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(PDF) Assessing the risk of ship hull collapse due to collision
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{"work":{"id":49181904,"created_at":"2021-06-09T02:36:02.206-07:00","from_world_paper_id":170279146,"updated_at":"2024-11-28T21:31:11.422-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","ai_title_tag":"Risk Assessment of Ship Hull Collapse Post-Collision","grobid_abstract":"This study proposes a method for assessing the risk of ship hull collapse following a collision. A probabilistic approach is applied to establish the relationship between the exceedance probability of collision versus the residual ultimate strength index. A set of credible collision scenarios which represent the entire range of possible collision accidents is selected using a sampling technique based on probability density distributions of influencing parameters. The amount and location of collision damage for selected individual collision scenarios are characterised using the LS-DYNA nonlinear finite element method. The ultimate hull girder strength of a ship with predefined collision damage is then calculated using the ALPS/HULL intelligent supersize finite element method. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method, applied examples are given, involving collisions with a hypothetical Suezmaxclass double-hull oil tanker. Based on the results, design formulations for predicting the residual strength index of damaged ship hulls are derived in an empirical manner. The examples show that the proposed method will be very useful for evaluating the risk of collapse of a ship's hull after sustaining collision damage, which may contribute to a collision risk-based design (RBD) framework. Moreover, the method will be useful in rescue and salvage operations immediately after a collision by permitting a rapid assessment of the structural safety of a damaged ship.","publication_date":"2015,,","publication_name":"Ships and Offshore Structures","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"67566582"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Assessing the risk of ship hull collapse due to collision","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [118321805]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":67566582,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Assessing the risk of ship hull collapse due to collision”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/67566582/mini_magick20210609-19628-vmf18s.png?1623231483" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Assessing the risk of ship hull collapse due to collision</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="118321805" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MuhammadFaisal968"><img alt="Profile image of Muhammad Faisal" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/118321805/58213693/46442025/s65_muhammad.faisal.jpg" />Muhammad Faisal</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2015, Ships and Offshore Structures</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">27 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 49181904; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">This study proposes a method for assessing the risk of ship hull collapse following a collision. A probabilistic approach is applied to establish the relationship between the exceedance probability of collision versus the residual ultimate strength index. A set of credible collision scenarios which represent the entire range of possible collision accidents is selected using a sampling technique based on probability density distributions of influencing parameters. The amount and location of collision damage for selected individual collision scenarios are characterised using the LS-DYNA nonlinear finite element method. The ultimate hull girder strength of a ship with predefined collision damage is then calculated using the ALPS/HULL intelligent supersize finite element method. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method, applied examples are given, involving collisions with a hypothetical Suezmaxclass double-hull oil tanker. Based on the results, design formulations for predicting the residual strength index of damaged ship hulls are derived in an empirical manner. The examples show that the proposed method will be very useful for evaluating the risk of collapse of a ship's hull after sustaining collision damage, which may contribute to a collision risk-based design (RBD) framework. Moreover, the method will be useful in rescue and salvage operations immediately after a collision by permitting a rapid assessment of the structural safety of a damaged ship.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":67566582,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/49181904/Assessing_the_risk_of_ship_hull_collapse_due_to_collision"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":67566582,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/49181904/Assessing_the_risk_of_ship_hull_collapse_due_to_collision"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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The procedure is adjustable and applicable to other ship types and scenarios.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A procedure to optimize ship side structures for crashworthiness","attachmentId":42513210,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/16356779/A_procedure_to_optimize_ship_side_structures_for_crashworthiness","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/16356779/A_procedure_to_optimize_ship_side_structures_for_crashworthiness"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="56528880" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/56528880/Probabilistic_analysis_of_damage_stability_of_ships_based_on_metamodels">Probabilistic analysis of damage stability of ships based on metamodels</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="120176564" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PetarGeorgiev13">Petar Georgiev</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Probabilistic analysis of damage stability of ships based on metamodels","attachmentId":71871619,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/56528880/Probabilistic_analysis_of_damage_stability_of_ships_based_on_metamodels","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/56528880/Probabilistic_analysis_of_damage_stability_of_ships_based_on_metamodels"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="43998190" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43998190/DEVELOPMENT_OF_A_NEW_METHOD_FOR_ASSESSMENT_OF_SAFETY_OF_SHIPS_IN_DAMAGED_CONDITIONS_WITH_USE_OF_THE_MATHEMATICAL_RISK_CALCULATION_MODEL">DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW METHOD FOR ASSESSMENT OF SAFETY OF SHIPS IN DAMAGED CONDITIONS WITH USE OF THE MATHEMATICAL RISK CALCULATION MODEL</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10368488" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PiotrSzulczewski">Piotr Szulczewski</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">There is a need for developing improved methods of evaluating the safety of cargo ships that would quantify and assess the ship safety more comprehensively than current methods and further allow for a more direct comparison of ship designs safety-wise so that safety could become one of the goals of design process. This newly developed method will not only have to allow for effective determination of ship safety, but also should meet expectations from various industries. This paper presents an alternative approach to safety of ships in damaged conditions, which when further verified and evaluated, could serve as a useful tool for designers and ship operators alike. It was shown that a computationally efficient quasi-dynamic method that addresses the main drawbacks of current regulations can be formulated for evaluating the exact risk levels at any stage of vessel's life.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW METHOD FOR ASSESSMENT OF SAFETY OF SHIPS IN DAMAGED CONDITIONS WITH USE OF THE MATHEMATICAL RISK CALCULATION MODEL","attachmentId":64330448,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43998190/DEVELOPMENT_OF_A_NEW_METHOD_FOR_ASSESSMENT_OF_SAFETY_OF_SHIPS_IN_DAMAGED_CONDITIONS_WITH_USE_OF_THE_MATHEMATICAL_RISK_CALCULATION_MODEL","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/43998190/DEVELOPMENT_OF_A_NEW_METHOD_FOR_ASSESSMENT_OF_SAFETY_OF_SHIPS_IN_DAMAGED_CONDITIONS_WITH_USE_OF_THE_MATHEMATICAL_RISK_CALCULATION_MODEL"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="66390740" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66390740/Probabilistic_Structural_Analysis_of_Ship_Hull_Longitudinal_Strength">Probabilistic Structural Analysis of Ship Hull Longitudinal Strength</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="162617415" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JDaidola">John Daidola</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1980</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">: Existing probabilistic structural design methods are reviewed, their applicability to ship hull structural design considered and the most promising probabilistic analysis techniques are identified. The current state of knowledge concerning structural modes of failure and load distribution is considered with respect to its impact on probabilistic structural analyses. The emphasis is on longitudinal strength considerations. Factors influencing strength, in terms of uncertainties in ship strength distribution, are reviewed. Different methods are proposed to obtain coefficients of variation for various types of data on the uncertainties. Sample calculations are performed for a number of ships using an approximate probabilistic method and yielding safety margins for each. This method requires that only the coefficients of variation of the strength and load be known. A computer program is developed to perform this calculation for any ship subjected to any load or mode of failure. (Author)</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Probabilistic Structural Analysis of Ship Hull Longitudinal Strength","attachmentId":77600590,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/66390740/Probabilistic_Structural_Analysis_of_Ship_Hull_Longitudinal_Strength","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/66390740/Probabilistic_Structural_Analysis_of_Ship_Hull_Longitudinal_Strength"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="78889447" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78889447/A_comparison_of_methods_for_evaluating_structure_during_ship_collisions">A comparison of methods for evaluating structure during ship collisions</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="162617415" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JDaidola">John Daidola</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1996</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A comparison is provided of the results of various methods for evaluating structure during a ship-to-ship collision. The baseline vessel utilized in the analyses is a 67.4 meter in length displacement hull struck by an identical vessel traveling at speeds ranging from 10 to 30 knots. The structural response of the struck vessel and motion of both the struck and striking vessels are assessed by finite element analysis. These same results are then compared to predictions utilizing the {open_quotes}Tanker Structural Analysis for Minor Collisions{close_quotes} (TSAMC) Method, the Minorsky Method, the Haywood Collision Process, and comparison to full-scale tests. Consideration is given to the nature of structural deformation, absorbed energy, penetration, rigid body motion, and virtual mass affecting the hydrodynamic response. Insights are provided with regard to the calibration of the finite element model which was achievable through utilizing the more empirical analyses and the extent ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A comparison of methods for evaluating structure during ship collisions","attachmentId":85774352,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/78889447/A_comparison_of_methods_for_evaluating_structure_during_ship_collisions","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/78889447/A_comparison_of_methods_for_evaluating_structure_during_ship_collisions"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="72013997" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72013997/Ultimate_Longitudinal_Strength_Based_Safety_and_Reliability_Assessment_of_Ships_Hull_Girder">Ultimate Longitudinal Strength-Based Safety and Reliability Assessment of Ship's Hull Girder</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="68459092" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JeomPaik">Jeom Paik</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Japan, 1990</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">An attempt is made to investigate into a practical assessment procedure to evaluate the safety and reliability of ships on the basis of the ultimate longitudinal strength of ship's hull girder. The external bending moment acting on the hull girder is assumed by using an existing rule of classification society. The ultimate longitudinal strength is analyzed by idealized structural unit method, in which a structural model for plate element subjected to biaxial load is formulated by idealizing the actual nonlinear behaviour of the element taking account of the influence of initial imperfections as well as the interaction effect between the local and overall buckling of the structure. The central safety factor of the hull girder is evaluated by dividing the external bending moment into the ultimate bending moment. The reliability assessment is made by using Cornel's second-moment method. The proposed safety and reliability assessment procedure is then applied as an example to evaluate the central safety factor and the safety index of a double skin tanker. The influence of initial deflection, welding residual stress and the yield stress on the safety and reliability of the hull girder under sagging and hogging moment is investigated. The stiffening effect of the longitudinal girder and side stringer is also discussed.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ultimate Longitudinal Strength-Based Safety and Reliability Assessment of Ship's Hull Girder","attachmentId":81116912,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/72013997/Ultimate_Longitudinal_Strength_Based_Safety_and_Reliability_Assessment_of_Ships_Hull_Girder","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/72013997/Ultimate_Longitudinal_Strength_Based_Safety_and_Reliability_Assessment_of_Ships_Hull_Girder"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="90986940" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/90986940/Simulating_the_collision_response_of_ship_side_structures_A_failure_criteria_benchmark_study">Simulating the collision response of ship side structures: A failure criteria benchmark study</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="245862088" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JoepBroekhuijsen">Joep Broekhuijsen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International shipbuilding progress, 2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Simulations of the collision response of three different ship side structures are performed using the finite element method. The aim is to obtain a force-penetration curve based on the inner mechanics without considering outer dynamics. Respective structures were previously tested in large scale under the right angle ship-ship collision with a bulbous bow and these experiments were used to validate the simulations. The analysis focus is to determine the influence on the collision results from different failure criteria including the mesh size sensitivity. This paper applies the Germanischer Lloyd (GL) criterion based on thru thickness plastic strain, the criterion based on studies of Peschmann and the Rice-Tracey and Crockcroft-Latham (RTCL) criterion. The comparison of results attained here with the experimental results brings an insight into the sensitivity of the failure criteria. The final conclusion of this work is the performance of the studied failure criteria and further gui...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Simulating the collision response of ship side structures: A failure criteria benchmark study","attachmentId":94399553,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/90986940/Simulating_the_collision_response_of_ship_side_structures_A_failure_criteria_benchmark_study","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/90986940/Simulating_the_collision_response_of_ship_side_structures_A_failure_criteria_benchmark_study"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":67566582,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":67566582,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_67566582" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="60642877" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60642877/A_comparative_method_for_scaling_SOLAS_collision_damage_distributions_based_on_ship_crashworthiness_application_to_probabilistic_damage_stability_analysis_of_a_passenger_ship">A comparative method for scaling SOLAS collision damage distributions based on ship crashworthiness – application to probabilistic damage stability analysis of a passenger ship</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" 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ships</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34245936" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DracosVassalos">Dracos Vassalos</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 2022</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Critical damages identification in a multi-level damage stability assessment framework for passenger ships","attachmentId":110395661,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/113437015/Critical_damages_identification_in_a_multi_level_damage_stability_assessment_framework_for_passenger_ships","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span 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href="https://tkk.academia.edu/AlanKlanac">Alan Klanac</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Optimization of crashworthy marine structures","attachmentId":253606,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/182598/Optimization_of_crashworthy_marine_structures","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/182598/Optimization_of_crashworthy_marine_structures"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="54391983" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/54391983/Reliability_based_structural_design_of_ships_using_load_and_resistance_factor_design_approach">Reliability-based structural design of ships using load and resistance factor design approach</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="175673747" href="https://lums.academia.edu/BILALAYUB">BILAL AYUB</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Ship Structure Committee Report, 2000</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Reliability-based structural design of 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