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<span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dishes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dishes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Dishes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dishes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Dishes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dishes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Savory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Savory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Savory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Savory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sweet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sweet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Sweet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sweet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_baking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_baking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In baking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_baking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Semolina</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semolina" title="Semolina – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Semolina" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="سميد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سميد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mann%C4%B1" title="Mannı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mannı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF" title="সুজি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সুজি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Грис – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Грис" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semoul" title="Semoul – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Semoul" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8mola" title="Sèmola – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sèmola" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krupice" title="Krupice – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Krupice" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semolina" title="Semolina – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Semolina" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semulje" title="Semulje – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Semulje" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grie%C3%9F" title="Grieß – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Grieß" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%B3%CE%B4%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B9" title="Σιμιγδάλι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σιμιγδάλι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9mola" title="Sémola – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sémola" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semolo" title="Semolo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Semolo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irin_larri" title="Irin larri – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Irin larri" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="سمولینا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سمولینا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semoule" title="Semoule – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Semoule" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seimil%C3%ADn" title="Seimilín – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Seimilín" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9mola" title="Sémola – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sémola" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%80" title="સોજી – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સોજી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EB%AA%B0%EB%A6%AC%EB%82%98" title="세몰리나 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="세몰리나" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B1%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Սպիտակաձավար – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սպիտակաձավար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="सूजी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सूजी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semolo" title="Semolo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Semolo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semolina" title="Semolina – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Semolina" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semolino" title="Semolino – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Semolino" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%AA" title="סולת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סולת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9molina" title="Sémolina – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sémolina" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%86" title="ರವೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರವೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manna" title="Manna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Manna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man%C5%B3_kruopos" title="Manų kruopos – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Manų kruopos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semolina" title="Semolina – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Semolina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griesmeel" title="Griesmeel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Griesmeel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="सुजी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सुजी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%83%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%83%8A" title="セモリナ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="セモリナ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semule" title="Semule – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Semule" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semulegryn" title="Semulegryn – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Semulegryn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semola" title="Semola – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Semola" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="سوجی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سوجی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semolina" title="Semolina – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Semolina" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AAmola" title="Sêmola – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sêmola" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gri%C8%99" title="Griș – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Griș" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Манная крупа – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Манная крупа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%82" title="රුලං – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රුලං" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semolina" title="Semolina – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Semolina" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannagryn" title="Mannagryn – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mannagryn" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88" title="ரவை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ரவை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awren" title="Awren – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Awren" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Бодай ярмасы – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Бодай ярмасы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0rmik" title="İrmik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İrmik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B8" title="Манні 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</div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Coarse, purified milled wheat</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Semolina_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Semolina (disambiguation)">Semolina (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowrap"><caption class="infobox-title" style="white-space:normal; padding-bottom:0.15em;">Semolina</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sa_semolina_far.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Sa_semolina_far.jpg/235px-Sa_semolina_far.jpg" decoding="async" width="235" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Sa_semolina_far.jpg/353px-Sa_semolina_far.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Sa_semolina_far.jpg/470px-Sa_semolina_far.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Energy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,506 kJ (360 kcal)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">Carbohydrates</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">72.83 g</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">Dietary fiber</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">3.9 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">1.05 g</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Saturated_fat" title="Saturated fat">Saturated</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.15 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Monounsaturated_fat" title="Monounsaturated fat">Monounsaturated</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.124 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Polyunsaturated_fat" title="Polyunsaturated fat">Polyunsaturated</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.43 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Protein (nutrient)">Protein</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">12.68 g</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Vitamins and minerals</div></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamins</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">Vitamin A equiv.</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 0 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Thiamine" title="Thiamine">Thiamine (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">1</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">23%</div> 0.28 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Riboflavin" title="Riboflavin">Riboflavin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">2</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">6%</div> 0.08 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Niacin_(nutrient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacin (nutrient)">Niacin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">3</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">21%</div> 3.31 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">Vitamin B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;">6</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">6%</div> 0.1 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">Folate (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">9</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">18%</div> 72 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B12" title="Vitamin B12">Vitamin B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;">12</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 0 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin C</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 0 mg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)" title="Mineral (nutrient)">Minerals</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_in_biology#Humans" title="Calcium in biology">Calcium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 17 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Copper_in_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Copper in health">Copper</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">22%</div> 0.2 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism" title="Human iron metabolism">Iron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">7%</div> 1.23 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology" title="Magnesium in biology">Magnesium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">11%</div> 47 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus#Biological_role" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">11%</div> 136 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology" title="Potassium in biology">Potassium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">6%</div> 186 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Selenium_in_biology" title="Selenium in biology">Selenium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">14%</div> 7.74 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_in_biology" title="Sodium in biology">Sodium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 1 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc#Biological_role" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">10%</div> 1.05 mg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em">Other constituents</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">Water</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">12.67 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below wrap" style="background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.3em;line-height:1.5em;font-weight:normal;font-size:0.9em"><sup>†</sup>Percentages estimated using <a href="/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake#Daily_Values" title="Reference Daily Intake">US recommendations</a> for adults,<sup id="cite_ref-FDADailyValues_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDADailyValues-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from <a href="/wiki/National_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine" title="National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine">the National Academies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Semolina</b> is the name given to roughly milled <a href="/wiki/Durum" class="mw-redirect" title="Durum">durum wheat</a> mainly used in making <a href="/wiki/Pasta" title="Pasta">pasta</a><sup id="cite_ref-m-w_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m-w-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and sweet <a href="/wiki/Pudding" title="Pudding">puddings</a>. The term <i>semolina</i> is also used to designate coarse millings of other varieties of wheat, and sometimes other grains (such as <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a> or <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a>) as well. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semolina&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Semolina is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> word <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">semolino</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1790–1800; alteration of Italian <i><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">semolino</i></span></i>, equivalent to <i>semol(a</i>) "bran" (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">simila</i>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'flour') + <i>-ino</i> diminutive suffix. Of Semitic origin; Arabic root is samid (سميد) and Hebrew root <i>smd</i> "to grind into <a href="/wiki/Groat_(grain)" title="Groat (grain)">groats</a>" (<i>cf.</i> <i><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">samīd</i></span></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semolina&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rava-close2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Rava-close2.jpg/220px-Rava-close2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Rava-close2.jpg/330px-Rava-close2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Rava-close2.jpg/440px-Rava-close2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>Semolina grains in close-up</figcaption></figure> <p>Modern milling of wheat into <a href="/wiki/Flour" title="Flour">flour</a> is a process that employs grooved steel rollers. The rollers are adjusted so that the space between them is slightly narrower than the width of the wheat kernels. As the wheat is fed into the mill, the rollers flake off the <a href="/wiki/Bran" title="Bran">bran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cereal_germ" title="Cereal germ">germ</a> while the <a href="/wiki/Starch" title="Starch">starch</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Endosperm" title="Endosperm">endosperm</a>) is cracked into coarse pieces in the process. Through <a href="/wiki/Sifting" class="mw-redirect" title="Sifting">sifting</a>, these <a href="/wiki/Endosperm" title="Endosperm">endosperm</a> particles, the semolina, are separated from the bran. The semolina is then ground into flour. This greatly simplifies the process of separating the endosperm from the bran and germ, as well as making it possible to separate the endosperm into different grades because the inner part of the endosperm tends to break down into smaller pieces than the outer part. Different grades of flour can thus be produced.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semolina&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Semolina made from hard durum wheat (<a href="/wiki/Durum" class="mw-redirect" title="Durum"><i>Triticum turgidum</i> subsp. <i>durum</i></a>) is pale yellow in color.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It may be milled either coarse or fine, and both are used in a wide variety of sweet and savory dishes, including many types of <a href="/wiki/Pasta" title="Pasta">pasta</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Semolina_grains.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Two piles of semolina grains plain (left) and toasted (right)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Semolina_grains.jpg/220px-Semolina_grains.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Semolina_grains.jpg/330px-Semolina_grains.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Semolina_grains.jpg/440px-Semolina_grains.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Semolina ground, plain (left) and toasted (right)</figcaption></figure> <p>Semolina made from common wheat (<a href="/wiki/Common_Wheat" class="mw-redirect" title="Common Wheat"><i>Triticum aestivum</i></a>) is beige in color. In the United States, it is called <a href="/wiki/Farina_(food)" title="Farina (food)">farina</a> (not to be confused with Italian <i>farina</i>, which is common-wheat flour), and it is used more often for desserts than for savory foods. On the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>, common-wheat semolina may be milled either coarse or fine, and both are used in a wide variety of both sweet and savory dishes. Common names in other languages include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i>semola di grano duro</i>; coarse (no descriptor), fine <i>rimacinata</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <i>simigdáli</i> σιμιγδάλι; coarse <i>chondró</i> χονδρό, fine <i>psiló</i> ψιλό</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <i>samīd</i> سميد; coarse <i>ḵašin</i> خشن, fine <i>nāʿim</i> ناعم</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i>irmik</i>; coarse <i>iri</i>, fine <i>ince</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: <i>sooji</i> سوجی</li> <li>Hindustani: <i>baṃsī ravā</i>, <i>bansi rava</i> बंसी रवा (milled only coarse, not fine)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a>: <i>sūjī</i> চুজি</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangla_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangla language">Bangla</a>: <i>śūjī</i> সুজি</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a>: <i>sōjī</i> સોજી</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a>: <i>sūjī</i> सूजी/سوجی, or <i>ravā</i> रवा; coarse <i>moṭī</i> मोटी, fine <i>bārīk</i> बारीक</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a>: <i>rave</i> ರವೆ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a>: <i>ṟava</i> റവ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_language" title="Maldivian language">Dhivehi</a>: <i>ravā</i> ރަވާ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a>: <i>ravā</i> रवा</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a>: <i>sūjī</i> सूजी</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a>: <i>sūjī</i> ਸੂਜੀ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_language" title="Sinhala language">Sinhala</a>: <i>rulang</i> රුලං</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>: <i>ravai</i> ரவை</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a>: <i>ravva</i> రవ్వ</li></ul> <p>Broadly speaking, meal produced from grains other than wheat may also be referred to as semolina, e.g., rice semolina and corn semolina. Corn semolina is commonly called <a href="/wiki/Grits" title="Grits">grits</a> in the United States.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dishes">Dishes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semolina&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Dishes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Semolina" title="Special:EditPage/Semolina">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2025</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Savory">Savory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semolina&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Savory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia-Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnia-Herzegovina">Bosnia-Herzegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, (durum) semolina is known as <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Grie%C3%9F" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Grieß">(Hartweizen-)Grieß</a></i> (a word related to "<a href="/wiki/Grits" title="Grits">grits</a>") and is mixed with egg to make <i><a href="/wiki/Kn%C3%B6del" title="Knödel">Grießknödel</a></i>, which can be added to soup. The particles are fairly coarse, between 0.25 and 0.75 millimeters in diameter. It is also cooked in milk and sprinkled with chocolate to be eaten as breakfast. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, (durum) semolina is used to make a type of soup by directly boiling fine semolina in vegetable or chicken broth. Semolina can also be used for making a type of <a href="/wiki/Gnocchi" title="Gnocchi">gnocchi</a> called <i><a href="/wiki/Gnocchi_alla_romana" title="Gnocchi alla romana">gnocchi alla romana</a></i>, where semolina is mixed with milk, cheese and butter to form a log, then cut in discs and baked with cheese and <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9chamel_sauce" title="Béchamel sauce">bechamel</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sanza_upma_(49712703693).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Sanza_upma_%2849712703693%29.jpg/220px-Sanza_upma_%2849712703693%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Sanza_upma_%2849712703693%29.jpg/330px-Sanza_upma_%2849712703693%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Sanza_upma_%2849712703693%29.jpg/440px-Sanza_upma_%2849712703693%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Upma, or sanza, a savory dish made across India</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rava_Idli_(6005561226).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Rava_Idli_%286005561226%29.jpg/200px-Rava_Idli_%286005561226%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Rava_Idli_%286005561226%29.jpg/300px-Rava_Idli_%286005561226%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Rava_Idli_%286005561226%29.jpg/400px-Rava_Idli_%286005561226%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Steamed savory semolina <a href="/wiki/Rava_idli" title="Rava idli">rava idlis</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Semolina is a common food in <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>, especially among <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigerians</a>. It is eaten as either lunch or dinner with stew or soup. It is prepared just like <a href="/wiki/Eba" title="Eba">eba</a> (cassava flour) or <a href="/wiki/Fufu" title="Fufu">fufu</a> with water and boiled for 5 to 10 minutes. </p><p>In much of <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>, durum semolina is made into the staple <a href="/wiki/Couscous" title="Couscous">couscous</a> and different kinds of flat breads like <a href="/wiki/M%27semen" class="mw-redirect" title="M'semen">m'semen</a>, kesra, khobz and other. </p><p>In Pakistan and North India semolina is called sooji, and in <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South India</a>, rava. Semolina is used to make savory <a href="/wiki/South_indian_food" class="mw-redirect" title="South indian food">South Indian foods</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Rava_dosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Rava dosa">rava dosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rava_idli" title="Rava idli">rava idli</a>, rava kitchri and <a href="/wiki/Upma" title="Upma">upma</a>. It is used to coat slices of fish before it is pan-fried in oil. <a href="/wiki/Roti" title="Roti">Rotis</a> can also be made from semolina. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sweet">Sweet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semolina&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sweet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the UK, the flour is mixed with hot milk, sugar and vanilla to make a warm pudding dessert. It has fallen out of favour in recent times due to the slight coarseness that the grains retain. At one time it was a staple pudding served in school lunches. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Griesmeelpudding_met_rode_bessen_saus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Griesmeelpudding_met_rode_bessen_saus.jpg/200px-Griesmeelpudding_met_rode_bessen_saus.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Griesmeelpudding_met_rode_bessen_saus.jpg/300px-Griesmeelpudding_met_rode_bessen_saus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Griesmeelpudding_met_rode_bessen_saus.jpg/400px-Griesmeelpudding_met_rode_bessen_saus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1871" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dutch_cuisine" title="Dutch cuisine">Dutch</a> semolina pudding (<i>griesmeelpudding</i>) with a <a href="/wiki/Redcurrant" title="Redcurrant">redcurrant</a> sauce</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Debesmanna.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Debesmanna.JPG/200px-Debesmanna.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Debesmanna.JPG/300px-Debesmanna.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Debesmanna.JPG/400px-Debesmanna.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Redcurrant" title="Redcurrant">Redcurrant</a> semolina <a href="/wiki/Mousse" title="Mousse">mousse</a> (<i>jāņogu debesmanna</i>)</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia-Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnia-Herzegovina">Bosnia-Herzegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, common wheat semolina is called <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Weichweizengrieß</i></span></i> in <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, but is often referred to as <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Grieß</i></span></i>). It is often cooked with milk and sugar or cooked with just milk and then topped with sugar, <a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">cinnamon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ovaltine" title="Ovaltine">Ovaltine</a> or other sweet toppings. A dollop of butter is also often added. This dish is called <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grie%C3%9Fkoch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grießkoch (page does not exist)">Grießkoch</a></i> in Austria, <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Grießbrei</i></span></i> in Germany, and <a href="/wiki/Semolina_pudding" title="Semolina pudding">semolina pudding</a> in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>. <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Grießauflauf</i></span></i> consists of semolina mixed with whipped egg whites, and sometimes fruit or nuts, and then baked in the oven. </p><p>A baked dish containing semolina called <i>migliaccio</i> is found in the Neapolitan tradition in Italy. Migliaccio is a mixture of ricotta, <a href="/wiki/Vanilla" title="Vanilla">vanilla</a> and citrus peel, similar to the filling in <a href="/wiki/Sfogliatella" title="Sfogliatella">sfogliatelle</a>, with added semolina flour to obtain a simple, firm cake. </p><p>In Slovakia, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, it is eaten as a breakfast porridge, sometimes mixed with <a href="/wiki/Raisin" title="Raisin">raisins</a> and served with milk. In <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>, it is known as <i><span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">mannagrynsgröt</i></span></i>, or boiled together with blueberries, as <i><span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">blåbärsgröt</i></span></i>. In Sweden, Estonia, Finland, and Latvia, semolina is boiled together with juice from berries and then whipped into a light, airy consistency to create <i><span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">klappgröt</i></span></i> (Swedish name), also known as <i><span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">vispipuuro</i></span></i> (Finnish name) or <i><span title="Estonian-language text"><i lang="et">mannavaht</i></span></i> (Estonian name) or <i><span title="Latvian-language text"><i lang="lv">debessmanna</i></span></i> (Latvian name). This dessert often eaten in the summer. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Basbousa" title="Basbousa">basbousa</a></i> (also called <i>harisa</i> in some <a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Arabic" title="Varieties of Arabic">varieties of Arabic</a>) is a sweet semolina cake soaked in fragrant syrup and frequently topped with nuts. In <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>, it is also used to make <a href="/wiki/Harcha" title="Harcha">harcha</a>, a kind of griddle cake often eaten for breakfast, commonly with jam or honey.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Baghrir" title="Baghrir">Baghrir</a>, a <a href="/wiki/North_African" class="mw-redirect" title="North African">North African</a> pancake, is also made with semolina or flour that is served for breakfast. </p><p>In Indian subcontinent, semolina (called Rava, suji or shuji) is used for such sweets as <a href="/wiki/Suji_ka_halwa" title="Suji ka halwa">halwa</a> and rava kesari. Semolina vermicelli is also used to make a pudding called <b>seviyan</b>. In <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, semolina is called suji and is used for preparing sweet dishes such as haluwa or puwa. In <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> (Burma), semolina (called shwegyi) is used in a popular dessert called <a href="/wiki/Sanwin_makin" title="Sanwin makin">sanwin makin</a>. In Sri Lanka semolina is called <i>rulan</i> and used to make creamy porridge and a sweet confectionery called "rulan aluwa". </p><p><a href="/wiki/Halwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Halwa">Halwa</a> is sometimes made with semolina cooked with sugar, butter, milk, or pine nuts. It is a popular treat in <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> (<i>helva</i>), <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, (<i><a href="/wiki/Halva" title="Halva">halvas</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> (<i>halvas</i>), <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> (<i>halva</i>), <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> (<i>halva</i>), <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> (<i>halva</i>), <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> (<i>halua</i>), <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> (<i>halawa</i>), and <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> (<i>khalva</i>). In Turkey, sweet dishes called <a href="/wiki/Revani" class="mw-redirect" title="Revani">revani</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eekerpare" title="Şekerpare">şekerpare</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eambali" title="Şambali">şambali</a> are made with semolina. In Greece, the dessert <a href="/wiki/Galaktoboureko" title="Galaktoboureko">galaktoboureko</a> is made by making a custard from the semolina and then wrapping it in phyllo sheets. In Cyprus, the semolina may be mixed also with almond cordial to create a light, water-based pudding. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_baking">In baking</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semolina&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In baking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As an alternative to corn meal, semolina can be used to flour the baking surface to prevent sticking. In bread making, a small proportion of durum semolina added to the usual mix of flour is said to produce a tasty crust.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Seems to be original research (April 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semolina&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guriev_porridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Guriev porridge">Guriev porridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_rava" title="Bombay rava">Bombay rava</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semolina&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FDADailyValues-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FDADailyValues_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Food_and_Drug_Administration2024" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">United States Food and Drug Administration</a> (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/daily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels">"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"</a>. <i>FDA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327175201/https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/daily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-03-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FDA&rft.atitle=Daily+Value+on+the+Nutrition+and+Supplement+Facts+Labels&rft.date=2024&rft.au=United+States+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Ffood%2Fnutrition-facts-label%2Fdaily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_MedicineHealth_and_Medicine_DivisionFood_and_Nutrition_BoardCommittee_to_Review_the_Dietary_Reference_Intakes_for_Sodium_and_Potassium2019" class="citation book cs1">National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/25353/chapter/8#120">"Chapter 4: Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy"</a>. In Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.). <i>Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium</i>. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US). pp. <span class="nowrap">120–</span>121. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17226%2F25353">10.17226/25353</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-309-48834-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-309-48834-1"><bdi>978-0-309-48834-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30844154">30844154</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-12-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+4%3A+Potassium%3A+Dietary+Reference+Intakes+for+Adequacy&rft.btitle=Dietary+Reference+Intakes+for+Sodium+and+Potassium&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=The+National+Academies+Collection%3A+Reports+funded+by+National+Institutes+of+Health&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E120-%3C%2Fspan%3E121&rft.pub=National+Academies+Press+%28US%29&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30844154&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17226%2F25353&rft.isbn=978-0-309-48834-1&rft.au=National+Academies+of+Sciences%2C+Engineering%2C+and+Medicine&rft.au=Health+and+Medicine+Division&rft.au=Food+and+Nutrition+Board&rft.au=Committee+to+Review+the+Dietary+Reference+Intakes+for+Sodium+and+Potassium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnap.nationalacademies.org%2Fread%2F25353%2Fchapter%2F8%23120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-m-w-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-m-w_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/semolina">"Semolina – Definition"</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster&rft.atitle=Semolina+%E2%80%93+Definition&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fsemolina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/175791?redirectedFrom=semolina">"Semolina"</a></span>. <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Semolina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F175791%3FredirectedFrom%3Dsemolina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=semolina">"semolina"</a>. <i>The American Heritage Dictionary</i>. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=semolina&rft.btitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt+Publishing+Company&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3Dsemolina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wayne Gisslen (2001), <i>Professional Baking</i>, John Wiley & Sons</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120906172809/http://spiritfoods.net/semolina-flour/">"Semolina Flour"</a>. Spiritfoods. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spiritfoods.net/semolina-flour/">the original</a> on 6 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Semolina+Flour&rft.pub=Spiritfoods&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspiritfoods.net%2Fsemolina-flour%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnthony_HamPaula_HardyAlison_Bing2007" class="citation book cs1">Anthony Ham; Paula Hardy; Alison Bing (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V_IMx-YYvJYC&q=briouat&pg=PA74"><i>Morocco</i></a>. Lonely Planet. p. 74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74059-974-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74059-974-0"><bdi>978-1-74059-974-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Morocco&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-74059-974-0&rft.au=Anthony+Ham&rft.au=Paula+Hardy&rft.au=Alison+Bing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV_IMx-YYvJYC%26q%3Dbriouat%26pg%3DPA74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemolina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semolina&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Semolina_and_wheat_farina" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Semolina and wheat farina">Semolina and wheat farina</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Semolina">"Semolina"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Semolina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FSemolina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemolina" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: wheat"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wheat271" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">Wheat</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: wheat;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_of_wheat" title="Taxonomy of wheat">Types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_wheat" title="Common wheat">Common</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_wheat" title="Marquis wheat">Marquis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norin_10_wheat" title="Norin 10 wheat">Norin 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Fife_wheat" title="Red Fife wheat">Red Fife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_wheat" title="Winter wheat">Winter wheat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durum_wheat" title="Durum wheat">Durum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einkorn" title="Einkorn">Einkorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmer" title="Emmer">Emmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorasan_wheat" title="Khorasan wheat">Khorasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spelt" title="Spelt">Spelt</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USDA_wheat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/USDA_wheat.jpg/120px-USDA_wheat.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/USDA_wheat.jpg/180px-USDA_wheat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/USDA_wheat.jpg/240px-USDA_wheat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2150" data-file-height="3151" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: wheat;width:1%">Agronomy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_diseases" title="Wheat diseases">Wheat diseases</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wheat_diseases" title="List of wheat diseases">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_mildew" title="Wheat mildew">Wheat mildew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hessian_fly" title="Hessian fly">Hessian fly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: wheat;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grain_trade" title="Grain trade">Trade</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AWB_Limited" title="AWB Limited">Australian Wheat Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Wheat_Board" title="Canadian Wheat Board">Canadian Wheat Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_exchange" title="Corn exchange">Corn exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_wheat_exports" title="List of countries by wheat exports">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Grains_Council" title="International Grains Council">International Wheat Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peak_wheat" title="Peak wheat">Peak wheat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_wheat_production_statistics" class="mw-redirect" title="International wheat production statistics">Production statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_premium" title="Protein premium">Protein premium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_pools_in_Canada" title="Wheat pools in Canada">Wheat pools in Canada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: wheat;width:1%">Plant parts and their uses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Plant_stem" title="Plant stem">Stalk</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Straw" title="Straw">Straw</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">Seed</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bran" title="Bran">Bran</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cereal_germ" title="Cereal germ">Germ</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chaff" title="Chaff">Chaff</a> (husk)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Endosperm" title="Endosperm">Endosperm</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Gluten" title="Gluten">Gluten</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Germinated_wheat" title="Germinated wheat">Sprouts</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: wheat;width:1%">Basic preparation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>None</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wheat_berry" title="Wheat berry">Berries</a> or <a href="/wiki/Groats" class="mw-redirect" title="Groats">groats</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Mill_(grinding)" title="Mill (grinding)">Milling</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Farina_(food)" title="Farina (food)">Farina</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wheat_flour" title="Wheat flour">Flour</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wheat_middlings" title="Wheat middlings">Middlings</a></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Semolina</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Parboiling" title="Parboiling">Parboiling</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bulgur" title="Bulgur">Bulgur</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: wheat;width:1%">As an ingredient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bread" title="Bread">Bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couscous" title="Couscous">Couscous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cracker_(food)" title="Cracker (food)">Cracker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatbread" title="Flatbread">Flatbread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasta" title="Pasta">Pasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_beer" title="Wheat beer">Wheat beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_germ_oil" title="Wheat germ oil">Wheat germ oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_gluten_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheat gluten (food)">Wheat gluten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: wheat;width:1%">Associated human diseases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anaphylaxis" title="Anaphylaxis">Anaphylaxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gluten-related_disorders" title="Gluten-related disorders">Gluten-related disorders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coeliac_disease" title="Coeliac disease">coeliac disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-celiac_gluten_sensitivity" title="Non-celiac gluten sensitivity">non-celiac gluten sensitivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_allergy" title="Wheat allergy">wheat allergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dermatitis_herpetiformis" title="Dermatitis herpetiformis">dermatitis herpetiformis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ataxia" title="Ataxia">ataxia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: wheat;width:1%">Related concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_riot" title="Food riot">Bread riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_breeding" title="Plant breeding">Plant breeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refined_grains" title="Refined grains">Refined grains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staple_food" title="Staple food">Staple food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheatpaste" title="Wheatpaste">Wheatpaste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whole_grain" title="Whole grain">Whole grain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shattering_(agriculture)" title="Shattering (agriculture)">Shattering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Abu_Hureyra" title="Tell Abu Hureyra">Tell Abu Hureyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Aswad" title="Tell Aswad">Tell Aswad</a></li></ul> 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