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<span>Toggle Intestinal enteroendocrine cells subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Intestinal_enteroendocrine_cells-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-K_cell" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#K_cell"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>K cell</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-K_cell-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L_cell" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L_cell"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>L cell</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L_cell-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-I_cell" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#I_cell"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>I cell</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-I_cell-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-G_cell" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#G_cell"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>G cell</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-G_cell-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enterochromaffin_cell" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enterochromaffin_cell"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Enterochromaffin cell</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enterochromaffin_cell-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enterochromaffin-like_cell" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enterochromaffin-like_cell"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Enterochromaffin-like cell</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enterochromaffin-like_cell-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-N_cell" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#N_cell"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>N cell</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-N_cell-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-S_cell" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#S_cell"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>S cell</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-S_cell-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-D_cell" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#D_cell"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>D cell</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-D_cell-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mo_cell_(or_M_cell)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mo_cell_(or_M_cell)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>Mo cell (or M cell)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mo_cell_(or_M_cell)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gastric_enteroendocrine_cells" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gastric_enteroendocrine_cells"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Gastric enteroendocrine cells</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gastric_enteroendocrine_cells-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pancreatic_enteroendocrine_cells" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pancreatic_enteroendocrine_cells"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pancreatic enteroendocrine cells</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pancreatic_enteroendocrine_cells-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clinical_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinical_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Clinical significance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_organisms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_organisms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Other organisms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_organisms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Cell that produces gastrointestinal hormones</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:beige">Enteroendocrine cell</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Digestive_hormones.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Digestive_hormones.jpg/250px-Digestive_hormones.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Digestive_hormones.jpg/500px-Digestive_hormones.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="716" data-file-height="499" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Actions of the major digestive hormones secreted by enteroendocrine cells</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Organ_system" title="Organ system">System</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Endocrine_system" title="Endocrine system">Endocrine system</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract">Gastrointestinal tract</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>endocrinocyti gastroenteropancreatici</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D019858">D019858</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Histologica" title="Terminologia Histologica">TH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/PDF/TH%20Chapter%20H3.04.pdf">H3.04.02.0.00024, H3.08.01.0.00003 </a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma62930">62930</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_microanatomy" title="Anatomical terms of microanatomy">Anatomical terms of microanatomy</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380231" class="extiw" title="d:Q5380231">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Enteroendocrine cells</b> are specialized <a href="/wiki/Cell_(biology)" title="Cell (biology)">cells</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract">gastrointestinal tract</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pancreas" title="Pancreas">pancreas</a> with <a href="/wiki/Endocrine_system" title="Endocrine system">endocrine</a> function. They produce <a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_hormone" title="Gastrointestinal hormone">gastrointestinal hormones</a> or peptides in response to various stimuli and release them into the bloodstream for systemic effect, diffuse them as <a href="/wiki/Paracrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Paracrine">local messengers</a>, or transmit them to the <a href="/wiki/Enteric_nervous_system" title="Enteric nervous system">enteric nervous system</a> to activate nervous responses.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Solcia_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Solcia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enteroendocrine cells of the intestine are the most numerous endocrine cells of the body.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They constitute an <b>enteric endocrine system</b> as a subset of the <a href="/wiki/Endocrine_system" title="Endocrine system">endocrine system</a> just as the <a href="/wiki/Enteric_nervous_system" title="Enteric nervous system">enteric nervous system</a> is a subset of the <a href="/wiki/Nervous_system" title="Nervous system">nervous system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-isbn_9781420005424_page_1547_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isbn_9781420005424_page_1547-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a sense they are known to act as <a href="/wiki/Chemoreceptor" title="Chemoreceptor">chemoreceptors</a>, initiating digestive actions and detecting harmful substances and initiating protective responses.<sup id="cite_ref-catia_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-catia-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enteroendocrine cells are located in the stomach, in the intestine and in the pancreas. Microbiota play key roles in the intestinal immune and metabolic responses in these enteroendocrine cells via their fermentation product (<a href="/wiki/Short-chain_fatty_acid" title="Short-chain fatty acid">short chain fatty acid</a>), <a href="/wiki/Acetate" title="Acetate">acetate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid34107298_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid34107298-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Intestinal_enteroendocrine_cells">Intestinal enteroendocrine cells</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enteroendocrine_cell&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Intestinal enteroendocrine cells"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Intestinal enteroendocrine cells are not clustered together but spread as single cells throughout the intestinal tract.<sup id="cite_ref-catia_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-catia-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hormones secreted include <a href="/wiki/Somatostatin" title="Somatostatin">somatostatin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motilin" title="Motilin">motilin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cholecystokinin" title="Cholecystokinin">cholecystokinin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neurotensin" title="Neurotensin">neurotensin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vasoactive_intestinal_peptide" title="Vasoactive intestinal peptide">vasoactive intestinal peptide</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Enteroglucagon" title="Enteroglucagon">enteroglucagon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-krause_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-krause-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The enteroendocrine cells sense the metabolites from intestinal commensal <a href="/wiki/Microbiota_(human)" class="mw-redirect" title="Microbiota (human)">microbiota</a> and, in turn, coordinate antibacterial, mechanical, and metabolic branches of the host intestinal innate immune response to the commensal microbiota.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid31699645_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid31699645-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="K_cell">K cell</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enteroendocrine_cell&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: K cell"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>K cells secrete <a href="/wiki/Gastric_inhibitory_peptide" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastric inhibitory peptide">gastric inhibitory peptide</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Incretin" title="Incretin">incretin</a>, which also promotes triglyceride storage.<sup id="cite_ref-Parker_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parker-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> K cells are mostly found in the duodenum.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="L_cell">L cell</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enteroendocrine_cell&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: L cell"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L cells secrete <a href="/wiki/Glucagon-like_peptide-1" title="Glucagon-like peptide-1">glucagon-like peptide-1</a>, an incretin, <a href="/wiki/Peptide_YY" title="Peptide YY"> peptide YY<sub>3-36</sub></a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxyntomodulin" title="Oxyntomodulin">oxyntomodulin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glucagon-like_peptide-2" title="Glucagon-like peptide-2">glucagon-like peptide-2</a>. L cells are primarily found in the <a href="/wiki/Ileum" title="Ileum">ileum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Large_intestine" title="Large intestine">large intestine</a> (colon), but some are also found in the <a href="/wiki/Duodenum" title="Duodenum">duodenum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jejunum" title="Jejunum">jejunum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17098089_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17098089-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="I_cell">I cell</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enteroendocrine_cell&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: I cell"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I cells secrete <a href="/wiki/Cholecystokinin" title="Cholecystokinin">cholecystokinin</a> (CCK), and have the highest <a href="/wiki/Mucosal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mucosal">mucosal density</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Duodenum" title="Duodenum">duodenum</a> with a decreasing amount throughout the <a href="/wiki/Small_intestine" title="Small intestine">small intestine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They modulate bile secretion, exocrine pancreas secretion, and satiety.<sup id="cite_ref-Brubaker_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brubaker-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="G_cell">G cell</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enteroendocrine_cell&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: G cell"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/G_cell" title="G cell">G cell</a></div> <p>Stomach enteroendocrine cells, which release <a href="/wiki/Gastrin" title="Gastrin">gastrin</a>, and stimulate gastric acid secretion.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enterochromaffin_cell">Enterochromaffin cell</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enteroendocrine_cell&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Enterochromaffin cell"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Enterochromaffin_cell" title="Enterochromaffin cell">Enterochromaffin cells</a> are enteroendocrine and <a href="/wiki/Neuroendocrine_cell" title="Neuroendocrine cell">neuroendocrine cells</a> with a close similarity to adrenomedullary <a href="/wiki/Chromaffin_cell" title="Chromaffin cell">chromaffin cells</a> secreting <a href="/wiki/Serotonin" title="Serotonin">serotonin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ormsbee_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ormsbee-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enterochromaffin-like_cell">Enterochromaffin-like cell</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enteroendocrine_cell&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Enterochromaffin-like cell"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Enterochromaffin-like_cell" title="Enterochromaffin-like cell">Enterochromaffin-like cells</a> or ECL cells are a type of neuroendocrine cell secreting <a href="/wiki/Histamine" title="Histamine">histamine</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="N_cell">N cell</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enteroendocrine_cell&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: N cell"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Located in a increasing manner throughout the <a href="/wiki/Small_intestine" title="Small intestine">small intestine</a>, with the highest levels found in the in <a href="/wiki/Ileum" title="Ileum">ileum</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> N cells release <a href="/wiki/Neurotensin" title="Neurotensin">neurotensin</a>, and control smooth muscle contraction.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="S_cell">S cell</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enteroendocrine_cell&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: S cell"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/S_cell" title="S cell">S cell</a></div> <p>S cells secrete <a href="/wiki/Secretin" title="Secretin">secretin</a> mostly from the <a href="/wiki/Duodenum" title="Duodenum">duodenum</a>, but also in decreasing amounts throughout the rest of the <a href="/wiki/Small_intestine" title="Small intestine">small intestine</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and stimulate exocrine pancreatic secretion.<sup id="cite_ref-Brubaker_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brubaker-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="D_cell">D cell</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enteroendocrine_cell&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: D cell"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Delta_cell" title="Delta cell">Delta cell</a></div> <p>Also called Delta cells, D cells secrete <a href="/wiki/Somatostatin" title="Somatostatin">somatostatin</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mo_cell_(or_M_cell)"><span id="Mo_cell_.28or_M_cell.29"></span>Mo cell (or M cell)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enteroendocrine_cell&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Mo cell (or M cell)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>found in crypts of the small intestine, especially in the duodenum and jejunum.</li> <li>Different from the <a href="/wiki/Microfold_cell" title="Microfold cell">Microfold cells</a> (M cells) that are in <a href="/wiki/Peyer%27s_patch" title="Peyer's patch">Peyer's patches</a>.</li> <li>Secrete <a href="/wiki/Motilin" title="Motilin">motilin</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gastric_enteroendocrine_cells">Gastric enteroendocrine cells</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enteroendocrine_cell&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Gastric enteroendocrine cells"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gastric enteroendocrine cells are found in the <a href="/wiki/Gastric_glands" title="Gastric glands">gastric glands</a>, mostly at their base. The <a href="/wiki/G_cell" title="G cell">G cells</a> secrete <a href="/wiki/Gastrin" title="Gastrin">gastrin</a>, post-ganglionic fibers of the vagus nerve can release <a href="/wiki/Gastrin-releasing_peptide" title="Gastrin-releasing peptide">gastrin-releasing peptide</a> during <a href="/wiki/Parasympathetic_nervous_system" title="Parasympathetic nervous system">parasympathetic stimulation</a> to stimulate secretion. <a href="/wiki/Enterochromaffin-like_cells" class="mw-redirect" title="Enterochromaffin-like cells">Enterochromaffin-like cells</a> are enteroendocrine and neuroendocrine cells also known for their similarity to chromaffin cells secreting <a href="/wiki/Histamine" title="Histamine">histamine</a>, which stimulates G cells to secrete gastrin. </p><p>Other hormones produced include <a href="/wiki/Cholecystokinin" title="Cholecystokinin">cholecystokinin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somatostatin" title="Somatostatin">somatostatin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vasoactive_intestinal_peptide" title="Vasoactive intestinal peptide">vasoactive intestinal peptide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Substance_P" title="Substance P">substance P</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alpha-endorphin" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-endorphin">alpha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gamma-endorphin" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma-endorphin">gamma-endorphin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-krause_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-krause-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pancreatic_enteroendocrine_cells">Pancreatic enteroendocrine cells</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enteroendocrine_cell&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Pancreatic enteroendocrine cells"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pancreatic enteroendocrine cells are located in the <a href="/wiki/Islets_of_Langerhans" class="mw-redirect" title="Islets of Langerhans">islets of Langerhans</a> and produce most importantly the hormones <a href="/wiki/Insulin" title="Insulin">insulin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glucagon" title="Glucagon">glucagon</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_nervous_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous nervous system">autonomous nervous system</a> strongly regulates their secretion, with parasympathetic stimulation stimulating insulin secretion and inhibiting glucagon secretion and sympathetic stimulation having opposite effect.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other hormones produced include <a href="/wiki/Somatostatin" title="Somatostatin">somatostatin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_polypeptide" title="Pancreatic polypeptide">pancreatic polypeptide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amylin" title="Amylin">amylin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ghrelin" title="Ghrelin">ghrelin</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enteroendocrine_cell&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rare and slow growing <a href="/wiki/Carcinoid" title="Carcinoid">carcinoid</a> and non-carcinoid tumors develop from these cells. When a tumor arises it has the capacity to secrete large volumes of hormones.<sup id="cite_ref-Solcia_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Solcia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enteroendocrine_cell&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The very discovery of hormones occurred during studies of how the digestive system regulates its activities, as explained at <i><a href="/wiki/Secretin#Discovery" title="Secretin">Secretin § Discovery</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_organisms">Other organisms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enteroendocrine_cell&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Other organisms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In rats (<i><a href="/wiki/Rattus_rattus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rattus rattus">Rattus rattus</a></i>) the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Short-chain_fatty_acid_receptor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Short-chain fatty acid receptor (page does not exist)">short-chain fatty acid receptor</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="GPR43"></span><span class="vanchor-text"> GPR43 </span></span> is expressed both by this cell type and by <a href="/wiki/Mast_cell" title="Mast cell">mast cells</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mucosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mucosa">mucosa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid23094724_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid23094724-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enteroendocrine_cell&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/APUD_cell" title="APUD cell">APUD cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroendocrine_tumor" title="Neuroendocrine tumor">Neuroendocrine tumors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_human_cell_types_derived_from_the_germ_layers" title="List of human cell types derived from the germ layers">List of human cell types derived from the germ layers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enteroendocrine_cell&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output 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"Relationships between the autonomic nervous system and the pancreas including regulation of regeneration and apoptosis: recent developments". <i>Pancreas</i>. <b>29</b> (2): e51–8. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F00006676-200408000-00019">10.1097/00006676-200408000-00019</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15257115">15257115</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:15849806">15849806</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pancreas&rft.atitle=Relationships+between+the+autonomic+nervous+system+and+the+pancreas+including+regulation+of+regeneration+and+apoptosis%3A+recent+developments&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=e51-8&rft.date=2004-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A15849806%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15257115&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F00006676-200408000-00019&rft.aulast=Kiba&rft.aufirst=T&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnteroendocrine+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWarner2005" class="citation journal cs1">Warner RR (May 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1053%2Fj.gastro.2005.03.078">"Enteroendocrine tumors other than carcinoid: a review of clinically significant advances"</a>. <i>Gastroenterology</i>. <b>128</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">1668–</span>84. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1053%2Fj.gastro.2005.03.078">10.1053/j.gastro.2005.03.078</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15887158">15887158</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gastroenterology&rft.atitle=Enteroendocrine+tumors+other+than+carcinoid%3A+a+review+of+clinically+significant+advances&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1668-%3C%2Fspan%3E84&rft.date=2005-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1053%2Fj.gastro.2005.03.078&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15887158&rft.aulast=Warner&rft.aufirst=RR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1053%252Fj.gastro.2005.03.078&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnteroendocrine+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid23094724-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid23094724_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCamilleri2012" class="citation journal cs1">Camilleri M (October 2012). "Peripheral mechanisms in irritable bowel syndrome". <i>N Engl J Med</i>. <b>367</b> (17): <span class="nowrap">1626–</span>35. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1056%2FNEJMra1207068">10.1056/NEJMra1207068</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-4793">0028-4793</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23094724">23094724</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=N+Engl+J+Med&rft.atitle=Peripheral+mechanisms+in+irritable+bowel+syndrome&rft.volume=367&rft.issue=17&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1626-%3C%2Fspan%3E35&rft.date=2012-10&rft.issn=0028-4793&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23094724&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1056%2FNEJMra1207068&rft.aulast=Camilleri&rft.aufirst=M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnteroendocrine+cell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enteroendocrine_cell&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bu.edu/phpbin/medlib/histology/p/11604loa.htm">Histology image: 11604loa</a> – Histology Learning System at Boston University - "Endocrine System: duodenum, enteroendocrine cells"</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Physiology of the <a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastrointestinal system">gastrointestinal system</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_gastrointestinal_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Human gastrointestinal tract">GI tract</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Upper</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Exocrine_gland" title="Exocrine gland">Exocrine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gastric_chief_cell" title="Gastric chief cell">Chief cells</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pepsin" title="Pepsin">Pepsinogen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parietal_cell" title="Parietal cell">Parietal cells</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gastric_acid" title="Gastric acid">Gastric acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intrinsic_factor" title="Intrinsic factor">Intrinsic factor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foveolar_cell" title="Foveolar cell">Foveolar cells</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicarbonate" title="Bicarbonate">HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mucus" title="Mucus">Mucus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swallowing" title="Swallowing">Swallowing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vomiting" title="Vomiting">Vomiting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_physiology#Motility" title="Gastrointestinal physiology">Gastric emptying</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fluids</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saliva" title="Saliva">Saliva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastric_acid" title="Gastric acid">Gastric acid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gastric_acid" title="Gastric acid">Gastric acid</a> secretion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gastrin" title="Gastrin">Gastrin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G_cell" title="G cell">G cells</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histamine" title="Histamine">Histamine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enterochromaffin-like_cell" title="Enterochromaffin-like cell">ECL cells</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somatostatin" title="Somatostatin">Somatostatin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delta_cell" title="Delta cell">D cells</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lower</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Endocrine_system" title="Endocrine system">Endocrine</a>/<a href="/wiki/Paracrine_signalling" class="mw-redirect" title="Paracrine signalling">paracrine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bile and pancreatic secretion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enterogastrone" title="Enterogastrone">Enterogastrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholecystokinin" title="Cholecystokinin">Cholecystokinin</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Intestinal_enteroendocrine_cells">I cells</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretin" title="Secretin">Secretin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S_cell" title="S cell">S cells</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glucose_homeostasis" class="mw-redirect" title="Glucose homeostasis">Glucose homeostasis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Incretin" title="Incretin">incretins</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gastric_inhibitory_polypeptide" title="Gastric inhibitory polypeptide">GIP</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Intestinal_enteroendocrine_cells">K cells</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLP-1" class="mw-redirect" title="GLP-1">GLP-1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="L cell">L cells</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Endocrine cell types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Enteroendocrine cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterochromaffin_cell" title="Enterochromaffin cell">Enterochromaffin cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APUD_cell" title="APUD cell">APUD cell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Exocrine cell types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goblet_cell" title="Goblet cell">Goblet cells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fluids</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intestinal_juice" class="mw-redirect" title="Intestinal juice">Intestinal juice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Segmentation_contractions" title="Segmentation contractions">Segmentation contractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migrating_motor_complex" title="Migrating motor complex">Migrating motor complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stomach_rumble" title="Stomach rumble">Borborygmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defecation" title="Defecation">Defecation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Enteric_nervous_system" title="Enteric nervous system">Enteric nervous system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Submucous_plexus" class="mw-redirect" title="Submucous plexus">Submucous plexus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myenteric_plexus" title="Myenteric plexus">Myenteric plexus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Either/both</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Processes9" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peristalsis" title="Peristalsis">Peristalsis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Interstitial_cell_of_Cajal" title="Interstitial cell of Cajal">Interstitial cell of Cajal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basal_electrical_rhythm" title="Basal electrical rhythm">Basal electrical rhythm</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastrocolic_reflex" title="Gastrocolic reflex">Gastrocolic reflex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digestion" title="Digestion">Digestion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterocyte" title="Enterocyte">Enterocyte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Accessory_digestive_gland" class="mw-redirect" title="Accessory digestive gland">Accessory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fluids</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bile" title="Bile">Bile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_juice" title="Pancreatic juice">Pancreatic juice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enterohepatic_circulation" title="Enterohepatic circulation">Enterohepatic circulation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Abdominopelvic_cavity" title="Abdominopelvic cavity">Abdominopelvic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peritoneal_fluid" title="Peritoneal fluid">Peritoneal fluid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anatomy_of_the_endocrine_system174" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Endocrine_system_anatomy" title="Template:Endocrine system anatomy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Endocrine_system_anatomy" title="Template talk:Endocrine system anatomy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Endocrine_system_anatomy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Endocrine system anatomy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anatomy_of_the_endocrine_system174" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Anatomy of the <a href="/wiki/Endocrine_system" title="Endocrine system">endocrine system</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pituitary_gland" title="Pituitary gland">Pituitary gland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anterior_pituitary" title="Anterior pituitary">Anterior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pars_intermedia" title="Pars intermedia">Pars intermedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pars_tuberalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Pars tuberalis">Pars tuberalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_pituitary#Pars_distalis" title="Anterior pituitary">Pars distalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acidophil_cell" title="Acidophil cell">Acidophil cell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somatotropic_cell" title="Somatotropic cell">Somatotropic cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lactotropic_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Lactotropic cell">Prolactin cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somatomammotrophic_cell" title="Somatomammotrophic cell">Somatomammotrophic cell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basophil_cell" title="Basophil cell">Basophil cell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corticotropic_cell" title="Corticotropic cell">Corticotropic cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonadotropic_cell" title="Gonadotropic cell">Gonadotropic cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyrotropic_cell" title="Thyrotropic cell">Thyrotropic cell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromophobe_cell" title="Chromophobe cell">Chromophobe cell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Posterior_pituitary" title="Posterior pituitary">Posterior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_pituitary" title="Posterior pituitary">Pars nervosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Median_eminence" title="Median eminence">Median eminence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pituitary_stalk" title="Pituitary stalk">Stalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pituicyte" title="Pituicyte">Pituicyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herring_bodies" title="Herring bodies">Herring bodies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thyroid" title="Thyroid">Thyroid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thyroid_follicular_cell" title="Thyroid follicular cell">Follicular cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parafollicular_cell" title="Parafollicular cell">Parafollicular cell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parathyroid_gland" title="Parathyroid gland">Parathyroid gland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parathyroid_chief_cell" title="Parathyroid chief cell">Chief cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxyphil_cell_(parathyroid)" title="Oxyphil cell (parathyroid)">Oxyphil cell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adrenal_gland" title="Adrenal gland">Adrenal gland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adrenal_cortex" title="Adrenal cortex">Cortex</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zona_glomerulosa" title="Zona glomerulosa">Zona glomerulosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zona_fasciculata" title="Zona fasciculata">Zona fasciculata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zona_reticularis" title="Zona reticularis">Zona reticularis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adrenal_medulla" title="Adrenal medulla">Medulla</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromaffin_cell" title="Chromaffin cell">Chromaffin cell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gonad" title="Gonad">Gonads</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Testicle" title="Testicle">Testicle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leydig_cell" title="Leydig cell">Leydig cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sertoli_cell" title="Sertoli cell">Sertoli cell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovary" title="Ovary">Ovary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theca_interna" title="Theca interna">Theca interna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granulosa_cell" title="Granulosa cell">Granulosa cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_luteum" title="Corpus luteum">Corpus luteum</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_islets" title="Pancreatic islets">Islets of pancreas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_cell" title="Alpha cell">Alpha cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_cell" title="Beta cell">Beta cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_polypeptide_cells" title="Pancreatic polypeptide cells">PP cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_cell" title="Delta cell">Delta cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epsilon_cell" title="Epsilon cell">Epsilon cell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pineal_gland" title="Pineal gland">Pineal gland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pinealocyte" title="Pinealocyte">Pinealocyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpora_arenacea" title="Corpora arenacea">Corpora arenacea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Enteroendocrine cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraganglion" title="Paraganglion">Paraganglia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organ_of_Zuckerkandl" title="Organ of Zuckerkandl">Organ of Zuckerkandl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placenta" title="Placenta">Placenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_endocrine_system" title="Development of the endocrine system">Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_human_endocrine_organs_and_actions" title="List of human endocrine organs and actions">List of human endocrine organs and actions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enteroendocrine_cell&oldid=1212976635">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enteroendocrine_cell&oldid=1212976635</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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