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id="toc-From_Address_Party_to_Liberal_Party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_Address_Party_to_Liberal_Party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>From Address Party to Liberal Party</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_Address_Party_to_Liberal_Party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-From_Extreme_Left_to_Kossuth_Party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_Extreme_Left_to_Kossuth_Party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>From Extreme Left to Kossuth Party</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_Extreme_Left_to_Kossuth_Party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independence_Party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independence_Party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Independence Party</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independence_Party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-From_Independent_Liberal_Party_to_National_Party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_Independent_Liberal_Party_to_National_Party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>From Independent Liberal Party to National Party</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_Independent_Liberal_Party_to_National_Party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-From_Communal_Democratic_Party_to_Civic_Democratic_Party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_Communal_Democratic_Party_to_Civic_Democratic_Party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>From Communal Democratic Party to Civic Democratic Party</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_Communal_Democratic_Party_to_Civic_Democratic_Party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Left_Party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Left_Party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Left Party</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Left_Party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Countrywide_Republican_Party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Countrywide_Republican_Party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Countrywide Republican Party</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Countrywide_Republican_Party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independence_and_1848_Károlyi_Party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independence_and_1848_Károlyi_Party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Independence and 1848 Károlyi Party</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independence_and_1848_Károlyi_Party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Countrywide_Civic_Radical_Party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Countrywide_Civic_Radical_Party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Countrywide Civic Radical Party</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Countrywide_Civic_Radical_Party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liberal_Citizens'_Party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liberal_Citizens'_Party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12</span> <span>Liberal Citizens' Party</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liberal_Citizens'_Party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-From_Independence_Party_of_Smallholders,_Agrarian_Workers_and_Citizens_to_Civic_Freedom_Party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_Independence_Party_of_Smallholders,_Agrarian_Workers_and_Citizens_to_Civic_Freedom_Party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.13</span> <span>From Independence Party of Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Citizens to Civic Freedom Party</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_Independence_Party_of_Smallholders,_Agrarian_Workers_and_Citizens_to_Civic_Freedom_Party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alliance_of_Free_Democrats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alliance_of_Free_Democrats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.14</span> <span>Alliance of Free Democrats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alliance_of_Free_Democrats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Momentum_Movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Momentum_Movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.15</span> <span>Momentum Movement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Momentum_Movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liberal_leaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liberal_leaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Liberal leaders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liberal_leaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:22.0em; border:4px double #C5C12B; background:var( --background-color-base, #FFFFFF ); color: var( --color-base, inherit );"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Liberalism" title="Category:Liberalism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-top:0.6em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Political_colour#Yellow" title="Political colour"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/75px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/113px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/150px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #C5C12B; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_liberalism" title="History of liberalism">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_liberal_theorists" title="List of liberal theorists">List of liberal theorists</a> (contributions to liberal theory)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #C5C12B; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consent_of_the_governed" title="Consent of the governed">Consent of the governed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Due_process" title="Due process">Due process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_globalization" title="Economic globalization">Economic globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_equality" title="Social equality">Equality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equality_before_the_law" title="Equality before the law">Legal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">Federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom" title="Freedom">Freedom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_freedom" title="Economic freedom">Economic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">Trade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">Speech</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harm_principle" title="Harm principle">Harm principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invisible_hand" title="Invisible hand">Invisible hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_theory_of_property" title="Labor theory of property">Labor theory of property</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire" title="Laissez-faire">Laissez-faire</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty" title="Liberty">Liberty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Negative_liberty" title="Negative liberty">Negative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_liberty" title="Positive liberty">Positive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited_government" title="Limited government">Limited government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_economy" title="Market economy">Market economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_monopoly" title="Natural monopoly">Natural monopoly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_society" title="Open society">Open society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permissive_society" title="Permissive society">Permissive society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_sovereignty" title="Popular sovereignty">Popular sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property" title="Property">Property</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">Private</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_property" title="Public property">Public</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rights" title="Rights">Rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_and_political_rights" title="Civil and political rights">Civil and political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_rights_and_legal_rights" title="Natural rights and legal rights">Natural and legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_property" title="Right to property">To own property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_keep_and_bear_arms" title="Right to keep and bear arms">To bear arms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">Rule of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_humanism" title="Secular humanism">Secular humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">Separation of powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_contract" title="Social contract">Social contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_services" title="Social services">Social services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">Welfare state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whig_history" title="Whig history">Whig history</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #C5C12B; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_liberal_theorists" title="List of liberal theorists">Philosophers</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">Milton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Spinoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Robert_Jacques_Turgot" title="Anne Robert Jacques Turgot">Turgot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Priestley" title="Joseph Priestley">Priestley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesare_Beccaria" title="Cesare Beccaria">Beccaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">Condorcet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Bentham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adamantios_Korais" title="Adamantios Korais">Korais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympe_De_Gouges" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympe De Gouges">De Gouges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft" title="Mary Wollstonecraft">Wollstonecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Germaine de Staël">Staël</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Say" title="Jean-Baptiste Say">Say</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Humboldt" title="Wilhelm von Humboldt">Humboldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Constant" title="Benjamin Constant">Constant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ricardo" title="David Ricardo">Ricardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Guizot" title="François Guizot">Guizot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_List" title="Friedrich List">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bastiat" title="Frédéric Bastiat">Bastiat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Martineau" title="Harriet Martineau">Martineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Tocqueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer" title="Herbert Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Arnold" title="Matthew Arnold">Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dalberg-Acton,_1st_Baron_Acton" title="John Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton">Acton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Hobhouse" title="Leonard Hobhouse">Hobhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Croce" title="Benedetto Croce">Croce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Cassirer" title="Ernst Cassirer">Cassirer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">Mises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ortega_y_Gasset" title="José Ortega y Gasset">Ortega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes" title="John Maynard Keynes">Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._G._Collingwood" title="R. G. Collingwood">Collingwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karel_%C4%8Capek" title="Karel Čapek">Čapek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Shih" title="Hu Shih">Hu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Hayek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Popper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Aron" title="Raymond Aron">Aron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Berlin" title="Isaiah Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rawls" title="John Rawls">Rawls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nozick" title="Robert Nozick">Nozick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Kymlicka" title="Will Kymlicka">Kymlicka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raif_Badawi" title="Raif Badawi">Badawi</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #C5C12B; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ko%C5%82%C5%82%C4%85taj" title="Hugo Kołłątaj">Kołłątaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Gervasio_Artigas" title="José Gervasio Artigas">Artigas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar" title="Simón Bolívar">Bolívar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_de_Broglie_(1785%E2%80%931870)" title="Victor de Broglie (1785–1870)">Broglie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine">Lamartine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Babington_Macaulay" title="Thomas Babington Macaulay">Macaulay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lajos_Kossuth" title="Lajos Kossuth">Kossuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferenc_De%C3%A1k_(politician)" title="Ferenc Deák (politician)">Deák</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Cobden" title="Richard Cobden">Cobden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Mazzini" title="Giuseppe Mazzini">Mazzini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez" title="Benito Juárez">Juárez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camillo_Benso,_Count_of_Cavour" title="Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour">Cavour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domingo_Faustino_Sarmiento" title="Domingo Faustino Sarmiento">Sarmiento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Mommsen" title="Theodor Mommsen">Mommsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadabhai_Naoroji" title="Dadabhai Naoroji">Naoroji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itagaki_Taisuke" title="Itagaki Taisuke">Itagaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasil_Levski" title="Vasil Levski">Levski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nam%C4%B1k_Kemal" title="Namık Kemal">Kemal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Deakin" title="Alfred Deakin">Deakin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Milyukov" title="Pavel Milyukov">Milyukov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">Lloyd George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos" title="Eleftherios Venizelos">Venizelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg" title="Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg">Ståhlberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Krishna_Gokhale" title="Gopal Krishna Gokhale">Gokhale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walther_Rathenau" title="Walther Rathenau">Rathenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_I._Madero" title="Francisco I. Madero">Madero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Einaudi" title="Luigi Einaudi">Einaudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson" title="Lester B. Pearson">Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertil_Ohlin" title="Bertil Ohlin">Ohlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leszek_Balcerowicz" title="Leszek Balcerowicz">Balcerowicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Verhofstadt" title="Guy Verhofstadt">Verhofstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Macron</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #C5C12B; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Liberal_Network" title="Africa Liberal Network">Africa Liberal Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberal_Federation" title="Arab Liberal Federation">Arab Liberal Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Asian_Liberals_and_Democrats" title="Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats">Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Democratic_Party" title="European Democratic Party">European Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Youth" title="European Liberal Youth">European Liberal Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Libertarian_Parties" title="International Alliance of Libertarian Parties">International Alliance of Libertarian Parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Liberal_Youth" title="International Federation of Liberal Youth">International Federation of Liberal Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_International" title="Liberal International">Liberal International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Network_for_Latin_America" title="Liberal Network for Latin America">Liberal Network for Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Liberal_parties" title="Category:Liberal parties">Liberal parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_South_East_European_Network" title="Liberal South East European Network">Liberal South East European Network</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #C5C12B; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_parties_by_country" title="Liberal parties by country">Regional variants</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Europe" title="Liberalism in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_conservatism_in_Latin_America" title="Liberalism and conservatism in Latin America">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Albania" title="Liberalism in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Armenia" title="Liberalism in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Australia" title="Liberalism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Austria" title="Liberalism in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Belgium" title="Liberalism in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Bolivia" title="Liberalism in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Brazil" title="Liberalism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Bulgaria" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Canada" title="Liberalism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Chile" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_China" title="Liberalism in China">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Liberalism in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Colombia" title="Liberalism in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Costa_Rica" title="Liberalism in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Croatia" title="Liberalism in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Cuba" title="Liberalism in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Cyprus" title="Liberalism in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Czechia" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberalism in Czechia">Czechia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Denmark" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Ecuador" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Egypt" title="Liberalism in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_centrism_in_Estonia" title="Liberalism and centrism in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_centrism_in_Finland" title="Liberalism and centrism in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_France" title="Liberalism and radicalism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Georgia" title="Liberalism in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Germany" title="Liberalism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Greece" title="Liberalism in Greece">Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venizelism" title="Venizelism">Venizelism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Honduras" title="Liberalism in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_India" title="Liberalism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Iran" title="Liberalism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Israel" title="Liberalism in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Italy" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Italy">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberism" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberism">Liberism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Japan" title="Liberalism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Latvia" title="Liberalism in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Lithuania" title="Liberalism in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Luxembourg" title="Liberalism in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Mexico" title="Liberalism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Moldova" title="Liberalism in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Montenegro" title="Liberalism in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Liberalism in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_liberalism_in_New_Zealand" title="Historic liberalism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Nicaragua" title="Liberalism in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Nigeria" title="Liberalism in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_North_Macedonia" title="Liberalism in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Norway" title="Liberalism in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Panama" title="Liberalism in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Paraguay" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Peru" title="Liberalism in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_Philippines" title="Liberalism in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Poland" title="Liberalism in Poland">Poland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_School_of_Economics" title="Kraków School of Economics">Cracovian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Portugal" title="Liberalism in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Romania" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Russia" title="Liberalism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Senegal" title="Liberalism in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Serbia" title="Liberalism in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Slovakia" title="Liberalism in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Slovenia" title="Liberalism in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_South_Africa" title="Liberalism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_South_Korea" title="Liberalism in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Spain" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_centrism_in_Sweden" title="Liberalism and centrism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_Taiwan" title="Progressivism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberalism in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Tunisia" title="Liberalism in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Turkey" title="Liberalism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Ukraine" title="Liberalism in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Liberalism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cobdenism" title="Cobdenism">Cobdenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladstonian_liberalism" title="Gladstonian liberalism">Gladstonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Liberalism" title="Manchester Liberalism">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiggism" title="Whiggism">Whiggism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Liberalism in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_liberalism" title="Neoclassical liberalism">Arizona School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_States" title="Libertarianism in the United States">Classical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeffersonian_democracy" title="Jeffersonian democracy">Jeffersonian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Modern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Uruguay" title="Liberalism in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Venezuela)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party (Venezuela)">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Zimbabwe" title="Liberalism in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #C5C12B; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">Anti-authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_views_of_American_academics" title="Political views of American academics">Bias in American academia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_bias" title="Media bias">Bias in the media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_capitalism" title="Democratic capitalism">Democratic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">Centrism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radical_centrism" title="Radical centrism">Radical centrism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_freedom" title="Economic freedom">Economic freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">Egalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empiricism" title="Empiricism">Empiricism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">Humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_Anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Individualist Anarchism">Anarchist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_value_tax" title="Land value tax">Land value tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism" title="Right-libertarianism">Right</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Party" title="Pirate Party">Pirate Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-positive_feminism" title="Sex-positive feminism">Sexually liberal feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utilitarianism" title="Utilitarianism">Utilitarianism</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #C5C12B; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Schools</div><div 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title="Neoliberalism">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordoliberalism" title="Ordoliberalism">Ordo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_radicalism" title="Classical radicalism">Radical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_liberalism" title="Religious liberalism">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Christianity" title="Liberal Christianity">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Catholicism" title="Liberal Catholicism">Catholic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_progressivism_within_Islam" title="Liberalism and progressivism within Islam">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_liberalism" title="Secular liberalism">Secular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technoliberalism" title="Technoliberalism">Techno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a></li></ul> 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);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Radicalism_(historical)" title="Category:Radicalism (historical)">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Classical_radicalism" title="Classical radicalism">Radicalism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Revolutions" title="Atlantic Revolutions">Atlantic Revolutions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Revolution" title="Belgian Revolution">Belgian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartism" title="Chartism">Chartism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_liberalism" title="History of liberalism">History of liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Ideas</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-clericalism" title="Anti-clericalism">Anti-clericalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_nationalism" title="Civic nationalism">Civic nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_radicalism" title="Cultural radicalism">Cultural radicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_radicalism" title="Classical radicalism">Classical radicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_democracy" title="Direct democracy">Direct democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">Egalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_movement" title="Freedom of movement">Freedom of movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobin_(politics)" title="Jacobin (politics)">Jacobinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor movement">Labor movement</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire" title="Laissez-faire">Laissez-faire</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_socialism" title="Liberal socialism">Liberal socialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libert%C3%A9,_%C3%A9galit%C3%A9,_fraternit%C3%A9" title="Liberté, égalité, fraternité">Liberté, égalité, fraternité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernity" title="Modernity">Modernity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">Populism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_populism" title="Left-wing populism">Left-wing populism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rationalism" title="Rationalism">Rationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Reform movement">Reform movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution" title="Revolution">Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_France" title="Secularism in France">Laicité</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_change" title="Social change">Social change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">Social liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffrage" title="Suffrage">Suffrage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">Women's suffrage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utilitarianism" title="Utilitarianism">Utilitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">Utopian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Welfare">Welfare</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leandro_N._Alem" title="Leandro N. Alem">Alem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Atatürk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Bentham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar" title="Simón Bolívar">Bolívar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cartwright_(political_reformer)" title="John Cartwright (political reformer)">Cartwright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Clemenceau" title="Georges Clemenceau">Clemenceau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cobbett" title="William Cobbett">Cobbett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Fox" title="Charles James Fox">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Garibaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_George" title="Henry George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Godwin" title="William Godwin">Godwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._H._Green" title="T. H. Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_H%C3%A9bert" title="Jacques Hébert">Hébert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Hobhouse" title="Leonard Hobhouse">Hobhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claire_Lacombe" title="Claire Lacombe">Lacombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Th%C3%A9ophile_Victor_Leclerc" title="Jean Théophile Victor Leclerc">Leclerc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette" title="Robert M. La Follette">La Follette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">Lloyd George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Mazzini" title="Giuseppe Mazzini">Mazzini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mend%C3%A8s_France" title="Pierre Mendès France">Mendès France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mill" title="James Mill">Mill (James)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">Mill (John Stuart)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Mommsen" title="Theodor Mommsen">Mommsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Mossadegh" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Mossadegh">Mossadegh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Papanastasiou" title="Alexandros Papanastasiou">Papanastasiou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Papandreou" title="Georgios Papandreou">Papandreou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Plastiras" title="Nikolaos Plastiras">Plastiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilien_Robespierre" title="Maximilien Robespierre">Robespierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rosselli" title="Carlo Rosselli">Rosselli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Roux" title="Jacques Roux">Roux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine_de_Saint-Just" title="Louis Antoine de Saint-Just">Saint-Just</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_Stevens" title="Thaddeus Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Varlet" title="Jean-François Varlet">Varlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos" title="Eleftherios Venizelos">Venizelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Virchow" title="Rudolf Virchow">Virchow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wilkes" title="John Wilkes">Wilkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft" title="Mary Wollstonecraft">Wollstonecraft</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Groups</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li>Action Party <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Party_(Italy,_1853)" title="Action Party (Italy, 1853)">1853</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_Party_(Italy)" title="Action Party (Italy)">1942</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfarista_Radical_Front" title="Alfarista Radical Front">Alfarista Radical Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alsatian_Progress_Party" title="Alsatian Progress Party">Alsatian Progress Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Radicals_for_the_United_States_of_Europe" title="Association of Radicals for the United States of Europe">Association of Radicals for the United States of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authentic_Radical_Liberal_Party" title="Authentic Radical Liberal Party">Authentic Radical Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Party_(Dominican_Republic)" title="Blue Party (Dominican Republic)">Blue Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Union" title="Centre Union">Centre Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Union_%E2%80%93_New_Forces" title="Centre Union – New Forces">Centre Union – New Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Democratic_Centre_(Greece)" title="Union of the Democratic Centre (Greece)">Union of the Democratic Centre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Workers%27_Party" title="Civic Workers' Party">Civic Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Liberal_Party" title="Colombian Liberal Party">Colombian Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordeliers" title="Cordeliers">Cordeliers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indulgents" title="Indulgents">Dantonists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9bertists" title="Hébertists">Hébertists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Grits" title="Clear Grits">Clear Grits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_National_Social_Party" title="Czech National Social Party">Czech National Social Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Realist_Party" title="Czech Realist Party">Czech Realist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Constitutionalist_Progressive_Party" title="Czech Constitutionalist Progressive Party">Czech Constitutionalist Progressive Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrat_Party_(Persia)" title="Democrat Party (Persia)">Democrat Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_of_Catalonia" title="Democratic Left of Catalonia">Democratic Left of Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialist_Party_of_Greece" title="Democratic Socialist Party of Greece">Democratic Socialist Party of Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Papandreou_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgios Papandreou Party">Georgios Papandreou Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Union_(Greece)" title="Democratic Union (Greece)">Democratic Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_and_Labour_Party" title="Agricultural and Labour Party">Democratic Union-Agricultural and Labour Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrats_66" title="Democrats 66">Democrats 66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_Radical_Liberal_Party" title="Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party">Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Radical_Alliance" title="European Radical Alliance">European Radical Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Republicans_Movement" title="European Republicans Movement">European Republicans Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabian_Society" title="Fabian Society">Fabian Society</a> (elements)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Free-minded_Party" title="German Free-minded Party">German Free-minded Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_People%27s_Party_(1868)" title="German People's Party (1868)">German People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Liberals_(Switzerland)" title="The Liberals (Switzerland)">FDP.The Liberals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-Left_(Hungary)" title="Far-Left (Hungary)">Far Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Democratic_Republican_Party" title="Federal Democratic Republican Party">Federal Democratic Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Free Democratic Party of Switzerland">Free Democratic Party/Radical Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-minded_People%27s_Party_(Germany)" title="Free-minded People's Party (Germany)">Free-minded People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-minded_Union" title="Free-minded Union">Free-minded Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-thinking_Democratic_League" title="Free-thinking Democratic League">Free-thinking Democratic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foxite" title="Foxite">Foxite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giustizia_e_Libert%C3%A0" title="Giustizia e Libertà">Giustizia e Libertà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GroenLinks" title="GroenLinks">GroenLinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Far_Left" title="Historical Far Left">Historical Far Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Club" title="Independence Club">Independence Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Radicals" title="Independent Radicals">Independent Radicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Entente_of_Radical_and_Similar_Democratic_Parties" title="International Entente of Radical and Similar Democratic Parties">International Entente of Radical and Similar Democratic Parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Democratic_Liberal_Party" title="Italian Democratic Liberal Party">Italian Democratic Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Radical_Party" title="Italian Radical Party">Italian Radical Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Radicals" title="Italian Radicals">Italian Radicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Republican_Party" title="Italian Republican Party">Italian Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacksonian_democracy" title="Jacksonian democracy">Jacksonian Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobin">Jacobin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Mountain" title="The Mountain">The Mountain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Democratic_Party" title="Labour Democratic Party">Labour Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Centre" title="Left Centre">Left Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Liberals" title="Left Liberals">Left Liberals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberals,_Democrats_and_Radicals" title="Liberals, Democrats and Radicals">Liberals, Democrats and Radicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Norway)" title="Liberal Party (Norway)">Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Reformers" title="Liberal Reformers">Liberal Reformers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Swedish_Party" title="Liberal Swedish Party">Liberal Swedish Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhood_Suffrage_League" title="Manhood Suffrage League">Manhood Suffrage League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Liberal_Party" title="Mexican Liberal Party">Mexican Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/More_Europe" title="More Europe">More Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Constitutional_Freedoms" title="Movement for Constitutional Freedoms">Movement for Constitutional Freedoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_and_Social_Liberation" title="National and Social Liberation">National and Social Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_(Greece)" title="National Democratic Party (Greece)">National Radical Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Progressive_Center_Union" title="National Progressive Center Union">National Progressive Center Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Reform_Union" title="National Reform Union">National Reform Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_(Peru)" title="National Union (Peru)">National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Liberals_(Germany)" title="New Liberals (Germany)">New Liberals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opportunist_Republicans" class="mw-redirect" title="Opportunist Republicans">Opportunist Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_rouge" title="Parti rouge">Parti rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partido_Ecologista_Radical_Intransigente" title="Partido Ecologista Radical Intransigente">Partido Ecologista Radical Intransigente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Democratic_Socialism_(Greece)" title="Party of Democratic Socialism (Greece)">Party of Democratic Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Independence_and_%2748" title="Party of Independence and '48">Party of Independence and '48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Montenegro,_1906)" title="People's Party (Montenegro, 1906)">People's Party</a></li> <li>People's Radical Party <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Radical_Party" title="People's Radical Party">1881</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serb_People%27s_Radical_Party" title="Serb People's Radical Party">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Radical_Party_(1990)" title="People's Radical Party (1990)">1990</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Party_of_Radicals" title="Political Party of Radicals">Political Party of Radicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Councils" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular Councils">Popular Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Republican_Party" title="Portuguese Republican Party">Portuguese Republican Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Portugal)" title="Democratic Party (Portugal)">Democratic Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Democratic_Party_of_the_North" title="Progressive Democratic Party of the North">Progressive Democratic Party of the North</a></li> <li>Progressive Party <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(Belgium)" title="Progressive Party (Belgium)">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(South_Korea,_2017)" title="Progressive Party (South Korea, 2017)">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1912)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1912)">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_People%27s_Party_(Germany)" title="Progressive People's Party (Germany)">Progressive People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Cause" title="Radical Cause">Radical Cause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Change" title="Radical Change">Radical Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Civic_Union" title="Radical Civic Union">Radical Civic Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radicales_K" title="Radicales K">Radicales K</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Democracy_(Chile)" title="Radical Democracy (Chile)">Radical Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Democracy_Party_(United_States)" title="Radical Democracy Party (United States)">Radical Democracy Party</a></li> <li>Radical Democratic Party <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Democratic_Party_(Bulgaria)" title="Radical Democratic Party (Bulgaria)">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Radical_Democratic_Party" title="Estonian Radical Democratic Party">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Democratic_Party_(India)" title="Radical Democratic Party (India)">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Democratic_Party_(Spain)" title="Radical Democratic Party (Spain)">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Democratic_Party_(1904)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Democratic Party (1904)">Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Federative_Movement" title="Radical Federative Movement">Radical Federative Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_League" title="Radical League">Radical League</a></li> <li>Radical Liberal Party <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Liberal_Party_(Luxembourg)" title="Radical Liberal Party (Luxembourg)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Liberal_Party_(Paraguay)" title="Radical Liberal Party (Paraguay)">Paraguay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Social_Democracy_Party" title="Chilean Social Democracy Party">Radical Left Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Social_Liberal_Party" title="Danish Social Liberal Party">Radical Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Movement" title="Radical Movement">Radical Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Movement_of_Social_Democratic_Alliance" title="Radical Movement of Social Democratic Alliance">Radical Movement of Social Democratic Alliance</a></li> <li>Radical Party <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_(Bolivia)" title="Radical Party (Bolivia)">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_(France)" title="Radical Party (France)">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Radical_Party" title="Hungarian Radical Party">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_(Italy)" title="Radical Party (Italy)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_(Luxembourg)" title="Radical Party (Luxembourg)">Luxembourg</a></li></ul></li> <li>Radical Party of Chile <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_of_Chile" title="Radical Party of Chile">1863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_of_Chile_(2018)" title="Radical Party of Chile (2018)">2018</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_of_the_Left" title="Radical Party of the Left">Radical Party of the Left</a></li> <li>Radical People's Party <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radical_People%27s_Party_(Finland)" title="Radical People's Party (Finland)">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_People%27s_Party_(Norway)" title="Radical People's Party (Norway)">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">Turkey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Republican_Party" title="Radical Republican Party">Radical Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Republicans" title="Radical Republicans">Radical Republicans</a></li> <li>Radical Socialist Party <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Socialist_Party_(Luxembourg)" title="Radical Socialist Party (Luxembourg)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Radical_Socialist_Party" title="Estonian Radical Socialist Party">Estonia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Socialist_Republican_Party" title="Radical Socialist Republican Party">Radical Socialist Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Whigs" title="Radical Whigs">Radical Whigs</a></li> <li>Radicals of the Left</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radicals_(UK)" title="Radicals (UK)">Radicals (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_League" title="Reform League">Reform League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Action_(Spain)" title="Republican Action (Spain)">Republican Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Democratic_Concentration" title="Republican Democratic Concentration">Republican Democratic Concentration</a></li> <li>Republican Left <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Left_(Spain)" title="Republican Left (Spain)">Spain (1934)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Left_(Spain,_1977)" title="Republican Left (Spain, 1977)">Spain (1977)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Left_(Italy)" title="Republican Left (Italy)">Italy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Union_(Spain,_1934)" title="Republican Union (Spain, 1934)">Republican Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resolution_Party" title="Resolution Party">Resolution Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_in_the_Fist" title="Rose in the Fist">Rose in the Fist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Street_Club" title="Rose Street Club">Rose Street Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROSSEM" title="ROSSEM">ROSSEM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Social Democracy (Italy)">Social Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Iran)" title="Social Democratic Party (Iran)">Social Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Radical_Party_(Chile)" title="Socialist Radical Party (Chile)">Socialist Radical Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratford_Dialectical_and_Radical_Club" title="Stratford Dialectical and Radical Club">Stratford Dialectical and Radical Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnational_Radical_Party" title="Transnational Radical Party">Transnational Radical Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrag%C3%A9s" title="Enragés">Ultra-radicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union,_Progress_and_Democracy" title="Union, Progress and Democracy">Union, Progress and Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_League_for_the_Material_Elevation_of_the_Industrious_Classes" title="Universal League for the Material Elevation of the Industrious Classes">Universal League for the Material Elevation of the Industrious Classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Ireland" title="Young Ireland">Young Ireland</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">By region</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Bulgaria" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Chile" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Denmark" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Ecuador" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_France" title="Liberalism and radicalism in France">France</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Italy" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Paraguay" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Romania" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Spain" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radicalism_in_the_United_States" title="Radicalism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_liberalism" title="Conservative liberalism">Conservative liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_socialism" title="History of socialism">History of socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">Irish republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Europe" title="Liberalism in Europe">Liberalism in Europe</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/16px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/24px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/32px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_flag_waving.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/15px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/22px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/30px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Liberalism" title="Portal:Liberalism">Liberalism portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Radicalism_sidebar" title="Template:Radicalism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Radicalism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Radicalism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Radicalism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Radicalism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>This article gives an overview of <b>liberalism and radicalism in <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></b>. It is limited to <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Classical_radicalism" title="Classical radicalism">radical</a> <a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">parties</a> with substantial support, mainly proved by having had a representation in parliament. The sign ⇒ denotes another party in that scheme. For inclusion in this scheme it is not necessary that parties labeled themselves as a liberal party. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From the start of <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberalism</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1526%E2%80%931867)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867)">Hungary</a> its program is combined with the struggle for independence from the Habsburg-rule and thus more autonomy in the country's affairs in relation with the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>. The two realists groups, Deákists and Kossuthists, differ in their attitude towards the Habsburg rulers. Both groups had a conservative <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberal</a> or even <a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">conservative</a> philosophy by the beginning of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the antebellum period, liberalism was very successful and led by the party of Károlyi, but after the communist revolution of 1919, and during the conservative regency, liberalism became limited to small city-based parties. After the 1988 end of communist rule, liberalism reconstituted itself in the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Free_Democrats" title="Alliance of Free Democrats">Alliance of Free Democrats</a> (<i>Szabad Demokraták Szövetsége</i>, member <a href="/wiki/Liberal_International" title="Liberal International">LI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party">ELDR</a>), a center market liberal party. Originally also the <a href="/wiki/Fidesz" title="Fidesz">Young Democrats</a> chose a liberal profile, but soon they developed into a national-conservative party. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opposition_Party">Opposition Party</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Opposition Party"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1847: Liberal opposition led by <a href="/wiki/Ferenc_De%C3%A1k_(politician)" title="Ferenc Deák (politician)">Ferenc Deák</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lajos_Kossuth" title="Lajos Kossuth">Lajos Kossuth</a> formed the <i>Opposition Party</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1849: The party is banned.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radical_Party">Radical Party</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Radical Party"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1849: Radical liberals formed the illegal <i>Radical Party</i>.</li> <li>1868: The party joined with the new 1848 Party.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_Address_Party_to_Liberal_Party">From Address Party to Liberal Party</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: From Address Party to Liberal Party"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1861: The moderate followers of <a href="/wiki/Ferenc_De%C3%A1k_(politician)" title="Ferenc Deák (politician)">Ferenc Deák</a> formed the <i>Address Party</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1866: After a compromise with the Austrian rulers, the party is reorganized into the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_liberalism" title="Conservative liberalism">conservative liberal</a> <i><a href="/wiki/De%C3%A1k_Party" title="Deák Party">Deák Party</a></i>.</li> <li>1875: The party merged with the conservative <i><a href="/wiki/Left_Center_(parliamentary_faction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Left Center (parliamentary faction)">Left Center</a></i> into the conservative liberal <i>Liberal Party</i>.</li> <li>1876: The liberal wing seceded as the <i>Independent Liberal Party</i>.</li> <li>1899: The National Party joined the party.</li> <li>1904: The National Party seceded from the party.</li> <li>1906: The party was dissolved.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_Extreme_Left_to_Kossuth_Party">From Extreme Left to Kossuth Party</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: From Extreme Left to Kossuth Party"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1867: Going back to the traditions of the Opposition, liberals formed the <i>Independence and 1848 Party</i>.</li> <li>1868: The party united with the former radicals into the <i>Independence and 1848 Party</i>.</li> <li>1874: A faction seceded and formed the <i>Independence Party</i>.</li> <li>1884: The parties reunited into the <i>Independence and 1848 Party</i>.</li> <li>1895: An agrarian faction formed the <i>Independence and 1848 Party of Ug</i>.</li> <li>1904: The parties reunited.</li> <li>1905: The National Party joined.</li> <li>1908: A left-wing faction seceded as the Left Party.</li> <li>1909: A conservative faction formed the <i>1848 Independence Kossuth Party</i>.</li> <li>1910: The Left Party rejoined the party.</li> <li>1912: The radical <i>Countrywide Republican Party</i> seceded.</li> <li>1913: The party merged with the <i>1848 Independence Kossuth Party</i> into <i>the United Independence and 1848 Party</i>.</li> <li>1916: The liberal wing seceded as the <i>Independence and 1848 Károlyí Party</i>.</li> <li>1919: The party, now a conservative party, is renamed <i>Independence and 1848 Party</i></li></ul> <p>and in 1924, it was renamed the <i>Kossuth Party</i>. It was disbanded by 1945. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independence_Party">Independence Party</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Independence Party"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1874: A faction of the 1848 Party formed the <i>Independence Party</i>.</li> <li>1884: The parties reunited into the <i>Independence and 1848 Party</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_Independent_Liberal_Party_to_National_Party">From Independent Liberal Party to National Party</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: From Independent Liberal Party to National Party"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1876: The liberal wing of the Liberal Party formed the <i>Independent Liberal Party</i>.</li> <li>1878: It joined the more conservative groups and the <i>United Opposition</i> was formed.</li> <li>1881: The party is reorganised into the <i>Moderate Opposition</i>.</li> <li>1891: The party is renamed <i>National Party</i>.</li> <li>1899: It joined the <i>Liberal Party</i>.</li> <li>1904: The party seceded from the <i>Liberal Party</i>.</li> <li>1905: It joined the <i>Independence and 1848 Party</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_Communal_Democratic_Party_to_Civic_Democratic_Party">From Communal Democratic Party to Civic Democratic Party</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: From Communal Democratic Party to Civic Democratic Party"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1894: Budapest liberals formed the <i>Civic Democratic Party</i>.</li> <li>1900: The party is reorganized into a national party and named <i>Civic Democratic Party</i>.</li> <li>1918: The party split into the <i>National Socialist Party</i> and the <i>Liberal Citizen's Party</i>.</li> <li>1919: The parties reunited into the <i>National Democratic Party</i>.</li> <li>1926: The party merged with the <i>FKFPP</i> into the <i>Independent National Democratic Party</i>.</li> <li>1928: The former <i>FKPP</i> secedes and the party is renamed <i>National Democratic Party</i>.</li> <li>1942: The party was dissolved.</li> <li>1944: The party is reorganized into the <i>Civic Democratic Party</i>.</li> <li>1949: The <i>PDP</i> joined the left-wing non-Marxist <i>Hungarian Radical Party</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Left_Party">Left Party</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Left Party"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1908: A left-wing faction of the <i>Independence and 1848 Party</i> formed the <i>Left Party</i>.</li> <li>1910: The party rejoined with <i>the Independence and 1848 Party</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Countrywide_Republican_Party">Countrywide Republican Party</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Countrywide Republican Party"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1912: A radical faction of the <i>Independence and 1848 Party</i> formed the <i>Countrywide Republican Party</i>.</li> <li>1913: The party is banned.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independence_and_1848_Károlyi_Party"><span id="Independence_and_1848_K.C3.A1rolyi_Party"></span>Independence and 1848 Károlyi Party</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Independence and 1848 Károlyi Party"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1916: The liberal wing of the <i>United Independence</i> and <i>1848 Party</i> formed the <i>Independence and 1848 Party</i>, led by <a href="/wiki/Mih%C3%A1ly_K%C3%A1rolyi" title="Mihály Károlyi">Mihály Károlyi</a>.</li> <li>1919: After a communist coup, the party is dissolved.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Countrywide_Civic_Radical_Party">Countrywide Civic Radical Party</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Countrywide Civic Radical Party"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1916: Radical liberals formed the <i>Countrywide Civic Radical Party</i>.</li> <li>1919: The party was dissolved.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liberal_Citizens'_Party"><span id="Liberal_Citizens.27_Party"></span>Liberal Citizens' Party</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Liberal Citizens' Party"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1918: A faction of the <i>Civic Democratic Party</i> formed the <i>Liberal Citizens' Party</i>.</li> <li>1919: The parties reunited into the <i>National Democratic Party</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_Independence_Party_of_Smallholders,_Agrarian_Workers_and_Citizens_to_Civic_Freedom_Party"><span id="From_Independence_Party_of_Smallholders.2C_Agrarian_Workers_and_Citizens_to_Civic_Freedom_Party"></span>From Independence Party of Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Citizens to Civic Freedom Party</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: From Independence Party of Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Citizens to Civic Freedom Party"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1921: <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%A1roly_Rassay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Károly Rassay (page does not exist)">Károly Rassay</a> formed, in an attempt to find liberal support outside the cities, the liberal <i>Independence Party of Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Citizens</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1926: The party merged into the <i>Independent National Democratic Party</i>.</li> <li>1928: The party is reconstituted as the <i>National Liberal Party</i>.</li> <li>1934: The party is renamed the <i>Civic Freedom Party</i>.</li> <li>1944: The remnants of the party joined the <i>Civic Democratic Party</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alliance_of_Free_Democrats">Alliance of Free Democrats</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Alliance of Free Democrats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1988: Just before the collapse of the communist regime, the liberal <i><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Free_Democrats" title="Alliance of Free Democrats">Alliance of Free Democrats</a></i> party was formed.</li> <li>2010: The <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Free_Democrats" title="Alliance of Free Democrats">Alliance of Free Democrats</a> fell out of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">Parliament</a>, and split into several parties.</li> <li>2013: Former SZDSZ members founded the <i><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Liberal_Party" title="Hungarian Liberal Party">Hungarian Liberal Party</a></i>.</li> <li>2020s: MLP became inactive and de facto merged into <i><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Coalition_(Hungary)" title="Democratic Coalition (Hungary)">Democratic Coalition</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Momentum_Movement">Momentum Movement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Momentum Movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>2015: The <a href="/wiki/Momentum_Movement" title="Momentum Movement">Momentum Movement</a> has been founded.</li> <li>2017: Momentum Movement became a party.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liberal_leaders">Liberal leaders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Liberal leaders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>19th century: <a href="/wiki/Lajos_Kossuth" title="Lajos Kossuth">Lajos Kossuth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferenc_De%C3%A1k_(politician)" title="Ferenc Deák (politician)">Ferenc Deák</a></li> <li>Alliance of Free Democrats: <a href="/wiki/%C3%81rp%C3%A1d_G%C3%B6ncz" title="Árpád Göncz">Árpád Göncz</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hungary" title="History of Hungary">History of Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hungary" title="Politics of Hungary">Politics of Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Hungary" title="List of political parties in Hungary">List of political parties in Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_in_19th-century_Hungary" title="Politics in 19th-century Hungary">Politics in 19th-century Hungary</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Hungary&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article5038340">"THE HUNGARIAN CRISIS"</a>. <i>Advertiser</i>. 1905-02-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advertiser&rft.atitle=THE+HUNGARIAN+CRISIS.&rft.date=1905-02-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article5038340&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberalism+and+radicalism+in+Hungary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTravel2018" class="citation book cs1">Travel, D. K. (2018-03-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AhtFDwAAQBAJ&dq=1847%3A+Liberal+opposition+led+by+Ferenc+De%C3%A1k+and+Lajos+Kossuth+formed+the+Opposition+Party.&pg=PA46"><i>DK Eyewitness Travel Guide Hungary</i></a>. Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4654-7672-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4654-7672-2"><bdi>978-1-4654-7672-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=DK+Eyewitness+Travel+Guide+Hungary&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2018-03-20&rft.isbn=978-1-4654-7672-2&rft.aulast=Travel&rft.aufirst=D.+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAhtFDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3D1847%253A%2BLiberal%2Bopposition%2Bled%2Bby%2BFerenc%2BDe%25C3%25A1k%2Band%2BLajos%2BKossuth%2Bformed%2Bthe%2BOpposition%2BParty.%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberalism+and+radicalism+in+Hungary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ferenc-Deak">"Ferenc Deák | Hungarian statesman"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Ferenc+De%C3%A1k+%7C+Hungarian+statesman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FFerenc-Deak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberalism+and+radicalism+in+Hungary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Lorman2005" class="citation book cs1">Thomas Lorman (2005). <i>The Domestic Politics of the Bethlen Government, 1921-1925</i>. London: ProQuest LLC. pp. 221–235.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Domestic+Politics+of+the+Bethlen+Government%2C+1921-1925&rft.place=London&rft.pages=221-235&rft.pub=ProQuest+LLC&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Thomas+Lorman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiberalism+and+radicalism+in+Hungary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Albania" title="Liberalism in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Andorra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Andorra (page does not exist)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Armenia" title="Liberalism in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Austria" title="Liberalism in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Azerbaijan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Azerbaijan (page does not exist)">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Belarus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Belarus (page does not exist)">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Belgium" title="Liberalism in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Bosnia and Herzegovina (page does not exist)">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberalism in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Croatia" title="Liberalism in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Cyprus" title="Liberalism in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Liberalism in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberalism in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Estonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberalism in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberalism in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberalism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberalism in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Germany" title="Liberalism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Greece" title="Liberalism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberalism in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Iceland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Iceland (page does not exist)">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in the Republic of Ireland (page does not exist)">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberalism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Kazakhstan (page does not exist)">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Latvia" title="Liberalism in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Liechtenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Liechtenstein (page does not exist)">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Lithuania" title="Liberalism in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Luxembourg" title="Liberalism in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Malta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Malta (page does not exist)">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Moldova" title="Liberalism in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Monaco (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Montenegro" title="Liberalism in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Liberalism in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_North_Macedonia" title="Liberalism in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Norway" title="Liberalism in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Poland" title="Liberalism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Portugal" title="Liberalism in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberalism in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Russia" title="Liberalism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Serbia" title="Liberalism in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Slovakia" title="Liberalism in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Slovenia" title="Liberalism in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberalism in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberalism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Switzerland" title="Liberalism in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Turkey" title="Liberalism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Ukraine" title="Liberalism in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Liberalism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Kosovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Kosovo (page does not exist)">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_the_Faroe_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in the Faroe Islands (page does not exist)">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Gibraltar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Gibraltar (page does not exist)">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_the_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in the Isle of Man (page does not exist)">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Jersey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Jersey (page does not exist)">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalism in Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Hungary&oldid=1218626343">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Hungary&oldid=1218626343</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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