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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scientific_contribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scientific_contribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Scientific contribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scientific_contribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Awards and recognition</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Awards_and_recognition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_scientific_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Major scientific awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_scientific_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scientific_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scientific_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Scientific awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scientific_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indian_governmental_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_governmental_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Indian governmental honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indian_governmental_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Foreign honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">C. N. R. Rao</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%86%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93" title="চি এন আৰ ৰাও – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চি এন আৰ ৰাও" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C._%D8%A7%D9%86._%D8%A2%D8%B1._%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88" title="سی. ان. آر. راو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سی. ان. آر. راو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93" title="চিন্তামণি নাগেশ রামচন্দ্র রাও – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চিন্তামণি নাগেশ রামচন্দ্র রাও" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._N._R._Rao" title="C. N. R. Rao – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="C. N. R. Rao" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._N._R._Rao" title="C. N. R. Rao – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="C. N. R. Rao" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5" title="चिन्तामणी नागेश रामचन्द्र राव – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="चिन्तामणी नागेश रामचन्द्र राव" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._N._R._Rao" title="C. N. R. Rao – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="C. N. R. Rao" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C._%D8%A7%D9%86._%D8%A2%D8%B1._%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88" title="سی. ان. آر. راو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سی. ان. آر. راو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._N._R._Rao" title="C. N. R. Rao – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="C. N. R. Rao" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%80.%E0%AA%8F%E0%AA%A8.%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%B0.%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B5" title="સી.એન.આર.રાવ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સી.એન.આર.રાવ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A5%B0_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%B0_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%B0_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5" title="सी॰ एन॰ आर॰ राव – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सी॰ एन॰ आर॰ राव" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._N._R._Rao" title="C. N. R. Rao – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="C. N. R. Rao" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF._%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D._%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D._%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D" title="ಸಿ. ಎನ್. ಆರ್. ರಾವ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಿ. ಎನ್. ಆರ್. ರಾವ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D" title="ჩინტამანი ნაგესა რამაჩანდრა რაო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩინტამანი ნაგესა რამაჩანდრა რაო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chintamani_Nagesa_Ramachandra_Rao" title="Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5" title="चिन्तामणी नागेश रामचन्द्र राव – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="चिन्तामणी नागेश रामचन्द्र राव" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B5%BB.%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC._%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%81" title="സി.എൻ.ആർ. റാവു – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സി.എൻ.ആർ. റാവു" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5" title="चिंतामणी नागेश रामचंद्र राव – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चिंतामणी नागेश रामचंद्र राव" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%89.%D8%A7%D9%86.%D8%A2%D8%B1._%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88" title="سى.ان.آر. راو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سى.ان.آر. راو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5" title="चिन्तामणी नागेश रामचन्द्र राव – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चिन्तामणी नागेश रामचन्द्र राव" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AA" title="チンターマニー・ラーオ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チンターマニー・ラーオ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9A%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%A3%E0%AC%BF_%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B6_%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%9A%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0_%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%93" title="ଚିନ୍ତାମଣି ନାଗେଶ ରାମଚନ୍ଦ୍ର ରାଓ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଚିନ୍ତାମଣି ନାଗେଶ ରାମଚନ୍ଦ୍ର ରାଓ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80._%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%A8._%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B0._%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93" title="ਸੀ. ਐਨ. ਆਰ. ਰਾਓ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੀ. ਐਨ. ਆਰ. ਰਾਓ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%DA%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A4" title="چنتامنی نگیسا رام چندر راؤ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چنتامنی نگیسا رام چندر راؤ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chintamani_Nagesa_Ramachandra_Rao" title="Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chintamani_Rao" title="Chintamani Rao – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Chintamani Rao" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BE,_%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Рао, Чинтамани Нагеса Рамачандра – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рао, Чинтамани Нагеса Рамачандра" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5" title="सि एन् आर् राव – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="सि एन् आर् राव" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._N._R._Rao" title="C. N. R. Rao – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="C. N. R. Rao" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Чинтамани Нагеса Рамачандра Рао – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Чинтамани Нагеса Рамачандра Рао" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0_%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8D" title="சிந்தாமணி நாகேச இராமச்சந்திர ராவ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சிந்தாமணி நாகேச இராமச்சந்திர ராவ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B6_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%81" title="చింతామణి నాగేశ రామచంద్ర రావు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చింతామణి నాగేశ రామచంద్ర రావు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNR_Rao" title="CNR Rao – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="CNR Rao" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A2%D8%B1_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A4" title="سی این آر راؤ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سی این آر راؤ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C2%B7N%C2%B7R%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%A5%A5" title="C·N·R·拉奥 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Indian chemist (born 1934)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/C._R._Rao" title="C. R. Rao">C. R. Rao</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">C. N. R. Rao</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Science_Academy" title="Indian National Science Academy">FNA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Indian Academy of Sciences">FASc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_World_Academy_of_Sciences" title="The World Academy of Sciences">FTWAS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honorary_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Chemistry" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary Fellows of the Royal Society of Chemistry">HonFRSC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Academia_Europaea" title="Member of the Academia Europaea">MAE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Institute_of_Physics" title="Fellow of the Institute of Physics">HonFInstP</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chintamani_Nagesa_Ramachandra_Rao_03650.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Chintamani_Nagesa_Ramachandra_Rao_03650.JPG/220px-Chintamani_Nagesa_Ramachandra_Rao_03650.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Chintamani_Nagesa_Ramachandra_Rao_03650.JPG/330px-Chintamani_Nagesa_Ramachandra_Rao_03650.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Chintamani_Nagesa_Ramachandra_Rao_03650.JPG/440px-Chintamani_Nagesa_Ramachandra_Rao_03650.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1792" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Professor Rao in 2013</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1934-06-30</span>) </span>30 June 1934<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 90)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Kingdom of Mysore">Kingdom of Mysore</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mysore_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysore University">Mysore University</a> (<a href="/wiki/B.S." class="mw-redirect" title="B.S.">BS</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Banaras_Hindu_University" title="Banaras Hindu University">Banaras Hindu University</a> (<a href="/wiki/M.S." class="mw-redirect" title="M.S.">MS</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Purdue_University" title="Purdue University">Purdue University</a> (<a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Ratna" title="Bharat Ratna">Bharat Ratna</a> (2014) <br /><a href="/wiki/Padma_Vibhushan" title="Padma Vibhushan">Padma Vibhushan</a> (1985)<br /><a href="/wiki/Padma_Shri" title="Padma Shri">Padma Shri</a> (1974)<br /><a href="/wiki/Marlow_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Marlow Medal">Marlow Medal</a> (1967)<br /><a href="/wiki/Shanti_Swarup_Bhatnagar_Prize_for_Science_and_Technology" title="Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology">Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology</a> (1969)<br /><a href="/wiki/Hughes_Medal" title="Hughes Medal">Hughes Medal</a> (2000)<br /><a href="/wiki/India_Science_Award" title="India Science Award">India Science Award</a> (2004)<br /><a href="/wiki/Dan_David_Prize" title="Dan David Prize">Dan David Prize</a> (2005) <br /><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Legion of Honor">Legion of Honor</a> (2005)<br /><a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam_Medal" title="Abdus Salam Medal">Abdus Salam Medal</a> (2008)<br /><a href="/wiki/Royal_Medal" title="Royal Medal">Royal Medal</a> (2009)<br /><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Ratna" title="Karnataka Ratna">Karnataka Ratna</a> (2001)<br /><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friendship" title="Order of Friendship">Order of Friendship</a> (2009) <br /><a href="/wiki/National_Order_of_Scientific_Merit" title="National Order of Scientific Merit">National Order of Scientific Merit</a> (2012)<br /><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Rising_Sun" title="Order of the Rising Sun">Order of the Rising Sun</a> (2015) <br />Von Hippel Award (2017) <br /><a href="/wiki/ENI_award" title="ENI award">ENI award</a> (2020)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Solid-state_chemistry" title="Solid-state chemistry">Solid-state chemistry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Space Research Organisation">Indian Space Research Organisation</a><br /><a href="/wiki/IIT_Kanpur" title="IIT Kanpur">IIT Kanpur</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Science" title="Indian Institute of Science">Indian Institute of Science</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Barbara" title="University of California, Santa Barbara">University of California, Santa Barbara</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru_Centre_for_Advanced_Scientific_Research" title="Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research">Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jncasr.ac.in/cnrrao/index.html">www<wbr />.jncasr<wbr />.ac<wbr />.in<wbr />/cnrrao<wbr />/index<wbr />.html</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-IAS_Fellows_CNR_Rao_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IAS_Fellows_CNR_Rao-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fellow_Chintamani_Rao_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fellow_Chintamani_Rao-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TWAS_CNR_Rao_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TWAS_CNR_Rao-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RSC_CNR_Rao_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RSC_CNR_Rao-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MAE_CNR_Rao_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MAE_CNR_Rao-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (born 30 June 1934), is an Indian <a href="/wiki/Chemist" title="Chemist">chemist</a> who has worked mainly in <a href="/wiki/Solid-state_chemistry" title="Solid-state chemistry">solid-state</a> and structural chemistry. He has honorary doctorates from 86 universities from around the world and has authored around 1,800 research publications and 58 books.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is described as a scientist who had won all possible awards in his field except the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rao completed BSc from <a href="/wiki/Mysore_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysore University">Mysore University</a> at age seventeen, and MSc from Banaras Hindu University at age nineteen. He earned a PhD from Purdue University at the age of twenty-four. He was the youngest lecturer when he joined the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Science" title="Indian Institute of Science">Indian Institute of Science</a> in 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a transfer to <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Technology_Kanpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur">Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur</a>, he returned to <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Science" title="Indian Institute of Science">IISc</a>, eventually becoming its director from 1984 to 1994. He was chair of the Scientific Advisory Council to the Prime Minister of India from 1985 to 1989 and from 2005 to 2014. He founded and works in <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru_Centre_for_Advanced_Scientific_Research" title="Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research">Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research</a> and International Centre for Materials Science. </p><p>Rao received scientific awards and honours including the <a href="/wiki/Marlow_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Marlow Medal">Marlow Medal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanti_Swarup_Bhatnagar_Prize_for_Science_and_Technology" title="Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology">Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hughes_Medal" title="Hughes Medal">Hughes Medal</a>, <a href="/wiki/India_Science_Award" title="India Science Award">India Science Award</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dan_David_Prize" title="Dan David Prize">Dan David Prize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Medal" title="Royal Medal">Royal Medal</a>, Von Hippel Award, and <a href="/wiki/ENI_award" title="ENI award">ENI award</a>. He also received <a href="/wiki/Padma_Shri" title="Padma Shri">Padma Shri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Padma_Vibhushan" title="Padma Vibhushan">Padma Vibhushan</a> from the Government of India. On 16 November 2013, the Government of India selected him for <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Ratna" title="Bharat Ratna">Bharat Ratna</a>, the highest civilian award in India, making him the third scientist after <a href="/wiki/C.V.Raman" class="mw-redirect" title="C.V.Raman">C.V. Raman</a> and <a href="/wiki/A_P_J_Abdul_Kalam" class="mw-redirect" title="A P J Abdul Kalam">A. P. J. Abdul Kalam</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to receive the award.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BR1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BR1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BR2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BR2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He received the award on 4 February 2014 from President <a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Rashtrapati_Bhavan" title="Rashtrapati Bhavan">Rashtrapati Bhavan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-times14_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times14-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hindu2014_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hindu2014-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2></div> <p>C.N.R. Rao was born in a <a href="/wiki/Kannada_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada people">Kannada</a> <a href="/wiki/Deshastha_Brahmin" title="Deshastha Brahmin">Deshastha Brahmin</a> family in <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a> to Hanumantha Nagesa Rao and Nagamma Nagesa Rao.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father was an Inspector of Schools.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was an only child, and his learned parents made an academic environment. He was well versed in <a href="/wiki/Hindu_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu literature">Hindu literature</a> from his mother and in English from his father at an early age. He did not attend elementary school but was home-tutored by his mother, who was particularly skilled in arithmetic and Hindu literature. He entered middle school in 1940, at age six.<sup id="cite_ref-stephen_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stephen-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although he was the youngest in his class, he used to tutor his classmates in mathematics and English. He passed the lower secondary examination (class VII) in the first class in 1944. He was ten years old, and his father rewarded him with four <a href="/wiki/Indian_anna" title="Indian anna">annas</a> (twenty-five paisa). He attended Acharya Patashala high school in <a href="/wiki/Basavanagudi" title="Basavanagudi">Basavanagudi</a>, which made a lasting influence on his interest in chemistry. His father enrolled him to a <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a>-medium course to encourage his mother tongue, but at home used English for all conversation. He completed secondary school leaving certificate in first class in 1947. He studied BSc at <a href="/wiki/Central_College,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Central College, Bangalore">Central College, Bangalore</a> where he developed communication skills in English and also learned <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-stephen_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stephen-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He obtained his bachelor's degree from <a href="/wiki/Mysore_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysore University">Mysore University</a> in 1951, in first class, at the age of seventeen. He initially thought of joining <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Science" title="Indian Institute of Science">Indian Institute of Science</a> (IISc) for a diploma or a postgraduate degree in <a href="/wiki/Chemical_engineering" title="Chemical engineering">chemical engineering</a>, but a teacher persuaded him to attend <a href="/wiki/Banaras_Hindu_University" title="Banaras Hindu University">Banaras Hindu University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-stephen_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stephen-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He obtained a master's in chemistry from BHU two years later.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1953, he was granted a scholarship for PhD in <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Technology_Kanpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur">Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur</a>. But four foreign universities, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_University" title="Pennsylvania State University">Penn State</a>, <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Purdue_University" title="Purdue University">Purdue</a> also offered him financial support. He chose Purdue. His first research paper was published in the <i>Agra University Journal of Research</i> in 1954. He completed PhD in 1958, only after two years and nine months.<sup id="cite_ref-stephen_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stephen-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2></div> <p>After completion of his graduate studies, Rao returned to Bangalore in 1959 to take up a lecturing position, joining IISc and embarking on an independent research program. The facility at the time was so meagre that he described it, saying, "You would get string and sealing wax and that's about it."<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1963 he accepted a permanent position in the Department of Chemistry at the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Technology_Kanpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur">Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur</a>. He was elected Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Indian Academy of Sciences">Indian Academy of Sciences</a> in 1964. He returned to IISc in 1976 to establish a solid state and structural chemistry unit.<sup id="cite_ref-stephen_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stephen-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and became director of the IISc from 1984 to 1994. At various points in his career Rao has taken appointments as a visiting professor at Purdue University, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Barbara" title="University of California, Santa Barbara">University of California, Santa Barbara</a>. He was the Jawaharlal Nehru Professor at the University of Cambridge and Professorial Fellow at the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="King's College, Cambridge">King's College, Cambridge</a> during 1983–1984.<sup id="cite_ref-insa_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-insa-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rao has been working as the National Research Professor holding the positions <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a> Research Professor and Honorary President of <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru_Centre_for_Advanced_Scientific_Research" title="Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research">Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a>, which he founded in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had served as chair of the Scientific Advisory Council to the Indian Prime Minister for two terms, from 1985 to 1989 and from 2005 to 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is also the director of the International Centre for Materials Science (ICMS), which he founded in 2010, and serves on the board of the <a href="/wiki/Science_Initiative_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Science Initiative Group">Science Initiative Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scientific_contribution">Scientific contribution</h2></div> <p>Rao is one of the world's foremost <a href="/wiki/Solid-state_chemistry" title="Solid-state chemistry">solid state</a> and <a href="/wiki/Materials_science" title="Materials science">materials</a> chemists. He has contributed to the development of the field over five decades.<sup id="cite_ref-john_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-john-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His work on <a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_oxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Transition metal oxide">transition metal oxides</a> has led to basic understanding of novel phenomena and the relationship between materials properties and the structural chemistry of these materials.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rao was one of the earliest to synthesise two-dimensional <a href="/wiki/Oxide" title="Oxide">oxide</a> materials such as La<sub>2</sub>CuO<sub>4</sub>. He was one of the first to synthesise 123 cuprates, the first liquid nitrogen-temperature superconductor in 1987. He was also the first to synthesis Y junction carbon nanotubes in the mid-1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His work has led to a systematic study of compositionally controlled metal-insulator transitions. Such studies have had a profound impact in application fields such as colossal magneto resistance and high temperature <a href="/wiki/Superconductivity" title="Superconductivity">superconductivity</a>. Oxide <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">semiconductors</a> have unusual promise. He has made immense contributions to nanomaterials over the last two decades, besides his work on hybrid materials.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He shares co-authorship of more than 1800 research papers and has co-authored or edited more than 58 books.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-john_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-john-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_recognition">Awards and recognition</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fellowships_and_memberships_of_academic_societies">Fellowships and memberships of academic societies</h3></div> <ul><li>Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Indian Academy of Sciences">Indian Academy of Sciences</a> (FASc, 1965)<sup id="cite_ref-IAS_Fellows_CNR_Rao_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IAS_Fellows_CNR_Rao-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Science_Academy" title="Indian National Science Academy">Indian National Science Academy</a> (FNA, 1974)<sup id="cite_ref-INSA_CNR_Rao_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INSA_CNR_Rao-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellow of the Royal Society</a> (FRS, 1982)<sup id="cite_ref-Fellow_Chintamani_Rao_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fellow_Chintamani_Rao-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Founding Fellow of <a href="/wiki/The_World_Academy_of_Sciences" title="The World Academy of Sciences">The World Academy of Sciences</a> (FTWAS, 1983)<sup id="cite_ref-TWAS_CNR_Rao_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TWAS_CNR_Rao-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Honorary Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Chemistry" title="Royal Society of Chemistry">Royal Society of Chemistry</a> (Hon. FRSC, 1989)<sup id="cite_ref-RSC_CNR_Rao_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RSC_CNR_Rao-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Foreign <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Academia_Europaea" title="Member of the Academia Europaea">Member of the Academia Europaea</a> (MAE, 1997)<sup id="cite_ref-MAE_CNR_Rao_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MAE_CNR_Rao-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Honorary Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Physics" title="Institute of Physics">Institute of Physics</a> (Hon.FInstP, 2007)<sup id="cite_ref-InstP_CNR_Rao_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InstP_CNR_Rao-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Member of many of the world's scientific associations, including the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Canada" title="Royal Society of Canada">Royal Society of Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="French Academy">French Academy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan_Academy" title="Japan Academy">Japanese Academy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" title="Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts">Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Polish Academy of Sciences">Polish Academy of Sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences">Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" title="Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts">Serbian Academy of Sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" title="Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts">Slovenian Academy of Sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Brazilian Academy of Sciences">Brazilian Academy of Sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Royal_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Spanish Royal Academy of Sciences">Spanish Royal Academy of Sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_Republic_of_Korea" title="National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Korea">National Academy of Sciences of Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/African_Academy_of_Sciences" title="African Academy of Sciences">African Academy of Sciences</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is also a member of the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifical Academy">Pontifical Academy</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honorary_doctorates">Honorary doctorates</h3></div> <p>International: </p><p>Professor C.N.R. Rao has received numerous honorary degrees from universities worldwide in recognition of his contributions to science. In Africa, he was awarded a D.Sc. Honoris Causa by Stellenbosch University, South Africa, in 2007. Australia honored him with a D.Sc. Honoris Causa from the Australian National University in Canberra in 2015. In the United Kingdom, he received honorary degrees from the University of Wales (Cardiff), Liverpool, Oxford (2007), and St. Andrews University (2013). </p><p>In France, he was awarded Honoris Causa doctorates by the University of Bordeaux in 1983, the University of Caen in 2000, and Université Joseph Fourier in Grenoble in 2011. Other recognitions include a D.Sc. Honoris Causa from Wroclaw University in Poland (1989) and from Novosibirsk University and the Russian Academy of Sciences (Siberian Branch) in Russia (1999). Additionally, Sweden awarded him an Honoris Causa Doctorate from Uppsala University in 2000, and Sudan awarded a D.Sc. Honoris Causa from the University of Khartoum in 2002. </p><p>In the United States, he has received honorary doctorates from several universities, including Colorado, Northwestern, Notre Dame, Purdue, Temple, and others. </p><p>National </p><p>In India, Professor Rao’s contributions have been acknowledged by a wide range of institutions. He has received honorary doctorates from major universities, including Aligarh University, Banaras Hindu University, Bangalore University, Calcutta University, Delhi University, Hyderabad University, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kanpur University, Mangalore University, Panjab University, and Roorkee University. Additionally, he has been honored by Visvesvaraya Technological University, Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) at Bombay, Kharagpur, Kanpur, New Delhi, and Guwahati, and the Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (IISERs) in Bhopal, Kolkata, Mohali, and Pune. Notable recognitions also include an LL.D. (Honoris Causa) from Sri Venkateswara University, a D.Litt. from Guwahati University, the “Desikottama” award from Visva-Bharati University<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and The Assam Royal Global University, Guwahati 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-john_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-john-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-insa_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-insa-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_scientific_awards">Major scientific awards</h3></div> <ul><li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Marlow_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Marlow Medal">Marlow Medal</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Faraday_Society" title="Faraday Society">Faraday Society</a> of England<sup id="cite_ref-:4_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/Shanti_Swarup_Bhatnagar_Prize_for_Science_and_Technology" title="Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology">Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology</a> in Chemical Science<sup id="cite_ref-:4_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2000: Centenary Medal of the Royal Society of Chemistry, London<sup id="cite_ref-:4_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Hughes_Medal" title="Hughes Medal">Hughes Medal</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a><sup id="cite_ref-:4_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/India_Science_Award" title="India Science Award">India Science Award</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Dan_David_Prize" title="Dan David Prize">Dan David Prize</a> from Tel Aviv University<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> shared with <a href="/wiki/George_M._Whitesides" title="George M. Whitesides">George Whitesides</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Langer" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Langer">Robert Langer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2008: Abdus Salam Medal by <a href="/wiki/The_World_Academy_of_Sciences" title="The World Academy of Sciences">The World Academy of Sciences</a> (TWAS)<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Medal" title="Royal Medal">Royal Medal</a> by the Royal Society<sup id="cite_ref-:4_34-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2010: August-Wilhelm-von-Hofmann Medal by the <a href="/wiki/German_Chemical_Society" title="German Chemical Society">German Chemical Society</a><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2017: The Von Hippel Award by the Materials Research Society<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2021: International <a href="/wiki/ENI_award" title="ENI award">ENI award</a> 2020 for research in renewable energy sources and energy storage, also called the Energy Frontier award<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scientific_awards">Scientific awards</h3></div> <ul><li>1961: DSc from Mysore University.</li> <li>1973: Yedanapalli Medal and Prize<sup id="cite_ref-ias_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ias-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1975: C. V. Raman Award in Physical Science by the <a href="/wiki/University_Grants_Commission_(India)" title="University Grants Commission (India)">University Grants Commission of India</a><sup id="cite_ref-ias_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ias-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1980: S. N. Bose Medal by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Science_Academy" title="Indian National Science Academy">Indian National Science Academy</a><sup id="cite_ref-bas_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bas-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Chemistry" title="Royal Society of Chemistry">Royal Society of Chemistry</a> (London) Medal<sup id="cite_ref-C.N.R._Rao_-_Elsevier_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C.N.R._Rao_-_Elsevier-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1981: Founding member of the <a href="/wiki/World_Cultural_Council" title="World Cultural Council">World Cultural Council</a><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1989: Hevrovsky Gold Medal of the <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences">Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences</a><sup id="cite_ref-bas_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bas-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1990: Meghnath Saha Medal of the Indian National Science Academy</li> <li>1996: Einstein Gold Medal of <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a><sup id="cite_ref-:4_34-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Science" title="Doctor of Science">Doctor of Science</a> from <a href="/wiki/University_of_Calcutta" title="University of Calcutta">University of Calcutta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2004: Somiya Award of the International Union of Materials Research.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2008: Nikkei Asia Prize for Science, Technology and Innovation, by <a href="/wiki/Nihon_Keizai_Shimbun" class="mw-redirect" title="Nihon Keizai Shimbun">Nihon Keizai Shimbun</a>, Inc., Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2008: Khwarizmi International Award 2008 for Innovation along with <a href="/wiki/Ajayan_Vinu" title="Ajayan Vinu">Ajayan Vinu</a><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2011: Ernesto Illy Trieste Science Prize for materials research<sup id="cite_ref-:4_34-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2013: 2012 Award for International Scientific Cooperation from the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Chinese Academy of Sciences">Chinese Academy of Sciences</a><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2013: Elected honorary foreign member of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Chinese Academy of Sciences">Chinese Academy of Sciences</a><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2013: Distinguished Academician Award from <a href="/wiki/IIT_Patna" title="IIT Patna">IIT Patna</a><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2018: Platinum Medal from Indian Association of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2019: The first Sheikh Saud International Prize for Materials Research from the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Advanced_Materials" title="Center for Advanced Materials">Center for Advanced Materials</a> of the United Arab Emirates<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Foreign fellow of <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Bangladesh Academy of Sciences">Bangladesh Academy of Sciences</a><sup id="cite_ref-bas_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bas-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indian_governmental_honours">Indian governmental honours</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Shri_award_recipients_(1970%E2%80%931979)" title="List of Padma Shri award recipients (1970–1979)">1974</a> – <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Padma_Shri_Ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Padma_Shri_Ribbon.svg/50px-Padma_Shri_Ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Padma_Shri_Ribbon.svg/75px-Padma_Shri_Ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Padma_Shri_Ribbon.svg/100px-Padma_Shri_Ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Padma_Shri" title="Padma Shri">Padma Shri</a>, India's fourth-highest civilian award.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padma_Vibhushan" title="Padma Vibhushan">Padma Vibhushan</a> in 1985</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Ratna" title="Karnataka Ratna">Karnataka Ratna</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Karnataka Government">Karnataka State Government</a> in 2000<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Ratna" title="Bharat Ratna">Bharat Ratna</a> in 2014<sup id="cite_ref-times14_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times14-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hindu2014_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hindu2014-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_honours">Foreign honours</h3></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>: <a href="/wiki/National_Order_of_Scientific_Merit_(Brazil)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Order of Scientific Merit (Brazil)">Great Cross of the National Order of Scientific Merit</a> (2002)<sup id="cite_ref-C.N.R._Rao_-_Elsevier_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C.N.R._Rao_-_Elsevier-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>: <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Legion of Honor">Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur</a> (2005)<sup id="cite_ref-C.N.R._Rao_-_Elsevier_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C.N.R._Rao_-_Elsevier-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>: Gold and Silver Star of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Rising_Sun" title="Order of the Rising Sun">Order of the Rising Sun</a> (2015)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friendship" title="Order of Friendship">Order of Friendship</a> (2009)<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legacy">Legacy</h3></div> <ul><li>Rao with his wife established the CNR Rao Education Foundation using the Dan David Prize money.<sup id="cite_ref-stephen_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stephen-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The foundation is based in Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research and offers Best Science Teacher Award to pre-university and high school science teachers.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Rao established the International Centre for Materials Science (ICMS) which offers the C N R Rao Prize Lecture in Advanced Materials since 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World_Academy_of_Sciences" title="The World Academy of Sciences">The World Academy of Sciences</a> instituted the TWAS-C.N.R. Rao Award for Scientific Research since 2006 for scientists in the least developed countries.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Shanmugha_Arts,_Science,_Technology_%26_Research_Academy" title="Shanmugha Arts, Science, Technology & Research Academy">Shanmugha Arts, Science, Technology & Research Academy</a> has created the <a href="/wiki/SASTRA-CNR_Rao_Award" title="SASTRA-CNR Rao Award">SASTRA-CNR Rao Award</a> for Chemistry and Material Science in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> <p>Rao is married to Indumati Rao in 1960. They have two children, Sanjay and Suchitra. Sanjay works as a science populariser in schools around Bangalore.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Suchitra is married to <a href="/wiki/Krishna_N._Ganesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Krishna N. Ganesh">Krishna N. Ganesh</a>, the director of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Science_Education_and_Research,_Pune" title="Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune">Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) at Pune</a>, Maharashtra.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rao is <a href="/wiki/Technophobia" title="Technophobia">technophobic</a> and he never checks his email by himself. He also said that he uses the mobile phone only to talk to his wife.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2></div> <p>In 1987, Rao and his team published a series of four papers, of which three were in the <a href="/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_Indian_Academy_of_Sciences,_Part_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Part A"><i>Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences</i> (<i>Chemical Science</i>)</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pramana_(journal)" title="Pramana (journal)">Pramana</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Current_Science" title="Current Science">Current Science</a></i>, all published by the Indian Academy of Sciences.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A report was submitted to the Society for Scientific Values that the three papers had no mention of the dates of receipt, which were normally explicitly mentioned in those journals.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon inquiry, it was found that the paper manuscripts were actually received after the date of publication, indicating that they were backdated. The society declared the case as "Use of Wrong Means to Claim Priority."<sup id="cite_ref-:3_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rao has been subject of allegations on <a href="/wiki/Plagiarism" title="Plagiarism">plagiarism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rao and Saluru Baba Krupanidhi at the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore, with their students Basant Chitara and L. S. Panchakarla, published a paper "Infrared photodetectors based on reduced graphene oxide and graphene nanoribbons" in the journal <i><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Materials" title="Advanced Materials">Advanced Materials</a></i> in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After publication the journal editors found sentences copied verbatim in the introduction and methodology from a paper published in <i><a href="/wiki/Applied_Physics_Letters" title="Applied Physics Letters">Applied Physics Letters</a></i> in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i> report, it was Basant Chitara, a PhD student at IISc, who wrote the text.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An apology was issued by the authors later in the same journal.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rao said that he did read the manuscript and that it was an oversight on his part as he focused mainly on the results and discussion.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scientists such as Rahul Siddharthan (<a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Mathematical_Sciences,_Chennai" title="Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai">Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai</a>), Y.B. Srinivas (<a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Wood_Science_and_Technology" title="Institute of Wood Science and Technology">Institute of Wood Science and Technology</a>), and D.P. Sengupta (former professor at IISC), agreed that the plagiarised portion has no bearing on the findings,<sup id="cite_ref-No_Science_in_cut_and_paste_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-No_Science_in_cut_and_paste-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yet Siddharthan opined that the reactions made by Rao and Krupanidhi were overboard. Rao and Krupanidhi publicly blamed Chitara, and denied the publication as not plagiarism.<sup id="cite_ref-No_Science_in_cut_and_paste_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-No_Science_in_cut_and_paste-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rao had commented, "This should not be really considered as plagiarism, but an instance of copying of a few sentences in the text." He even extended the blame to Krupanidhi asserting that he had no role in it as it was written by Krupanidhi without his knowledge.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His claims were not justified by the fact that he was the senior scientist and corresponding author in that publication.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-No_Science_in_cut_and_paste_76-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-No_Science_in_cut_and_paste-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More allegations of instances of plagiarism in articles co-authored Rao have been reported.<sup id="cite_ref-More_cases_of_plagiarism_come_to_light_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-More_cases_of_plagiarism_come_to_light-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Written with S. Venkataprasad Bhat and Krupanidhi, Rao's paper in 2010 about the effect of <a href="/wiki/Nanoparticle" title="Nanoparticle">nanoparticles</a> on solar cells in <i><a href="/wiki/Applied_Physics_Express" title="Applied Physics Express">Applied Physics Express</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> contains texts that are very similar to those of a paper by Matheu <i>et al.</i> from <i>Applied Physics Letters</i> in 2008,<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which it did not even cite.<sup id="cite_ref-No_Science_in_cut_and_paste_76-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-No_Science_in_cut_and_paste-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rao had stated, referring to the 2011 incident, that "[If] I have ever stolen an idea or a result (in) my entire life, (then) hang me."<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But Rao's article contains similar study to and duplicated figures with that of Matheu <i>et al.<sup id="cite_ref-No_Science_in_cut_and_paste_76-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-No_Science_in_cut_and_paste-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> An article in the <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Luminescence" title="Journal of Luminescence">Journal of Luminescence</a></i> in 2011, written with Chitara, Nidhi Lal and Krupanidhi,<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> contains 20 unattributed lines which appear to be copied from articles by Itskos <i>et al.</i> in <i><a href="/wiki/Nanotechnology_(journal)" title="Nanotechnology (journal)">Nanotechnology</a></i> (June 2009 issue) and Heliotis <i>et al.</i> in <i>Advanced Materials</i> (January 2006 issue)<i>.</i> Another article in <i>Nanotechnology</i>, written also with Chitara and Krupanidhi,<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> uses six lines from the 1995 article by Huang <i>et al</i>. in <i>Applied Physics Letters.<sup id="cite_ref-More_cases_of_plagiarism_come_to_light_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-More_cases_of_plagiarism_come_to_light-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </p><p>Rao was given a Bharat Ratna by the Government of India in spite of the controversy and was active as a professor at Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR).<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2013, brother and sister Tanaya Thakur, a law student, and Aditya Thakur, a class XII student, filed a <a href="/wiki/Public_interest_litigation_in_India" title="Public interest litigation in India">public interest litigation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Allahabad_High_Court" title="Allahabad High Court">Allahabad High Court</a>, Lucknow Bench, to challenge Rao's Bharat Ratna. They asserted that "a scientist with proven cases of plagiarism shall not be presented the highest civilian award."<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But the court ruled them out as "filing pleas for publicity."<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was another plea to revoke the award in 2015, but the <a href="/wiki/Central_Information_Commission" title="Central Information Commission">Central Information Commission</a> dismissed the petition.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 17 November 2013, at a press conference following the announcement of his Bharat Ratna, he called the Indian politicians "idiots" which caused a national outrage. He said, "Why the hell have these idiots [politicians] given so little to us despite what we have done? For the money that the government has given us we [scientists] have done much more."<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his defence Rao insisted that he merely talked about the "idiotic" way the politicians ignore investments for research funding in science.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-IAS_Fellows_CNR_Rao-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IAS_Fellows_CNR_Rao_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IAS_Fellows_CNR_Rao_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fellows.ias.ac.in/profile/v/FL1965001">"Fellowship: Prof. Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao"</a>. Indian Academy of Sciences<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fellowship%3A+Prof.+Chintamani+Nagesa+Ramachandra+Rao&rft.pub=Indian+Academy+of+Sciences&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffellows.ias.ac.in%2Fprofile%2Fv%2FFL1965001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC.+N.+R.+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fellow_Chintamani_Rao-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fellow_Chintamani_Rao_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fellow_Chintamani_Rao_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsociety.org/people/chintamani-rao-12145/">"The Royal Society: Chintamani Rao"</a>. The Royal Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=CNR+Rao+does+damage+control+after+outbursts%3B+Jaipal+Reddy+agrees+with+Rao%27s+views+on+funding&rft.date=2013-11-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FCNR-Rao-does-damage-control-after-outbursts-Jaipal-Reddy-agrees-with-Raos-views-on-funding%2Farticleshow%2F25992976.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AC.+N.+R.+Rao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li>C.N.R. Rao (2010). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-ajEFddmiDUC">Climbing the Limitless Ladder: A Life in Chemistry</a></i>. World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., Singapore. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9814307866" title="Special:BookSources/9814307866">9814307866</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/C._N._R._Rao" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/C. 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Padma_Shri_Award_Recipients_in_Science_%26_Engineering" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recipients_of_Padma_Shri_in_Science_&amp;_Engineering93" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Recipients of <a href="/wiki/Padma_Shri" title="Padma Shri">Padma Shri</a> in Science & Engineering</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kshitish_Ranjan_Chakravorty" title="Kshitish Ranjan Chakravorty">Kshitish Ranjan Chakravorty</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_Rahman_(architect)" title="Habib Rahman (architect)">Habib Rahman</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laxman_Mahadeo_Chitale" title="Laxman Mahadeo Chitale">Laxman Mahadeo Chitale</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Prakash_Gehlote" title="Ram Prakash Gehlote">Ram Prakash Gehlote</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaswami_Ramiah" title="Krishnaswami Ramiah">Krishnaswami Ramiah</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Raj_Nijhawan" title="Bal Raj Nijhawan">Bal Raj Nijhawan</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Peary_Pal" title="Benjamin Peary Pal">Benjamin Peary Pal</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navalpakkam_Parthasarthy" title="Navalpakkam Parthasarthy">Navalpakkam Parthasarthy</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surendranath_Kar" title="Surendranath Kar">Surendranath Kar</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om_Prakash_Mathur" title="Om Prakash Mathur">Om Prakash Mathur</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homi_Sethna" title="Homi Sethna">Homi Sethna</a> (1959)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anil_Kumar_Das" title="Anil Kumar Das">Anil Kumar Das</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._S._Rao" title="A. S. Rao">A. S. Rao</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._G._K._Menon" title="M. G. K. Menon">M. G. K. Menon</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahm_Prakash" title="Brahm Prakash">Brahm Prakash</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_Mohan_Suri" title="Man Mohan Suri">Man Mohan Suri</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramananda_Acharya" title="Paramananda Acharya">Paramananda Acharya</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Madav_Ghatage" title="Vishnu Madav Ghatage">Vishnu Madav Ghatage</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satish_Dhawan" title="Satish Dhawan">Satish Dhawan</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maganbhai_Ramchhodbhai_Patel" title="Maganbhai Ramchhodbhai Patel">Maganbhai Ramchhodbhai Patel</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermenegild_Santapau" title="Hermenegild Santapau">Hermenegild Santapau</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Swaminathan" title="M. S. Swaminathan">M. S. Swaminathan</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guduru_Venkatachalam" title="Guduru Venkatachalam">Guduru Venkatachalam</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Ramanna" title="Raja Ramanna">Raja Ramanna</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautam_Bhatt" title="Nautam Bhatt">Nautam Bhatt</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amrik_Singh_Cheema" title="Amrik Singh Cheema">Amrik Singh Cheema</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._V._Mahalingam" title="T. V. Mahalingam">T. V. Mahalingam</a> (1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P._R._Pisharoty" title="P. R. Pisharoty">P. R. Pisharoty</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moti_Lal_Dhar" title="Moti Lal Dhar">Moti Lal Dhar</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zafar_Futehally" title="Zafar Futehally">Zafar Futehally</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devendra_Lal" title="Devendra Lal">Devendra Lal</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Correa" title="Charles Correa">Charles Correa</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._Kesava_Panikkar" title="N. Kesava Panikkar">N. Kesava Panikkar</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govind_Swarup" title="Govind Swarup">Govind Swarup</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achyut_Kanvinde" title="Achyut Kanvinde">Achyut Kanvinde</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suchitra_Mitra" title="Suchitra Mitra">Suchitra Mitra</a> (1974)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">C. N. R. Rao</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitaram_Rao_Valluri" title="Sitaram Rao Valluri">Sitaram Rao Valluri</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajagopala_Chidambaram" title="Rajagopala Chidambaram">Rajagopala Chidambaram</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shambhu_Dayal_Sinvhal" title="Shambhu Dayal Sinvhal">Shambhu Dayal Sinvhal</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Deodhar" title="B. R. Deodhar">B. R. Deodhar</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._V._Doshi" title="B. V. Doshi">B. V. Doshi</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmaram_Bhairav_Joshi" title="Atmaram Bhairav Joshi">Atmaram Bhairav Joshi</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janaki_Ammal" title="Janaki Ammal">Janaki Ammal</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugal_Kishore_Choudhury" class="mw-redirect" title="Jugal Kishore Choudhury">Jugal Kishore Choudhury</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prafulla_Kumar_Jena" title="Prafulla Kumar Jena">Prafulla Kumar Jena</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishwa_Gopal_Jhingran" title="Vishwa Gopal Jhingran">Vishwa Gopal Jhingran</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibte_Hasan_Zaidi" title="Sibte Hasan Zaidi">Sibte Hasan Zaidi</a> (1977)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hari_Krishan_Jain" title="Hari Krishan Jain">Hari Krishan Jain</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurcharan_Singh_Kalkat" title="Gurcharan Singh Kalkat">Gurcharan Singh Kalkat</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinkar_G._Kelkar" title="Dinkar G. Kelkar">Dinkar Gangadhar Kelkar</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaswamy_Kasturirangan" title="Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan">Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Prakash" title="Satya Prakash">Satya Prakash</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Narayana_Rao" title="V. Narayana Rao">V. Narayana Rao</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saroj_Raj_Choudhury" title="Saroj Raj Choudhury">Saroj Raj Choudhury</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Nasiem_Siddiquie" title="Hassan Nasiem Siddiquie">Hassan Nasiem Siddiquie</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Ren%C3%A9e_Cura" title="María Renée Cura">María Renée Cura</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasant_Gowarikar" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasant Gowarikar">Vasant Gowarikar</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramod_Kale" title="Pramod Kale">Pramod Kale</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilamber_Pant" title="Nilamber Pant">Nilamber Pant</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myneni_Hariprasada_Rao" title="Myneni Hariprasada Rao">Myneni Hariprasada Rao</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._R._Srinivasan" title="M. R. Srinivasan">M. R. Srinivasan</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predhiman_Krishan_Kaw" title="Predhiman Krishan Kaw">Predhiman Krishan Kaw</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._V._S._Rao" title="P. V. S. Rao">P. V. S. Rao</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadas_P._Shenoy" title="Ramadas P. Shenoy">Ramadas P. Shenoy</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saroj_Ghose" title="Saroj Ghose">Saroj Ghose</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palle_Rama_Rao" title="Palle Rama Rao">Palle Rama Rao</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Narain_Agarwal" title="Ram Narain Agarwal">Ram Narain Agarwal</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Baker" title="Laurie Baker">Laurie Baker</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._R._Kurup" title="M. R. Kurup">M. R. Kurup</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakesh_Bakshi" title="Rakesh Bakshi">Rakesh Bakshi</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._L._Deekshatulu" title="B. L. Deekshatulu">B. L. Deekshatulu</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narinder_Kumar_Gupta" title="Narinder Kumar Gupta">Narinder Kumar Gupta</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shri_Krishna_Joshi" title="Shri Krishna Joshi">Shri Krishna Joshi</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghunath_Anant_Mashelkar" title="Raghunath Anant Mashelkar">Raghunath Anant Mashelkar</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govindarajan_Padmanaban" title="Govindarajan Padmanaban">Govindarajan Padmanaban</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Puttaiya_Radhakrishna" title="Bangalore Puttaiya Radhakrishna">Bangalore Puttaiya Radhakrishna</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._V._Rama_Rao" title="A. V. Rama Rao">A. V. Rama Rao</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganeshan_Venkataraman" title="Ganeshan Venkataraman">Ganeshan Venkataraman</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhava_Ashish" title="Madhava Ashish">Madhava Ashish</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._S._Venkataraman" title="G. S. Venkataraman">G. S. Venkataraman</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kailash_Sankhala" title="Kailash Sankhala">Kailash Sankhala</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinod_Prakash_Sharma" title="Vinod Prakash Sharma">Vinod Prakash Sharma</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Allen_Stein" title="Joseph Allen Stein">Joseph Allen Stein</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Attavar" title="Manmohan Attavar">Manmohan Attavar</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priyambada_Mohanty_Hejmadi" title="Priyambada Mohanty Hejmadi">Priyambada Mohanty Hejmadi</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anil_Kakodkar" title="Anil Kakodkar">Anil Kakodkar</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aditya_Narayan_Purohit" title="Aditya Narayan Purohit">Aditya Narayan Purohit</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._K._Saraswat" title="V. K. Saraswat">V. K. Saraswat</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asis_Datta" title="Asis Datta">Asis Datta</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Nath" title="Indira Nath">Indira Nath</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Ramakumar" title="M. S. Ramakumar">M. S. Ramakumar</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._V._Rao" title="M. V. Rao">M. V. Rao</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._K._Sikka" title="S. K. Sikka">S. K. Sikka</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vijay_P._Bhatkar" title="Vijay P. Bhatkar">Vijay P. Bhatkar</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._D._Bhawalkar" title="D. D. Bhawalkar">D. D. Bhawalkar</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurdev_Khush" title="Gurdev Khush">Gurdev Khush</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasu_Ram_Mishra" title="Parasu Ram Mishra">Parasu Ram Mishra</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandip_Kumar_Basu" title="Sandip Kumar Basu">Sandip Kumar Basu</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisweswar_Bhattacharjee" title="Bisweswar Bhattacharjee">Bisweswar Bhattacharjee</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._K._Chaturvedi" title="V. K. Chaturvedi">V. K. Chaturvedi</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketayun_Ardeshir_Dinshaw" title="Ketayun Ardeshir Dinshaw">Ketayun Ardeshir Dinshaw</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prem_Shanker_Goel" title="Prem Shanker Goel">Prem Shanker Goel</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goverdhan_Mehta" title="Goverdhan Mehta">Goverdhan Mehta</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._G._Krishnadas_Nair" title="C. G. Krishnadas Nair">C. G. Krishnadas Nair</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Raghunathan" title="M. S. Raghunathan">M. S. Raghunathan</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjaya_Rajaram" title="Sanjaya Rajaram">Sanjaya Rajaram</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._V._Ramakrishnan" title="T. V. Ramakrishnan">T. V. Ramakrishnan</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirumalachari_Ramasami" title="Thirumalachari Ramasami">Thirumalachari Ramasami</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasika_Durga_Prasada_Rao" title="Dasika Durga Prasada Rao">Dasika Durga Prasada Rao</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ratnasamy" title="Paul Ratnasamy">Paul Ratnasamy</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashoke_Sen" title="Ashoke Sen">Ashoke Sen</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bikash_Sinha" title="Bikash Sinha">Bikash Sinha</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suhas_Pandurang_Sukhatme" title="Suhas Pandurang Sukhatme">Suhas Pandurang Sukhatme</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._S._Arya" title="A. S. Arya">A. S. Arya</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayanaswamy_Balakrishnan" title="Narayanaswamy Balakrishnan">Narayanaswamy Balakrishnan</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmanabhan_Balaram" title="Padmanabhan Balaram">Padmanabhan Balaram</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorairajan_Balasubramanian" title="Dorairajan Balasubramanian">Dorairajan Balasubramanian</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanath_Cowsik" title="Ramanath Cowsik">Ramanath Cowsik</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaitanyamoy_Ganguly" title="Chaitanyamoy Ganguly">Chaitanyamoy Ganguly</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kota_Harinarayana" title="Kota Harinarayana">Kota Harinarayana</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashok_Jhunjhunwala" title="Ashok Jhunjhunwala">Ashok Jhunjhunwala</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amitav_Malik" class="mw-redirect" title="Amitav Malik">Amitav Malik</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katuru_Narayana" title="Katuru Narayana">Katuru Narayana</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Sivathanu_Pillai" title="A. Sivathanu Pillai">A. Sivathanu Pillai</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._V._Subba_Rao_(scientist)" title="I. V. Subba Rao (scientist)">I. V. Subba Rao</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._N._Suresh" title="B. N. Suresh">B. N. Suresh</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asok_Kumar_Barua" title="Asok Kumar Barua">Asok Kumar Barua</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivram_Bhoje" title="Shivram Bhoje">Shivram Bhoje</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jai_Bhagwan_Chaudhary" title="Jai Bhagwan Chaudhary">Jai Bhagwan Chaudhary</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvagya_Singh_Katiyar" title="Sarvagya Singh Katiyar">Sarvagya Singh Katiyar</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyan_Chandra_Mishra" title="Gyan Chandra Mishra">Gyan Chandra Mishra</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jai_Pal_Mittal" title="Jai Pal Mittal">Jai Pal Mittal</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundaram_Ramakrishnan" title="Sundaram Ramakrishnan">Sundaram Ramakrishnan</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baburao_Govindrao_Shirke" title="Baburao Govindrao Shirke">Baburao Govindrao Shirke</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahendra_Singh_Sodha" title="Mahendra Singh Sodha">Mahendra Singh Sodha</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagarajan_Vedachalam" title="Nagarajan Vedachalam">Nagarajan Vedachalam</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satish_Kumar_Kaura" title="Satish Kumar Kaura">Satish Kumar Kaura</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalini_Ranjan_Mohanty" title="Nalini Ranjan Mohanty">Nalini Ranjan Mohanty</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._S._Prahlad" title="T. S. Prahlad">T. S. Prahlad</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishweshwaraiah_Prakash" title="Vishweshwaraiah Prakash">Vishweshwaraiah Prakash</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._N._Shankara" title="K. N. Shankara">K. N. Shankara</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalji_Singh" title="Lalji Singh">Lalji Singh</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajpal_Singh_Sirohi" title="Rajpal Singh Sirohi">Rajpal Singh Sirohi</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Vijayan" title="M. Vijayan">M. Vijayan</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipankar_Banerjee_(metallurgist)" title="Dipankar Banerjee (metallurgist)">Dipankar Banerjee</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srikumar_Banerjee" title="Srikumar Banerjee">Srikumar Banerjee</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banwari_Lal_Chouksey" title="Banwari Lal Chouksey">Banwari Lal Chouksey</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavatula_Dattaguru" title="Bhagavatula Dattaguru">Bhagavatula Dattaguru</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasudevan_Gnana_Gandhi" title="Vasudevan Gnana Gandhi">Vasudevan Gnana Gandhi</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhu_Sudan_Kanungo" title="Madhu Sudan Kanungo">Madhu Sudan Kanungo</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Mahadevappa" title="M. Mahadevappa">M. Mahadevappa</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramachandran_Balasubramanian" title="Ramachandran Balasubramanian">Ramachandran Balasubramanian</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harsh_Gupta" title="Harsh Gupta">Harsh Gupta</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seyed_E._Hasnain" title="Seyed E. Hasnain">Seyed E. Hasnain</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Kumar_(physicist)" title="Narendra Kumar (physicist)">Narendra Kumar</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._V._Nimbkar" title="B. V. Nimbkar">B. V. Nimbkar</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminathan_Sivaram" title="Swaminathan Sivaram">Swaminathan Sivaram</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thekkethil_Kochandy_Alex" class="mw-redirect" title="Thekkethil Kochandy Alex">Thekkethil Kochandy Alex</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabi_Narayan_Bastia" title="Rabi Narayan Bastia">Rabi Narayan Bastia</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilip_K._Biswas" title="Dilip K. Biswas">Dilip K. Biswas</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananda_Mohan_Chakrabarty" title="Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty">Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiran_Karnik" title="Kiran Karnik">Kiran Karnik</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanu_Padmanabhan" title="Thanu Padmanabhan">Thanu Padmanabhan</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldev_Raj" title="Baldev Raj">Baldev Raj</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudhir_Kumar_Sopory" title="Sudhir Kumar Sopory">Sudhir Kumar Sopory</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khadg_Singh_Valdiya" title="Khadg Singh Valdiya">Khadg Singh Valdiya</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasturi_Lal_Chopra" title="Kasturi Lal Chopra">Kasturi Lal Chopra</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._Hulse" title="Joseph H. Hulse">Joseph H. Hulse</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavarlal_Jain" title="Bhavarlal Jain">Bhavarlal Jain</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaleem_Ullah_Khan" title="Kaleem Ullah Khan">Kaleem Ullah Khan</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Singh_Virmani" title="Sant Singh Virmani">Sant Singh Virmani</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramod_Tandon" title="Pramod Tandon">Pramod Tandon</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goriparthi_Narasimha_Raju_Yadav" title="Goriparthi Narasimha Raju Yadav">Goriparthi Narasimha Raju Yadav</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vijay_Prasad_Dimri" title="Vijay Prasad Dimri">Vijay Prasad Dimri</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pucadyil_Ittoop_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Pucadyil Ittoop John">Pucadyil Ittoop John</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palpu_Pushpangadan" title="Palpu Pushpangadan">Palpu Pushpangadan</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._R._S._Rao" title="M. R. S. Rao">M. R. S. Rao</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayalakshmi_Ravindranath" title="Vijayalakshmi Ravindranath">Vijayalakshmi Ravindranath</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponisseril_Somasundaran" title="Ponisseril Somasundaran">Ponisseril Somasundaran</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Annamalai_(scientist)" title="M. Annamalai (scientist)">M. Annamalai</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moni_Lal_Bhoumik" class="mw-redirect" title="Moni Lal Bhoumik">Moni Lal Bhoumik</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coimbatore_Narayana_Rao_Raghavendran" title="Coimbatore Narayana Rao Raghavendran">Coimbatore Narayana Rao Raghavendran</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suman_Sahai" title="Suman Sahai">Suman Sahai</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Shankar" title="G. Shankar">G. Shankar</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._A._Siddiq" title="E. A. Siddiq">E. A. Siddiq</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subra_Suresh" title="Subra Suresh">Subra Suresh</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Adimurthy" title="V. Adimurthy">V. Adimurthy</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rameshwar_Nath_Koul_Bamezai" title="Rameshwar Nath Koul Bamezai">Rameshwar Nath Koul Bamezai</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Lal_Chadha" title="Krishna Lal Chadha">Krishna Lal Chadha</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virander_Singh_Chauhan" title="Virander Singh Chauhan">Virander Singh Chauhan</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y._S._Rajan" title="Y. S. Rajan">Y. S. Rajan</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagadish_Shukla" title="Jagadish Shukla">Jagadish Shukla</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijaypal_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Vijaypal Singh">Vijaypal Singh</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokesh_Kumar_Singhal" title="Lokesh Kumar Singhal">Lokesh Kumar Singhal</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manindra_Agrawal" title="Manindra Agrawal">Manindra Agrawal</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustansir_Barma" title="Mustansir Barma">Mustansir Barma</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avinash_Chander" title="Avinash Chander">Avinash Chander</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjay_Govind_Dhande" title="Sanjay Govind Dhande">Sanjay Govind Dhande</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayaraman_Gowrishankar" title="Jayaraman Gowrishankar">Jayaraman Gowrishankar</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharad_P._Kale" title="Sharad P. Kale">Sharad P. Kale</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankar_Kumar_Pal" title="Sankar Kumar Pal">Sankar Kumar Pal</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepak_B._Phatak" title="Deepak B. Phatak">Deepak B. Phatak</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudundi_Ramakrishna_Raju" title="Mudundi Ramakrishna Raju">Mudundi Ramakrishna Raju</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajay_K._Sood" title="Ajay K. Sood">Ajay K. Sood</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._VijayRaghavan" class="mw-redirect" title="K. VijayRaghavan">K. VijayRaghavan</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhar_Basu" title="Sekhar Basu">Sekhar Basu</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhavan_Chandradathan" title="Madhavan Chandradathan">Madhavan Chandradathan</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayanta_Kumar_Ghosh" title="Jayanta Kumar Ghosh">Jayanta Kumar Ghosh</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Grover" title="Ravi Grover">Ravi Grover</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_V._Hosur" title="Ramakrishna V. Hosur">Ramakrishna V. Hosur</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._D._Jemmis" title="E. D. Jemmis">E. D. Jemmis</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._S._Kiran_Kumar" title="A. S. Kiran Kumar">A. S. Kiran Kumar</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajay_Kumar_Parida" title="Ajay Kumar Parida">Ajay Kumar Parida</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Y._S._Prasad" title="M. Y. S. Prasad">M. Y. S. Prasad</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Singh" title="Brahma Singh">Brahma Singh</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinod_K._Singh" title="Vinod K. Singh">Vinod K. Singh</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govindan_Sundararajan" title="Govindan Sundararajan">Govindan Sundararajan</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subbiah_Arunan" title="Subbiah Arunan">Subbiah Arunan</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Blamont" title="Jacques Blamont">Jacques Blamont</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._Prabhakar" title="N. Prabhakar">N. Prabhakar</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prahlada_(scientist)" title="Prahlada (scientist)">Prahlada</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._K._Shivakumar" title="S. K. Shivakumar">S. K. Shivakumar</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mylswamy_Annadurai" title="Mylswamy Annadurai">Mylswamy Annadurai</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipankar_Chatterji" title="Dipankar Chatterji">Dipankar Chatterji</a> (2016)</li> <li>Satish Kumar (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onkar_Nath_Srivastava" title="Onkar Nath Srivastava">Onkar Nath Srivastava</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veena_Tandon" title="Veena Tandon">Veena Tandon</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._D._Yadav" title="G. D. Yadav">G. D. Yadav</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jitendra_Nath_Goswami" title="Jitendra Nath Goswami">Jitendra Nath Goswami</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chintakindi_Mallesham" title="Chintakindi Mallesham">Chintakindi Mallesham</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amitava_Roy" title="Amitava Roy">Amitava Roy</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Chandra_Thakur" title="Vikram Chandra Thakur">Vikram Chandra Thakur</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajagopalan_Vasudevan" title="Rajagopalan Vasudevan">Rajagopalan Vasudevan</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manas_Bihari_Verma" title="Manas Bihari Verma">Manas Bihari Verma</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uddhab_Bharali" title="Uddhab Bharali">Uddhab Bharali</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldev_Singh_Dhillon" title="Baldev Singh Dhillon">Baldev Singh Dhillon</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohini_Godbole" title="Rohini Godbole">Rohini Godbole</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhash_Kak" title="Subhash Kak">Subhash Kak</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raman_Gangakhedkar" title="Raman Gangakhedkar">Raman Gangakhedkar</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sujoy_K._Guha" title="Sujoy K. Guha">Sujoy K. Guha</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._S._Manilal" title="K. S. Manilal">K. S. Manilal</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vashishtha_Narayan_Singh" title="Vashishtha Narayan Singh">Vashishtha Narayan Singh</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalappil_Pradeep" title="Thalappil Pradeep">Thalappil Pradeep</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._C._Verma" title="H. C. Verma">H. C. Verma</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudhir_K._Jain" title="Sudhir K. Jain">Sudhir K. Jain</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rattan_Lal" title="Rattan Lal">Rattan Lal</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subbanna_Ayyappan" title="Subbanna Ayyappan">Subbanna Ayyappan</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanghamitra_Bandyopadhyay" title="Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay">Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aditya_Prasad_Dash" title="Aditya Prasad Dash">Aditya Prasad Dash</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moti_Lal_Madan" class="mw-redirect" title="Moti Lal Madan">Moti Lal Madan</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anil_K._Rajvanshi" title="Anil K. Rajvanshi">Anil K. Rajvanshi</a> (2022)</li> <li>Ajay Kumar Sonkar (2022)</li> <li>Jyantkumar Maganlal Vyas (2022)</li> <li>Khadar Valli Dudekula (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modadugu_Vijay_Gupta" title="Modadugu Vijay Gupta">Modadugu Vijay Gupta</a> (2023)</li> <li>Ganesh Nagappa Krishnarajanagara (2023)</li> <li>Arvind Kumar (2023)</li> <li>Mahendra Pal (2023)</li> <li>Bakshi Ram (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sujatha_Ramdorai" title="Sujatha Ramdorai">Sujatha Ramdorai</a> (2023)</li> <li>Abbareddy Nageswara Rao (2023)</li> <li>Narayan Chakraborty (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Chet_Chaudhary" title="Ram Chet Chaudhary">Ram Chet Chaudhary</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shailesh_Nayak" title="Shailesh Nayak">Shailesh Nayak</a> (2024)</li> <li>Hari Om (2024)</li> <li>Eklabya Sharma (2024)</li> <li>Ram Chander Sihag (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Prakash_Singh" title="Ravi Prakash Singh">Ravi Prakash Singh</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajay_Bhatt" title="Ajay Bhatt">Ajay Bhatt</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashutosh_Sharma_(chemical_engineer)" title="Ashutosh Sharma (chemical engineer)">Ashutosh Sharma</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chetan_Chitnis" title="Chetan Chitnis">Chetan Chitnis</a> (2025)</li> <li>M D Srinivas (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sethuraman_Panchanathan" title="Sethuraman Panchanathan">Sethuraman Panchanathan</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinder_Vasal" title="Surinder Vasal">Surinder Vasal</a> (2025)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Recipients_of_Shanti_Swarup_Bhatnagar_Prize_for_Science_and_Technology_in_Chemical_Science143" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:SSBPST_recipients_in_Chemical_Science" title="Template:SSBPST recipients in Chemical Science"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:SSBPST_recipients_in_Chemical_Science" title="Template talk:SSBPST recipients in Chemical Science"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:SSBPST_recipients_in_Chemical_Science" title="Special:EditPage/Template:SSBPST recipients in Chemical Science"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recipients_of_Shanti_Swarup_Bhatnagar_Prize_for_Science_and_Technology_in_Chemical_Science143" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Recipients of <a href="/wiki/Shanti_Swarup_Bhatnagar_Prize_for_Science_and_Technology" title="Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology">Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">Chemical Science</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T._R._Govindachari" title="T. R. Govindachari">Tuticorin Raghavachari Govindachari</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asima_Chatterjee" title="Asima Chatterjee">Asima Chatterjee</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasanka_Chandra_Bhattacharyya" title="Sasanka Chandra Bhattacharyya">S. C. Bhattacharyya</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Dattatreya_Tilak" title="Bal Dattatreya Tilak">B. D. Tilak</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukh_Dev" title="Sukh Dev">Sukh Dev</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadhan_Basu" title="Sadhan Basu">Sadhan Basu</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ram_Charan_Mehrotra" title="Ram Charan Mehrotra">R. C. Mehrotra</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._A._Ramaiah" title="N. A. Ramaiah">Nanduri Atchuta Ramaiah</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushi_Santappa" title="Mushi Santappa">Mushi Santappa</a> (1967)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">C. N. R. Rao</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amolak_Chand_Jain" title="Amolak Chand Jain">A. C. Jain</a> (1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P._T._Narasimhan" title="P. T. Narasimhan">P. T. Narasimhan</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manojit_Mohan_Dhar" title="Manojit Mohan Dhar">M. M. Dhar</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satinder_Vir_Kessar" title="Satinder Vir Kessar">S. V. Kessar</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._P._B._Sinha" title="A. P. B. Sinha">A. P. B. Sinha</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manapurathu_Verghese_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Manapurathu Verghese George">M. V. George</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirdaya_Behari_Mathur" title="Hirdaya Behari Mathur">H. B. Mathur</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usha_Ranjan_Ghatak" title="Usha Ranjan Ghatak">U. R. Ghatak</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuppuswamy_Nagarajan" title="Kuppuswamy Nagarajan">K. Nagarajan</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Singh_Bhakuni" title="Dewan Singh Bhakuni">D. S. Bhakuni</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animesh_Chakravorty" title="Animesh Chakravorty">Animesh Chakravorty</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devadas_Devaprabhakara" title="Devadas Devaprabhakara">Devadas Devaprabhakara</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihir_Chowdhury" title="Mihir Chowdhury">Mihir Chowdhury</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subramania_Ranganathan" title="Subramania Ranganathan">S. Ranganathan</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girjesh_Govil" title="Girjesh Govil">Girjesh Govil</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goverdhan_Mehta" title="Goverdhan Mehta">Goverdhan Mehta</a> (1978)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorairajan_Balasubramanian" title="Dorairajan Balasubramanian">D. Balasubramanian</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidyendu_Mohan_Deb" title="Bidyendu Mohan Deb">B. M. Deb</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chunni_Lal_Khetrapal" title="Chunni Lal Khetrapal">C. L. Khetrapal</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._S._R._Subba_Rao" title="G. S. R. Subba Rao">G. S. R. Subba Rao</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaresh_Mitra" title="Samaresh Mitra">Samaresh Mitra</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naba_Kishore_Ray" title="Naba Kishore Ray">Naba Kishore Ray</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramasivam_Natarajan" title="Paramasivam Natarajan">Paramasivam Natarajan</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalya_Jagannath_Rao" title="Kalya Jagannath Rao">K. J. Rao</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmanabhan_Balaram" title="Padmanabhan Balaram">P. Balaram</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debashis_Mukherjee" title="Debashis Mukherjee">Debashis Mukherjee</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaushal_Kishore_(scientist)" title="Kaushal Kishore (scientist)">Kaushal Kishore</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinivasan_Chandrasekaran" title="Srinivasan Chandrasekaran">Srinivasan Chandrasekaran</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihir_Kanti_Chaudhuri" title="Mihir Kanti Chaudhuri">M. K. Chaudhuri</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B._M._Choudary" title="B. M. Choudary">B. M. Choudary</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayanasami_Sathyamurthy" title="Narayanasami Sathyamurthy">N. Sathyamurthy</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biman_Bagchi" title="Biman Bagchi">Biman Bagchi</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhillu_Singh_Yadav" title="Jhillu Singh Yadav">J. S. Yadav</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumit_Bhaduri" title="Sumit Bhaduri">Sumit Bhaduri</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suryanarayanasastry_Ramasesha" title="Suryanarayanasastry Ramasesha">Suryanarayanasastry Ramasesha</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shridhar_Ramachandra_Gadre" title="Shridhar Ramachandra Gadre">S. R. Gadre</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirumalachari_Ramasami" title="Thirumalachari Ramasami">T. Ramasami</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eluvathingal_Devassy_Jemmis" class="mw-redirect" title="Eluvathingal Devassy Jemmis">E. D. Jemmis</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipankar_Das_Sarma" title="Dipankar Das Sarma">D. D. Sarma</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayaraman_Chandrasekhar" title="Jayaraman Chandrasekhar">Jayaraman Chandrasekhar</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizhakeyil_Lukose_Sebastian" class="mw-redirect" title="Kizhakeyil Lukose Sebastian">K. L. Sebastian</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayanan_Chandrakumar" title="Narayanan Chandrakumar">Narayanan Chandrakumar</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariappan_Periasamy" title="Mariappan Periasamy">Mariappan Periasamy</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kankan_Bhattacharyya" title="Kankan Bhattacharyya">Kankan Bhattacharyya</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adusumilli_Srikrishna" title="Adusumilli Srikrishna">Adusumilli Srikrishna</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhil_Ranjan_Chakravarty" title="Akhil Ranjan Chakravarty">A. R. Chakravarty</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K_N_Ganesh" title="K N Ganesh">K. N. Ganesh</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesh_Prasad_Pandey" title="Ganesh Prasad Pandey">Ganesh Prasad Pandey</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deb_Shankar_Ray" title="Deb Shankar Ray">Deb Shankar Ray</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sourav_Pal" title="Sourav Pal">Sourav Pal</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradeep_Mathur_(scientist)" title="Pradeep Mathur (scientist)">Pradeep Mathur</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uday_Maitra" title="Uday Maitra">Uday Maitra</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavarekere_Kalliah_Chandrashekar" title="Tavarekere Kalliah Chandrashekar">T. K. Chandrashekar</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murali_Sastry" title="Murali Sastry">Murali Sastry</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tushar_Kanti_Chakraborty" title="Tushar Kanti Chakraborty">T. K. Chakraborty</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santanu_Bhattacharya" title="Santanu Bhattacharya">Santanu Bhattacharya</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subramaniam_Ramakrishnan" title="Subramaniam Ramakrishnan">S. Ramakrishnan</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinivasan_Sampath" title="Srinivasan Sampath">Srinivasan Sampath</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._George_Thomas" title="K. George Thomas">K. George Thomas</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalendu_Chandra" title="Amalendu Chandra">Amalendu Chandra</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyappanpillai_Ajayaghosh" title="Ayyappanpillai Ajayaghosh">A. Ajayghosh</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalappil_Pradeep" title="Thalappil Pradeep">Thalappil Pradeep</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarugu_Narasimha_Moorthy" title="Jarugu Narasimha Moorthy">Jarugu Narasimha Moorthy</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charusita_Chakravarty" title="Charusita Chakravarty">Charusita Chakravarty</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayanaswamy_Jayaraman" title="Narayanaswamy Jayaraman">Narayanaswamy Jayaraman</a>(2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swapan_Kumar_Pati" title="Swapan Kumar Pati">Swapan Kumar Pati</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandeep_Verma" title="Sandeep Verma">Sandeep Verma</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balasubramanian_Sundaram" title="Balasubramanian Sundaram">Balasubramanian Sundaram</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garikapati_Narahari_Sastry" title="Garikapati Narahari Sastry">Garikapati Narahari Sastry</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangadhar_J._Sanjayan" title="Gangadhar J. Sanjayan">Gangadhar J. Sanjayan</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govindasamy_Mugesh" title="Govindasamy Mugesh">Govindasamy Mugesh</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamuna_Krishnan" title="Yamuna Krishnan">Yamuna Krishnan</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavirayani_Ramakrishna_Prasad" title="Kavirayani Ramakrishna Prasad">Kavirayani Ramakrishna Prasad</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souvik_Maiti" title="Souvik Maiti">Souvik Maiti</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradyut_Ghosh" title="Pradyut Ghosh">Pradyut Ghosh</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._Srinivasa_Reddy" title="D. Srinivasa Reddy">D. Srinivasa Reddy</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partha_Sarathi_Mukherjee" title="Partha Sarathi Mukherjee">Partha Sarathi Mukherjee</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Naresh_Patwari" title="G. Naresh Patwari">G. Naresh Patwari</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swadhin_Kumar_Mandal" title="Swadhin Kumar Mandal">Swadhin Kumar Mandal</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahul_Banerjee_(chemist)" title="Rahul Banerjee (chemist)">Rahul Banerjee</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapas_Kumar_Maji" title="Tapas Kumar Maji">Tapas Kumar Maji</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subi_Jacob_George" title="Subi Jacob George">Subi Jacob George</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotirmayee_Dash" title="Jyotirmayee Dash">Jyotirmayee Dash</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanishka_Biswas" title="Kanishka Biswas">Kanishka Biswas</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T_Govindaraju" class="mw-redirect" title="T Govindaraju">T Govindaraju</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akkattu_T._Biju" title="Akkattu T. Biju">Akkattu T. Biju</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debabrata_Maiti" title="Debabrata Maiti">Debabrata Maiti</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shanti_Swarup_Bhatnagar_Laureates_of_Karnataka414" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Shanti_Swarup_Bhatnagar_Laureates_of_Karnataka" title="Template:Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Laureates of Karnataka"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Shanti_Swarup_Bhatnagar_Laureates_of_Karnataka" title="Template talk:Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Laureates of Karnataka"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shanti_Swarup_Bhatnagar_Laureates_of_Karnataka" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Laureates of Karnataka"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shanti_Swarup_Bhatnagar_Laureates_of_Karnataka414" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Shanti_Swarup_Bhatnagar_Prize_for_Science_and_Technology" title="Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology">Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar</a> Laureates of <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biological Sciences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunil_Kumar_Podder" title="Sunil Kumar Podder">Sunil Kumar Podder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchanahalli_Rangaswamy_Satyanarayana_Rao" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchanahalli Rangaswamy Satyanarayana Rao">Manchanahalli Rangaswamy Satyanarayana Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinivas_Kishanrao_Saidapur" title="Srinivas Kishanrao Saidapur">Srinivas Kishanrao Saidapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._R._N._Murthy" title="M. R. N. Murthy">M. R. N. Murthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalappa_Muniyappa" title="Kalappa Muniyappa">Kalappa Muniyappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishweshwaraiah_Prakash" title="Vishweshwaraiah Prakash">Vishweshwaraiah Prakash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._VijayRaghavan" class="mw-redirect" title="K. VijayRaghavan">K. VijayRaghavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Nagaraja" title="V. Nagaraja">V. Nagaraja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinakar_Mashnu_Salunke" title="Dinakar Mashnu Salunke">Dinakar Mashnu Salunke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghavan_Varadarajan" title="Raghavan Varadarajan">Raghavan Varadarajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amitabh_Joshi" title="Amitabh Joshi">Amitabh Joshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balasubramanian_Gopal" title="Balasubramanian Gopal">Balasubramanian Gopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishikesh_Narayanan" title="Rishikesh Narayanan">Rishikesh Narayanan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chemical Sciences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chintamani_Nagesa_Ramachandra_Rao" class="mw-redirect" title="Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao">Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalya_Jagannath_Rao" title="Kalya Jagannath Rao">Kalya Jagannath Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biman_Bagchi" title="Biman Bagchi">Biman Bagchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suryanarayanasastry_Ramasesha" title="Suryanarayanasastry Ramasesha">Suryanarayanasastry Ramasesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayaraman_Chandrasekhar" title="Jayaraman Chandrasekhar">Jayaraman Chandrasekhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhil_Ranjan_Chakravarty" title="Akhil Ranjan Chakravarty">Akhil Ranjan Chakravarty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K_N_Ganesh" title="K N Ganesh">Krishna N. Ganesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uday_Maitra" title="Uday Maitra">Uday Maitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavarekere_Kalliah_Chandrashekar" title="Tavarekere Kalliah Chandrashekar">Tavarekere Kalliah Chandrashekar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tushar_Kanti_Chakraborty" title="Tushar Kanti Chakraborty">Tushar Kanti Chakraborty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santanu_Bhattacharya" title="Santanu Bhattacharya">Santanu Bhattacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siva_Umapathy" title="Siva Umapathy">Siva Umapathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subramaniam_Ramakrishnan" title="Subramaniam Ramakrishnan">Subramaniam Ramakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinivasan_Sampath" title="Srinivasan Sampath">Srinivasan Sampath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balasubramanian_Sundaram" title="Balasubramanian Sundaram">Balasubramanian Sundaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamuna_Krishnan" title="Yamuna Krishnan">Yamuna Krishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavirayani_Ramakrishna_Prasad" title="Kavirayani Ramakrishna Prasad">Kavirayani Ramakrishna Prasad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean and Planetary Sciences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shankar_Doraiswamy" title="Shankar Doraiswamy">Shankar Doraiswamy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engineering Sciences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roddam_Narasimha" title="Roddam Narasimha">Roddam Narasimha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangalore_Anantha_Pai" title="Mangalore Anantha Pai">Mangalore Anantha Pai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udipi_Ramachandra_Rao" class="mw-redirect" title="Udipi Ramachandra Rao">Udipi Ramachandra Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallampadugai_Srinivasa_Raghavan_Arunachalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Vallampadugai Srinivasa Raghavan Arunachalam">Vallampadugai Srinivasa Raghavan Arunachalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipankar_Banerjee_(metallurgist)" title="Dipankar Banerjee (metallurgist)">Dipankar Banerjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atul_Chokshi" title="Atul Chokshi">Atul Chokshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giridhar_Madras" title="Giridhar Madras">Giridhar Madras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayant_Haritsa" title="Jayant Haritsa">Jayant Haritsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._Ravishankar" title="N. Ravishankar">N. Ravishankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkata_Padmanabhan" title="Venkata Padmanabhan">Venkata Padmanabhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neelesh_B._Mehta" title="Neelesh B. Mehta">Neelesh B. Mehta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mathematical Sciences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siva_Athreya" title="Siva Athreya">Siva Athreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calyampudi_Radhakrishna_Rao" class="mw-redirect" title="Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao">Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudumbai_Seshachalu_Narasimhan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mudumbai Seshachalu Narasimhan">Mudumbai Seshachalu Narasimhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrikrishna_Gopalrao_Dani" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrikrishna Gopalrao Dani">Shrikrishna Gopalrao Dani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyakal_Nanjundiah_Venkataramana" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyakal Nanjundiah Venkataramana">Tyakal Nanjundiah Venkataramana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasudevan_Srinivas" title="Vasudevan Srinivas">Vasudevan Srinivas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sujatha_Ramdorai" title="Sujatha Ramdorai">Sujatha Ramdorai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaushal_Kumar_Verma" title="Kaushal Kumar Verma">Kaushal Kumar Verma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Sandeep" title="K. Sandeep">K. Sandeep</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medical Sciences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuggehalli_Raghuveer_Moudgal" title="Nuggehalli Raghuveer Moudgal">Nuggehalli Raghuveer Moudgal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perdur_Radhakantha_Adiga" title="Perdur Radhakantha Adiga">Perdur Radhakantha Adiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._N._Rangarajan" title="P. N. Rangarajan">P. N. Rangarajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Narayanaswamy_Balaji" title="K. Narayanaswamy Balaji">K. Narayanaswamy Balaji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Physical Sciences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Ramanna" title="Raja Ramanna">Raja Ramanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narasimhaiengar_Mukunda" title="Narasimhaiengar Mukunda">Narasimhaiengar Mukunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._V._Madhusudana" title="N. V. Madhusudana">N. V. Madhusudana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._M._Jayannavar" title="A. M. Jayannavar">A. M. Jayannavar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sriram_Ramaswamy" title="Sriram Ramaswamy">Sriram Ramaswamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avinash_Deshpande" title="Avinash Deshpande">Avinash Deshpande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madan_Rao" title="Madan Rao">Madan Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srikanth_Sastry" title="Srikanth Sastry">Srikanth Sastry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhishek_Dhar" title="Abhishek Dhar">Abhishek Dhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umesh_Waghmare" title="Umesh Waghmare">Umesh Waghmare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arindam_Ghosh_(physicist)" title="Arindam Ghosh (physicist)">Arindam Ghosh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>(*)By birth - (#)By ethnicity - (!)By domicile</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Recipients_of_Bharat_Ratna_Award91" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bharat_Ratna" title="Template:Bharat Ratna"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bharat_Ratna" title="Template talk:Bharat Ratna"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bharat_Ratna" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bharat Ratna"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recipients_of_Bharat_Ratna_Award91" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Recipients of <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Ratna" title="Bharat Ratna">Bharat Ratna</a> Award</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1954–1960</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C._Rajagopalachari" title="C. Rajagopalachari">C. Rajagopalachari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan" title="Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan">Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/C._V._Raman" title="C. V. Raman">C. V. Raman</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagwan_Das" title="Bhagwan Das">Bhagwan Das</a>, <a href="/wiki/M._Visvesvaraya" title="M. Visvesvaraya">M. Visvesvaraya</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govind_Ballabh_Pant" title="Govind Ballabh Pant">Govind Ballabh Pant</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhondo_Keshav_Karve" title="Dhondo Keshav Karve">Dhondo Keshav Karve</a> (1958)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1961–1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bidhan_Chandra_Roy" title="Bidhan Chandra Roy">Bidhan Chandra Roy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Purushottam_Das_Tandon" title="Purushottam Das Tandon">Purushottam Das Tandon</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Prasad" title="Rajendra Prasad">Rajendra Prasad</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakir_Husain_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zakir Husain (politician)">Zakir Husain</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pandurang_Vaman_Kane" title="Pandurang Vaman Kane">Pandurang Vaman Kane</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._V._Giri" title="V. V. Giri">V. V. Giri</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Kamaraj" title="K. Kamaraj">K. Kamaraj</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Mother Teresa</a> (1980)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vinoba_Bhave" title="Vinoba Bhave">Vinoba Bhave</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ghaffar_Khan" title="Abdul Ghaffar Khan">Abdul Ghaffar Khan</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._G._Ramachandran" title="M. G. Ramachandran">M. G. Ramachandran</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">B. R. Ambedkar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vallabhbhai_Patel" title="Vallabhbhai Patel">Vallabhbhai Patel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai">Morarji Desai</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Kalam_Azad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul Kalam Azad">Abul Kalam Azad</a>, <a href="/wiki/J._R._D._Tata" title="J. R. D. Tata">J. R. D. Tata</a> and <a href="/wiki/Satyajit_Ray" title="Satyajit Ray">Satyajit Ray</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulzarilal_Nanda" title="Gulzarilal Nanda">Gulzarilal Nanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aruna_Asaf_Ali" title="Aruna Asaf Ali">Aruna Asaf Ali</a>, and <a href="/wiki/A._P._J._Abdul_Kalam" title="A. P. J. Abdul Kalam">A. P. J. Abdul Kalam</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Subbulakshmi" title="M. S. Subbulakshmi">M. S. Subbulakshmi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/C._Subramaniam" class="mw-redirect" title="C. Subramaniam">C. Subramaniam</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayaprakash_Narayan" title="Jayaprakash Narayan">Jayaprakash Narayan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Amartya Sen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gopinath_Bordoloi" title="Gopinath Bordoloi">Gopinath Bordoloi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar" title="Ravi Shankar">Ravi Shankar</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lata_Mangeshkar" title="Lata Mangeshkar">Lata Mangeshkar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bismillah_Khan" title="Bismillah Khan">Bismillah Khan</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhimsen_Joshi" title="Bhimsen Joshi">Bhimsen Joshi</a> (2008)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">C. N. R. Rao</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sachin_Tendulkar" title="Sachin Tendulkar">Sachin Tendulkar</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Madan_Mohan_Malaviya" title="Madan Mohan Malaviya">Madan Mohan Malaviya</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanaji_Deshmukh" title="Nanaji Deshmukh">Nanaji Deshmukh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhupen_Hazarika" title="Bhupen Hazarika">Bhupen Hazarika</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021–2040</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karpoori_Thakur" title="Karpoori Thakur">Karpoori Thakur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lal_Krishna_Advani" class="mw-redirect" title="Lal Krishna Advani">Lal Krishna Advani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charan_Singh" title="Charan Singh">Charan Singh</a>, <a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a>, and <a href="/wiki/M._S._Swaminathan" title="M. S. Swaminathan">M. S. Swaminathan</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Recipients_of_Padma_Vibhushan550" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Padma_Vibhushan_Awards" title="Template:Padma Vibhushan Awards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Padma_Vibhushan_Awards" title="Template talk:Padma Vibhushan Awards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Padma_Vibhushan_Awards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Padma Vibhushan Awards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recipients_of_Padma_Vibhushan550" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Vibhushan_award_recipients" title="List of Padma Vibhushan award recipients">Recipients</a> of <a href="/wiki/Padma_Vibhushan" title="Padma Vibhushan">Padma Vibhushan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;">Arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0;line-height:1.3em; white-space:normal;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ebrahim_Alkazi" title="Ebrahim Alkazi">Ebrahim Alkazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishori_Amonkar" title="Kishori Amonkar">Kishori Amonkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabha_Atre" title="Prabha Atre">Prabha Atre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amitabh_Bachchan" title="Amitabh Bachchan">Amitabh Bachchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teejan_Bai" title="Teejan Bai">Teejan Bai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Balamuralikrishna" title="M. Balamuralikrishna">M. Balamuralikrishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balasaraswati" title="Balasaraswati">T. Balasaraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._P._Balasubrahmanyam" title="S. P. Balasubrahmanyam">S. P. Balasubrahmanyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asha_Bhosle" title="Asha Bhosle">Asha Bhosle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandalal_Bose" title="Nandalal Bose">Nandalal Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hariprasad_Chaurasia" title="Hariprasad Chaurasia">Hariprasad Chaurasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiranjeevi" title="Chiranjeevi">Chiranjeevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girija_Devi" title="Girija Devi">Girija Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumar_Gandharva" title="Kumar Gandharva">Kumar Gandharva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoor_Gopalakrishnan" title="Adoor Gopalakrishnan">Adoor Gopalakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satish_Gujral" title="Satish Gujral">Satish Gujral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangubai_Hangal" title="Gangubai Hangal">Gangubai Hangal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhupen_Hazarika" title="Bhupen Hazarika">Bhupen Hazarika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._F._Husain" title="M. F. Husain">M. F. Husain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakir_Hussain_(musician)" title="Zakir Hussain (musician)">Zakir Hussain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilaiyaraaja" title="Ilaiyaraaja">Ilaiyaraaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semmangudi_Srinivasa_Iyer" title="Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer">Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhimsen_Joshi" title="Bhimsen Joshi">Bhimsen Joshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Akbar_Khan" title="Ali Akbar Khan">Ali Akbar Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amjad_Ali_Khan" title="Amjad Ali Khan">Amjad Ali Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allauddin_Khan" title="Allauddin Khan">Allauddin Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismillah_Khan" title="Bismillah Khan">Bismillah Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Mustafa_Khan_(singer)" title="Ghulam Mustafa Khan (singer)">Ghulam Mustafa Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamini_Krishnamurthy" title="Yamini Krishnamurthy">Yamini Krishnamurthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilip_Kumar" title="Dilip Kumar">Dilip Kumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumudini_Lakhia" title="Kumudini Lakhia">Kumudini Lakhia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._K._Laxman" title="R. K. Laxman">R. K. Laxman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birju_Maharaj" title="Birju Maharaj">Birju Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishan_Maharaj" title="Kishan Maharaj">Kishan Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lata_Mangeshkar" title="Lata Mangeshkar">Lata Mangeshkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonal_Mansingh" title="Sonal Mansingh">Sonal Mansingh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallikarjun_Mansur" title="Mallikarjun Mansur">Mallikarjun Mansur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zubin_Mehta" title="Zubin Mehta">Zubin Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Miranda" title="Mario Miranda">Mario Miranda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhannulal_Mishra" title="Chhannulal Mishra">Chhannulal Mishra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelucharan_Mohapatra" title="Kelucharan Mohapatra">Kelucharan Mohapatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghunath_Mohapatra" title="Raghunath Mohapatra">Raghunath Mohapatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasraj" title="Jasraj">Jasraj Motiram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benode_Behari_Mukherjee" title="Benode Behari Mukherjee">Benode Behari Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrishikesh_Mukherjee" title="Hrishikesh Mukherjee">Hrishikesh Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajinikanth" title="Rajinikanth">Rajinikanth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Narayan" title="Ram Narayan">Ram Narayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._K._Pattammal" title="D. K. Pattammal">D. K. Pattammal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Shankar_Pillai" title="K. Shankar Pillai">K. Shankar Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balwant_Moreshwar_Purandare" class="mw-redirect" title="Balwant Moreshwar Purandare">Balwant Moreshwar Purandare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akkineni_Nageswara_Rao" title="Akkineni Nageswara Rao">Akkineni Nageswara Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaloji_Narayana_Rao" title="Kaloji Narayana Rao">Kaloji Narayana Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyajit_Ray" title="Satyajit Ray">Satyajit Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._H._Raza" title="S. H. Raza">S. H. Raza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zohra_Sehgal" title="Zohra Sehgal">Zohra Sehgal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uday_Shankar" title="Uday Shankar">Uday Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar" title="Ravi Shankar">Ravi Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Shantaram" title="V. Shantaram">V. Shantaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivkumar_Sharma" title="Shivkumar Sharma">Shivkumar Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharda_Sinha" title="Sharda Sinha">Sharda Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umayalpuram_K._Sivaraman" title="Umayalpuram K. Sivaraman">Umayalpuram K. Sivaraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Subbulakshmi" title="M. S. Subbulakshmi">M. S. Subbulakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Subramaniam" title="L. Subramaniam">L. Subramaniam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._G._Subramanyan" title="K. G. Subramanyan">K. G. Subramanyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapila_Vatsyayan" title="Kapila Vatsyayan">Kapila Vatsyayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homai_Vyarawalla" title="Homai Vyarawalla">Homai Vyarawalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._J._Yesudas" title="K. J. Yesudas">K. J. Yesudas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;">Civil service</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0;line-height:1.3em; white-space:normal;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bimala_Prasad_Chaliha" title="Bimala Prasad Chaliha">Bimala Prasad Chaliha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naresh_Chandra" title="Naresh Chandra">Naresh Chandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._N._Chaturvedi" title="T. N. Chaturvedi">T. N. Chaturvedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayanto_Nath_Chaudhuri" title="Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri">Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suranjan_Das" title="Suranjan Das">Suranjan Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajeshwar_Dayal" title="Rajeshwar Dayal">Rajeshwar Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basanti_Devi" title="Basanti Devi">Basanti Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._N._Dhar" title="P. N. Dhar">P. N. Dhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotindra_Nath_Dixit" title="Jyotindra Nath Dixit">Jyotindra Nath Dixit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Gill" title="M. S. Gill">M. S. Gill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Mohamad_Ibrahim" title="Hafiz Mohamad Ibrahim">Hafiz Mohamad Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._V._R._Iyengar" class="mw-redirect" title="H. V. R. Iyengar">H. V. R. Iyengar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhola_Nath_Jha" title="Bhola Nath Jha">Bhola Nath Jha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._S._Joshi" title="D. S. Joshi">Dattatraya Shridhar Joshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajudhiya_Nath_Khosla" title="Ajudhiya Nath Khosla">Ajudhiya Nath Khosla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rai_Krishnadasa" title="Rai Krishnadasa">Rai Krishnadasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Krishnamurthy" title="V. Krishnamurthy">V. Krishnamurthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramasiva_Prabhakar_Kumaramangalam" title="Paramasiva Prabhakar Kumaramangalam">P. Prabhakar Kumaramangalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratap_Chandra_Lal" title="Pratap Chandra Lal">Pratap Chandra Lal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._B._Lall" title="K. B. Lall">K. B. Lall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Manekshaw" title="Sam Manekshaw">Sam Manekshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om_Prakash_Mehra" title="Om Prakash Mehra">Om Prakash Mehra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Sinha_Mehta" title="Mohan Sinha Mehta">Mohan Sinha Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._G._K._Menon" title="M. G. K. Menon">M. G. K. Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brajesh_Mishra" title="Brajesh Mishra">Brajesh Mishra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumati_Morarjee" title="Sumati Morarjee">Sumati Morarjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcot_Ramasamy_Mudaliar" title="Arcot Ramasamy Mudaliar">A. Ramasamy Mudaliar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardarilal_Mathradas_Nanda" title="Sardarilal Mathradas Nanda">Sardarilal Mathradas Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakravarthi_V._Narasimhan" title="Chakravarthi V. Narasimhan">Chakravarthi V. Narasimhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braj_Kumar_Nehru" title="Braj Kumar Nehru">Braj Kumar Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._D._Pande" title="B. D. Pande">Bhairab Dutt Pande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghananand_Pande" title="Ghananand Pande">Ghananand Pande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijaya_Lakshmi_Pandit" title="Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit">Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._V._Rajeswar" title="T. V. Rajeswar">T. V. Rajeswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._R._Krishnaswamy_Rao" class="mw-redirect" title="C. R. Krishnaswamy Rao">C. R. Krishnaswamy Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._V._R._Rao" title="P. V. R. Rao">Pattadakal Venkanna R. Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._K._R._Varadaraja_Rao" class="mw-redirect" title="V. K. R. Varadaraja Rao">V. K. R. V. Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bipin_Rawat" title="Bipin Rawat">Bipin Rawat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khusro_Faramurz_Rustamji" title="Khusro Faramurz Rustamji">Khusro Faramurz Rustamji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harish_Chandra_Sarin" title="Harish Chandra Sarin">Harish Chandra Sarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binay_Ranjan_Sen" title="Binay Ranjan Sen">Binay Ranjan Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homi_Sethna" title="Homi Sethna">Homi Sethna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjan_Singh" title="Arjan Singh">Arjan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbaksh_Singh" title="Harbaksh Singh">Harbaksh Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Kirpal_Singh_Ji_Maharaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Sant Kirpal Singh Ji Maharaj">Kirpal Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarlok_Singh_(economist)" title="Tarlok Singh (economist)">Tarlok Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lallan_Prasad_Singh" title="Lallan Prasad Singh">Lallan Prasad Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._Sivaraman" title="B. Sivaraman">Balaram Sivaraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrika_Prasad_Srivastava" title="Chandrika Prasad Srivastava">Chandrika Prasad Srivastava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Swaminathan" title="T. Swaminathan">T. Swaminathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Shridhar_Vaidya" title="Arun Shridhar Vaidya">Arun Shridhar Vaidya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma_Vira" title="Dharma Vira">Dharma Vira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narinder_Nath_Vohra" title="Narinder Nath Vohra">Narinder Nath Vohra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;">Literature and <br />education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0;line-height:1.3em; white-space:normal;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V._S._R._Arunachalam" title="V. S. R. Arunachalam">V. S. R. Arunachalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagdish_Bhagwati" title="Jagdish Bhagwati">Jagdish Bhagwati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyendra_Nath_Bose" title="Satyendra Nath Bose">Satyendra Nath Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tara_Chand_(archaeologist)" title="Tara Chand (archaeologist)">Tara Chand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suniti_Kumar_Chatterji" title="Suniti Kumar Chatterji">Suniti Kumar Chatterji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._P._Chattopadhyaya" title="D. P. Chattopadhyaya">D. P. Chattopadhyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhabatosh_Datta" title="Bhabatosh Datta">Bhabatosh Datta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avinash_Dixit" title="Avinash Dixit">Avinash Dixit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahasweta_Devi" title="Mahasweta Devi">Mahasweta Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kenneth_Galbraith" title="John Kenneth Galbraith">John Kenneth Galbraith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvepalli_Gopal" title="Sarvepalli Gopal">Sarvepalli Gopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshman_Shastri_Joshi" title="Lakshman Shastri Joshi">Lakshman Shastri Joshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaka_Kalelkar" title="Kaka Kalelkar">Kaka Kalelkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhondo_Keshav_Karve" title="Dhondo Keshav Karve">Dhondo Keshav Karve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopinath_Kaviraj" title="Gopinath Kaviraj">Gopinath Kaviraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radheshyam_Khemka" title="Radheshyam Khemka">Radheshyam Khemka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuvempu" title="Kuvempu">Kuvempu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O._N._V._Kurup" title="O. N. V. Kurup">O. N. V. Kurup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasanta_Chandra_Mahalanobis" title="Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis">Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitakant_Mahapatra" title="Sitakant Mahapatra">Sitakant Mahapatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mathai" class="mw-redirect" title="John Mathai">John Mathai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotha_Satchidananda_Murthy" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotha Satchidananda Murthy">Kotha Satchidananda Murthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giani_Gurmukh_Singh_Musafir" class="mw-redirect" title="Giani Gurmukh Singh Musafir">Giani Gurmukh Singh Musafir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basanti_Dulal_Nagchaudhuri" title="Basanti Dulal Nagchaudhuri">Basanti Dulal Nagchaudhuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._T._Vasudevan_Nair" title="M. T. Vasudevan Nair">M. T. Vasudevan Nair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Ram_Nanda" title="Bal Ram Nanda">Bal Ram Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._K._Narayan" title="R. K. Narayan">R. K. Narayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Parameswaran" title="P. Parameswaran">P. Parameswaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amrita_Pritam" title="Amrita Pritam">Amrita Pritam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._N._Raj" title="K. N. Raj">K. N. Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Rangarajan" title="C. Rangarajan">C. Rangarajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Rao" title="Raja Rao">Raja Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramoji_Rao" title="Ramoji Rao">Ramoji Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hormasji_Maneckji_Seervai" title="Hormasji Maneckji Seervai">Hormasji Maneckji Seervai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajaram_Shastri" title="Rajaram Shastri">Rajaram Shastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._L._Shrimali" title="K. L. Shrimali">Kalu Lal Shrimali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govindbhai_Shroff" title="Govindbhai Shroff">Govindbhai Shroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khushwant_Singh" title="Khushwant Singh">Khushwant Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandeshwar_Prasad_Narayan_Singh" title="Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh">Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premlila_Vithaldas_Thackersey" title="Premlila Vithaldas Thackersey">Premlila Vithaldas Thackersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadevi_Varma" title="Mahadevi Varma">Mahadevi Varma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashir_Hussain_Zaidi" title="Bashir Hussain Zaidi">Bashir Hussain Zaidi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;">Medicine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0;line-height:1.3em; white-space:normal;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jasbir_Singh_Bajaj" title="Jasbir Singh Bajaj">Jasbir Singh Bajaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._K._Goyal" title="B. K. Goyal">B. K. Goyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purshotam_Lal" title="Purshotam Lal">Purshotam Lal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Lakshmanaswami_Mudaliar" title="A. Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar">A. Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._I._Padmavati" title="S. I. Padmavati">S. I. Padmavati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autar_Singh_Paintal" title="Autar Singh Paintal">Autar Singh Paintal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._Nageshwara_Reddy" class="mw-redirect" title="D. Nageshwara Reddy">D. Nageshwara Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kantilal_Hastimal_Sancheti" title="Kantilal Hastimal Sancheti">Kantilal Hastimal Sancheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balu_Sankaran" title="Balu Sankaran">Balu Sankaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Shanta" title="V. Shanta">V. Shanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithal_Nagesh_Shirodkar" title="Vithal Nagesh Shirodkar">Vithal Nagesh Shirodkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prakash_Narain_Tandon" title="Prakash Narain Tandon">Prakash Narain Tandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brihaspati_Dev_Triguna" title="Brihaspati Dev Triguna">Brihaspati Dev Triguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Valiathan" title="M. S. Valiathan">M. S. Valiathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilip_Mahalanabis" title="Dilip Mahalanabis">Dilip Mahalanabis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0;line-height:1.3em; white-space:normal;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunderlal_Bahuguna" title="Sunderlal Bahuguna">Sunderlal Bahuguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._K._S._Iyengar" title="B. K. S. Iyengar">B. K. S. Iyengar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rambhadracharya" title="Rambhadracharya">Rambhadracharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar_(spiritual_leader)" title="Ravi Shankar (spiritual leader)">Ravi Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishwesha_Teertha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishwesha Teertha">Vishwesha Teertha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaggi_Vasudev" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaggi Vasudev">Jaggi Vasudev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._V._Doshi" title="B. V. Doshi">B. V. Doshi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;">Public affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0;line-height:1.3em; white-space:normal;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">L. K. Advani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montek_Singh_Ahluwalia" title="Montek Singh Ahluwalia">Montek Singh Ahluwalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruna_Asaf_Ali" title="Aruna Asaf Ali">Aruna Asaf Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazal_Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Fazal Ali">Fazal Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adarsh_Sein_Anand" title="Adarsh Sein Anand">Adarsh Sein Anand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhav_Shrihari_Aney" title="Madhav Shrihari Aney">Madhav Shrihari Aney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkash_Singh_Badal" title="Parkash Singh Badal">Parkash Singh Badal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikander_Bakht" title="Sikander Bakht">Sikander Bakht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milon_K._Banerji" title="Milon K. Banerji">Milon K. Banerji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Hameedullah_Beg" title="Mirza Hameedullah Beg">Mirza Hameedullah Beg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._N._Bhagwati" title="P. N. Bhagwati">P. N. Bhagwati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Chelliah" title="Raja Chelliah">Raja Chelliah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._K._Daphtary" title="C. K. Daphtary">Chandra Kisan Daphtary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niren_De" title="Niren De">Niren De</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._D._Deshmukh" title="C. D. Deshmukh">C. D. Deshmukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Lancelot_Dias" title="Anthony Lancelot Dias">Anthony Lancelot Dias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uma_Shankar_Dikshit" title="Uma Shankar Dikshit">Uma Shankar Dikshit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazi_Lhendup_Dorjee" title="Kazi Lhendup Dorjee">Kazi Lhendup Dorjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Fernandes" title="George Fernandes">George Fernandes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._B._Gajendragadkar" title="P. B. Gajendragadkar">P. B. Gajendragadkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gilman" title="Benjamin Gilman">Benjamin Gilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%C3%AFl_Omar_Guelleh" title="Ismaïl Omar Guelleh">Ismaïl Omar Guelleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakir_Husain_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zakir Husain (politician)">Zakir Husain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._R._Krishna_Iyer" title="V. R. Krishna Iyer">V. R. Krishna Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagmohan" title="Jagmohan">Jagmohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi_Chand_Jain" title="Lakshmi Chand Jain">Lakshmi Chand Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Jaitley" title="Arun Jaitley">Arun Jaitley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aditya_Nath_Jha" title="Aditya Nath Jha">Aditya Nath Jha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murli_Manohar_Joshi" title="Murli Manohar Joshi">Murli Manohar Joshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anerood_Jugnauth" title="Anerood Jugnauth">Anerood Jugnauth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehdi_Nawaz_Jung" title="Mehdi Nawaz Jung">Mehdi Nawaz Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Yavar_Jung" title="Ali Yavar Jung">Ali Yavar Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijay_Kelkar" title="Vijay Kelkar">Vijay Kelkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Raj_Khanna" title="Hans Raj Khanna">Hans Raj Khanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._N._Khare" title="V. N. Khare">V. N. Khare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagdish_Singh_Khehar" title="Jagdish Singh Khehar">Jagdish Singh Khehar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._G._Kher" title="B. G. Kher">Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhlaqur_Rahman_Kidwai" title="Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai">Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jivraj_Narayan_Mehta" title="Jivraj Narayan Mehta">Jivraj Narayan Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._K._Krishna_Menon" title="V. K. Krishna Menon">V. K. Krishna Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirendranath_Mukherjee" title="Hirendranath Mukherjee">Hirendranath Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajoy_Mukherjee" title="Ajoy Mukherjee">Ajoy Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmaja_Naidu" title="Padmaja Naidu">Padmaja Naidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkaiah_Naidu" title="Venkaiah Naidu">Venkaiah Naidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulzarilal_Nanda" title="Gulzarilal Nanda">Gulzarilal Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govind_Narain" title="Govind Narain">Govind Narain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fali_Sam_Nariman" title="Fali Sam Nariman">Fali Sam Nariman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosei_Norota" title="Hosei Norota">Hosei Norota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanabhoy_Palkhivala" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanabhoy Palkhivala">Nanabhoy Palkhivala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Parasaran" title="K. Parasaran">K. Parasaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hari_Vinayak_Pataskar" title="Hari Vinayak Pataskar">Hari Vinayak Pataskar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunder_Lal_Patwa" title="Sunder Lal Patwa">Sunder Lal Patwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharad_Pawar" title="Sharad Pawar">Sharad Pawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._R._Pillai" title="N. R. Pillai">Naryana Raghvan Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Prakasa" title="Sri Prakasa">Sri Prakasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._G._Ranga" title="N. G. Ranga">N. G. Ranga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Narayana_Reddy" title="Ravi Narayana Reddy">Ravi Narayana Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y._Venugopal_Reddy" class="mw-redirect" title="Y. Venugopal Reddy">Y. Venugopal Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Mohammed_Sadiq" title="Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq">Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi_Sahgal" title="Lakshmi Sahgal">Lakshmi Sahgal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._A._Sangma" title="P. A. Sangma">P. A. Sangma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._C._Setalvad" title="M. C. Setalvad">M. C. Setalvad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalyan_Singh" title="Kalyan Singh">Kalyan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karan_Singh" title="Karan Singh">Karan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagendra_Singh" title="Nagendra Singh">Nagendra Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaran_Singh" title="Swaran Singh">Swaran Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Sisulu" title="Walter Sisulu">Walter Sisulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soli_Sorabjee" title="Soli Sorabjee">Soli Sorabjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalyan_Sundaram" title="Kalyan Sundaram">Kalyan Sundaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushma_Swaraj" title="Sushma Swaraj">Sushma Swaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandulal_Madhavlal_Trivedi" title="Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi">Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._N._Venkatachaliah" title="M. N. Venkatachaliah">M. N. Venkatachaliah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._K._Venugopal" title="K. K. Venugopal">Kottayan Katankot Venugopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jigme_Dorji_Wangchuck" title="Jigme Dorji Wangchuck">Jigme Dorji Wangchuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._M._Krishna" title="S. M. Krishna">S. M. Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulayam_Singh_Yadav" title="Mulayam Singh Yadav">Mulayam Singh Yadav</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;">Science and <br />engineering</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0;line-height:1.3em; white-space:normal;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V._K._Aatre" title="V. K. Aatre">V. K. Aatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salim_Ali" title="Salim Ali">Salim Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Norman Borlaug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajagopala_Chidambaram" title="Rajagopala Chidambaram">Rajagopala Chidambaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Correa" title="Charles Correa">Charles Correa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satish_Dhawan" title="Satish Dhawan">Satish Dhawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anil_Kakodkar" title="Anil Kakodkar">Anil Kakodkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._P._J._Abdul_Kalam" title="A. P. J. Abdul Kalam">A. P. J. Abdul Kalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaswamy_Kasturirangan" title="Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan">Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Har Gobind Khorana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daulat_Singh_Kothari" title="Daulat Singh Kothari">Daulat Singh Kothari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verghese_Kurien" title="Verghese Kurien">Verghese Kurien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghunath_Anant_Mashelkar" title="Raghunath Anant Mashelkar">Raghunath Anant Mashelkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Madhavan_Nair" title="G. Madhavan Nair">G. Madhavan Nair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roddam_Narasimha" title="Roddam Narasimha">Roddam Narasimha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayant_Narlikar" title="Jayant Narlikar">Jayant Narlikar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_K._Pachauri" title="Rajendra K. Pachauri">Rajendra K. Pachauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Peary_Pal" title="Benjamin Peary Pal">Benjamin Peary Pal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yash_Pal" title="Yash Pal">Yash Pal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._G._Patel" title="I. G. Patel">I. G. Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" class="mw-redirect" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan">Venkatraman Ramakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._R._Ramanathan" title="K. R. Ramanathan">K. R. Ramanathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Ramanna" title="Raja Ramanna">Raja Ramanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._R._Rao" title="C. R. Rao">C. R. Rao</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">C. N. R. Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palle_Rama_Rao" title="Palle Rama Rao">Palle Rama Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udupi_Ramachandra_Rao" title="Udupi Ramachandra Rao">Udupi Ramachandra Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Sarabhai" title="Vikram Sarabhai">Vikram Sarabhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_Mohan_Sharma" title="Man Mohan Sharma">Man Mohan Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obaid_Siddiqi" title="Obaid Siddiqi">Obaid Siddiqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Sreedharan" title="E. Sreedharan">E. Sreedharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._R._Srinivasan" title="M. R. Srinivasan">M. R. Srinivasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._C._George_Sudarshan" title="E. C. George Sudarshan">George Sudarshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Swaminathan" title="M. S. Swaminathan">M. S. Swaminathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narinder_Singh_Kapany" title="Narinder Singh Kapany">Narinder Singh Kapany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._R._Srinivasa_Varadhan" title="S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan">S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;">Social work</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0;line-height:1.3em; white-space:normal;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Amte" title="Baba Amte">Baba Amte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandurang_Shastri_Athavale" title="Pandurang Shastri Athavale">Pandurang Shastri Athavale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janaki_Devi_Bajaj" title="Janaki Devi Bajaj">Janaki Devi Bajaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirabehn" title="Mirabehn">Mirabehn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamaladevi_Chattopadhyay" title="Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay">Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durgabai_Deshmukh" title="Durgabai Deshmukh">Durgabai Deshmukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanaji_Deshmukh" title="Nanaji Deshmukh">Nanaji Deshmukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmala_Deshpande" title="Nirmala Deshpande">Nirmala Deshpande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Dharia" title="Mohan Dharia">Mohan Dharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U._N._Dhebar" title="U. N. Dhebar">U. N. Dhebar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerian_Gracias" title="Valerian Gracias">Valerian Gracias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veerendra_Heggade" title="Veerendra Heggade">Veerendra Heggade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Clubwala_Jadhav" title="Mary Clubwala Jadhav">Mary Clubwala Jadhav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaganvihari_Lallubhai_Mehta" title="Gaganvihari Lallubhai Mehta">Gaganvihari Lallubhai Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usha_Mehta" title="Usha Mehta">Usha Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmala_Joshi" title="Nirmala Joshi">Sister Nirmala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellie_Sengupta" title="Nellie Sengupta">Nellie Sengupta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0;line-height:1.3em; white-space:normal;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viswanathan_Anand" title="Viswanathan Anand">Viswanathan Anand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Hillary" title="Edmund Hillary">Edmund Hillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Kom" title="Mary Kom">Mary Kom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachin_Tendulkar" title="Sachin Tendulkar">Sachin Tendulkar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;">Trade and industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0;line-height:1.3em; white-space:normal;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhirubhai_Ambani" title="Dhirubhai Ambani">Dhirubhai Ambani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._D._Birla" title="G. D. Birla">Ghanshyam Das Birla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashok_Sekhar_Ganguly" title="Ashok Sekhar Ganguly">Ashok Sekhar Ganguly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_IV" title="Aga Khan IV">Karim Al Hussaini Aga Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi_Mittal" title="Lakshmi Mittal">Lakshmi Mittal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anil_Manibhai_Naik" class="mw-redirect" title="Anil Manibhai Naik">Anil Manibhai Naik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._R._Narayana_Murthy" title="N. R. Narayana Murthy">N. R. Narayana Murthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Narasimham" title="M. Narasimham">M. Narasimham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prithvi_Raj_Singh_Oberoi" title="Prithvi Raj Singh Oberoi">Prithvi Raj Singh Oberoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azim_Premji" title="Azim Premji">Azim Premji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prathap_C._Reddy" title="Prathap C. Reddy">Prathap C. Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osamu_Suzuki_(businessman)" title="Osamu Suzuki (businessman)">Osamu Suzuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._R._D._Tata" title="J. R. D. Tata">J. R. D. Tata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratan_Tata" title="Ratan Tata">Ratan Tata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">Portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_awards_templates" title="Category:Indian awards templates">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_India" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject India">WikiProject</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Founding_members_of_the_World_Cultural_Council50" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Founding_members_of_the_World_Cultural_Council" title="Template:Founding members of the World Cultural Council"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Founding_members_of_the_World_Cultural_Council" title="Template talk:Founding members of the World Cultural Council"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Founding_members_of_the_World_Cultural_Council" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Founding members of the World Cultural Council"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Founding_members_of_the_World_Cultural_Council50" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Founding members of the <a href="/wiki/World_Cultural_Council" title="World Cultural Council">World Cultural Council</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_B._Anfinsen" title="Christian B. Anfinsen">Christian B. Anfinsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Arber" title="Werner Arber">Werner Arber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Baddiley" title="James Baddiley">James Baddiley</a></li> <li>M. Balasegaram</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Barnaby" title="Frank Barnaby">Frank Barnaby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Barnard" title="Christiaan Barnard">Christiaan Barnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Blakemore" title="Colin Blakemore">Colin Blakemore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aage_Bohr" title="Aage Bohr">Aage N. Bohr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Norman Borlaug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._G._Callan" title="H. G. Callan">Harold G. Callan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cournand" title="André Frédéric Cournand">André Frédéric Cournand</a></li> <li>William J. Darby</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_de_Robertis" title="Eduardo de Robertis">Eduardo de Robertis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelis_de_Jager" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornelis de Jager">Cornelis de Jager</a></li> <li>Guy Blaudin de Thé</li> <li>Jean-François Denisse</li> <li>Venancio Deulofeu</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_J._Dixon" title="Frank J. Dixon">Frank J. Dixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Doll" title="Richard Doll">Richard S. Doll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audouin_Dollfus" title="Audouin Dollfus">Audouin Dollfus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-%C3%89mile_Dubois" title="Jacques-Émile Dubois">Jacques-Émile Dubois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Durrell" title="Gerald Durrell">Gerald Durrell</a></li> <li>Francisco J. Dy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Eccles_(neurophysiologist)" title="John Eccles (neurophysiologist)">John C. Eccles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Paul_Ehrlich_Jr." title="S. Paul Ehrlich Jr.">Paul Ehrlich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Manfred Eigen</a></li> <li>Mohammed El Fasi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_L._Eliel" title="Ernest L. Eliel">Ernest L. Eliel</a></li> <li>Kenneth O. Emergy</li> <li>José Rafael Estrada</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_J._Eysenck" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans J. Eysenck">Hans J. Eysenck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_W._Fawcett" title="Don W. Fawcett">Don W. Fawcett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._J._Finney" title="D. J. Finney">David J. Finney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Val L. Fitch</a></li> <li>Carl G. Gahmberg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hershey" title="Alfred Hershey">Alfred D. Hershey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Gerhard Herzberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_H._Hubel" title="David H. Hubel">David H. Hubel</a></li> <li>Osmo H. Järvi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Victor_Jones" title="Reginald Victor Jones">Reginald V. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Kantrowitz" title="Adrian Kantrowitz">Adrian Kantrowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_O._Kaplan" title="Nathan O. Kaplan">Nathan O. Kaplan</a></li> <li>Leo A. Kaprio</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vassos_Karageorghis" title="Vassos Karageorghis">Vassos Karageorghis</a></li> <li>Peter E. Kent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_William_Kerst" title="Donald William Kerst">Donald W. Kerst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seymour_S._Kety" title="Seymour S. Kety">Seymour S. Kety</a></li> <li>Prem N. Kirpal</li> <li>Georges B. Koelle</li> <li>Walther Manshard</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Math%C3%A9" title="Georges Mathé">Georges Mathé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_D._McElroy" title="William D. McElroy">William D. McElroy</a></li> <li>Henry McIlwain</li> <li>John McMichael</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerrold_Meinwald" title="Jerrold Meinwald">Jerrold Meinwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Melville_(chemist)" title="Harry Melville (chemist)">Harry Melville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Morris" title="Desmond Morris">Desmond J. Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Moruzzi" title="Giuseppe Moruzzi">Giuseppe Moruzzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" class="mw-redirect" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Nevill F. Mott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Benjamin_Mountcastle" title="Vernon Benjamin Mountcastle">Vernon B. Mountcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Mulliken" title="Robert S. Mulliken">Robert S. Mulliken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_H._Munk" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter H. Munk">Walter H. Munk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilie_G._Murgulescu" title="Ilie G. Murgulescu">Ilie G. Murgulescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayant_Narlikar" title="Jayant Narlikar">Jayant V. Narlikar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_N%C3%A9el" title="Louis Néel">Louis E. F. Néel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuval_Ne%27eman" title="Yuval Ne'eman">Yuval Ne'eman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Neumann" title="Bernhard Neumann">Bernhard H. Neumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Nierenberg" title="William Nierenberg">William A. Nierenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Warren_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Warren Nirenberg">Marshall W. Nirenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Emil_Palade" title="George Emil Palade">George E. Palade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Pardee" title="Arthur Pardee">Arthur B. Pardee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Phillips_(chemist)" title="David Phillips (chemist)">David Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Piccard" title="Jacques Piccard">Jacques Piccard</a></li> <li>Jens J. 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Saunders</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menahem_Max_Schiffer" title="Menahem Max Schiffer">Menahem Max Schiffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_G._Schneider" title="William G. Schneider">William G. Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn T. Seaborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Robert_Sears" title="Ernest Robert Sears">Ernest R. Sears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Seitz" title="Frederick Seitz">Frederick Seitz</a></li> <li>Leonard T. Skeggs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_%C5%9Alopek" title="Stefan Ślopek">Stefan Ślopek</a></li> <li>George J. Smets</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Davis_Snell" title="George Davis Snell">George D. Snell</a></li> <li>Leonard Sosnowky</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Wolcott_Sperry" title="Roger Wolcott Sperry">Roger W. 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