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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>The Belizean Crown and its aspects</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-The_Belizean_Crown_and_its_aspects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle The Belizean Crown and its aspects subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-The_Belizean_Crown_and_its_aspects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Title" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Title"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Title</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Title-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Succession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Succession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Succession</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Executive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Foreign affairs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Assembly" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Assembly"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>National Assembly</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Assembly-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Courts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Courts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Courts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Courts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_role" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_role"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cultural role</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultural_role-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cultural role subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cultural_role-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Crown_and_Honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Crown_and_Honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>The Crown and Honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Crown_and_Honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Crown_and_the_Defence_Force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Crown_and_the_Defence_Force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>The Crown and the Defence Force</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Crown_and_the_Defence_Force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Crown_and_the_Police_Force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Crown_and_the_Police_Force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>The Crown and the Police Force</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Crown_and_the_Police_Force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Royal_symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Royal symbols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Royal_visits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_visits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Royal visits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_visits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.1</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.2</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Debate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Debate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Debate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Debate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_Belizean_monarchs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_Belizean_monarchs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>List of Belizean monarchs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_Belizean_monarchs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > 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mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="النظام الملكي في بليز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="النظام الملكي في بليز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchie_b%C3%A9lizienne" title="Monarchie bélizienne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Monarchie bélizienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="बेलीज़ियाइ राजतंत्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बेलीज़ियाइ राजतंत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarki_Belize" title="Monarki Belize – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Monarki Belize" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA%E5%9B%BD%E7%8E%8B" title="ベリーズ国王 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ベリーズ国王" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarcha_Belize" title="Monarcha Belize – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Monarcha Belize" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Белизская монархия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Белизская монархия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belize" title="Monarchy of Belize – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Monarchy of Belize" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%8B" title="พระมหากษัตริย์เบลีซ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระมหากษัตริย์เบลีซ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belize_monar%C5%9Fisi" title="Belize monarşisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Belize monarşisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%83" title="Монархія Белізу – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Монархія Белізу" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E5%85%B9%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="伯利兹君主 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伯利兹君主" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q47198#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr">King of <span class="country-name">Belize</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Belize.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Belize.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Belize.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Belize.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Belize.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Belize.svg/240px-Coat_of_arms_of_Belize.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="335" data-file-height="335" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Belize" title="Coat of arms of Belize">Coat of arms of Belize</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546">Incumbent</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Charles_III_(July_2023).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg/200px-King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg/300px-King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg/400px-King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="727" data-file-height="1025" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></span></b><br />since 8 September 2022</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Style</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Majesty" title="Majesty">His Majesty</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">Heir apparent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wales" title="William, Prince of Wales">William, Prince of Wales</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data">21 September 1981</td></tr></tbody></table><p>The <b>monarchy of Belize</b> is a system of government in which a hereditary <a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">monarch</a> is the sovereign and <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a>. The current Belizean monarch and head of state since 8 September 2022, is <a href="/wiki/King_Charles_III" class="mw-redirect" title="King Charles III">King Charles III</a>. As sovereign, he is the personal embodiment of the Belizean Crown. Although the person of the sovereign is shared with 14 other independent countries within the Commonwealth of Nations, each country's monarchy is separate and legally distinct. As a result, the current monarch is officially titled <i>King</i> <i>of Belize</i> and, in this capacity, he and other members of the <a href="/wiki/British_Royal_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="British Royal Family">royal family</a> undertake public and private functions as representatives of the Belizean state. However, the King is the only member of the royal family with any <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Belize" title="Constitution of Belize">constitutional</a> role. </p><p>All <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive</a> authority is vested in the monarch, and <a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">royal assent</a> is required for the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Belize)" title="National Assembly (Belize)">National Assembly</a> to enact laws and for <a href="/wiki/Letters_patent" title="Letters patent">letters patent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Order_in_Council" title="Order in Council">Orders in Council</a> to have legal effect. Most of the powers are exercised by the elected members of parliament, government ministers, and judges. Other powers vested in the monarch are significant but are treated only as <a href="/wiki/Reserve_power" title="Reserve power">reserve powers</a> and as an important security part of the role of the monarchy. </p><p>The Crown today primarily functions as a guarantor of continuous and stable governance and a nonpartisan safeguard against the <a href="/wiki/Abuse_of_power" title="Abuse of power">abuse of power</a>. While some powers are exercisable only by the sovereign, most of the monarch's operational and ceremonial duties are exercised by his representative, the <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Belize" title="Governor-General of Belize">governor-general of Belize</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Belize&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/British_Honduras" title="British Honduras">British Honduras</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:260px; border-width: 1px; font-size: 88%;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Her Majesty The Queen</a> played an important role in the existence of Belize. Had we not been under her realm, we would not be Belize. We would have been swallowed by another nation.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="right-aligned" style="">Former Government Minister Hector Silva, 2022</cite></p> </div> <p>In 1836, after the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_American_wars_of_independence" title="Spanish American wars of independence">emancipation of Central America from Spanish rule</a>, the British claimed the right to administer the region nowadays known as <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a>. In 1862, the Settlement of Belize in the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Honduras" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay of Honduras">Bay of Honduras</a> was declared a British colony called <a href="/wiki/British_Honduras" title="British Honduras">British Honduras</a>, and the crown's representative was elevated to a <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor" title="Lieutenant governor">lieutenant governor</a>, subordinate to the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Jamaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Jamaica">governor of Jamaica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cs_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under a new constitution, the United Kingdom granted British Honduras self-governance in 1964. On 1 June 1973, British Honduras was officially renamed Belize.<sup id="cite_ref-caricom_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-caricom-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Independence from the United Kingdom was granted on 21 September 1981, following the signing of the Belize Independence Order in 1981 by Queen Elizabeth II, which made Belize a sovereign state and an independent constitutional monarchy.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Prince_Michael_of_Kent" title="Prince Michael of Kent">Prince Michael of Kent</a> represented the Queen at the independence celebrations.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Prince_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Prince-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the capital, Belmopan, in the morning of 21 September, Prince Michael handed the instruments of independence to <a href="/wiki/George_Cadle_Price" title="George Cadle Price">George Price</a>, who became the prime minister of the newly independent country. <a href="/wiki/Elmira_Minita_Gordon" title="Elmira Minita Gordon">Elmira Minita Gordon</a>, a sociologist, was appointed governor-general of Belize by the Queen the same day,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who upon assuming office became the first female governor-general in Commonwealth history.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Belizean_Crown_and_its_aspects">The Belizean Crown and its aspects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Belize&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The Belizean Crown and its aspects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm#Relationship_of_the_realms" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realm § Relationship of the realms</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:260px; border-width: 1px; font-size: 88%;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>Your Majesty, the people of Belize welcome you into our hearts and our homes, our land is your land, our homes are your homes. Together we are the historical ideals of the Belizean experience, which make this land of the free by the Carib sea, truly a tranquil haven of democracy.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="right-aligned" style="">Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Esquivel" title="Manuel Esquivel">Manuel Esquivel</a>, addressing Queen Elizabeth II of Belize, 1985</cite></p> </div> <p>The sovereign of Belize is shared with 14 other <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realms" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth realms">Commonwealth realms</a>, members of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a> that share the same person as sovereign. However, the monarch's relationship with Belize is completely independent from his position as monarch of any other realm. Despite sharing the same person as their respective national monarch, each of the Commonwealth realms is sovereign and independent of the others.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since independence in 1981, the Belizean Crown has had both a shared and a separate character and the sovereign's role as monarch of Belize is distinct to his or her position as monarch of any other realm, including the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Buck1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buck1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only Belizean ministers can advise the sovereign on matters of the Belizean state.<sup id="cite_ref-Buck1_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buck1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The monarchy thus ceased to be an exclusively British institution and in Belize became a Belizean, or "domesticated" establishment.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This division is illustrated in a number of ways: The sovereign, for example, holds <a href="#Title">a unique Belizean title</a> and,<sup id="cite_ref-divi_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-divi-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when he is acting in public specifically as a representative of Belize, he uses, where possible, Belizean symbols, including the country's <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Belize" title="Flag of Belize">national flag</a> and the like.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_Belize.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_Belize.svg/220px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_Belize.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_Belize.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_Belize.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_Belize.svg/440px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_Belize.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The flag of the <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Belize" title="Governor-General of Belize">governor-general of Belize</a>, featuring <a href="/wiki/St_Edward%27s_Crown" title="St Edward's Crown">St Edward's Crown</a> in the centre, and a crowned lion on top.</figcaption></figure> <p>In Belize, the legal personality of the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">state</a> is referred to as the "Crown in Right of Belize", or "His Majesty in right of His Government in Belize", or the "Crown in right of His Majesty's Government in Belize".<sup id="cite_ref-const_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-const-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hmgvt_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hmgvt-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Title">Title</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Belize&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Title"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Belize, the King's official title is: <i>Charles the Third, by the Grace of God, King of Belize and of His Other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-belize_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-belize-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This style communicates Belize's status as an independent monarchy, highlighting the sovereign's role specifically as Sovereign of Belize, as well as the shared aspect of the Crown throughout the Commonwealth realms. Typically, the sovereign is styled "King of Belize", and is addressed as such when in Belize.<sup id="cite_ref-divi_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-divi-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Succession">Succession</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Belize&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Succession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_British_throne" title="Succession to the British throne">Succession to the British throne</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Realms_Lunch_Coronation_Event_(52872247956).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Realms_Lunch_Coronation_Event_%2852872247956%29.jpg/220px-Realms_Lunch_Coronation_Event_%2852872247956%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Realms_Lunch_Coronation_Event_%2852872247956%29.jpg/330px-Realms_Lunch_Coronation_Event_%2852872247956%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Realms_Lunch_Coronation_Event_%2852872247956%29.jpg/440px-Realms_Lunch_Coronation_Event_%2852872247956%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4558" data-file-height="3544" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wales" title="William, Prince of Wales">William, Prince of Wales</a>, the current heir apparent to the Belizean throne, with Governor-General <a href="/wiki/Dame_Froyla_Tzalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Dame Froyla Tzalam">Dame Froyla Tzalam</a>, 2023</figcaption></figure> <p>Like some realms, Belize defers to United Kingdom law to determine the line of succession.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Succession is by <a href="/wiki/Primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">absolute primogeniture</a> governed by the provisions of the <a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Crown_Act_2013" title="Succession to the Crown Act 2013">Succession to the Crown Act 2013</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Settlement_1701" title="Act of Settlement 1701">Act of Settlement 1701</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Bill_of_Rights_1689" title="Bill of Rights 1689">Bill of Rights 1689</a>. This legislation limits the succession to the natural (i.e. non-<a href="/wiki/Adoption" title="Adoption">adopted</a>), legitimate descendants of <a href="/wiki/Sophia_of_Hanover" title="Sophia of Hanover">Sophia, Electress of Hanover</a>, and stipulates that the monarch cannot be a <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>, and must be in communion with the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> upon ascending the throne. Though these constitutional laws, as they apply to Belize, still lie within the control of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">British parliament</a>, both the United Kingdom and Belize cannot change the rules of succession without the unanimous consent of the other realms, unless explicitly leaving the shared monarchy relationship; a situation that applies identically in all the other realms, and which has been likened to a <a href="/wiki/Treaty" title="Treaty">treaty</a> amongst these countries.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon a <a href="/wiki/Demise_of_the_Crown" title="Demise of the Crown">demise of the Crown</a> (the death or abdication of a sovereign), it is customary for the accession of the new monarch to be proclaimed by the governor-general in the capital, Belmopan, after the accession. Regardless of any proclamations, the late sovereign's heir immediately and automatically succeeds, without any need for confirmation or further ceremony. An appropriate period of mourning also follows, during which flags across the country are flown at half-mast to honour the late monarch.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The day of the funeral is likely to be a public holiday.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A memorial service commemorating the late monarch is likely to be held at <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Cathedral_(Belize_City)" title="St. John's Cathedral (Belize City)">St. John's Cathedral</a>, Belize City.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Constitutional_role_and_royal_prerogative">Constitutional role and royal prerogative</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Belize&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Constitutional role and royal prerogative"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:08.17_%E3%80%8C%E5%90%8C%E6%85%B6%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%85%E3%80%8D%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E6%8B%9C%E6%9C%83%E8%B2%9D%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E7%B8%BD%E7%9D%A3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/08.17_%E3%80%8C%E5%90%8C%E6%85%B6%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%85%E3%80%8D%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E6%8B%9C%E6%9C%83%E8%B2%9D%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E7%B8%BD%E7%9D%A3.jpg/220px-08.17_%E3%80%8C%E5%90%8C%E6%85%B6%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%85%E3%80%8D%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E6%8B%9C%E6%9C%83%E8%B2%9D%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E7%B8%BD%E7%9D%A3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/08.17_%E3%80%8C%E5%90%8C%E6%85%B6%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%85%E3%80%8D%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E6%8B%9C%E6%9C%83%E8%B2%9D%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E7%B8%BD%E7%9D%A3.jpg/330px-08.17_%E3%80%8C%E5%90%8C%E6%85%B6%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%85%E3%80%8D%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E6%8B%9C%E6%9C%83%E8%B2%9D%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E7%B8%BD%E7%9D%A3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/08.17_%E3%80%8C%E5%90%8C%E6%85%B6%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%85%E3%80%8D%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E6%8B%9C%E6%9C%83%E8%B2%9D%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E7%B8%BD%E7%9D%A3.jpg/440px-08.17_%E3%80%8C%E5%90%8C%E6%85%B6%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%85%E3%80%8D%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E6%8B%9C%E6%9C%83%E8%B2%9D%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E7%B8%BD%E7%9D%A3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>Governor-General <a href="/wiki/Sir_Colville_Young" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Colville Young">Sir Colville Young</a> and President <a href="/wiki/Tsai_Ing-wen" title="Tsai Ing-wen">Tsai Ing-wen</a> of Taiwan converse under a portrait of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a>, 2018</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Belize" title="Constitution of Belize">Belizean Constitution</a> gives Belize a similar parliamentary system of government as the other Commonwealth realms, in which all powers of the state are constitutionally reposed in the monarch, who is represented by the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors-General_of_Belize" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors-General of Belize">governor-general of Belize</a>; appointed by the monarch upon the advice of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_Belize" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of Belize">prime minister of Belize</a>. The monarch's domestic duties are performed by this <a href="/wiki/Viceroy" title="Viceroy">vice-regal</a> representative.<sup id="cite_ref-pipgg_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pipgg-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The role of the monarch and the governor-general is both legal and practical; the Crown is regarded as a corporation, in which several parts share the authority of the whole, with the monarch as the person at the centre of the constitutional construct.<sup id="cite_ref-Murdoch_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murdoch-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executive">Executive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Belize&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Executive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The governor-general is responsible for appointing a prime minister,<sup id="cite_ref-exe_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exe-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who thereafter heads the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Belize" title="Cabinet of Belize">Cabinet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Advice_(constitutional)" class="mw-redirect" title="Advice (constitutional)">advises the monarch or governor-general</a> on how to execute their executive powers over all aspects of government operations and foreign affairs. The monarch is informed by the governor-general of the acceptance of the resignation of a prime minister and the swearing-in of a new prime minister and members of the ministry.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The governor-general also appoints and dismisses ministers, members of various executive agencies, and other officials, including <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Belize" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate of Belize">senators</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-exe_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exe-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-leg_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leg-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are also a few duties which must be specifically performed by the monarch, such as signing the appointment papers of governors-general.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As all executive authority of Belize is vested in the sovereign,<sup id="cite_ref-exe_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exe-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the institutions of government are said to act under his authority; hence, the government of Belize is formally referred to as "His Majesty's Government in Belize".<sup id="cite_ref-hmgvt_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hmgvt-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_affairs">Foreign affairs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Belize&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Foreign affairs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michelle_Kwan_presents_her_Letters_of_Credence_to_Governor_General_Dame_Froyla_Tzalam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5a/Michelle_Kwan_presents_her_Letters_of_Credence_to_Governor_General_Dame_Froyla_Tzalam.jpg/220px-Michelle_Kwan_presents_her_Letters_of_Credence_to_Governor_General_Dame_Froyla_Tzalam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5a/Michelle_Kwan_presents_her_Letters_of_Credence_to_Governor_General_Dame_Froyla_Tzalam.jpg/330px-Michelle_Kwan_presents_her_Letters_of_Credence_to_Governor_General_Dame_Froyla_Tzalam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5a/Michelle_Kwan_presents_her_Letters_of_Credence_to_Governor_General_Dame_Froyla_Tzalam.jpg/440px-Michelle_Kwan_presents_her_Letters_of_Credence_to_Governor_General_Dame_Froyla_Tzalam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1150" /></a><figcaption>U.S. Ambassador to Belize Michelle Kwan presenting her credentials to Governor-General <a href="/wiki/Dame_Froyla_Tzalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Dame Froyla Tzalam">Dame Froyla Tzalam</a>, 2022</figcaption></figure> <p>The Royal Prerogative also extends to foreign affairs: the sovereign or the governor-general may negotiate and ratify treaties, alliances, and international agreements; no parliamentary approval is required. However, a treaty cannot alter the domestic laws of Belize; an Act of Parliament is necessary in such cases. The governor-general, on behalf of the monarch, also accredits Belizean <a href="/wiki/High_Commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="High Commissioner">High Commissioners</a> and ambassadors, and receives diplomats from foreign states.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, the issuance of passports falls under the Royal Prerogative and, as such, all <a href="/wiki/Belizean_passport" title="Belizean passport">Belizean passports</a> are issued in the governor-general's name, the monarch's vice-regal representative.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Assembly">National Assembly</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Belize&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: National Assembly"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The governor-general is responsible for summoning the two Houses of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Belize" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Belize">National Assembly</a> and may at any time <a href="/wiki/Legislative_session" title="Legislative session">prorogue</a> or <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissolution of Parliament">dissolve</a> the National Assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-leg_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leg-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the opening of a new parliamentary session, the governor-general reads the <a href="/wiki/Speech_from_the_Throne" class="mw-redirect" title="Speech from the Throne">Speech from the Throne</a>, outlining the government's legislative agenda.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pipgg_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pipgg-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A general election follows dissolution, the <a href="/wiki/Writ_of_election" title="Writ of election">writs for which</a> are issued by the governor-general at Belize House.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:260px; border-width: 1px; font-size: 88%;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>Your presence in this Honourable House of Representatives intensifies our faith in the principles of constitutional democracy, which are the pillars of Your Majesty's Government in Belize, and which guide the deliberations of this National Assembly.<i><sup id="cite_ref-rvb_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rvb-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="right-aligned" style=""><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Q._Pitts" title="Bernard Q. Pitts">Bernard Q. Pitts</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_Belize" title="List of speakers of the House of Representatives of Belize">Speaker of the House of Representatives</a> addressing the Queen of Belize, 1994</cite></p> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mace_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Belize_-_08.17_%E3%80%8C%E5%90%8C%E6%85%B6%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%85%E3%80%8D%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E6%96%BC%E8%B2%9D%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E6%BC%94%E8%AC%9B%EF%BC%8C%E5%9C%96%E7%82%BA%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E6%AC%8A%E6%9D%96.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Mace_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Belize_-_08.17_%E3%80%8C%E5%90%8C%E6%85%B6%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%85%E3%80%8D%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E6%96%BC%E8%B2%9D%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E6%BC%94%E8%AC%9B%EF%BC%8C%E5%9C%96%E7%82%BA%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E6%AC%8A%E6%9D%96.jpg/220px-Mace_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Belize_-_08.17_%E3%80%8C%E5%90%8C%E6%85%B6%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%85%E3%80%8D%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E6%96%BC%E8%B2%9D%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E6%BC%94%E8%AC%9B%EF%BC%8C%E5%9C%96%E7%82%BA%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E6%AC%8A%E6%9D%96.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Mace_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Belize_-_08.17_%E3%80%8C%E5%90%8C%E6%85%B6%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%85%E3%80%8D%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E6%96%BC%E8%B2%9D%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E6%BC%94%E8%AC%9B%EF%BC%8C%E5%9C%96%E7%82%BA%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E6%AC%8A%E6%9D%96.jpg/330px-Mace_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Belize_-_08.17_%E3%80%8C%E5%90%8C%E6%85%B6%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%85%E3%80%8D%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E6%96%BC%E8%B2%9D%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E6%BC%94%E8%AC%9B%EF%BC%8C%E5%9C%96%E7%82%BA%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E6%AC%8A%E6%9D%96.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Mace_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Belize_-_08.17_%E3%80%8C%E5%90%8C%E6%85%B6%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%85%E3%80%8D%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E6%96%BC%E8%B2%9D%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E6%BC%94%E8%AC%9B%EF%BC%8C%E5%9C%96%E7%82%BA%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E6%AC%8A%E6%9D%96.jpg/440px-Mace_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Belize_-_08.17_%E3%80%8C%E5%90%8C%E6%85%B6%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%85%E3%80%8D%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E6%96%BC%E8%B2%9D%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E6%BC%94%E8%AC%9B%EF%BC%8C%E5%9C%96%E7%82%BA%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E6%AC%8A%E6%9D%96.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1367" /></a><figcaption>Mace of the National Assembly of Belize</figcaption></figure> <p>Because the Belizean monarchy is a constitutional one, the powers that are constitutionally the monarch's are exercised almost wholly upon the advice of her prime minister and the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_the_Crown" title="Minister of the Crown">ministers of the Crown</a> in Cabinet, who are, in turn, accountable to the democratically elected House of Representatives, and through it, to the people. The monarch's role, and thereby the <a href="/wiki/Viceroy" title="Viceroy">viceroy</a>'s role, is almost entirely symbolic and cultural, acting as a symbol of the legal authority under which all governments and agencies operate. In exceptional circumstances, however, the monarch or viceroy can act against such advice based upon his or her <a href="/wiki/Reserve_power" title="Reserve power">reserve powers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Murdoch_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murdoch-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All laws in Belize are enacted with the viceroy's signature.<sup id="cite_ref-pipgg_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pipgg-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The granting of a signature to a bill is known as <a href="/wiki/Royal_Assent" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Assent">Royal Assent</a>; it, and proclamation, are required for all acts of parliament, usually granted or withheld by the governor-general, with the Public Seal of Belize.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The authority of the Crown is embodied in the mace of the House of Representatives, which bears a crown at its apex; unlike other bicameral realms, however, the Belizean legislature only has a mace for the lower house.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Courts">Courts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Belize&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Courts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The sovereign is responsible for rendering justice to all his subjects, and is thus traditionally deemed the <i>fount of justice</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Belize, criminal offences are legally deemed to be offences against the sovereign and proceedings for <a href="/wiki/Indictment" title="Indictment">indictable</a> offences are brought in the sovereign's name in the form of <i>The King [or Queen] versus [Name]</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hence, the common law holds that the sovereign "can do no wrong", and the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_immunity" title="Sovereign immunity">monarch cannot be prosecuted</a> in his or her own courts for criminal offences.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:260px; border-width: 1px; font-size: 88%;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>As your Sovereign, I am proud to associate myself with your determination that social justice and personal freedom should flourish under the rule of law.<sup id="cite_ref-rvb_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rvb-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="right-aligned" style=""><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II_of_Belize" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth II of Belize">Elizabeth II of Belize</a>, 1994</cite></p> </div> <p>The appointment of the chief justice of Belize, and other justices of the Supreme Court also falls under the Royal Prerogative, and these duties are assigned to the governor-general by the Constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-jud_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jud-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The governor-general can also grant immunity from prosecution, exercise the "prerogative of mercy", and pardon offences against the Crown. Pardons may be awarded before, during, or after a trial. The exercise of the 'Prerogative of Mercy' to grant a pardon and the commutation of prison sentences in described in section 52 of the Belizean Constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-exe_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exe-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_role">Cultural role</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Belize&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Cultural role"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Commonwealth_Day_parade_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Commonwealth_Day_parade_2019.jpg/220px-Commonwealth_Day_parade_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Commonwealth_Day_parade_2019.jpg/330px-Commonwealth_Day_parade_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Commonwealth_Day_parade_2019.jpg/440px-Commonwealth_Day_parade_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="916" data-file-height="617" /></a><figcaption>Queen Elizabeth II's personal flag flying at the Sovereign's Day parade in Belize City, 2019</figcaption></figure> <p>Belize celebrates the birthday of its monarch every year in May. The day is known as <i>Sovereign's Day</i>, and is marked by parades in Belize City, although it is not an official public holiday, like in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Horse races, conducted by the National Sports Council, are held in Belize City's National Stadium and Orange Walk Town's People's Stadium. A cycling race, also arranged by the National Sports Council, is held between the cities of Belmopan and Cayo. There is a flag-raising ceremony among other events held at schools and universities to commemorate Sovereign's Day.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Crown_and_Honours">The Crown and Honours</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Belize&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The Crown and Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Within the Commonwealth realms, the monarch is deemed the <a href="/wiki/Fount_of_honour" title="Fount of honour">fount of honour</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, the monarch, as Sovereign of Belize, confers awards and honours in Belize in his name. Most of them are often awarded on the advice of "His Majesty's Belize Ministers".<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Investitures are conducted by the governor-general on behalf of the sovereign.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Through the passage of the <i>National Honours and Awards Act</i>, Belize established three national orders on 16 August 1991: the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Belize" title="Order of Belize">Order of Belize</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Distinction_(Belize)" title="Order of Distinction (Belize)">Order of Distinction</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_National_Hero_(Belize)" title="Order of the National Hero (Belize)">Order of the National Hero</a>. The monarch's representative, the governor-general serves as chancellor of all these orders.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Crown_and_the_Defence_Force">The Crown and the Defence Force</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Belize&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: The Crown and the Defence Force"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:213px;max-width:213px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:69px;max-width:69px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:169px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Belize-Army-OF-5.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Belize-Army-OF-5.svg/67px-Belize-Army-OF-5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="67" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Belize-Army-OF-5.svg/101px-Belize-Army-OF-5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Belize-Army-OF-5.svg/134px-Belize-Army-OF-5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:69px;max-width:69px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:169px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Belize-Army-OF-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Belize-Army-OF-4.svg/67px-Belize-Army-OF-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="67" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Belize-Army-OF-4.svg/101px-Belize-Army-OF-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Belize-Army-OF-4.svg/134px-Belize-Army-OF-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:69px;max-width:69px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:169px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Belize-Army-OF-3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Belize-Army-OF-3.svg/67px-Belize-Army-OF-3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="67" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Belize-Army-OF-3.svg/101px-Belize-Army-OF-3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Belize-Army-OF-3.svg/134px-Belize-Army-OF-3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The rank insignia of a Belizean Colonel (left), Lieutenant-Colonel (centre), and Major (right) of the Belize Defence Force featuring the St Edward's Crown</div></div></div></div> <p>The Crown sits at the pinnacle of the <a href="/wiki/Belize_Defence_Force" title="Belize Defence Force">Belize Defence Force</a>. The monarch is the <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander-in-Chief">Commander-in-Chief</a> of the entire Forces.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_St._Edward" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown of St. Edward">Crown of St. Edward</a> appears on Belize Defence Force badges and rank insignia, which illustrates the monarchy as the locus of authority.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the Belizean <i>Defence Act</i>, every member of the Belize Defence Force must swear allegiance to the monarch of Belize, on taking office. The current oath is:<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"I, <i>(name)</i>, do sincerely promise and swear that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to Our Sovereign Lord the King and to His constitutionally Elected Government in Belize and that I will faithfully serve His Majesty in the Belize Defence Force until lawfully discharged, dismissed or removed, and that I will resist His Majesty's enemies and defend and protect all His Majesty's subjects and territory in Belize and cause His Majesty's peace to be kept and maintained and that I will in all matters appertaining to my service faithfully discharge my duties according to law."</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Crown_and_the_Police_Force">The Crown and the Police Force</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Belize&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: The Crown and the Police Force"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Belize_Police_Department_badge.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Belize_Police_Department_badge.svg/220px-Belize_Police_Department_badge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Belize_Police_Department_badge.svg/330px-Belize_Police_Department_badge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Belize_Police_Department_badge.svg/440px-Belize_Police_Department_badge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="222" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption>The badge of the <a href="/wiki/Belize_Police_Department" title="Belize Police Department">Belize Police Department</a> featuring the Crown</figcaption></figure> <p>Every member of the <a href="/wiki/Belize_Police_Department" title="Belize Police Department">Belize Police Department</a> has to swear allegiance to the monarch of Belize, on taking office. Under the Police Act of Belize, every police officer must make the following declaration on joining the Department:<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"I, <i>(name)</i>, do solemnly and sincerely declare that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to His Majesty, King Charles the Third, His Heirs and Successors, and that I will faithfully serve His Majesty the King, His Heirs and Successors, during my service in the Department and will obey all orders of the Governor-General and of the officers placed over me, and will subject myself to all Acts, Orders and Regulations, from time to time in force, relating to the Department."</p></blockquote> <p>All riot proclamations are also issued in the monarch's name and end with the phrase "God Save the King".<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/St_Edward%27s_Crown" title="St Edward's Crown">St Edward's Crown</a> is used on the badge of the <a href="/wiki/Belize_Police_Department" title="Belize Police Department">Belize Police Department</a>, and is incorporated into the rank insignias for commissioner, senior superintendent, and superintendent.<sup id="cite_ref-polrsig_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-polrsig-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Royal_symbols">Royal symbols</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Belize&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Royal symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BLZ001.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/BLZ001.JPG/220px-BLZ001.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/BLZ001.JPG/330px-BLZ001.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/BLZ001.JPG 2x" data-file-width="439" data-file-height="218" /></a><figcaption>A Belizean 50-cent coin with an effigy of Elizabeth II on the obverse</figcaption></figure> <p>The main symbol of the Belizean monarchy is the sovereign himself. Thus, framed portraits of him are displayed in public buildings and government offices. Many Belizeans also keep portraits of the royal family in their homes.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All Belizean coins feature a crowned effigy of the monarch. All banknotes of the <a href="/wiki/Belizean_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="Belizean dollar">Belizean dollar</a> feature the monarch's portrait on the obverse.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The monarch also appears on commemorative Belizean stamps.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A crown is also used to illustrate the monarchy as the locus of authority, appearing on police force, postal workers, prison officers, and Belize Defence Force regimental and maritime badges and rank insignia. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_King" title="God Save the King">God Save the King</a></i> is the royal anthem of Belize.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the Belizean <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_Citizenship" class="mw-redirect" title="Oath of Citizenship">Oath of Citizenship</a>, new Belizean citizens have to take a pledge of allegiance to the monarch of Belize, and his heirs and successors.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Royal_visits">Royal visits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Belize&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Royal visits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="20th_century">20th century</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Belize&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Princess_Margaret" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Margaret">Princess Margaret</a> visited Belize in 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-royvbz_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-royvbz-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Duke of Edinburgh</a> visited in 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Prince_Michael_of_Kent" title="Prince Michael of Kent">Prince Michael of Kent</a> represented the Queen at the independence celebrations in September 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Prince_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Prince-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a>, Queen of Belize, visited the country in October 1985. She was welcomed by the mayor and given the key to Belize City. She spent the night in Government House before flying to Dangriga the following day where she watched a Junkanoo Dance by children and received a painting from the people of the Stann Creek District. She also met British Servicemen and women stationed in Belize.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the visit, the Queen was served the famous <a href="/wiki/Gibnut" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibnut">gibnut</a> during an official dinner. The next day, the British press in London ran headlines: "Queen Eats Rat in Belize". Ever since, the gibnut has often been referred to as "The Royal Rat", or "The Queen's Rat" in Belize.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:260px; border-width: 1px; font-size: 88%;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>Belize is the only one of my eighteen realms that I have not visited before and I have been looking forward to this moment for a long time.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="right-aligned" style=""><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II_of_Belize" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth II of Belize">Elizabeth II of Belize</a>, 1985</cite></p> </div> <p>The Duke of Edinburgh returned in 1988 for a solo visit in his capacity as President of the World Wide Fund for Nature.<sup id="cite_ref-royvbz_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-royvbz-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Queen visited again in 1994. On her arrival at the airport in Belize City, she was greeted by 90% of the city's population. The Queen also visited the towns of San Ignacio, Punta Gorda, and Cahal Pech, one of Belize's many Mayan archaeological sites. The Queen attended a special sitting of the National Assembly, where she addressed the body for the first time and spoke of Belize's "robust democracy". The Queen also noted in her speech that this was the first occasion in which she had been welcomed by a song both written and performed by a governor-general.<sup id="cite_ref-rvb_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rvb-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-royvbz_71-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-royvbz-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="21st_century">21st century</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Belize&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:260px; border-width: 1px; font-size: 88%;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>I bring to you warmest greetings from The Queen of Belize, whose Diamond Jubilee we are celebrating here tonight. Her Majesty has asked me to send her good wishes to you all. She remembers so fondly her visits to this beautiful realm and speaks of the warmth of welcome she received on her most recent visit in 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="right-aligned" style=""><a href="/wiki/Prince_Harry,_Duke_of_Sussex" title="Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex">Prince Henry of Wales</a>, 2012</cite></p> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royal" title="Anne, Princess Royal">The Princess Royal</a> visited Belize in April 2001. The Princess visited the National Assembly of Belize at Belmopan, and the Belize Defence Force, Price Barracks, Ladyville, Belize City. During her visit, The Princess also visited San Lazaro Village Roman Catholic Primary School at Orange Walk, the Mennonite Community at Blue Creek Village, the Rio Bravo Conservation and Management Area, Marla's House of Hope, NOPCA Saves – Children's Home (National Organisation for the Prevention of Child Abuse), Belize Zoo, and the Commonwealth War Graves at Lord's Ridge Cemetery at Belize City.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Harry" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Harry">Prince Harry</a> visited on the Queen's behalf to mark <a href="/wiki/Diamond_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II">her Diamond Jubilee</a>. During his visit, the Prince visited the remains of the ancient Mayan city of Xunantunich, launched a canoe named in honour of the Queen, and attended officially naming of the 'Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II Boulevard' in Belmopan.<sup id="cite_ref-royvbz_71-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-royvbz-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:260px; border-width: 1px; font-size: 88%;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>I am honoured to convey the very warmest wishes from my grandmother, The Queen of Belize, on the occasion of her Platinum Jubilee. She always speaks so fondly of her visits to Belize, which of course included a memorable stop here at Cahal Pech in 1994. And she may have mentioned something about a gibnut.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="right-aligned" style=""><a href="/wiki/Prince_William,_Duke_of_Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince William, Duke of Cambridge">The Duke of Cambridge</a>, 2022</cite></p> </div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Prince_William,_Duke_of_Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince William, Duke of Cambridge">Duke</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catherine,_Duchess_of_Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge">Duchess of Cambridge</a> visited in March 2022 on the occasion of the <a href="/wiki/Platinum_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Queen's Platinum Jubilee</a>. During their visit, the couple visited Mayan sites, explored Belize's Maya chocolate making, and celebrated the culture of the Garifuna community in Hopkins. The Duke and Duchess also learned about the restoration efforts of Belize's barrier reef being led by communities across the country,<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and scuba-dived to learn more about the second-largest barrier reef in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the reception hosted by Governor-General <a href="/wiki/Dame_Froyla_Tzalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Dame Froyla Tzalam">Dame Froyla Tzalam</a> in celebration of the Queen's Platinum Jubilee, the Duke said, "Now we know why Belize is so lovingly referred to as the Jewel. We hope to return again soon and to show our children this wonderful country. They are rather jealous that they're not here with us now".<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A visit to a <a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya</a> village in southern Belize was also planned, but was cancelled due to local protests.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Debate">Debate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Belize&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Debate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 2022, the government of Belize set up the People's Constitutional Commission to review the laws of Belize, including the constitution, as well as the way the country is governed.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Brice%C3%B1o" title="Johnny Briceño">Johnny Briceño</a> has said that he will bring about a referendum on the commission's broad recommendations, which are due in 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2023, Briceño suggested that it was "quite likely" that Belize would be the next <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realm</a> to become a republic.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Briceño did not say if he would introduce a bill for a referendum on becoming a republic, which would need parliamentary approval.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An opinion poll conducted in February and March 2023 found that 48 per cent of respondents supported the continuation of Belize's monarchy, against 43 per cent who supported a republic. Seventy one per cent of those who stated they preferred to keep the Crown said the monarchy was a "good thing" for the country.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_Belizean_monarchs">List of Belizean monarchs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Belize&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: List of Belizean monarchs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Portrait </th> <th rowspan="2" style="width:20%;">Regnal name<br /><small>(Birth–Death)</small> </th> <th colspan="2">Reign over Belize </th> <th rowspan="2">Full name </th> <th rowspan="2">Consort </th> <th rowspan="2">House </th></tr> <tr> <th>Start </th> <th>End </th></tr> <tr style="background:#eee;"> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Queen_Elizabeth_II_in_March_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Queen_Elizabeth_II_in_March_2015.jpg/100px-Queen_Elizabeth_II_in_March_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Queen_Elizabeth_II_in_March_2015.jpg/150px-Queen_Elizabeth_II_in_March_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Queen_Elizabeth_II_in_March_2015.jpg/200px-Queen_Elizabeth_II_in_March_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1698" data-file-height="2242" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></b><br /><small>(1926–2022)</small> </td> <td>21 September 1981 </td> <td>8 September 2022 </td> <td>Elizabeth Alexandra Mary </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Philip Mountbatten</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Windsor" title="House of Windsor">Windsor</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"><u>Governors-general:</u> <a href="/wiki/Elmira_Minita_Gordon" title="Elmira Minita Gordon">Dame Elmira Minita Gordon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colville_Young" title="Colville Young">Sir Colville Young</a>, <a href="/wiki/Froyla_Tzalam" title="Froyla Tzalam">Dame Froyla Tzalam</a><br /><u>Prime ministers:</u> <a href="/wiki/George_Cadle_Price" title="George Cadle Price">George Cadle Price</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Esquivel" title="Manuel Esquivel">Sir Manuel Esquivel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Said_Musa" title="Said Musa">Said Musa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dean_Barrow" title="Dean Barrow">Dean Barrow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Brice%C3%B1o" title="Johnny Briceño">Johnny Briceño</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#eee;"> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Charles_III_(July_2023).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg/100px-King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg/150px-King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg/200px-King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="727" data-file-height="1025" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></b><br /><small>(b. 1948)</small> </td> <td>8 September 2022 </td> <td><i>present</i> </td> <td>Charles Phillip Arthur George </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Queen_Camilla" title="Queen Camilla">Camilla Shand</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Windsor" title="House of Windsor">Windsor</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"><u>Governors-general:</u> <a href="/wiki/Froyla_Tzalam" title="Froyla Tzalam">Dame Froyla Tzalam</a><br /><u>Prime ministers:</u> <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Brice%C3%B1o" title="Johnny Briceño">Johnny Briceño</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Belize&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/48px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/64px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Belize" title="Portal:Belize">Belize portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg/30px-Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg/45px-Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg.png 1.5x, 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Americas">Monarchies in the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchies" title="List of monarchies">List of monarchies</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Belize&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JgMl-rU29U4">"London Bridge is Down"</a>. <i>Channel 5 Belize</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2022</span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Channel+5+Belize&rft.atitle=London+Bridge+is+Down&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DJgMl-rU29U4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Belize" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cs-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cs_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bolland, Nigel. "Belize: Historical Setting". In <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/bztoc.html"><i>A Country Study: Belize</i></a> (Tim Merrill, editor). <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> <a href="/wiki/Federal_Research_Division" title="Federal Research Division">Federal Research Division</a> (January 1992). <i>This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-caricom-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-caricom_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://caricom.org/country_profiles/belize/">"Belize"</a>. <i>CARICOM</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CARICOM&rft.atitle=Belize&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcaricom.org%2Fcountry_profiles%2Fbelize%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Belize" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeslie_Jermyn,_Jui_Lin_Yong,_Jason_Brainard2020" class="citation cs2">Leslie Jermyn, Jui Lin Yong, Jason Brainard (2020), <i>Belize</i>, Cavendish Square Publishing LLC, p. 31, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781502655745" title="Special:BookSources/9781502655745"><bdi>9781502655745</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Belize&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Cavendish+Square+Publishing+LLC&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781502655745&rft.au=Leslie+Jermyn%2C+Jui+Lin+Yong%2C+Jason+Brainard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Belize" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1981/1107/pdfs/uksi_19811107_en.pdf">"The Belize Independence Order 1981"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>legislation.gov.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=The+Belize+Independence+Order+1981&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fuksi%2F1981%2F1107%2Fpdfs%2Fuksi_19811107_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Belize" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Prince-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Prince_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Prince_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.princemichael.org.uk/the-prince/">"The Prince"</a>. <i>Prince Michael of Kent</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Prince+Michael+of+Kent&rft.atitle=The+Prince&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.princemichael.org.uk%2Fthe-prince%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Belize" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Streissguth2009" class="citation cs2">Thomas Streissguth (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Hyk2k-eVvN8C"><i>Belize in Pictures</i></a>, Twenty-First Century Books, p. 34, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781575059587" title="Special:BookSources/9781575059587"><bdi>9781575059587</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Belize+in+Pictures&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Twenty-First+Century+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781575059587&rft.au=Thomas+Streissguth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHyk2k-eVvN8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Belize" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1981/09/22/world/belize-celebrates-its-independence.html">"Belize Celebrates its Independence"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 22 September 1981<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Belize+Celebrates+its+Independence&rft.date=1981-09-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1981%2F09%2F22%2Fworld%2Fbelize-celebrates-its-independence.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Belize" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.breakingbelizenews.com/2021/01/02/dame-elmira-minita-gordon-trailblazing-educator-and-first-governor-general-dead-at-90/">Dame Elmira Minita Gordon, trailblazing educator and first Governor-General, dead at 90</a>, breakingbelizenews.com. 2 January 2021. Accessed 28 November 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gcFqAAAAMAAJ"><i>The New Belize: Volumes 14–15</i></a>, Government Information Service, 1984, p. 3</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Belize%3A+Volumes+14%E2%80%9315&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Government+Information+Service&rft.date=1984&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgcFqAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Belize" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_of_England_and_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Appeal of England and Wales">English Court of Appeal</a> ruled in 1982, while "there is only one person who is the Sovereign within the British Commonwealth... in matters of law and government the Queen of the United Kingdom, for example, is entirely independent and distinct from the Queen of Canada." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/HCA/1999/30.html">R v Foreign Secretary; Ex parte Indian Association, QB 892 at 928; as referenced in High Court of Australia: Sue v Hill [1999] HCA 30; 23 June 1999; S179/1998 and B49/1998</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite><i>R v Foreign Secretary, Ex parte Indian Association (as referenced in High Court of Australia: Sue v Hill [1999] HCA 30; 23 June 1999; S179/1998 and B49/1998)</i></cite>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/HCA/1999/30.html">QB 892 at 928</a> (English Court of Appeal June 1999).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Buck1-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Buck1_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Buck1_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoyal_Household" class="citation web cs1">Royal Household. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page4928.asp">"The Queen and Commonwealth > Other Caribbean Realms"</a>. Queen's Printer.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Queen+and+Commonwealth+%3E+Other+Caribbean+Realms&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer&rft.au=Royal+Household&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal.gov.uk%2Foutput%2FPage4928.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Belize" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120229041357/http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchAndCommonwealth/QueenandBelize2/TheQueensroleinBelize.aspx">The Queen's role in Belize</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVernon_Bogdanor1995" class="citation cs2">Vernon Bogdanor (1995), <i>The Monarchy and the Constitution</i>, Clarendon Press, p. 279, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780191520891" title="Special:BookSources/9780191520891"><bdi>9780191520891</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Monarchy+and+the+Constitution&rft.pages=279&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780191520891&rft.au=Vernon+Bogdanor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Belize" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMallory1956" class="citation journal cs1">Mallory, J.R. (August 1956). "Seals and Symbols: From Substance to Form in Commonwealth Equality". <i>The Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science</i>. <b>22</b> (3). Montreal: Blackwell Publishing: 281–291. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F138434">10.2307/138434</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0008-4085">0008-4085</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/138434">138434</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Canadian+Journal+of+Economics+and+Political+Science&rft.atitle=Seals+and+Symbols%3A+From+Substance+to+Form+in+Commonwealth+Equality&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=281-291&rft.date=1956-08&rft.issn=0008-4085&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F138434%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F138434&rft.aulast=Mallory&rft.aufirst=J.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Belize" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNathan_Tidridge2011" class="citation cs2">Nathan Tidridge (2011), <i>Canada's Constitutional Monarchy: An Introduction to Our Form of Government</i>, Dundurn, p. 205, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781554889808" title="Special:BookSources/9781554889808"><bdi>9781554889808</bdi></a>, <q>The Crown is an institution that has grown to become specific to the country in which it now finds itself planted. No longer just a British monarchy, the Crown is separately a Jamaican monarchy, Tuvaluan monarchy, Canadian monarchy, et cetera.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canada%27s+Constitutional+Monarchy%3A+An+Introduction+to+Our+Form+of+Government&rft.pages=205&rft.pub=Dundurn&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781554889808&rft.au=Nathan+Tidridge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Belize" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-divi-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-divi_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-divi_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoates2006" class="citation book cs1">Coates, Colin Macmillan (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FhFyvhpPx8MC&pg=PA143"><i>Majesty in Canada</i></a>. p. 143. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55002-586-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55002-586-6"><bdi>978-1-55002-586-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Majesty+in+Canada&rft.pages=143&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-55002-586-6&rft.aulast=Coates&rft.aufirst=Colin+Macmillan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFhFyvhpPx8MC%26pg%3DPA143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Belize" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-const-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-const_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.belizelaw.org/web/belize_constitution02.pdf">"The Constitution of Belize"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>belizelaw.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=belizelaw.org&rft.atitle=The+Constitution+of+Belize&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.belizelaw.org%2Fweb%2Fbelize_constitution02.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Belize" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hmgvt-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hmgvt_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hmgvt_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.belizelaw.org/web/lawadmin/PDF%20files/cap167.pdf">"Crown Proceedings Act"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>belizelaw.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=belizelaw.org&rft.atitle=Crown+Proceedings+Act&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.belizelaw.org%2Fweb%2Flawadmin%2FPDF%2520files%2Fcap167.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Belize" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchAndCommonwealth/QueenandBelize2/Overview.aspx">Queen and Belize</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150401000010/http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchAndCommonwealth/QueenandBelize2/Overview.aspx">Archived</a> 1 April 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-belize-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-belize_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archontology.org/nations/belize/00_1981_td_s.php">"Belize: Heads of State: 1981–2021"</a>. archontology.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Belize%3A+Heads+of+State%3A+1981%E2%80%932021&rft.pub=archontology.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archontology.org%2Fnations%2Fbelize%2F00_1981_td_s.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Belize" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Hickey2023" class="citation cs2">Robert Hickey (2023), <i>Honor and Respect: The Official Guide to Names, Titles, and Forms of Address</i>, University of Chicago Press, p. 449, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780226830674" title="Special:BookSources/9780226830674"><bdi>9780226830674</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Honor+and+Respect%3A+The+Official+Guide+to+Names%2C+Titles%2C+and+Forms+of+Address&rft.pages=449&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9780226830674&rft.au=Robert+Hickey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Belize" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClegg2015" class="citation cs2">Clegg, Nick (26 March 2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/written-questions-answers-statements/written-statement/Commons/2015-03-26/HCWS490/"><i>Commencement of Succession to the Crown Act 2013 :Written statement – HCWS490</i></a>, London: Queen's Printer<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2015</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Commencement+of+Succession+to+the+Crown+Act+2013+%3AWritten+statement+%E2%80%93+HCWS490&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer&rft.date=2015-03-26&rft.aulast=Clegg&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.uk%2Fbusiness%2Fpublications%2Fwritten-questions-answers-statements%2Fwritten-statement%2FCommons%2F2015-03-26%2FHCWS490%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Belize" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Justice Rouleau in a <a href="/wiki/O%27Donohue_v._Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="O'Donohue v. Canada">2003 court ruling</a> wrote that "Union under the ... Crown together with other Commonwealth countries [is a] constitutional principle". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canlii.org/en/on/onsc/doc/2003/2003canlii41404/2003canlii41404.html">O’Donohue v. Canada, 2003 CanLII 41404 (ON S.C.)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.channel5belize.com/archives/240658">"Long Live the King"</a>. <i>Channel5Belize.com</i>. 9 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Channel5Belize.com&rft.atitle=Long+Live+the+King&rft.date=2022-09-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.channel5belize.com%2Farchives%2F240658&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Belize" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.7newsbelize.com/sstory.php?nid=63437">"Gov't of Belize Declares One-Time Holiday To Observe Queen's Funeral"</a>. <i>7 News</i>. 13 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=7+News&rft.atitle=Gov%27t+of+Belize+Declares+One-Time+Holiday+To+Observe+Queen%27s+Funeral&rft.date=2022-09-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.7newsbelize.com%2Fsstory.php%3Fnid%3D63437&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Belize" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.breakingbelizenews.com/2022/10/21/memorial-service-in-honour-of-queen-elizabeth-ii-to-be-held-on-saturday/">"Memorial service in honour of Queen Elizabeth II to be held on Saturday"</a>. <i>Breaking Belize News</i>. 21 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Breaking+Belize+News&rft.atitle=Memorial+service+in+honour+of+Queen+Elizabeth+II+to+be+held+on+Saturday&rft.date=2022-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.breakingbelizenews.com%2F2022%2F10%2F21%2Fmemorial-service-in-honour-of-queen-elizabeth-ii-to-be-held-on-saturday%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Belize" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pipgg-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pipgg_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pipgg_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pipgg_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalassembly.gov.bz/national-assembly/">"People in Parliamnet: Governor-General"</a>. <i>National Assembly of Belize</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal.uk&rft.atitle=Royal+visits&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal.uk%2Fbelize%3Fch%3D2%23bio-section-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Belize" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ni5Y0dcrN6kC"><i>The Illustrated London News: Volume 240</i></a>, Illustrated London News & Sketch Limited, 1962, p. 595</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Illustrated+London+News%3A+Volume+240&rft.pages=595&rft.pub=Illustrated+London+News+%26+Sketch+Limited&rft.date=1962&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dni5Y0dcrN6kC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Belize" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120229041359/http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchAndCommonwealth/QueenandBelize2/RoyalVisits.aspx">Royal visits</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKema_Irogbe2014" class="citation cs2">Kema Irogbe (2014), <i>The Effects of Globalization in Latin America, Africa, and Asia: A Global South Perspective</i>, Lexington Books, p. 104, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780739187708" title="Special:BookSources/9780739187708"><bdi>9780739187708</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Effects+of+Globalization+in+Latin+America%2C+Africa%2C+and+Asia%3A+A+Global+South+Perspective&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780739187708&rft.au=Kema+Irogbe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Belize" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-rDB1iuKD4C"><i>Belize</i></a>, APA Publications, 2003, p. 96, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789812349361" title="Special:BookSources/9789812349361"><bdi>9789812349361</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Belize&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=APA+Publications&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9789812349361&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY-rDB1iuKD4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Belize" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gcFqAAAAMAAJ"><i>The New Belize: Volumes 14–15</i></a>, Government Information Service, 1984, p. 4</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Belize%3A+Volumes+14%E2%80%9315&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Government+Information+Service&rft.date=1984&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgcFqAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Belize" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royal.uk/speech-prince-harry-diamond-jubilee-street-naming-ceremony-belize">"A speech by Prince Harry at a Diamond Jubilee street naming ceremony in Belize"</a>. <i>The Royal Family</i>. 3 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Royal+Family&rft.atitle=A+speech+by+Prince+Harry+at+a+Diamond+Jubilee+street+naming+ceremony+in+Belize&rft.date=2012-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal.uk%2Fspeech-prince-harry-diamond-jubilee-street-naming-ceremony-belize&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Belize" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royal.uk/archive/200104?page=6">"April 2001"</a>. <i>Royal.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal.uk&rft.atitle=April+2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal.uk%2Farchive%2F200104%3Fpage%3D6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Belize" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hellomagazine.com/royalty/gallery/20220322136053/kate-middleton-prince-william-arrive-jamaica-best-photos/7/">"Prince William and Kate arrive in Jamaica for royal tour amid protests – best photos"</a>. <i>HELLO!</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HELLO%21&rft.atitle=Prince+William+and+Kate+arrive+in+Jamaica+for+royal+tour+amid+protests+%E2%80%93+best+photos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hellomagazine.com%2Froyalty%2Fgallery%2F20220322136053%2Fkate-middleton-prince-william-arrive-jamaica-best-photos%2F7%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Belize" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royal.uk/duke-and-duchess-cambridge-visit-belize-jamaica-and-bahamas">The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge visit Belize, Jamaica and The Bahamas</a> <i>Royal.uk</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.standard.co.uk/news/world/kate-william-go-diving-in-belize-caribbean-tour-duke-duchess-cambridge-b989832.html">Duke and Duchess of Cambridge swim with sharks as Royal couple go diving in Belize</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.7newsbelize.com/sstory.php?nid=61423">"It's A Wrap for the Royals!"</a>. <i>7 News Belize</i>. 22 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=7+News+Belize&rft.atitle=It%27s+A+Wrap+for+the+Royals%21&rft.date=2022-03-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.7newsbelize.com%2Fsstory.php%3Fnid%3D61423&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Belize" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/royal-couple-starts-caribbean-tour-dogged-by-protest-in-belize-1.5826253">"Royal couple starts Caribbean tour dogged by protest in Belize"</a>. 19 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royal+couple+starts+Caribbean+tour+dogged+by+protest+in+Belize&rft.date=2022-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fworld%2Froyal-couple-starts-caribbean-tour-dogged-by-protest-in-belize-1.5826253&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Belize" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/belize-moving-towards-republicanism">"Belize moving towards republicanism?"</a>. <i>Loop News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Loop+News&rft.atitle=Belize+moving+towards+republicanism%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcaribbean.loopnews.com%2Fcontent%2Fbelize-moving-towards-republicanism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Belize" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/world/belize-queen-caribbean-head-of-state-b2044585.html">"Belize signals intention to remove Queen as head of state following royal visit"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. 26 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Belize+signals+intention+to+remove+Queen+as+head+of+state+following+royal+visit&rft.date=2022-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fworld%2Fbelize-queen-caribbean-head-of-state-b2044585.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Belize" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaughland2023" class="citation news cs1">Laughland, Oliver (4 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/04/belize-likely-to-become-republic-says-pm-johnny-briceno-as-he-criticises-rishi-sunak">"Belize likely to become republic, says PM as he criticises Rishi Sunak"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Belize+likely+to+become+republic%2C+says+PM+as+he+criticises+Rishi+Sunak&rft.date=2023-05-04&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Laughland&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2Fmay%2F04%2Fbelize-likely-to-become-republic-says-pm-johnny-briceno-as-he-criticises-rishi-sunak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Belize" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/belize-pm-signals-possible-break-with-british-monarchy-guardian-2023-05-04/">"Belize PM signals possible break with British monarchy, the Guardian reports"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 4 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Belize+PM+signals+possible+break+with+British+monarchy%2C+the+Guardian+reports&rft.date=2023-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fbelize-pm-signals-possible-break-with-british-monarchy-guardian-2023-05-04%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Belize" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolls_(LordAshcroftPolls.com)" class="citation web cs1">Polls (LordAshcroftPolls.com), Lord Ashcroft. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lord-ashcroft-coronation-poll-finds-belize-would-vote-to-keep-monarchy-829983141.html">"LORD ASHCROFT CORONATION POLL FINDS BELIZE WOULD VOTE TO KEEP MONARCHY"</a>. <i>www.prnewswire.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.prnewswire.com&rft.atitle=LORD+ASHCROFT+CORONATION+POLL+FINDS+BELIZE+WOULD+VOTE+TO+KEEP+MONARCHY&rft.aulast=Polls+%28LordAshcroftPolls.com%29&rft.aufirst=Lord+Ashcroft&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prnewswire.com%2Fnews-releases%2Flord-ashcroft-coronation-poll-finds-belize-would-vote-to-keep-monarchy-829983141.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchy+of+Belize" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Belize&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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title="History of Belize (1506–1862)">1506–1862</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St._George%27s_Caye" title="Battle of St. George's Caye">Battle of St. George's Caye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Honduras" title="British Honduras">British Honduras (1862–1981)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belizean%E2%80%93Guatemalan_territorial_dispute" title="Belizean–Guatemalan territorial dispute">Belizean–Guatemalan territorial dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize_Act_1981" title="Belize Act 1981">Belize Act 1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Belize_(1981%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Belize (1981–present)">Belize since 1981</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Belize" title="Geography of Belize">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks 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protected areas of Belize">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Belize" title="List of rivers of Belize">Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Belize" title="Politics of Belize">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attorney-General_of_Belize" title="Attorney-General of Belize">Attorney General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belmopan" title="Belmopan">Belmopan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Belize" title="Chief Justice of Belize">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constituencies_of_Belize" title="Constituencies of Belize">Constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Belize" title="Constitution of Belize">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Belize" title="Districts of Belize">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Belize" title="Elections in Belize">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Belize" title="Foreign relations of Belize">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Belize" title="Governor-General of Belize">Governor-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_in_Belize" title="Category:Human rights in Belize">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Belize" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Belize">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize_Police_Department" title="Belize Police Department">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Belize" title="Local government in Belize">Local government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize_Defence_Force" title="Belize Defence Force">Military</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Belize)" title="National Assembly (Belize)">National Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Belize" title="List of political parties in Belize">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Belize" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Belize">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Belize)" title="Senate (Belize)">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Belize" title="Economy of Belize">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banana_production_in_Belize" title="Banana production in Belize">Bananas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Belize" title="Central Bank of Belize">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize_dollar" title="Belize dollar">Dollar <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Belize" title="Energy in Belize">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Belize" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Belize">Environmental issues in Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ports_of_Belize" title="Ports of Belize">Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Belize" title="Telecommunications in Belize">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Belize" title="Tourism in Belize">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Belize" title="Transport in Belize">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_resources_management_in_Belize" title="Water resources management in Belize">Water resources management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Belize" title="Category:Society of Belize">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Belize" title="Demographics of Belize">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Belize" title="Education in Belize">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Belize" title="Healthcare in Belize">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Belize" title="Prostitution in Belize">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Belize" title="Languages of Belize">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belizeans" title="Belizeans">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Belize" title="Religion in Belize">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belizean_society" title="Belizean society">Social structure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Belize" title="Culture of Belize">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_the_Free_(anthem)" title="Land of the Free (anthem)">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Belize" title="Coat of arms of Belize">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belizean_cuisine" title="Belizean cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Belize" title="Flag of Belize">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Belize" title="Music of Belize">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Belize" title="List of newspapers in Belize">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Belize" title="Public holidays in Belize">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Belize" title="Sport in Belize">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize#National_symbols" title="Belize">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Belize" title="List of television stations in Belize">Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Belize" title="Outline of Belize">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Belize-related_topics" title="List of Belize-related topics">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Belize" title="Category:Belize">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Belize" title="Portal:Belize">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Commonwealth_realms_and_dominions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Commonwealth_realms" title="Template:Commonwealth realms"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Commonwealth_realms" title="Template talk:Commonwealth realms"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth_realms" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth realms"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Commonwealth_realms_and_dominions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">dominions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Bahamas" title="Monarchy of the Bahamas">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Grenada" title="Monarchy of Grenada">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Jamaica" title="Monarchy of Jamaica">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="Monarchy in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Niuean_monarchs" title="List of Niuean monarchs">Niue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Monarchy of Papua New Guinea">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Monarchy of Saint Kitts and Nevis">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Monarchy of Saint Lucia">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Monarchy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Monarchy of Solomon Islands">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Tuvalu" title="Monarchy of Tuvalu">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">monarchy</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Barbados" title="Monarchy of Barbados">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Ceylon" title="Dominion of Ceylon">Ceylon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Ceylon_(1948%E2%80%931972)" title="Monarchy of Ceylon (1948–1972)">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Fiji" title="Dominion of Fiji">Fiji</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Fiji" title="Monarchy of Fiji">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia_(1965%E2%80%931970)" title="The Gambia (1965–1970)">The Gambia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Queen_of_the_Gambia" title="Queen of the Gambia">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Ghana" title="Dominion of Ghana">Ghana</a> (<a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Ghana" title="Queen of Ghana">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana_(1966%E2%80%931970)" title="Guyana (1966–1970)">Guyana</a> (<a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Guyana" title="Queen of Guyana">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Ireland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Irish_head_of_state_from_1922_to_1949" title="Irish head of state from 1922 to 1949">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_(1963%E2%80%931964)" title="Kenya (1963–1964)">Kenya</a> (<a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Kenya" title="Queen of Kenya">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Malawi#Independence" title="History of Malawi">Malawi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Malawi" title="Queen of Malawi">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Malta" title="State of Malta">Malta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Malta" title="Queen of Malta">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius_(1968%E2%80%931992)" title="Mauritius (1968–1992)">Mauritius</a> (<a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Mauritius" title="Queen of Mauritius">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Newfoundland" title="Dominion of Newfoundland">Newfoundland</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Nigeria" title="Federation of Nigeria">Nigeria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Nigeria_(1960%E2%80%931963)" title="Monarchy of Nigeria (1960–1963)">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Pakistan" title="Dominion of Pakistan">Pakistan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Pakistan" title="Monarchy of Pakistan">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a><sup>2</sup></i> (<a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Rhodesia" title="Queen of Rhodesia">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_(1961%E2%80%931971)" title="Sierra Leone (1961–1971)">Sierra Leone</a> (<a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sierra_Leone" title="Queen of Sierra Leone">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">South Africa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_South_Africa" title="Monarchy of South Africa">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanganyika_(1961%E2%80%931964)" title="Tanganyika (1961–1964)">Tanganyika</a> (<a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Tanganyika" title="Queen of Tanganyika">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> (<a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Queen of Trinidad and Tobago">monarchy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_(1962%E2%80%931963)" title="Uganda (1962–1963)">Uganda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Uganda" title="Queen of Uganda">monarchy</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow plainlist" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dd><sup>1</sup> <span class="wrap">Annexed by Canada in 1949</span></dd> <dd><sup>2</sup> <span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Rhodesia%27s_Unilateral_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence">Rhodesia unilaterally declared independence</a> in 1965, but this was not recognised internationally. Declared itself a republic in 1970.</span></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchies" title="Template:Monarchies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchies" title="Template talk:Monarchies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">Monarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial,_royal_and_noble_ranks" title="Imperial, royal and noble ranks">Imperial, royal and noble ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_monarchs_of_sovereign_states" title="List of current monarchs of sovereign states">List of current sovereign monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_non-sovereign_monarchs" title="List of current non-sovereign monarchs">List of current non-sovereign monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchy_referendums" title="List of monarchy referendums">List of monarchy referendums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">Constitutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diarchy" title="Diarchy">Diarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elective_monarchy" title="Elective monarchy">Elective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_monarchy" title="Federal monarchy">Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_monarchy" title="Hereditary monarchy">Hereditary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-sovereign_monarchy" title="Non-sovereign monarchy">Non-sovereign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">Personal union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">Regency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdication" title="Abdication">Abdication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_monarchy" title="Abolition of monarchy">Abolition of monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristocracy_(class)" title="Aristocracy (class)">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_monarchy" title="Criticism of monarchy">Criticism of monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratization" title="Democratization">Democratization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">Decolonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Head of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_(political)" title="Legitimacy (political)">Legitimacy (political)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">Oligarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_succession" title="Order of succession">Order of succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-proclaimed_monarchy" title="Self-proclaimed monarchy">Self-proclaimed monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Titles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati" title="Chhatrapati">Chhatrapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor">Emperor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King" title="King">King</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_regnant" title="Queen regnant">Queen regnant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_regnant" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince regnant">Prince regnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja" title="Raja">Raja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_(title)" title="Khan (title)">khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Africa" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Africa" title="Monarchies in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngwenyama" title="Ngwenyama">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Lesotho" title="List of monarchs of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Morocco" title="King of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_constituent_African_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current constituent African monarchs">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Asia" title="Monarchies in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Bahrain" title="King of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Bhutan" title="King of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sultans_of_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Sultans of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Cambodia" title="Monarchy of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Jordan" title="List of kings of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emir_of_Kuwait" title="Emir of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Oman" title="List of rulers of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emir_of_Qatar" title="Emir of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="King of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Thailand" title="Monarchy of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="President of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_non-sovereign_Asian_monarchs" title="List of current non-sovereign Asian monarchs">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Europe" title="Monarchies in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Co-Princes_of_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-Princes of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belgium" title="Monarchy of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Denmark" title="Monarchy of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Liechtenstein" title="Monarchy of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Luxembourg" title="Monarchy of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Monaco" title="Monarchy of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Monarchy of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Norway" title="Monarchy of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Sweden" title="Monarchy of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereigns_of_Vatican_City_State" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereigns of Vatican City State">Vatican City (Holy See)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Oceania" title="Monarchies in Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Tonga" title="List of monarchs of Tonga">Tonga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Bahamas" title="Monarchy of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Grenada" title="Monarchy of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Jamaica" title="Monarchy of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="Monarchy in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Niuean_monarchs" title="List of Niuean monarchs">Niue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Monarchy of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Monarchy of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Monarchy of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Monarchy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Monarchy of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Tuvalu" title="Monarchy of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_monarchy" title="Abolition of monarchy">Former</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adamawa_Emirate" title="Adamawa Emirate">Adamawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankole" title="Ankole">Ankole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Aussa" title="Sultanate of Aussa">Aussa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barotseland" title="Barotseland">Barotseland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Bagirmi" title="Sultanate of Bagirmi">Bagirmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanem%E2%80%93Bornu_Empire" title="Kanem–Bornu Empire">Bornu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burundi" title="Kingdom of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Empire" title="Central African Empire">Central Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahomey" title="Dahomey">Dahomey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Empire" title="Ghana Empire">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gomma" title="Kingdom of Gomma">Gomma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gumma" title="Kingdom of Gumma">Gumma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kaffa" title="Kingdom of Kaffa">Kaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kongo" title="Kingdom of Kongo">Kongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Libya" title="Kingdom of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Luba" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Luba">Luba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merina_Kingdom" title="Merina Kingdom">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali_Empire" title="Mali Empire">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte#History" title="Mayotte">Maore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maravi" title="Maravi">Maravi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moh%C3%A9li#History" title="Mohéli">Mwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjouan#Early_and_colonial_history" title="Anjouan">Ndzuwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Comore#History" title="Grande Comore">Ngazidja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rwanda" title="Kingdom of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilluk_Kingdom" title="Shilluk Kingdom">Shilluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_of_Refreshment" title="Islands of Refreshment">Islands of Refreshment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tunisia" title="Kingdom of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wituland" title="Wituland">Wituland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassoulou_Empire" title="Wassoulou Empire">Wassoulou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeke_Kingdom" title="Yeke Kingdom">Yeke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Zanzibar" title="Sultanate of Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Zimbabwe" title="Kingdom of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_kingdoms_in_pre-colonial_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="List of kingdoms in pre-colonial Africa">and other</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Araucan%C3%ADa_and_Patagonia" title="Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia">Araucanía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_Empire" title="Aztec Empire">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Empire_of_Haiti" title="Second Empire of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mexican_Empire" title="Second Mexican Empire">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosquito_Coast" title="Mosquito Coast">Miskito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname_(Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands)" title="Suriname (Kingdom of the Netherlands)">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Talamanca" title="Kingdom of Talamanca">Talamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Trinidad" title="Principality of Trinidad">Trinidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idrisid_Emirate_of_Asir" title="Idrisid Emirate of Asir">Asir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Sultanate" title="Bengal Sultanate">Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Bukhara" title="Emirate of Bukhara">Bukhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konbaung_dynasty" title="Konbaung dynasty">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebu_(historical_polity)" title="Cebu (historical polity)">Cebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihab_dynasty" title="Shihab dynasty">Chehab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_China" title="Monarchy of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dapitan_Kingdom" title="Dapitan Kingdom">Dapitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hejaz" title="Kingdom of Hejaz">Hejaz</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_monarchies" title="List of Indonesian monarchies">Indonesia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty" title="Pahlavi dynasty">Iran</a> (<a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Qajar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraq" title="Kingdom of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Jabal_Shammar" title="Emirate of Jabal Shammar">Jabal Shammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathiri" title="Kathiri">Kathiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Khiva" title="Khanate of Khiva">Khiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Empire" title="Korean Empire">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumul_Khanate" title="Kumul Khanate">Kumul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kurdistan" title="Kingdom of Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Laos" title="Kingdom of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Maguindanao" title="Sultanate of Maguindanao">Maguindanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahra_Sultanate" title="Mahra Sultanate">Mahra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maldivian_monarchs" title="List of Maldivian monarchs">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogd_Khanate_of_Mongolia" title="Bogd Khanate of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Najran" title="Principality of Najran">Najran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%27aiti" title="Qu'aiti">Qu'aiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Kingdom" title="Ryukyu Kingdom">Ryukyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_of_Sarawak" title="Raj of Sarawak">Sarawak</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shan_States" title="Shan States">Shan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sikkim" title="Kingdom of Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_monarchy" title="Sinhalese monarchy">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sip_Song_Chau_Tai" title="Sip Song Chau Tai">Sip Song Chau Tai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sulu" title="Sultanate of Sulu">Sulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Kingdom_of_Syria" title="Arab Kingdom of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tungning" title="Kingdom of Tungning">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikdom_of_Upper_Asir" title="Sheikdom of Upper Asir">Upper Asir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Yafa" title="Upper Yafa">Upper Yafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Vietnam" title="List of monarchs of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutawakkilite_Kingdom_of_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_of_South_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirates of South Arabia">Emirates of South Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_South_Arabia" title="Federation of South Arabia">South Arabia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Kingdom_(1928%E2%80%931939)" title="Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aragon" title="Kingdom of Aragon">Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Asturias" title="Kingdom of Asturias">Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bosnia" title="Kingdom of Bosnia">Bosnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brittany" title="Duchy of Brittany">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Catalonia" title="Principality of Catalonia">Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Cilicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Corsica_(1736)" title="Kingdom of Corsica (1736)">Corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cyprus" title="Kingdom of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Finland_(1918)" title="Kingdom of Finland (1918)">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia" title="Kingdom of Galicia">Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Granada" title="Emirate of Granada">Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hanover" title="Kingdom of Hanover">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iceland" title="Kingdom of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Imereti" title="Kingdom of Imereti">Imereti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Ireland" title="Monarchy of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kartli-Kakheti" title="Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti">Kartli-Kakheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lithuania_(1918)" title="Kingdom of Lithuania (1918)">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Majorca" title="Kingdom of Majorca">Majorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Isles" title="Kingdom of the Isles">Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Montenegro" title="Kingdom of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre" title="Kingdom of Navarre">Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel#History" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Piedmont-Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Poland–Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Samos" title="Principality of Samos">Samos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saxony" title="Kingdom of Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tavolara" title="Kingdom of Tavolara">Tavolara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Two Sicilies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Baltic_Duchy" title="United Baltic Duchy">United Baltic Duchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Valencia" title="Kingdom of Valencia">Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Kingdom of Württemberg">Württemberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abemama" title="Abemama">Abemama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bora_Bora" title="Kingdom of Bora Bora">Bora Bora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Easter_Island" title="King of Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Fiji" title="Kingdom of Fiji">Kingdom of Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Kingdom" title="Hawaiian Kingdom">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huahine" title="Huahine">Huahine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangareva" title="Mangareva">Mangareva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niuē-Fekai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuku_Hiva" title="Nuku Hiva">Nuku Hiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Raiatea" title="List of monarchs of Raiatea">Raiatea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Iti" title="Rapa Iti">Rapa Iti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rarotonga" title="Kingdom of Rarotonga">Rarotonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimatara" title="Rimatara">Rimatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rurutu" title="Rurutu">Rurutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahuata" title="Tahuata">Tahuata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tahiti" title="Kingdom of Tahiti">Tahiti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commonwealth realms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Barbados" title="Monarchy of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Ceylon_(1948%E2%80%931972)" title="Monarchy of Ceylon (1948–1972)">Ceylon</a> (Sri Lanka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Fiji" title="Monarchy of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_the_Gambia" title="Queen of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Ghana" title="Queen of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Guyana" title="Queen of Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">India</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_princely_states_of_British_India_(alphabetical)" title="List of princely states of British India (alphabetical)">princely states</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a> / <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Kenya" title="Queen of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Malawi" title="Queen of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Malta" title="Queen of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Mauritius" title="Queen of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Pakistan" title="Monarchy of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Rhodesia" title="Queen of Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sierra_Leone" title="Queen of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_South_Africa" title="Monarchy of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Tanganyika" title="Queen of Tanganyika">Tanganyika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Queen of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Uganda" title="Queen of Uganda">Uganda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchies_in_the_Americas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_monarchies" title="Template:American monarchies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_monarchies" title="Template talk:American monarchies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_monarchies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American monarchies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchies_in_the_Americas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_the_Americas" title="Monarchies in the Americas">Monarchies in the Americas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Commonwealth of Nations monarchies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Bahamas" title="Monarchy of the Bahamas">The Bahamas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Grenada" title="Monarchy of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Jamaica" title="Monarchy of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Monarchy of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Monarchy of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Monarchy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Denmark" title="Monarchy of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Monarchy of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous monarchies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aymara_kingdoms" title="Aymara kingdoms">Aymara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colla_Kingdom" title="Colla Kingdom">Colla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lupaca" title="Lupaca">Lupaca</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_Empire" title="Aztec Empire">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huetar_people" title="Huetar people">Huetar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Huetar_Kingdom" title="Eastern Huetar Kingdom">Eastern Huetar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garabito_Empire" title="Garabito Empire">Garabito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pacaca" title="Kingdom of Pacaca">Pacaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyop%C3%A1n" title="Toyopán">Toyopán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Huetar_Kingdom" title="Western Huetar Kingdom">Western Huetar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_society" title="Inca society">Inca</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cusco" title="Kingdom of Cusco">Cusco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Inca_State" title="Neo-Inca State">Neo-Inca</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosquito_Coast" title="Mosquito Coast">Miskito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nicoya" title="Kingdom of Nicoya">Nicoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Talamanca" title="Kingdom of Talamanca">Talamanca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">European monarchies<br />with <a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas#List_of_European_colonies_in_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">colonies in the Americas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia" title="Duchy of Courland and Semigallia">Courland and Semigallia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_monarchs" title="List of French monarchs">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Portuguese_monarchs" title="List of Portuguese monarchs">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_monarchs" title="List of Russian monarchs">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Sweden" title="Monarchy of Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Barbados" title="Monarchy of Barbados">Barbados (1966–2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Brazil (1822–1889)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Guyana" title="Queen of Guyana">Guyana (1966–1970)</a></li> <li>Haiti <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Empire_of_Haiti" title="First Empire of Haiti">1804–06</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Haiti" title="Kingdom of Haiti">1811–20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Empire_of_Haiti" title="Second Empire of Haiti">1849–59</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mexico <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Mexican_Empire" title="First Mexican Empire">1822–23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mexican_Empire" title="Second Mexican Empire">1864–67</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Queen of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago (1962–76)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_in_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs in the Americas">List of monarchs in the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_last_monarchs_in_the_Americas" title="List of the last monarchs in the Americas">List of the last monarchs in the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Redonda" title="Kingdom of Redonda">Kingdom of Redonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Bolivian_monarchy" title="Afro-Bolivian monarchy">Afro-Bolivian monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Araucan%C3%ADa_and_Patagonia" title="Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia">Araucania and Patagonia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Elizabeth_II" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Elizabeth_II" title="Template:Elizabeth II"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Elizabeth_II" title="Template talk:Elizabeth II"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Elizabeth_II" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Elizabeth II"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Elizabeth_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen of the United Kingdom">Queen of the United Kingdom</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a> (1952–2022)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_headed_by_Elizabeth_II" title="List of sovereign states headed by Elizabeth II">Realms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Bahamas" title="Monarchy of the Bahamas">The Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Barbados" title="Monarchy of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Ceylon_(1948%E2%80%931972)" title="Monarchy of Ceylon (1948–1972)">Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Fiji" title="Monarchy of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_the_Gambia" title="Queen of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Ghana" title="Queen of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Grenada" title="Monarchy of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Guyana" title="Queen of Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Jamaica" title="Monarchy of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Kenya" title="Queen of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Malawi" title="Queen of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Malta" title="Queen of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Mauritius" title="Queen of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Nigeria_(1960%E2%80%931963)" title="Monarchy of Nigeria (1960–1963)">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Pakistan" title="Monarchy of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Monarchy of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Monarchy of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Monarchy of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Monarchy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sierra_Leone" title="Queen of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Monarchy of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_South_Africa" title="Monarchy of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Tanganyika" title="Queen of Tanganyika">Tanganyika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Queen of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Tuvalu" title="Monarchy of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Uganda" title="Queen of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_titles_and_honours_of_Elizabeth_II" title="List of titles and honours of Elizabeth II">Titles and<br />honours</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Commonwealth" title="Head of the Commonwealth">Head of the Commonwealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defender_of_the_Faith" title="Defender of the Faith">Defender of the Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Governor_of_the_Church_of_England" title="Supreme Governor of the Church of England">Supreme Governor of the Church of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_British_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Head of the British Armed Forces">Head of the British Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces">Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Armed_Forces_(New_Zealand)" title="Head of the Armed Forces (New Zealand)">Head of the Armed Forces (New Zealand)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Mann" title="Lord of Mann">Lord of Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Normandy" title="Duke of Normandy">Duke of Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Elizabeth_II" title="List of things named after Elizabeth II">List of things named after Elizabeth II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Family_Order_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Royal Family Order of Elizabeth II">Royal Family Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cross" title="Elizabeth Cross">Elizabeth Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Emblem" title="Elizabeth Emblem">Elizabeth Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Official_Birthday" title="King's Official Birthday">Queen's Official Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Flags of Elizabeth II">Flags</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh</a> (husband) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_of_Princess_Elizabeth_and_Philip_Mountbatten" title="Wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten">wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_dress_of_Princess_Elizabeth_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth of the United Kingdom">wedding dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Elizabeth_and_Philip_Mountbatten%27s_wedding_cakes" title="Princess Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten's wedding cakes">wedding cake</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royal" title="Anne, Princess Royal">Anne, Princess Royal</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Andrew,_Duke_of_York" title="Prince Andrew, Duke of York">Prince Andrew, Duke of York</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother" title="Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother">Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Margaret,_Countess_of_Snowdon" title="Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon">Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountbatten-Windsor" title="Mountbatten-Windsor">Mountbatten-Windsor</a> family</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Accession and<br />coronation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_accession_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Proclamation of accession of Elizabeth II">Proclamation of accession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Coronation of Elizabeth II">Coronation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_royal_guests_at_the_coronation_of_Elizabeth_II" title="List of royal guests at the coronation of Elizabeth II">Royal guests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_participants_in_the_coronation_procession_of_Elizabeth_II" title="List of participants in the coronation procession of Elizabeth II">Participants in the procession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_chicken" title="Coronation chicken">Coronation chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_gown_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Coronation gown of Elizabeth II">Coronation gown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Coronation_Medal" title="Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal">Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Coronation_Honours" title="1953 Coronation Honours">Honours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Coronation_Award" title="Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Award">Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Queen%27s_Beasts" title="The Queen's Beasts">The Queen's Beasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_Arches" title="Coronation Arches">Coronation Arches</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orb_and_Sceptre" title="Orb and Sceptre">Orb and Sceptre</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_taste_and_see" title="O taste and see">O taste and see</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treetops_Hotel" title="Treetops Hotel">Treetops Hotel</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MacCormick_v_Lord_Advocate" title="MacCormick v Lord Advocate">MacCormick v Lord Advocate</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Household_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Household of Elizabeth II">Household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personality_and_image_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Personality and image of Elizabeth II">Personality and image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Elizabeth_II" title="List of prime ministers of Elizabeth II">Prime ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillar_Box_War" title="Pillar Box War">Pillar Box War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodesia%27s_Unilateral_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence">Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Rhodesia" title="Queen of Rhodesia">Queen of Rhodesia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithgow_Plot" title="Lithgow Plot">Lithgow Plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Australian_constitutional_crisis" title="1975 Australian constitutional crisis">1975 Australian constitutional crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palace_letters" title="Palace letters">Palace letters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Sarjeant" title="Marcus Sarjeant">Marcus Sarjeant incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_John_Lewis" title="Christopher John Lewis">Christopher John Lewis incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Fagan_(intruder)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Fagan (intruder)">Michael Fagan incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Fijian_coups_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1987 Fijian coups d'état">1987 Fijian coups d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Windsor_Castle_fire" title="1992 Windsor Castle fire">1992 Windsor Castle fire</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Annus_horribilis#Elizabeth_II" title="Annus horribilis">Annus horribilis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handover_of_Hong_Kong" title="Handover of Hong Kong">Handover of Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Diana,_Princess_of_Wales" title="Death of Diana, Princess of Wales">Death of Diana, Princess of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Australian_republic_referendum" title="1999 Australian republic referendum">1999 Australian republic referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perth_Agreement" title="Perth Agreement">Perth Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Opening_of_Parliament" title="State Opening of Parliament">State Opening of Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_State_Opening_of_Parliament" title="2021 State Opening of Parliament">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_State_Opening_of_Parliament" title="2022 State Opening of Parliament">2022</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_jubilees_of_British_monarchs#Elizabeth_II" title="List of jubilees of British monarchs">Jubilees</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Silver_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Silver Jubilee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_events_during_the_Silver_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="List of events during the Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Silver_Jubilee_Medal" title="Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal">Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Silver_Jubilee_and_Birthday_Honours" title="1977 Silver Jubilee and Birthday Honours">Honours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jubilee_Gardens,_Lambeth" title="Jubilee Gardens, Lambeth">Jubilee Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jubilee_line" title="Jubilee line">Jubilee line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jubilee_Walkway" title="Jubilee Walkway">Jubilee Walkway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Ruby Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Ruby Jubilee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Anniversary_Prizes" title="Queen's Anniversary Prizes">Queen's Anniversary Prizes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Golden Jubilee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prom_at_the_Palace" title="Prom at the Palace">Prom at the Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_at_the_Palace" title="Party at the Palace">Party at the Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Golden_Jubilee_Medal" title="Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal">Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Golden_Jubilee_Honours" title="2002 Golden Jubilee Honours">Honours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Odyssey_(UK_Roller_Coaster)" title="The Odyssey (UK Roller Coaster)">The Odyssey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_royal_tour_of_Canada" title="2002 royal tour of Canada">2002 royal tour of Canada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Diamond Jubilee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Jubilee_Pageant" title="Diamond Jubilee Pageant">Pageant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Jubilee_Armed_Forces_Parade_and_Muster" title="Diamond Jubilee Armed Forces Parade and Muster">Armed Forces Parade and Muster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thames_Diamond_Jubilee_Pageant" title="Thames Diamond Jubilee Pageant">Thames Pageant</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gloriana_(barge)" title="Gloriana (barge)">Gloriana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MV_Spirit_of_Chartwell" title="MV Spirit of Chartwell">Spirit of Chartwell</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Jubilee_Concert" title="Diamond Jubilee Concert">Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Diamond_Jubilee_Flotilla" title="Gibraltar Diamond Jubilee Flotilla">Gibraltar Flotilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Diamond_Jubilee_Medal" title="Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal">Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Diamond_Jubilee_Honours" title="2012 Diamond Jubilee Honours">Honours</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sapphire_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Sapphire Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Sapphire Jubilee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sapphire_Jubilee_Snowflake_Brooch" class="mw-redirect" title="Sapphire Jubilee Snowflake Brooch">Sapphire Jubilee Snowflake Brooch</a> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Platinum_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Platinum Jubilee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Platinum_Jubilee_Medal" title="Queen Elizabeth II Platinum Jubilee Medal">Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Queen%27s_Platinum_Jubilee_Beacons" title="The Queen's Platinum Jubilee Beacons">Beacons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platinum_Party_at_the_Palace" title="Platinum Party at the Palace">Platinum Party at the Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platinum_Jubilee_Pageant" title="Platinum Jubilee Pageant">Pageant</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Platinum_Jubilee_Celebration:_A_Gallop_Through_History" title="Platinum Jubilee Celebration: A Gallop Through History">Platinum Jubilee Celebration: A Gallop Through History</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Trooping_the_Colour" title="2022 Trooping the Colour">Trooping the Colour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platinum_Jubilee_National_Service_of_Thanksgiving" title="Platinum Jubilee National Service of Thanksgiving">National Service of Thanksgiving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platinum_Pudding" title="Platinum Pudding">Platinum Pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Queen%27s_Green_Canopy" title="The Queen's Green Canopy">The Queen's Green Canopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platinum_Jubilee_Civic_Honours" title="Platinum Jubilee Civic Honours">Platinum Jubilee Civic Honours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas_Platinum_Jubilee_Sailing_Regatta" title="The Bahamas Platinum Jubilee Sailing Regatta">The Bahamas Platinum Jubilee Sailing Regatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Queen%27s_Platinum_Jubilee_Concert" title="The Queen's Platinum Jubilee Concert">The Queen's Platinum Jubilee Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Jubilee_Read" title="Big Jubilee Read">Big Jubilee Read</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Queenhood" title="Queenhood">Queenhood</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Platinum_Jubilee_Gardens" title="Queen's Platinum Jubilee Gardens">Queen's Platinum Jubilee Gardens</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Death</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II">Death and state funeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_death_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Reactions to the death of Elizabeth II">Reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queue_for_the_lying-in-state_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Queue for the lying-in-state of Elizabeth II">Queue for the lying-in-state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_guests_at_the_state_funeral_of_Elizabeth_II" title="List of guests at the state funeral of Elizabeth II">Funeral guests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Memorial_Day" title="Queen Elizabeth II Memorial Day">Queen Elizabeth II Memorial Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_London_Bridge" title="Operation London Bridge">Operation London Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Demise_Honours" title="2023 Demise Honours">Demise Honours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Like_as_the_hart_(Weir)" title="Like as the hart (Weir)">Like as the hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Who_shall_separate_us%3F" title="Who shall separate us?">Who shall separate us?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep,_Dearie,_Sleep" title="Sleep, Dearie, Sleep">Sleep, Dearie, Sleep</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_visits_made_by_Elizabeth_II" title="List of Commonwealth visits made by Elizabeth II">Commonwealth<br />tours</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_tours_of_Aden_Colony" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal tours of Aden Colony">Aden Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_tours_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Royal tours of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_tours_of_Australia" title="Royal tours of Australia">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_official_openings_by_Elizabeth_II_in_Australia" title="List of official openings by Elizabeth II in Australia">official openings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_tours_of_Canada#Elizabeth_II" title="Royal tours of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_tours_of_Ceylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal tours of Ceylon">Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_tours_of_Jamaica" title="Royal tours of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_visits_to_New_Zealand" title="Royal visits to New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_tours_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Royal tours of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_tours_of_Sierra_Leone" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal tours of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ships_used" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Ships used</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Vanguard_(23)" title="HMS Vanguard (23)">HMS <i>Vanguard</i> (23)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Gothic_(1947)" title="SS Gothic (1947)">SS <i>Gothic</i> (1947)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMY_Britannia" title="HMY Britannia">HMY <i>Britannia</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State visits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_visits_made_by_Elizabeth_II" title="List of state visits made by Elizabeth II">Outgoing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_visit_by_Elizabeth_II_to_Spain" title="State visit by Elizabeth II to Spain">State visit to Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_visit_by_Elizabeth_II_to_Russia" title="State visit by Elizabeth II to Russia">State visit to Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_visit_by_Elizabeth_II_to_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="State visit by Elizabeth II to the Republic of Ireland">State visit to Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_visits_received_by_Elizabeth_II" title="List of state visits received by Elizabeth II">Incoming</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_visit_by_Pope_Benedict_XVI_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="State visit by Pope Benedict XVI to the United Kingdom">Pope Benedict XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_visit_by_Michael_D._Higgins_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="State visit by Michael D. Higgins to the United Kingdom">President Michael D. Higgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_visit_by_Xi_Jinping_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="State visit by Xi Jinping to the United Kingdom">President Xi Jinping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural depictions of Elizabeth II">Depictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Televised addresses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_address_by_the_British_monarch#Elizabeth_II" title="Special address by the British monarch">Royal address to the nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Christmas_message" title="Royal Christmas message">Royal Christmas message</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Documentaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Journey" title="Royal Journey"><i>Royal Journey</i> (1951)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Queen_Is_Crowned" title="A Queen Is Crowned"><i>A Queen Is Crowned</i> (1953)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_New_Zealand_Journey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal New Zealand Journey (page does not exist)"><i>Royal New Zealand Journey</i> (1954)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Queen_in_Australia" title="The Queen in Australia"><i>The Queen in Australia</i> (1954)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Tour_of_the_Caribbean" title="The Royal Tour of the Caribbean"><i>The Royal Tour of the Caribbean</i> (1966)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Family_(film)" title="Royal Family (film)"><i>Royal Family</i> (1969)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_R:_A_Year_in_the_Life_of_the_Queen" title="Elizabeth R: A Year in the Life of the Queen"><i>Elizabeth R: A Year in the Life of the Queen</i> (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy:_The_Royal_Family_at_Work" title="Monarchy: The Royal Family at Work"><i>Monarchy: The Royal Family at Work</i> (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Diamond_Queen_(TV_programme)" title="The Diamond Queen (TV programme)"><i>The Diamond Queen</i> (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_at_90:_A_Family_Tribute" title="Elizabeth at 90: A Family Tribute"><i>Elizabeth at 90: A Family Tribute</i> (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Coronation_(film)" title="The Coronation (film)"><i>The Coronation</i> (2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth:_A_Portrait_in_Parts" title="Elizabeth: A Portrait in Parts"><i>Elizabeth: A Portrait in Parts</i> (2022)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth:_The_Unseen_Queen" title="Elizabeth: The Unseen Queen"><i>Elizabeth: The Unseen Queen</i> (2022)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Film and<br />television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spitting_Image" title="Spitting Image"><i>Spitting Image</i> (1984–96);</a> <a href="/wiki/Spitting_Image_(2020_TV_series)" title="Spitting Image (2020 TV series)">(2020–21)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Question_of_Attribution" title="A Question of Attribution"><i>A Question of Attribution</i> (1992 TV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willi_und_die_Windzors" title="Willi und die Windzors"><i>Willi und die Windzors</i> (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Her_Majesty_(2001_film)" title="Her Majesty (2001 film)"><i>Her Majesty</i> (2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Queen_(2006_film)" title="The Queen (2006 film)"><i>The Queen</i> (2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Snuke" title="The Snuke"><i>South Park: The Snuke</i> (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Queen_(British_TV_serial)" title="The Queen (British TV serial)"><i>The Queen</i> (2009 TV serial)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics_opening_ceremony#Happy_and_Glorious_(21:25–21:35)" title="2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony"><i>Happy and Glorious</i> (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Royal_Night_Out" title="A Royal Night Out"><i>A Royal Night Out</i> (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minions_(film)" title="Minions (film)"><i>Minions</i> (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Crown_(TV_series)" title="The Crown (TV series)"><i>The Crown</i> (2016–23)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Queen%27s_Corgi" title="The Queen's Corgi"><i>The Queen's Corgi</i> (2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_Christmas_message" title="Alternative Christmas message">2020 Alternative Christmas message (2020)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prince_(TV_series)" title="The Prince (TV series)"><i>The Prince</i> (2021)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Question_of_Attribution" title="A Question of Attribution"><i>A Question of Attribution</i> (1988)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Audience_(2013_play)" title="The Audience (2013 play)"><i>The Audience</i> (2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handbagged" title="Handbagged"><i>Handbagged</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Portraits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conversation_Piece_at_the_Royal_Lodge,_Windsor" title="Conversation Piece at the Royal Lodge, Windsor">Herbert James Gunn (1950)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattle_Queen" title="Wattle Queen">William Dargie (1954)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Annigoni%27s_portraits_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Pietro Annigoni's portraits of Elizabeth II">Pietro Annigoni (1955, 1969 and 1972)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reigning_Queens" title="Reigning Queens">Andy Warhol (1985)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Elizabeth_II_(Stone)" title="Portrait of Elizabeth II (Stone)">Richard Stone (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Queen_(Justin_Mortimer_portrait)" title="The Queen (Justin Mortimer portrait)">Justin Mortimer (1997)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Her_Majesty_Queen_Elizabeth_II_%E2%80%93_An_80th_Birthday_Portrait" title="Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II – An 80th Birthday Portrait">Rolf Harris (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Coronation_Theatre:_Portrait_of_HM_Queen_Elizabeth_II" title="The Coronation Theatre: Portrait of HM Queen Elizabeth II">Ralph Heimans (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Portrait,_The_Queen" title="Beautiful Portrait, The Queen">Damien Hirst (2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_(painting)" title="Queen Elizabeth II (painting)">Henry Ward (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algorithm_Queen" title="Algorithm Queen">Ai-Da (2022)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Statues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Elizabeth_II,_Windsor_Great_Park" title="Equestrian statue of Elizabeth II, Windsor Great Park">Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Elizabeth_II_(Winnipeg)" title="Statue of Elizabeth II (Winnipeg)">Winnipeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Elizabeth_II,_Lagos" title="Statue of Elizabeth II, Lagos">Lagos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Elizabeth_II_(Toronto)" title="Statue of Elizabeth II (Toronto)">Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Elizabeth_II,_York_Minster" title="Statue of Elizabeth II, York Minster">York Minster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Elizabeth_II,_Oakham" title="Statue of Elizabeth II, Oakham">Oakham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II_and_Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh,_Antrim" title="Statue of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Antrim">Antrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II,_Newcastle-under-Lyme" title="Statue of Queen Elizabeth II, Newcastle-under-Lyme">Newcastle-under-Lyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II,_Andover" title="Statue of Queen Elizabeth II, Andover">Andover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_to_Queen_Elizabeth_II,_London" title="Memorial to Queen Elizabeth II, London">London (planned)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Queen_and_I_(novel)" title="The Queen and I (novel)">The Queen and I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marion_Crawford" title="Marion Crawford">The Little Princesses</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Uncommon_Reader" title="The Uncommon Reader">The Uncommon Reader</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Winnie-the-Pooh_Meets_the_Queen" title="Winnie-the-Pooh Meets the Queen">Winnie-the-Pooh Meets the Queen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Queen_Camilla_(novel)" title="Queen Camilla (novel)">Queen Camilla</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_Queen_(Sex_Pistols_song)" title="God Save the Queen (Sex Pistols song)">God Save the Queen</a>" (Sex Pistols song)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Her_Majesty_(song)" title="Her Majesty (song)">Her Majesty</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Stamps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilding_series" title="Wilding series">Wilding series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_domestic_rate_stamp_(Canada)" title="Queen Elizabeth II domestic rate stamp (Canada)">Canadian domestic rate stamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_series_stamps" title="Castle series stamps">Castle series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_definitives" title="Country definitives">Country definitives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machin_series" title="Machin series">Machin series</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Machin_stamps" title="List of Machin stamps">list</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_corgis" title="Royal corgis">Corgis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dookie_(dog)" title="Dookie (dog)">Dookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_(dog)" title="Susan (dog)">Susan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Horses_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Horses of Elizabeth II">Horses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aureole_(horse)" title="Aureole (horse)">Aureole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_(horse)" class="mw-redirect" title="Burmese (horse)">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrozza" title="Carrozza">Carrozza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunfermline_(horse)" title="Dunfermline (horse)">Dunfermline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estimate_(horse)" title="Estimate (horse)">Estimate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Height_of_Fashion_(horse)" title="Height of Fashion (horse)">Height of Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highclere_(horse)" title="Highclere (horse)">Highclere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pall_Mall_(horse)" title="Pall Mall (horse)">Pall Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_(horse)" title="Winston (horse)">Winston</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21st_birthday_speech_of_Princess_Elizabeth" title="21st birthday speech of Princess Elizabeth">21st birthday speech of Princess Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewels_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Jewels of Elizabeth II">Jewels of Elizabeth II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_line" title="Elizabeth line">Elizabeth line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagana_Lodge" title="Sagana Lodge">Sagana Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Guardamangia" title="Villa Guardamangia">Villa Guardamangia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorgi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorgi">Dorgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Party_at_the_Palace" title="Children's Party at the Palace">Children's Party at the Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Queen%27s_Birthday_Party" title="The Queen's Birthday Party">The Queen's Birthday Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeannette_Charles" title="Jeannette Charles">Jeannette Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_%27Queen_Elizabeth%27" title="Rosa 'Queen Elizabeth'">Rosa 'Queen Elizabeth'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_cake" title="Queen Elizabeth cake">Queen Elizabeth cake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">← George VI</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III →</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Charles_III" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Charles_III" title="Template:Charles III"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Charles_III" title="Template talk:Charles III"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Charles_III" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Charles III"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Charles_III" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/King_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the United Kingdom">King of the United Kingdom</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a> (2022–present)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm#Current_realms" title="Commonwealth realm">Realms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Bahamas" title="Monarchy of the Bahamas">The Bahamas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Grenada" title="Monarchy of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Jamaica" title="Monarchy of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Monarchy of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Monarchy of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Monarchy of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Monarchy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Monarchy of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Tuvalu" title="Monarchy of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_titles_and_honours_of_Charles_III" title="List of titles and honours of Charles III">Titles and<br />honours</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Commonwealth" title="Head of the Commonwealth">Head of the Commonwealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defender_of_the_Faith" title="Defender of the Faith">Defender of the Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Governor_of_the_Church_of_England" title="Supreme Governor of the Church of England">Supreme Governor of the Church of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Armed_Forces" title="Head of the Armed Forces">Head of the Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces">Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Armed_Forces_(New_Zealand)" title="Head of the Armed Forces (New Zealand)">Head of the Armed Forces (New Zealand)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Mann" title="Lord of Mann">Lord of Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Normandy" title="Duke of Normandy">Duke of Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Official_Birthday" title="King's Official Birthday">King's Official Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_Charles_III" title="Flags of Charles III">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Family_Order_of_Charles_III" title="Royal Family Order of Charles III">Royal Family Order</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Camilla" title="Queen Camilla">Camilla Shand</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales" title="Diana, Princess of Wales">Diana Spencer</a> (former wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wales" title="William, Prince of Wales">William, Prince of Wales</a> (elder son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Harry,_Duke_of_Sussex" title="Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex">Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex</a> (younger son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royal" title="Anne, Princess Royal">Anne, Princess Royal</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Andrew,_Duke_of_York" title="Prince Andrew, Duke of York">Prince Andrew, Duke of York</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountbatten-Windsor" title="Mountbatten-Windsor">Mountbatten-Windsor</a> (family)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life as Prince of Wales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_of_Charles,_Prince_of_Wales" title="Investiture of Charles, Prince of Wales">Investiture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronet_of_Charles,_Prince_of_Wales" title="Coronet of Charles, Prince of Wales">Coronet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_of_Prince_Charles_and_Lady_Diana_Spencer" title="Wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer">First wedding</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wedding_guests_of_Prince_Charles_and_Lady_Diana_Spencer" title="List of wedding guests of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer">guest list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_of_Prince_Charles_and_Camilla_Parker_Bowles" title="Wedding of Prince Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles">Second wedding</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales_v_Associated_Newspapers_Ltd" title="Prince of Wales v Associated Newspapers Ltd">Prince of Wales v Associated Newspapers Ltd</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_spider_memos" title="Black spider memos">black spider memos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_State_Opening_of_Parliament" title="2022 State Opening of Parliament">2022 State Opening of Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_royal_tour_of_Canada" title="2022 royal tour of Canada">2022 royal tour of Canada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Accession and<br />coronation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_accession_of_Charles_III" title="Proclamation of accession of Charles III">Proclamation of accession</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_people_present_at_the_Accession_Council_of_Charles_III" title="List of people present at the Accession Council of Charles III">attendees</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Charles_III_and_Camilla" title="Coronation of Charles III and Camilla">Coronation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_Charles_III_Coronation_Medal" title="King Charles III Coronation Medal">Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_Concert" title="Coronation Concert">Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_guests_at_the_coronation_of_Charles_III_and_Camilla" title="List of guests at the coronation of Charles III and Camilla">guest list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_quiche" title="Coronation quiche">Coronation quiche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presentation_of_the_Honours_of_Scotland_to_Charles_III" title="Presentation of the Honours of Scotland to Charles III">Scottish service</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Household_of_Charles_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Household of Charles III">Household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Charles_III" title="List of prime ministers of Charles III">Prime ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Menai_Bridge" title="Operation Menai Bridge">Operation Menai Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_official_overseas_trips_made_by_Charles_III" title="List of official overseas trips made by Charles III">State and official visits made</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_visit_by_Charles_III_to_France" title="State visit by Charles III to France">2023 visits to France</a>; <a href="/wiki/State_visit_by_Charles_III_to_Kenya" title="State visit by Charles III to Kenya">Kenya</a>; <a href="/wiki/2024_royal_tour_of_Australia" title="2024 royal tour of Australia">2024 tour of Australia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_visits_received_by_Charles_III" title="List of state visits received by Charles III">State visits received</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trooping_the_Colour" title="Trooping the Colour">Trooping the Colour</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Trooping_the_Colour" title="2023 Trooping the Colour">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Trooping_the_Colour" title="2024 Trooping the Colour">2024</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Opening_of_Parliament" title="State Opening of Parliament">State Opening of Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_State_Opening_of_Parliament" title="2023 State Opening of Parliament">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_State_Opening_of_Parliament" title="2024 State Opening of Parliament">2024</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Charities<br />and campaigns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mutton_Renaissance_Campaign" title="Mutton Renaissance Campaign">Mutton Renaissance Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prince%27s_Charities" title="The Prince's Charities">The Prince's Charities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Asian_Trust" title="British Asian Trust">British Asian Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_in_the_Community" title="Business in the Community">Business in the Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_%26_the_Arts" title="Children & the Arts">Children & the Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_Kind_Direct" title="In Kind Direct">In Kind Direct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwill_Campaign" title="Iwill Campaign">iwill Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Countryside_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="The Royal Countryside Fund">The Royal Countryside Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_Foundation" title="The King's Foundation">The King's Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prince%27s_Foundation_for_Integrated_Health" title="The Prince's Foundation for Integrated Health">The Prince's Foundation for Integrated Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prince%27s_School_of_Traditional_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="The Prince's School of Traditional Arts">The Prince's School of Traditional Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Charles_III_Charitable_Fund" title="King Charles III Charitable Fund">King Charles III Charitable Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Drawing_School" title="Royal Drawing School">Royal Drawing School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turquoise_Mountain_Foundation" title="Turquoise Mountain Foundation">Turquoise Mountain Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_Business_Scotland" title="Youth Business Scotland">Youth Business Scotland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prince%27s_May_Day_Network" title="The Prince's May Day Network">The Prince's May Day Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Trust" title="King's Trust">King's Trust</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Residences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">As Prince of Wales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_House" title="Clarence House">Clarence House</a> (official)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highgrove_House" title="Highgrove House">Highgrove House</a> (private)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birkhall" title="Birkhall">Birkhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llwynywermod" title="Llwynywermod">Llwynywermod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">As King</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a> (official)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_Castle" title="Windsor Castle">Windsor Castle</a> (official)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holyrood_Palace" title="Holyrood Palace">Holyrood Palace</a> (official, Scotland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsborough_Castle" title="Hillsborough Castle">Hillsborough Castle</a> (official, Northern Ireland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandringham_House" title="Sandringham House">Sandringham House</a> (private)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balmoral_Castle" title="Balmoral Castle">Balmoral Castle</a> (private)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craigowan_Lodge" class="mw-redirect" title="Craigowan Lodge">Craigowan Lodge</a> (private)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards given<br />and created</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_received_by_Charles_III" title="List of awards received by Charles III">List of awards received</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales%27s_Intelligence_Community_Awards" title="Prince of Wales's Intelligence Community Awards">Prince of Wales's Intelligence Community Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales_Prize_for_Municipal_Heritage_Leadership" title="Prince of Wales Prize for Municipal Heritage Leadership">Prince of Wales Prize for Municipal Heritage Leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sun_Military_Awards" title="The Sun Military Awards">The <i>Sun</i> Military Awards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business ventures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_Home_Farm" title="Duchy Home Farm">Duchy Home Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumfries_House" title="Dumfries House">Dumfries House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highgrove_House#Highgrove_House_shops" title="Highgrove House">Highgrove House Shops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knockroon" title="Knockroon">Knockroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nansledan" title="Nansledan">Nansledan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poundbury" title="Poundbury">Poundbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waitrose_Duchy_Organic" title="Waitrose Duchy Organic">Waitrose Duchy Organic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_Charles_III" title="Cultural depictions of Charles III">Depictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Televised addresses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_address_by_the_British_monarch#Charles_III" title="Special address by the British monarch">Royal address to the nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Christmas_Message#Charles_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Christmas Message">Royal Christmas Message</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Documentaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Family_(film)" title="Royal Family (film)"><i>Royal Family</i> (1969)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles:_The_Private_Man,_the_Public_Role" title="Charles: The Private Man, the Public Role"><i>Charles: The Private Man, the Public Role</i> (1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy:_The_Royal_Family_at_Work" title="Monarchy: The Royal Family at Work"><i>Monarchy: The Royal Family at Work</i> (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_at_90:_A_Family_Tribute" title="Elizabeth at 90: A Family Tribute"><i>Elizabeth at 90: A Family Tribute</i> (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R:_The_Making_of_a_Monarch" title="Charles R: The Making of a Monarch"><i>Charles R: The Making of a Monarch</i> (2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III:_The_Coronation_Year" title="Charles III: The Coronation Year"><i>Charles III: The Coronation Year</i> (2023)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film<br />and television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chorus_Girls_(musical)" title="Chorus Girls (musical)">Chorus Girls</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charles_%26_Diana:_A_Royal_Love_Story" title="Charles & Diana: A Royal Love Story">Charles & Diana: A Royal Love Story</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Romance_of_Charles_and_Diana" title="The Royal Romance of Charles and Diana">The Royal Romance of Charles and Diana</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i>Spitting Image</i> (<a href="/wiki/Spitting_Image" title="Spitting Image">1984–1996</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spitting_Image_(2020_TV_series)" title="Spitting Image (2020 TV series)">2020–2021)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charles_and_Diana:_Unhappily_Ever_After" title="Charles and Diana: Unhappily Ever After">Charles and Diana: Unhappily Ever After</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Willi_und_die_Windzors" title="Willi und die Windzors">Willi und die Windzors</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Whatever_Love_Means" title="Whatever Love Means">Whatever Love Means</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Queen_(2006_film)" title="The Queen (2006 film)">The Queen</a></i> (2006 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Queen_(British_TV_serial)" title="The Queen (British TV serial)">The Queen</a></i> (2009 TV serial)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/King_Charles_III_(film)" title="King Charles III (film)">King Charles III</a></i> (2017 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Windsors" title="The Windsors">The Windsors</a></i> (2016–2020 TV series)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Crown_(TV_series)" title="The Crown (TV series)">The Crown</a></i> (2016–2023)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Prince_(TV_series)" title="The Prince (TV series)">The Prince</a></i> (2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spencer_(film)" title="Spencer (film)">Spencer</a></i> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Her_Royal_Highness..%3F" title="Her Royal Highness..?">Her Royal Highness..?</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/King_Charles_III_(play)" title="King Charles III (play)">King Charles III</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diana_(musical)" title="Diana (musical)">Diana</a></i> (2019/2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Windsors:_Endgame" title="The Windsors: Endgame">The Windsors: Endgame</a></i> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portraits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/His_Majesty_King_Charles_III_(portrait)" title="His Majesty King Charles III (portrait)">Jonathan Yeo (2024)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Charles_III" title="Bibliography of Charles III">Bibliography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Old_Man_of_Lochnagar" title="The Old Man of Lochnagar">The Old Man of Lochnagar</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Vision_of_Britain:_A_Personal_View_of_Architecture" title="A Vision of Britain: A Personal View of Architecture">A Vision of Britain: A Personal View of Architecture</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harmony:_A_New_Way_of_Looking_at_Our_World" title="Harmony: A New Way of Looking at Our World">Harmony: A New Way of Looking at Our World</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Climate_Change_(children%27s_book)" title="Climate Change (children's book)">Climate Change</a></i> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eponyms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Charles_Island" title="Prince Charles Island">Prince Charles Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Charles_Mountains" title="Prince Charles Mountains">Prince Charles Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Charles_stream_tree_frog" title="Prince Charles stream tree frog">Prince Charles stream tree frog</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">← Elizabeth II</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heads_of_state_and_government_of_North_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_state_and_government_of_North_America" title="Template:Heads of state and government of North America"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_state_and_government_of_North_America" title="Template talk:Heads of state and government of North America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_state_and_government_of_North_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of state and government of North America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_state_and_government_of_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Heads of state and government of North America</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Heads of state</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Sovereign_states" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.1em;">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Bahamas" title="Monarchy of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Barbados" title="President of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Costa_Rica" title="President of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Cuba" title="President of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Dominica" title="List of presidents of Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="President of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_El_Salvador" title="President of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Grenada" title="Monarchy of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Guatemala" title="President of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Haiti" title="President of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Honduras" title="President of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Jamaica" title="Monarchy of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Mexico" title="President of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Nicaragua" title="President of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Panama" title="List of heads of state of Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Monarchy of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Monarchy of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Monarchy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="President of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Heads of government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Sovereign_states" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.1em;">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Bahamas" title="Prime Minister of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Barbados" title="Prime Minister of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Belize" title="List of prime ministers of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Costa_Rica" title="President of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cuba" title="Prime Minister of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Dominica" title="Prime Minister of Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="President of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_El_Salvador" title="President of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Grenada" title="List of heads of government of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Guatemala" title="President of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Haiti" title="Prime Minister of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Honduras" title="President of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Jamaica" title="Prime Minister of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Mexico" title="President of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Nicaragua" title="President of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Panama" title="List of heads of state of Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="List of prime ministers of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Saint_Lucia" title="List of prime ministers of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="List of prime ministers of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="List of prime ministers of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Current_heads_of_state_in_Central_American_countries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_state_in_Central_America" title="Template:Heads of state in Central America"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_state_in_Central_America" title="Template talk:Heads of state in Central America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_state_in_Central_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of state in Central America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_heads_of_state_in_Central_American_countries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Current heads of state in Central American countries</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Belize</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Chaves_Robles" title="Rodrigo Chaves Robles">Rodrigo Chaves Robles</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_Costa_Rica" title="President of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayib_Bukele" title="Nayib Bukele">Nayib Bukele</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_El_Salvador" title="President of El Salvador">El Salvador</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Ar%C3%A9valo" title="Bernardo Arévalo">Bernardo Arévalo</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_Guatemala" title="President of Guatemala">Guatemala</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiomara_Castro" title="Xiomara Castro">Xiomara Castro</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_Honduras" title="President of Honduras">Honduras</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega">Daniel Ortega</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_Nicaragua" title="President of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ra%C3%BAl_Mulino" title="José Raúl Mulino">José Raúl Mulino</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Panama" title="List of heads of state of Panama">Panama</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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