EXARC Journal Issue 2025/1 | The EXARC Journal

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class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="/">Home</a><i class="icon-angle-right breadcrumb-item-seperator" aria-hidden="true"></i> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> EXARC Journal Issue 2025/1 </li> </ol> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </div>   <div id="highlighted"> <div class="container"> <div class="block-region region-highlighted"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div id="block-tarapro-headeronlinejournalpages" class="block"> <div class="block-content"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field-item"><img data-entity-uuid="b369831c-a57c-4700-aa47-00d9ab66deec" data-entity-type="file" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/Main-SHORT-header-journal-online.jpg" width="1920" height="350" alt="EXARC Journal" loading="lazy"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div id="main-wrapper" class="main-wrapper"> <div class="container"> <div class="main-container"> <main id="main" class="page-content"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div class="block-region region-content"> <div id="block-tarapro-page-title" class="block"> <div class="block-content"> <div class="page-title-wrap"> <h1 class="page-title"><span>EXARC Journal Issue 2025/1</span> </h1> </div>  </div> </div><div id="block-tarapro-content" class="block"> <div class="block-content"> <article data-history-node-id="19604" class="node node-type-page node-view-mode-full"> <div class="node-content"> <div class="animate-zoomIn field field--name-field-cooperations-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field-item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2025-03/doaj.png" width="180" height="180" alt="DOAJ" class="image-field" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field-item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/full_short_1160_x_280/public/main_464.jpg?itok=nP2S_Bn9" width="1150" height="260" alt="" class="image-field" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field-item"><div class="items"><div class="animate-fadeIn delay-1s animated fadeIn" style="opacity:0;"><img src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/logo-EXARC-JOURNAL_0.png" data-entity-uuid="b6ad9feb-4ab0-4145-a7e4-77e330d4ecce" data-entity-type="file" alt="EXARC Journal" width="3343" height="1277" loading="lazy"></div><div class="animate-zoomIn animated zoomIn" style="margin-top:15px;opacity:0;"><p>17 Articles | <a href="/journal/open-access">DOAJ</a> | Open Access<br>ISSN: 2212-8956<br>Publishing date: March 25, 2025<br>📄 <a href="/sites/default/files/EXARCJournal-01-2025-content.pdf" target="_blank">EXARC Journal 2025/1 Table of Contents</a><br>Copyrights: EXARC, 2025</p></div></div><hr><h4>Summary</h4><p>The 2025/1 EXARC Journal contains thirteen reviewed and four mixed matter articles. All the articles are open access to allow for free exchange of information and further development of our knowledge of the past. While most of the articles have traditionally come from Europe, the country which produced the most articles was the US. As always, the articles cover a wide range of topics. For example, from Nigeria we have received an article discussing the challenges in contemporary public archaeology in their country. Giuseppe Antonio Severini explored two hypotheses regarding the use of date palm wood for the manufacture of lutes and rabābs, drawing inspiration from iconographic sources. Lauren Muney delved into production of materials needed to create profile portraits in the US in the early 1800’s. Ashley Stillwell-Hasan researched sources of black dyes in Ireland and Scotland prior to 1500. Radomír Tichý presented the starting points of the archaeological experiment named Expedition Monoxylon IV. Other articles address the production of gold bracteates, simulating organic projectile point damage, manufacturing of Minoan clay tablets, possible use of Garden Orach, medieval textile construction and Neanderthals’ strategies to cope with wet and cold environment. In the mixed matters section Jonathan Dymond’s article considers how the lives of marginalised and/or minority groups such as those with disabilities are explored and expressed by those within the experimental archaeology and living history sectors. In another mixed matters article Rickard Åkesson converses with fellow Viking enthusiast Vicky Mikalsen.</p><hr><div class="spacer-small"> </div></div> </div> </article> </div> </div><div class="views-element-container block" id="block-tarapro-views-block-journal-individual-issues-block-3"> <h2 class="block-title">Reviewed Articles</h2> <div class="block-content"> <div><div class="view view-journal-individual-issues view-display-id-block_3 js-view-dom-id-54400b9b3f3ea8adda2e478947a4f2e08fa9d9e51c13037d390a37a2b8425cba"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-view-responsive-grid views-view-responsive-grid--horizontal" style="--views-responsive-grid--column-count:1;--views-responsive-grid--cell-min-width:250px;--views-responsive-grid--layout-gap:0px;"> <div class="views-view-responsive-grid__item"> <div class="views-view-responsive-grid__item-inner"><article data-history-node-id="19651" class="node node-type-journal-article node-promoted node-view-mode-teaser"> <h2 class="node-title"> <a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/dear-salt-old-world-folktale" rel="bookmark"><span> As Dear as Salt - Indications for an Ancient Plant Ash Tradition Preserved in Old World Folktale</span> </a> </h2> <div class="node-content"> <div class="field field--name-field-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field-item"> <a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/dear-salt-old-world-folktale" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/7b-main.jpg" width="1150" height="565" alt="A salt princess in disguise, original drawing by Mila Zwiebel (2025) (left), Ash Peter with his Cinderella bride (Jershov and Jershov 1973, p. 45) (right)" title="A salt princess in disguise, original drawing by Mila Zwiebel (2025) (left), Ash Peter with his Cinderella bride (Jershov and Jershov 1973, p. 45) (right)" class="image-field" /> </a> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-author-scopus field--type-text field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Author(s)</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Lutz Zwiebel <sup>1</sup> ✉</div> </div> </div> <div class="node-taxonomy-container field--name-field-issues field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <ul class="taxonomy-terms"> <li><a href="/issue-2025-1" hreflang="en">EXARC Journal Issue 2025/1</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-publication-date field--type-datetime field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Publication Date</div> <div class="field-item"><time datetime="2025-03-25T12:00:00Z">2025-03-25</time> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field-item">Do folktale heroines tell of a prehistoric plant ash use? The culinary use of plant ash is an ancient technology nearly extinct worldwide and completely absent from Eurasian cultural history. Despite the lack of this technology´s historical documentation, folktales provide a rich yet underestimated corpus on salt and ash. The denotation of the physical substances as well as the related narrative structures are investigated throughout several tale types...</div> <div class="node-links-container"><ul class="links inline"><li><a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/dear-salt-old-world-folktale" rel="tag" title=" As Dear as Salt - Indications for an Ancient Plant Ash Tradition Preserved in Old World Folktale" hreflang="en">Read more<span class="visually-hidden"> about As Dear as Salt - Indications for an Ancient Plant Ash Tradition Preserved in Old World Folktale</span></a></li></ul> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> <div class="views-view-responsive-grid__item"> <div class="views-view-responsive-grid__item-inner"><article data-history-node-id="19649" class="node node-type-journal-article node-promoted node-view-mode-teaser"> <h2 class="node-title"> <a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/black-ash-forgotten-domestication" rel="bookmark"><span>Black Ash - a Forgotten Domestication Trait in Garden Orach (Atriplex hortensis L.)</span> </a> </h2> <div class="node-content"> <div class="field field--name-field-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field-item"> <a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/black-ash-forgotten-domestication" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/main-a_0.jpg" width="1150" height="565" alt="Black Ash - a Forgotten Domestication Trait in Garden Orach (Atriplex hortensis L.)" title="Black Ash - a Forgotten Domestication Trait in Garden Orach (Atriplex hortensis L.)" class="image-field" /> </a> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-author-scopus field--type-text field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Author(s)</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Lutz Zwiebel <sup>1</sup> ✉</div> </div> </div> <div class="node-taxonomy-container field--name-field-issues field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <ul class="taxonomy-terms"> <li><a href="/issue-2025-1" hreflang="en">EXARC Journal Issue 2025/1</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-publication-date field--type-datetime field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Publication Date</div> <div class="field-item"><time datetime="2025-03-25T12:00:00Z">2025-03-25</time> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field-item"><p> Garden Orach (<em>Atriplex hortensis L.</em>) is a vegetable plant of minor importance but with a wide distribution throughout the Old World and beyond. Previous research revealed its diverse medicinal and magical importance in prehistory. Here, Orach’s special ability to retain sodium even in non-saline ground is introduced. The outstandingly high concentrations of sodium in dry plant matter and plant ash suggest its use as a salt substitute, manifested in an early domestication trait. Special attention is paid to the variability of this trait in cultivars from different geographic regions and within the genus <em>Atriplex</em>. ..</p></div> <div class="node-links-container"><ul class="links inline"><li><a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/black-ash-forgotten-domestication" rel="tag" title="Black Ash - a Forgotten Domestication Trait in Garden Orach (Atriplex hortensis L.)" hreflang="en">Read more<span class="visually-hidden"> about Black Ash - a Forgotten Domestication Trait in Garden Orach (Atriplex hortensis L.)</span></a></li></ul> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> <div class="views-view-responsive-grid__item"> <div class="views-view-responsive-grid__item-inner"><article data-history-node-id="19648" class="node node-type-journal-article node-promoted node-view-mode-teaser"> <h2 class="node-title"> <a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/itinerant-artist" rel="bookmark"><span>The Itinerant Artist: Portraiting Early America Using Scissors, Soot and Beer</span> </a> </h2> <div class="node-content"> <div class="field field--name-field-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field-item"> <a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/itinerant-artist" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/main2_228.jpg" width="1150" height="565" alt="The Itinerant Artist: Portraiting Early America Using Scissors, Soot and Beer" title="The Itinerant Artist: Portraiting Early America Using Scissors, Soot and Beer" class="image-field" /> </a> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-author-scopus field--type-text field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Author(s)</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Lauren Muney <sup>1</sup> ✉</div> </div> </div> <div class="node-taxonomy-container field--name-field-issues field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <ul class="taxonomy-terms"> <li><a href="/issue-2025-1" hreflang="en">EXARC Journal Issue 2025/1</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-publication-date field--type-datetime field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Publication Date</div> <div class="field-item"><time datetime="2025-03-25T12:00:00Z">2025-03-25</time> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field-item">Hundreds of thousands of profile portraits known as silhouettes were created in the new United States in the first decade of 1800 alone. Since the 1990s, museum conservators have wondered how to best care for the materials of these objects in their collection, and a key to understanding conservation is to understand the original fabrication. Volumes of histories have been written of the art and artists, but few analyses and no published experimental studies about the materials themselves have been produced...</div> <div class="node-links-container"><ul class="links inline"><li><a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/itinerant-artist" rel="tag" title="The Itinerant Artist: Portraiting Early America Using Scissors, Soot and Beer" hreflang="en">Read more<span class="visually-hidden"> about The Itinerant Artist: Portraiting Early America Using Scissors, Soot and Beer</span></a></li></ul> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> <div class="views-view-responsive-grid__item"> <div class="views-view-responsive-grid__item-inner"><article data-history-node-id="19647" class="node node-type-journal-article node-promoted node-view-mode-teaser"> <h2 class="node-title"> <a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/searching-dubh-experiments-black-dyes" rel="bookmark"><span>Searching for Dubh: Experiments in Black Dyes Pre 15th Century in Ireland and Scotland</span> </a> </h2> <div class="node-content"> <div class="field field--name-field-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field-item"> <a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/searching-dubh-experiments-black-dyes" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/main_462.jpg" width="1150" height="565" alt="Searching for Dubh: Experiments in Black Dyes Pre 15th Century in Ireland and Scotland" title="Searching for Dubh: Experiments in Black Dyes Pre 15th Century in Ireland and Scotland" class="image-field" /> </a> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-author-scopus field--type-text field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Author(s)</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Ashley Stillwell-Hasan <sup>1</sup> ✉</div> </div> </div> <div class="node-taxonomy-container field--name-field-issues field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <ul class="taxonomy-terms"> <li><a href="/issue-2025-1" hreflang="en">EXARC Journal Issue 2025/1</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-publication-date field--type-datetime field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Publication Date</div> <div class="field-item"><time datetime="2025-03-25T12:00:00Z">2025-03-25</time> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field-item">This paper explores sources of black dyes in Ireland and Scotland prior to 1500, in order to better understand the extent to which they were used and the hues that can be produced. I propose that it is possible to obtain true blacks using only natural dyeing techniques. To test this hypothesis, four variations of historically plausible dye methods, and a control, were tested based on the availability of the dyestuffs. Brown Shetland wool was dyed according to possible historical methods, and each variant was subjected to a series of tests to examine lightfastness and wash fastness. Initially, testing showed a low indigotin content, an organic compound which creates a blue pigment, in the sourced woad, resulting in a poor dye bath and skewed results. </div> <div class="node-links-container"><ul class="links inline"><li><a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/searching-dubh-experiments-black-dyes" rel="tag" title="Searching for Dubh: Experiments in Black Dyes Pre 15th Century in Ireland and Scotland" hreflang="en">Read more<span class="visually-hidden"> about Searching for Dubh: Experiments in Black Dyes Pre 15th Century in Ireland and Scotland</span></a></li></ul> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> <div class="views-view-responsive-grid__item"> <div class="views-view-responsive-grid__item-inner"><article data-history-node-id="19646" class="node node-type-journal-article node-promoted node-view-mode-teaser"> <h2 class="node-title"> <a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/expanding-horizons-contemporary-dynamics-and-challenges-public-archaeology-nigeria" rel="bookmark"><span>Expanding Horizons: Contemporary Dynamics and Challenges in Public Archaeology in Nigeria</span> </a> </h2> <div class="node-content"> <div class="field field--name-field-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field-item"> <a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/expanding-horizons-contemporary-dynamics-and-challenges-public-archaeology-nigeria" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/main_461.jpg" width="1150" height="565" alt="xpanding Horizons: Contemporary Dynamics and Challenges in Public Archaeology in Nigeria" title="xpanding Horizons: Contemporary Dynamics and Challenges in Public Archaeology in Nigeria" class="image-field" /> </a> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-author-scopus field--type-text field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Author(s)</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Terngu Sylvanus Nomishan <sup>1, 2</sup> ✉,</div> <div class="field-item">Dimas Solomon Gubam <sup>1</sup>,</div> <div class="field-item">J. Kelechi Ugwuanyi <sup>2</sup></div> </div> </div> <div class="node-taxonomy-container field--name-field-issues field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <ul class="taxonomy-terms"> <li><a href="/issue-2025-1" hreflang="en">EXARC Journal Issue 2025/1</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-publication-date field--type-datetime field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Publication Date</div> <div class="field-item"><time datetime="2025-03-25T12:00:00Z">2025-03-25</time> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field-item">The purpose of this essay is to assess the situation of public archaeology in Nigeria. Public archaeology is the practice of sharing archaeological knowledge with the public. It is a branch of archaeology that focuses on engaging the public and making archaeological practices and findings accessible to non-professionals. Its approach involves community outreach, education, and collaborative projects, aimed at fostering awareness creation for the preservation of cultural heritage...</div> <div class="node-links-container"><ul class="links inline"><li><a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/expanding-horizons-contemporary-dynamics-and-challenges-public-archaeology-nigeria" rel="tag" title="Expanding Horizons: Contemporary Dynamics and Challenges in Public Archaeology in Nigeria" hreflang="en">Read more<span class="visually-hidden"> about Expanding Horizons: Contemporary Dynamics and Challenges in Public Archaeology in Nigeria</span></a></li></ul> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> <div class="views-view-responsive-grid__item"> <div class="views-view-responsive-grid__item-inner"><article data-history-node-id="19643" class="node node-type-journal-article node-promoted node-view-mode-teaser"> <h2 class="node-title"> <a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/shaping-minoan-clay-tablets" rel="bookmark"><span>Shaping Minoan Clay Tablets and Hanging Nodules: Contributions from Experimental Research and X-radiography</span> </a> </h2> <div class="node-content"> <div class="field field--name-field-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field-item"> <a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/shaping-minoan-clay-tablets" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/main_460.jpg" width="1150" height="565" alt="Shaping Minoan Clay Tablets and Hanging Nodules: Contributions from Experimental Research and X-radiography" title="Shaping Minoan Clay Tablets and Hanging Nodules: Contributions from Experimental Research and X-radiography" class="image-field" /> </a> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-author-scopus field--type-text field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Author(s)</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Ina Berg <sup>1</sup> ✉</div> </div> </div> <div class="node-taxonomy-container field--name-field-issues field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <ul class="taxonomy-terms"> <li><a href="/issue-2025-1" hreflang="en">EXARC Journal Issue 2025/1</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-publication-date field--type-datetime field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Publication Date</div> <div class="field-item"><time datetime="2025-03-25T12:00:00Z">2025-03-25</time> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field-item">This paper investigates the potential for experimental archaeology and X-radiography to improve our understanding of the manufacture and use of two categories of prehistoric Cretan administrative clay objects: clay tablets and hanging nodules. The results are encouraging: the simple and three-fold tablet shaping techniques can be distinguished confidently, incised writing that was erased can, potentially, be made visible again and...</div> <div class="node-links-container"><ul class="links inline"><li><a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/shaping-minoan-clay-tablets" rel="tag" title="Shaping Minoan Clay Tablets and Hanging Nodules: Contributions from Experimental Research and X-radiography" hreflang="en">Read more<span class="visually-hidden"> about Shaping Minoan Clay Tablets and Hanging Nodules: Contributions from Experimental Research and X-radiography</span></a></li></ul> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> <div class="views-view-responsive-grid__item"> <div class="views-view-responsive-grid__item-inner"><article data-history-node-id="19642" class="node node-type-journal-article node-promoted node-view-mode-teaser"> <h2 class="node-title"> <a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/simulating-organic-projectile-point-damage-bison-pelves" rel="bookmark"><span>Simulating Organic Projectile Point Damage to Bison Pelves</span> </a> </h2> <div class="node-content"> <div class="field field--name-field-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field-item"> <a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/simulating-organic-projectile-point-damage-bison-pelves" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/main_459.jpg" width="1150" height="565" alt="Simulating Organic Projectile Point Damage to Bison Pelves" title="Simulating Organic Projectile Point Damage to Bison Pelves" class="image-field" /> </a> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-author-scopus field--type-text field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Author(s)</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Charles A. Speer <sup>1</sup> ✉</div> </div> </div> <div class="node-taxonomy-container field--name-field-issues field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <ul class="taxonomy-terms"> <li><a href="/issue-2025-1" hreflang="en">EXARC Journal Issue 2025/1</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-publication-date field--type-datetime field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Publication Date</div> <div class="field-item"><time datetime="2025-03-25T12:00:00Z">2025-03-25</time> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field-item"><p> A large <em>Bison sp.</em> pelvis was discovered eroding out of shoreline sediment at American Falls Reservoir in Bingham County, Idaho in 1953. The ischium section had a unique groove and perforation with a depth of 35 mm and 10 mm in diameter. The pelvis was X-rayed in 1961 for indicators of the origin of the damage, but it could not be ascertained, and human agency could not be ruled out. For the research presented here, the pelvis was CT scanned to look for any foreign material in the perforation and to determine the three-dimensional structure...</p></div> <div class="node-links-container"><ul class="links inline"><li><a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/simulating-organic-projectile-point-damage-bison-pelves" rel="tag" title="Simulating Organic Projectile Point Damage to Bison Pelves" hreflang="en">Read more<span class="visually-hidden"> about Simulating Organic Projectile Point Damage to Bison Pelves</span></a></li></ul> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> <div class="views-view-responsive-grid__item"> <div class="views-view-responsive-grid__item-inner"><article data-history-node-id="19641" class="node node-type-journal-article node-promoted node-view-mode-teaser"> <h2 class="node-title"> <a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/monoxylon-expeditions-archaeological-experiment" rel="bookmark"><span>The Monoxylon Expeditions: The starting Points of a Nautical Archaeological Experiment</span> </a> </h2> <div class="node-content"> <div class="field field--name-field-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field-item"> <a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/monoxylon-expeditions-archaeological-experiment" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/main_458.jpg" width="1150" height="565" alt="The Monoxylon Expeditions: The starting Points of a Nautical Archaeological Experiment" title="The Monoxylon Expeditions: The starting Points of a Nautical Archaeological Experiment" class="image-field" /> </a> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-author-scopus field--type-text field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Author(s)</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Radomír Tichý <sup>1</sup> ✉</div> </div> </div> <div class="node-taxonomy-container field--name-field-issues field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <ul class="taxonomy-terms"> <li><a href="/issue-2025-1" hreflang="en">EXARC Journal Issue 2025/1</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-publication-date field--type-datetime field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Publication Date</div> <div class="field-item"><time datetime="2025-03-25T12:00:00Z">2025-03-25</time> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field-item">The aim of this article is to present the starting points of the archaeological experiment named Expedition Monoxylon IV. The expedition, which took place in 2023, was an experiment with a replica of a dug out boat in the Aegean Sea. It followed up a series of earlier experiments (Tichý, 2016; 2020), one of which took place in the Western Mediterranean. Knowledge of the nautical characteristics of the three vessels and also their crews was gradually gained...</div> <div class="node-links-container"><ul class="links inline"><li><a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/monoxylon-expeditions-archaeological-experiment" rel="tag" title="The Monoxylon Expeditions: The starting Points of a Nautical Archaeological Experiment" hreflang="en">Read more<span class="visually-hidden"> about The Monoxylon Expeditions: The starting Points of a Nautical Archaeological Experiment</span></a></li></ul> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> <div class="views-view-responsive-grid__item"> <div class="views-view-responsive-grid__item-inner"><article data-history-node-id="19639" class="node node-type-journal-article node-promoted node-view-mode-teaser"> <h2 class="node-title"> <a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/wooden-matrices-bracteate" rel="bookmark"><span>Wooden Matrices in Bracteate Production: An Experimental Approach</span> </a> </h2> <div class="node-content"> <div class="field field--name-field-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field-item"> <a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/wooden-matrices-bracteate" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/main-cover.jpg" width="1150" height="565" alt="Wooden Matrices in Bracteate Production: An Experimental Approach" title="Wooden Matrices in Bracteate Production: An Experimental Approach" class="image-field" /> </a> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-author-scopus field--type-text field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Author(s)</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Magnus R. Aunevik-Berntsen <sup>1</sup> ✉</div> </div> </div> <div class="node-taxonomy-container field--name-field-issues field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <ul class="taxonomy-terms"> <li><a href="/issue-2025-1" hreflang="en">EXARC Journal Issue 2025/1</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-publication-date field--type-datetime field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Publication Date</div> <div class="field-item"><time datetime="2025-03-25T12:00:00Z">2025-03-25</time> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field-item">The literature on the production of Migration Period (c.400-550 AD) gold bracteates has suggested wood as a possible material to be used for the matrix on which bracteates are made, but only in the production of a single or very few bracteates. This study experiments with how such a matrix could have been made and what part of the wood could have been used. Additionally, it examines the quality changes in serial production...</div> <div class="node-links-container"><ul class="links inline"><li><a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/wooden-matrices-bracteate" rel="tag" title="Wooden Matrices in Bracteate Production: An Experimental Approach" hreflang="en">Read more<span class="visually-hidden"> about Wooden Matrices in Bracteate Production: An Experimental Approach</span></a></li></ul> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> <div class="views-view-responsive-grid__item"> <div class="views-view-responsive-grid__item-inner"><article data-history-node-id="19640" class="node node-type-journal-article node-promoted node-view-mode-teaser"> <h2 class="node-title"> <a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/workflow-tool-archaeological-experiments-and-analytics" rel="bookmark"><span>A Workflow Tool for Archaeological Experiments and Analytics</span> </a> </h2> <div class="node-content"> <div class="field field--name-field-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field-item"> <a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/workflow-tool-archaeological-experiments-and-analytics" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/main_457.jpg" width="1150" height="565" alt="A Workflow Tool for Archaeological Experiments and Analytics" title="A Workflow Tool for Archaeological Experiments and Analytics" class="image-field" /> </a> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-author-scopus field--type-text field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Author(s)</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Ivan Calandra <sup>1, 2</sup> ✉,</div> <div class="field-item">Guido Heinz <sup>3</sup>,</div> <div class="field-item">Allard Mees <sup>3</sup>, </div> <div class="field-item">Florian Thiery <sup>3</sup>, </div> <div class="field-item">Joao Marreiros <sup>1, 4, 5</sup></div> </div> </div> <div class="node-taxonomy-container field--name-field-issues field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <ul class="taxonomy-terms"> <li><a href="/issue-2025-1" hreflang="en">EXARC Journal Issue 2025/1</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-publication-date field--type-datetime field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Publication Date</div> <div class="field-item"><time datetime="2025-03-25T12:00:00Z">2025-03-25</time> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field-item">This paper outlines the background to, and design of, a workflow tool intended to help plan and record archaeological experiments. The tool consists of a user-friendly interface for annotations and drawing flowcharts, and is being developed to work on smartphones, tablets and desktop computers. It is being written as part of a larger project aimed at creating a digital infrastructure that should make it easier for everyone involved in archaeology to share digital resources...</div> <div class="node-links-container"><ul class="links inline"><li><a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/workflow-tool-archaeological-experiments-and-analytics" rel="tag" title="A Workflow Tool for Archaeological Experiments and Analytics" hreflang="en">Read more<span class="visually-hidden"> about A Workflow Tool for Archaeological Experiments and Analytics</span></a></li></ul> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> <div class="views-view-responsive-grid__item"> <div class="views-view-responsive-grid__item-inner"><article data-history-node-id="19638" class="node node-type-journal-article node-promoted node-view-mode-teaser"> <h2 class="node-title"> <a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/resurrecting-bog-dress" rel="bookmark"><span>Resurrecting a Bog Dress: A Comparative approach to Medieval Textile Construction</span> </a> </h2> <div class="node-content"> <div class="field field--name-field-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field-item"> <a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/resurrecting-bog-dress" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/main_456.jpg" width="1150" height="565" alt="Resurrecting a Bog Dress: A Comparative approach to Medieval Textile Construction" title="Resurrecting a Bog Dress: A Comparative approach to Medieval Textile Construction" class="image-field" /> </a> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-author-scopus field--type-text field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Author(s)</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Jake Morton <sup>1</sup> ✉,</div> <div class="field-item">Ruby Becker <sup>1</sup>,</div> <div class="field-item">Helen Banta <sup>1</sup></div> </div> </div> <div class="node-taxonomy-container field--name-field-issues field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <ul class="taxonomy-terms"> <li><a href="/issue-2025-1" hreflang="en">EXARC Journal Issue 2025/1</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-publication-date field--type-datetime field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Publication Date</div> <div class="field-item"><time datetime="2025-03-25T12:00:00Z">2025-03-25</time> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field-item">In this article we recreated garment 38 from the fourteenth century garments preserved in a graveyard in Herjolfsnes, Greenland to explore the reasons behind the stitching techniques used. Using experimental methodologies, previous knowledge of patterning, and hand stitching techniques, we constructed one half of the garment using modern hand stitching techniques and the other using period techniques...</div> <div class="node-links-container"><ul class="links inline"><li><a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/resurrecting-bog-dress" rel="tag" title="Resurrecting a Bog Dress: A Comparative approach to Medieval Textile Construction" hreflang="en">Read more<span class="visually-hidden"> about Resurrecting a Bog Dress: A Comparative approach to Medieval Textile Construction</span></a></li></ul> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> <div class="views-view-responsive-grid__item"> <div class="views-view-responsive-grid__item-inner"><article data-history-node-id="19637" class="node node-type-journal-article node-promoted node-view-mode-teaser"> <h2 class="node-title"> <a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/neanderthals-rain-assessing" rel="bookmark"><span>Neanderthals in the Rain: Assessing Neanderthals' Strategies to Survive Wet and Cold Environments through an Experimental Analysis</span> </a> </h2> <div class="node-content"> <div class="field field--name-field-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field-item"> <a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/neanderthals-rain-assessing" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/main_455.jpg" width="1140" height="560" alt="Neanderthals in the Rain: Assessing Neanderthals' Strategies to Survive Wet and Cold Environments through an Experimental Analysis" title="Neanderthals in the Rain: Assessing Neanderthals' Strategies to Survive Wet and Cold Environments through an Experimental Analysis" class="image-field" /> </a> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-author-scopus field--type-text field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Author(s)</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Eleonora Scandola <sup>1</sup> ✉,</div> <div class="field-item">Penny Spikins <sup>1</sup></div> </div> </div> <div class="node-taxonomy-container field--name-field-issues field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <ul class="taxonomy-terms"> <li><a href="/issue-2025-1" hreflang="en">EXARC Journal Issue 2025/1</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-publication-date field--type-datetime field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Publication Date</div> <div class="field-item"><time datetime="2025-03-25T12:00:00Z">2025-03-25</time> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field-item">Neanderthals' adaptations to cold climates have been extensively debated, however, limited attention has been given to their survival in cold and wet environments. These conditions increase the dangers of cold-induced injuries such as frostbite or hypothermia, as wet clothing loses its insulative capacities. This research explores whether and how Neanderthals faced such changes and their implications on activities and behaviours...</div> <div class="node-links-container"><ul class="links inline"><li><a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/neanderthals-rain-assessing" rel="tag" title="Neanderthals in the Rain: Assessing Neanderthals' Strategies to Survive Wet and Cold Environments through an Experimental Analysis" hreflang="en">Read more<span class="visually-hidden"> about Neanderthals in the Rain: Assessing Neanderthals' Strategies to Survive Wet and Cold Environments through an Experimental Analysis</span></a></li></ul> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> <div class="views-view-responsive-grid__item"> <div class="views-view-responsive-grid__item-inner"><article data-history-node-id="19636" class="node node-type-journal-article node-promoted node-view-mode-teaser"> <h2 class="node-title"> <a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/reconstruction-string-instruments-ceiling-paintings" rel="bookmark"><span>Reconstruction of some String Instruments from the Ceiling Paintings of the Palatine Chapel of Palermo and the Cathedral of Cefalù, 12th Century</span> </a> </h2> <div class="node-content"> <div class="field field--name-field-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field-item"> <a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/reconstruction-string-instruments-ceiling-paintings" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/main_454.jpg" width="1140" height="560" alt="Reconstruction of some String Instruments from the Ceiling Paintings of the Palatine Chapel of Palermo and the Cathedral of Cefalù, 12th Century" title="Reconstruction of some String Instruments from the Ceiling Paintings of the Palatine Chapel of Palermo and the Cathedral of Cefalù, 12th Century" class="image-field" /> </a> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-author-scopus field--type-text field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Author(s)</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Giuseppe Antonio Severini <sup>1</sup> ✉</div> </div> </div> <div class="node-taxonomy-container field--name-field-issues field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <ul class="taxonomy-terms"> <li><a href="/issue-2025-1" hreflang="en">EXARC Journal Issue 2025/1</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-publication-date field--type-datetime field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Publication Date</div> <div class="field-item"><time datetime="2025-03-25T12:00:00Z">2025-03-25</time> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field-item"><p> This study explores two hypotheses regarding the use of date palm (<em>Phoenix dactylifera</em>/<em>Phoenix canariensis</em>) wood for the manufacture of plucked string instruments (in this case the lute) and ceramics for bowed instruments (rabāb), drawing inspiration from exceptionally significant iconographic sources... </p></div> <div class="node-links-container"><ul class="links inline"><li><a href="/issue-2025-1/rev/reconstruction-string-instruments-ceiling-paintings" rel="tag" title="Reconstruction of some String Instruments from the Ceiling Paintings of the Palatine Chapel of Palermo and the Cathedral of Cefalù, 12th Century" hreflang="en">Read more<span class="visually-hidden"> about Reconstruction of some String Instruments from the Ceiling Paintings of the Palatine Chapel of Palermo and the Cathedral of Cefalù, 12th Century</span></a></li></ul> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <section id="content-bottom" class="section"> <div class="block-region region-content-bottom"> <div class="views-element-container block" id="block-tarapro-views-block-journal-individual-issues-block-1"> <h2 class="block-title">Unreviewed Mixed Matters Articles</h2> <div class="block-content"> <div><div class="view view-journal-individual-issues view-display-id-block_1 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class="views-view-responsive-grid__item-inner"><div class="views-field views-field-field-image"><div class="field-content"> <a href="/issue-2025-1/mm/disability-living-history-and-experiential-archaeology" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/jonathan-dymon.-Disability-and-experemental-archaeology-photo-main..jpg" width="1140" height="560" alt="Disability, Living history and Experiential Archaeology " class="image-field" /> </a> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-path"><span class="field-content"><a href="/issue-2025-1/mm/disability-living-history-and-experiential-archaeology">Disability, Living history and Experiential Archaeology </a></span></div></div> </div> <div class="views-view-responsive-grid__item"> <div class="views-view-responsive-grid__item-inner"><div class="views-field views-field-field-image"><div class="field-content"> <a href="/issue-2025-1/mm/event-review-experimental-archaeology-denmark-2024" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" 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