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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clasificare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Clasificare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clasificare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Istoric" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istoric"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Istoric</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Istoric-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Istoric subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Istoric-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origini" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origini"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Origini</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origini-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secolul_XX" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secolul_XX"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Secolul XX</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secolul_XX-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribuție_geografică" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribuție_geografică"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Distribuție geografică</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Distribuție_geografică-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Distribuție geografică subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Distribuție_geografică-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dialecte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialecte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Dialecte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialecte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ca_limbă_străină" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ca_limbă_străină"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ca limbă străină</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ca_limbă_străină-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gramatică" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gramatică"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gramatică</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gramatică-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Gramatică subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gramatică-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Substantive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Substantive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Substantive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Substantive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verbe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verbe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Verbe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verbe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ortografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ortografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ortografie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ortografie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ortografie subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ortografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ortografia_standard" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ortografia_standard"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Ortografia standard</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ortografia_standard-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ortografie_veche" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ortografie_veche"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Ortografie veche</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ortografie_veche-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparația_ortografiilor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparația_ortografiilor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Comparația ortografiilor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparația_ortografiilor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fonologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Fonologie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fonologie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Fonologie subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fonologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Consoane" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consoane"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Consoane</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consoane-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vocale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vocale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Vocale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vocale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Accent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lexic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lexic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Lexic</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lexic-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Lexic subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Lexic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cuvinte_de_împrumut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuvinte_de_împrumut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Cuvinte de împrumut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuvinte_de_împrumut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografie_suplimentară" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografie_suplimentară"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bibliografie suplimentară</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie_suplimentară-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Limba letonă</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 146 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-146" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">146 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Алатыш бызшәа – abhază" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Алатыш бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abhază" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lets" title="Lets – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Lets" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%8B%E1%89%B5%E1%89%AA%E1%8A%9B" title="ላትቪኛ – amharică" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ላትቪኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_let%C3%B3n" title="Idioma letón – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma letón" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettisc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Lettisc sprǣc – engleză veche" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Lettisc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="engleză veche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="लातवियाई भाषा – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="लातवियाई भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة اللاتفية – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة اللاتفية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%89" title="لاتفى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لاتفى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_let%C3%B3n" title="Idioma letón – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma letón" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latviava" title="Latviava – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Latviava" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C4%B1%C5%9F_dili" title="Latış dili – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Latış dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="لاتیش دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لاتیش دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Латыш теле – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Латыш теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettische_Sproch" title="Lettische Sproch – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Lettische Sproch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latviu_kalba" title="Latviu kalba – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Latviu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Латышская мова – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Латышская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Латыская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Латыская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Латвийски език – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Латвийски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latveg" title="Latveg – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Latveg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvijski_jezik" title="Latvijski jezik – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Latvijski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let%C3%B3" title="Letó – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Letó" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Латышийн мотт – cecenă" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Латышийн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="cecenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinulongang_Leton" title="Pinulongang Leton – cebuană" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pinulongang Leton" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A4%DB%8C" title="زمانی لاتیڤی – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی لاتیڤی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loty%C5%A1tina" title="Lotyština – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lotyština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%97%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Латвїискъ ѩꙁꙑкъ – slavonă" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Латвїискъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="slavonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Латыш чĕлхи – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Латыш чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latfieg" title="Latfieg – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Latfieg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettisk_(sprog)" title="Lettisk (sprog) – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lettisk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettische_Sprache" title="Lettische Sprache – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lettische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letonki" title="Letonki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Letonki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leti%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Letišćina – sorabă de jos" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Letišćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="sorabă de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Λετονική γλώσσα – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λετονική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Latvian language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latva_lingvo" title="Latva lingvo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Latva lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_let%C3%B3n" title="Idioma letón – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma letón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4ti_keel" title="Läti keel – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Läti keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letoniera" title="Letoniera – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Letoniera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="زبان لتونیایی – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان لتونیایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvian_kieli" title="Latvian kieli – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Latvian kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4ti_kiil" title="Läti kiil – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Läti kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettiskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Lettiskt mál – feroeză" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Lettiskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letton" title="Letton – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Letton" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letisk" title="Letisk – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Letisk" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letsk" title="Letsk – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Letsk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Laitvis" title="An Laitvis – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Laitvis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latbhais" title="Latbhais – gaelică scoțiană" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Latbhais" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelică scoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_letoa" title="Lingua letoa – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua letoa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leto%C3%B1a%C3%B1e%E2%80%99%E1%BA%BD" title="Letoñañe’ẽ – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Letoñañe’ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvish" title="Latvish – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Latvish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvia-ng%C3%AE" title="Latvia-ngî – chineză hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Latvia-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="chineză hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA" title="לטבית – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לטבית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="लातवियाई भाषा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लातवियाई भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvian_bhasa" title="Latvian bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Latvian bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letonski_jezik" title="Letonski jezik – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Letonski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leti%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Letišćina – sorabă de sus" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Letišćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="sorabă de sus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lett_nyelv" title="Lett nyelv – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lett nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B7%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Լատիշերեն – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լատիշերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Latvia" title="Bahasa Latvia – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Latvia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Leton" title="Pagsasao a Leton – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Leton" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latviana_linguo" title="Latviana linguo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Latviana linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettneska" title="Lettneska – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lettneska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_lettone" title="Lingua lettone – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua lettone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%88%E3%83%93%E3%82%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="ラトビア語 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラトビア語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ლატვიური ენა – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლატვიური ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Latvia" title="Bahasa Latvia – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Latvia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Латыш тілі – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Латыш тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84%EC%96%B4" title="라트비아어 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라트비아어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_leton%C3%AE" title="Zimanê letonî – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê letonî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Латыш кыв – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Латыш кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latviek" title="Latviek – cornică" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Latviek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Латыш тили – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Латыш тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Lettonica" title="Lingua Lettonica – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Lettonica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvisce_(lingua)" title="Latvisce (lingua) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Latvisce (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lets" title="Lets – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Lets" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_lettone" title="Lengua lettone – liguriană" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua lettone" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_leton" title="Lengua leton – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua leton" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvi%C5%B3_kalba" title="Latvių kalba – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Latvių kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latv%C4%AB%C5%A1u_vol%C5%ABda" title="Latvīšu volūda – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Latvīšu volūda" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Latviešu valoda – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Latviešu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Латышонь кяль – moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Латышонь кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_let%C3%B4na" title="Fiteny letôna – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny letôna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Латыш йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Латыш йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Латвиски јазик – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Латвиски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Латви хэл – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Латви хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%A0%EA%AF%9A%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯂꯦꯠꯚꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯦꯠꯚꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="लात्व्हियन भाषा – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लात्व्हियन भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Latvia" title="Bahasa Latvia – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Latvia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Латонь кель – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Латонь кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="لاتویایی – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لاتویایی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettsche_Spraak" title="Lettsche Spraak – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Lettsche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letsk" title="Letsk – saxona de jos" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Letsk" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="saxona de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="लात्भियाली भाषा – nepaleză" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="लात्भियाली भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="लात्भियाया भाषा – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लात्भियाया भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lets" title="Lets – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lets" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvisk" title="Latvisk – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Latvisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvisk" title="Latvisk – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Latvisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leton" title="Leton – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Leton" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Латвиаг æвзаг – osetă" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Латвиаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%88" title="ਲਾਤਵੀਆਈ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲਾਤਵੀਆਈ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9ton" title="Léton – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Léton" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latwyan" title="Latwyan – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Latwyan" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_%C5%82otewski" title="Język łotewski – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język łotewski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_leton-a" title="Lenga leton-a – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga leton-a" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%B9%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="لٹویائی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لٹویائی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_let%C3%A3" title="Língua letã – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua letã" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litunya_simi" title="Litunya simi – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Litunya simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Латышский язык – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Латышский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Лотіськый язык – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Лотіськый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikilativiya" title="Ikilativiya – kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ikilativiya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱞᱟᱛᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱞᱟᱛᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_l%C3%A8tone" title="Limba lètone – sardiniană" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba lètone" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvie_leid" title="Latvie leid – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Latvie leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latviagiella" title="Latviagiella – sami de nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Latviagiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami de nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvijski_jezik" title="Latvijski jezik – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Latvijski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Latvian language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loty%C5%A1tina" title="Lotyština – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Lotyština" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvij%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Latvijščina – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Latvijščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_letoneze" title="Gjuha letoneze – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha letoneze" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Летонски језик – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Летонски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettiska" title="Lettiska – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lettiska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81otewsko_godka" title="Łotewsko godka – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Łotewsko godka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="இலத்துவிய மொழி – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இலத்துவிய மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ภาษาลัตเวีย – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาลัตเวีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laty%C5%9F_dili" title="Latyş dili – turkmenă" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Latyş dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Latbiyano" title="Wikang Latbiyano – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Latbiyano" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latviani_zyvon" title="Latviani zyvon – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Latviani zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letonca" title="Letonca – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Letonca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Латыш теле – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Латыш теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Латви кыл – udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Латви кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8B%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="لاتۋىيە تىلى – uigură" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="لاتۋىيە تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigură" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Латиська мова – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Латиська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لیٹویائی زبان – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لیٹویائی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latish_tili" title="Latish tili – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Latish tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_l%C3%A8tona" title="Łéngua lètona – venetă" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua lètona" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Latvia" title="Tiếng Latvia – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Latvia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leton_(lingaedje)" title="Leton (lingaedje) – valonă" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Leton (lingaedje)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lineton" title="Lineton – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Lineton" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%B1%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="拉脱维亚语 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="拉脱维亚语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ლატვიური ნინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლატვიური ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A9" title="לעטיש – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לעטיש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%B1%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="拉脱维亚语 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="拉脱维亚语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="拉脫維亞語 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="拉脫維亞語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvia-g%C3%AD" title="Latvia-gí – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Latvia-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%87" title="拉脫維亞文 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="拉脫維亞文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiLatviya" title="IsiLatviya – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiLatviya" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9078#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Limba_leton%C4%83" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon 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Diferențele față de <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_leton%C4%83">versiunea curentă</a> pot fi semnificative.</div> <div id="viewingold-plain" style="display:none;">Versiune creată de <a href="/wiki/Utilizator:PatrocleBot" class="mw-userlink" title="Utilizator:PatrocleBot" data-mw-revid="16180093"><bdi>PatrocleBot</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie_Utilizator:PatrocleBot" class="mw-redirect mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="Discuție Utilizator:PatrocleBot">discuție</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contribu%C8%9Bii/PatrocleBot" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contribuții/PatrocleBot">contribuții</a>)</span> la 23 martie 2024 04:33</div></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&diff=prev&oldid=16180093" title="Limba letonă">dif</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&direction=prev&oldid=16180093" title="Limba letonă">← Versiunea anterioară</a> | afișează versiunea curentă (dif) | Versiunea următoare → (dif)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><table class="infocaseta"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="antet limba" style="background-color:#c9ffd9;color:#000000;">Limba letonă<br /><i>latviešu valoda </i></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Pronunție</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;"><span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>[ˈlatviɛʃu ˈvaluɔda]</span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Vorbită în</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Letonia" title="Letonia"><img alt="Letonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Letonia" title="Letonia">Letonia</a><br /><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Uniunea Europeană"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Uniunea_European%C4%83" title="Uniunea Europeană">Uniunea Europeană</a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Regiuni</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;"><a href="/wiki/Europa_de_Nord" title="Europa de Nord">Europa de Nord</a>: <a href="/wiki/Regiunea_Baltic%C4%83" title="Regiunea Baltică">Regiunea Baltică</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Număr de vorbitori</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;">1,75 milioane (2015)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#c9ffd9;color:#000000;">Clasificare</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;;"><a href="/wiki/Limbi_indo-europene" title="Limbi indo-europene">Indo-Europene</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:15px;"><li> <a href="/wiki/Limbi_balto-slave" title="Limbi balto-slave">Balto-slave</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;"><li><a href="/wiki/Limbi_baltice" title="Limbi baltice">Baltice</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;"><li><a href="/wiki/Limbi_baltice_de_est" title="Limbi baltice de est">Baltice de Est</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;"><li>Limba letonă</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#c9ffd9;color:#000000;">Statut oficial și codificare</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Organ de<br />reglementare</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2328361" class="extiw" title="d:Q2328361"><span lang="lv">Valsts valodas centrs</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="lv">Valsts valodas centrs</span> (Latvian government body)|]]</span>  <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9078#P1018" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>-1</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;">lv</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>-2</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;">lav</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>-3<br />(cel mai<br />răspândit dialect)</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;">lav</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#c9ffd9;color:#000000;">Extras</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;;"><b><a href="/wiki/Declara%C8%9Bia_Universal%C4%83_a_Drepturilor_Omului" title="Declarația Universală a Drepturilor Omului">Declarația Universală a Drepturilor Omului</a> - Articolul 1</b><br /> Visi cilvēki ir dzimuši brīvi un vienlīdzīgi ar cieņu un tiesībām. Viņi ir apveltīti ar saprātu un sirdsapziņu, un viņiem jādarbojas viens pret otru brālības garā.</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#c9ffd9;color:#000000;">Răspândire în lume</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;;text-align: center;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Latvian_as_primary_language_at_home_by_municipalities_and_cities_(2011).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Utilizarea limbii letone ca limbă primară în 2011"><img alt="Utilizarea limbii letone ca limbă primară în 2011" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Latvian_as_primary_language_at_home_by_municipalities_and_cities_%282011%29.svg/220px-Latvian_as_primary_language_at_home_by_municipalities_and_cities_%282011%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Latvian_as_primary_language_at_home_by_municipalities_and_cities_%282011%29.svg/330px-Latvian_as_primary_language_at_home_by_municipalities_and_cities_%282011%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Latvian_as_primary_language_at_home_by_municipalities_and_cities_%282011%29.svg/440px-Latvian_as_primary_language_at_home_by_municipalities_and_cities_%282011%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="689" /></a></span> <br /> <small>Utilizarea limbii letone ca limbă primară în 2011</small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;;">Puteți vizita <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> <b><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="lv:">în Limba letonă</a></b>.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;;">Această pagină poate conține caractere <a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Unicode" class="mw-redirect" title="Ajutor:Unicode">Unicode</a></td></tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px ##c9ffd9 solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9078" class="extiw" title="d:Q9078">date</a> / <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&action=edit&section=0">text</a></span> <span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_Limb%C4%83" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16573438">.mw-parser-output .infocaseta{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#000)}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <p><b>Limba letonă</b> (<span lang="lv" style="font-style:italic">latviešu valoda</span> <span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>[ˈlatviɛʃu ˈvaluɔda]</span>) este o <a href="/wiki/Limbi_baltice_de_est" title="Limbi baltice de est">limbă baltică de est</a> aparținând ramurii <a href="/wiki/Limbi_balto-slave" title="Limbi balto-slave">balto-slave</a> a familiei de <a href="/wiki/Limbi_indo-europene" title="Limbi indo-europene">limbi indo-europene</a>, vorbită în <a href="/wiki/Regiunea_Baltic%C4%83" title="Regiunea Baltică">regiunea baltică</a>. Aceasta este limba oficială a <a href="/wiki/Letonia" title="Letonia">Letoniei</a> și una dintre limbile oficiale ale <a href="/wiki/Uniunea_European%C4%83" title="Uniunea Europeană">Uniunii Europene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fiind o <a href="/wiki/Limbi_baltice" title="Limbi baltice">limbă baltică</a>, letona este strâns înrudită cu <a href="/wiki/Limba_lituanian%C4%83" title="Limba lituaniană">lituaniana</a> învecinată (precum și cu <a href="/wiki/Limba_prusac%C4%83_veche" title="Limba prusacă veche">prusaca veche</a>, o limbă baltică dispărută); cu toate acestea, letona nu e la fel de conservatoare.<sup id="cite_ref-Dahl_and_Koptjevskaja-Tamm_2001_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dahl_and_Koptjevskaja-Tamm_2001-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Letona a apărut pentru prima dată în tipar la jumătatea secolului al XVI-lea, odată cu traducerea rugăciunii <a href="/wiki/Tat%C4%83l_nostru" title="Tatăl nostru">Tatăl nostru</a> în letonă în <span lang="la" style="font-style:italic">Cosmographia universalis</span> de Sebastian Münster (1544), tipărită în <a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_latin" title="Alfabetul latin">alfabetul latin</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clasificare">Clasificare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Clasificare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Clasificare"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Letona aparține ramurii <a href="/wiki/Limbi_baltice" title="Limbi baltice">baltice</a> a familiei de limbi <a href="/wiki/Limbi_indo-europene" title="Limbi indo-europene">indo-europene</a>, fiind una dintre cele două limbi baltice încă vorbite care au statut oficial (cealaltă fiind <a href="/wiki/Limba_lituanian%C4%83" title="Limba lituaniană">lituaniana</a>). Letona și lituaniana au păstrat multe trăsături ale morfologiei substantivelor a <a href="/wiki/Limba_protoindo-european%C4%83" title="Limba protoindo-europeană">proto-indo-europenei</a>, deși fonologia și morfologia verbelor prezintă multe inovații (cu alte cuvinte, forme care nu existau în proto-indo-europeană),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> letona fiind considerabil mai inovatoare decât lituaniana. Totodată, letona a fost influențată de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_livon%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba livonă — pagină inexistentă">limba livonă</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spre exemplu, letona a împrumutat accentul de pe prima silabă din <a href="/wiki/Limbi_fino-ugrice" title="Limbi fino-ugrice">limbile finno-ugrice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În plus, nu s-a ajuns la un consens dacă latgaliana și kursenieki (limbă în pragul dispariției din <a href="/wiki/Prusia_R%C4%83s%C4%83ritean%C4%83" title="Prusia Răsăriteană">Prusia răsăriteană</a>), graiuri <a href="/wiki/Inteligibilitate_mutual%C4%83" title="Inteligibilitate mutuală">mutual inteligibile</a> cu letona,  ar trebui să fie considerate <a href="/wiki/Varietate_(lingvistic%C4%83)" title="Varietate (lingvistică)">varietăți</a> de letonă sau <a href="/wiki/Limb%C4%83_abstand,_limb%C4%83_ausbau_%C8%99i_limb%C4%83-acoperi%C8%99" title="Limbă abstand, limbă ausbau și limbă-acoperiș">limbi separate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istoric">Istoric</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istoric" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Istoric"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Baltic_Tribes_c_1200.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Baltic_Tribes_c_1200.svg/200px-Baltic_Tribes_c_1200.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Baltic_Tribes_c_1200.svg/300px-Baltic_Tribes_c_1200.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Baltic_Tribes_c_1200.svg/400px-Baltic_Tribes_c_1200.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="988" data-file-height="1088" /></a><figcaption> Răspândirea triburilor baltice, cca. 1200 e.n. (granițele sunt aproximative).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Dictionarium_Polono-Latino-Lothavicum_opus_posthumum_(Dictionary_of_the_Polish-Latin-Latvian_languages)_by_Georgs_Elgers,_Vilnius,_1683.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Dictionarium_Polono-Latino-Lothavicum_opus_posthumum_%28Dictionary_of_the_Polish-Latin-Latvian_languages%29_by_Georgs_Elgers%2C_Vilnius%2C_1683.jpg/200px-Dictionarium_Polono-Latino-Lothavicum_opus_posthumum_%28Dictionary_of_the_Polish-Latin-Latvian_languages%29_by_Georgs_Elgers%2C_Vilnius%2C_1683.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Dictionarium_Polono-Latino-Lothavicum_opus_posthumum_%28Dictionary_of_the_Polish-Latin-Latvian_languages%29_by_Georgs_Elgers%2C_Vilnius%2C_1683.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="481" /></a><figcaption> Dicționar polonez-latin-leton de Georgs Elgers, publicat la <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marele_Ducat_al_Lituaniei" title="Marele Ducat al Lituaniei">Marele Ducat al Lituaniei</a>, 1683</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origini">Origini</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Origini" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Origini"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Potrivit unor teorii <a href="/wiki/Lingvistic%C4%83_istoric%C4%83" title="Lingvistică istorică">glotocronologice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limbi_baltice_de_est" title="Limbi baltice de est">limbile baltice de est</a> s-au separat de <a href="/wiki/Limbi_baltice_de_vest" title="Limbi baltice de vest">cele de vest</a> (ori, eventual, de ipotetica limbă proto-baltică) între ani 400-600 î.e.n.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diferențierea dintre <a href="/wiki/Limba_lituanian%C4%83" title="Limba lituaniană">lituaniană</a> și letonă a apărut după 800 e.n. În mod cert, au existat dialecte de tranziție până în secolul al XIV-lea, și este posibil să fi persistat până în secolul al XVII-lea.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secolul_XX">Secolul XX</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Secolul XX" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Secolul XX"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>După restabilirea independenței în 1991 a fost adoptată o nouă abordare a educației lingvistice. Obiectivul declarat a fost integrarea tuturor locuitorilor în comunitatea limbii oficiale de stat, protejând în același timp limbile minorităților etnice din Letonia.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribuție_geografică"><span id="Distribu.C8.9Bie_geografic.C4.83"></span>Distribuție geografică</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Distribuție geografică" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Distribuție geografică"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Există aproximativ 1,3 milioane de vorbitori nativi de letonă în Letonia și peste 100.000 în străinătate. În total, 2 milioane, sau 80% din populația Letoniei, vorbesc letonă.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dintre aceștia, aproximativ 1,16 milioane sau 62% din populația Letoniei o vorbesc acasă, dar, în afara regiunii <a href="/w/index.php?title=Latgalia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latgalia — pagină inexistentă">Latgalia</a>, peste 90% din populație are ca limbă maternă letona.<sup id="cite_ref-CSB_2013_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSB_2013-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62%_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62%-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LanguagesOnLatvia_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LanguagesOnLatvia-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dialecte">Dialecte</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Dialecte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Dialecte"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Letona are trei <a href="/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect">dialecte</a>: dialectul livonian, letona de sus și dialectul mediu. Dialectele letone și graiurile lor nu trebuie confundate cu limbile <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_livon%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba livonă — pagină inexistentă">livonă</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_curonian%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba curoniană — pagină inexistentă">curoniană</a>, semigaliană și <a href="/wiki/Limba_selonian%C4%83" title="Limba seloniană">seloniană</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ca_limbă_străină"><span id="Ca_limb.C4.83_str.C4.83in.C4.83"></span>Ca limbă străină</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Ca limbă străină" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Ca limbă străină"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Istoria_Letoniei" title="Istoria Letoniei">Istoria Letoniei</a> a pus letona într-o situație deosebită, fiind vorbită de un număr mare de vorbitori non-nativi în comparație cu vorbitorii nativi. Populația imigrantă și minoritară din Letonia de azi este de 700 000 de persoane, printre care: <a href="/wiki/Ru%C8%99i" title="Ruși">ruși</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belaru%C8%99i" title="Belaruși">belaruși</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ucraineni" title="Ucraineni">ucrainieni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polonezi" title="Polonezi">polonezi</a> și alții. Majoritatea imigranților au venit în Letonia între 1940 și 1991, alăturându-se comunităților etnice minoritare preexistente (germani și evrei letoni). </p><p>Statisticile indică o creștere treptată a numărului de non-nativi fluenți în letonă. Într-un sondaj realizat în 2009 de către Agenția de limbă letonă, 56% dintre participanții <a href="/wiki/Rusofon" class="mw-redirect" title="Rusofon">rusofoni</a> au spus că vorbesc bine letona, iar în cazul generației tinere (între 17 și 25 de ani), procentul a fost de 64%.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numărul tot mai mare de minorități care și-au însușit limba letonă a fost determinat de statutul acesteia ca unica <a href="/wiki/Limb%C4%83_oficial%C4%83" title="Limbă oficială">limbă oficială</a> a țării și alte schimbări produse în societate după <a href="/wiki/Destr%C4%83marea_Uniunii_Republicilor_Sovietice_Socialiste" title="Destrămarea Uniunii Republicilor Sovietice Socialiste">destrămarea Uniunii Sovietice</a>, care au mutat accentul de pe limba <a href="/wiki/Limba_rus%C4%83" title="Limba rusă">rusă</a>. Fluența în limba letonă este necesară pentru diverse profesii și cariere. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gramatică"><span id="Gramatic.C4.83"></span>Gramatică</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Gramatică" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Gramatică"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gramatica letonă reprezintă un sistem clasic indo-european cu flexiune și derivare bine dezvoltate. Accentul principal al cuvântului, cu câteva excepții, cade pe prima <a href="/wiki/Silab%C4%83" title="Silabă">silabă</a>. Letona nu are <a href="/wiki/Articol_(gramatic%C4%83)" title="Articol (gramatică)">articole gramaticale</a>; rolul acestora e îndeplinit de flexiunea adjectivelor. <a href="/wiki/Topic%C4%83" title="Topică">Topica obiectivă</a> este <a href="/w/index.php?title=SVO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SVO — pagină inexistentă">SVO</a> (subiect–verb–complement direct); în general însă, ordinea cuvintelor este relativ liberă. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Substantive">Substantive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Substantive" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Substantive"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Letona dispune de două <a href="/wiki/Gen_gramatical" title="Gen gramatical">genuri gramaticale</a> (masculin și feminin) și două <a href="/wiki/Num%C4%83r_(gramatic%C4%83)" title="Număr (gramatică)">numere</a> (singular și plural). Substantivele, adjectivele și participiile declinabile au șapte cazuri: <a href="/wiki/Cazul_nominativ" title="Cazul nominativ">nominativ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cazul_genitiv" title="Cazul genitiv">genitiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cazul_dativ" title="Cazul dativ">dativ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cazul_acuzativ" title="Cazul acuzativ">acuzativ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cazul_instrumental" title="Cazul instrumental">instrumental</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cazul_locativ" title="Cazul locativ">locativ</a> și <a href="/wiki/Cazul_vocativ" title="Cazul vocativ">vocativ</a>. Substantivele au șase declinări. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verbe">Verbe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifică secțiunea: Verbe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Verbe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Există trei clase de conjugare în letonă. Verbele sunt conjugate în funcție de persoană, timp, mod și diateză. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ortografie">Ortografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifică secțiunea: Ortografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Ortografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Limba letonă în <a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_latin" title="Alfabetul latin">grafia latină</a> s-a bazat mai întâi pe <a href="/wiki/Limba_german%C4%83#Pronunție_și_grafie" title="Limba germană">ortografia germană</a>, în timp ce alfabetul dialectului latgalian a fost bazat pe <a href="/wiki/Limba_polonez%C4%83#Sistem_de_scriere_și_ortografie" title="Limba poloneză">ortografia poloneză</a>. La începutul secolului al XX-lea, aceasta a fost înlocuită cu o ortografie mai consistentă din punct de vedere fonologic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ortografia_standard">Ortografia standard</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifică secțiunea: Ortografia standard" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Ortografia standard"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>În prezent, alfabetul leton standard folosește 33 de litere: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="33" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"><b>Majuscule</b> (numite și <b>litere mari</b>) </td></tr> <tr> <td width="15">A </td> <td width="15">Ā </td> <td width="15">B </td> <td width="15">C </td> <td width="15">Č </td> <td width="15">D </td> <td width="15">E </td> <td width="15">Ē </td> <td width="15">F </td> <td width="15">G </td> <td width="15">Ģ </td> <td width="15">H </td> <td width="15">I </td> <td width="15">Ī </td> <td width="15">J </td> <td width="15">K </td> <td width="15">Ķ </td> <td width="15">L </td> <td width="15">Ļ </td> <td width="15">M </td> <td width="15">N </td> <td width="15">Ņ </td> <td width="15">O </td> <td width="15">P </td> <td width="15">R </td> <td width="15">S </td> <td width="15">Š </td> <td width="15">T </td> <td width="15">U </td> <td width="15">Ū </td> <td width="15">V </td> <td width="15">Z </td> <td width="15">Ž </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="33" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"><b>Minuscule</b> (numite și <b>litere mici</b>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>a </td> <td>ā </td> <td>b </td> <td>c </td> <td>č </td> <td>d </td> <td>e </td> <td>ē </td> <td>f </td> <td>g </td> <td>ģ </td> <td>h </td> <td>i </td> <td>ī </td> <td>j </td> <td>k </td> <td>ķ </td> <td>l </td> <td>ļ </td> <td>m </td> <td>n </td> <td>ņ </td> <td>o </td> <td>p </td> <td>r </td> <td>s </td> <td>š </td> <td>t </td> <td>u </td> <td>ū </td> <td>v </td> <td>z </td> <td>ž </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ortografie_veche">Ortografie veche</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifică secțiunea: Ortografie veche" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Ortografie veche"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Old_latvian_bible.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Old_latvian_bible.jpg/250px-Old_latvian_bible.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Old_latvian_bible.jpg/375px-Old_latvian_bible.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Old_latvian_bible.jpg/500px-Old_latvian_bible.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3906" data-file-height="2602" /></a><figcaption> Carte de <a href="/wiki/Imn" title="Imn">imnuri</a> <a href="/wiki/Luteranism" title="Luteranism">luterane</a> letone în ortografia veche.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ortografia veche a fost o adaptare a ortografiei germane și nu reflecta precis fonematica limbii letone. La început, a fost folosită pentru scrierea textelor religioase destinate preoților germani, cu scopul de ai ajuta în munca lor cu letonii. Primele scrieri în letonă au fost lipsite de uniformitate; de exemplu, existau 12 variații ale literei <i>Š</i>. Ca în germană unele consoane sunt scrise cu mai multe litere. Ortografia veche a fost folosită până în secolul al XX-lea, când a fost înlocuită treptat de cea modernă. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comparația_ortografiilor"><span id="Compara.C8.9Bia_ortografiilor"></span>Comparația ortografiilor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifică secțiunea: Comparația ortografiilor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Comparația ortografiilor"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tat%C4%83l_nostru" title="Tatăl nostru">Tatăl nostru</a> în letonă scris în diferite stiluri: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Prima ortogarfie, 1544 </th> <th>Ortografia veche, 1739 </th> <th>Ortografie modernă </th> <th>Stil informal </th></tr> <tr> <td>Muuſze Thews exkan tho Debbes </td> <td>Muhſu Tehvs debbeſîs </td> <td><b>Mūsu tēvs debesīs</b> </td> <td><i>Muusu teevs debesiis</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sweetyttz thope totws waerdtcz </td> <td>Swehtits lai top taws wahrds </td> <td><b>Svētīts lai top tavs vārds</b> </td> <td><i>Sveetiits lai top tavs vaards</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Enaka mums touwe walſtibe </td> <td>Lai nahk tawa walſtiba </td> <td><b>Lai nāk tava valstība</b> </td> <td><i>Lai naak tava valstiiba</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tows praetcz noteſe </td> <td>Taws prahts lai noteek </td> <td><b>Tavs prāts lai notiek</b> </td> <td><i>Tavs praats lai notiek</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ka exkan Debbes tha arridtczan wuerſſon ſemmes </td> <td>kà debbeſîs tà arirdſan zemes wirsû </td> <td><b>Kā debesīs, tā arī virs zemes</b> </td> <td><i>Kaa debesiis taa arii virs zemes</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Muſze beniſke mayſe bobe mums ſdjoben </td> <td>Muhsu deeniſchtu maizi dod mums ſchodeen </td> <td><b>Mūsu dienišķo maizi dod mums šodien</b> </td> <td><i>Muusu dienishkjo maizi dod mums shodien</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vnbe pammet mums muſſe parrabe </td> <td>Un pametti mums muhſu parradus <small>[mai târziu parahdus]</small> </td> <td><b>Un piedod mums mūsu parādus</b> </td> <td><i>Un piedod mums muusu paraadus</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ka mehs pammettam muſſims parabenekims </td> <td>kà arri mehs pamettam ſaweem parrahdneekeem </td> <td><b>Kā arī mēs piedodam saviem parādniekiem</b> </td> <td><i>Kaa arii mees piedodam saviem paraadniekiem</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vnbe nhe wedde mums exkan kaerbenaſchenne </td> <td>Un ne eeweddi muhs eekſch kahrdinaſchanas </td> <td><b>Un neieved mūs kārdināšanā</b> </td> <td><i>Un neieved muus kaardinaashanaa</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Seth atpeſthmums no to loune </td> <td>bet atpeſti muhs no ta launa <small>[mai târziu łauna]</small> </td> <td><b>Bet atpestī mūs no ļauna</b> </td> <td><i>Bet atpestii muus no ljauna</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Aefto thouwa gir ta walſtibe </td> <td>Jo tew peederr ta walſtiba </td> <td><b>Jo tev pieder valstība</b> </td> <td><i>Jo tev pieder valstiiba</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vnbe tas ſpeez vnb tas Goobtcz tur muſſige. </td> <td>Un tas ſpehks un tas gods muhſchigi <small>[mai târziu muhzigi]</small>. </td> <td><b>Spēks un gods mūžīgi.</b> </td> <td><i>Speeks un gods muuzhiigi.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Amen. </td> <td>Amen. </td> <td><b>Āmen.</b> </td> <td><i>Aamen.</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>„ ſ ” e o formă arhaică a literei s </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fonologie">Fonologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifică secțiunea: Fonologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Fonologie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consoane">Consoane</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifică secțiunea: Consoane" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Consoane"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Consoanele letone </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Consoan%C4%83_labial%C4%83" title="Consoană labială">Labiale</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Consoan%C4%83_dental%C4%83" title="Consoană dentală">Dentale</a> / <a href="/wiki/Consoan%C4%83_alveolar%C4%83" title="Consoană alveolară">Alveolare</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Consoan%C4%83_postalveolar%C4%83" title="Consoană postalveolară">Postalveolare</a> / <a href="/wiki/Consoan%C4%83_palatal%C4%83" title="Consoană palatală">Palatale</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Consoan%C4%83_velar%C4%83" title="Consoană velară">Velare</a> </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Consoan%C4%83_nazal%C4%83" title="Consoană nazală">Nazale</a> </th> <td><span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>m</span> </td> <td><span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>n</span> </td> <td><span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>ɲ</span> </td> <td><span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>[ŋ]</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Consoan%C4%83_oclusiv%C4%83" title="Consoană oclusivă">Oclusive</a> </th> <td><span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>p</span>  <span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>b</span> </td> <td><span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>t</span>  <span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>d</span> </td> <td><span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>c</span>  <span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>ɟ</span> </td> <td><span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>k</span>  <span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>ɡ</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Consoan%C4%83_africat%C4%83" title="Consoană africată">Africate</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>t͡s</span>  <span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>d͡z</span> </td> <td><span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>t͡ʃ</span>  <span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>d͡ʒ</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Consoan%C4%83_fricativ%C4%83" title="Consoană fricativă">Fricative</a> </th> <td>(<span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>f</span>)  <span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>v</span> </td> <td><span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>s</span>  <span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>z</span> </td> <td><span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>ʃ</span>  <span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>ʒ</span> </td> <td>(<span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>x</span>) </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Consoan%C4%83_sonant%C4%83" title="Consoană sonantă">Sonante centrale</a> / <a href="/wiki/Consoan%C4%83_vibrant%C4%83" title="Consoană vibrantă">Vibrante</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>r</span> </td> <td><span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>j</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Consoan%C4%83_sonant%C4%83" title="Consoană sonantă">Sonante laterale</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>l</span> </td> <td><span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>ʎ</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Consoanele înșiruite se <a href="/wiki/Asimila%C8%9Bie_(lingvistic%C4%83)" title="Asimilație (lingvistică)">asimilează</a> <a href="/wiki/Asimila%C8%9Bie_(lingvistic%C4%83)" title="Asimilație (lingvistică)">regresiv</a> <a href="/wiki/Asimila%C8%9Bie_(lingvistic%C4%83)#După_trăsătura_care_se_schimbă" title="Asimilație (lingvistică)">în sonoritate</a>, e.g. a<b>p</b>gabals <span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>[ˈa<b>b</b>ɡabals]</span> sau la<b>b</b>s <span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>[ˈla<b>p</b>s]</span>. Limba letonă nu prezintă <a href="/wiki/Desonorizare_final%C4%83" title="Desonorizare finală">desonorizare finală</a>. </p><p>Consoanele pot fi lungi (scrise dublu) <span lang="lv" style="font-style:italic">mamma</span> <span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>[ˈmamːa]</span>, sau scurte. Ocluzivele și fricativele care apar între două vocale scurte sunt prelungite: <span lang="lv" style="font-style:italic">upe</span> <span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>[ˈupːe]</span>. „zs” se pronunță <span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>/sː/</span>, iar šs și žs se pronunță <span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>/ʃː/</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vocale">Vocale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vocale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Vocale"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Letona are șase vocale, cu lungimea vocalică ca trăsătură distinctivă. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Vocalele letone </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">  </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Vocal%C4%83_anterioar%C4%83" title="Vocală anterioară">Anterioare</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Vocal%C4%83_central%C4%83" title="Vocală centrală">Centrale</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Vocal%C4%83_posterioar%C4%83" title="Vocală posterioară">Posterioare</a> </th></tr> <tr class="small"> <th>scurte </th> <th>lungi </th> <th>scurte </th> <th>lungi </th> <th>scurte </th> <th>lungi </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Deschidere_vocalic%C4%83" title="Deschidere vocalică">Închise</a> </th> <td><span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>i</span> </td> <td><span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>iː</span> </td> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td><span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>u</span> </td> <td><span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>uː</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Deschidere_vocalic%C4%83" title="Deschidere vocalică">Mijlocii</a> </th> <td><span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>e</span> </td> <td><span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>eː</span> </td> <td colspan="2">  </td> <td>(<span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>ɔ</span>) </td> <td>(<span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>ɔː</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Deschidere_vocalic%C4%83" title="Deschidere vocalică">Deschise</a> </th> <td><span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>æ</span> </td> <td><span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>æː</span> </td> <td><span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>a</span> </td> <td><span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>aː</span> </td> <td colspan="2">  </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>/ɔ ɔː/</span>, și diftongii în care apar, cu excepția lui <span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>/uɔ/</span>, sunt limitate la cuvintele împrumutate </p><p>De asemenea, letona are 10 <a href="/wiki/Diftong" title="Diftong">diftongi</a>, dintre care patru sunt întâlniți doar în cuvinte împrumutate (<span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>/ai ui ɛi au iɛ uɔ iu (ɔi) ɛu (ɔu)/</span>), însă unii diftongi sunt limitați în principal la nume proprii și interjecții. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accent">Accent</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modifică secțiunea: Accent" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Accent"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Limba letonă standard și, cu câteva mici excepții, toate dialectele letone au accent inițial fix. Vocalele lungi și diftongii au <a href="/wiki/Ton_(lingvistic%C4%83)" title="Ton (lingvistică)">ton</a>, indiferent de poziția lor în cuvânt. Sunt incluse și așa-numiții „diftongi micști”, compuși dintr-o vocală scurtă urmată de o <a href="/wiki/Consoan%C4%83_sonant%C4%83" title="Consoană sonantă">sonantă</a> (i.e. r, l, ļ sau m) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lexic">Lexic</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modifică secțiunea: Lexic" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Lexic"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuvinte_de_împrumut"><span id="Cuvinte_de_.C3.AEmprumut"></span>Cuvinte de împrumut</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Modifică secțiunea: Cuvinte de împrumut" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Cuvinte de împrumut"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>În perioada medievală, multe cuvinte din germana de jos, printre care <i>amats</i> „meserie”, <i>dambis</i> „baraj”, <i>būvēt</i> „a construi” și <i>bikses</i> „pantaloni” au fost preluate în letonă, în timp ce în perioada <a href="/wiki/Livonia" title="Livonia">Livoniei suedeze</a> au fost împrumutate cuvinte precum <i>skurstenis</i> „horn” din <a href="/wiki/Limba_suedez%C4%83" title="Limba suedeză">suedeză</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Veips_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Veips-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De asemenea, letona a preluat cuvinte din <a href="/wiki/Limbi_balto-finice" title="Limbi balto-finice">limbile finnice</a>, în principal din <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_livon%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba livonă — pagină inexistentă">livonă</a> și <a href="/wiki/Limba_eston%C4%83" title="Limba estonă">estonă</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Există aproximativ 500-600 de cuvinte de origine finică în letonă, printre care: <i>māja</i> „casă” (liv. <i>mōj</i>), <i>puika</i> „băiat” (liv. <i>pūoga</i>), <i>pīlādzis</i> „sorb” (liv. <i>pī'lõg</i>), <i>sēne</i> „ciupercă” (liv. <i>sēņ</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Printre cuvintele împrumutate din alte limbi baltice se numără <i>ķermenis</i> „corp” din <a href="/wiki/Limba_prusac%C4%83_veche" title="Limba prusacă veche">prusaca veche</a>, precum și <i>veikals</i> „magazin” și <i>paģiras</i> „mahmureală” din <a href="/wiki/Limba_lituanian%C4%83" title="Limba lituaniană">lituaniană</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Veips_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Veips-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/languages_en">„EU official languages”</a>. <i>European-union.europa.eu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(<time datetime="2001">2001</time>). <i>The Circum-Baltic Languages</i> (în engleză). 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Routledge. pp. 454–479. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9781134921867" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/9781134921867">9781134921867</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/908192063">908192063</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Baltic+Languages&rft.btitle=The+Indo-European+Languages&rft.pages=454-479&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F908192063&rft.isbn=9781134921867&rft.aulast=Ramat&rft.aufirst=Anna+Giacalone&rft.au=Ramat%2C+Paolo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALimba+leton%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://providus.lv/article_files/1500/original/Min-LatviaEN.pdf?1331720008"><i>Minority Protection in Latvia</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 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Accesat în <time datetime="2019-09-03">3 septembrie 2019</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Minority+Protection+in+Latvia&rft.pub=Open+Society+Institute&rft.date=2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprovidus.lv%2Farticle_files%2F1500%2Foriginal%2FMin-LatviaEN.pdf%3F1331720008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALimba+leton%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vvk.lv/index.php?sadala=129&id=389">„Dažādu tautu valodu prasme”</a>. <i>vvk.lv</i> (în letonă).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vvk.lv&rft.atitle=Da%C5%BE%C4%81du+tautu+valodu+prasme&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vvk.lv%2Findex.php%3Fsadala%3D129%26id%3D389&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALimba+leton%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CSB_2013-11"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CSB_2013_11-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csb.gov.lv/en/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/census/search-in-theme/1442-home-latvian-spoken-62-latvian-population">„At Home Latvian Is Spoken by 62% of Latvian Population; the Majority – in Vidzeme and Lubāna County”</a> (în engleză). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Statistical_Bureau_of_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia — pagină inexistentă">Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia</a>. <time datetime="2013-09-26">26 septembrie 2013</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2014-10-30">30 octombrie 2014</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=At+Home+Latvian+Is+Spoken+by+62%25+of+Latvian+Population%3B+the+Majority+%E2%80%93+in+Vidzeme+and+Lub%C4%81na+County&rft.pub=Central+Statistical+Bureau+of+Latvia&rft.date=2013-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csb.gov.lv%2Fen%2Fstatistics%2Fstatistics-by-theme%2Fpopulation%2Fcensus%2Fsearch-in-theme%2F1442-home-latvian-spoken-62-latvian-population&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALimba+leton%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62%-12"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62%_12-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bnn-news.com/latvian-language-spoken-62-population-103604">„Latvian Language Is Spoken by 62% of the Population”</a> (în engleză). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baltic_News_Network&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baltic News Network — pagină inexistentă">Baltic News Network</a>. <time datetime="2013-09-26">26 septembrie 2013</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2014-10-30">30 octombrie 2014</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Latvian+Language+Is+Spoken+by+62%25+of+the+Population&rft.pub=Baltic+News+Network&rft.date=2013-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbnn-news.com%2Flatvian-language-spoken-62-population-103604&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALimba+leton%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LanguagesOnLatvia-13"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LanguagesOnLatvia_13-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Žemaitis, Augustinas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.onlatvia.com/languages-718">„Languages”</a>. <i>OnLatvia.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2022-08-01">1 august 2022</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OnLatvia.com&rft.atitle=Languages&rft.aulast=%C5%BDemaitis&rft.aufirst=Augustinas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.onlatvia.com%2Flanguages-718&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALimba+leton%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221010/https://valoda.lv/en/wp-content/uploads/monitorings%20eng.pdf"><i>Language situation in Latvia: 2004–2010</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_Language_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latvian Language Agency — pagină inexistentă">Latvian Language Agency</a>. <time datetime="2012">2012</time>. pp. 18–20. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-9984-815-81-7" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-9984-815-81-7">978-9984-815-81-7</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://valoda.lv/en/wp-content/uploads/monitorings%20eng.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> la <time datetime="2022-10-10">10 octombrie 2022</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+situation+in+Latvia%3A+2004%E2%80%932010&rft.pages=18-20&rft.pub=Latvian+Language+Agency&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-9984-815-81-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvaloda.lv%2Fen%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fmonitorings%2520eng.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALimba+leton%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Veips-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Veips_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Veips_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Veips, Lauris (<time datetime="2017-05-13">13 mai 2017</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eng.lsm.lv/article/features/features/from-the-language-of-serfs-to-official-eu-communication-the-journey-of-latvian.a236321/">„From the Language of Serfs to Official EU Communication – the Journey of Latvian”</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_Broadcasting_of_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Public Broadcasting of Latvia — pagină inexistentă">LSM.lv</a></i> (în engleză)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2017-10-27">27 octombrie 2017</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LSM.lv&rft.atitle=From+the+Language+of+Serfs+to+Official+EU+Communication+%E2%80%93+the+Journey+of+Latvian&rft.date=2017-05-13&rft.aulast=Veips&rft.aufirst=Lauris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feng.lsm.lv%2Farticle%2Ffeatures%2Ffeatures%2Ffrom-the-language-of-serfs-to-official-eu-communication-the-journey-of-latvian.a236321%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALimba+leton%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Baltic-languages/Loanwords-in-Baltic">„Baltic languages – Loanwords in Baltic”</a>. <i>britannica.com</i> (în engleză).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=britannica.com&rft.atitle=Baltic+languages+%E2%80%93+Loanwords+in+Baltic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FBaltic-languages%2FLoanwords-in-Baltic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALimba+leton%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie_suplimentară"><span id="Bibliografie_suplimentar.C4.83"></span>Bibliografie suplimentară</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bibliografie suplimentară" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_leton%C4%83&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografie suplimentară"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rick_Derksen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rick Derksen — pagină inexistentă">Derksen, Rick</a> (<time datetime="1996">1996</time>). <i>Metatony in Baltic</i> (în engleză). Amsterdam: Rodopi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Metatony+in+Baltic&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pub=Rodopi&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Derksen&rft.aufirst=Rick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALimba+leton%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Kalnača, Andra; Lokmane, Ilze (<time datetime="2021">2021</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dspace.lu.lv/dspace/handle/7/54312"><i>Latvian Grammar</i></a> (în engleză). Rīga: University of Latvia Press. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.22364%2Flatgram.2021">10.22364/latgram.2021</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-9934-18-635-6" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-9934-18-635-6">978-9934-18-635-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Latvian+Grammar&rft.place=R%C4%ABga&rft.pub=University+of+Latvia+Press&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.22364%2Flatgram.2021&rft.isbn=978-9934-18-635-6&rft.aulast=Kalna%C4%8Da&rft.aufirst=Andra&rft.au=Lokmane%2C+Ilze&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdspace.lu.lv%2Fdspace%2Fhandle%2F7%2F54312&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALimba+leton%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Prauliņš, Dace (<time datetime="2012">2012</time>). <i>Latvian: An Essential Grammar</i> (în engleză). London: Routeledge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9780415576925" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/9780415576925">9780415576925</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Latvian%3A+An+Essential+Grammar&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routeledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780415576925&rft.aulast=Prauli%C5%86%C5%A1&rft.aufirst=Dace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALimba+leton%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Adus de la <a dir="ltr" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Limba_letonă&oldid=16180093">https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Limba_letonă&oldid=16180093</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categorii" title="Special:Categorii">Categorii</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Limbi_baltice" title="Categorie:Limbi baltice">Limbi baltice</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Limbile_Europei" title="Categorie:Limbile Europei">Limbile Europei</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorii ascunse: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_cu_surse_%C3%AEn_limba_englez%C4%83_(en)" title="Categorie:Articole cu surse în limba engleză (en)">Articole cu surse în limba engleză (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_cu_surse_%C3%AEn_limba_leton%C4%83_(lv)" title="Categorie:Articole cu surse în limba letonă (lv)">Articole cu surse în limba letonă (lv)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_cu_leg%C4%83turi_c%C4%83tre_elemente_f%C4%83r%C4%83_etichet%C4%83_%C3%AEn_limba_rom%C3%A2n%C4%83" title="Categorie:Articole cu legături către elemente fără etichetă în limba română">Articole cu legături către elemente fără etichetă în limba română</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Pagini_cu_leg%C4%83turi_spre_con%C8%9Binut_disponibil_doar_pe_baz%C4%83_de_abonament" title="Categorie:Pagini cu legături spre conținut disponibil doar pe bază de abonament">Pagini cu legături spre conținut disponibil doar pe bază de abonament</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ultima editare a paginii a fost efectuată la 23 martie 2024, ora 04:33.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Acest text este disponibil sub licența <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro">Creative Commons cu atribuire și distribuire în condiții identice</a>; pot exista și clauze suplimentare. 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