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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Other sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Balthild_seal_matrix" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Balthild_seal_matrix"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Balthild seal matrix</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Balthild_seal_matrix-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chemise_of_Balthild" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemise_of_Balthild"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Chemise of Balthild</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chemise_of_Balthild-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batilda_d%27Ascania" title="Batilda d'Ascania – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Batilda d'Ascania" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Батилда – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Батилда" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathilde_(rouanez_ar_Franked)" title="Bathilde (rouanez ar Franked) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bathilde (rouanez ar Franked)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathilda_d%27Asc%C3%A0nia" title="Bathilda d'Ascània – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bathilda d'Ascània" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balthilda" title="Balthilda – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Balthilda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathilde" title="Bathilde – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bathilde" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batilda_de_Chelles" title="Batilda de Chelles – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Batilda de Chelles" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathilde" title="Bathilde – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bathilde" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batildis" title="Batildis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Batildis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batilde_(regina_di_Neustria)" title="Batilde (regina di Neustria) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Batilde (regina di Neustria)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A1" title="בלדכילדיס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בלדכילדיס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batilde" title="Batilde – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Batilde" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szent_Bathildisz" title="Szent Bathildisz – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szent Bathildisz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathildis" title="Bathildis – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bathildis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Awi%C4%99ta_Batylda" title="Święta Batylda – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Święta Batylda" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batilda" title="Batilda – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Batilda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Батильда – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Батильда" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batilda" title="Batilda – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Batilda" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balthild" title="Balthild – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Balthild" data-language-autonym="Svenska" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wife of Clovis II, Queen consort of Burgundy and Neustria, Christian saint</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bathilde_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Bathilde (disambiguation)">Bathilde</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;background-color:gold;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="display:inline;font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;">Saint</div><br /><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Balthild</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Bathild.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Saint_Bathild.jpg/200px-Saint_Bathild.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Saint_Bathild.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="291" data-file-height="280" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A medieval depiction of Balthild</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">626 or 627</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">680-01-30</span>)</span>30 January 680 (aged 52–54)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venerated in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox Church</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">Canonized</a></th><td class="infobox-data">c. 860 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_I" title="Pope Nicholas I">Pope Nicholas I</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Major <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">shrine</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chelles_Abbey" title="Chelles Abbey">Abbey of Chelles</a> outside of <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Feast</a></th><td class="infobox-data">The new Roman martyrology says her feast day is January 30, as it was celebrated in France.<sup id="cite_ref-Attwater_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Attwater-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Balthild</b> (c. 626 – 30 January 680) (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɔː/: 'au' in 'fraud'">ɔː</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Old_English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old English language">Old English</a>: <i lang="ang">Bealdhild</i>, 'bold sword' or 'bold spear),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also spelled <b>Bathilda</b>, <b>Bauthieult</b> or <b>Baudour</b>, was <a href="/wiki/Queen_consort" title="Queen consort">queen consort</a> of <a href="/wiki/Neustria" title="Neustria">Neustria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burgundy" title="Burgundy">Burgundy</a> by marriage to <a href="/wiki/Clovis_II" title="Clovis II">Clovis II</a>, the King of Neustria and Burgundy (639–658), and regent during the minority of her son, <a href="/wiki/Chlothar_III" title="Chlothar III">Chlothar III</a>. Her <a href="/wiki/Hagiography" title="Hagiography">hagiography</a> was intended to further her successful candidature for sainthood.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tradition represents her as an <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon">Anglo-Saxon</a> who was originally of noble birth, perhaps a relative of <a href="/wiki/Ricberht_of_East_Anglia" title="Ricberht of East Anglia">Ricberht of East Anglia</a>, the last <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_paganism" title="Anglo-Saxon paganism">pagan</a> king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_East_Anglia" title="Kingdom of East Anglia">East Anglia</a>, although Pierre Fournet regards this as doubtful.<sup id="cite_ref-Fournet_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fournet-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ricberht was ousted by <a href="/wiki/Sigeberht_of_East_Anglia" title="Sigeberht of East Anglia">Sigeberht</a>, who had spent time as an exile in the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frankish</a> court, during which he had converted to <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>. Sigeberht was established as the rightful heir to the throne with Frankish help. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hagiographic_tradition">Hagiographic tradition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balthild_of_Chelles&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Hagiographic tradition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <i>Vita S. Bathildis</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNamaraWhateleyHalborg1996264_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNamaraWhateleyHalborg1996264-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Balthild was born circa 626–627. She was beautiful, intelligent, modest and attentive to the needs of others. Balthild was sold into <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a> as a young girl and served in the household of <a href="/wiki/Erchinoald" title="Erchinoald">Erchinoald</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_the_palace" title="Mayor of the palace">mayor of the palace</a> of Neustria to Clovis. Erchinoald, whose wife had died, was attracted to Balthild and wanted to marry her, but she did not want to marry him. She hid herself away and waited until Erchinoald had remarried. Later, possibly because of Erchinoald, Clovis noticed her and asked for her hand in marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheuwsDe_Jongvan_Rhijn2001255_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETheuwsDe_Jongvan_Rhijn2001255-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadigan199860_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadigan199860-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Even as queen, Balthild remained humble and modest. She is famous for her charitable service and generous donations. From her donations, the <a href="/wiki/Abbey" title="Abbey">abbeys</a> of <a href="/wiki/Corbie_Abbey" title="Corbie Abbey">Corbie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chelles_Abbey" title="Chelles Abbey">Chelles</a> were founded; it is likely that others such as <a href="/wiki/Jumi%C3%A8ges_Abbey" title="Jumièges Abbey">Jumièges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jouarre_Abbey" title="Jouarre Abbey">Jouarre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luxeuil_Abbey" title="Luxeuil Abbey">Luxeuil</a> were also founded by the queen. She provided support for <a href="/wiki/Claudius_of_Besan%C3%A7on" title="Claudius of Besançon">Claudius of Besançon</a> and his abbey in the <a href="/wiki/Jura_Mountains" title="Jura Mountains">Jura Mountains</a>. </p><p>Balthild bore Clovis three children, all of whom became kings: <a href="/wiki/Clotaire_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Clotaire III">Clotaire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Childeric_II" title="Childeric II">Childeric</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theuderic_III" title="Theuderic III">Theuderic</a>. </p><p>When Clovis died (between 655 and 658), his eldest son Clotaire succeeded to the throne. His mother Balthild acted as the queen regent. As queen, she was a capable stateswoman. She abolished the practice of trading Christian slaves and strove to free children who had been sold into slavery. Balthild and Eligius, according to Dado, "worked together on their favourite charity, the buying and freeing of slaves".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a power struggle with mayor <a href="/wiki/Ebroin" title="Ebroin">Ebroin</a>, Balthild withdrew to her favourite Abbey of Chelles near Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-Fournet_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fournet-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Balthild died on 30 January 680 and was buried at the Abbey of Chelles, east of <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>. Her <i><a href="/wiki/Hagiography" title="Hagiography">Vita</a></i> was written soon after her death, probably by one of the community of Chelles. The <i>Vita Baldechildis/Vita Bathildis reginae Francorum</i> in <i>Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores Rerum Merovincarum</i>, as with most of the <i>vitae</i> of royal <a href="/wiki/Merovingian" class="mw-redirect" title="Merovingian">Merovingian</a>-era saints, provides some useful details for the historian. Her official cult began when her remains were transferred from the former abbey to a new church, in 833, under the auspices of <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis the Pious</a>. Balthild was <a href="/wiki/Canonised" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonised">canonised</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_I" title="Pope Nicholas I">Pope Nicholas I</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Fournet_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fournet-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> around 200 years after her death. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_sources">Other sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balthild_of_Chelles&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Other sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Sainted Women of the Dark Ages</i> states that Balthild "was not the first Merovingian queen to begin her career in servitude".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNamaraWhateleyHalborg1996264–278_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNamaraWhateleyHalborg1996264–278-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Merovingian_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery in Merovingian France">Other Merovingian queens who arose from servile status</a> include <a href="/wiki/Fredegund" title="Fredegund">Fredegund</a>, the mother of <a href="/wiki/Clothaire_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Clothaire II">Clothaire II</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bilichild" title="Bilichild">Bilichild</a>, the wife of Theudebert of Austrasia; and possibly <a href="/wiki/Nanthild" title="Nanthild">Nanthild</a>, the mother of <a href="/wiki/Clovis_II" title="Clovis II">Clovis II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNamaraWhateleyHalborg1996264_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNamaraWhateleyHalborg1996264-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, research has shown that the slavery of Balthild was probably an invention and that she in fact belonged to an upper-class Anglo-Saxon family.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHartmann200982_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHartmann200982-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the minority of <a href="/wiki/Clotaire_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Clotaire III">Clotaire III</a>, she had to deal with the attempted coup of <a href="/wiki/Grimoald_the_Elder" title="Grimoald the Elder">Grimoald</a>, the major domus of Austrasia, but she enjoyed the continued support of her former master Erchinoald, who became a sort of 'political mentor' to her throughout her marriage to Clovis II.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNamaraWhateleyHalborg1996265_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNamaraWhateleyHalborg1996265-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to some historians, Balthild's creation of and involvement with monasteries was perhaps an act to "balance or even neutralize the efforts of the aristocratic opposition".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNamaraWhateleyHalborg199626_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNamaraWhateleyHalborg199626-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By installing her supporters as bishops of different sees, she gained even greater power as a ruler. </p><p>According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Vita_Sancti_Wilfrithi" title="Vita Sancti Wilfrithi">Vita Sancti Wilfrithi</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_of_Ripon" title="Stephen of Ripon">Stephen of Ripon</a>, Bathild was a ruthless ruler, in conflict with the bishops and perhaps responsible for several assassinations.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the bishop she so famously murdered, Dalfinus, is not listed as a bishop of Lyon. The story may have been written to embellish the life of Wilfrid.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A fragment of an apron thought to have belonged to Balthild is taken by scholars as evidence for her piety and frugality. Her devotion to her faith and forsaking of luxury is evident from a cross embroidered on the apron in silk, rather than gold thread.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Balthild_seal_matrix">Balthild seal matrix</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balthild_of_Chelles&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Balthild seal matrix"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baldehilde_seal_from_ring_A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Baldehilde_seal_from_ring_A.jpg/120px-Baldehilde_seal_from_ring_A.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Baldehilde_seal_from_ring_A.jpg/180px-Baldehilde_seal_from_ring_A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Baldehilde_seal_from_ring_A.jpg/240px-Baldehilde_seal_from_ring_A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1486" data-file-height="1760" /></a><figcaption>The Balthild seal matrix</figcaption></figure> <p>A gold <a href="/wiki/Seal_(emblem)" title="Seal (emblem)">seal matrix</a>, which was originally attached to a seal-ring, was uncovered in 1999 by a <a href="/wiki/Metal_detector" title="Metal detector">metal detector</a> in a field in <a href="/wiki/Postwick_with_Witton" title="Postwick with Witton">Postwick</a>, 4.5 miles (7.2 km) east of <a href="/wiki/Norwich" title="Norwich">Norwich</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Norfolk" title="Norfolk">Norfolk</a>. One side shows a woman's face and her name <i>BALDAHILDIS</i> in Frankish lettering. The other side portrays two naked figures, a man and a woman, embracing one another beneath a cross.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Merovingian Gaul, one side of the seal was intended to be used with official documents. The other side would have been used only for private papers. It is uncertain why the seal matrix came to East Anglia. It may have been a gift, or a representative of Balthild may have worn it as a form of identification. It has also been suggested that the seal matrix was returned to Balthild's kin after she died.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Fouracre" title="Paul Fouracre">Paul Fouracre</a> of the University of Manchester speculated that the seal may belong to a different Baldahildis entirely.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The seal matrix is in the keeping of the <a href="/wiki/Norwich_Castle_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwich Castle Museum">Norwich Castle Museum</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chemise_of_Balthild">Chemise of Balthild</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balthild_of_Chelles&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Chemise of Balthild"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Balthild's ornate <a href="/wiki/Chemise" title="Chemise">chemise</a> both expresses her dedication to the church, as well as her status as a queen to <a href="/wiki/Clovis_II" title="Clovis II">Clovis II</a>. The sleeveless tabard was likely crafted by either Balthid herself, or nuns of <a href="/wiki/Chelles_Abbey" title="Chelles Abbey">Chelles Abbey</a>, and measures 84 centimetres (33 in) wide and 117 centimetres (46 in) tall.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It intended to loosely hang over the front and back of the body<sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> over a dress, although the back portion is currently lost. The garment consists of simple linen as a gesture of humility towards the church, as linen was a fabric commonly worn by lower classes of the time. The silken details make up a large bejewelled Christian cross 17.5 centimetres (6.9 in) tall,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> small human and bird portraits, as well as several patterned rings around the collar mimicking studded golden necklaces.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These embroidered necklaces were sewn in the exact likeness of the jewellery Balthild wore during her status as queen, and were also a symbol of Balthild's devotion, trading her actual jewellery for sewn replica as a member of Chelles Abbey. </p><p>There are conflicting claims on this history of this garment, centred on whether it was ever worn by Balthild herself in life, in death, or at all. The common argument is that it was a burial shirt<sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that followed Balthild into her tomb. This is challenged by claims that the shirt was worn frequently by Balthild during her life in service at Chelles but not during her death.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These arguments have surfaced due to the dubious history of the dress and Balthild's body, which have been disturbed multiple times muddying attempts at accurate documentation. Balthild's body and dress have been relocated two documented times. The first time they were moved, they were moved behind the Chelles Abbey altar as relics<sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 833, likely in hopes of attracting Christians on <a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage" title="Pilgrimage">pilgrimages</a>. The dress was said to be found once again hidden inside a sixteenth-century <a href="/wiki/Reliquary" title="Reliquary">reliquary</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in attempts of saving it from destruction during the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balthild_of_Chelles&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">February 12 / January 30. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.holytrinityorthodox.com/htc/orthodox-calendar/">https://www.holytrinityorthodox.com/htc/orthodox-calendar/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Attwater-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Attwater_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John. <i>The Penguin Dictionary of Saints</i>. 3rd edition. New York: Penguin Books, 1993. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-051312-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-051312-4">0-14-051312-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatkins2015" class="citation book cs1">Watkins, Basil (19 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yzqOCgAAQBAJ&dq=Balthild+january+680&pg=PT163"><i>The Book of Saints: A Comprehensive Biographical Dictionary</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 163. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-66415-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-567-66415-0"><bdi>978-0-567-66415-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Saints%3A+A+Comprehensive+Biographical+Dictionary&rft.pages=163&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2015-11-19&rft.isbn=978-0-567-66415-0&rft.aulast=Watkins&rft.aufirst=Basil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyzqOCgAAQBAJ%26dq%3DBalthild%2Bjanuary%2B680%26pg%3DPT163&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalthild+of+Chelles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeary2010" class="citation book cs1">Geary, Patrick (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sXZi1cYsPowC&dq=AmbushofGeary&pg=PA153"><i>Readings in Medieval History</i></a> (Fourth ed.). Toronto: University of Toronto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781442601208" title="Special:BookSources/9781442601208"><bdi>9781442601208</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Readings+in+Medieval+History&rft.place=Toronto&rft.edition=Fourth&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781442601208&rft.aulast=Geary&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsXZi1cYsPowC%26dq%3DAmbushofGeary%26pg%3DPA153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalthild+of+Chelles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fournet-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fournet_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fournet_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fournet_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFournet1907" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Fournet, Pierre Auguste (1907). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/St._Bathilde" class="extiw" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/St. Bathilde">St. Bathilde</a>". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=St.+Bathilde&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1907&rft.aulast=Fournet&rft.aufirst=Pierre+Auguste&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalthild+of+Chelles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNamaraWhateleyHalborg1996264-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNamaraWhateleyHalborg1996264_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNamaraWhateleyHalborg1996264_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcNamaraWhateleyHalborg1996">McNamara, Whateley & Halborg 1996</a>, p. 264.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETheuwsDe_Jongvan_Rhijn2001255-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETheuwsDe_Jongvan_Rhijn2001255_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTheuwsDe_Jongvan_Rhijn2001">Theuws, De Jong & van Rhijn 2001</a>, p. 255.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadigan199860-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadigan199860_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMadigan1998">Madigan 1998</a>, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/eligius.asp">"The Life of St. Eligius"</a>. Medieval Sourcebook. Translated by Jo Ann McNamara. Fordham University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+St.+Eligius&rft.series=Medieval+Sourcebook&rft.pub=Fordham+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fordham.edu%2Fhalsall%2Fbasis%2Feligius.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalthild+of+Chelles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/forgetfuloft_schu_1998_000_5601595">Schulenburg, Jane. <i>Forgetful of their Sex: Female Sanctity and Society, ca. 500–1100</i>, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNamaraWhateleyHalborg1996264–278-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNamaraWhateleyHalborg1996264–278_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcNamaraWhateleyHalborg1996">McNamara, Whateley & Halborg 1996</a>, pp. 264–278.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHartmann200982-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHartmann200982_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHartmann2009">Hartmann 2009</a>, p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNamaraWhateleyHalborg1996265-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNamaraWhateleyHalborg1996265_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcNamaraWhateleyHalborg1996">McNamara, Whateley & Halborg 1996</a>, p. 265.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNamaraWhateleyHalborg199626-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNamaraWhateleyHalborg199626_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcNamaraWhateleyHalborg1996">McNamara, Whateley & Halborg 1996</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a> reported that <a href="/wiki/Aunemundus" class="mw-redirect" title="Aunemundus">Aunemundus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Lyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Lyon">bishop of Lyon</a>, was assassinated at her instigation in 658.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmithSmithWace1877" class="citation book cs1">Smith, William; Smith, William George; Wace, Henry (1877). <i>A Dictionary of Christian biography, literature, sects and doctrines</i>. London: William Clowes and Sons.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Christian+biography%2C+literature%2C+sects+and+doctrines&rft.place=London&rft.pub=William+Clowes+and+Sons&rft.date=1877&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Smith%2C+William+George&rft.au=Wace%2C+Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalthild+of+Chelles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEarenfight2013" class="citation book cs1">Earenfight, Theresa (2013). <i>Queenship in Medieval Europe</i>. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-2302-7646-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-2302-7646-8"><bdi>978-0-2302-7646-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Queenship+in+Medieval+Europe&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-2302-7646-8&rft.aulast=Earenfight&rft.aufirst=Theresa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalthild+of+Chelles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/SRE4UrwySnWbvBQrsHJoVg">"Personal seal matrix of Queen Balthild"</a>. <i>A History of the World</i>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110626130212/http://www.bbc.co.uk:80/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/SRE4UrwySnWbvBQrsHJoVg">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+History+of+the+World&rft.atitle=Personal+seal+matrix+of+Queen+Balthild&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fahistoryoftheworld%2Fobjects%2FSRE4UrwySnWbvBQrsHJoVg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalthild+of+Chelles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFouracre2016" class="citation web cs1">Fouracre, Paul (2 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uomhistory.com/2016/11/02/unravelling-the-mystery-of-queen-balthild-professor-paul-fouracre-on-a-ring-that-sparked-a-lot-of-head-scratching/">"Unravelling the mystery of Queen Balthild"</a>. <i>Manchester History</i>. University of Manchester History Department. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161223071001/https://uomhistory.com/2016/11/02/unravelling-the-mystery-of-queen-balthild-professor-paul-fouracre-on-a-ring-that-sparked-a-lot-of-head-scratching/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Manchester+History&rft.atitle=Unravelling+the+mystery+of+Queen+Balthild&rft.date=2016-11-02&rft.aulast=Fouracre&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuomhistory.com%2F2016%2F11%2F02%2Funravelling-the-mystery-of-queen-balthild-professor-paul-fouracre-on-a-ring-that-sparked-a-lot-of-head-scratching%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalthild+of+Chelles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFda_Silva2017" class="citation thesis cs1">da Silva, Renato Rodrigues (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181206102515/https://lra.le.ac.uk/handle/2381/39990"><i>The Aristocracy of Northumbria in the Long Eighth-Century: Production, Circulation, Consumption</i></a> (PhD thesis). 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lra.le.ac.uk/handle/2381/39990">the original</a> on 6 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Aristocracy+of+Northumbria+in+the+Long+Eighth-Century%3A+Production%2C+Circulation%2C+Consumption&rft.degree=PhD&rft.inst=School+of+Historical+Studies&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=da+Silva&rft.aufirst=Renato+Rodrigues&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flra.le.ac.uk%2Fhandle%2F2381%2F39990&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalthild+of+Chelles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGajewski2015" class="citation journal cs1">Gajewski, Alexandra (18 November 2015). "Having her hand in it? Elite women as 'makers' of textile art in the Middle Ages". <i>Journal of Medieval History</i>. <b>42</b>: 26–50. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03044181.2015.1106970">10.1080/03044181.2015.1106970</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146125088">146125088</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medieval+History&rft.atitle=Having+her+hand+in+it%3F+Elite+women+as+%27makers%27+of+textile+art+in+the+Middle+Ages&rft.volume=42&rft.pages=26-50&rft.date=2015-11-18&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03044181.2015.1106970&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146125088%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Gajewski&rft.aufirst=Alexandra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalthild+of+Chelles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSowerby2017" class="citation journal cs1">Sowerby, Richard (10 July 2017). "The Social Life of Hagiography in the Merovingian Kingdom. By Kreiner, Jamie. Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought: Fourth Series 96. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2014. xii + 329 pp. £65. ISBN 978 1 107 05065 5". <i>Early Medieval Europe</i>. <b>25</b> (3): 399–401. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Femed.12222">10.1111/emed.12222</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1468-0254">1468-0254</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Early+Medieval+Europe&rft.atitle=The+Social+Life+of+Hagiography+in+the+Merovingian+Kingdom.+By+Kreiner%2C+Jamie.+Cambridge+Studies+in+Medieval+Life+and+Thought%3A+Fourth+Series+96.+Cambridge%3A+Cambridge+University+Press.+2014.+xii+%2B+329+pp.+%C2%A365.+ISBN+978+1+107+05065+5.&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=399-401&rft.date=2017-07-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Femed.12222&rft.issn=1468-0254&rft.aulast=Sowerby&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalthild+of+Chelles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balthild_of_Chelles&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartmann2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hartmann, Martina (2009). <i>Die Königin im frühen Mittelalter</i> (in German). Stuttgart: Kohlhammer. pp. 82–85.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+K%C3%B6nigin+im+fr%C3%BChen+Mittelalter&rft.place=Stuttgart&rft.pages=82-85&rft.pub=Kohlhammer&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Hartmann&rft.aufirst=Martina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalthild+of+Chelles" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNamaraWhateleyHalborg1996" class="citation book cs1">McNamara, Jo Ann; Whateley, John E.; Halborg, E. Gordon (1996). <i>Sainted Women of the Dark Ages</i>. Duke University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780822312161" title="Special:BookSources/9780822312161"><bdi>9780822312161</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sainted+Women+of+the+Dark+Ages&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780822312161&rft.aulast=McNamara&rft.aufirst=Jo+Ann&rft.au=Whateley%2C+John+E.&rft.au=Halborg%2C+E.+Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalthild+of+Chelles" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadigan1998" class="citation book cs1">Madigan, Shawn (1998). <i>Mystics, Visionaries, and Prophets: a Historical Anthology of Women's Spiritual Writings</i>. Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780800634209" title="Special:BookSources/9780800634209"><bdi>9780800634209</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mystics%2C+Visionaries%2C+and+Prophets%3A+a+Historical+Anthology+of+Women%27s+Spiritual+Writings&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pub=Augsburg+Fortress&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780800634209&rft.aulast=Madigan&rft.aufirst=Shawn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalthild+of+Chelles" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTheuwsDe_Jongvan_Rhijn2001" class="citation book cs1">Theuws, Frans; De Jong, Mayke; van Rhijn, Carine (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QIWJZ7mAMJQC&q=Topographies+of+power+in+the+early+Middle+Ages"><i>Topographies of Power in the Early Middle Ages</i></a>. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11734-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11734-1"><bdi>978-90-04-11734-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Topographies+of+Power+in+the+Early+Middle+Ages&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Koninklijke+Brill&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-90-04-11734-1&rft.aulast=Theuws&rft.aufirst=Frans&rft.au=De+Jong%2C+Mayke&rft.au=van+Rhijn%2C+Carine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQIWJZ7mAMJQC%26q%3DTopographies%2Bof%2Bpower%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bearly%2BMiddle%2BAges&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalthild+of+Chelles" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebster" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Webster_(art_historian)" title="Leslie Webster (art historian)">Webster, Leslie</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100512174905/http://www.culture.gov.uk/images/publications/treasurerep_199899Pt3.pdf">"57. Norwich area, Norfolk: Gold swivelling bezel from a Frankish seal-ring"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Treasure Annual Report 1998 – 1999</i>. Department of Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culture.gov.uk/images/publications/treasurerep_199899Pt3.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 12 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Treasure+Annual+Report+1998+%E2%80%93+1999&rft.atitle=57.+Norwich+area%2C+Norfolk%3A+Gold+swivelling+bezel+from+a+Frankish+seal-ring&rft.aulast=Webster&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.culture.gov.uk%2Fimages%2Fpublications%2Ftreasurerep_199899Pt3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalthild+of+Chelles" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balthild_of_Chelles&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>J.L. Nelson, "Queens as Jezebels: the careers of Brunhild and Balthild in Merovingian history" <i>Medieval Women</i>, D. Baker, ed. (1978) pp 31–77.</li> <li>Alexander Callander Murray, ed. <i>From Roman to Merovingian Gaul: A Reader</i> (in series Readings in Medieval Civilizations and Cultures), 1999. Chapter 14 ""Sanctity and politics in the time of Balthild and her sons"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balthild_of_Chelles&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Saint_Bathild" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Saint Bathild">Saint Bathild</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pase.ac.uk/jsp/persons/CreatePersonFrames.jsp?personKey=17887">Balthild 1</a> at <a href="/wiki/Prosopography_of_Anglo-Saxon_England" title="Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England">Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England</a>; also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pase.ac.uk/jsp/persons/CreatePersonFrames.jsp?personKey=18616">Balthild 2</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061116100000/http://www.siefar.org/DictionnaireSIEFAR/SFBathilde.html">Société Internationale pour l'Etude des Femmes de l'Ancien Régime:Bathildis</a> (French)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927134037/http://www.museums.norfolk.gov.uk/Whats_On/Virtual_Exhibitions/Anglo_Saxon_and_Viking_Gallery_Trail/Bathild_Seal_Matrix/index.htm">"Balthild seal matrix"</a>, Norfolk Museums & Archaeology Service.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ourorthodoxlife.blogspot.com/2010/12/saint-bathildis.html">Detailed biography of Saint Bathildis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ourorthodoxlife.blogspot.com/2010/12/vita-sanctae-bathildis.html">Vita Sanctae Bathildis</a> Official hagiography in translated to English</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:French_consorts" title="Template:French consorts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:French_consorts" title="Template talk:French consorts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:French_consorts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:French consorts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Royal_consorts_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Royal consorts of France</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Frankish_queens" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Frankish queens">List of Frankish queens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_royal_consorts" title="List of French royal consorts">List of French royal consorts</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_dynasty" title="Merovingian dynasty">Merovingians</a> (509–751)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clotilde" title="Clotilde">Clotilde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultragotha" title="Ultragotha">Ultragotha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guntheuc" title="Guntheuc">Guntheuc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radegund" title="Radegund">Radegund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingund" title="Ingund">Ingund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aregund" title="Aregund">Aregund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingoberga" title="Ingoberga">Ingoberga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merofleda" title="Merofleda">Merofleda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcovefa" title="Marcovefa">Marcovefa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theudechild" title="Theudechild">Theudechild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austregilde" title="Austregilde">Austregilde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audovera" title="Audovera">Audovera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galswintha" title="Galswintha">Galswintha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredegund" title="Fredegund">Fredegund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunhilda_of_Austrasia" title="Brunhilda of Austrasia">Brunhilda of Austrasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrude" title="Bertrude">Bertrude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichilde" title="Sichilde">Sichilde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomentrude" title="Gomentrude">Gomentrude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanthild" title="Nanthild">Nanthild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragintrudis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ragintrudis">Ragintrudis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfefundis" class="mw-redirect" title="Wulfefundis">Wulfefundis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertechildis" class="mw-redirect" title="Bertechildis">Bertechildis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Balthild of Chelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilichild_(wife_of_Childeric_II)" title="Bilichild (wife of Childeric II)">Bilichild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrothildis" title="Chrothildis">Chrothildis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingians</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Robertians" title="Robertians">Robertians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bosonids" title="Bosonids">Bosonids</a> (751–987)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bertrada_of_Laon" title="Bertrada of Laon">Bertrada of Laon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerberga,_wife_of_Carloman_I" title="Gerberga, wife of Carloman I">Gerberga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desiderata_of_the_Lombards" title="Desiderata of the Lombards">Desiderata of the Lombards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_(queen)" title="Hildegard (queen)">Hildegard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fastrada" title="Fastrada">Fastrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luitgard_(Frankish_queen)" title="Luitgard (Frankish queen)">Luitgard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermengarde_of_Hesbaye" title="Ermengarde of Hesbaye">Ermengarde of Hesbaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_of_Bavaria_(died_843)" title="Judith of Bavaria (died 843)">Judith of Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermentrude_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Ermentrude of Orléans">Ermentrude of Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richilde_of_Provence" title="Richilde of Provence">Richilde of Provence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_of_Paris" title="Adelaide of Paris">Adelaide of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richardis" title="Richardis">Richardis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odrate_of_Troyes" title="Théodrate of Troyes">Théodrate of Troyes</a><sup><i>R</i></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederuna" title="Frederuna">Frederuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadgifu_of_Wessex" title="Eadgifu of Wessex">Eadgifu of Wessex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_of_Vermandois" title="Beatrice of Vermandois">Beatrice of Vermandois</a><sup><i>R</i></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_of_France" title="Emma of France">Emma of France</a><sup><i>B</i></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerberga_of_Saxony" title="Gerberga of Saxony">Gerberga of Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_of_Italy" title="Emma of Italy">Emma of Italy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Capet" title="House of Capet">House of Capet</a> (987–1328)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_of_Aquitaine" title="Adelaide of Aquitaine">Adelaide of Aquitaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozala_of_Italy" title="Rozala of Italy">Rozala of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertha_of_Burgundy" title="Bertha of Burgundy">Bertha of Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_of_Arles" title="Constance of Arles">Constance of Arles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_Frisia" title="Matilda of Frisia">Matilda of Frisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Kiev" title="Anne of Kiev">Anne of Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertha_of_Holland" title="Bertha of Holland">Bertha of Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrade_of_Montfort" title="Bertrade of Montfort">Bertrade of Montfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_of_Maurienne" title="Adelaide of Maurienne">Adelaide of Maurienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Aquitaine" title="Eleanor of Aquitaine">Eleanor of Aquitaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_of_Castile" title="Constance of Castile">Constance of Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adela_of_Champagne" title="Adela of Champagne">Adela of Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Hainault" title="Isabella of Hainault">Isabella of Hainault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingeborg_of_Denmark,_Queen_of_France" title="Ingeborg of Denmark, Queen of France">Ingeborg of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Merania" title="Agnes of Merania">Agnes of Merania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_of_Castile" title="Blanche of Castile">Blanche of Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Provence" title="Margaret of Provence">Margaret of Provence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Aragon,_Queen_of_France" title="Isabella of Aragon, Queen of France">Isabella of Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_of_Brabant,_Queen_of_France" title="Marie of Brabant, Queen of France">Marie of Brabant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_I_of_Navarre" title="Joan I of Navarre">Joan I of Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Burgundy,_Queen_of_France" title="Margaret of Burgundy, Queen of France">Margaret of Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clementia_of_Hungary" title="Clementia of Hungary">Clementia of Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_II,_Countess_of_Burgundy" title="Joan II, Countess of Burgundy">Joan II, Countess of Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_of_Burgundy" title="Blanche of Burgundy">Blanche of Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_of_Luxembourg,_Queen_of_France" title="Marie of Luxembourg, Queen of France">Marie of Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_%C3%89vreux" title="Joan of Évreux">Joan of Évreux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Valois" title="House of Valois">House of Valois</a> (1328–1589)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joan_the_Lame" title="Joan the Lame">Joan of Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_of_Navarre,_Queen_of_France" title="Blanche of Navarre, Queen of France">Blanche of Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_I,_Countess_of_Auvergne" title="Joan I, Countess of Auvergne">Joan I, Countess of Auvergne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_of_Bourbon" title="Joanna of Bourbon">Joanna of Bourbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabeau_of_Bavaria" title="Isabeau of Bavaria">Isabeau of Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_of_Anjou" title="Marie of Anjou">Marie of Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_of_Savoy" title="Charlotte of Savoy">Charlotte of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Brittany" title="Anne of Brittany">Anne of Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_France,_Duchess_of_Berry" title="Joan of France, Duchess of Berry">Joan of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Tudor,_Queen_of_France" title="Mary Tudor, Queen of France">Mary Tudor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_of_France" title="Claude of France">Claude of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Austria" title="Eleanor of Austria">Eleanor of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_de%27_Medici" title="Catherine de' Medici">Catherine de' Medici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Mary, Queen of Scots">Mary Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Austria,_Queen_of_France" title="Elisabeth of Austria, Queen of France">Elisabeth of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_of_Lorraine" title="Louise of Lorraine">Louise of Lorraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><i><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">House of Lancaster</a></i> <i>(1422–1453)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou" title="Margaret of Anjou">Margaret of Anjou</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a> (1589–1792)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Valois" title="Margaret of Valois">Margaret of Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_de%27_Medici" title="Marie de' Medici">Marie de' Medici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Austria" title="Anne of Austria">Anne of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Spain" title="Maria Theresa of Spain">Maria Theresa of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Leszczy%C5%84ska" title="Marie Leszczyńska">Marie Leszczyńska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette" title="Marie Antoinette">Marie Antoinette</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bonaparte" title="House of Bonaparte">House of Bonaparte</a> (1804–1814; 1815)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9phine_de_Beauharnais" title="Joséphine de Beauharnais">Joséphine de Beauharnais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise,_Duchess_of_Parma" title="Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma">Marie Louise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a> (1814–1815; 1815–1830)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Marie_Jos%C3%A9phine_of_Savoy" title="Marie Joséphine of Savoy">Marie Joséphine of Savoy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marie-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se,_Duchess_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Marie-Thérèse, Duchess of Angoulême">Marie-Thérèse</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="House of Orléans">House of Orléans</a> (1830–1848)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Amalia_of_Naples_and_Sicily" title="Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily">Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bonaparte" title="House of Bonaparte">House of Bonaparte</a> (1852–1870)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A9nie_de_Montijo" title="Eugénie de Montijo">Eugénie de Montijo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Consorts to debatable or disputed rulers are in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/197754496">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1807057/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvMFcw67bHJC6dcyRCbBP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119418347">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr94003466">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb135153209">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb135153209">BnF 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