CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"/> <script data-mrf-script="garda" data-mrf-dt="1" data-mrf-host="live.mrf.io" data-mrf-ct="article" src="https://live.mrf.io/statics/marfeel/gardac-sync.js" data-cfasync="false"></script> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style>  <title>Single-Well, High-Output Enhance Geothermal (“DGS”) — In Depth - CleanTechnica</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://cleantechnica.com/2024/09/09/single-well-high-output-enhance-geothermal-dgs-in-depth/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Single-Well, High-Output Enhance Geothermal (“DGS”) — In Depth - CleanTechnica" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Sign up for daily news updates from CleanTechnica on email. Or follow us on Google News! Greetings, serious geothermal supporters. This letter to the editor addresses articles touting the baseload, climate impact, and large-scale PPA capabilities of hot dry rock geothermal (HDR) systems, in particular Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS). The ... [continued]" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://cleantechnica.com/2024/09/09/single-well-high-output-enhance-geothermal-dgs-in-depth/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="CleanTechnica" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/CleanTechnica/" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-09-10T00:44:16+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/EGS-DGS-4.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="445" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png" /> <meta name="author" content="Letters to the Editor" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@cleantechnica" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@cleantechnica" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Written by" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="Letters to the Editor" /> <meta name="twitter:label2" content="Est. reading time" /> <meta name="twitter:data2" content="8 minutes" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https://cleantechnica.com/2024/09/09/single-well-high-output-enhance-geothermal-dgs-in-depth/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://cleantechnica.com/2024/09/09/single-well-high-output-enhance-geothermal-dgs-in-depth/"},"author":{"name":"Letters to the Editor","@id":"https://cleantechnica.com/#/schema/person/5771f1347ec10e1bdc3901eec530551b"},"headline":"Single-Well, High-Output Enhance Geothermal (“DGS”) — In Depth","datePublished":"2024-09-10T00:44:16+00:00","dateModified":"2024-09-10T00:44:16+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://cleantechnica.com/2024/09/09/single-well-high-output-enhance-geothermal-dgs-in-depth/"},"wordCount":1543,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https://cleantechnica.com/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https://cleantechnica.com/2024/09/09/single-well-high-output-enhance-geothermal-dgs-in-depth/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/EGS-DGS-4.png","keywords":["enhanced geothermal systems"],"articleSection":["Clean Power","Geothermal Energy"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https://cleantechnica.com/2024/09/09/single-well-high-output-enhance-geothermal-dgs-in-depth/#respond"]}],"copyrightYear":"2024","copyrightHolder":{"@id":"https://cleantechnica.com/#organization"}},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://cleantechnica.com/2024/09/09/single-well-high-output-enhance-geothermal-dgs-in-depth/","url":"https://cleantechnica.com/2024/09/09/single-well-high-output-enhance-geothermal-dgs-in-depth/","name":"Single-Well, High-Output Enhance Geothermal (“DGS”) — In Depth - CleanTechnica","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://cleantechnica.com/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://cleantechnica.com/2024/09/09/single-well-high-output-enhance-geothermal-dgs-in-depth/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://cleantechnica.com/2024/09/09/single-well-high-output-enhance-geothermal-dgs-in-depth/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/EGS-DGS-4.png","datePublished":"2024-09-10T00:44:16+00:00","dateModified":"2024-09-10T00:44:16+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://cleantechnica.com/2024/09/09/single-well-high-output-enhance-geothermal-dgs-in-depth/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://cleantechnica.com/2024/09/09/single-well-high-output-enhance-geothermal-dgs-in-depth/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://cleantechnica.com/2024/09/09/single-well-high-output-enhance-geothermal-dgs-in-depth/#primaryimage","url":"https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/EGS-DGS-4.png","contentUrl":"https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/EGS-DGS-4.png","width":800,"height":445},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://cleantechnica.com/2024/09/09/single-well-high-output-enhance-geothermal-dgs-in-depth/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://cleantechnica.com/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Single-Well, High-Output Enhance Geothermal (“DGS”) — In Depth"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://cleantechnica.com/#website","url":"https://cleantechnica.com/","name":"CleanTechnica","description":"Clean Tech News & Views: EVs, Solar Energy, Batteries","publisher":{"@id":"https://cleantechnica.com/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://cleantechnica.com/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://cleantechnica.com/#organization","name":"CleanTechnica","url":"https://cleantechnica.com/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://cleantechnica.com/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Logo_CleanTechnica_Yoast-2.png","contentUrl":"https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Logo_CleanTechnica_Yoast-2.png","width":1200,"height":675,"caption":"CleanTechnica"},"image":{"@id":"https://cleantechnica.com/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/CleanTechnica/","https://x.com/cleantechnica"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://cleantechnica.com/#/schema/person/5771f1347ec10e1bdc3901eec530551b","name":"Letters to the Editor","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://cleantechnica.com/#/schema/person/image/","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/53ebbf5ba648e430ca483d822bdca920?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/53ebbf5ba648e430ca483d822bdca920?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Letters to the Editor"},"description":"CleanTechnica is committed to publishing a diversity of educated opinions on the clean energy transition. Want to submit a thought piece? Go to www.CleanTechnica.com/contact/","url":"https://cleantechnica.com/author/letters-to-the-editor/"}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//stats.wp.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="CleanTechnica » Feed" href="https://cleantechnica.com/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="CleanTechnica » Comments Feed" href="https://cleantechnica.com/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="CleanTechnica » Single-Well, High-Output Enhance Geothermal (“DGS”) — In Depth Comments Feed" href="https://cleantechnica.com/2024/09/09/single-well-high-output-enhance-geothermal-dgs-in-depth/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/cleantechnica.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.1"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://cleantechnica.com/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-theme-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-audio{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-code{border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:4px;font-family:Menlo,Consolas,monaco,monospace;padding:.8em 1em}.wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-embed{margin:0 0 1em}.blocks-gallery-caption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .blocks-gallery-caption{color:#ffffffa6}:root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme :root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-image{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-pullquote{border-bottom:4px solid;border-top:4px solid;color:currentColor;margin-bottom:1.75em}.wp-block-pullquote cite,.wp-block-pullquote footer,.wp-block-pullquote__citation{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;text-transform:uppercase}.wp-block-quote{border-left:.25em solid;margin:0 0 1.75em;padding-left:1em}.wp-block-quote cite,.wp-block-quote footer{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;position:relative}.wp-block-quote:where(.has-text-align-right){border-left:none;border-right:.25em solid;padding-left:0;padding-right:1em}.wp-block-quote:where(.has-text-align-center){border:none;padding-left:0}.wp-block-quote.is-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large,.wp-block-quote:where(.is-style-plain){border:none}.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__label{font-weight:700}.wp-block-search__button{border:1px solid #ccc;padding:.375em .625em}:where(.wp-block-group.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}.wp-block-separator.has-css-opacity{opacity:.4}.wp-block-separator{border:none;border-bottom:2px solid;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-separator.has-alpha-channel-opacity{opacity:1}.wp-block-separator:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){width:100px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-dots){border-bottom:none;height:1px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){height:2px}.wp-block-table{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-table td,.wp-block-table th{word-break:normal}.wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video{margin:0 0 1em}:root :where(.wp-block-template-part.has-background){margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(body) { margin: 0; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignleft { float: left; margin-right: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignright { float: right; margin-left: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .aligncenter { justify-content: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > * { margin-block-start: 24px; margin-block-end: 0; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > :first-child { margin-block-start: 0; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > :last-child { margin-block-end: 0; }:root { --wp--style--block-gap: 24px; }:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > *{margin-block-start: 24px;margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > *{margin-block-start: 24px;margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 24px;}:root :where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 24px;}.is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body{padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;}a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){text-decoration: underline;}:root :where(.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link){background-color: #32373c;border-width: 0;color: #fff;font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit;line-height: inherit;padding: calc(0.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration: none;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='colormag_style-css' href='https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/themes/colormag-pro/style.css?ver=4.1.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='colormag_style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .colormag-button, blockquote, button, input[type=reset], input[type=button], input[type=submit], .cm-home-icon.front_page_on, .cm-post-categories a, .cm-primary-nav ul li ul li:hover, .cm-primary-nav ul li.current-menu-item, .cm-primary-nav ul li.current_page_ancestor, .cm-primary-nav ul li.current-menu-ancestor, .cm-primary-nav ul li.current_page_item, .cm-primary-nav ul li:hover, .cm-primary-nav ul li.focus, .cm-mobile-nav li a:hover, .colormag-header-clean #cm-primary-nav .cm-menu-toggle:hover, .cm-header .cm-mobile-nav li:hover, .cm-header .cm-mobile-nav li.current-page-ancestor, .cm-header .cm-mobile-nav li.current-menu-ancestor, .cm-header .cm-mobile-nav li.current-page-item, .cm-header .cm-mobile-nav li.current-menu-item, .cm-primary-nav ul li.focus > a, .cm-layout-2 .cm-primary-nav ul ul.sub-menu li.focus > a, .cm-mobile-nav .current-menu-item>a, .cm-mobile-nav .current_page_item>a, .colormag-header-clean .cm-mobile-nav li:hover > a, .colormag-header-clean .cm-mobile-nav li.current-page-ancestor > a, .colormag-header-clean .cm-mobile-nav li.current-menu-ancestor > a, .colormag-header-clean .cm-mobile-nav li.current-page-item > a, .colormag-header-clean .cm-mobile-nav li.current-menu-item > a, .fa.search-top:hover, .widget_call_to_action .btn--primary, .colormag-footer--classic .cm-footer-cols .cm-row .cm-widget-title span::before, .colormag-footer--classic-bordered .cm-footer-cols .cm-row .cm-widget-title span::before, .cm-featured-posts .cm-widget-title span, .cm-featured-category-slider-widget .cm-slide-content .cm-entry-header-meta .cm-post-categories a, .cm-highlighted-posts .cm-post-content .cm-entry-header-meta .cm-post-categories a, .cm-category-slide-next, .cm-category-slide-prev, .slide-next, .slide-prev, .cm-tabbed-widget ul li, .cm-posts .wp-pagenavi .current, .cm-posts .wp-pagenavi a:hover, .cm-secondary .cm-widget-title span, .cm-posts .post .cm-post-content .cm-entry-header-meta .cm-post-categories a, .cm-page-header .cm-page-title span, .entry-meta .post-format i, .format-link, .cm-entry-button, .infinite-scroll .tg-infinite-scroll, .no-more-post-text, .pagination span, .cm-footer-cols .cm-row .cm-widget-title span, .advertisement_above_footer .cm-widget-title span, .error, .cm-primary .cm-widget-title span, .related-posts-wrapper.style-three .cm-post-content .cm-entry-title a:hover:before, .cm-slider-area .cm-widget-title span, .cm-beside-slider-widget .cm-widget-title span, .top-full-width-sidebar .cm-widget-title span, .wp-block-quote, .wp-block-quote.is-style-large, .wp-block-quote.has-text-align-right, .page-numbers .current, .search-wrap button, .cm-error-404 .cm-btn, .widget .wp-block-heading, .wp-block-search button, .widget a::before, .cm-post-date a::before, .byline a::before, .colormag-footer--classic-bordered .cm-widget-title::before, .wp-block-button__link, #cm-tertiary .cm-widget-title span, .link-pagination .post-page-numbers.current, .wp-block-query-pagination-numbers .page-numbers.current, .wp-element-button, .wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link, .wp-element-button, .cm-layout-2 .cm-primary-nav ul ul.sub-menu li:hover, .cm-layout-2 .cm-primary-nav ul ul.sub-menu li.current-menu-ancestor, .cm-layout-2 .cm-primary-nav ul ul.sub-menu li.current-menu-item, .cm-layout-2 .cm-primary-nav ul ul.sub-menu li.focus, .cm-primary-nav .cm-random-post a:hover, .cm-primary-nav .cm-home-icon a:hover, .tg-infinite-pagination .tg-load-more, .comment .comment-author-link .post-author, .wp-block-search .wp-element-button:hover{background-color:#4499cc;}a, .cm-layout-2 #cm-primary-nav .fa.search-top:hover, .cm-layout-2 #cm-primary-nav.cm-mobile-nav .cm-random-post a:hover .fa-random, .cm-layout-2 #cm-primary-nav.cm-primary-nav .cm-random-post a:hover .fa-random, .cm-layout-2 .breaking-news .newsticker a:hover, .cm-layout-2 .cm-primary-nav ul li.current-menu-item > a, .cm-layout-2 .cm-primary-nav ul li.current_page_item > a, .cm-layout-2 .cm-primary-nav ul li:hover > a, .cm-layout-2 .cm-primary-nav ul li.focus > a .dark-skin .cm-layout-2-style-1 #cm-primary-nav.cm-primary-nav .cm-home-icon:hover .fa, .byline a:hover, .comments a:hover, .cm-edit-link a:hover, .cm-post-date a:hover, .social-links:not(.cm-header-actions .social-links) i.fa:hover, .cm-tag-links a:hover, .colormag-header-clean .social-links li:hover i.fa, .cm-layout-2-style-1 .social-links li:hover i.fa, .colormag-header-clean .breaking-news .newsticker a:hover, .widget_featured_posts .article-content .cm-entry-title a:hover, .widget_featured_slider .slide-content .cm-below-entry-meta .byline a:hover, .widget_featured_slider .slide-content .cm-below-entry-meta .comments a:hover, .widget_featured_slider .slide-content .cm-below-entry-meta .cm-post-date a:hover, .widget_featured_slider .slide-content .cm-entry-title a:hover, .widget_block_picture_news.widget_featured_posts .article-content .cm-entry-title a:hover, .widget_highlighted_posts .article-content .cm-below-entry-meta .byline a:hover, .widget_highlighted_posts .article-content .cm-below-entry-meta .comments a:hover, .widget_highlighted_posts .article-content .cm-below-entry-meta .cm-post-date a:hover, .widget_highlighted_posts .article-content .cm-entry-title a:hover, i.fa-arrow-up, i.fa-arrow-down, .cm-site-title a, #content .post .article-content .cm-entry-title a:hover, .entry-meta .byline i, .entry-meta .cat-links i, .entry-meta a, .post .cm-entry-title a:hover, .search .cm-entry-title a:hover, .entry-meta .comments-link a:hover, .entry-meta .cm-edit-link a:hover, .entry-meta .cm-post-date a:hover, .entry-meta .cm-tag-links a:hover, .single #content .tags a:hover, .count, .next a:hover, .previous a:hover, .related-posts-main-title .fa, .single-related-posts .article-content .cm-entry-title a:hover, .pagination a span:hover, #content .comments-area a.comment-cm-edit-link:hover, #content .comments-area a.comment-permalink:hover, #content .comments-area article header cite a:hover, .comments-area .comment-author-link a:hover, .comment .comment-reply-link:hover, .nav-next a, .nav-previous a, #cm-footer .cm-footer-menu ul li a:hover, .cm-footer-cols .cm-row a:hover, a#scroll-up i, .related-posts-wrapper-flyout .cm-entry-title a:hover, .human-diff-time .human-diff-time-display:hover, .cm-layout-2-style-1 #cm-primary-nav .fa:hover, .cm-footer-bar a, .cm-post-date a:hover, .cm-author a:hover, .cm-comments-link a:hover, .cm-tag-links a:hover, .cm-edit-link a:hover, .cm-footer-bar .copyright a, .cm-featured-posts .cm-entry-title a:hover, .cm-posts .post .cm-post-content .cm-entry-title a:hover, .cm-posts .post .single-title-above .cm-entry-title a:hover, .cm-layout-2 .cm-primary-nav ul li:hover > a, .cm-layout-2 #cm-primary-nav .fa:hover, .cm-entry-title a:hover, button:hover, input[type="button"]:hover, input[type="reset"]:hover, input[type="submit"]:hover, .wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link:hover, .cm-button:hover, .wp-element-button:hover, li.product .added_to_cart:hover, .comments-area .comment-permalink:hover{color:#4499cc;}#cm-primary-nav, .cm-contained .cm-header-2 .cm-row{border-top-color:#4499cc;}.cm-layout-2 #cm-primary-nav, .cm-layout-2 .cm-primary-nav ul ul.sub-menu li:hover, .cm-layout-2 .cm-primary-nav ul > li:hover > a, .cm-layout-2 .cm-primary-nav ul > li.current-menu-item > a, .cm-layout-2 .cm-primary-nav ul > li.current-menu-ancestor > a, .cm-layout-2 .cm-primary-nav ul ul.sub-menu li.current-menu-ancestor, .cm-layout-2 .cm-primary-nav ul ul.sub-menu li.current-menu-item, .cm-layout-2 .cm-primary-nav ul ul.sub-menu li.focus, cm-layout-2 .cm-primary-nav ul ul.sub-menu li.current-menu-ancestor, cm-layout-2 .cm-primary-nav ul ul.sub-menu li.current-menu-item, cm-layout-2 #cm-primary-nav .cm-menu-toggle:hover, cm-layout-2 #cm-primary-nav.cm-mobile-nav .cm-menu-toggle, cm-layout-2 .cm-primary-nav ul > li:hover > a, cm-layout-2 .cm-primary-nav ul > li.current-menu-item > a, cm-layout-2 .cm-primary-nav ul > li.current-menu-ancestor > a, .cm-layout-2 .cm-primary-nav ul li.focus > a, .pagination a span:hover, .cm-error-404 .cm-btn, .single-post .cm-post-categories a::after, .widget .block-title, .cm-layout-2 .cm-primary-nav ul li.focus > a, button, input[type="button"], input[type="reset"], input[type="submit"], .wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link, .cm-button, .wp-element-button, li.product .added_to_cart{border-color:#4499cc;}.cm-secondary .cm-widget-title, #cm-tertiary .cm-widget-title, .widget_featured_posts .widget-title, #secondary .widget-title, #cm-tertiary .widget-title, .cm-page-header .cm-page-title, .cm-footer-cols .cm-row .widget-title, .advertisement_above_footer .widget-title, #primary .widget-title, .widget_slider_area .widget-title, .widget_beside_slider .widget-title, .top-full-width-sidebar .widget-title, .cm-footer-cols .cm-row .cm-widget-title, .cm-footer-bar .copyright a, .cm-layout-2.cm-layout-2-style-2 #cm-primary-nav, .cm-layout-2 .cm-primary-nav ul > li:hover > a, .cm-layout-2 .cm-primary-nav ul > li.current-menu-item > a{border-bottom-color:#4499cc;}.inner-wrap, .cm-container{max-width:1240px;}.cm-entry-summary a, .mzb-featured-categories .mzb-post-title a, .mzb-tab-post .mzb-post-title a, .mzb-post-list .mzb-post-title a, .mzb-featured-posts .mzb-post-title a, .mzb-featured-categories .mzb-post-title a{color:#4499cc;}.cm-site-branding img{height:55px;}.cm-header .cm-menu-toggle svg, .cm-header .cm-menu-toggle svg{fill:#fff;}.cm-post-date a, .human-diff-time .human-diff-time-display, .cm-total-views, .cm-author a, cm-post-views, .total-views, .cm-edit-link a, .cm-comments-link a, .cm-reading-time, .dark-skin .cm-post-date a, .dark-skin .cm-author a, .dark-skin .cm-comments-link a, .dark-skin .cm-posts .post .cm-post-content .cm-below-entry-meta .cm-post-views span, .cm-footer-cols .cm-reading-time{color:#71717A;}body{background-color:;background-image:url(https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Clearvue-BIPV-solar-glass-Vicinity-Warwick-Shopping-Centre-Atrium-2-1.jpeg);}body, button, input, select, textarea{color:#505050;}body, button, input, select, textarea, blockquote p, .entry-meta, .cm-entry-button, dl, .previous a, .next a, .nav-previous a, .nav-next a, #respond h3#reply-title #cancel-comment-reply-link, #respond form input[type="text"], #respond form textarea, .cm-secondary .widget, .cm-error-404 .widget, .cm-entry-summary p{font-family:Open Sans;font-size:18px;line-height:1.8;}.mzb-featured-posts, .mzb-social-icon, .mzb-featured-categories, .mzb-social-icons-insert{--color--light--primary:rgba(68,153,204,0.1);}body{--color--light--primary:#4499cc;--color--primary:#4499cc;}body{--color--gray:#71717A;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='colormag-fontawesome-css' href='https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/themes/colormag-pro/assets/library/fontawesome/css/font-awesome.min.css?ver=4.1.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='sharedaddy-css' href='https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/modules/sharedaddy/sharing.css?ver=14.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='social-logos-css' href='https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/_inc/social-logos/social-logos.min.css?ver=14.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script>  <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/339441" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://cleantechnica.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://cleantechnica.com/?p=339441' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcleantechnica.com%2F2024%2F09%2F09%2Fsingle-well-high-output-enhance-geothermal-dgs-in-depth%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcleantechnica.com%2F2024%2F09%2F09%2Fsingle-well-high-output-enhance-geothermal-dgs-in-depth%2F&format=xml" />  <script> !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s) {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)}; if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0'; n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script', 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', '1020645035249848'); fbq('track', 'PageView'); </script> <noscript><img height="1" width="1" style="display:none" src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=1020645035249848&ev=PageView&noscript=1" /></noscript>  <script type="text/javascript">!(function(o,n){function $(){($.q=$.q||[]).push(arguments)}$.v=1,o[n]=o[n]||$})(window,String.fromCharCode(97,100,109,105,114,97,108));!(function(t,c,i){i=t.createElement(c),t=t.getElementsByTagName(c)[0],i.async=1,i.src="https://confesschairs.com/v2qoycyVNOHcqUvZO_xctPH0sjirBP1wb2TOYybwATibQ8Csme6eBe0U",t.parentNode.insertBefore(i,t)})(document,"script");;!(function(o,t,n,c){function e(n){(function(){try{return(localStorage.getItem("v4ac1eiZr0")||"").split(",")[4]>0}catch(o){}return!1})()&&(n=o[t].pubads())&&n.setTargeting("admiral-engaged","true")}(c=o[t]=o[t]||{}).cmd=c.cmd||[],typeof c.pubads===n?e():typeof c.cmd.unshift===n?c.cmd.unshift(e):c.cmd.push(e)})(window,"googletag","function");</script> <script id="mcjs">!function(c,h,i,m,p){m=c.createElement(h),p=c.getElementsByTagName(h)[0],m.async=1,m.src=i,p.parentNode.insertBefore(m,p)}(document,"script","https://chimpstatic.com/mcjs-connected/js/users/a897522b53d0853c85abbf9fa/dc3aadab652d5052372f586b1.js");</script>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-BRWNS0TK1P"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-BRWNS0TK1P'); </script>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-18444479-1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-18444479-1'); </script> <meta name="fo-verify" content="448fa8ec-fa34-4934-a765-0847b1a8c6a3" /> <script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-1552008901061842" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="S-vmNeFa-nGQ_zgPxkku8ocG2ORA3_juHlMADIAEUVE" /> <script> window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId : '{your-app-id}', cookie : true, xfbml : true, version : '{api-version}' }); FB.AppEvents.logPageView(); }; (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); </script> <style>img#wpstats{display:none}</style> <link rel="amphtml" href="https://cleantechnica.com/2024/09/09/single-well-high-output-enhance-geothermal-dgs-in-depth/amp/"><link rel="pingback" href="https://cleantechnica.com/xmlrpc.php"><style type="text/css" id="custom-background-css"> body.custom-background { background-image: url("https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/solar3.jpg"); background-position: left top; background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: fixed; } </style> <link rel="amphtml" href="https://cleantechnica.com/2024/09/09/single-well-high-output-enhance-geothermal-dgs-in-depth/?amp=1"><link rel="icon" href="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/download-150x150.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/download.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/download.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/download.png" /> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> Figcaption{ Color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); Font-style: italic; Font-size: 1.1rem; } </style> </head> <body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-339441 single-format-standard custom-background wp-custom-logo wp-embed-responsive cm-header-layout-1 adv-style-1 boxed"> <script src="https://solar.energypal.com/embed-widget.js"></script> <div id="page" class="hfeed site"> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#main">Skip to content</a> <header id="cm-masthead" class="cm-header cm-layout-1 cm-layout-1-style-1 cm-full-width"> <div class="cm-main-header"> <div id="cm-header-1" class="cm-header-1"> <div class="cm-container"> <div class="cm-row"> <div class="cm-header-col-1"> <div id="cm-site-branding" class="cm-site-branding"> <a href="https://cleantechnica.com/" class="custom-logo-link" rel="home"><img width="795" height="145" src="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/CleanTechnica_logo_crop.webp" class="custom-logo" alt="CleanTechnica" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="" sizes="(max-width: 795px) 100vw, 795px" /></a> </div> </div> <div class="cm-header-col-2"> <div id="header-right-sidebar" class="clearfix"> <aside id="block-8" class="widget widget_block clearfix"><script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-1552008901061842" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:728px;height:90px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1552008901061842" data-ad-slot="4877706911"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script></aside> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="cm-header-2" class="cm-header-2"> <nav id="cm-primary-nav" class="cm-primary-nav"> <div class="cm-container"> <div class="cm-row"> <div class="cm-header-actions"> <div class="cm-top-search"> <i class="fa fa-search search-top"></i> <div class="search-form-top"> <form action="https://cleantechnica.com/" class="search-form searchform clearfix" method="get" role="search"> <div class="search-wrap"> <input type="search" class="s field" name="s" value="" placeholder="Search" /> <button class="search-icon" type="submit"></button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <p class="cm-menu-toggle" aria-expanded="false"> <svg class="cm-icon cm-icon--bars" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 19H3a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h18a1 1 0 0 1 0 2Zm0-6H3a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h18a1 1 0 0 1 0 2Zm0-6H3a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h18a1 1 0 0 1 0 2Z"></path></svg> <svg class="cm-icon cm-icon--x-mark" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m13.4 12 8.3-8.3c.4-.4.4-1 0-1.4s-1-.4-1.4 0L12 10.6 3.7 2.3c-.4-.4-1-.4-1.4 0s-.4 1 0 1.4l8.3 8.3-8.3 8.3c-.4.4-.4 1 0 1.4.2.2.4.3.7.3s.5-.1.7-.3l8.3-8.3 8.3 8.3c.2.2.5.3.7.3s.5-.1.7-.3c.4-.4.4-1 0-1.4L13.4 12z"></path></svg> </p> <div class="cm-menu-primary-container"><ul id="menu-main" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-306632" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-has-children menu-item-306632"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com">Clean Energy</a><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="cm-submenu-toggle" onkeypress=""><svg class="cm-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xml:space="preserve" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 17.5c-.3 0-.5-.1-.7-.3l-9-9c-.4-.4-.4-1 0-1.4s1-.4 1.4 0l8.3 8.3 8.3-8.3c.4-.4 1-.4 1.4 0s.4 1 0 1.4l-9 9c-.2.2-.4.3-.7.3z"/></svg></span> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-306633" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-306633"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/category/clean-power/solar-energy/">Solar Energy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-306634" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-306634"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/category/clean-power/wind-energy/">Wind Energy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-306636" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-306636"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/category/energy-storage/">Energy Storage</a></li> <li id="menu-item-306635" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent menu-item-306635"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/category/clean-power/geothermal-energy/">Geothermal Energy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-306637" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-306637"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/category/grid/smart-grid/">Smart Grid</a></li> <li id="menu-item-306638" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-306638"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/category/energy-efficiency/">Energy Efficiency</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-306639" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-306639"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/category/clean-transport-2/electric-vehicles/">Electric Vehicles</a><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="cm-submenu-toggle" onkeypress=""><svg class="cm-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xml:space="preserve" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 17.5c-.3 0-.5-.1-.7-.3l-9-9c-.4-.4-.4-1 0-1.4s1-.4 1.4 0l8.3 8.3 8.3-8.3c.4-.4 1-.4 1.4 0s.4 1 0 1.4l-9 9c-.2.2-.4.3-.7.3z"/></svg></span> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-306640" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-306640"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/category/clean-transport-2/electric-vehicles/">All EV News & Analysis</a></li> <li id="menu-item-306641" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-306641"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/tag/ev-sales/">EV Sales</a></li> <li id="menu-item-306642" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-306642"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/tag/ev-tco/">EV Total Cost of Ownership</a></li> <li id="menu-item-306643" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-306643"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/category/cleantechnica/cleantechnica-exclusive/cleantechnica-reviews/">EV Reviews</a><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="cm-submenu-toggle" onkeypress=""><svg class="cm-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xml:space="preserve" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 17.5c-.3 0-.5-.1-.7-.3l-9-9c-.4-.4-.4-1 0-1.4s1-.4 1.4 0l8.3 8.3 8.3-8.3c.4-.4 1-.4 1.4 0s.4 1 0 1.4l-9 9c-.2.2-.4.3-.7.3z"/></svg></span> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-306646" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-306646"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/tag/tesla-model-3-long-term-review/">Tesla Model 3 Long-Term Review</a></li> <li id="menu-item-310972" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-310972"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/tag/tesla-model-y-long-term-review/">Tesla Model Y Long-Term Review</a></li> <li id="menu-item-306647" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-306647"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/tag/tesla-model-s-long-term-review/">Tesla Model S Long-Term Review</a></li> <li id="menu-item-310951" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-310951"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/tag/chevy-bolt-euv-long-term-review/">Chevy Bolt EUV Long-Term Review</a></li> <li id="menu-item-306644" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-306644"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/category/cleantechnica-2/cleantechnica-reviews/">All Reviews</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-342123" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-342123"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/tag/BYD/">BYD News</a></li> <li id="menu-item-306645" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-306645"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/tag/tesla/">Tesla News</a></li> <li id="menu-item-306648" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-306648"><a href="http://cleantechnica.com/category/cleantechnica-2/cleantechnica-exclusive/">Exclusives</a><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="cm-submenu-toggle" onkeypress=""><svg class="cm-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xml:space="preserve" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 17.5c-.3 0-.5-.1-.7-.3l-9-9c-.4-.4-.4-1 0-1.4s1-.4 1.4 0l8.3 8.3 8.3-8.3c.4-.4 1-.4 1.4 0s.4 1 0 1.4l-9 9c-.2.2-.4.3-.7.3z"/></svg></span> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-306649" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-306649"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/category/cleantechnica-2/cleantechnica-reports/">CleanTechnica Analysis</a></li> <li id="menu-item-306650" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-306650"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/category/cleantechnica-2/cleantechnica-reviews/">CleanTechnica Reviews</a></li> <li id="menu-item-306651" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-306651"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/cleantechnica-reports-guides/">CleanTechnica Reports & Guides</a></li> <li id="menu-item-306653" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-306653"><a href="http://cleantechnica.tv/">CleanTechnica.TV (YouTube)</a></li> <li id="menu-item-306654" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-306654"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/cleantech-talk/">CleanTech Talk (Podcast)</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-306655" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-306655"><a href="#">Series Pages</a><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="cm-submenu-toggle" onkeypress=""><svg class="cm-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xml:space="preserve" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 17.5c-.3 0-.5-.1-.7-.3l-9-9c-.4-.4-.4-1 0-1.4s1-.4 1.4 0l8.3 8.3 8.3-8.3c.4-.4 1-.4 1.4 0s.4 1 0 1.4l-9 9c-.2.2-.4.3-.7.3z"/></svg></span> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-306656" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-306656"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/ev-charging/">Electric Vehicle Charging</a><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="cm-submenu-toggle" onkeypress=""><svg class="cm-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xml:space="preserve" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 17.5c-.3 0-.5-.1-.7-.3l-9-9c-.4-.4-.4-1 0-1.4s1-.4 1.4 0l8.3 8.3 8.3-8.3c.4-.4 1-.4 1.4 0s.4 1 0 1.4l-9 9c-.2.2-.4.3-.7.3z"/></svg></span> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-306657" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-306657"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/ev-fleet-charging/">EV Fleet Charging</a></li> <li id="menu-item-306658" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-306658"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/how-do-you-charge-an-electric-car-at-home/">How to Charge An EV At Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-306659" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-306659"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/ev-fast-home-charging/">Fast Home EV Charging</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-306660" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-306660"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/battery-powered-ev-charging/">Battery Powered EV Charging</a></li> <li id="menu-item-306661" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-306661"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/aftermarket-tesla-accessories/">Aftermarket Tesla Accessories</a></li> <li id="menu-item-306663" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-306663"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/best-tesla-accessories/">Best Tesla Accessories</a></li> <li id="menu-item-306664" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-306664"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/home-efficiency/">Home Efficiency</a></li> <li id="menu-item-306665" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-306665"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/microgrid/">Microgrids Explained</a></li> <li id="menu-item-306666" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-306666"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/vanadium-batteries/">Vanadium Flow Batteries Demystified</a></li> <li id="menu-item-306667" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-306667"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/home-solar-and-electrification/">Home Solar — Simplified</a></li> <li id="menu-item-313194" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-313194"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/climate-resilience-prize/">Climate Resilience Prize</a></li> <li id="menu-item-321494" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-321494"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/arena-sustainable-innovation/">Sustainable Innovation</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-306668" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-306668"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/cleantechnica/">About</a><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="cm-submenu-toggle" onkeypress=""><svg class="cm-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xml:space="preserve" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 17.5c-.3 0-.5-.1-.7-.3l-9-9c-.4-.4-.4-1 0-1.4s1-.4 1.4 0l8.3 8.3 8.3-8.3c.4-.4 1-.4 1.4 0s.4 1 0 1.4l-9 9c-.2.2-.4.3-.7.3z"/></svg></span> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-306669" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-306669"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/stay-connected-with-cleantechnica/">Connect With CleanTechnica</a></li> <li id="menu-item-306670" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-306670"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/testimonials-why-readers-love-cleantechnica/">Testimonials: Why Readers Love CleanTechnica</a></li> <li id="menu-item-310870" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-310870"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/contact/">Contact CleanTechnica</a></li> <li id="menu-item-320617" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-320617"><a href="https://cleantechnica.fundjournalism.org/contribute/">Support CleanTechnica</a></li> <li id="menu-item-310871" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-310871"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/advertise-with-cleantechnica/">Advertise With CleanTechnica</a></li> <li id="menu-item-306674" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-306674"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/our-team/">Our Team</a></li> <li id="menu-item-306675" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-306675"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/cleantechnica-editorial-ethics/">Editorial Ethics</a></li> <li id="menu-item-313318" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-313318"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/terms-of-use/">Terms of Use</a></li> <li id="menu-item-306676" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-306676"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/mission-and-vision/">Mission & Vision</a></li> <li id="menu-item-306677" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-306677"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/invest/">Invest</a></li> <li id="menu-item-306678" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-306678"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/privacy-policy-2/">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-306679" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-306679"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/feed">RSS</a></li> <li id="menu-item-306680" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-306680"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/syndicate-our-content/">Syndicate Our Content</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div>  </header> <div id="cm-content" class="cm-content"> <div class="cm-container"> <div class="cm-row"> <div id="cm-primary" class="cm-primary"> <div class="cm-posts" class="clearfix"> <article id="post-339441" class="post-339441 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-clean-power category-geothermal-energy tag-enhanced-geothermal-systems"> <div class="cm-featured-image"> <img width="800" height="445" src="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/EGS-DGS-4.png" class="attachment-colormag-featured-image size-colormag-featured-image wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/EGS-DGS-4.png 800w, https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/EGS-DGS-4-400x223.png 400w, https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/EGS-DGS-4-768x427.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /> </div> <div class="cm-post-content"> <header class="cm-entry-header"> <h1 class="cm-entry-title"> Single-Well, High-Output Enhance Geothermal (“DGS”) — In Depth </h1> </header> <div class="cm-below-entry-meta human-diff-time"><span class="cm-post-date"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/2024/09/09/single-well-high-output-enhance-geothermal-dgs-in-depth/" title="8:44 pm" rel="bookmark"><svg class="cm-icon cm-icon--calendar-fill" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21.1 6.6v1.6c0 .6-.4 1-1 1H3.9c-.6 0-1-.4-1-1V6.6c0-1.5 1.3-2.8 2.8-2.8h1.7V3c0-.6.4-1 1-1s1 .4 1 1v.8h5.2V3c0-.6.4-1 1-1s1 .4 1 1v.8h1.7c1.5 0 2.8 1.3 2.8 2.8zm-1 4.6H3.9c-.6 0-1 .4-1 1v7c0 1.5 1.3 2.8 2.8 2.8h12.6c1.5 0 2.8-1.3 2.8-2.8v-7c0-.6-.4-1-1-1z"></path></svg> <time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2024-09-09T20:44:16-04:00">September 9, 2024</time></a></span><span class="cm-post-date human-diff-time-display">3 months ago</span> <span class="cm-author cm-vcard"> <svg class="cm-icon cm-icon--user" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7 7c0-2.8 2.2-5 5-5s5 2.2 5 5-2.2 5-5 5-5-2.2-5-5zm9 7H8c-2.8 0-5 2.2-5 5v2c0 .6.4 1 1 1h16c.6 0 1-.4 1-1v-2c0-2.8-2.2-5-5-5z"></path></svg> <a class="url fn n" href="https://cleantechnica.com/author/letters-to-the-editor/" title="Letters to the Editor" > Letters to the Editor </a> </span> <span class="cm-comments-link"> <a href="https://cleantechnica.com/2024/09/09/single-well-high-output-enhance-geothermal-dgs-in-depth/#respond"><span class="dsq-postid" data-dsqidentifier="339441 https://cleantechnica.com/?p=339441"><svg class="cm-icon cm-icon--comment" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M22 5v10c0 1.7-1.3 3-3 3H7.4l-3.7 3.7c-.2.2-.4.3-.7.3-.1 0-.3 0-.4-.1-.4-.1-.6-.5-.6-.9V5c0-1.7 1.3-3 3-3h14c1.7 0 3 1.3 3 3z"></path></svg> 0 Comments</span></a> </span> </div> <div class="cm-entry-summary"> <div class="afterpost"></div> <br><br><center><a href="https://cleantechnica.fundjournalism.org/contribute/" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" src="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-22-at-11.08.15-AM.png"></a></center><br><br><em>Sign up for <a href="https://mailchi.mp/cleantechnica/daily-newsletter">daily news updates from CleanTechnica</a> on email. Or <a href="https://news.google.com/publications/CAAqLQgKIidDQklTRndnTWFoTUtFV05zWldGdWRHVmphRzVwWTJFdVkyOXRLQUFQAQ">follow us on Google News</a>!</em> <hr /> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Greetings, serious geothermal supporters. </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">This letter to the editor addresses articles touting the baseload, climate impact, and large-scale PPA capabilities of hot dry rock geothermal (HDR) systems, in particular </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS)</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">. The letter also answers increasing recognition by government, investors, offtakers, and clean energy proponents for the needs to drill fewer wells, very significantly reduce costs, and gain more reservoir control in order to produce much, much more energy from our </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">geothermal resources, while mitigating water and seismicity issues.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">As you know, EGS and other method developers, have in recent years received no shortage of notoriety and government and investor funds. What none of the practitioners have received, though, are accolades respecting some amazing amount of energy output. This is because there is no amazing output, except for the amazingly low kind, the unfinanceable kind. Still, much is promised by and riding on geothermal’s potential.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">HDR production methods take two main forms familiar to supporters: AGS and EGS. AGS, “advanced geothermal systems,” are closed loops (a well and a production tubing) and generate 0.4MWt (gross) per mile of 325°</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">F bore. Notably, an AGS well can lose ½ of its bottomhole temperature during its first day of operation. Multi-well EGS does essentially the same, but can substantially deplete more around its first month after generally 0.6MW to 1.5MW output, depending on the operational mode. Reasons for such performances are many, but mainly involve low heat access, low effective heat transfer surface area, and all but nonexistent heat replenishment.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">With respect to low heat, most HDR developers, oddly, tout use of unrelated horizontal drilling practices, as borrowed from oil and gas, having developed such capabilities because that is how their resources are best accessed. Heat, however, is found at vertical depth, and the same total length horizontal drilling ignores 50% of geothermic availability below it. How does the use of horizontal drilling make sense here?</span></p> <figure id="attachment_339444" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-339444" style="width: 400px" class="wp-caption alignright"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/enhanced-geothermal-systems-1.png"><img decoding="async" class="wp-image-339444 size-medium" src="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/enhanced-geothermal-systems-1-400x245.png" alt="" width="400" height="245" srcset="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/enhanced-geothermal-systems-1-400x245.png 400w, https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/enhanced-geothermal-systems-1-800x491.png 800w, https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/enhanced-geothermal-systems-1-768x471.png 768w, https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/enhanced-geothermal-systems-1.png 1179w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-339444" class="wp-caption-text">Figure A. Source: <a href="https://pangea.stanford.edu/ERE/db/GeoConf/papers/SGW/2023/Ott.pdf">Stanford University</a></figcaption></figure> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Then, minimizing effective heat transfer area, multi-well EGS logic follows by constructing a series of minimal, effectively single-point perpendicular wellbore-fracture hydraulic connections (above) through which water is injected for heating. This </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">slightest</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> of arrangement, unaligned with its purpose, mostly guarantees hydraulic and thermal “short-circuiting,” where the injected flow takes the path of least resistance to the production well egress, but not across the intended fracture’ heat transfer surface areas. (Please see </span>Figure A<span style="font-weight: 400;">.)</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Attempting to make up for the resulting low heat recovery (<10%), HDR developers tightly pack induced fractures by the hundreds at as little as 30’ (also an O&G number) spacing. Because </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">1000’+ separation is required for timely HDR reservoir heat replenishment, the congested EGS fracture </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">model is far remiss in this regard. Further, recent inflation among oil and gas service companies has driven some fracturing operations upwards of $500,000 per day. Where frequently only two reservoirs may be created daily, EGS stimulation designs requiring potentially hundreds of the operations present an additional CAPEX burden of several millions. Not ideal.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Clearly, the fundamentals are not on the right side for obvious type HDR method design, and that any solutions must lie in effecting all opposite positions.</span></p> <h3 style="text-align: center;"><b>The DGS Technical Solution</b></h3> <figure id="attachment_339445" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-339445" style="width: 400px" class="wp-caption alignright"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/EGS-DGS-2.png"><img decoding="async" class="wp-image-339445 size-medium" src="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/EGS-DGS-2-400x361.png" alt="" width="400" height="361" srcset="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/EGS-DGS-2-400x361.png 400w, https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/EGS-DGS-2-800x722.png 800w, https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/EGS-DGS-2-768x693.png 768w, https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/EGS-DGS-2.png 1149w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-339445" class="wp-caption-text">Figure B. Source: <a href="https://www.dtstechnologiesllc.com/">DTS Technologies</a></figcaption></figure> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The DTS Technologies Geothermal System (</span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">DGS</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">) is a reconfiguration and streamlining of EGS’s original (opposite condition) </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">vertical </span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">approach commenced more than 50 years ago. Comprised of O&G and geothermal practices in place for decades, DGS resolves HDR’s fundamental shortcomings — all of them, especially the production part. Inspection of the sketch at right (</span>Figure B<span style="font-weight: 400;">) first shows the elimination of two-well horizontal expense in favor of a single well construction that performs both the fluid inlet (formerly injection) and the production task through the well annulus and then the production tubing, respectively. This dual functionality occurs only after vertical drilling most economically accesses maximum depth and heat, both of which are ultimately more than double that exploited by current HDR. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Increasing effective heating surface area requires another opposite condition. Because induced fracture- reservoirs propagate in a generally vertical direction, it only makes sense that their host wellbore is drilled as co-planar with a fracture’s inclination. This is so that a </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">full</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> hydraulic connection can be created between the well-annulus and the reservoirs. The well annulus-reservoir connection is made by perforations cut through the well casing along the entire height of each reservoir. Please see </span>Figure B<span style="font-weight: 400;"> and </span>Figure C <span style="font-weight: 400;">for the resulting flow inlet and outlet details. With direct and full length fluid connectivity in place, detailed control over reservoir hydraulics may then be conducted, thereby causing complete working-fluid-to-HDR-surface area contact and thermal energy “sweep” recovery of nearly 100%. Such a level is in stark contrast to the generally 6% recovery traditional to EGS.</span></p> <figure id="attachment_339446" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-339446" style="width: 400px" class="wp-caption alignright"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/EGS-DGS-3.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-339446 size-medium" src="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/EGS-DGS-3-400x204.png" alt="" width="400" height="204" srcset="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/EGS-DGS-3-400x204.png 400w, https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/EGS-DGS-3-800x408.png 800w, https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/EGS-DGS-3-768x392.png 768w, https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/EGS-DGS-3.png 1314w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-339446" class="wp-caption-text">Figure C. Efficacy and influence of the DGS full hydraulic well-reservoir connection scheme and varied perforation placement. Image generated by DTS CAE contractor. Source: <a href="https://pangea.stanford.edu/ERE/db/GeoConf/papers/SGW/2023/Ott.pdf">Stanford University</a></figcaption></figure> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Then, because of the earlier noted traditional premature heat depletion issues, DGS reservoir design calls for 1100’ separation between reservoirs by undisturbed rock to enable continuous utility scale heat replenishment. More precisely, 1500’ separation is a preferred distance, one not cannibalistic to replenishment, but 1100’ separation has been found more optimal, balancing practical deep well construction requirements and overall heat production. Due to its extractive efficiency and system massiveness, only 15 “induced DGS circuits” are required to produce in excess of 110 MWt initial baseload or firm output and then 50 MWt average 24/7 output for 20 years. DGS power production is upwards of 30X over other geothermal methods, depending on metric. 30X more energy and 1/6 the cost.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Also in stark contrast with recent EGS proposals adding a second 100 fractures, the refined DGS concept with its greatly reduced fracture count represents a further cost savings of millions, per well. </span></p> <h3 style="text-align: center;"><b>The DGS Resolution of HDR’s Other Challenges</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Connected natural fracture systems in the subsurface occur anywhere and are the source of two serious problems for geothermal: water loss and seismicity. During reservoir stimulation or during production related re-injection, the hydraulic pressure generated infiltrates natural fractures, even those microscopic in size. Continued pressure causes flow upwards of thousands of feet away from the geothermal operation, resulting in millions of gallons of water losses and potential communication and lubrication of geologic faults leading to earthquakes. There are means of mitigation, however.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Depth. Increased vertical depth not only increases heat, but it also adds weight against natural fracture voids, shrinking or closing them altogether. Higher fracture closure pressure from added depth causes natural fracture systems to disconnect, thereby limiting or eliminating their ability to carry fluids away. </span></p> <h3 style="text-align: center;"><b>The DGS Economic Solution</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Just as geothermal’s technical solutions require reaching certain thresholds in order to produce substantive power from HDR, namely depth, heat, surface area, and alignment among subsystem functions, so too does its economics. By contrast, due to low output, irredeemable design, and high end operational expense, multi-well EGS and other developers propose miraculous cost reductions of 90% to avoid remaining among the costliest of energy sources at some $20M/MW CAPEX. Even at one-half of the true expense vs. output, the multi-well concept is neither profitable nor financeable. However, and not surprisingly, by again taking opposite positions, DGS-HDR can instead become the </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">lowest cost of any power source</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">. These points summarize how: </span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>DGS single well, vertical drilling</strong> — in simple terms, the </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">same drilled length </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">accesses 2X higher bottom </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">hole temperature in comparison with the two well horizontal EGS approach. MW-intermittent (MWi) drilling CAPEX for DGS vs. EGS = $1.27M/MWi vs. $8.8M/MWi at 1300 GPM vs. 800 GPM respective </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">flow rates. Noteworthy, proposals to increase multi-well EGS well diameter, flow capacity, and horizontal lengths to double current 1.5MWi to 1.7MWi output, would increase well cost by 3X to nearly 4X.</span></li> </ul> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Steam flash vs. ORC binary conversion</strong> — DGS sweep efficiency and thermal maintenance enables use of 3X higher yield flash conversion and to <400</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">°</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">F bottom-hole operating conditions. Comparative flash vs. binary CAPEX may be ⅓ or less. Flash maintenance generally involves biennial inspections and one week’s downtime. Long running ORC O&M and related ranges $.01 kWh to $.03 kWh, per DOE.</span></li> </ul> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>Operations and parasitic loads</strong> — DGS is self-circulating to approximately</span> 420°F<span style="font-weight: 400;"> operating temperature, as a vacuum is formed due to the differences in annular inlet and bottomhole tubing temperatures </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">and fluid densities. Relatedly, DGS does not require substantial cooling. Other geothermal suffers 30%—40% parasitic loss, owing primarily </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">to reinjection work. Cooling can traditionally consume another 50%.</span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The sum of DGS’s creating all favorable power output and economic positions is a $24 kWh cost structure, constituting the lowest LCOE and most economic power source of all types — clean or not. The low cost translates to 70% or better net margin clean baseload power sales.</span></p> <h3 style="text-align: center;"><b>The DGS Solutions History</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The DTS team have practiced and/or developed high temperature subsurface geothermal operations for others worldwide since 1980, including massive scale and high temperature hydraulic fracturing in excess of 500</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">°</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">F, well construction exceeding 600</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">°</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">F, thermally resilient multiset packers, and water conformance settings exceeding 400</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">°</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">F. Among the more notable projects are:</span></p> <ul> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Cooper Basin, Australia</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Attaka, Borneo</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Kamojang</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">Kalimantan Indonesia</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Nigorikawa and Hachimantai, Japan</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Bicol Belt and Negro Sulu, Philippines</span></li> <li style="font-weight: 400;" aria-level="1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Imperial Valley, USA</span></li> </ul> <p><em>By Jeffery A. Spray</em><br /> <em>DTS Technologies, LLC</em></p> <div class="afterpost"> <a href="https://us02web.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_MeDGU4YrRS6WbBuGDbaZjg" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" src="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Screen-Shot-2024-11-22-at-5.23.40-PM.png"></a> <hr /> <strong><em>Chip in a few dollars a month to <a href="https://cleantechnica.fundjournalism.org/contribute/">help support independent cleantech coverage</a> that helps to accelerate the cleantech revolution!</em></strong> <hr /> <em>Have a tip for CleanTechnica? Want to advertise? Want to suggest a guest for our CleanTech Talk podcast? <a href="https://cleantechnica.com/contact/">Contact us here</a>.</em> <hr /> <em>Sign up for our daily newsletter for <a href="https://mailchi.mp/cleantechnica/daily-newsletter">15 new cleantech stories a day</a>. Or sign up for <a href="https://mailchi.mp/cleantechnica/weekly-newsletter">our weekly one</a> if daily is too frequent.</em> <hr /> <center><bold>Advertisement</bold></center> <center> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: inline-block; width: 640px; height: 90px;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1552008901061842" data-ad-slot="4461458457"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script></center> <hr /> <em><span style="font-weight: 400;">CleanTechnica uses affiliate links. See our policy <a href="https://cleantechnica.com/cleantechnica-editorial-ethics/">here</a>.</span></em> <p><b><em><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/cleantechnica-comment-policy/">CleanTechnica's Comment Policy</a></em></b></p> <hr /> </div><div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon-text sd-sharing"><h3 class="sd-title">Share this story!</h3><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-linkedin"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-linkedin-339441" class="share-linkedin sd-button share-icon" href="https://cleantechnica.com/2024/09/09/single-well-high-output-enhance-geothermal-dgs-in-depth/?share=linkedin" target="_blank" title="Click to share on LinkedIn" ><span>LinkedIn</span></a></li><li class="share-jetpack-whatsapp"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-jetpack-whatsapp sd-button share-icon" href="https://cleantechnica.com/2024/09/09/single-well-high-output-enhance-geothermal-dgs-in-depth/?share=jetpack-whatsapp" target="_blank" title="Click to share on WhatsApp" ><span>WhatsApp</span></a></li><li class="share-facebook"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-facebook-339441" class="share-facebook sd-button share-icon" href="https://cleantechnica.com/2024/09/09/single-well-high-output-enhance-geothermal-dgs-in-depth/?share=facebook" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Facebook" ><span>Facebook</span></a></li><li class="share-x"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-x-339441" class="share-x sd-button share-icon" href="https://cleantechnica.com/2024/09/09/single-well-high-output-enhance-geothermal-dgs-in-depth/?share=x" target="_blank" title="Click to share on X" ><span>X</span></a></li><li class="share-email"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-email sd-button share-icon" href="mailto:?subject=%5BShared%20Post%5D%20Single-Well%2C%20High-Output%20Enhance%20Geothermal%20%28%E2%80%9CDGS%E2%80%9D%29%20%E2%80%94%20In%20Depth&body=https%3A%2F%2Fcleantechnica.com%2F2024%2F09%2F09%2Fsingle-well-high-output-enhance-geothermal-dgs-in-depth%2F&share=email" target="_blank" title="Click to email a link to a friend" data-email-share-error-title="Do you have email set up?" data-email-share-error-text="If you're having problems sharing via email, you might not have email set up for your browser. You may need to create a new email yourself." data-email-share-nonce="ddb5ec49e1" data-email-share-track-url="https://cleantechnica.com/2024/09/09/single-well-high-output-enhance-geothermal-dgs-in-depth/?share=email"><span>Email</span></a></li><li class="share-mastodon"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-mastodon-339441" class="share-mastodon sd-button share-icon" href="https://cleantechnica.com/2024/09/09/single-well-high-output-enhance-geothermal-dgs-in-depth/?share=mastodon" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Mastodon" ><span>Mastodon</span></a></li><li class="share-reddit"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-reddit sd-button share-icon" href="https://cleantechnica.com/2024/09/09/single-well-high-output-enhance-geothermal-dgs-in-depth/?share=reddit" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Reddit" ><span>Reddit</span></a></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul></div></div></div></div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="author-box author-bio-style-3"> <div class="author-description-wrapper"> <h4 class="author-name">Letters to the Editor</h4> <ul class="author-social-sites"> </ul> <p class="author-description">CleanTechnica is committed to publishing a diversity of educated opinions on the clean energy transition. Want to submit a thought piece? Go to www.CleanTechnica.com/contact/</p> <p class="author-url"> Letters to the Editor has 29 posts and counting. <a href="https://cleantechnica.com/author/letters-to-the-editor/"> See all posts by Letters to the Editor </a> </p> </div> <div class="author-img"><img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/53ebbf5ba648e430ca483d822bdca920?s=100&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/53ebbf5ba648e430ca483d822bdca920?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo' height='100' width='100' loading='lazy' decoding='async'/></div> </div> <div id="disqus_thread"></div> <script> var embedVars = {"disqusConfig":{"integration":"wordpress 3.1.2"},"disqusIdentifier":"339441 https:\/\/cleantechnica.com\/?p=339441","disqusShortname":"im-cleantechnica","disqusTitle":"Single-Well, High-Output Enhance Geothermal (\u201cDGS\u201d) \u2014 In Depth","disqusUrl":"https:\/\/cleantechnica.com\/2024\/09\/09\/single-well-high-output-enhance-geothermal-dgs-in-depth\/","postId":339441}; var disqus_url = embedVars.disqusUrl; var disqus_identifier = embedVars.disqusIdentifier; var disqus_container_id = 'disqus_thread'; var disqus_shortname = embedVars.disqusShortname; var disqus_title = embedVars.disqusTitle; var disqus_config_custom = window.disqus_config; var disqus_config = function () { /* All currently supported events: onReady: fires when everything is ready, onNewComment: fires when a new comment is posted, onIdentify: fires when user is authenticated */ var dsqConfig = embedVars.disqusConfig; this.page.integration = dsqConfig.integration; this.page.remote_auth_s3 = dsqConfig.remote_auth_s3; this.page.api_key = dsqConfig.api_key; this.sso = dsqConfig.sso; this.language = dsqConfig.language; if (disqus_config_custom) disqus_config_custom.call(this); }; (function() { // Adds the disqus_thread id to the comment section if site is using a WP block theme var commentsBlock = document.querySelector('.wp-block-comments'); if (commentsBlock) { commentsBlock.id = 'disqus_thread'; } if (document.getElementById(disqus_container_id)) { var dsq = document.createElement('script'); dsq.type = 'text/javascript'; dsq.async = true; dsq.src = 'https://' + disqus_shortname + '.disqus.com/embed.js'; (document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(dsq); } else { console.error("Could not find 'disqus_thread' container to load DISQUS. This is usually the result of a WordPress theme conflicting with the DISQUS plugin. Try switching your site to a Classic Theme, or contact DISQUS support for help."); } })(); </script> </div> <div id="cm-secondary" class="cm-secondary"> <aside id="block-47" class="widget widget_block"><a href="https://cleantechnica.fundjournalism.org/contribute/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-321278 size-full" src="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/CleanTechnica-Subscriber-Pitch-Banner-1-newsy.png" alt="" width="400" height="240" /></a> </aside><aside id="block-33" class="widget widget_block"><center> <a href="https://cleantechnica.fundjournalism.org/contribute/"><strong><span style="color: #88ddee;" ><font size="20">Support independent cleantech journalism by donating directly to <em>CleanTechnica</em>!</font></span></strong></a> </center></aside><aside id="block-14" class="widget widget_block"> <h3 class="wp-block-heading has-text-align-left">ADVERTISEMENTS</h3> </aside><aside id="block-20" class="widget widget_block"><center> <a href="https://cleantechnica.com/advertise-with-cleantechnica/"><strong><span style="color: #88ddee;" ><font size="20">Advertise with <em>CleanTechnica</em> to get your company in front of millions of monthly readers.</font></span></strong></a></aside><aside id="block-19" class="widget widget_block"><center> <script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-1552008901061842" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1552008901061842" data-ad-slot="5733647103" data-ad-format="auto" data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </center></aside><aside id="block-23" class="widget widget_block"><center><a target="_blank" href="https://shareasale.com/r.cfm?b=2685667&u=3599356&m=97298&urllink=&afftrack="><img decoding="async" src="https://static.shareasale.com/image/97298/US_400_400_05.jpg" border="0" alt="Black Friday-US" /></a> </center></aside><aside id="block-53" class="widget widget_block"> <h3 class="wp-block-heading has-text-align-left">CleanTechnica TV</h3> </aside><aside id="block-52" class="widget widget_block"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/cleantechnica"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-315139 size-full" src="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/CleanTech-TV-YouTube.png" alt="" width="400" height="400" srcset="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/CleanTech-TV-YouTube.png 400w, https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/CleanTech-TV-YouTube-150x150.png 150w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /></a> </aside><aside id="block-58" class="widget widget_block"><center> <a target="_blank" href="https://shareasale.com/r.cfm?b=2525838&u=3599356&m=139324&urllink=&afftrack="><img decoding="async" src="https://static.shareasale.com/image/139324/US-336x280.jpg" border="0" /></a> </center></aside><aside id="block-31" class="widget widget_block"> <h3 class="wp-block-heading has-text-align-left">CleanTechnica Podcasts</h3> </aside><aside id="block-35" class="widget widget_block"><a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/5iFd27SONgo2b8NOUuj006"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-315138 size-full" src="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/CleanTech-Talk.png" alt="" width="400" height="400" srcset="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/CleanTech-Talk.png 400w, https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/CleanTech-Talk-150x150.png 150w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /></a> </aside><aside id="custom_html-44" class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><h3 class="cm-widget-title"><span>Sell Your Gas Car, Buy An EV!</span></h3><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><center><a target="_blank" href="https://shareasale.com/r.cfm?b=2365369&u=3599356&m=141848&urllink=&afftrack="><img class="bannerad" src="https://static.shareasale.com/image/141848/300x160.png" border="0" alt="Sell your car with CarBrain" /></a></center> <p>   </p> <center><a target="_blank" href="https://alnk.to/8tPsAy9"><img class="bannerad" src="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Roofnest.jpg" alt="Rooftop tents" ></a></center></div></aside><aside id="block-56" class="widget widget_block"> <h3 class="wp-block-heading has-text-align-left">NEW! Newswire Corner!</h3> </aside><aside id="block-57" class="widget widget_block"><a href="https://cleantechnica.com/category/press-releases/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-324816" src="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Cleantech-Newswire-Corner-v2.png" alt="" width="400" height="400" srcset="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Cleantech-Newswire-Corner-v2.png 400w, https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Cleantech-Newswire-Corner-v2-150x150.png 150w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /></a> </aside><aside id="custom_html-37" class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><h3 class="cm-widget-title"><span>ADVERTISEMENTS</span></h3><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><center> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://classic.avantlink.com/link.php?merchant_link_id=e763dddd-9f2a-44b4-b7b3-823badabdda8&affiliate_id=471f1e73-1662-4b41-be23-e1e5e76f595d&website_id=6bc0ea30-d5da-48db-95b7-90785cc5653b&open=_blank"></script> <p>   </p> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://classic.avantlink.com/link.php?merchant_link_id=93f37439-15ba-4885-8a4e-c1f2a7df8337&affiliate_id=471f1e73-1662-4b41-be23-e1e5e76f595d&website_id=6bc0ea30-d5da-48db-95b7-90785cc5653b&open=_blank"></script> <p>   </p> <script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-1552008901061842" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1552008901061842" data-ad-slot="4802056229" data-ad-format="auto" data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </center> </div></aside><aside id="block-51" class="widget widget_block"></aside><aside id="block-50" class="widget widget_block"> <h3 class="wp-block-heading has-text-align-left">CleanTechnica Newsletter</h3> </aside><aside id="block-49" class="widget widget_block"><a href="https://mailchi.mp/cleantechnica/daily-newsletter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-315137 size-full" src="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/CleanTech-Newsletter.png" alt="" width="400" height="400" srcset="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/CleanTech-Newsletter.png 400w, https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/CleanTech-Newsletter-150x150.png 150w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /></a></aside><aside id="block-38" class="widget widget_block"> <h3 class="wp-block-heading has-text-align-left">SHOP CLEANTECHNICA</h3> </aside><aside id="block-37" class="widget widget_block"><center> <a href="https://cleantechnica.myspreadshop.com/" target="blank"><img decoding="async" src="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/CT-Spreadshirt-ad-v3.webp" width="300"></a> </center></aside><aside id="block-55" class="widget widget_block"><center> <a target="_blank" href="https://shareasale.com/r.cfm?b=2322649&u=3599356&m=40933&urllink=&afftrack="><img decoding="async" src="https://static.shareasale.com/image/40933/SandraH-AffiliateBanners-300x600-0419202.png" border="0" alt="Shop Eco Friendly Lunch Boxes at ECOlunchbox" /></a> </center> <p>   </p> <center> <a target="_blank" href="https://shareasale.com/u.cfm?d=1244919&m=108816&u=3599356&afftrack="><img decoding="async" src="https://static.shareasale.com/image/108816/US_AC180_300_2500.jpg" border="0" alt="Black Friday &amp; Cyber Monday Sale - AC180" /></a></center?</aside> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="advertisement_above_footer"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <aside id="custom_html-36" class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><center> <strong>ADVERTISEMENT</strong><br> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: inline-block; width: 640px; height: 90px;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1552008901061842" data-ad-slot="4461458457"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </center> <br></div></aside> </div> </div> <footer id="cm-footer" class="cm-footer "> <div class="cm-footer-bar cm-footer-bar-style-3"> <div class="cm-container"> <div class="cm-row"> <div class="cm-footer-bar-area"> <div class="cm-footer-bar__1"> <div class="social-links"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/CleanTechnica/" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i></a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/cleantechnica" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i></a></li><li><a href="https://www.instagram.com/cleantechnica/" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-instagram"></i></a></li><li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/cleantechnica" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-youtube"></i></a></li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/cleantechnica/" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-linkedin"></i></a></li> </ul> </div> </div>  <div class="cm-footer-bar__2"> <font color="gray"> The content produced by this site is for entertainment purposes only. Opinions and comments published on this site may not be sanctioned by and do not necessarily represent the views of <em>CleanTechnica</em>, its owners, sponsors, affiliates, or subsidiaries. <em>CleanTechnica</em> may earn a commission on purchases.</font> <br> <br> Copyright © 2024 CleanTechnica, all rights reserved. </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <br> <center> <script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-1552008901061842" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1552008901061842" data-ad-slot="8395252305" data-ad-format="auto" data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </center> <br> <noscript> <div style="display:none;"> <img src="//pixel.quantserve.com/pixel/p-MXx1pMvJa8BJY.gif" border="0" height="1" width="1" alt="Quantcast"/> </div></noscript> <script type="text/javascript"> window.WPCOM_sharing_counts = {"https:\/\/cleantechnica.com\/2024\/09\/09\/single-well-high-output-enhance-geothermal-dgs-in-depth\/":339441}; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/plugins/remove-broken-images/assets/script.min.js?ver=1.5.0-beta-1" id="r34rbi-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="r34rbi-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var r34rbi_redirect_on_missing_image = ""; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="disqus_count-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var countVars = {"disqusShortname":"im-cleantechnica"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/plugins/disqus-comment-system/public/js/comment_count.js?ver=3.1.2" id="disqus_count-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/plugins/marfeelpress/includes/base/src/resources/js/resizer.js?ver=6.7.1" id="mrf_resizer-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-includes/js/comment-reply.min.js?ver=6.7.1" id="comment-reply-js" async="async" data-wp-strategy="async"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/themes/colormag-pro/assets/js/jquery.bxslider.min.js?ver=4.1.2" id="colormag-bxslider-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/themes/colormag-pro/assets/js/sticky/jquery.sticky.min.js?ver=4.1.2" id="colormag-sticky-menu-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/themes/colormag-pro/assets/js/navigation.min.js?ver=4.1.2" id="colormag-navigation-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/themes/colormag-pro/assets/js/fitvids/jquery.fitvids.min.js?ver=4.1.2" id="colormag-fitvids-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/themes/colormag-pro/assets/js/skip-link-focus-fix.min.js?ver=4.1.2" id="colormag-skip-link-focus-fix-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="colormag-custom-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var colormag_load_more = {"tg_nonce":"646a640c25","ajax_url":"https:\/\/cleantechnica.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/themes/colormag-pro/assets/js/colormag-custom.min.js?ver=4.1.2" id="colormag-custom-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="colormag-loadmore-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var colormag_script_vars = {"no_more_posts":"No more post"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/themes/colormag-pro/assets/js/loadmore.min.js?ver=4.1.2" id="colormag-loadmore-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://stats.wp.com/e-202448.js" id="jetpack-stats-js" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-stats-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ _stq = window._stq || []; _stq.push([ "view", JSON.parse("{\"v\":\"ext\",\"blog\":\"13821326\",\"post\":\"339441\",\"tz\":\"-5\",\"srv\":\"cleantechnica.com\",\"j\":\"1:14.0\"}") ]); _stq.push([ "clickTrackerInit", "13821326", "339441" ]); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="sharing-js-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var sharing_js_options = {"lang":"en","counts":"1","is_stats_active":"1"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cleantechnica.com/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/_inc/build/sharedaddy/sharing.min.js?ver=14.0" id="sharing-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="sharing-js-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-linkedin' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-linkedin' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomlinkedin', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=580,height=450' ); return false; } } ); } )(); var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-facebook' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-facebook' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomfacebook', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=400' ); return false; } } ); } )(); var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-x' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-x' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomx', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=350' ); return false; } } ); } )(); var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-mastodon' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-mastodon' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcommastodon', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=460,height=400' ); return false; } } ); } )(); /* ]]> */ </script> </body> </html>