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id="toc-Grunge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britpop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britpop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Britpop </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britpop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indie_rock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indie_rock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Indie rock </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indie_rock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-rock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-rock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Post-rock </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-rock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_trends" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_trends"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Other trends </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_trends-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000s:_Diversification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000s:_Diversification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 2000s: Diversification </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-2000s:_Diversification-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 2000s: Diversification subsection </button> <ul id="toc-2000s:_Diversification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Post-grunge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-grunge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Post-grunge </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-grunge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-Britpop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Britpop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Post-Britpop </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-Britpop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third-wave_ska" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third-wave_ska"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Third-wave ska </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third-wave_ska-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-punk_revival_and_garage_rock_revival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-punk_revival_and_garage_rock_revival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Post-punk revival and garage rock revival </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-punk_revival_and_garage_rock_revival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Emo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_trends_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_trends_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 Other trends </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_trends_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010–present:_The_future" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010–present:_The_future"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 2010–present: The future </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-2010–present:_The_future-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 2010–present: The future subsection </button> <ul id="toc-2010–present:_The_future-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Trends_of_the_2010s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trends_of_the_2010s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Trends of the 2010s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trends_of_the_2010s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alternative_pop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternative_pop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Alternative pop </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alternative_pop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Alternative rock</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 67 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" > 67 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%83_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84" title="روك بديل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روك بديل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_alternativu" title="Rock alternativu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Rock alternativu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternativ_rok" title="Alternativ rok – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Alternativ rok" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95" title="অল্টারনেটিভ রক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অল্টারনেটিভ রক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Альтэрнатыўны рок – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Альтэрнатыўны рок" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Альтэрнатыўны рок – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Альтэрнатыўны рок" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Алтернативен рок – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алтернативен рок" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternativni_rok" title="Alternativni rok – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Alternativni rok" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_alternatiu" title="Rock alternatiu – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rock alternatiu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternativn%C3%AD_rock" title="Alternativní rock – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alternativní rock" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternativ_rock" title="Alternativ rock – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Alternativ rock" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_Rock" title="Alternative Rock – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alternative Rock" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternatiivrokk" title="Alternatiivrokk – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Alternatiivrokk" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BA" title="Εναλλακτική ροκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εναλλακτική ροκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_alternativo" title="Rock alternativo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rock alternativo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternativa_rokmuziko" title="Alternativa rokmuziko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alternativa rokmuziko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_alternatibo" title="Rock alternatibo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Rock alternatibo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="آلترناتیو راک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلترناتیو راک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_alternatif" title="Rock alternatif – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rock alternatif" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rac_malartach" title="Rac malartach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Rac malartach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_alternativo" title="Rock alternativo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rock alternativo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%96%BC%ED%84%B0%EB%84%88%ED%8B%B0%EB%B8%8C_%EB%A1%9D" title="얼터너티브 록 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="얼터너티브 록" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%BE_%D5%BC%D5%B8%D6%84" title="Ալտերնատիվ ռոք – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալտերնատիվ ռոք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternativni_rock" title="Alternativni rock – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Alternativni rock" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musik_rok_alternatif" title="Musik rok alternatif – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Musik rok alternatif" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_alternative" title="Rock alternative – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Rock alternative" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%B0arrokk" title="Jaðarrokk – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jaðarrokk" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_alternativo" title="Rock alternativo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rock alternativo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A7_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99" title="רוק אלטרנטיבי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוק אלטרנטיבי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ალტერნატიული როკი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალტერნატიული როკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%82%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Альтернативті рок – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Альтернативті рок" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternat%C4%ABvais_roks" title="Alternatīvais roks – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Alternatīvais roks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_Rock" title="Alternative Rock – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Alternative Rock" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternatyvusis_rokas" title="Alternatyvusis rokas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Alternatyvusis rokas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternat%C3%ADv_rock" title="Alternatív rock – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alternatív rock" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Алтернативен рок – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Алтернативен рок" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%83_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84" title="روك بديل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روك بديل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_alternatif" title="Rock alternatif – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rock alternatif" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Альтернатив рок – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Альтернатив рок" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="Alternative rock" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternatieve_rock" title="Alternatieve rock – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alternatieve rock" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95" title="अल्टर्नेटिभ रक – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अल्टर्नेटिभ रक" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BF%E3%83%8A%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B4%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="オルタナティヴ・ロック – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オルタナティヴ・ロック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternativ_rock" title="Alternativ rock – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alternativ rock" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternativ_rock" title="Alternativ rock – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Alternativ rock" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternativ_rok" title="Alternativ rok – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Alternativ rok" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_alternatywny" title="Rock alternatywny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rock alternatywny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_alternativo" title="Rock alternativo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rock alternativo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_alternativ" title="Rock alternativ – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rock alternativ" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Альтернативный рок – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Альтернативный рок" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_Alternative" title="Rock Alternative – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rock Alternative" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Alternative rock" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternat%C3%ADvny_rock" title="Alternatívny rock – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Alternatívny rock" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternativni_rock" title="Alternativni rock – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Alternativni rock" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%DA%B5%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%95%D8%AA%DA%A4_%DA%95%DB%86%DA%A9" title="ئاڵتەرنەتڤ ڕۆک – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئاڵتەرنەتڤ ڕۆک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Алтернативни рок – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Алтернативни рок" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternativni_rock" title="Alternativni rock – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Alternativni rock" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaihtoehtorock" title="Vaihtoehtorock – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vaihtoehtorock" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternativ_rock" title="Alternativ rock – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alternativ rock" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Alternative rock" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81" title="ออลเทอร์นาทิฟร็อก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ออลเทอร์นาทิฟร็อก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternatif_rock" title="Alternatif rock – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alternatif rock" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Альтернативний рок – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Альтернативний рок" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Alternative rock" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A6%E7%B1%BB%E6%91%87%E6%BB%9A" title="另类摇滚 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="另类摇滚" data-language-autonym="吴语" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the radio format associated with this genre, see <a href="/wiki/Modern_rock" title="Modern rock">Modern rock</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Alternative rock</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Alternative music</li> <li>alt-rock</li> <li>alternative</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">Punk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">post-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">new wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_punk" title="Hardcore punk">hardcore punk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultural origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">Late 1970s to early 1980s, United States and United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Derivative forms</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_country" title="Alternative country">Alternative country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_hip_hop" title="Alternative hip hop">alternative hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_R%26B" title="Alternative R&B">alternative R&B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-psychedelia" title="Neo-psychedelia">neo-psychedelia</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_grunge_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Soft grunge music">soft grunge</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Subgenres</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britpop" title="Britpop">Britpop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_alternative_rock" title="Christian alternative rock">Christian alternative rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_rock" title="College rock">college rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dream_pop" title="Dream pop">dream pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emo" title="Emo">emo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geek_rock" title="Geek rock">geek rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grunge" title="Grunge">grunge</a><a href="#cite_note-allmusic_grunge-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_rock" title="Indie rock">indie rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangle_pop" title="Jangle pop">jangle pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Math_rock" title="Math rock">math rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_pop" title="Noise pop">noise pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_gaze" title="Nu gaze">nu gaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Britpop" title="Post-Britpop">post-Britpop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-grunge" title="Post-grunge">post-grunge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riot_grrrl" title="Riot grrrl">riot grrrl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-punk_revival" title="Post-punk revival">post-punk revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-rock" title="Post-rock">post-rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoegaze" title="Shoegaze">shoegaze</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Fusion genres</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_dance" title="Alternative dance">Alternative dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_R%26B" title="Alternative R&B">alternative R&B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_metal" title="Alternative metal">alternative metal</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Local scenes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ireland" title="Music of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Athens,_Georgia" title="Music of Athens, Georgia">Athens, Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_York_City" title="Music of New York City">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Illinois" title="Music of Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_in_Leeds#Alternative_rock" title="Music in Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Los_Angeles" title="Music of Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madchester" title="Madchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Massachusetts" title="Music of Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Minnesota" title="Music of Minnesota">Minneapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Oregon" title="Music of Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Seattle" title="Music of Seattle">Seattle, Washington</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Other topics</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campus_radio" title="Campus radio">Campus radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_rock" title="Gothic rock">gothic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_music" title="Independent music">independent music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_music_scene" title="Indie music scene">indie music scene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_pop" title="Indie pop">indie pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_rock" title="Industrial rock">industrial rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lollapalooza" title="Lollapalooza">Lollapalooza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_rock" title="Noise rock">noise rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_punk" class="mw-redirect" title="Pop punk">pop punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-hardcore" title="Post-hardcore">post-hardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">progressive rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ska_punk" title="Ska punk">ska punk</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> Alternative rock (also known as alternative music, alt-rock or simply alternative) is a category of <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a> music that evolved from the <a href="/wiki/Independent_music" title="Independent music">independent music</a> underground of the 1970s. Alternative rock acts achieved mainstream success in the 1990s with the likes of the <a href="/wiki/Grunge" title="Grunge">grunge</a> subgenre in the United States, and the <a href="/wiki/Britpop" title="Britpop">Britpop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shoegaze" title="Shoegaze">shoegaze</a> subgenres in the United Kingdom and Ireland. During this period, many record labels were looking for "alternatives", as many <a href="/wiki/Arena_rock" title="Arena rock">corporate rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hard_rock" title="Hard rock">hard rock</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Glam_metal" title="Glam metal">glam metal</a> acts from the 1980s were beginning to grow stale throughout the <a href="/wiki/Music_industry" title="Music industry">music industry</a>. The emergence of <a href="/wiki/Generation_X" title="Generation X">Generation X</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">cultural</a> force in the 1990s also contributed greatly to the rise of alternative rock. "Alternative" refers to the genre's distinction from mainstream or <a href="/wiki/Arena_rock" title="Arena rock">commercial rock</a> or pop. The term's original meaning was broader, referring to musicians influenced by the musical style or independent, <a href="/wiki/DIY_ethic" class="mw-redirect" title="DIY ethic">DIY</a> ethos of late-1970s <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a>.<a href="#cite_note-altguitar-4">[4]</a> Traditionally, alternative rock varied in terms of its sound, social context, and regional roots. Throughout the 1980s, magazines and <a href="/wiki/Zine" title="Zine">zines</a>, <a href="/wiki/College_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="College radio">college radio</a> <a href="/wiki/Airplay" title="Airplay">airplay</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Word_of_mouth" title="Word of mouth">word of mouth</a> had increased the prominence and highlighted the diversity of alternative rock's distinct styles (and music scenes), such as <a href="/wiki/Noise_pop" title="Noise pop">noise pop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indie_rock" title="Indie rock">indie rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grunge" title="Grunge">grunge</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shoegaze" title="Shoegaze">shoegaze</a>. In September 1988, <a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a> introduced "alternative" into their charting system to reflect the rise of the format across radio stations in the United States by stations like <a href="/wiki/KROQ-FM" title="KROQ-FM">KROQ-FM</a> in Los Angeles and <a href="/wiki/WFME-FM" title="WFME-FM">WDRE-FM</a> in New York, which were playing music from more <a href="/wiki/Underground_music" title="Underground music">underground</a>, independent, and non-commercial rock artists.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Initially, several alternative styles achieved minor mainstream notice and a few bands, such as <a href="/wiki/R.E.M." title="R.E.M.">R.E.M.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jane%27s_Addiction" title="Jane's Addiction">Jane's Addiction</a>, were signed to <a href="/wiki/Major_labels" class="mw-redirect" title="Major labels">major labels</a>. Most alternative bands at the time, like <a href="/wiki/The_Smiths" title="The Smiths">the Smiths</a>, one of the key British alternative rock bands during the 1980s, remained signed to <a href="/wiki/Independent_label" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent label">independent labels</a> and received relatively little attention from mainstream radio, television, or newspapers. With the breakthrough of <a href="/wiki/Nirvana_(band)" title="Nirvana (band)">Nirvana</a> and the popularity of the grunge and <a href="/wiki/Britpop" title="Britpop">Britpop</a> movements in the 1990s, alternative rock entered the musical mainstream, and many alternative bands became successful. Emo found mainstream success in the 2000s with multi-platinum acts such as <a href="/wiki/Fall_Out_Boy" title="Fall Out Boy">Fall Out Boy</a>, <a href="/wiki/My_Chemical_Romance" title="My Chemical Romance">My Chemical Romance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paramore_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramore (band)">Paramore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Panic!_at_the_Disco" title="Panic! at the Disco">Panic! at the Disco</a>. Bands such as <a href="/wiki/The_White_Stripes" title="The White Stripes">the White Stripes</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Strokes" title="The Strokes">the Strokes</a> found commercial success in the early 2000s, influencing an influx of new alternative rock bands that drew inspiration from <a href="/wiki/Garage_rock" title="Garage rock">garage rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">post-punk</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">new wave</a>, establishing a <a href="/wiki/Post-punk_revival" title="Post-punk revival">revival</a> of the genres. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin_of_term">Origin of term</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alternative_rock&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin of term">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Live_Chili_Cookoff_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Live_Chili_Cookoff_2008.jpg/220px-Live_Chili_Cookoff_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Live_Chili_Cookoff_2008.jpg/330px-Live_Chili_Cookoff_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Live_Chili_Cookoff_2008.jpg/440px-Live_Chili_Cookoff_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2564" data-file-height="1923" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Live_(band)" title="Live (band)">Live</a>, an alternative rock band from <a href="/wiki/York,_Pennsylvania" title="York, Pennsylvania">York, Pennsylvania</a>, performing in May 2008</figcaption></figure> In the past, popular music tastes were largely dictated by music executives within large entertainment corporations. Record companies signed contracts with those entertainers who were thought to become the most popular, and therefore who could generate the most sales. These bands were able to record their songs in expensive studios, and their works were then offered for sale through record store chains that were owned by the entertainment corporations, along with eventually selling the merchandise into <a href="/wiki/Big_box_retailers" class="mw-redirect" title="Big box retailers">big box retailers</a>. Record companies worked with radio and television companies to get the most exposure for their artists. The people making the decisions were business people dealing with music as a product, and those bands who were not making the expected sales figures were then excluded from this system.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Before the term alternative rock came into common usage around 1990, the sorts of music to which it refers were known by a variety of terms.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAzerrad2001446-8">[8]</a> In 1979, <a href="/wiki/Terry_Tolkin" title="Terry Tolkin">Terry Tolkin</a> used the term Alternative Music to describe the groups he was writing about.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAzerrad2001-9">[9]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] In 1979 Dallas radio station <a href="/wiki/KBFB" title="KBFB">KZEW</a> had a late night <a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">new wave</a> show entitled "Rock and Roll Alternative".<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> "<a href="/wiki/College_rock" title="College rock">College rock</a>" was used in the United States to describe the music during the 1980s due to its links to the <a href="/wiki/Campus_radio" title="Campus radio">college radio</a> circuit and the tastes of college students.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds2006391-11">[11]</a> In the United Kingdom, dozens of small <a href="/wiki/DIY_ethic" class="mw-redirect" title="DIY ethic">do it yourself</a> record labels emerged as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Punk_subculture" title="Punk subculture">punk subculture</a>. According to the founder of one of these labels, <a href="/wiki/Cherry_Red_Records" title="Cherry Red Records">Cherry Red</a>, <a href="/wiki/NME" title="NME">NME</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sounds_(magazine)" title="Sounds (magazine)">Sounds</a> magazines published charts based on small record stores called "Alternative Charts". The first national chart based on distribution called the <a href="/wiki/UK_Indie_Chart" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Indie Chart">Indie Chart</a> was published in January 1980; it immediately succeeded in its aim to help these labels. At the time, the term indie was used literally to describe independently distributed records.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> By 1985, indie had come to mean a particular genre, or group of subgenres, rather than simply distribution status.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds2006391-11">[11]</a> The use of the term alternative to describe rock music originated around the mid-1980s;<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> at the time, the common music industry terms for cutting-edge music were <a href="/wiki/Post-punk#History" title="Post-punk">new music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Postmodern_music" title="Postmodern music">postmodern</a>, respectively indicating freshness and a tendency to recontextualize sounds of the past.<a href="#cite_note-altguitar-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds2006338-14">[14]</a> A similar term, alternative pop, emerged around 1985.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> In 1987, <a href="/wiki/Spin_(magazine)" title="Spin (magazine)">Spin</a> magazine categorized <a href="/wiki/College_rock" title="College rock">college rock</a> band <a href="/wiki/Camper_Van_Beethoven" title="Camper Van Beethoven">Camper Van Beethoven</a> as "alternative/indie", saying that their 1985 song "Where the Hell Is Bill" (from <a href="/wiki/Telephone_Free_Landslide_Victory" title="Telephone Free Landslide Victory">Telephone Free Landslide Victory</a>) "called out the alternative/independent scene and dryly tore it apart."<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Lowery_(musician)" title="David Lowery (musician)">David Lowery</a>, then frontman of Camper Van Beethoven, later recalled: "I remember first seeing that word applied to us... The nearest I could figure is that we seemed like a punk band, but we were playing pop music, so they made up this word alternative for those of us who do that."<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> DJs and promoters during the 1980s claim the term originates from American <a href="/wiki/FM_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="FM radio">FM radio</a> of the 1970s, which served as a progressive alternative to <a href="/wiki/Top_40" title="Top 40">top 40</a> <a href="/wiki/Radio_format" title="Radio format">radio formats</a> by featuring longer songs and giving DJs more freedom in song selection. According to one former DJ and promoter, "Somehow this term 'alternative' got rediscovered and heisted by <a href="/wiki/Campus_radio" title="Campus radio">college radio</a> people during the 80s who applied it to new post-punk, indie, or underground-whatever music."<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> At first the term referred to intentionally non-mainstream rock acts that were not influenced by "heavy metal ballads, rarefied new wave" and "high-energy dance anthems".<a href="#cite_note-1997Definition-19">[19]</a> Usage of the term would broaden to include <a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">new wave</a>, pop, <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">post-punk</a>, and occasionally "<a href="/wiki/College_rock" title="College rock">college</a>"/"<a href="/wiki/Indie_rock" title="Indie rock">indie</a>" rock, all found on the American "commercial alternative" radio stations of the time such as Los Angeles' <a href="/wiki/KROQ-FM" title="KROQ-FM">KROQ-FM</a>. Journalist Jim Gerr wrote that Alternative also encompassed variants such as "rap, trash, metal and industrial".<a href="#cite_note-gerr-20">[20]</a> The bill of the first <a href="/wiki/Lollapalooza" title="Lollapalooza">Lollapalooza</a>, an itinerant festival in North America conceived by <a href="/wiki/Jane%27s_Addiction" title="Jane's Addiction">Jane's Addiction</a> frontman <a href="/wiki/Perry_Farrell" title="Perry Farrell">Perry Farrell</a>, reunited "disparate elements of the alternative rock community" including <a href="/wiki/Henry_Rollins" title="Henry Rollins">Henry Rollins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Butthole_Surfers" title="Butthole Surfers">Butthole Surfers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ice-T" title="Ice-T">Ice-T</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nine_Inch_Nails" title="Nine Inch Nails">Nine Inch Nails</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siouxsie_and_the_Banshees" title="Siouxsie and the Banshees">Siouxsie and the Banshees</a> (as second headliners) and Jane's Addiction (as the headlining act).<a href="#cite_note-gerr-20">[20]</a> Covering for MTV the opening date of Lollapalooza in <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix</a> in July 1991, <a href="/wiki/Dave_Kendall" title="Dave Kendall">Dave Kendall</a> introduced the report saying the festival presented the "most diverse lineups of alternative rock".<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> That summer, Farrell had coined the term Alternative Nation.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> In December 1991, <a href="/wiki/Spin_(magazine)" title="Spin (magazine)">Spin</a> magazine noted: "this year, for the first time, it became resoundingly clear that what has formerly been considered alternative rock—a college-centered marketing group with fairly lucrative, if limited, potential—has in fact moved into the mainstream."<a href="#cite_note-gerr-20">[20]</a> In the late 1990s, the definition again became more specific.<a href="#cite_note-altguitar-4">[4]</a> In 1997, <a href="/wiki/Neil_Strauss" title="Neil Strauss">Neil Strauss</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> defined alternative rock as "hard-edged rock distinguished by brittle, '70s-inspired guitar riffing and singers agonizing over their problems until they take on epic proportions."<a href="#cite_note-1997Definition-19">[19]</a> Defining music as alternative is often difficult because of two conflicting applications of the word. Alternative can describe music that challenges the status quo and that is "fiercely iconoclastic, anticommercial, and antimainstream", and the term is also used in the music industry to denote "the choices available to consumers via record stores, radio, cable television, and the Internet."<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> However alternative music has paradoxically become just as commercial and marketable as the mainstream rock, with record companies using the term "alternative" to market music to an audience that mainstream rock does not reach.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Using a broad definition of the genre, Dave Thompson in his book Alternative Rock cites the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Sex_Pistols" title="Sex Pistols">Sex Pistols</a> as well as the release of the albums <a href="/wiki/Horses_(album)" title="Horses (album)">Horses</a> by <a href="/wiki/Patti_Smith" title="Patti Smith">Patti Smith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metal_Machine_Music" title="Metal Machine Music">Metal Machine Music</a> by <a href="/wiki/Lou_Reed" title="Lou Reed">Lou Reed</a> as three key events that gave birth to alternative rock.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Until the early 2000s, when <a href="/wiki/Indie_rock" title="Indie rock">indie rock</a> became the most common term in the US to describe modern pop and rock, the terms "indie rock" and "alternative rock" were often used interchangeably;<a href="#cite_note-Fonarow-26">[26]</a> while there are aspects which both genres have in common, "indie rock" was regarded as a British-based term, unlike the more American "alternative rock".<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alternative_rock&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Characteristics">edit</a>]</div> The name "alternative rock" essentially serves as an <a href="/wiki/Umbrella_term" class="mw-redirect" title="Umbrella term">umbrella term</a> for underground music that has emerged in the wake of <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a> since the mid-1980s.<a href="#cite_note-American_alt-rock-28">[28]</a> Throughout much of its history, alternative rock has been largely defined by its rejection of the <a href="/wiki/Commercialism" title="Commercialism">commercialism</a> of mainstream culture, although this could be contested since some of the major alternative artists have eventually achieved mainstream success or co-opted with the <a href="/wiki/Major_labels" class="mw-redirect" title="Major labels">major labels</a> from the 1990s onward (especially into the 2000s, and beyond). In the 1980s, alternative bands generally played in small clubs, recorded for indie labels, and spread their popularity through <a href="/wiki/Word_of_mouth" title="Word of mouth">word of mouth</a>.<a href="#cite_note-encarta-29">[29]</a> As such, there is no set musical style for alternative rock as a whole, although in 1989 <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> asserted that the genre is "guitar music first of all, with guitars that blast out power chords, pick out chiming riffs, buzz with fuzztone and squeal in feedback."<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> More often than in other rock styles since the mainstreaming of rock music, alternative rock lyrics tend to address topics of social concern, such as drug use, depression, suicide, and <a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">environmentalism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-encarta-29">[29]</a> This approach to lyrics developed as a reflection of the social and economic strains in the United States and United Kingdom of the 1980s and early 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1960s–1970s:_Precursors">1960s–1970s: Precursors</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alternative_rock&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1960s–1970s: Precursors">edit</a>]</div> Precursors to alternative rock existed in the 1960s with <a href="/wiki/Proto-punk" title="Proto-punk">proto-punk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> The origins of alternative rock can be traced back to <a href="/wiki/The_Velvet_Underground_%26_Nico" title="The Velvet Underground & Nico">The Velvet Underground & Nico</a> (1967) by <a href="/wiki/The_Velvet_Underground" title="The Velvet Underground">the Velvet Underground</a>,<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> which influenced many alternative rock bands that would come after it.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Eccentric and quirky figures of the 1960s, such as <a href="/wiki/Syd_Barrett" title="Syd Barrett">Syd Barrett</a> have influence on alternative rock in general.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Dead_Kennedys" title="Dead Kennedys">Dead Kennedys</a> formed the <a href="/wiki/Independent_record_label" title="Independent record label">independent record label</a> <a href="/wiki/Alternative_Tentacles" title="Alternative Tentacles">Alternative Tentacles</a> in 1979, releasing influential underground music such as the 1983 <a href="/wiki/Butthole_Surfers_(EP)" title="Butthole Surfers (EP)">self-titled EP</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Butthole_Surfers" title="Butthole Surfers">Butthole Surfers</a>. By 1984, a majority of groups that were signed to indie labels drew from a variety of rock and particularly 1960s rock influences. This represented a sharp break from the futuristic, hyper-rational post-punk years.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds2006392–393-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1980s:_Origins">1980s: Origins</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alternative_rock&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1980s: Origins">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Padova_REM_concert_July_22_2003_blue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Male singer in white shirtsleeves and trousers, with a band behind him on a small stage." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Padova_REM_concert_July_22_2003_blue.jpg/220px-Padova_REM_concert_July_22_2003_blue.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Padova_REM_concert_July_22_2003_blue.jpg/330px-Padova_REM_concert_July_22_2003_blue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Padova_REM_concert_July_22_2003_blue.jpg/440px-Padova_REM_concert_July_22_2003_blue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/R.E.M." title="R.E.M.">R.E.M.</a>, one of the first alternative rock bands, relied on <a href="/wiki/Campus_radio" title="Campus radio">college-radio</a> airplay, constant touring, and a grassroots fanbase to break into the mainstream.</figcaption></figure><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:27%; ; padding:8px;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> "Alternative music is music that hasn't yet achieved a mainstream audience, Alternative isn't new wave any more, it's a disposition of mind. Alternative music is any kind of music that has the potential to reach a wider audience. It also has real strength, real quality, real excitement, and it has to be socially significant, as opposed to Whitney Houston, which is pablum." </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Mark Josephson, Executive Director of the <a href="/wiki/New_Music_Seminar" title="New Music Seminar">New Music Seminar</a> speaking in 1988<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></cite> </div> Throughout the 1980s, alternative rock remained mainly an underground phenomenon. While on occasion a song would become a commercial hit, or albums would receive critical praise in mainstream publications like <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a>, alternative rock in the 1980s was primarily featured on independent record labels, <a href="/wiki/Fanzine" title="Fanzine">fanzines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Campus_radio" title="Campus radio">college radio</a> stations. Alternative bands built underground followings by touring constantly and by regularly releasing low-budget albums. In the United States, new bands would form in the wake of previous bands, which created an extensive underground circuit filled with different scenes in various parts of the country.<a href="#cite_note-American_alt-rock-28">[28]</a> College radio formed an essential part of breaking new alternative music. In the mid-1980s, college station <a href="/wiki/KCPR" title="KCPR">KCPR</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Obispo,_California" title="San Luis Obispo, California">San Luis Obispo, California</a>, described in a DJ handbook the tension between popular and "cutting edge" songs as played on "alternative radio".<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Although American alternative artists of the 1980s never generated spectacular album sales, they exerted a considerable influence on later alternative musicians and laid the groundwork for their success.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAzerrad20013–5-39">[39]</a> On September 10, 1988, an <a href="/wiki/Alternative_Songs" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative Songs">Alternative Songs</a> chart was created by <a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a>, listing the 40 most-played songs on alternative and modern rock radio stations in the US: the first number one was "<a href="/wiki/Peek-a-Boo_(Siouxsie_and_the_Banshees_song)" title="Peek-a-Boo (Siouxsie and the Banshees song)">Peek-a-Boo</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Siouxsie_and_the_Banshees" title="Siouxsie and the Banshees">Siouxsie and the Banshees</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> By 1989, the genre had become popular enough that a package tour featuring <a href="/wiki/New_Order_(band)" title="New Order (band)">New Order</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_Image_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Image Limited">Public Image Limited</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Sugarcubes" title="The Sugarcubes">the Sugarcubes</a> toured the US arena circuit.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Early on, British alternative rock was distinguished from that of the US by a more pop-oriented focus (marked by an equal emphasis on albums and singles, as well as greater openness to incorporating elements of dance and club culture) and a lyrical emphasis on specifically British concerns. As a result, few British alternative bands have achieved commercial success in the US.<a href="#cite_note-British_alt-rock-42">[42]</a> Since the 1980s, alternative rock has been played extensively on the radio in the UK, particularly by disc jockeys such as <a href="/wiki/John_Peel" title="John Peel">John Peel</a> (who championed alternative music on <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_1" title="BBC Radio 1">BBC Radio 1</a>), <a href="/wiki/Richard_Skinner_(broadcaster)" title="Richard Skinner (broadcaster)">Richard Skinner</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Annie_Nightingale" title="Annie Nightingale">Annie Nightingale</a>. Artists with cult followings in the US received greater exposure through British national radio and the weekly music press, and many alternative bands had chart success there.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States_in_1980s">United States in 1980s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alternative_rock&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: United States in 1980s">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SonicYouth.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A woman and a man playing guitar in performance. The woman on the left is dressed in a short dress and the man on the right is in jeans and a shirt." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/SonicYouth.JPG/220px-SonicYouth.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/SonicYouth.JPG/330px-SonicYouth.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/SonicYouth.JPG/440px-SonicYouth.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1923" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kim_Gordon" title="Kim Gordon">Kim Gordon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thurston_Moore" title="Thurston Moore">Thurston Moore</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sonic_Youth" title="Sonic Youth">Sonic Youth</a> performing in July 2005</figcaption></figure> Early American alternative bands such as <a href="/wiki/The_Dream_Syndicate" title="The Dream Syndicate">the Dream Syndicate</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Bongos" title="The Bongos">the Bongos</a>, <a href="/wiki/10,000_Maniacs" title="10,000 Maniacs">10,000 Maniacs</a>, <a href="/wiki/R.E.M." title="R.E.M.">R.E.M.</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Feelies" title="The Feelies">the Feelies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Violent_Femmes" title="Violent Femmes">Violent Femmes</a> combined punk influences with <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk music</a> and mainstream music influences. R.E.M. was the most immediately successful; their debut album, <a href="/wiki/Murmur_(album)" title="Murmur (album)">Murmur</a> (1983), entered the Top 40 and spawned a number of <a href="/wiki/Jangle_pop" title="Jangle pop">jangle pop</a> followers.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> One of the many jangle pop scenes of the early 1980s, Los Angeles' <a href="/wiki/Paisley_Underground" title="Paisley Underground">Paisley Underground</a> revived the sounds of the 1960s, incorporating psychedelia, rich vocal harmonies and the guitar interplay of folk rock as well as punk and underground influences such as <a href="/wiki/The_Velvet_Underground" title="The Velvet Underground">the Velvet Underground</a>.<a href="#cite_note-American_alt-rock-28">[28]</a> American indie record labels <a href="/wiki/SST_Records" title="SST Records">SST Records</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twin/Tone_Records" title="Twin/Tone Records">Twin/Tone Records</a>, <a href="/wiki/Touch_and_Go_Records" title="Touch and Go Records">Touch and Go Records</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dischord_Records" title="Dischord Records">Dischord Records</a> presided over the shift from the <a href="/wiki/Hardcore_punk" title="Hardcore punk">hardcore punk</a> that then dominated the American underground scene to the more diverse styles of alternative rock that were emerging.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds2006390-45">[45]</a> <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a> bands <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCsker_D%C3%BC" title="Hüsker Dü">Hüsker Dü</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Replacements_(band)" title="The Replacements (band)">the Replacements</a> were indicative of this shift. Both started out as punk rock bands, but soon diversified their sounds and became more melodic.<a href="#cite_note-American_alt-rock-28">[28]</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Azerrad" title="Michael Azerrad">Michael Azerrad</a> asserted that Hüsker Dü was the key link between hardcore punk and the more melodic, diverse music of <a href="/wiki/College_rock" title="College rock">college rock</a> that emerged. Azerrad wrote, "Hüsker Dü played a huge role in convincing the underground that melody and punk rock weren't antithetical."<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> The band also set an example by being the first group from the American indie scene to sign to a major record label, which helped establish college rock as "a viable commercial enterprise".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAzerrad2001159-47">[47]</a> By focusing on heartfelt songwriting and wordplay instead of political concerns, the Replacements upended a number of underground scene conventions; Azerrad noted that "along with R.E.M., they were one of the few underground bands that mainstream people liked."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAzerrad2001196-48">[48]</a> By the late 1980s, the American alternative scene was dominated by styles ranging from quirky alternative pop (<a href="/wiki/They_Might_Be_Giants" title="They Might Be Giants">They Might Be Giants</a> and <a href="/wiki/Camper_Van_Beethoven" title="Camper Van Beethoven">Camper Van Beethoven</a>), to <a href="/wiki/Noise_rock" title="Noise rock">noise rock</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sonic_Youth" title="Sonic Youth">Sonic Youth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Big_Black" title="Big Black">Big Black</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Jesus_Lizard" title="The Jesus Lizard">the Jesus Lizard</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Industrial_rock" title="Industrial rock">industrial rock</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_(band)" title="Ministry (band)">Ministry</a>, Nine Inch Nails). These sounds were in turn followed by the advent of <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Pixies_(band)" title="Pixies (band)">Pixies</a> and Los Angeles' Jane's Addiction.<a href="#cite_note-American_alt-rock-28">[28]</a> Around the same time, the <a href="/wiki/Grunge" title="Grunge">grunge</a> <a href="/wiki/Subgenre" class="mw-redirect" title="Subgenre">subgenre</a> emerged in <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, Washington, initially referred to as "The Seattle Sound" until its rise to popularity in the early 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Grunge featured a sludgy, murky guitar sound that syncretized <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</a> and punk rock.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Promoted largely by Seattle indie label <a href="/wiki/Sub_Pop" title="Sub Pop">Sub Pop</a>, grunge bands were noted for their <a href="/wiki/Charity_shop" title="Charity shop">thrift store</a> fashion which favored <a href="/wiki/Flannel_shirts" class="mw-redirect" title="Flannel shirts">flannel shirts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Combat_boots" class="mw-redirect" title="Combat boots">combat boots</a> suited to the local weather.<a href="#cite_note-success_NYT-52">[52]</a> Early grunge bands <a href="/wiki/Soundgarden" title="Soundgarden">Soundgarden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mudhoney" title="Mudhoney">Mudhoney</a> found critical acclaim in the U.S. and UK, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-American_alt-rock-28">[28]</a> By the end of the decade, a number of alternative bands began to sign to major labels. While early major label signings Hüsker Dü and the Replacements had little success, acts who signed with majors in their wake such as R.E.M. and Jane's Addiction achieved gold and platinum records, setting the stage for alternative's later breakthrough.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAzerrad1994160-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAzerrad19944-54">[54]</a> Some bands such as Pixies had massive success overseas while they were ignored domestically.<a href="#cite_note-American_alt-rock-28">[28]</a> In the middle of the decade, Hüsker Dü's album <a href="/wiki/Zen_Arcade" title="Zen Arcade">Zen Arcade</a> influenced other hardcore acts by tackling personal issues. Out of Washington, D.C.'s hardcore scene what was called "emocore" or, later, "<a href="/wiki/Emo" title="Emo">emo</a>" emerged and was noted for its lyrics which delved into emotional, very personal subject matter (vocalists sometimes cried) and added free association poetry and a confessional tone. <a href="/wiki/Rites_of_Spring" title="Rites of Spring">Rites of Spring</a> has been described as the first "emo" band. Former <a href="/wiki/Minor_Threat" title="Minor Threat">Minor Threat</a> singer <a href="/wiki/Ian_MacKaye" title="Ian MacKaye">Ian MacKaye</a> founded <a href="/wiki/Dischord_Records" title="Dischord Records">Dischord Records</a> which became the center for the city's emo scene.<a href="#cite_note-Allmusicemo-55">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Great_Britain_in_1980s">Great Britain in 1980s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alternative_rock&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Great Britain in 1980s">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robertsmith.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Head and shoulders shot of man, with wild, tangled hair and lipstick on, playing in a stage spotlight." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Robertsmith.jpg/220px-Robertsmith.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Robertsmith.jpg/330px-Robertsmith.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Robertsmith.jpg/440px-Robertsmith.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Robert_Smith_(musician)" title="Robert Smith (musician)">Robert Smith</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Cure" title="The Cure">the Cure</a> performing in June 2004</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Gothic_rock" title="Gothic rock">Gothic rock</a> developed out of late-1970s British <a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">post-punk</a>. With a reputation as the "darkest and gloomiest form of underground rock", gothic rock uses a synthesizer-and-guitar based sound drawn from post-punk to construct "foreboding, sorrowful, often epic soundscapes", and the subgenre's lyrics often address literary romanticism, morbidity, religious symbolism, and supernatural mysticism.<a href="#cite_note-Goth-56">[56]</a> Bands of this subgenre took inspiration from two British post-punk groups, <a href="/wiki/Siouxsie_and_the_Banshees" title="Siouxsie and the Banshees">Siouxsie and the Banshees</a>,<a href="#cite_note-petridis-57">[57]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joy_Division" title="Joy Division">Joy Division</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds2006352-58">[58]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bauhaus_(band)" title="Bauhaus (band)">Bauhaus</a>' debut single "<a href="/wiki/Bela_Lugosi%27s_Dead" title="Bela Lugosi's Dead">Bela Lugosi's Dead</a>", released in 1979, is considered to be the proper beginning of the gothic rock subgenre.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds2006359-59">[59]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Cure" title="The Cure">The Cure</a>'s "oppressively dispirited" albums including <a href="/wiki/Pornography_(album)" title="Pornography (album)">Pornography</a> (1982) cemented that group's stature in that style and laid the foundation for its large cult following.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds2006357–358-60">[60]</a> The key British alternative rock band to emerge during the 1980s was <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Smiths" title="The Smiths">the Smiths</a>. Music journalist <a href="/wiki/Simon_Reynolds" title="Simon Reynolds">Simon Reynolds</a> singled out the Smiths and their American contemporaries R.E.M. as "the two most important alt-rock bands of the day", commenting that they "were eighties bands only in the sense of being against the eighties".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds2006392-61">[61]</a> The Smiths exerted an influence over the British indie scene through the end of the decade, as various bands drew from singer <a href="/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey">Morrissey</a>'s English-centered lyrical topics and guitarist <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Marr" title="Johnny Marr">Johnny Marr</a>'s jangly guitar-playing style.<a href="#cite_note-British_alt-rock-42">[42]</a> The <a href="/wiki/C86_(album)" class="mw-redirect" title="C86 (album)">C86</a> cassette, a 1986 <a href="/wiki/NME" title="NME">NME</a> premium featuring <a href="/wiki/Primal_Scream" title="Primal Scream">Primal Scream</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Wedding_Present" title="The Wedding Present">the Wedding Present</a> and others, was a major influence on the development of <a href="/wiki/Indie_pop" title="Indie pop">indie pop</a> and the British <a href="/wiki/Indie_music_scene" title="Indie music scene">indie scene</a> as a whole.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Other forms of alternative rock developed in the UK during the 1980s. <a href="/wiki/The_Jesus_and_Mary_Chain" title="The Jesus and Mary Chain">the Jesus and Mary Chain</a>'s sound combined the Velvet Underground's "melancholy noise" with <a href="/wiki/Beach_Boys" class="mw-redirect" title="Beach Boys">Beach Boys</a> pop melodies and <a href="/wiki/Phil_Spector" title="Phil Spector">Phil Spector</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Wall_of_Sound" title="Wall of Sound">Wall of Sound</a>" production,<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> while New Order emerged from the demise of post-punk band Joy Division and experimented with <a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dance_music" title="Dance music">dance music</a>.<a href="#cite_note-British_alt-rock-42">[42]</a> The Mary Chain, along with <a href="/wiki/Dinosaur_Jr." title="Dinosaur Jr.">Dinosaur Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/C86_(album)" class="mw-redirect" title="C86 (album)">C86</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dream_pop" title="Dream pop">dream pop</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cocteau_Twins" title="Cocteau Twins">Cocteau Twins</a>, were the formative influences for the <a href="/wiki/Shoegazing" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoegazing">shoegazing</a> movement of the late 1980s. Named for the band members' tendency to stare at their feet and guitar <a href="/wiki/Effects_pedal" class="mw-redirect" title="Effects pedal">effects pedals</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> onstage rather than interact with the audience, shoegazing acts like <a href="/wiki/My_Bloody_Valentine_(band)" title="My Bloody Valentine (band)">My Bloody Valentine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slowdive" title="Slowdive">Slowdive</a> created an overwhelmingly loud "wash of sound" that obscured vocals and melodies with long, droning riffs, distortion, and feedback.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Shoegazing bands dominated the British music press at the end of the decade along with the <a href="/wiki/Madchester" title="Madchester">Madchester</a> scene. Performing for the most part in <a href="/wiki/The_Ha%C3%A7ienda" title="The Haçienda">the Haçienda</a>, a nightclub in Manchester owned by New Order and <a href="/wiki/Factory_Records" title="Factory Records">Factory Records</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madchester" title="Madchester">Madchester</a> bands such as <a href="/wiki/Happy_Mondays" title="Happy Mondays">Happy Mondays</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Stone_Roses" title="The Stone Roses">the Stone Roses</a> mixed <a href="/wiki/Acid_house" title="Acid house">acid house</a> dance rhythms with melodic guitar pop.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1990s:_Mainstream_success">1990s: Mainstream success</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alternative_rock&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1990s: Mainstream success">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nirvana_around_1992.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Nirvana_around_1992.jpg/220px-Nirvana_around_1992.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Nirvana_around_1992.jpg/330px-Nirvana_around_1992.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Nirvana_around_1992.jpg 2x" data-file-width="367" data-file-height="346" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nirvana_(band)" title="Nirvana (band)">Nirvana</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Cobain" title="Kurt Cobain">Kurt Cobain</a> (right) and <a href="/wiki/Krist_Novoselic" title="Krist Novoselic">Krist Novoselic</a> (left) performing at the <a href="/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Awards" title="MTV Video Music Awards">MTV Video Music Awards</a> in 1992</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dolores_O%27Riordan,_The_Cranberries,_Bospop,_2016.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Dolores_O%27Riordan%2C_The_Cranberries%2C_Bospop%2C_2016.jpeg/220px-Dolores_O%27Riordan%2C_The_Cranberries%2C_Bospop%2C_2016.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Dolores_O%27Riordan%2C_The_Cranberries%2C_Bospop%2C_2016.jpeg/330px-Dolores_O%27Riordan%2C_The_Cranberries%2C_Bospop%2C_2016.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Dolores_O%27Riordan%2C_The_Cranberries%2C_Bospop%2C_2016.jpeg/440px-Dolores_O%27Riordan%2C_The_Cranberries%2C_Bospop%2C_2016.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1886" data-file-height="1257" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dolores_O%27Riordan" title="Dolores O'Riordan">Dolores O'Riordan</a>, lead singer of <a href="/wiki/The_Cranberries" title="The Cranberries">the Cranberries</a>, performing in 2016</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:23%; ; padding:8px;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> The Amerindie of the early '80s became known as alternative or alt-rock, ascendant from <a href="/wiki/Nirvana_(band)" title="Nirvana (band)">Nirvana</a> until 1996 or so but currently very unfashionable, never mind that the music is still there. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">— <a href="/wiki/Christgau%27s_Consumer_Guide:_Albums_of_the_%2790s" title="Christgau's Consumer Guide: Albums of the '90s">Christgau's Consumer Guide: Albums of the '90s</a> (2000)<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></cite> </div> By the start of the 1990s, the music industry was enticed by alternative rock's commercial possibilities and major labels had already signed Jane's Addiction, <a href="/wiki/Red_Hot_Chili_Peppers" title="Red Hot Chili Peppers">Red Hot Chili Peppers</a> and Dinosaur Jr.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAzerrad1994160-53">[53]</a> In early 1991, R.E.M. went mainstream worldwide with <a href="/wiki/Out_of_Time_(album)" title="Out of Time (album)">Out of Time</a> while becoming a blueprint for many alternative bands.<a href="#cite_note-American_alt-rock-28">[28]</a> The first edition of the Lollapalooza festival became the most successful tour in North America in July and August 1991. For <a href="/wiki/Dave_Grohl" title="Dave Grohl">Dave Grohl</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nirvana_(band)" title="Nirvana (band)">Nirvana</a> who attended the festival at an open-air amphitheater in <a href="/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern California</a>, "it felt like something was happening, that was the beginning of it all". The tour helped change the mentalities in the music industry: "by that fall, radio and <a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a> and music had changed. I really think that if it weren't for Perry [Farrell], if it weren't for Lollapalooza, you and I wouldn't be having this conversation right now".<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> The release of Nirvana's single "<a href="/wiki/Smells_Like_Teen_Spirit" title="Smells Like Teen Spirit">Smells Like Teen Spirit</a>" in September 1991 "marked the instigation of the grunge music phenomenon". Helped by constant airplay of the song's music video on MTV, their album <a href="/wiki/Nevermind" title="Nevermind">Nevermind</a> was selling 400,000 copies a week by Christmas 1991.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyons2004120-71">[71]</a> Its success surprised the music industry. Nevermind not only popularized grunge, but also established "the cultural and commercial viability of alternative rock in general."<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Michael Azerrad asserted that Nevermind symbolized "a sea-change in rock music" in which the <a href="/wiki/Glam_metal" title="Glam metal">hair metal</a> that had dominated rock music at that time fell out of favor in the face of music that was authentic and culturally relevant.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAzerrad1994229–230-73">[73]</a> The breakthrough success of Nirvana led to the widespread popularization of alternative rock in the 1990s. It heralded a "new openness to alternative rock" among commercial radio stations, opening doors for heavier alternative bands in particular.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> In the wake of Nevermind, alternative rock "found itself dragged-kicking and screaming ... into the mainstream" and record companies, confused by the genre's success yet eager to capitalize on it, scrambled to sign bands.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> The New York Times declared in 1993, "Alternative rock doesn't seem so alternative anymore. Every major label has a handful of guitar-driven bands in shapeless shirts and threadbare jeans, bands with bad posture and good riffs who cultivate the oblique and the evasive, who conceal catchy tunes with noise and hide craftsmanship behind nonchalance."<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> However, many alternative rock artists rejected success, for it conflicted with the rebellious, <a href="/wiki/DIY_ethic" class="mw-redirect" title="DIY ethic">DIY ethic</a> the genre had espoused before mainstream exposure and their ideas of artistic authenticity.<a href="#cite_note-decade-77">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grunge">Grunge</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alternative_rock&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Grunge">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Grunge" title="Grunge">Grunge</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oasis_Noel_and_Liam_WF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Two-thirds body shot of a singer wearing a coat with wide lapels; a guitar player is in the background. Both have short, blond hair." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Oasis_Noel_and_Liam_WF.jpg/220px-Oasis_Noel_and_Liam_WF.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Oasis_Noel_and_Liam_WF.jpg/330px-Oasis_Noel_and_Liam_WF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Oasis_Noel_and_Liam_WF.jpg/440px-Oasis_Noel_and_Liam_WF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="492" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Liam_Gallagher" title="Liam Gallagher">Liam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Noel_Gallagher" title="Noel Gallagher">Noel Gallagher</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oasis_(band)" title="Oasis (band)">Oasis</a> performing in September 2005</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Billy_Corgan_with_The_Smashing_Pumpkins_2008-02-18.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Billy_Corgan_with_The_Smashing_Pumpkins_2008-02-18.jpg/220px-Billy_Corgan_with_The_Smashing_Pumpkins_2008-02-18.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Billy_Corgan_with_The_Smashing_Pumpkins_2008-02-18.jpg/330px-Billy_Corgan_with_The_Smashing_Pumpkins_2008-02-18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Billy_Corgan_with_The_Smashing_Pumpkins_2008-02-18.jpg/440px-Billy_Corgan_with_The_Smashing_Pumpkins_2008-02-18.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Billy_Corgan" title="Billy Corgan">Billy Corgan</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Smashing_Pumpkins" title="The Smashing Pumpkins">the Smashing Pumpkins</a> performing in February 2008</figcaption></figure> Other grunge bands subsequently replicated Nirvana's success. <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Jam" title="Pearl Jam">Pearl Jam</a> had released its debut album <a href="/wiki/Ten_(Pearl_Jam_album)" title="Ten (Pearl Jam album)">Ten</a> a month before Nevermind in 1991, but album sales only picked up a year later.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> By the second half of 1992 Ten became a breakthrough success, being certified gold and reaching number two on the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_200" title="Billboard 200">Billboard 200</a> album chart.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> <a href="/wiki/Soundgarden" title="Soundgarden">Soundgarden</a>'s album <a href="/wiki/Badmotorfinger" title="Badmotorfinger">Badmotorfinger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Chains" title="Alice in Chains">Alice in Chains</a>' <a href="/wiki/Dirt_(Alice_in_Chains_album)" title="Dirt (Alice in Chains album)">Dirt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stone_Temple_Pilots" title="Stone Temple Pilots">Stone Temple Pilots</a>' <a href="/wiki/Core_(Stone_Temple_Pilots_album)" title="Core (Stone Temple Pilots album)">Core</a> along with the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_the_Dog_(album)" title="Temple of the Dog (album)">Temple of the Dog</a> album collaboration featuring members of Pearl Jam and Soundgarden, were also among the 100 top-selling albums of 1992.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyons2004136-80">[80]</a> The popular breakthrough of these grunge bands prompted <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a> to nickname Seattle "the new <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>".<a href="#cite_note-success_NYT-52">[52]</a> Major record labels signed most of the prominent grunge bands in Seattle, while a second influx of bands moved to the city in hopes of success.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAzerrad2001452–453-81">[81]</a> At the same time, critics asserted that advertising was co-opting elements of grunge and turning it into a fad. <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly" title="Entertainment Weekly">Entertainment Weekly</a> commented in a 1993 article, "There hasn't been this kind of exploitation of a subculture since the media discovered hippies in the '60s."<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> compared the "grunging of America" to the mass-marketing of punk rock, <a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">hip hop</a> in previous years. As a result of the genre's popularity, a backlash against grunge developed in Seattle.<a href="#cite_note-success_NYT-52">[52]</a> Nirvana's follow-up album <a href="/wiki/In_Utero_(album)" class="mw-redirect" title="In Utero (album)">In Utero</a> (1993) was an intentionally abrasive album that Nirvana bassist <a href="/wiki/Krist_Novoselic" title="Krist Novoselic">Krist Novoselic</a> described as a "wild aggressive sound, a true alternative record."<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Nevertheless, upon its release in September 1993 In Utero topped the Billboard charts.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> Pearl Jam also continued to perform well commercially with its second album, <a href="/wiki/Vs._(Pearl_Jam_album)" title="Vs. (Pearl Jam album)">Vs.</a> (1993), which topped the Billboard charts by selling a record 950,378 copies in its first week of release.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> In 1993, <a href="/wiki/The_Smashing_Pumpkins" title="The Smashing Pumpkins">the Smashing Pumpkins</a> released their major breakthrough album, <a href="/wiki/Siamese_Dream" title="Siamese Dream">Siamese Dream</a>—which debuted at number 10 on the Billboard 200 and sold over 4 million copies by 1996, receiving multi-platinum certification by the <a href="/wiki/RIAA" class="mw-redirect" title="RIAA">RIAA</a>. In 1995, the band released their double album, <a href="/wiki/Mellon_Collie_%26_the_Infinite_Sadness" class="mw-redirect" title="Mellon Collie & the Infinite Sadness">Mellon Collie & the Infinite Sadness</a>—which went on to sell 10 million copies in the US alone, certifying it as a Diamond record.<a href="#cite_note-:0-86">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Britpop">Britpop</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alternative_rock&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Britpop">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Britpop" title="Britpop">Britpop</a></div> With the decline of the Madchester scene and the unglamorousness of shoegazing, the tide of grunge from America dominated the British alternative scene and music press in the early 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-British_alt-rock-42">[42]</a> As a reaction, a flurry of British bands emerged that wished to "get rid of grunge" and "declare war on America", taking the public and native music press by storm.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Dubbed "<a href="/wiki/Britpop" title="Britpop">Britpop</a>" by the media, and represented by <a href="/wiki/Pulp_(band)" title="Pulp (band)">Pulp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blur_(band)" title="Blur (band)">Blur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suede_(band)" title="Suede (band)">Suede</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oasis_(band)" title="Oasis (band)">Oasis</a>, this movement was the British equivalent of the grunge explosion, in that the artists propelled alternative rock to the top of the charts in their home country.<a href="#cite_note-British_alt-rock-42">[42]</a> Britpop bands were influenced by and displayed reverence for British guitar music of the past, particularly movements and genres such as the <a href="/wiki/British_Invasion" title="British Invasion">British Invasion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glam_rock" title="Glam rock">glam rock</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris2004202-88">[88]</a> In 1995, the Britpop phenomenon culminated in a rivalry between its two chief groups, Oasis and Blur, symbolized by their release of competing singles “<a href="/wiki/Roll_with_It_(Oasis_song)" title="Roll with It (Oasis song)">Roll With It</a>” and “<a href="/wiki/Country_House_(song)" title="Country House (song)">Country House</a>” on the same day on 14 August 1995. Blur won "<a href="/wiki/The_Battle_of_Britpop" class="mw-redirect" title="The Battle of Britpop">The Battle of Britpop</a>", but they were soon eclipsed in popularity by Oasis whose second album, <a href="/wiki/(What%27s_the_Story)_Morning_Glory%3F" title="(What's the Story) Morning Glory?">(What's the Story) Morning Glory?</a> (1995),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris2004xvii-89">[89]</a> went on to become the third best-selling album in the UK's history.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indie_rock">Indie rock</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alternative_rock&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Indie rock">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pavement,_the_band,_in_Tokyo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Pavement%2C_the_band%2C_in_Tokyo.jpg/220px-Pavement%2C_the_band%2C_in_Tokyo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Pavement%2C_the_band%2C_in_Tokyo.jpg/330px-Pavement%2C_the_band%2C_in_Tokyo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Pavement%2C_the_band%2C_in_Tokyo.jpg/440px-Pavement%2C_the_band%2C_in_Tokyo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="936" data-file-height="607" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Indie_rock" title="Indie rock">Indie rock</a> band <a href="/wiki/Pavement_(band)" title="Pavement (band)">Pavement</a> in 1993</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indie_rock" title="Indie rock">Indie rock</a></div> Long synonymous with alternative rock as a whole in the U.S., <a href="/wiki/Indie_rock" title="Indie rock">indie rock</a> became a distinct form following the popular breakthrough of Nirvana.<a href="#cite_note-allmusic_indie_rock-91">[91]</a> Indie rock was formulated as a rejection of alternative rock's absorption into the mainstream by artists who could not or refused to cross over, and a wariness of its "macho" aesthetic. While indie rock artists share the punk rock distrust of commercialism, the genre does not entirely define itself against that, as "the general assumption is that it's virtually impossible to make indie rock's varying musical approaches compatible with mainstream tastes in the first place".<a href="#cite_note-allmusic_indie_rock-91">[91]</a> Labels such as <a href="/wiki/Matador_Records" title="Matador Records">Matador Records</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merge_Records" title="Merge Records">Merge Records</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dischord_Records" title="Dischord Records">Dischord</a>, and indie rockers like <a href="/wiki/Pavement_(band)" title="Pavement (band)">Pavement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Superchunk" title="Superchunk">Superchunk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fugazi_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fugazi (band)">Fugazi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sleater-Kinney" title="Sleater-Kinney">Sleater-Kinney</a> dominated the American <a href="/wiki/Indie_music_scene" title="Indie music scene">indie scene</a> for most of the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAzerrad2001495–497-92">[92]</a> One of the main indie rock movements of the 1990s was <a href="/wiki/Slacker_rock" title="Slacker rock">lo-fi</a>. The movement, which focused on the recording and distribution of music on low-quality <a href="/wiki/Cassette_tapes" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassette tapes">cassette tapes</a>, initially emerged in the 1980s. By 1992, Pavement, <a href="/wiki/Guided_by_Voices" title="Guided by Voices">Guided by Voices</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sebadoh" title="Sebadoh">Sebadoh</a> became popular lo-fi cult acts in the United States, while subsequently artists like <a href="/wiki/Beck" title="Beck">Beck</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liz_Phair" title="Liz Phair">Liz Phair</a> brought the aesthetic to mainstream audiences.<a href="#cite_note-allmusic_lofi-93">[93]</a> The period also saw alternative confessional female singer-songwriters. Besides the aforementioned Liz Phair, <a href="/wiki/PJ_Harvey" title="PJ Harvey">PJ Harvey</a> fit into this sub group.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> In the mid-1990s, <a href="/wiki/Sunny_Day_Real_Estate" title="Sunny Day Real Estate">Sunny Day Real Estate</a> defined the <a href="/wiki/Emo" title="Emo">emo</a> genre. <a href="/wiki/Weezer" title="Weezer">Weezer</a>'s album <a href="/wiki/Pinkerton_(album)" title="Pinkerton (album)">Pinkerton</a> (1996) was also influential.<a href="#cite_note-Allmusicemo-55">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-rock">Post-rock</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alternative_rock&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Post-rock">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Post-rock" title="Post-rock">Post-rock</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Post-rock" title="Post-rock">Post-rock</a> was established by <a href="/wiki/Talk_Talk" title="Talk Talk">Talk Talk</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Laughing_Stock" title="Laughing Stock">Laughing Stock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slint" title="Slint">Slint</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Spiderland" title="Spiderland">Spiderland</a> albums, both released in 1991.<a href="#cite_note-allmusic_postrock-95">[95]</a> Post-rock draws influence from a number of genres, including <a href="/wiki/Krautrock" title="Krautrock">Krautrock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">progressive rock</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>. The genre subverts or rejects rock conventions, and often incorporates electronic music.<a href="#cite_note-allmusic_postrock-95">[95]</a> While the name of the genre was coined by music journalist Simon Reynolds in 1994 referring to <a href="/wiki/Hex_(Bark_Psychosis_album)" title="Hex (Bark Psychosis album)">Hex</a> by the London group <a href="/wiki/Bark_Psychosis" title="Bark Psychosis">Bark Psychosis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Mojo-96">[96]</a> the style of the genre was solidified by the release of <a href="/wiki/Millions_Now_Living_Will_Never_Die" title="Millions Now Living Will Never Die">Millions Now Living Will Never Die</a> (1996) by the Chicago group <a href="/wiki/Tortoise_(band)" title="Tortoise (band)">Tortoise</a>.<a href="#cite_note-allmusic_postrock-95">[95]</a> Post-rock was the dominant form of experimental rock music in the 1990s and bands from the genre signed to such labels as <a href="/wiki/Thrill_Jockey" title="Thrill Jockey">Thrill Jockey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kranky_(record_label)" title="Kranky (record label)">Kranky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drag_City_(record_label)" title="Drag City (record label)">Drag City</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Too_Pure" title="Too Pure">Too Pure</a>.<a href="#cite_note-allmusic_postrock-95">[95]</a> A related genre, <a href="/wiki/Math_rock" title="Math rock">math rock</a>, peaked in the mid-1990s. In comparison to post-rock, math rock relies on more complex <a href="/wiki/Time_signatures" class="mw-redirect" title="Time signatures">time signatures</a> and intertwining phrases.<a href="#cite_note-allmusic_mathrock-97">[97]</a> By the end of the decade a backlash had emerged against post-rock due to its "dispassionate intellectuality" and its perceived increasing predictability, but a new wave of post-rock bands such as <a href="/wiki/Godspeed_You!_Black_Emperor" title="Godspeed You! Black Emperor">Godspeed You! Black Emperor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sigur_R%C3%B3s" title="Sigur Rós">Sigur Rós</a> emerged who further expanded the genre.<a href="#cite_note-allmusic_postrock-95">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_trends">Other trends</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alternative_rock&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Other trends">edit</a>]</div> In 1993, the Smashing Pumpkins' album Siamese Dream was a major commercial success. The strong influence of <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</a> and progressive rock on the album helped to legitimize alternative rock to mainstream radio programmers and close the gap between alternative rock and the type of rock played on American 1970s <a href="/wiki/Album_Oriented_Rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Album Oriented Rock">Album Oriented Rock</a> radio.<a href="#cite_note-:0-86">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2000s:_Diversification">2000s: Diversification</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alternative_rock&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 2000s: Diversification">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FoosLollBerlin190917-74_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/FoosLollBerlin190917-74_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-FoosLollBerlin190917-74_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/FoosLollBerlin190917-74_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-FoosLollBerlin190917-74_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/FoosLollBerlin190917-74_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-FoosLollBerlin190917-74_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3508" data-file-height="2636" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Foo_Fighters" title="Foo Fighters">Foo Fighters</a>, who helped fill a power vacuum in alternative rock in the late 1990s by establishing <a href="/wiki/Post-grunge" title="Post-grunge">post-grunge</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Creed_(band)_in_2002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Creed_%28band%29_in_2002.jpg/220px-Creed_%28band%29_in_2002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Creed_%28band%29_in_2002.jpg/330px-Creed_%28band%29_in_2002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Creed_%28band%29_in_2002.jpg/440px-Creed_%28band%29_in_2002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2184" data-file-height="1458" /></a><figcaption>Post-grunge band <a href="/wiki/Creed_(band)" title="Creed (band)">Creed</a> in November 2002</figcaption></figure> In the early 21st century, many alternative rock bands that experienced mainstream success struggled following the <a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Kurt_Cobain" title="Suicide of Kurt Cobain">suicide</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana">Nirvana</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Cobain" title="Kurt Cobain">Kurt Cobain</a> in April 1994, <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Jam" title="Pearl Jam">Pearl Jam</a>'s failed lawsuit against concert venue promoter <a href="/wiki/Ticketmaster" title="Ticketmaster">Ticketmaster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soundgarden" title="Soundgarden">Soundgarden</a>'s break-up in 1997, <a href="/wiki/The_Smashing_Pumpkins" title="The Smashing Pumpkins">the Smashing Pumpkins</a> losing its original members in 2000, <a href="/wiki/L7_(band)" title="L7 (band)">L7</a>'s hiatus in 2001, the death of <a href="/wiki/Layne_Staley" title="Layne Staley">Layne Staley</a> and the subsequent disbanding of <a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Chains" title="Alice in Chains">Alice in Chains</a> in 2002, and the disbanding of both <a href="/wiki/The_Cranberries" title="The Cranberries">the Cranberries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stone_Temple_Pilots" title="Stone Temple Pilots">Stone Temple Pilots</a> in 2003.<a href="#cite_note-decade-77">[77]</a> Britpop also began fading after <a href="/wiki/Oasis_(band)" title="Oasis (band)">Oasis</a>' third album, <a href="/wiki/Be_Here_Now_(album)" title="Be Here Now (album)">Be Here Now</a> (1997), was met with lackluster reviews.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris2004xix-98">[98]</a> A signifier of alternative rock's changes was the hiatus of the Lollapalooza festival after an unsuccessful attempt to find a headliner in 1998. In light of the festival's troubles that year, <a href="/wiki/Spin_(magazine)" title="Spin (magazine)">Spin</a> said, "Lollapalooza is as comatose as alternative rock right now".<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Despite these changes in style however, alternative rock remained commercially viable into the start of the 21st century. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-grunge">Post-grunge</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alternative_rock&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Post-grunge">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Post-grunge" title="Post-grunge">Post-grunge</a></div> During the latter half of the 1990s, grunge was supplanted by <a href="/wiki/Post-grunge" title="Post-grunge">post-grunge</a>. Many post-grunge bands lacked the underground roots of grunge and were largely influenced by what grunge had become, namely "a wildly popular form of inward-looking, serious-minded hard rock."; many post-grunge bands emulated the sound and style of grunge, "but not necessarily the individual idiosyncracies of its original artists."<a href="#cite_note-allmusic_postgrunge-100">[100]</a> Post-grunge was a more commercially viable genre that tempered the distorted guitars of grunge with polished, radio-ready production.<a href="#cite_note-allmusic_postgrunge-100">[100]</a> Originally, post-grunge was a label used almost pejoratively on bands that emerged when grunge was mainstream and emulated the grunge sound. The label suggested that bands labelled as post-grunge were simply musically derivative, or a cynical response to an "authentic" rock movement.<a href="#cite_note-PostGrungeAbout-101">[101]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bush_(British_band)" title="Bush (British band)">Bush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Candlebox" title="Candlebox">Candlebox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Collective_Soul" title="Collective Soul">Collective Soul</a> were labelled almost pejoratively as post-grunge which, according to Tim Grierson of <a href="/wiki/About.com" class="mw-redirect" title="About.com">About.com</a>, is "suggesting that rather than being a musical movement in their own right, they were just a calculated, cynical response to a legitimate stylistic shift in rock music."<a href="#cite_note-PostGrungeAbout-101">[101]</a> Post-grunge morphed during the late 1990s and 2000s as newer bands such as <a href="/wiki/Foo_Fighters" title="Foo Fighters">Foo Fighters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matchbox_Twenty" title="Matchbox Twenty">Matchbox Twenty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Creed_(band)" title="Creed (band)">Creed</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nickelback" title="Nickelback">Nickelback</a> emerged, becoming among the most popular rock bands in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-PostGrungeAbout-101">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-Britpop">Post-Britpop</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alternative_rock&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Post-Britpop">edit</a>]</div> At the same time Britpop began to decline, <a href="/wiki/Radiohead" title="Radiohead">Radiohead</a> achieved critical acclaim with its third album <a href="/wiki/OK_Computer" title="OK Computer">OK Computer</a> (1997), and its follow-ups <a href="/wiki/Kid_A" title="Kid A">Kid A</a> (2000) and <a href="/wiki/Amnesiac_(album)" title="Amnesiac (album)">Amnesiac</a> (2001), which were in marked contrast with the traditionalism of Britpop. Radiohead, along with <a href="/wiki/Post-Britpop" title="Post-Britpop">post-Britpop</a> groups like <a href="/wiki/Travis_(band)" title="Travis (band)">Travis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stereophonics" title="Stereophonics">Stereophonics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coldplay" title="Coldplay">Coldplay</a>, were major forces in British rock in subsequent years.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris2004369–370-102">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third-wave_ska">Third-wave ska</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alternative_rock&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Third-wave ska">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reel_Big_Fish_live_in_Santa_Cruz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Reel_Big_Fish_live_in_Santa_Cruz.jpg/220px-Reel_Big_Fish_live_in_Santa_Cruz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Reel_Big_Fish_live_in_Santa_Cruz.jpg/330px-Reel_Big_Fish_live_in_Santa_Cruz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Reel_Big_Fish_live_in_Santa_Cruz.jpg/440px-Reel_Big_Fish_live_in_Santa_Cruz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Reel_Big_Fish" title="Reel Big Fish">Reel Big Fish</a> performing in 2008</figcaption></figure> After almost a decade in the underground, <a href="/wiki/Ska_punk" title="Ska punk">ska punk</a>, a mixture of earlier <a href="/wiki/2_Tone_(music_genre)" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Tone (music genre)">British ska</a> and punk acts, became popular in the United States. <a href="/wiki/Rancid_(band)" title="Rancid (band)">Rancid</a> was the first of the "third-wave ska revival" acts to break. From the mid-1990s to early 2000s, <a href="/wiki/The_Mighty_Mighty_Bosstones" title="The Mighty Mighty Bosstones">the Mighty Mighty Bosstones</a>, <a href="/wiki/No_Doubt" title="No Doubt">No Doubt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sublime_(band)" title="Sublime (band)">Sublime</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goldfinger_(band)" title="Goldfinger (band)">Goldfinger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reel_Big_Fish" title="Reel Big Fish">Reel Big Fish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Less_Than_Jake" title="Less Than Jake">Less Than Jake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Save_Ferris" title="Save Ferris">Save Ferris</a> charted or received radio exposure.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-punk_revival_and_garage_rock_revival">Post-punk revival and garage rock revival</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alternative_rock&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Post-punk revival and garage rock revival">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Post-punk_revival" title="Post-punk revival">Post-punk revival</a> and <a href="/wiki/Garage_rock_revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Garage rock revival">Garage rock revival</a></div> During the late 1990s and early 2000s, several alternative rock bands emerged, including <a href="/wiki/The_Strokes" title="The Strokes">the Strokes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franz_Ferdinand_(band)" title="Franz Ferdinand (band)">Franz Ferdinand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interpol_(band)" title="Interpol (band)">Interpol</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Rapture_(band)" title="The Rapture (band)">the Rapture</a> that drew primary inspiration from post-punk and new wave, establishing the <a href="/wiki/Post-punk_revival" title="Post-punk revival">post-punk revival</a> movement.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Preceded by the success of bands such as the Strokes and <a href="/wiki/The_White_Stripes" title="The White Stripes">the White Stripes</a> earlier in the decade, an influx of new alternative rock bands, including several post-punk revival artists and others such as <a href="/wiki/The_Killers" title="The Killers">the Killers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yeah_Yeah_Yeahs" title="Yeah Yeah Yeahs">Yeah Yeah Yeahs</a>, found commercial success in the early and mid 2000s. Owing to the success of these bands, <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly" title="Entertainment Weekly">Entertainment Weekly</a> declared in 2004, "After almost a decade of domination by <a href="/wiki/Rap_rock" title="Rap rock">rap-rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nu_metal" title="Nu metal">nu-metal</a> bands, mainstream alt-rock is finally good again."<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Monkeys" title="Arctic Monkeys">Arctic Monkeys</a> were a prominent act to owe their initial commercial success to the use of <a href="/wiki/Internet_social_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet social network">Internet social networking</a>,<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> with two UK No. 1 singles and <a href="/wiki/Whatever_People_Say_I_Am,_That%27s_What_I%27m_Not" title="Whatever People Say I Am, That's What I'm Not">Whatever People Say I Am, That's What I'm Not</a> (2006), which became the fastest-selling debut album in British chart history.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emo">Emo</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alternative_rock&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Emo">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Emo" title="Emo">Emo</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jimmy_Eat_World_Reading.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Jimmy_Eat_World_Reading.jpg/220px-Jimmy_Eat_World_Reading.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Jimmy_Eat_World_Reading.jpg/330px-Jimmy_Eat_World_Reading.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Jimmy_Eat_World_Reading.jpg/440px-Jimmy_Eat_World_Reading.jpg 2x" data-file-width="884" data-file-height="476" /></a><figcaption>Emo band <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Eat_World" title="Jimmy Eat World">Jimmy Eat World</a> performing in 2007</figcaption></figure> By 2000 and on into the new decade, emo was one of the most popular rock music genres.<a href="#cite_note-Allmusicemo-55">[55]</a> Popular acts included the sales success of <a href="/wiki/Bleed_American" title="Bleed American">Bleed American</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Eat_World" title="Jimmy Eat World">Jimmy Eat World</a> (2001) and <a href="/wiki/Dashboard_Confessional" title="Dashboard Confessional">Dashboard Confessional</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Places_You_Have_Come_to_Fear_the_Most" title="The Places You Have Come to Fear the Most">The Places You Have Come to Fear the Most</a> (2003).<a href="#cite_note-DeRogatis2003-109">[109]</a> The new emo had a much more mainstream sound than in the 1990s and a far greater appeal among adolescents than its earlier incarnations.<a href="#cite_note-DeRogatis2003-109">[109]</a> At the same time, the use of the term "emo" expanded beyond the musical genre, becoming associated with fashion, a hairstyle and any music that expressed emotion.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Emo's mainstream success continued with bands emerging in the 2000s, including multi-platinum acts such as <a href="/wiki/Fall_Out_Boy" title="Fall Out Boy">Fall Out Boy</a><a href="#cite_note-chartblog-111">[111]</a> and <a href="/wiki/My_Chemical_Romance" title="My Chemical Romance">My Chemical Romance</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> and mainstream groups such as <a href="/wiki/Paramore_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramore (band)">Paramore</a><a href="#cite_note-chartblog-111">[111]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Panic!_at_the_Disco" title="Panic! at the Disco">Panic! at the Disco</a>.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_trends_2">Other trends</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alternative_rock&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Other trends">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Muse_(4309212538).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Muse_%284309212538%29.jpg/220px-Muse_%284309212538%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Muse_%284309212538%29.jpg/330px-Muse_%284309212538%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Muse_%284309212538%29.jpg/440px-Muse_%284309212538%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1104" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Muse_(band)" title="Muse (band)">Muse</a> performing in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, Australia, in January 2010</figcaption></figure> American rock band <a href="/wiki/Red_Hot_Chili_Peppers" title="Red Hot Chili Peppers">Red Hot Chili Peppers</a> entered a new-found popularity in 1999 after the release of their album <a href="/wiki/Californication_(album)" title="Californication (album)">Californication</a> (1999), with continued success throughout the 2000s. <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Seconds_to_Mars" title="Thirty Seconds to Mars">Thirty Seconds to Mars</a> experienced a notable rise in popularity during the latter half of the 2000s.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2010–present:_The_future">2010–present: The future</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alternative_rock&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: 2010–present: The future">edit</a>]</div> Most references to alternative rock music in the United States past 2010 are to the <a href="/wiki/Indie_rock" title="Indie rock">indie rock</a> genre, a term that previously had limited usage on alternative rock channels and media.<a href="#cite_note-Fonarow-26">[26]</a> Radio stations in the 2010s have been changing formats away from alternative rock, but this is mostly motivated by conglomeration efforts coupled with advertisers seeking more Top 40/Top 100 stations for sales.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> While there have been conflicting opinions on the relevance of alternative rock to mainstream audiences beyond 2010,<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dave_Grohl" title="Dave Grohl">Dave Grohl</a> commented on an article from the December 29, 2013, issue of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Daily_News" title="New York Daily News">New York Daily News</a> stating that rock is dead:<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> "speak for yourself... rock seems pretty alive to me."<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trends_of_the_2010s">Trends of the 2010s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alternative_rock&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Trends of the 2010s">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Twenty_one_pilots_-_27.02.2019_-_Resorts_World_Arena,_Birmingham_-_48775120537.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Twenty_one_pilots_-_27.02.2019_-_Resorts_World_Arena%2C_Birmingham_-_48775120537.jpg/220px-Twenty_one_pilots_-_27.02.2019_-_Resorts_World_Arena%2C_Birmingham_-_48775120537.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Twenty_one_pilots_-_27.02.2019_-_Resorts_World_Arena%2C_Birmingham_-_48775120537.jpg/330px-Twenty_one_pilots_-_27.02.2019_-_Resorts_World_Arena%2C_Birmingham_-_48775120537.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Twenty_one_pilots_-_27.02.2019_-_Resorts_World_Arena%2C_Birmingham_-_48775120537.jpg/440px-Twenty_one_pilots_-_27.02.2019_-_Resorts_World_Arena%2C_Birmingham_-_48775120537.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5075" data-file-height="2606" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Twenty_One_Pilots" title="Twenty One Pilots">Twenty One Pilots</a> performing at <a href="/wiki/Resorts_World_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Resorts World Arena">Resorts World Arena</a> in Birmingham, 2019</figcaption></figure> Contemporary mainstream alternative rock bands tend to fuse musical elements of <a href="/wiki/Hard_rock" title="Hard rock">hard rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electronica" title="Electronica">electronica</a>, hip hop, indie, and punk while placing emphasis on keyboards and guitar. In 2010s, British rock band <a href="/wiki/Muse_(band)" title="Muse (band)">Muse</a> gained a worldwide recognition with their album <a href="/wiki/The_Resistance_(album)" title="The Resistance (album)">The Resistance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Drones_(Muse_album)" title="Drones (Muse album)">Drones</a> which won Grammy Awards.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> American alternative duo <a href="/wiki/Twenty_One_Pilots" title="Twenty One Pilots">Twenty One Pilots</a> blurs the lines between genres including <a href="/wiki/Alternative_hip_hop" title="Alternative hip hop">hip hop</a>, emo, rock, <a href="/wiki/Indie_pop" title="Indie pop">indie pop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">reggae</a> and has managed to break numerous records.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> They became the first alternative act to have two concurrent top five singles in the United States while their fourth studio album <a href="/wiki/Blurryface" title="Blurryface">Blurryface</a> (2015) was the first album in history to have every song receive at least a Gold <a href="/wiki/Music_recording_sales_certification" class="mw-redirect" title="Music recording sales certification">certification</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America" title="Recording Industry Association of America">Recording Industry Association of America</a>.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> Twenty One Pilots also became the first rock act to have a song reach a billion streams on <a href="/wiki/Spotify" title="Spotify">Spotify</a>.<a href="#cite_note-billion-126">[126]</a> Their breakout hit single "<a href="/wiki/Stressed_Out_(Twenty_One_Pilots_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stressed Out (Twenty One Pilots song)">Stressed Out</a>" was the twenty-fifth song to achieve the rare feat of at least one billion plays on the <a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">streaming</a> platform. The milestone comes at a time when music genres represented on streaming platforms like Spotify are fairly homogeneous, being dominated by genres such as hip hop, <a href="/wiki/Electronic_dance_music" title="Electronic dance music">EDM</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Adult_contemporary" class="mw-redirect" title="Adult contemporary">adult contemporary</a>-styled pop.<a href="#cite_note-billion-126">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alternative_pop">Alternative pop</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alternative_rock&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Alternative pop">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Alternative pop</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">Alt-pop</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">Pop</a></li><li>alternative rock</li><li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B" title="Contemporary R&B">R&B</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">electronic</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultural origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">1980s–2000s, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Typical instruments</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Singing_vocals" class="mw-redirect" title="Singing vocals">Singing vocals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_guitar" title="Electric guitar">electric guitar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_bass_guitar" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric bass guitar">electric bass guitar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Drum_kit" title="Drum kit">drum kit</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">synthesizer</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_keyboard" title="Electronic keyboard">electronic keyboard</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/DJing" class="mw-redirect" title="DJing">DJing</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Alternative pop (also known as alt-pop) is <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop music</a> with broad commercial appeal that is made by figures outside the mainstream, or which is considered more original, challenging, or eclectic than traditional pop music.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a> described alt-pop as "a home-made, personalized imitation of the mainstream that speaks far closer to actual teenage experience", and which is commonly characterized by a dark or downbeat emotional tone with lyrics about insecurity, regret, drugs, and anxiety.<a href="#cite_note-independentaltpop-128">[128]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>, the alternative scene's "left-of-center pop" failed to experience mainstream success during the 1980s,<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> although the UK alternative pop band <a href="/wiki/Siouxsie_and_the_Banshees" title="Siouxsie and the Banshees">Siouxsie and the Banshees</a> saw success in that decade.<a href="#cite_note-Goddard-130">[130]</a> Canadian singer <a href="/wiki/Avril_Lavigne" title="Avril Lavigne">Avril Lavigne</a>'s success in the early 2000s, including her hit single "<a href="/wiki/Sk8er_Boi" title="Sk8er Boi">Sk8er Boi</a>", helped set the stage for a subsequent generation of female alt-pop singers.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> In the late 2000s, American singer <a href="/wiki/Santigold" title="Santigold">Santigold</a> established herself as an "alternative pop hero" due to her apparent artistic conviction.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> In the early 2010s, American singer <a href="/wiki/Lana_Del_Rey" title="Lana Del Rey">Lana Del Rey</a> developed a "cult-like following" with her "cinematic, beat-heavy alt-pop", which was characterized by an "alluring sadness and melodrama".<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> New Zealand alt-pop singer <a href="/wiki/Lorde" title="Lorde">Lorde</a> achieved global success in 2013 and 2014, topping charts and winning awards.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> In 2022, American singer <a href="/wiki/Billie_Eilish" title="Billie Eilish">Billie Eilish</a> was credited with marking the "ascendence" of alternative pop in the mainstream with her dark, downbeat pop.<a href="#cite_note-independentaltpop-128">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alternative_rock&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Guitar_1.svg/22px-Guitar_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Guitar_1.svg/34px-Guitar_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Guitar_1.svg/45px-Guitar_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="886" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Rock_music" title="Portal:Rock music">Rock music portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_alternative_rock_artists" title="List of alternative rock artists">List of alternative rock artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spin_Alternative_Record_Guide" title="Spin Alternative Record Guide">Spin Alternative Record Guide</a></li></ul> Radio formats <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adult_album_alternative" title="Adult album alternative">Adult album alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_alternative" title="Classic alternative">Classic alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_rock" title="Modern rock">Modern rock</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alternative_rock&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/style/neo-psychedelia-ma0000012252">"Neo-Psychedelia Music Genre Overview"</a>. 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Retrieved December 31, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Neo-Psychedelia+Music+Genre+Overview&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fstyle%2Fneo-psychedelia-ma0000012252&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlternative+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2021" class="citation web cs1">Jones, Marcus (January 16, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/friday-five-ashnikko-samples-kelis-002442008.html">"Friday Five: Ashnikko samples Kelis, Flo Milli's Fiddler on the Roof , and more"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! News">Yahoo! News</a>. 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Retrieved August 24, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Grunge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fstyle%2Fgrunge-ma0000002626&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlternative+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-altguitar-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-altguitar_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-altguitar_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-altguitar_4-2">c</a> di Perna, Alan. "Brave Noise—The History of Alternative Rock Guitar". <a href="/wiki/Guitar_World" title="Guitar World">Guitar World</a>. December 1995. </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoss1988" class="citation magazine cs1">Ross, Sean (September 10, 1988). "Billboard Debuts Weekly Chart of Alternative Rock". <a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a>. Vol. 100, no. 37. pp. 1, 10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Billboard+Debuts+Weekly+Chart+of+Alternative+Rock&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=37&rft.pages=1%2C+10&rft.date=1988-09-10&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Sean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlternative+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrust2018" class="citation magazine cs1">Trust, Gary (October 11, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/8478983/alternative-songs-first-chart-1988-rewind">"Rewinding the Charts: In 1988, Alternative Songs Launched, With Siouxsie & the Banshees' 'Peek-a-Boo' as the First No. 1"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200819133832/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/8478983/alternative-songs-first-chart-1988-rewind">Archived</a> from the original on August 19, 2020. Retrieved June 16, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Rewinding+the+Charts%3A+In+1988%2C+Alternative+Songs+Launched%2C+With+Siouxsie+%26+the+Banshees%27+%27Peek-a-Boo%27+as+the+First+No.+1&rft.date=2018-10-11&rft.aulast=Trust&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Farticles%2Fcolumns%2Fchart-beat%2F8478983%2Falternative-songs-first-chart-1988-rewind&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlternative+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKallen2012" class="citation book cs1">Kallen, Stuart A. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-IhmDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA6">The History of Alternative Rock</a>. Lucent Books. pp. 6–7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4205-0738-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4205-0738-6"><bdi>978-1-4205-0738-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Alternative+Rock&rft.pages=6-7&rft.pub=Lucent+Books&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4205-0738-6&rft.aulast=Kallen&rft.aufirst=Stuart+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-IhmDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlternative+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAzerrad2001446-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAzerrad2001446_8-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAzerrad2001">Azerrad 2001</a>, p. 446. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAzerrad2001-9"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAzerrad2001_9-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAzerrad2001">Azerrad 2001</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCateforis2011" class="citation book cs1">Cateforis, Theo (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arewenotnewwavem0000cate/page/n5/mode/2up">Are We Not New Wave? Modern Pop at the Turn of the 1980s</a>. 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San Francisco: Miller Freeman, 2000. p. viii. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds2006338-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds2006338_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReynolds2006">Reynolds 2006</a>, p. 338. </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/alternative%20pop">"alternative pop"</a>. Merriam-Webster. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210522224355/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/alternative%20pop">Archived</a> from the original on May 22, 2021. 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Vol. 3, no. 2. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0886-3032">0886-3032</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spin&rft.atitle=Campers&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=24&rft.date=1987-05&rft.issn=0886-3032&rft.aulast=Leland&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdNSW1RIkidsC%26pg%3DRA1-PA24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlternative+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPuterbaugh1994" class="citation magazine cs1">Puterbaugh, Parke (April 7, 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/crackers-with-attitude-56959/">"Crackers with Attitude"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128070306/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/crackers-with-attitude-56959/">Archived</a> from the original on January 28, 2021. Retrieved August 26, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Crackers+with+Attitude&rft.date=1994-04-07&rft.aulast=Puterbaugh&rft.aufirst=Parke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-features%2Fcrackers-with-attitude-56959%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlternative+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> Mullen, Brendan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RXE0biSWhGIC&pg=PA19">Whores: An Oral Biography of Perry Farrell and Jane's Addiction</a>. Cambridge: Da Capo, 2005. p. 19. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-81347-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-81347-4">978-0-306-81347-4</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-1997Definition-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1997Definition_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-1997Definition_19-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrauss1997" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Neil_Strauss" title="Neil Strauss">Strauss, Neil</a> (March 2, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/02/arts/forget-pearl-jam-alternative-rock-lives.html">"Forget Pearl Jam. 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July 1991. November 2, 2019. </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2011" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Jake (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dpFdelxBFWsC">Jane's Addiction: In the Studio</a>. Black Market Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9726142-7-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9726142-7-6"><bdi>978-0-9726142-7-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jane%27s+Addiction%3A+In+the+Studio&rft.pub=Black+Market+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-9726142-7-6&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Jake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdpFdelxBFWsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlternative+rock" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> Starr, Larry; Waterman, Christopher. <a href="//archive.org/details/americanpopularm0000star" class="extiw" title="iarchive:americanpopularm0000star">American Popular Music: From Minstrelsy to MTV</a>. 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Retrieved October 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Awards&rft.date=2017-04-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grammy.com%2Fnominees%3Fgenre%3D31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlternative+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcIntyre2016" class="citation web cs1">McIntyre, Hugh (August 31, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/hughmcintyre/2016/08/31/twenty-one-pilots-match-a-charting-feat-that-only-the-beatles-and-elvis-have-managed/">"Twenty One Pilots Match A Charting Feat That Only The Beatles And Elvis Have Managed"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201129021803/https://www.forbes.com/sites/hughmcintyre/2016/08/31/twenty-one-pilots-match-a-charting-feat-that-only-the-beatles-and-elvis-have-managed/">Archived</a> from the original on November 29, 2020. Retrieved September 1, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Twenty+One+Pilots+Match+A+Charting+Feat+That+Only+The+Beatles+And+Elvis+Have+Managed&rft.date=2016-08-31&rft.aulast=McIntyre&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fhughmcintyre%2F2016%2F08%2F31%2Ftwenty-one-pilots-match-a-charting-feat-that-only-the-beatles-and-elvis-have-managed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlternative+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcIntyre2016" class="citation web cs1">McIntyre, Hugh (August 29, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/hughmcintyre/2016/08/29/shawn-mendes-nabs-another-top-ten-hit-while-the-chainsmokers-remain-at-no-1/#1b88801e7cb2">"Shawn Mendes Nabs Another Top 10 Hit While The Chainsmokers Remain At No. 1"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160830155436/http://www.forbes.com/sites/hughmcintyre/2016/08/29/shawn-mendes-nabs-another-top-ten-hit-while-the-chainsmokers-remain-at-no-1/#1b88801e7cb2">Archived</a> from the original on August 30, 2016. Retrieved September 1, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Shawn+Mendes+Nabs+Another+Top+10+Hit+While+The+Chainsmokers+Remain+At+No.+1&rft.date=2016-08-29&rft.aulast=McIntyre&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fhughmcintyre%2F2016%2F08%2F29%2Fshawn-mendes-nabs-another-top-ten-hit-while-the-chainsmokers-remain-at-no-1%2F%231b88801e7cb2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlternative+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPayne2018" class="citation magazine cs1">Payne, Chris (March 1, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/rock/8223671/twenty-one-pilots-blurryface-every-song-riaa-gold">"Twenty One Pilots' 'Blurryface' Becomes First Album With Every Song RIAA-Certified Gold"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201120212125/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/rock/8223671/twenty-one-pilots-blurryface-every-song-riaa-gold/">Archived</a> from the original on November 20, 2020. Retrieved March 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Twenty+One+Pilots%27+%27Blurryface%27+Becomes+First+Album+With+Every+Song+RIAA-Certified+Gold&rft.date=2018-03-01&rft.aulast=Payne&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Farticles%2Fcolumns%2Frock%2F8223671%2Ftwenty-one-pilots-blurryface-every-song-riaa-gold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlternative+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.riaa.com/twenty-one-pilots-blurryface-earns-unrivaled-gold-platinum-achievement-first-album-digital-era-every-song-riaa-certified/">"Twenty One Pilots' "Blurryface" Earns Unrivaled Gold & Platinum Achievement: First Album In Digital Era With Every Song RIAA Certified"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America" title="Recording Industry Association of America">Recording Industry Association of America</a>. March 1, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201228140854/https://www.riaa.com/twenty-one-pilots-blurryface-earns-unrivaled-gold-platinum-achievement-first-album-digital-era-every-song-riaa-certified/">Archived</a> from the original on December 28, 2020. 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Retrieved October 24, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Billie+Eilish+review%2C+Glastonbury+2022%3A+History-making+set+is+90+minutes+of+noir-pop+catharsis&rft.date=2022-06-26&rft.aulast=Beaumont&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Fmusic%2Freviews%2Fbillie-eilish-review-glastonbury-2022-b2109771.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlternative+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/style/alternative-pop-rock-ma0000002422">"Alternative Pop/Rock Music Genre Overview"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211022185645/https://www.allmusic.com/style/alternative-pop-rock-ma0000002422">Archived</a> from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved October 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Alternative+Pop%2FRock+Music+Genre+Overview&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fstyle%2Falternative-pop-rock-ma0000002422&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlternative+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goddard-130"><a href="#cite_ref-Goddard_130-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoddard,_Simon2010" class="citation book cs1">Goddard, Simon (2010). "Sioux, Siouxsie". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mozipediaencyclo00godd_0/page/393">Mozipedia: The Encyclopedia of Morrissey and the Smiths</a>. Ebury Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mozipediaencyclo00godd_0/page/393">393</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-452-29667-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-452-29667-1"><bdi>978-0-452-29667-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sioux%2C+Siouxsie&rft.btitle=Mozipedia%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+Morrissey+and+the+Smiths&rft.pages=393&rft.pub=Ebury+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-452-29667-1&rft.au=Goddard%2C+Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmozipediaencyclo00godd_0%2Fpage%2F393&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlternative+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEloise2020" class="citation web cs1">Eloise, Marianne (October 5, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thefortyfive.com/opinion/from-avril-lavigne-to-billie-eilish-a-recent-history-of-pops-alt-girls/">"From Avril Lavigne to Billie Eilish: a recent history of pop's alt-girls"</a>. The Forty-Five. Retrieved October 24, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Forty-Five&rft.atitle=From+Avril+Lavigne+to+Billie+Eilish%3A+a+recent+history+of+pop%27s+alt-girls&rft.date=2020-10-05&rft.aulast=Eloise&rft.aufirst=Marianne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthefortyfive.com%2Fopinion%2Ffrom-avril-lavigne-to-billie-eilish-a-recent-history-of-pops-alt-girls%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlternative+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPelly2022" class="citation web cs1">Pelly, Jenn (December 20, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pitchfork.com/features/article/music-and-mental-health/">"Confronting Music's Mental Health Crisis"</a>. Pitchfork. Retrieved December 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pitchfork&rft.atitle=Confronting+Music%27s+Mental+Health+Crisis&rft.date=2022-12-20&rft.aulast=Pelly&rft.aufirst=Jenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpitchfork.com%2Ffeatures%2Farticle%2Fmusic-and-mental-health%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlternative+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShouneyia2019" class="citation magazine cs1">Shouneyia, Alexa (November 21, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/lana-del-rey-born-to-die-songs-that-defined-the-decade-8544101/">"Songs That Defined the Decade: Lana Del Rey's 'Born to Die'"</a>. Billboard. Retrieved October 23, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Songs+That+Defined+the+Decade%3A+Lana+Del+Rey%27s+%27Born+to+Die%27&rft.date=2019-11-21&rft.aulast=Shouneyia&rft.aufirst=Alexa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-news%2Flana-del-rey-born-to-die-songs-that-defined-the-decade-8544101%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlternative+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchell2018" class="citation journal cs1">Mitchell, Tony (2018). "Lorde's Auckland: Stepping Out of "the Bubble"". Made in Australia and Aotearoa/New Zealand Studies in Popular Music: Ch. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Made+in+Australia+and+Aotearoa%2FNew+Zealand+Studies+in+Popular+Music&rft.atitle=Lorde%27s+Auckland%3A+Stepping+Out+of+%22the+Bubble%22&rft.pages=Ch.+3&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlternative+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alternative_rock&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAzerrad1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Azerrad" title="Michael Azerrad">Azerrad, Michael</a> (1994). Come As You Are: The Story of Nirvana. Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-47199-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-47199-2"><bdi>978-0-385-47199-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Come+As+You+Are%3A+The+Story+of+Nirvana&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-385-47199-2&rft.aulast=Azerrad&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlternative+rock" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAzerrad2001" class="citation book cs1">Azerrad, Michael (2001). <a href="/wiki/Our_Band_Could_Be_Your_Life" title="Our Band Could Be Your Life">Our Band Could Be Your Life: Scenes from the American Indie Underground, 1981–1991</a>. Little Brown and Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-316-78753-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-316-78753-6"><bdi>978-0-316-78753-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Our+Band+Could+Be+Your+Life%3A+Scenes+from+the+American+Indie+Underground%2C+1981%E2%80%931991&rft.pub=Little+Brown+and+Company&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-316-78753-6&rft.aulast=Azerrad&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlternative+rock" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Thomas_Erlewine" title="Stephen Thomas Erlewine">Erlewine, Stephen Thomas</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/explore/essay/">"American Alternative Rock/Post-Punk"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved May 20, 2006.</li> <li>Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/explore/essay/">"British Alternative Rock"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved May 20, 2006.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Harris_(critic)" title="John Harris (critic)">Harris, John</a> (2004). Britpop!: Cool Britannia and the Spectacular Demise of English Rock. Da Capo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-81367-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-81367-2"><bdi>978-0-306-81367-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britpop%21%3A+Cool+Britannia+and+the+Spectacular+Demise+of+English+Rock&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-306-81367-2&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlternative+rock" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLyons2004" class="citation book cs1">Lyons, James (2004). Selling Seattle: Representing Contemporary Urban America. Wallflower. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-903364-96-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-903364-96-3"><bdi>978-1-903364-96-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selling+Seattle%3A+Representing+Contemporary+Urban+America&rft.pub=Wallflower&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-903364-96-3&rft.aulast=Lyons&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlternative+rock" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Reynolds" title="Simon Reynolds">Reynolds, Simon</a> (2006). <a href="/wiki/Rip_It_Up_and_Start_Again" title="Rip It Up and Start Again">Rip It Up and Start Again: Postpunk 1978–1984</a>. Faber and Faber. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-303672-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-303672-2"><bdi>978-0-14-303672-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rip+It+Up+and+Start+Again%3A+Postpunk+1978%E2%80%931984&rft.pub=Faber+and+Faber&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-14-303672-2&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlternative+rock" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFonarow2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Fonarow" title="Wendy Fonarow">Fonarow, Wendy</a> (2006). <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Dirt" title="Empire of Dirt">Empire of Dirt: The Aesthetics and Rituals of British Indie Music</a>. Wesleyan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8195-6811-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8195-6811-3"><bdi>978-0-8195-6811-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empire+of+Dirt%3A+The+Aesthetics+and+Rituals+of+British+Indie+Music&rft.pub=Wesleyan&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8195-6811-3&rft.aulast=Fonarow&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlternative+rock" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLavineBlashill1996" class="citation book cs1">Lavine, Michael; Blashill, Pat (1996). Noise From The Underground : A History of Alternative Rock. Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-81513-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-684-81513-8"><bdi>978-0-684-81513-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Noise+From+The+Underground+%3A+A+History+of+Alternative+Rock&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-684-81513-8&rft.aulast=Lavine&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Blashill%2C+Pat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlternative+rock" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alternative_rock&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/style/alternative-indie-rock-ma0000012230">Alternative rock</a> at <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Alternative_rock" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Alternative_rock" title="Template:Alternative rock"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alternative_rock" title="Template talk:Alternative rock"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alternative_rock" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alternative rock"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alternative_rock" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alternative rock</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Precursors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jangle_pop" title="Jangle pop">Jangle pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">Punk rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avant-punk" title="Avant-punk">Avant-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_punk" title="Hardcore punk">Hardcore punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-hardcore" title="Post-hardcore">Post-hardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riot_grrrl" title="Riot grrrl">Riot grrrl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">New wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_rock" title="Noise rock">Noise rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-punk" title="Proto-punk">Proto-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">Post-punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_rock" title="Gothic rock">Gothic rock</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Alternative_rock_genres" title="Category:Alternative rock genres">Styles and fusion genres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_country" title="Alternative country">Alternative country</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_country" title="Gothic country">Gothic country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_dance" title="Alternative dance">Alternative dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britpop" title="Britpop">Britpop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-Britpop" title="Post-Britpop">Post-Britpop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_pop" title="Chamber pop">Chamber pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_alternative_rock" title="Christian alternative rock">Christian alternative rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_rock" title="College rock">College rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_cabaret" title="Dark cabaret">Dark cabaret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolewave" title="Dolewave">Dolewave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emo" title="Emo">Emo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geek_rock" title="Geek rock">Geek rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wizard_rock" title="Wizard rock">Wizard rock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grebo_(music)" title="Grebo (music)">Grebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grunge" title="Grunge">Grunge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-grunge" title="Post-grunge">Post-grunge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_rock" title="Indie rock">Indie rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indie_folk" title="Indie folk">Indie folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangle_pop" title="Jangle pop">Jangle pop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunedin Sound">Dunedin Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paisley_Underground" title="Paisley Underground">Paisley Underground</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Math_rock" title="Math rock">Math rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_rave" title="New rave">New rave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slowcore" title="Slowcore">Slowcore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_rock" title="Industrial rock">Industrial rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_metal" title="Industrial metal">Industrial metal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_alternative" title="Latin alternative">Latin alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madchester" title="Madchester">Madchester</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baggy" title="Baggy">Baggy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangue_bit" title="Mangue bit">Mangue bit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-psychedelia" title="Neo-psychedelia">Neo-psychedelia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dream_pop" title="Dream pop">Dream pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoegaze" title="Shoegaze">Shoegaze</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackgaze" title="Blackgaze">Blackgaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_gaze" title="Nu gaze">Nu gaze</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_of_new_wave" title="New wave of new wave">New wave of new wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_pop" title="Noise pop">Noise pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagan_rock" title="Pagan rock">Pagan rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-punk_revival" title="Post-punk revival">Post-punk revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-rock" title="Post-rock">Post-rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-metal" title="Post-metal">Post-metal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slacker_rock" title="Slacker rock">Slacker rock</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Alternative_metal" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_metal" title="Alternative metal">Alternative metal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Funk_metal" title="Funk metal">Funk metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_Deutsche_H%C3%A4rte" title="Neue Deutsche Härte">Neue Deutsche Härte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_metal" title="Nu metal">Nu metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rap_metal" title="Rap metal">Rap metal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_Airplay" title="Alternative Airplay">Alternative Airplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anorak_(slang)" title="Anorak (slang)">Anorak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_alternative_rock_artists" title="List of alternative rock artists">Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C86" title="C86">C86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campus_radio" title="Campus radio">Campus radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_music" title="Independent music">Independent music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_pop" title="Indie pop">Indie pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_record_label" title="Independent record label">Independent record label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lo-fi_music" title="Lo-fi music">Lo-fi music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lollapalooza" title="Lollapalooza">Lollapalooza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outsider_music" title="Outsider music">Outsider music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Alternative_rock" title="Category:Alternative rock">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rock_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rock_music" title="Template:Rock music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rock_music" title="Template talk:Rock music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rock_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rock music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rock_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">Rock music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beat_(music)#Backbeat" title="Beat (music)">Backbeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distortion_(music)" title="Distortion (music)">Distortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Band_(rock_and_pop)" title="Band (rock and pop)">Rock band</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_guitar" title="Electric guitar">Electric guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_guitar" title="Bass guitar">Electric bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_section" title="Rhythm section">Rhythm section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_kit" title="Drum kit">Drum kit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres by decade of origin (sub-subgenres not included)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Instrumental_rock" title="Instrumental rock">Instrumental rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_rock" title="Latin rock">Latin rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_rock" title="Pop rock">Pop rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">Rock and roll</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_rock_and_roll" title="British rock and roll">British</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">Rockabilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_music" title="Surf music">Surf music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_rock" title="Anatolian rock">Anatolian rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_rock" title="Art rock">Art rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_pop" title="Baroque pop">Baroque rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beat_music" title="Beat music">Beat music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blues_rock" title="Blues rock">Blues rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boogie_rock" title="Boogie rock">Boogie rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_pop" title="Chamber pop">Chamber pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_rock" title="Christian rock">Christian rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_rock" title="Comedy rock">Comedy rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_rock" title="Country rock">Country rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_rock" title="Electronic rock">Electronic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_rock" title="Experimental rock">Experimental rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco_rock" title="Flamenco rock">Flamenco rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock">Folk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garage_rock" title="Garage rock">Garage rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_rock" title="Hard rock">Hard rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">Heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jam_band" title="Jam band">Jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_fusion" title="Jazz fusion">Jazz rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krautrock" title="Krautrock">Krautrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_rock" title="Noise rock">Noise rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occult_rock" title="Occult rock">Occult rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">Progressive rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_rock" title="Psychedelic rock">Psychedelic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raga_rock" title="Raga rock">Raga rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roots_rock" title="Roots rock">Roots rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_rock" title="Samba rock">Samba rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_rock" title="Soft rock">Soft rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_rock" title="Southern rock">Southern rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_rock" title="Space rock">Space rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamp_rock" title="Swamp rock">Swamp rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arena_rock" title="Arena rock">Arena rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cock_rock" title="Cock rock">Cock rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance-rock" title="Dance-rock">Dance-rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funk_rock" title="Funk rock">Funk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glam_rock" title="Glam rock">Glam rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heartland_rock" title="Heartland rock">Heartland rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_rock" title="Industrial rock">Industrial rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">New wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-progressive" title="Post-progressive">Post-progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">Post-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_pop" title="Power pop">Power pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pub_rock_(Australia)" title="Pub rock (Australia)">Pub rock (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pub_rock_(United_Kingdom)" title="Pub rock (United Kingdom)">Pub rock (United Kingdom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">Punk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_rock" title="Shock rock">Shock rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_rock" title="Soft rock">Soft rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_kei" title="Visual kei">Visual kei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yacht_rock" title="Yacht rock">Yacht rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alternative rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathrock" title="Deathrock">Deathrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dream_pop" title="Dream pop">Dream pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_rock" title="Gothic rock">Gothic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grebo_(music)" title="Grebo (music)">Grebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grunge" title="Grunge">Grunge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_rock" title="Indie rock">Indie rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangle_pop" title="Jangle pop">Jangle pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rap_rock" title="Rap rock">Rap rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_kapak" title="Rock kapak">Rock kapak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoegaze" title="Shoegaze">Shoegaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slacker_rock" title="Slacker rock">Slacker rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_rock" title="Tropical rock">Trop rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britpop" title="Britpop">Britpop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emo" title="Emo">Emo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Math_rock" title="Math rock">Math rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-rock" title="Post-rock">Post-rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_rock" title="Stoner rock">Stoner rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_rock" title="Sufi rock">Sufi rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_rock" title="Viking rock">Viking rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional scenes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_rock" title="American rock">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Desert_Scene" title="Palm Desert Scene">Palm Desert Scene</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_of_Canada" title="Rock music of Canada">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Costa_Rica#Rock_music" title="Music of Costa Rica">Costa Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_rock" title="Cuban rock">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_rock" title="Dominican rock">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_rock" title="Haitian rock">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Mexico" title="Rock music in Mexico">Mexican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_rock" title="Chicano rock">Chicano rock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Music of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rican</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_rock" title="Argentine rock">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_rock" title="Brazilian rock">Brazilian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_thrash_metal" title="Brazilian thrash metal">Brazilian thrash metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_rock" title="Samba rock">Samba rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropic%C3%A1lia" title="Tropicália">Tropicália</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_rock" title="Chilean rock">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_rock" title="Colombian rock">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_rock" title="Ecuadorian rock">Ecuadorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_rock" title="Peruvian rock">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_rock" title="Uruguayan rock">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_rock" title="Venezuelan rock">Venezuelan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Albania" title="Rock music in Albania">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Belarus" title="Rock music in Belarus">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Belgium" title="Rock music in Belgium">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Rock music in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_rock_music" title="British rock music">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_rock_and_roll" title="British rock and roll">British rock and roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britpop" title="Britpop">Britpop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-Britpop" title="Post-Britpop">Post-Britpop</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Croatia#Rock" title="Music of Croatia">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Denmark" title="Rock music in Denmark">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_the_Netherlands" title="Rock music in the Netherlands">Dutch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indorock" title="Indorock">Indorock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederbeat" title="Nederbeat">Nederbeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_(music)" title="Ultra (music)">Ultra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Estonia" title="Rock music in Estonia">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Finland" title="Rock music in Finland">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_France" title="Rock music in France">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Germany" title="Rock music in Germany">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Greece" title="Rock music in Greece">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Hungary" title="Rock music in Hungary">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Iceland" title="Rock music in Iceland">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Ireland" title="Rock music in Ireland">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Italy" title="Rock music in Italy">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Latvia" title="Rock music in Latvia">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Lithuania" title="Rock music in Lithuania">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Macedonia#Rock_music" title="Music of North Macedonia">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Norway" title="Rock music in Norway">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Poland" title="Rock music in Poland">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Portugal" title="Rock music in Portugal">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Romania" title="Rock music in Romania">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Russia" title="Rock music in Russia">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Serbia" title="Rock music in Serbia">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Slovenia" title="Rock music in Slovenia">Slovenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Spain" title="Rock music in Spain">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Sweden" title="Popular music in Sweden">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Switzerland" title="Rock music in Switzerland">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Ukraine" title="Rock music in Ukraine">Ukrainian</a></li> <li>Yugoslavian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Art_rock" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Art rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Hard_rock_and_heavy_metal" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Hard rock and heavy metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Extreme_metal" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Extreme metal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Neo-rockabilly" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Neo-rockabilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_music_in_Yugoslavia" title="New wave music in Yugoslavia">New wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Post-punk" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Post-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock_in_Yugoslavia" title="Punk rock in Yugoslavia">Punk</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_rock" title="Armenian rock">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_rock" title="Azerbaijani rock">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_rock" title="Bangladeshi rock">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cambodia#Cambodian_rock_and_pop" title="Music of Cambodia">Cambodian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cambodian_rock_(1960s%E2%80%931970s)" title="Cambodian rock (1960s–1970s)">1959–1975</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_rock" title="Chinese rock">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy_rock" title="Pinoy rock">Filipino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bisrock" title="Bisrock">Bisrock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rock" title="Indian rock">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_of_West_Bengal" title="Rock music of West Bengal">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raga_rock" title="Raga rock">Raga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_rock" title="Indonesian rock">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_rock" title="Iranian rock">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_rock" title="Israeli rock">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_rock" title="Japanese rock">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_kei" title="Visual kei">Visual kei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_rock" title="Korean rock">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_rock" title="Malaysian rock">Malaysian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_kapak" title="Rock kapak">Rock kapak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_rock" title="Nepalese rock">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_rock" title="Pakistani rock">Pakistani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_rock" title="Sufi rock">Sufi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Russia" title="Rock music in Russia">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_rock" title="Taiwanese rock">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_rock" title="Thai rock">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_rock" title="Anatolian rock">Turkish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Angola" title="Rock music in Angola">Angolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_blues" title="Desert blues">Sahara desert region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamrock" title="Zamrock">Zambian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Australia" title="Rock music in Australia">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_New_Zealand" title="Rock music in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio formats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_rock" title="Active rock">Active rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adult_album_alternative" title="Adult album alternative">Adult album alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Album-oriented_rock" title="Album-oriented rock">Album-oriented rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_rock" title="Classic rock">Classic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainstream_rock" title="Mainstream rock">Mainstream rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_rock" title="Modern rock">Modern rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock_(radio_format)" title="Progressive rock (radio format)">Progressive rock (radio format)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>History</li><li>Culture</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Invasion" title="British Invasion">British Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_rock_music" title="List of years in rock music">List of years in rock music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_rock_and_roll" title="Origins of rock and roll">Origins of rock and roll</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">Rhythm and blues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronics_in_rock_music" title="Electronics in rock music">Electronics in rock music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_effects_of_rock_music" title="Social effects of rock music">Social effects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Communism" title="Rock Against Communism">Rock Against Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Racism" title="Rock Against Racism">Rock Against Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Sexism" title="Rock Against Sexism">Rock Against Sexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_and_the_fall_of_communism" title="Rock music and the fall of communism">Rock music and the fall of communism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockism_and_poptimism" title="Rockism and poptimism">Rockism and poptimism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_rock" title="Women in rock">Women in rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatlesque" title="Beatlesque">Beatlesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rock_genres" title="List of rock genres">List of rock genres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorik" title="Motorik">Motorik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_country" title="Outlaw country">Outlaw country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_music" title="Progressive music">Progressive music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_concert" title="Rock concert">Rock concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_festival" title="Rock festival">Rock festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_musical" title="Rock musical">Rock musical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_opera" title="Rock opera">Rock opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagnerian_rock" title="Wagnerian rock">Wagnerian rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_of_Sound" title="Wall of Sound">Wall of Sound</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /><a href="/wiki/Category:Rock_music" title="Category:Rock music">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Rock_music" title="Portal:Rock music">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <a 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