارلس دا قنون (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">چارلس دا قنون</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%88%DA%AF%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B1%D9%88_%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D9%82%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="ایووگیڈرو دا قنون">ایووگیڈرو دا قنون</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DB%81%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D9%82%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ہنری دا قنون (صفحہ مَوجود نہیں اے)">ہنری دا قنون</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="باہرلے_جوڑ"><span id=".D8.A8.D8.A7.DB.81.D8.B1.D9.84.DB.92_.D8.AC.D9.88.DA.91"></span>باہرلے جوڑ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C&action=edit&section=3" title="حصہ لکھو: باہرلے جوڑ"><span>سودھو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div lang="ur" class="UrduText"> <table class="metadata mbox-small" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="Search Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Search Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><small>وکیمیڈیا کامنز چ مورتاں: <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chemistry" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Chemistry"> کیمسٹری</a></b> </small></td></tr></tbody></table> <br clear="all" /><center> <div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both;"> <div class="NavHead" style="background-color:#FBCCE7;"> <b>مڈلے ٹوٹے</b></div> <div class="NavContent" style="font-size:.85em; margin:0.5em;"> <p><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%85" title="ایٹم">ایٹم</a> <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="الیکٹران">الیکٹران</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نیوٹران">نیوٹران</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پروٹان">پروٹان</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%B9%D9%88%D9%86" title="فوٹون">فوٹون</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="نیوکلیس">نیوکلیس</a> </span></p> </div></div><table> <tbody><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table> </center> <p><br /> </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div><center> <table class="toccolours" style="float: center; margin-center: 1em; width: 20em; font-size: 90%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#FB607F" align="center" width="180px" colspan="2"><b><font size="+1" color="white">سائنس دے انگ<font></font></font></b><font size="+1" color="white"><font> </font></font></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both;"> <div class="NavHead" style="background-color:#CCCCFF;"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B2%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="فزکس">فزکس</a> <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap">کیمسٹری <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%B9%D9%86%DB%8C" title="باٹنی">باٹنی</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="زوالوجی">زوالوجی</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%BE%DA%91%DA%BE%D8%AA" title="جیون پڑھت">جیون پڑھت</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="مائکروبیالوجی">مائکروبیالوجی</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D9%B9%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="نینوٹیکنالوجی">نینوٹیکنالوجی</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="فزیالوجی">فزیالوجی</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%B9%DA%A9%D8%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="میتھمیٹکس">میتھمیٹکس</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><b></b></span></div></div></center></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" 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