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var a = axel * 10000000000000; document.write('<iframe src="https://2542116.fls.doubleclick.net/activityi;src=2542116;type=gblog;cat=googl0;ord=ord=' + a + '?" width="1" height="1" frameborder="0" style="display:none"></iframe>'); //]]> </script> <noscript> <img alt='' height='1' src='https://ad.doubleclick.net/ddm/activity/src=2542116;type=gblog;cat=googl0;ord=1?' width='1'/> </noscript>  <div class='header-outer'> <div class='header-inner'> <div class='section' id='header'><div class='widget Header' data-version='1' id='Header1'> <div class='header-left'> <div class='header-title'> <a class='google-logo' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/'> <img height='50' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/branding/googlelogo/2x/googlelogo_color_150x54dp.png'/> </a> <a href='/.'> <h2> Testing Blog </h2> </a> </div> <div class='header-desc'> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div>  <div class='cols-wrapper loading'> <div class='col-main-wrapper'> <div class='col-main'> <div class='section' id='main'><div class='widget Blog' data-version='1' id='Blog1'> <div class='post' data-id='8496941680071944335' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <h2 class='title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2010/08/test-driven-code-review.html' itemprop='url' title='Test Driven Code Review'> Test Driven Code Review </a> </h2> <div class='post-header'> <div class='published'> Monday, August 02, 2010 </div> </div> <div class='post-body'> <div class='post-content' itemprop='articleBody'> <script type='text/template'> <div> By Philip Zembrod</div> <div> </div> <div> In my <a href="http://googletesting.blogspot.com/2010/06/test-driven-integration.html">quest to explore TDD</a> I recently found another propery of TDD-written code that I hadn't expected: When reviewing or just reading such code, it's often best to first read the tests.</div> <div> </div> <div> When I look at new code or a code change, I ask: What is this about? What is it supposed to do? Questions that tests often have a good answer for. They expose interfaces and state use cases. This is cool, I thought, and decided to establish test-first reading as my code-reviewing routine. Of course this just applies the specification aspect of tests: Reading the specs before reading the code.</div> <div> </div> <div> Only it didn't always work. From some tests I just failed to learn the point and intention of the tested code. Often, though not always, these were tests that were heavy with mocks and mock expectations.</div> <div> </div> <div> Mocks aren't always a helpful tool, was my first conclusion. The phrase "Good mocks, bad mocks" popped up in my mind. I began to appreciate fakes again - and the people who write them. But soon I realized that this was about more than mocks vs. fakes vs. dummies vs. other <a href="http://googletesting.blogspot.com/2008/06/tott-friends-you-can-depend-on.html">Friends You Can Depend On</a>. I was really looking at how well tests fulfill their role as specification.</div> <div> </div> <div> TDD teaches that tests are a better specification than prose. Tests are automatically enforced, and get stale less easily. But not all tests work equally well as specification! That's what test driven code reviewing taught me.</div> <div> </div> <div> I began to call them well-specifying tests and poorly-specifying tests. And the specification aspect isn't just some additional benefit, it's a really crucial property of tests. The more I thought about it, the more I saw: It is connected to a lot of things that first weren't obvious to me:</div> <div> <ul> <li>If tests are poorly-specifying, then possibly the tested product is poorly specified or documented. After all, it's the tests that really make sure how a product behaves. If they don't clearly state what they test, then it's less clear how the product works. That's a problem.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Well-specifying tests are more robust. If a test just does and verifies things of which the architect or product manager will readily say "yes, we need that" then the test will survive refactorings or new features. Simply because "yes, we need that." The test's use case is needed, its conditions must hold. It needn't be adapted to new code, new code must pass it. False positives are less likely.</li> </ul> </div> <div> Corollary: Well-specifying tests have higher authority. If a test fails, a natural reaction is to ask "is this serious?" If a test is poorly-specifying, if you don't really understand what it is testing, then you may say "well, maybe it's nothing". And you may even be right! If a test is well-specifying, you'll easily see that its failing is serious. And you'll make sure the code gets fixed.</div> <div> </div> <div> I'm now thinking about an authority rank between 0 and 1 as a property of tests. It could be used to augment test coverage metrics. Code that is just covered by poorly-specifying tests would have poor authority coverage, even if the coverage is high. Quantifying an authority rank would be a conceptual challenge, of course, but part of it could be how well test driven code reviewing works with a given test.</div> <div> </div> <div> P.S. If anyone suspects that I'm having some fun inventing terms beginning with "test driven," I'll plead guilty as charged. :-)</div> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </script> <noscript> <div> By Philip Zembrod</div> <div> </div> <div> In my <a href="http://googletesting.blogspot.com/2010/06/test-driven-integration.html">quest to explore TDD</a> I recently found another propery of TDD-written code that I hadn't expected: When reviewing or just reading such code, it's often best to first read the tests.</div> <div> </div> <div> When I look at new code or a code change, I ask: What is this about? What is it supposed to do? Questions that tests often have a good answer for. They expose interfaces and state use cases. This is cool, I thought, and decided to establish test-first reading as my code-reviewing routine. Of course this just applies the specification aspect of tests: Reading the specs before reading the code.</div> <div> </div> <div> Only it didn't always work. From some tests I just failed to learn the point and intention of the tested code. Often, though not always, these were tests that were heavy with mocks and mock expectations.</div> <div> </div> <div> Mocks aren't always a helpful tool, was my first conclusion. The phrase "Good mocks, bad mocks" popped up in my mind. I began to appreciate fakes again - and the people who write them. But soon I realized that this was about more than mocks vs. fakes vs. dummies vs. other <a href="http://googletesting.blogspot.com/2008/06/tott-friends-you-can-depend-on.html">Friends You Can Depend On</a>. I was really looking at how well tests fulfill their role as specification.</div> <div> </div> <div> TDD teaches that tests are a better specification than prose. Tests are automatically enforced, and get stale less easily. But not all tests work equally well as specification! That's what test driven code reviewing taught me.</div> <div> </div> <div> I began to call them well-specifying tests and poorly-specifying tests. And the specification aspect isn't just some additional benefit, it's a really crucial property of tests. The more I thought about it, the more I saw: It is connected to a lot of things that first weren't obvious to me:</div> <div> <ul> <li>If tests are poorly-specifying, then possibly the tested product is poorly specified or documented. After all, it's the tests that really make sure how a product behaves. If they don't clearly state what they test, then it's less clear how the product works. That's a problem.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Well-specifying tests are more robust. If a test just does and verifies things of which the architect or product manager will readily say "yes, we need that" then the test will survive refactorings or new features. Simply because "yes, we need that." The test's use case is needed, its conditions must hold. It needn't be adapted to new code, new code must pass it. False positives are less likely.</li> </ul> </div> <div> Corollary: Well-specifying tests have higher authority. If a test fails, a natural reaction is to ask "is this serious?" If a test is poorly-specifying, if you don't really understand what it is testing, then you may say "well, maybe it's nothing". And you may even be right! If a test is well-specifying, you'll easily see that its failing is serious. And you'll make sure the code gets fixed.</div> <div> </div> <div> I'm now thinking about an authority rank between 0 and 1 as a property of tests. It could be used to augment test coverage metrics. Code that is just covered by poorly-specifying tests would have poor authority coverage, even if the coverage is high. Quantifying an authority rank would be a conceptual challenge, of course, but part of it could be how well test driven code reviewing works with a given test.</div> <div> </div> <div> P.S. If anyone suspects that I'm having some fun inventing terms beginning with "test driven," I'll plead guilty as charged. :-)</div> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class='share'> <span class='twitter-custom social-wrapper' data-href='http://twitter.com/share?text=Google Testing Blog:Test Driven Code Review&url=https://testing.googleblog.com/2010/08/test-driven-code-review.html&via=googletesting'> <img alt='Share on Twitter' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_twitter_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> <img alt='Share on Facebook' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_facebook_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </div> <div class='comment-container'>  <a href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2010/08/test-driven-code-review.html#comments' style='font-weight: 500; text-decoration: underline;'>6 comments</a> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='cmt_iframe_holder' data-href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2010/08/test-driven-code-review.html' data-viewtype='FILTERED_POSTMOD'></div> <a href='https://plus.google.com/112374322230920073195' rel='author' style='display:none;'> Google </a> <div class='label-footer'> Labels: <a class='label' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/search/label/Philip%20Zembrod' rel='tag'> Philip Zembrod </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class='post' data-id='5625942980673464304' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <h2 class='title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2010/06/test-driven-integration.html' itemprop='url' title='Test Driven Integration'> Test Driven Integration </a> </h2> <div class='post-header'> <div class='published'> Tuesday, June 22, 2010 </div> </div> <div class='post-body'> <div class='post-content' itemprop='articleBody'> <script type='text/template'> <div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; background-color: transparent; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "><h1 id="internal-source-marker_0.5581383914686739">By Philip Zembrod</h1><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; ">In an <a href="http://googletesting.blogspot.com/2008/09/test-first-is-fun_08.html">earlier post</a> on trying out TDD I wrote how my mindset while coding changed from fear of bugs in the new code to eager anticipation to see the new code run through and eventually pass the already written tests. Today I want to tell about integrating components by writing integration tests first. <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; "> <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; ">In a new project we decided to follow TDD from the start. We happily created components, “testing feature after feature into existence” (a phrase I love; I picked it up from a colleague), hitting a small test coverage of around 90% from the start. Obviously, when it came to integrating the components into a product, the obvious choice was to do that test-driven, too. So how did that go? <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; "> <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; ">What I would have done traditionally was select a large enough set of components that, once integrated, should make up something I could play with. Since at least a minimum UI would be needed, plus something that does visible or useful things, preferably both, this something would likely have been largish, integrating quite a few components. With the playing around and tryout, I’d enter debugging, because of course it wouldn’t work at first attempt. The not-too-small number of integrated components would make tracking the cause of failures hard, and anticipating all this while coding, I’d have met the well-known fearful mindset again, slowing me down, as I described in my initial TDD post. <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; "> <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; ">How did TDI change this game for me? I realized: With my unit test toolbox that can test any single component, I can also test an integration of 2 components regardless of whether they have a UI or do something visible. That was the key to a truly incremental process of small steps. <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; "> <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; ">First, write the test for 2 components, run it and see it fail to make sure the integration code I’m about to write is actually executed by the test. Write that bit of code, run the test and see it succeed. If it still fails, fix what's broken and repeat. Finding what's broken in this mode is usually easy enough because the increments are small. If the test failure doesn’t make obvious what’s wrong, adding some verifications or some logging does the trick. A debugger should never be needed; automated tests are, after all, a bit like recorded debugging sessions that you can replay any time in the future. <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; "> <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; ">Repeating this for the 3rd component added, the 4th, etc., I could watch my product grow, with new passing tests every day. Small steps, low risks in each, no fear of debugging; instead, continuous progress. Every day this roaring thrill: It works, it works! Something’s running that didn’t run yesterday. And tomorrow morning I’ll start another test that will run tomorrow evening, most likely. Or already at lunchtime. Imagine what kind of motivation and acceleration this would give you. Better, try it out for yourself. I hope you’ll be as amazed and excited as I am. <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; "> <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; ">What are the benefits? As with plain TDD, I find this fun-factor, this replacement of dread of debugging by eagerness for writing the next test to be able to write and run the next code the most striking effect of TDI. <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; "> <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; ">The process is also much more systematic. Once you have specified your expectations at each level of integration, you’ll verify them continuously in the future, just by running the tests. Compare that to how reproducible, thorough and lasting your verification of your integration would be if you’d done it manually. <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; "> <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; ">And if you wrote an integration test for every function or feature that you cared about during integration, then you can make sure each of them is in shape any time by just running the tests. I suspect one can’t appreciate the level of confidence in the code that creates until one has experienced it. I find it amazing. I dare you to try it yourself! <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; "> <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; ">P.S. On top of this come all the other usual benefits of well-tested code that would probably be redundant to enumerate here, so I won’t. ;-) <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; "> </div></div> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </script> <noscript> <div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; background-color: transparent; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "><h1 id="internal-source-marker_0.5581383914686739">By Philip Zembrod</h1><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; ">In an <a href="http://googletesting.blogspot.com/2008/09/test-first-is-fun_08.html">earlier post</a> on trying out TDD I wrote how my mindset while coding changed from fear of bugs in the new code to eager anticipation to see the new code run through and eventually pass the already written tests. Today I want to tell about integrating components by writing integration tests first. <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; "> <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; ">In a new project we decided to follow TDD from the start. We happily created components, “testing feature after feature into existence” (a phrase I love; I picked it up from a colleague), hitting a small test coverage of around 90% from the start. Obviously, when it came to integrating the components into a product, the obvious choice was to do that test-driven, too. So how did that go? <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; "> <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; ">What I would have done traditionally was select a large enough set of components that, once integrated, should make up something I could play with. Since at least a minimum UI would be needed, plus something that does visible or useful things, preferably both, this something would likely have been largish, integrating quite a few components. With the playing around and tryout, I’d enter debugging, because of course it wouldn’t work at first attempt. The not-too-small number of integrated components would make tracking the cause of failures hard, and anticipating all this while coding, I’d have met the well-known fearful mindset again, slowing me down, as I described in my initial TDD post. <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; "> <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; ">How did TDI change this game for me? I realized: With my unit test toolbox that can test any single component, I can also test an integration of 2 components regardless of whether they have a UI or do something visible. That was the key to a truly incremental process of small steps. <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; "> <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; ">First, write the test for 2 components, run it and see it fail to make sure the integration code I’m about to write is actually executed by the test. Write that bit of code, run the test and see it succeed. If it still fails, fix what's broken and repeat. Finding what's broken in this mode is usually easy enough because the increments are small. If the test failure doesn’t make obvious what’s wrong, adding some verifications or some logging does the trick. A debugger should never be needed; automated tests are, after all, a bit like recorded debugging sessions that you can replay any time in the future. <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; "> <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; ">Repeating this for the 3rd component added, the 4th, etc., I could watch my product grow, with new passing tests every day. Small steps, low risks in each, no fear of debugging; instead, continuous progress. Every day this roaring thrill: It works, it works! Something’s running that didn’t run yesterday. And tomorrow morning I’ll start another test that will run tomorrow evening, most likely. Or already at lunchtime. Imagine what kind of motivation and acceleration this would give you. Better, try it out for yourself. I hope you’ll be as amazed and excited as I am. <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; "> <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; ">What are the benefits? As with plain TDD, I find this fun-factor, this replacement of dread of debugging by eagerness for writing the next test to be able to write and run the next code the most striking effect of TDI. <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; "> <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; ">The process is also much more systematic. Once you have specified your expectations at each level of integration, you’ll verify them continuously in the future, just by running the tests. Compare that to how reproducible, thorough and lasting your verification of your integration would be if you’d done it manually. <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; "> <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; ">And if you wrote an integration test for every function or feature that you cared about during integration, then you can make sure each of them is in shape any time by just running the tests. I suspect one can’t appreciate the level of confidence in the code that creates until one has experienced it. I find it amazing. I dare you to try it yourself! <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; "> <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; ">P.S. On top of this come all the other usual benefits of well-tested code that would probably be redundant to enumerate here, so I won’t. ;-) <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; "> </div></div> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class='share'> <span class='twitter-custom social-wrapper' data-href='http://twitter.com/share?text=Google Testing Blog:Test Driven Integration&url=https://testing.googleblog.com/2010/06/test-driven-integration.html&via=googletesting'> <img alt='Share on Twitter' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_twitter_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> <img alt='Share on Facebook' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_facebook_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </div> <div class='comment-container'>  <a href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2010/06/test-driven-integration.html#comments' style='font-weight: 500; text-decoration: underline;'>6 comments</a> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='cmt_iframe_holder' data-href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2010/06/test-driven-integration.html' data-viewtype='FILTERED_POSTMOD'></div> <a href='https://plus.google.com/112374322230920073195' rel='author' style='display:none;'> Google </a> <div class='label-footer'> Labels: <a class='label' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/search/label/Philip%20Zembrod' rel='tag'> Philip Zembrod </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class='post' data-id='6439752824814475237' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <h2 class='title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2008/10/gui-testing-dont-sleep-without.html' itemprop='url' title='GUI Testing: Don't Sleep Without Synchronization'> GUI Testing: Don't Sleep Without Synchronization </a> </h2> <div class='post-header'> <div class='published'> Tuesday, October 28, 2008 </div> </div> <div class='post-body'> <div class='post-content' itemprop='articleBody'> <script type='text/template'> Posted by Philip Zembrod, Software Engineer in Test, Sweden So you're working on TheFinalApp - the ultimate end-user application, with lots of good features and a really neat GUI. You have a team that's keen on testing and a level of unit test coverage that others only dream of. The star of the show is your suite of automatic GUI end-to-end tests — your team doesn't have to manually test every release candidate. Life would be good if only the GUI tests weren't so flaky. Every once and again, your test case clicks a menu item too early, while the menu is still opening. Or it double-clicks to open a tree node, tries to verify the open too early, then retries, which closes the node (oops). You have tried adding sleep statements, which has helped somewhat, but has also slowed down your tests. Why all this pain? Because GUIs are not designed to synchronize with other computer programs. They are designed to synchronize with human beings, which are not like computers: <ul> <li>Humans act much more slowly. Well-honed GUI test robots drive GUIs at near theoretical maximum speed.</li> <li>Humans are much better at observing the GUI, and they react intelligently to what they see.</li> <li>Humans extract more meaningful information from a GUI.</li> </ul> In contrast to testing a server, where you usually find enough methods or messages in the server API to synchronize the testing with the server, a GUI application usually lacks these means of synchronization. As a result, a running automated GUI test often consists of one long sequence of race conditions between the automated test and the application under test. GUI test synchronization boils down to the question: Is the app under test finished with what it's doing? "What it's doing" may be small, like displaying a combo box, or big, like a business transaction. Whatever "it" is, the test must be able to tell whether "it" is finished. Maybe you want to test something while "it" is underway, like verify that the browser icon is rotating while a page is loading. Maybe you want to deliberately click the "Submit" button again in the middle of a transaction to verify that nothing bad happens. But usually, you want to wait until "it" is done. How to find out whether "it" is done? Ask! Let your test case ask your GUI app. In other words: provide one or several test hooks suitable for your synchronization needs. The questions to ask depend on the type, platform, and architecture of your application. Here are three questions that worked for me when dealing with a single-threaded Win32 MFC database app: The first is a question for the OS. The Win32 API provides a function to wait while a process has pending input events: DWORD WaitForInputIdle(HANDLE hProcess, DWORD dwMilliseconds). Choosing the shortest possible timeout (dwMilliseconds = 1) effectively turns this from a wait-for to a check-if function, so you can explicitly control the waiting loop; for example, to combine several different check functions. Reasoning: If the GUI app has pending input, it's surely not ready for new input. The second question is: Is the GUI app's message queue empty? I did this with a test hook, in this case a WM_USER message; it could perhaps also be done by calling PeekMessage() in the GUI app's process context via CreateRemoteThread(). Reasoning: If the GUI app still has messages in its queue, it's not yet ready for new input. The third is more like sending a probe than a question, but again using a test hook. The test framework resets a certain flag in the GUI app (synchronously) and then (asynchronously) posts a WM_USER message into the app's message queue that, upon being processed, sets this flag. Now the test framework checks periodically (and synchronously again) to see whether the flag has been set. Once it has, you know the posted message has been processed. Reasoning: When the posted message (the probe) has been processed, then surely messages and events sent earlier to the GUI app have been processed. Of course, for multi-threaded applications this might be more complex. These three synchronization techniques resulted in fast and stable test execution, without any test flakiness due to timing issues. All without sleeps, except in the synchronization loop. Applying this idea to different platforms requires finding the right questions to ask and the right way to ask them. I'd be interested to hear if someone has done something similar, e.g. for an Ajax application. A query into the server to check if any XML responses are pending, perhaps? <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </script> <noscript> Posted by Philip Zembrod, Software Engineer in Test, Sweden So you're working on TheFinalApp - the ultimate end-user application, with lots of good features and a really neat GUI. You have a team that's keen on testing and a level of unit test coverage that others only dream of. The star of the show is your suite of automatic GUI end-to-end tests — your team doesn't have to manually test every release candidate. Life would be good if only the GUI tests weren't so flaky. Every once and again, your test case clicks a menu item too early, while the menu is still opening. Or it double-clicks to open a tree node, tries to verify the open too early, then retries, which closes the node (oops). You have tried adding sleep statements, which has helped somewhat, but has also slowed down your tests. Why all this pain? Because GUIs are not designed to synchronize with other computer programs. They are designed to synchronize with human beings, which are not like computers: <ul> <li>Humans act much more slowly. Well-honed GUI test robots drive GUIs at near theoretical maximum speed.</li> <li>Humans are much better at observing the GUI, and they react intelligently to what they see.</li> <li>Humans extract more meaningful information from a GUI.</li> </ul> In contrast to testing a server, where you usually find enough methods or messages in the server API to synchronize the testing with the server, a GUI application usually lacks these means of synchronization. As a result, a running automated GUI test often consists of one long sequence of race conditions between the automated test and the application under test. GUI test synchronization boils down to the question: Is the app under test finished with what it's doing? "What it's doing" may be small, like displaying a combo box, or big, like a business transaction. Whatever "it" is, the test must be able to tell whether "it" is finished. Maybe you want to test something while "it" is underway, like verify that the browser icon is rotating while a page is loading. Maybe you want to deliberately click the "Submit" button again in the middle of a transaction to verify that nothing bad happens. But usually, you want to wait until "it" is done. How to find out whether "it" is done? Ask! Let your test case ask your GUI app. In other words: provide one or several test hooks suitable for your synchronization needs. The questions to ask depend on the type, platform, and architecture of your application. Here are three questions that worked for me when dealing with a single-threaded Win32 MFC database app: The first is a question for the OS. The Win32 API provides a function to wait while a process has pending input events: DWORD WaitForInputIdle(HANDLE hProcess, DWORD dwMilliseconds). Choosing the shortest possible timeout (dwMilliseconds = 1) effectively turns this from a wait-for to a check-if function, so you can explicitly control the waiting loop; for example, to combine several different check functions. Reasoning: If the GUI app has pending input, it's surely not ready for new input. The second question is: Is the GUI app's message queue empty? I did this with a test hook, in this case a WM_USER message; it could perhaps also be done by calling PeekMessage() in the GUI app's process context via CreateRemoteThread(). Reasoning: If the GUI app still has messages in its queue, it's not yet ready for new input. The third is more like sending a probe than a question, but again using a test hook. The test framework resets a certain flag in the GUI app (synchronously) and then (asynchronously) posts a WM_USER message into the app's message queue that, upon being processed, sets this flag. Now the test framework checks periodically (and synchronously again) to see whether the flag has been set. Once it has, you know the posted message has been processed. Reasoning: When the posted message (the probe) has been processed, then surely messages and events sent earlier to the GUI app have been processed. Of course, for multi-threaded applications this might be more complex. These three synchronization techniques resulted in fast and stable test execution, without any test flakiness due to timing issues. All without sleeps, except in the synchronization loop. Applying this idea to different platforms requires finding the right questions to ask and the right way to ask them. I'd be interested to hear if someone has done something similar, e.g. for an Ajax application. A query into the server to check if any XML responses are pending, perhaps? <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class='share'> <span class='twitter-custom social-wrapper' data-href='http://twitter.com/share?text=Google Testing Blog:GUI Testing: Don't Sleep Without Synchronization&url=https://testing.googleblog.com/2008/10/gui-testing-dont-sleep-without.html&via=googletesting'> <img alt='Share on Twitter' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_twitter_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> <img alt='Share on Facebook' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_facebook_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </div> <div class='comment-container'>  <a href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2008/10/gui-testing-dont-sleep-without.html#comments' style='font-weight: 500; text-decoration: underline;'>10 comments</a> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='cmt_iframe_holder' data-href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2008/10/gui-testing-dont-sleep-without.html' data-viewtype='FILTERED_POSTMOD'></div> <a href='https://plus.google.com/112374322230920073195' rel='author' style='display:none;'> Google </a> <div class='label-footer'> Labels: <a class='label' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/search/label/Philip%20Zembrod' rel='tag'> Philip Zembrod </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class='post' data-id='5616620937874760541' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <h2 class='title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2008/09/test-first-is-fun_08.html' itemprop='url' title='Test first is fun!'> Test first is fun! </a> </h2> <div class='post-header'> <div class='published'> Monday, September 08, 2008 </div> </div> <div class='post-body'> <div class='post-content' itemprop='articleBody'> <script type='text/template'> Posted by Philip Zembrod So the Test-Driven-Development and Extreme-Programming people tell you you should write your tests even before you write the actual code. "Now this is taking things a bit too far," you might think. "To the extreme, even. Why would I want to do this?" In this post, I'll tell you my answer to this question. I now really do want to write my tests first...and here's why! After many years of writing code without using or writing unit tests, I took a colleague's advice and read Kent Beck's "Extreme Programming Explained." I picked "write tests first" as the first XP practice to try out in my daily coding. The practice is: Write a failing test for each feature you plan to implement. Run the test and see it fail. Then implement the feature until the test succeeds. Refactor now and begin again. Why write the test first? The obvious reason, I thought, was to make it more likely that tests will get written at all. But I heard the promise that this was not just a way to ensure tests aren't overlooked, but a way to higher productivity. I tried it, and found that getting tests written was indeed one of the less important reasons to write tests first! Writing tests firsts leads you to think about the interface first. Of course, you do that anyway when you write the header file with the C++ class definition or when you write a Java interface before you implement any methods. However, writing a test lets you focus on how the new interface will be used before even writing the interface. You could call writing the interface the supply side and writing the test the demand side of the deal. Writing the test first, you set out with the customer's or user's view of the new class. Another way of seeing the same thing is to regard the test as a coded specification. In the test, you specify what service the new class or feature should provide, and you specify, by example, the syntax with which this service will be requested. In contrast to specifications written in natural language, a specification written into a test contains a technical safeguard against growing stale: if it does, the test will probably fail. These two aspects of unit tests are enough to make me feel excited about writing them first. Tests are no longer a necessary chore, but the place and time where I start to design something new. That's what I love to do. How soon can I get started writing my next test? But this is still not the best part: If I write a test first, run it to see it fail (often even fail to compile), and write the code to satisfy the test, then I have everything in place to see my code running the minute it is written and compiled! No more dread of strange behaviour or system crashes the first time I launch the system with my new code! No more laborious navigating through the application to my code's feature! No more wondering: Did my code actually get executed or not? Just a quick run-the-testcase, and I know how my code runs: green - good. Red - not yet good. Read failure message and fix code until green. Debugging sucks, testing rocks, indeed! Of course, all the complex issues of integration and system testing remain. Good unit testing gives me a good head start for integration, but I might still be in for unpleasant surprises there. The point I want to make here, though, is about my state of mind when I write new code. For me, writing new code for complex systems was always accompanied by fear: fear of crashes I'd have to debug, fear of creating bugs I might not discover, fear of the dreary work of searching for bugs I might have created. Fear that took up a considerable amount of my mind space and slowed me down. Now, this fear is gone! I happily go about writing my code because I know the tests are already in place. It will cost me just a few keystrokes to run my finished code, and I will immediately see what it does. Hooray, I wrote a program, and it works, and it's easy to prove it! It's the same old enthusiasm that I felt more than 20 years ago when I wrote and ran my first programs. Many of you have felt it, too - the joy of inducing some life into this dead piece of hardware through our written word. And now this joy sits in my mind again where fear of crashes was before. You'd better believe that speeds up my coding! Want to give it a try yourself? <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </script> <noscript> Posted by Philip Zembrod So the Test-Driven-Development and Extreme-Programming people tell you you should write your tests even before you write the actual code. "Now this is taking things a bit too far," you might think. "To the extreme, even. Why would I want to do this?" In this post, I'll tell you my answer to this question. I now really do want to write my tests first...and here's why! After many years of writing code without using or writing unit tests, I took a colleague's advice and read Kent Beck's "Extreme Programming Explained." I picked "write tests first" as the first XP practice to try out in my daily coding. The practice is: Write a failing test for each feature you plan to implement. Run the test and see it fail. Then implement the feature until the test succeeds. Refactor now and begin again. Why write the test first? The obvious reason, I thought, was to make it more likely that tests will get written at all. But I heard the promise that this was not just a way to ensure tests aren't overlooked, but a way to higher productivity. I tried it, and found that getting tests written was indeed one of the less important reasons to write tests first! Writing tests firsts leads you to think about the interface first. Of course, you do that anyway when you write the header file with the C++ class definition or when you write a Java interface before you implement any methods. However, writing a test lets you focus on how the new interface will be used before even writing the interface. You could call writing the interface the supply side and writing the test the demand side of the deal. Writing the test first, you set out with the customer's or user's view of the new class. Another way of seeing the same thing is to regard the test as a coded specification. In the test, you specify what service the new class or feature should provide, and you specify, by example, the syntax with which this service will be requested. In contrast to specifications written in natural language, a specification written into a test contains a technical safeguard against growing stale: if it does, the test will probably fail. These two aspects of unit tests are enough to make me feel excited about writing them first. Tests are no longer a necessary chore, but the place and time where I start to design something new. That's what I love to do. How soon can I get started writing my next test? But this is still not the best part: If I write a test first, run it to see it fail (often even fail to compile), and write the code to satisfy the test, then I have everything in place to see my code running the minute it is written and compiled! No more dread of strange behaviour or system crashes the first time I launch the system with my new code! No more laborious navigating through the application to my code's feature! No more wondering: Did my code actually get executed or not? Just a quick run-the-testcase, and I know how my code runs: green - good. Red - not yet good. Read failure message and fix code until green. Debugging sucks, testing rocks, indeed! Of course, all the complex issues of integration and system testing remain. Good unit testing gives me a good head start for integration, but I might still be in for unpleasant surprises there. The point I want to make here, though, is about my state of mind when I write new code. For me, writing new code for complex systems was always accompanied by fear: fear of crashes I'd have to debug, fear of creating bugs I might not discover, fear of the dreary work of searching for bugs I might have created. Fear that took up a considerable amount of my mind space and slowed me down. Now, this fear is gone! I happily go about writing my code because I know the tests are already in place. It will cost me just a few keystrokes to run my finished code, and I will immediately see what it does. Hooray, I wrote a program, and it works, and it's easy to prove it! It's the same old enthusiasm that I felt more than 20 years ago when I wrote and ran my first programs. Many of you have felt it, too - the joy of inducing some life into this dead piece of hardware through our written word. And now this joy sits in my mind again where fear of crashes was before. You'd better believe that speeds up my coding! Want to give it a try yourself? <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class='share'> <span class='twitter-custom social-wrapper' data-href='http://twitter.com/share?text=Google Testing Blog:Test first is fun!&url=https://testing.googleblog.com/2008/09/test-first-is-fun_08.html&via=googletesting'> <img alt='Share on Twitter' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_twitter_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> <img alt='Share on Facebook' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_facebook_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </div> <div class='comment-container'>  <a href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2008/09/test-first-is-fun_08.html#comments' style='font-weight: 500; text-decoration: underline;'>10 comments</a> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='cmt_iframe_holder' data-href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2008/09/test-first-is-fun_08.html' 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id='BlogArchive1'> <div class='tab'>  <h2> Archive </h2>  </div> <div class='widget-content'> <div id='ArchiveList'> <div id='BlogArchive1_ArchiveList'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate expanded'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> ▼  </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2025/'> 2025 </a> (1) <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate expanded'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> ▼  </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2025/01/'> Jan </a> (1) <ul class='posts'> <li> <a href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2025/01/arrange-your-code-to-communicate-data.html'> Arrange Your Code to Communicate Data Flow </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> ►  </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://testing.googleblog.com/2024/'> 2024 </a> (13) <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate 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