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class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">植物史</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。14种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_historia_plantarum" title="De historia plantarum – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="De historia plantarum" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_(%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%87)" title="হিস্টোরিয়া প্লান্টারাম (থিওফ্রাস্টাসের বই) – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হিস্টোরিয়া প্লান্টারাম (থিওফ্রাস্টাসের বই)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_historia_plantarum" title="De historia plantarum – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="De historia plantarum" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_plantarum_(Theophrastos_von_Eresos)" title="Historia plantarum (Theophrastos von Eresos) – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Historia plantarum (Theophrastos von Eresos)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_Plantarum_(Theophrastus)" title="Historia Plantarum (Theophrastus) – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Historia Plantarum (Theophrastus)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_historia_plantarum" title="De historia plantarum – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="De historia plantarum" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE%DA%86%D9%87_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%AB%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3)" title="تاریخچه گیاهان (ثئوفراستوس) – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تاریخچه گیاهان (ثئوفراستوس)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_plantarum_(Th%C3%A9ophraste)" title="Historia plantarum (Théophraste) – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Historia plantarum (Théophraste)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_plantarum_(Theophrastus)" title="Historia plantarum (Theophrastus) – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Historia plantarum (Theophrastus)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_Plantarum" title="Historia Plantarum – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Historia Plantarum" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_plantarum" title="Historia plantarum – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Historia plantarum" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_Plantarum_(Teofrasto)" title="Historia Plantarum (Teofrasto) – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Historia Plantarum (Teofrasto)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_plantarum" title="Historia plantarum – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Historia plantarum" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peri_fyton_historia" title="Peri fyton historia – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" 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div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#cedeff;">植物史</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:161Theophrastus_161_frontespizio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/161Theophrastus_161_frontespizio.jpg/220px-161Theophrastus_161_frontespizio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="349" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/161Theophrastus_161_frontespizio.jpg/330px-161Theophrastus_161_frontespizio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/161Theophrastus_161_frontespizio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="437" data-file-height="693" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">1644年版本標題頁</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">原名</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">Περὶ φυτῶν ἱστορία</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">作者</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%A5%A7%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E6%96%AF" title="泰奧弗拉斯托斯">泰奧弗拉斯托斯</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">类型</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7725634" class="extiw" title="d:Q7725634">文學作品</a><abbr title="此维基尚无此条目">[*]</abbr></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">语言</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="古希臘語">古希臘語</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#cedeff;;">發行信息</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">出版時間</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">約前350年到前287年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">出版地點</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98" class="mw-redirect" title="古希臘">古希臘</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">页数</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">10卷，現存9卷</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>《<b>植物史</b>》（<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84750655">.mw-parser-output span[lang="grc"],.mw-parser-output .Polytonic{font-family:"SBL BibLit","SBL Greek","New Athena Unicode","EB Garamond","EB Garamond 12","Foulis Greek","Garamond Libre","Noto Sans","Noto Serif","Cardo","Gentium Plus","Gentium Book Plus","Garamond","Palatino Linotype","DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif","FreeSerif","FreeSans","Arial Unicode MS","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande","Code2000",sans-serif}</style><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="古希臘語">古希臘語</a>：<span lang="grc">Περὶ φυτῶν ἱστορία</span>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>：<span lang="la">Historia Plantarum</span>），又譯《<b>植物志</b>》，是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98" class="mw-redirect" title="古希臘">古希臘</a>哲學家<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%A5%A7%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E6%96%AF" title="泰奧弗拉斯托斯">泰奧弗拉斯托斯</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="植物學">植物學</a>著作，內容包含植物的構造、分類、生態與運用。成書時間約在前350年到前287年之間。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="背景"><span id=".E8.83.8C.E6.99.AF"></span>背景</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：背景"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>泰奧弗拉斯托斯是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="亞里斯多德">亞里斯多德</a>的學生與朋友，在亞里斯多德之後接替領導<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%95%E5%88%BB%E6%98%82" title="吕刻昂">呂刻昂</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%8D%E9%81%99%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="逍遙學派">逍遙學派</a>。亞里斯多德的自然史著作主要著重在動物學，包含著名的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E5%BF%97_(%E4%BA%9E%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7)" class="mw-redirect" title="動物志 (亞里斯多德)">動物史</a>》，植物學方面雖有《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="論植物" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="On Plants"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AB%96%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="論植物（页面不存在）">論植物</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Plants" class="extiw" title="en:On Plants"><span lang="en" dir="auto">On Plants</span></a></span>）</span></span>》傳世，但一般認為是偽作。在《植物史》中，泰奧弗拉斯托斯繼承亞里斯多德的哲學方法研究植物。《植物史》簡略的書寫風格也與亞里斯多德的作品類似，一般認為原本應該是講學用的筆記。 </p><p>除了《植物史》，泰奧弗拉斯托斯還有另一植物學著作《植物的本原》（<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84750655"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="古希臘語">古希臘語</a>：<span lang="grc">Περὶ αἰτιῶν φυτικῶν</span>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>：<span lang="la">De causis plantarum</span>），原八卷，現存六卷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="內容"><span id=".E5.85.A7.E5.AE.B9"></span>內容</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：內容"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>《植物史》原書分為十卷，現存九卷，共描述約500種植物。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="第一卷"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.80.E5.8D.B7"></span>第一卷</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：第一卷"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>第一卷內容為植物的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%B8" title="植物解剖學">解剖學</a>與分類。 </p><p>泰奧弗拉斯托斯將植物分為喬木（<span lang="grc">δένδρον</span>）、灌木（<span lang="grc">θάμνος</span>）、小灌木（<span lang="grc">φρύγανον</span>）、草（<span lang="grc">πόα</span>）。他認為這只是一個粗略、不準確的分類，這些類別有時有重疊的地方，而且有些植物在人工栽植的情況下與野生的型態不同。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="第二卷到六卷"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.BA.8C.E5.8D.B7.E5.88.B0.E5.85.AD.E5.8D.B7"></span>第二卷到六卷</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：第二卷到六卷"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>第二到六卷內容以木本植物為主。第二卷描述植物的繁殖。第三卷描述野生喬木的生態。第四卷描述世界各地不同的喬木。 </p><p>第五卷敘述各種木材的性質，以及木材在造船、建築等方面的運用。 </p><p>第六卷內容為小灌木。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="第七卷、第八卷"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.83.E5.8D.B7.E3.80.81.E7.AC.AC.E5.85.AB.E5.8D.B7"></span>第七卷、第八卷</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：第七卷、第八卷"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>第七、第八卷描述各種草本植物，其中第八卷內容為穀物、豆類。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="第九卷"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.B9.9D.E5.8D.B7"></span>第九卷</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：第九卷"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>第九卷內容為<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%A5%E7%94%A8%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="藥用植物">藥用植物</a>，包含<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%B9%E6%B6%B2" title="樹液">樹液</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%B9%E8%84%82" class="mw-redirect" title="樹脂">樹脂</a>與各種藥草，是西方最早的藥用植物著作之一。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="影響"><span id=".E5.BD.B1.E9.9F.BF"></span>影響</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：影響"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>《植物史》是第一個系統性的植物學研究著作，泰奧弗拉斯托斯也因此書被後世稱為「植物學之父」。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E5%B0%BC" title="老普林尼">老普林尼</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E5%BF%97_(%E8%80%81%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E5%B0%BC)" title="博物志 (老普林尼)">自然史</a>》內容多引用《植物史》。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88" class="mw-redirect" title="文藝復興">文藝復興</a>時期植物學家<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%83%88%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E5%88%87%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%E7%9A%AE%E8%AF%BA" title="安德烈亚·切萨尔皮诺">安德烈亞·切薩爾皮諾</a>亦受泰奧弗拉斯托斯影響，其《植物十六書》（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>：<span lang="la">De plantis libri XVI</span>）將植物分為木本與草本，即與《植物史》的分類法雷同。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%A5%A7%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E6%96%AF" title="泰奧弗拉斯托斯">Theophrastus</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/theophrastusenqu0001unse"><span></span><i>Theophrastus: Enquiry into Plants</i><span></span></a>. <a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E5%B8%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E5%8F%A2%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="洛布古典叢書">洛布古典叢書</a>. 由Hort, Arthur翻译. 倫敦與紐約: William Heinemann and G.P. Putnam's Sons. 1916.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%8F%B2&rft.au=Theophrastus&rft.btitle=Theophrastus%3A+Enquiry+into+Plants&rft.date=1916&rft.genre=book&rft.place=%E5%80%AB%E6%95%A6%E8%88%87%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84&rft.pub=William+Heinemann+and+G.P.+Putnam%27s+Sons&rft.series=%E6%B4%9B%E5%B8%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E5%8F%A2%E6%9B%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftheophrastusenqu0001unse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/enquiryintoplant01theouoft">第一冊</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/enquiryintoplant02theouoft">第二冊</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="Template:自然历史"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:自然历史（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:自然历史"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="自然历史" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="自然历史">自然历史</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="center">博物学家<br />先驱</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="古典时代">古典时代</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E9%87%8C%E5%A3%AB%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7" title="亚里士多德">亚里士多德</a> <small>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%BF%97" title="动物志">动物志</a>》</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%A5%A7%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E6%96%AF" title="泰奧弗拉斯托斯">泰奧弗拉斯托斯</a> <small>《<a class="mw-selflink selflink">植物史</a>》</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF" title="埃里亚努斯">埃里亚努斯</a> <small>《论动物本质》</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E5%B0%BC" title="老普林尼">老普林尼</a> <small>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E5%BF%97_(%E8%80%81%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E5%B0%BC)" title="博物志 (老普林尼)">博物志</a>》</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF" title="迪奥斯科里德斯">迪奥斯科里德斯</a> <small>《<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%A5%E7%89%A9%E8%AB%96" title="藥物論">藥物論</a>》</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E5%A4%8D%E5%85%B4" title="文艺复兴">文艺复兴</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%95%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%89" title="加斯帕尔·博安">加斯帕尔·博安</a> <small>《植物描述绘图》</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E4%BC%A6%E8%B4%B9%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF" title="奥托·布伦费尔斯">奥托·布伦费尔斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%BC%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%9A%E5%85%8B" title="希罗尼穆斯·博克">希罗尼穆斯·博克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%83%88%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E5%88%87%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%E7%9A%AE%E8%AF%BA" title="安德烈亚·切萨尔皮诺">安德烈亚·切萨尔皮诺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%8B%92%E7%95%99%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E5%B0%94%E6%9D%9C%E6%96%AF" title="瓦勒留斯·科尔杜斯">瓦勒留斯·科尔杜斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E6%98%82%E5%93%88%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%A6%8F%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF" title="莱昂哈特·福克斯">莱昂哈特·福克斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E7%BA%B3" title="康拉德·格斯纳">康拉德·格斯纳</a> <small>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="动物志 (格斯纳)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Historia animalium (Gessner)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%BF%97_(%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E7%BA%B3)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="动物志 (格斯纳)（页面不存在）">动物志</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_animalium_(Gessner)" class="extiw" title="en:Historia animalium (Gessner)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Historia animalium (Gessner)</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E7%91%9E%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E9%B2%81%E8%B0%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗瑞德里克·鲁谢（页面不存在）">弗瑞德里克·鲁谢</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E7%BA%B3_(%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉·特纳 (博物学家)（页面不存在）">威廉·特纳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%9D%B0%E5%8B%92%E5%BE%B7" title="约翰·杰勒德">约翰·杰勒德</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%9F%E8%92%99%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="啟蒙時代">啟蒙時代</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%83%A1%E5%85%8B" title="罗伯特·胡克">罗伯特·胡克</a> <small>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%BE%E5%BE%AE%E5%9B%BE%E8%B0%B1" title="显微图谱">显微图谱</a>》</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E5%88%87%E6%B4%9B%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E7%9A%AE%E5%90%89" title="马尔切洛·马尔皮吉">马尔切洛·马尔皮吉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%9D%B1%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E8%8C%83%C2%B7%E5%88%97%E6%96%87%E8%99%8E%E5%85%8B" title="安東尼·范·列文虎克">安東尼·范·列文虎克</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E6%B1%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉·德汉（页面不存在）">威廉·德汉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E9%9A%86" title="汉斯·斯隆">汉斯·斯隆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%AC%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E9%BB%98%E4%B8%B9" title="扬·斯瓦默丹">扬·斯瓦默丹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%9E%97%E5%A5%88" title="卡尔·林奈">卡尔·林奈</a> <small>《<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="自然系統">自然系統</a>》</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%92" title="格奥尔格·威廉·斯特勒">格奥尔格·威廉·斯特勒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E7%8F%AD%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF" title="约瑟夫·班克斯">约瑟夫·班克斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E6%B3%95%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E4%B8%98%E6%96%AF" title="约翰·克里斯蒂安·法布里丘斯">约翰·克里斯蒂安·法布里丘斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E9%A1%BF" title="詹姆斯·赫顿">詹姆斯·赫顿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E9%9B%B7" title="约翰·雷">约翰·雷</a> <small>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物史 (雷)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Historia Plantarum (Ray)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%8F%B2_(%E9%9B%B7)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物史 (雷)（页面不存在）">植物史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_Plantarum_(Ray)" class="extiw" title="en:Historia Plantarum (Ray)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Historia Plantarum (Ray)</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB-%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E5%8B%92%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E4%B8%B0" title="乔治-路易·勒克莱尔·德·布丰">乔治-路易·勒克莱尔·德·布丰</a> <small>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自然史 (布丰)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Histoire Naturelle"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%8F%B2_(%E5%B8%83%E4%B8%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自然史 (布丰)（页面不存在）">自然史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoire_Naturelle" class="extiw" title="en:Histoire Naturelle"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Histoire Naturelle</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3%C2%B7%E7%83%AD%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%A1%9E%E4%BD%A9%E5%BE%B7" title="贝尔纳·热尔曼·德·拉塞佩德">贝尔纳·热尔曼·德·拉塞佩德</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%80%80%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="吉尔伯特·怀特（页面不存在）">吉尔伯特·怀特</a> <small>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="塞耳彭自然史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%9E%E8%80%B3%E5%BD%AD%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塞耳彭自然史（页面不存在）">塞耳彭自然史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Natural_History_and_Antiquities_of_Selborne" class="extiw" title="en:The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne"><span lang="en" dir="auto">The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</small></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="托马斯·比伊克" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Thomas Bewick"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%AF%94%E4%BC%8A%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="托马斯·比伊克（页面不存在）">托马斯·比伊克</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Bewick" class="extiw" title="en:Thomas Bewick"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Thomas Bewick</span></a></span>）</span></span> <small>《<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E9%B8%9F%E7%B1%BB%E5%8F%B2" title="英国鸟类史">英国鸟类史</a>》</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A9-%E5%B7%B4%E8%92%82%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B" title="让-巴蒂斯特·拉马克">让-巴蒂斯特·拉马克</a> <small>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="動物哲學">動物哲學</a>》</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="center">19世纪</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E8%92%99%E5%A1%94%E5%8F%A4" title="乔治·蒙塔古">乔治·蒙塔古</a> <small>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="鸟类学词典" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ornithological Dictionary"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%B8%9F%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鸟类学词典（页面不存在）">鸟类学词典</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornithological_Dictionary" class="extiw" title="en:Ornithological Dictionary"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ornithological Dictionary</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E7%B6%AD%E8%91%89" title="喬治·居維葉">喬治·居維葉</a> <small>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="动物界 (书籍)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Le Règne Animal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E7%95%8C_(%E4%B9%A6%E7%B1%8D)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="动物界 (书籍)（页面不存在）">动物界</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_R%C3%A8gne_Animal" class="extiw" title="en:Le Règne Animal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Le Règne Animal</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%AF%86%E6%96%AF_(%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)" title="威廉·史密斯 (地质学家)">威廉·史密斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="查尔斯·达尔文">查尔斯·达尔文</a> <small>《<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90" title="物种起源">物种起源</a>》</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8D%8E%E8%8E%B1%E5%A3%AB" title="阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士">阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士</a> <small>《<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B_(%E4%B8%93%E8%91%97)" title="马来群岛 (专著)">马来群岛</a>》</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E5%85%B9" title="亨利·沃尔特·贝兹">亨利·沃尔特·贝兹</a> <small>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亚马逊河上的博物学家" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="The Naturalist on the River Amazons"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E9%A9%AC%E9%80%8A%E6%B2%B3%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚马逊河上的博物学家（页面不存在）">亚马逊河上的博物学家</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Naturalist_on_the_River_Amazons" class="extiw" title="en:The Naturalist on the River Amazons"><span lang="en" dir="auto">The Naturalist on the River Amazons</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E6%B4%AA%E5%A0%A1" title="亚历山大·冯·洪堡">亚历山大·冯·洪堡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E6%9D%9C%E9%82%A6" title="约翰·詹姆斯·奥杜邦">约翰·詹姆斯·奥杜邦</a> <small>《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E9%B8%9F%E7%B1%BB_(%E4%B9%A6)" title="美国鸟类 (书)">美国鸟类</a>》</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD" title="威廉·布克蘭">威廉·布克蘭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%90%8A%E7%88%BE" title="查爾斯·萊爾">查爾斯·萊爾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E9%BA%97%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E5%AF%A7" title="瑪麗·安寧">瑪麗·安寧</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A9-%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E6%B3%95%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94" title="让-亨利·法布尔">让-亨利·法布尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%8A%A0%E8%A5%BF" title="路易·阿加西">路易·阿加西</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8F%B2%E5%88%A9%E6%B5%A6%C2%B7%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E6%88%88%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="菲利浦·亨利·戈斯（页面不存在）">菲利浦·亨利·戈斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E8%96%A9%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7" title="亞薩·格雷">亞薩·格雷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%9D%B0%E5%85%8B%E9%80%8A%C2%B7%E8%83%A1%E5%85%8B" title="威廉·杰克逊·胡克">威廉·杰克逊·胡克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E9%81%93%E5%B0%94%E9%A1%BF%C2%B7%E8%83%A1%E5%85%8B" title="约瑟夫·道尔顿·胡克">约瑟夫·道尔顿·胡克</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="威廉·贾丁" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sir William Jardine, 7th Baronet"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%B4%BE%E4%B8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉·贾丁（页面不存在）">威廉·贾丁</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_William_Jardine,_7th_Baronet" class="extiw" title="en:Sir William Jardine, 7th Baronet"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sir William Jardine, 7th Baronet</span></a></span>）</span></span> <small>《博物学家的图书馆》</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%B5%B7%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94" title="恩斯特·海克尔">恩斯特·海克尔</a> <small>《<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%95%8C%E7%9A%84%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93%E5%BD%A2%E6%85%8B" title="自然界的藝術形態">自然界的藝術形態</a>》</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%8E%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%8B" title="理查德·莱德克">理查德·莱德克</a> <small>《皇家自然史》</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%BD%98%E5%A5%91%E5%A5%87" title="約瑟夫·潘契奇">約瑟夫·潘契奇</a> <small>《塞爾維亞公國植物誌》</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="center">20世纪</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿博特·汉德森·塞耶" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Abbott Handerson Thayer"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%B1%89%E5%BE%B7%E6%A3%AE%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E8%80%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿博特·汉德森·塞耶（页面不存在）">阿博特·塞耶</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbott_Handerson_Thayer" class="extiw" title="en:Abbott Handerson Thayer"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Abbott Handerson Thayer</span></a></span>）</span></span> <small>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="动物的隐匿色" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Concealing-Coloration in the Animal Kingdom"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E7%9A%84%E9%9A%90%E5%8C%BF%E8%89%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="动物的隐匿色（页面不存在）">动物的隐匿色</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concealing-Coloration_in_the_Animal_Kingdom" class="extiw" title="en:Concealing-Coloration in the Animal Kingdom"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Concealing-Coloration in the Animal Kingdom</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</small></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Hugh B. Cott" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hugh B. Cott"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_B._Cott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugh B. Cott（页面不存在）">休·班福德·科特</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_B._Cott" class="extiw" title="en:Hugh B. Cott"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hugh B. Cott</span></a></span>）</span></span> <small>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="动物的适应性体色" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Adaptive Coloration in Animals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E7%9A%84%E9%80%82%E5%BA%94%E6%80%A7%E4%BD%93%E8%89%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="动物的适应性体色（页面不存在）">动物的适应性体色</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_Coloration_in_Animals" class="extiw" title="en:Adaptive Coloration in Animals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Adaptive Coloration in Animals</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%87%E9%9F%8B" title="羅伯特·里奇韋">羅伯特·里奇韋</a><small>《北美洲和中美洲的鳥類》</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%BB%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%A8" title="尼古拉斯·廷贝亨">尼古拉斯·廷贝亨</a> <small>《论本能》</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%A6%E5%85%B9" title="康拉德·洛伦兹">康拉德·洛伦兹</a> <small>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="攻击与人性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="On Aggression"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BB%E5%87%BB%E4%B8%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="攻击与人性（页面不存在）">攻击与人性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Aggression" class="extiw" title="en:On Aggression"><span lang="en" dir="auto">On Aggression</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C" title="卡尔·冯·弗里希">卡尔·冯·弗里希</a> <small>《跳舞的蜜蜂》</small></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="罗纳德·洛克利" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ronald Lockley"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="罗纳德·洛克利（页面不存在）">罗纳德·洛克利</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Lockley" class="extiw" title="en:Ronald Lockley"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ronald Lockley</span></a></span>）</span></span> <small>《水鸟》</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Naturalist_on_the_River_Amazons_figure_17.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Sceliphron（英语：Sceliphron） wasp building nest"><img alt="Sceliphron（英语：Sceliphron） wasp building nest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Naturalist_on_the_River_Amazons_figure_17.png/85px-Naturalist_on_the_River_Amazons_figure_17.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Naturalist_on_the_River_Amazons_figure_17.png/128px-Naturalist_on_the_River_Amazons_figure_17.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Naturalist_on_the_River_Amazons_figure_17.png/170px-Naturalist_on_the_River_Amazons_figure_17.png 2x" data-file-width="887" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="center">相关主题</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86" title="自然历史博物馆">自然历史博物馆</a> (<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自然历史博物馆列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of natural history museums"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自然历史博物馆列表（页面不存在）">列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_natural_history_museums" class="extiw" title="en:List of natural history museums"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of natural history museums</span></a></span>）</span></span>)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="牧师-博物学家" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Parson-naturalist"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A7%E5%B8%88-%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牧师-博物学家（页面不存在）">牧师-博物学家</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parson-naturalist" class="extiw" title="en:Parson-naturalist"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Parson-naturalist</span></a></span>）</span></span> (<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="牧师-博物学家列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of parson-naturalists"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A7%E5%B8%88-%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牧师-博物学家列表（页面不存在）">列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_parson-naturalists" class="extiw" title="en:List of parson-naturalists"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of parson-naturalists</span></a></span>）</span></span>)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自然历史出版商列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of natural history dealers"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E5%95%86%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自然历史出版商列表（页面不存在）">自然历史出版商列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_natural_history_dealers" class="extiw" title="en:List of natural history dealers"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of natural history dealers</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="生物学史" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="Template:生物学史"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="Template talk:生物学史"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:生物学史"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="生物学史" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="生物学史">生物学史</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">领域和学科</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="自然历史">自然历史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E5%8F%B2" title="农业史">农业史</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="农学史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of agricultural science"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%9C%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="农学史（页面不存在）">农学史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_agricultural_science" class="extiw" title="en:History of agricultural science"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of agricultural science</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物学史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of botany"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物学史（页面不存在）">植物学史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_botany" class="extiw" title="en:History of botany"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of botany</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="医学史">医学史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="解剖学史">解剖学史</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="动物学史 (1859年之前)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of zoology (through 1859)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2_(1859%E5%B9%B4%E4%B9%8B%E5%89%8D)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="动物学史 (1859年之前)（页面不存在）">动物学史 (1859年之前)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_zoology_(through_1859)" class="extiw" title="en:History of zoology (through 1859)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of zoology (through 1859)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="动物学史 (1859年之后)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of zoology (since 1859)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2_(1859%E5%B9%B4%E4%B9%8B%E5%90%8E)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="动物学史 (1859年之后)（页面不存在）">动物学史 (1859年之后)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_zoology_(since_1859)" class="extiw" title="en:History of zoology (since 1859)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of zoology (since 1859)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物分类学史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of plant systematics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物分类学史（页面不存在）">植物分类学史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_plant_systematics" class="extiw" title="en:History of plant systematics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of plant systematics</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古生物学史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of paleontology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古生物学史（页面不存在）">古生物学史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_paleontology" class="extiw" title="en:History of paleontology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of paleontology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="地质学史">地质学史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3%E5%8F%B2" title="演化思想史">演化思想史</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="生态学史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of ecology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生态学史（页面不存在）">生态学史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_ecology" class="extiw" title="en:History of ecology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of ecology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="模式生物史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of model organisms"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="模式生物史（页面不存在）">模式生物史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_model_organisms" class="extiw" title="en:History of model organisms"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of model organisms</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="藻类学史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of phycology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%BB%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="藻类学史（页面不存在）">藻类学史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_phycology" class="extiw" title="en:History of phycology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of phycology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="遗传学史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of genetics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="遗传学史（页面不存在）">遗传学史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_genetics" class="extiw" title="en:History of genetics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of genetics</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="生物化学史">生物化学的历史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2" title="分子生物學史">分子生物學史</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="RNA生物学史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of RNA biology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=RNA%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RNA生物学史（页面不存在）">RNA生物学史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_RNA_biology" class="extiw" title="en:History of RNA biology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of RNA biology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="分子演化学史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of molecular evolution"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="分子演化学史（页面不存在）">分子演化学史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_molecular_evolution" class="extiw" title="en:History of molecular evolution"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of molecular evolution</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="免疫学史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Timeline of immunology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="免疫学史（页面不存在）">免疫学史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_immunology" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of immunology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timeline of immunology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="生物技术史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of biotechnology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生物技术史（页面不存在）">生物技术史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_biotechnology" class="extiw" title="en:History of biotechnology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of biotechnology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HomunculusLarge.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The homonculus"><img alt="The homonculus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/HomunculusLarge.png/60px-HomunculusLarge.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/HomunculusLarge.png/90px-HomunculusLarge.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/HomunculusLarge.png/120px-HomunculusLarge.png 2x" data-file-width="145" data-file-height="580" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">机构</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="洛桑实验站" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rothamsted Research"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%9B%E6%A1%91%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E7%AB%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="洛桑实验站（页面不存在）">洛桑实验站</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rothamsted_Research" class="extiw" title="en:Rothamsted Research"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rothamsted Research</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2" title="巴斯德研究院">巴斯德研究院</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E6%9C%97%E5%85%8B%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A" title="马克斯·普朗克学会">马克斯·普朗克学会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E6%B3%89%E6%B8%AF%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%AE%A4" title="冷泉港實驗室">冷泉港實驗室</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%A2%E5%85%8B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="索克研究所（页面不存在）">索克研究所</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="安东·多恩动物园" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Stazione Zoologica"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%C2%B7%E5%A4%9A%E6%81%A9%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%9B%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安东·多恩动物园（页面不存在）">安东·多恩动物园</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stazione_Zoologica" class="extiw" title="en:Stazione Zoologica"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Stazione Zoologica</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%AE%A4" title="海洋生物学实验室">海洋生物学实验室</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B%E8%8F%B2%E5%8B%92%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="洛克菲勒大學">洛克菲勒大學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8D%E5%85%B9%E9%9C%8D%E5%B0%94%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" title="伍兹霍尔海洋研究所">伍兹霍尔海洋研究所</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%AE%A4" title="分子生物学实验室">分子生物学实验室</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">实验</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E8%8F%B2%E6%96%AF%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" title="格里菲斯實驗">格里菲斯實驗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%8B%92-%E5%B0%A4%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C" title="米勒-尤里实验">米勒-尤里实验</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E7%91%9E%E4%BA%9A-%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94%E5%B8%83%E5%90%95%E5%85%8B%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C" title="卢瑞亚-德尔布吕克实验">卢瑞亚-德尔布吕克实验</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C-%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%8A%B3%E5%BE%B7-%E9%BA%A6%E5%8D%A1%E8%92%82%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C" title="埃弗里-麦克劳德-麦卡蒂实验">埃弗里-麦克劳德-麦卡蒂实验</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E9%9B%AA-%E8%94%A1%E5%8F%B8%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" title="赫雪-蔡司實驗">赫雪-蔡司實驗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E7%91%9F%E7%94%9F%E2%80%93%E5%8F%B2%E9%81%94%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" title="梅瑟生–史達實驗">梅塞尔森-斯塔尔实验</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="克里克与布伦纳等人的实验" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Crick, Brenner et al. experiment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%E4%B8%8E%E5%B8%83%E4%BC%A6%E7%BA%B3%E7%AD%89%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克里克与布伦纳等人的实验（页面不存在）">克里克与布伦纳等人的实验</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crick,_Brenner_et_al._experiment" class="extiw" title="en:Crick, Brenner et al. experiment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Crick, Brenner et al. experiment</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E4%BC%A6%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC-%E9%A9%AC%E7%89%B9%E4%BC%8A%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C" title="尼伦伯格-马特伊实验">尼伦伯格-马特伊实验</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="尼伦伯格和里德的实验" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nirenberg and Leder experiment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E4%BC%A6%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC%E5%92%8C%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼伦伯格和里德的实验（页面不存在）">尼伦伯格和里德的实验</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirenberg_and_Leder_experiment" class="extiw" title="en:Nirenberg and Leder experiment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nirenberg and Leder experiment</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">理论和概念</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%99%BC%E7%94%9F" title="自然發生">自然发生说</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E9%8E%96%E9%8F%88" class="mw-redirect" title="存在鎖鏈">自然阶梯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="拉馬克主義">拉马克学说</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="達爾文主義">达尔文学说</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="疾病的生源说" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Germ theory of disease"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%E7%9A%84%E7%94%9F%E6%BA%90%E8%AF%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="疾病的生源说（页面不存在）">疾病的生源说</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ_theory_of_disease" class="extiw" title="en:Germ theory of disease"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Germ theory of disease</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="一基因一酶假说" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="One gene-one enzyme hypothesis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%80%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E4%B8%80%E9%85%B6%E5%81%87%E8%AF%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="一基因一酶假说（页面不存在）">一基因一酶假说</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_gene-one_enzyme_hypothesis" class="extiw" title="en:One gene-one enzyme hypothesis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">One gene-one enzyme hypothesis</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9D%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E9%AB%94" title="原初生命體">原初生命體</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="序列假说" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sequence hypothesis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%97%E5%81%87%E8%AF%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="序列假说（页面不存在）">序列假说</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence_hypothesis" class="extiw" title="en:Sequence hypothesis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sequence hypothesis</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%B3%95%E5%89%87" title="中心法則">分子生物学的中心法则</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RNA%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%AD%B8%E8%AA%AA" title="RNA世界學說">RNA世界學說</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="古典时代">古典时代</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E9%87%8C%E5%A3%AB%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7" title="亚里士多德">亚里士多德</a> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%BA%E4%BA%A7%E7%94%9F%E5%92%8C%E6%AF%81%E7%81%AD" title="论产生和毁灭">论产生和毁灭</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%BF%97" title="动物志">动物志</a>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%A5%A7%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E6%96%AF" title="泰奧弗拉斯托斯">泰奧弗拉斯托斯</a> <ul><li>《<a class="mw-selflink selflink">植物史</a>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF" title="迪奥斯科里德斯">迪奥斯科里德斯</a> <ul><li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="药物论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="De Materia Medica"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%A5%E7%89%A9%E8%AB%96" title="藥物論">药物论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Materia_Medica" class="extiw" title="en:De Materia Medica"><span lang="en" dir="auto">De Materia Medica</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E5%A4%8D%E5%85%B4" title="文艺复兴">文艺复兴</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3" title="早期现代">近代早期</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%83%88%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E8%90%A8%E7%95%99%E6%96%AF" title="安德烈亚斯·维萨留斯">安德烈亚斯·维萨留斯</a> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E4%BD%93%E7%9A%84%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0" title="人体的构造">人体的构造</a>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E7%BB%B4" title="威廉·哈维">威廉·哈维</a> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E8%A1%80%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E8%AE%BA" title="心血运动论">心血运动论</a>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E5%88%87%E6%B4%9B%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E7%9A%AE%E5%90%89" title="马尔切洛·马尔皮吉">马尔切洛·马尔皮吉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%83%A1%E5%85%8B" title="罗伯特·胡克">罗伯特·胡克</a> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%BE%E5%BE%AE%E5%9B%BE%E8%B0%B1" title="显微图谱">显微图谱</a>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%9D%B1%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E8%8C%83%C2%B7%E5%88%97%E6%96%87%E8%99%8E%E5%85%8B" title="安東尼·范·列文虎克">列文虎克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E5%88%87%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%9B%B7%E8%BF%AA" title="弗朗切斯科·雷迪">弗朗切斯科·雷迪</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18世纪,<br />19世纪</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%9E%97%E5%A5%88" title="卡尔·林奈">卡尔·林奈</a> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="自然系統">自然系統</a>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB-%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E5%8B%92%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E4%B8%B0" title="乔治-路易·勒克莱尔·德·布丰">布丰伯爵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A9-%E5%B7%B4%E8%92%82%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B" title="让-巴蒂斯特·拉马克">让-巴蒂斯特·拉马克</a> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="動物哲學">動物哲學</a>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E7%B6%AD%E8%91%89" title="喬治·居維葉">喬治·居維葉</a> <ul><li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="动物界 (书籍)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Le Règne Animal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E7%95%8C_(%E4%B9%A6%E7%B1%8D)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="动物界 (书籍)（页面不存在）">动物界</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_R%C3%A8gne_Animal" class="extiw" title="en:Le Règne Animal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Le Règne Animal</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E6%B4%AA%E5%A0%A1" title="亚历山大·冯·洪堡">亚历山大·冯·洪堡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%90%8A%E7%88%BE" title="查爾斯·萊爾">查尔斯·莱尔</a> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86" title="地质学原理">地质学原理</a>》</li></ul></li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="创造的自然历史的痕迹" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%9B%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E7%9A%84%E7%97%95%E8%BF%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="创造的自然历史的痕迹（页面不存在）">创造的痕迹</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestiges_of_the_Natural_History_of_Creation" class="extiw" title="en:Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="查尔斯·达尔文">查尔斯·达尔文</a> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90" title="物种起源">物种起源</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E7%9A%84%E7%94%B1%E6%9D%A5" title="人类的由来">人类的由来</a>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8D%8E%E8%8E%B1%E5%A3%AB" title="阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士">阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%BD%98%E5%A5%91%E5%A5%87" title="約瑟夫·潘契奇">約瑟夫·潘契奇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E5%85%B9" title="亨利·沃尔特·贝兹">亨利·沃尔特·贝兹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7%E6%88%88%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%AD%9F%E5%BE%B7%E7%88%BE" title="格雷戈爾·孟德爾">孟德爾</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物杂交试验" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Experiments on Plant Hybridization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E6%9D%82%E4%BA%A4%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物杂交试验（页面不存在）">植物杂交试验</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experiments_on_Plant_Hybridization" class="extiw" title="en:Experiments on Plant Hybridization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Experiments on Plant Hybridization</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7" title="路易·巴斯德">路易·巴斯德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E8%B5%AB" title="罗伯特·科赫">罗伯特·科赫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%B5%B7%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94" title="恩斯特·海克尔">恩斯特·海克尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%90%AC%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E7%94%AB%E6%B4%9B%E5%A4%AB" title="伊萬·巴甫洛夫">巴甫洛夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%A2%E5%B0%94%E7%9B%96%C2%B7%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E8%80%B6%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E8%AF%BA%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA" title="谢尔盖·尼古拉耶维奇·维诺格拉茨基">谢尔盖·维诺格拉茨基</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%B4%9B%E5%B8%83" title="雅克·洛布">雅克·洛布</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E6%88%88%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF" title="胡戈·德弗里斯">胡戈·德弗里斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E6%AF%94%E5%BD%BB%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E9%80%8A" title="埃德蒙·比彻·威尔逊">埃德蒙·比彻·威尔逊</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20世纪</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BA%A8%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%B9" title="托马斯·亨特·摩尔根">托马斯·亨特·摩尔根</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%B7%B4%E6%9E%97" title="亚历山大·奥巴林">亚历山大·奥巴林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E8%8E%B1%E6%98%8E" title="亚历山大·弗莱明">亚历山大·弗莱明</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%87%E9%9F%8B" title="羅伯特·里奇韋">羅伯特·里奇韋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._B._S._%E9%9C%8D%E5%B0%94%E4%B8%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="J. B. S. 霍尔丹">J·B·S·霍尔丹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%91%E5%8E%84%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%B5%96%E7%89%B9" title="休厄尔·赖特">赖特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E7%B4%8D%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E9%BB%98%C2%B7%E8%B2%BB%E9%9B%AA" title="羅納德·愛爾默·費雪">羅納德·費雪</a></li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="孟德尔遗传假定下的亲戚之间的相关性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="The Correlation between Relatives on the Supposition of Mendelian Inheritance"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%9F%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E5%81%87%E5%AE%9A%E4%B8%8B%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%B2%E6%88%9A%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%B4%E7%9A%84%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="孟德尔遗传假定下的亲戚之间的相关性（页面不存在）">孟德尔遗传假定下的亲戚之间的相关性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Correlation_between_Relatives_on_the_Supposition_of_Mendelian_Inheritance" class="extiw" title="en:The Correlation between Relatives on the Supposition of Mendelian Inheritance"><span lang="en" dir="auto">The Correlation between Relatives on the Supposition of Mendelian Inheritance</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88" title="生命是什么">生命是什么?</a>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%A6%E5%85%B9" title="康拉德·洛伦兹">康拉德·洛伦兹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%E6%89%98%E5%85%8B" title="巴巴拉·麦克林托克">巴巴拉·麦克林托克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E5%A5%A5%E5%A4%9A%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E5%A4%9A%E5%B8%83%E7%84%B6%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" title="费奥多西·多布然斯基">费奥多西·多布然斯基</a> <ul><li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="遗传学与物种起源" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Genetics and the Origin of Species"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%8E%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="遗传学与物种起源（页面不存在）">遗传学与物种起源</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetics_and_the_Origin_of_Species" class="extiw" title="en:Genetics and the Origin of Species"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Genetics and the Origin of Species</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%BF%88%E5%B0%94" title="恩斯特·瓦尔特·迈尔">恩斯特·瓦尔特·迈尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E9%9F%A6%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%AF%94%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94" title="乔治·韦尔斯·比德尔">乔治·韦尔斯·比德尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%91%A9%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%E6%B3%BD" title="西摩·本泽">西摩·本泽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E8%8E%8E%E7%90%B3%C2%B7%E5%AF%8C%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97" title="羅莎琳·富蘭克林">羅莎琳·富蘭克林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E5%A8%81%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E6%A3%AE" title="詹姆斯·杜威·沃森">詹姆斯·沃森</a> 与 <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B" title="弗朗西斯·克里克">弗朗西斯·克里克</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B" title="核酸分子結構">核酸分子結構</a></li></ul></li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="镰刀型红血球疾病，一种分子疾病" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sickle Cell Anemia, a Molecular Disease"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%B0%E5%88%80%E5%9E%8B%E7%BA%A2%E8%A1%80%E7%90%83%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%80%E7%A7%8D%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="镰刀型红血球疾病，一种分子疾病（页面不存在）">镰刀型红血球疾病，一种分子疾病</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle_Cell_Anemia,_a_Molecular_Disease" class="extiw" title="en:Sickle Cell Anemia, a Molecular Disease"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sickle Cell Anemia, a Molecular Disease</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%A1%91%E6%A0%BC" title="弗雷德里克·桑格">弗雷德里克·桑格</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E9%B2%81%E8%8C%A8" title="马克斯·佩鲁茨">马克斯·佩鲁茨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%82%AF%E5%BE%B7%E9%B2%81" title="约翰·肯德鲁">约翰·肯德鲁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E4%BC%A6%E7%BA%B3" title="西德尼·布伦纳">西德尼·布伦纳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E8%88%92%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E8%8E%B1%E5%BE%B7%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC" title="乔舒亚·莱德伯格">乔舒亚·莱德伯格</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9" title="沃特·吉爾伯特">沃特·吉爾伯特</a></li> 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