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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>In Judaism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>In Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arts,_entertainment,_and_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts,_entertainment,_and_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Arts, entertainment, and media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts,_entertainment,_and_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Logos_and_mascots" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Logos_and_mascots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Logos and mascots</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Logos_and_mascots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Seraph</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%85" title="سرافيم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سرافيم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Серафим – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Серафим" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seraf%C3%AD" title="Serafí – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Serafí" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seraf" title="Seraf – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Seraf" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seraf" title="Seraf – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Seraf" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seraph" title="Seraph – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Seraph" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BC" title="Σεραφείμ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σεραφείμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seraf%C3%ADn" title="Serafín – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Serafín" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serafo" title="Serafo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Serafo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="سراف‌ها – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سراف‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9raphin_(Bible)" title="Séraphin (Bible) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Séraphin (Bible)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%98%EC%B2%9C%EC%82%AC" title="치천사 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="치천사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Սերովբեներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սերովբեներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serafini" title="Serafini – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Serafini" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serafo" title="Serafo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Serafo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serafim" title="Serafim – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Serafim" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serafino" title="Serafino – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Serafino" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%A3_(%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%9A)" title="שרף (מלאך) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שרף (מלאך)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="სერაფიმნი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სერაფიმნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serafen_(Bib)" title="Serafen (Bib) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Serafen (Bib)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seraphim" title="Seraphim – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Seraphim" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serafs" title="Serafs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Serafs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serafimas" title="Serafimas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Serafimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szer%C3%A1f" title="Szeráf – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szeráf" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Серафим – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Серафим" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serafima" title="Serafima – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Serafima" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="სერაფიმეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სერაფიმეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serafim" title="Serafim – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Serafim" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serafijn" title="Serafijn – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Serafijn" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%86%BE%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%BF" title="熾天使 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="熾天使" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serafer" title="Serafer – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Serafer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serafar" title="Serafar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Serafar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serafin_(anio%C5%82)" title="Serafin (anioł) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Serafin (anioł)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serafim" title="Serafim – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Serafim" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serafim" title="Serafim – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Serafim" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Серафимы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Серафимы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serafin" title="Serafin – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Serafin" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seraf%C3%ADn_(anjel)" title="Serafín (anjel) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Serafín (anjel)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Серафим – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Серафим" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serafini" title="Serafini – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Serafini" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serafi" title="Serafi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Serafi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seraf" title="Seraf – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Seraf" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1" title="เสราฟิม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เสราฟิม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seraf" title="Seraf – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Seraf" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BC_(%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB)" title="Серафим (янгол) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Серафим (янгол)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%86%BE%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%BF" title="熾天使 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="熾天使" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q194077#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Seraph_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Seraph (disambiguation)">Seraph (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bas_Relief,_Jerusalem_YMCA_(5503056704).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Bas_Relief%2C_Jerusalem_YMCA_%285503056704%29.jpg/220px-Bas_Relief%2C_Jerusalem_YMCA_%285503056704%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="544" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Bas_Relief%2C_Jerusalem_YMCA_%285503056704%29.jpg/330px-Bas_Relief%2C_Jerusalem_YMCA_%285503056704%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Bas_Relief%2C_Jerusalem_YMCA_%285503056704%29.jpg/440px-Bas_Relief%2C_Jerusalem_YMCA_%285503056704%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1264" data-file-height="3128" /></a><figcaption>Bas relief of a seraph <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_6" title="Isaiah 6">carrying a hot coal</a> on the walls of the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_International_YMCA" title="Jerusalem International YMCA">Jerusalem International YMCA</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>seraph</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɛr/: 'err' in 'merry'">ɛr</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr>: <b>seraphim</b> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɛr/: 'err' in 'merry'">ɛr</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: שְׂרָפִים <i>sərāp̄īm, pl. שָׂרָף sārāp̄</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Angelic_being" class="mw-redirect" title="Angelic being">celestial</a> or <a href="/wiki/Heavenly_being" class="mw-redirect" title="Heavenly being">heavenly being</a> originating in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Judaism">Ancient Judaism</a>. The term plays a role in subsequent <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. </p><p>Tradition places seraphim in the highest rank in <a href="/wiki/Christian_angelology" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian angelology">Christian angelology</a> and in the fifth rank of ten in the <a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Judaism" title="Angels in Judaism">Jewish angelic hierarchy</a>. A seminal passage in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Book of Isaiah</a> (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Isaiah#6:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Isaiah">Isaiah 6:1–8</a>) used the term to describe six-winged beings that fly around the <a href="/wiki/Throne_of_God" title="Throne of God">Throne of God</a> crying "<a href="/wiki/Trisagion" title="Trisagion">holy, holy, holy</a>". This throne scene, with its triple invocation of holiness, profoundly influenced subsequent <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theology</a>, literature and art. Its influence is frequently seen in works depicting angels, heaven and <a href="/wiki/Apotheosis" title="Apotheosis">apotheosis</a>. Seraphim are mentioned as celestial beings in the semi-canonical <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Enoch" title="Book of Enoch">Book of Enoch</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bible_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Bible canon">canonical</a> <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins_and_development">Origins and development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seraph&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins and development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Syrian_-_Slab_with_Six-Winged_Goddess_-_Walters_2116.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Syrian_-_Slab_with_Six-Winged_Goddess_-_Walters_2116.jpg/220px-Syrian_-_Slab_with_Six-Winged_Goddess_-_Walters_2116.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Syrian_-_Slab_with_Six-Winged_Goddess_-_Walters_2116.jpg/330px-Syrian_-_Slab_with_Six-Winged_Goddess_-_Walters_2116.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Syrian_-_Slab_with_Six-Winged_Goddess_-_Walters_2116.jpg/440px-Syrian_-_Slab_with_Six-Winged_Goddess_-_Walters_2116.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1252" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Ancient <a href="/wiki/Arameans" title="Arameans">Aramean</a> six-winged deity, from <a href="/wiki/Tell_Halaf" title="Tell Halaf">Tell Halaf</a> (10th century BCE)</figcaption></figure> <p>In Hebrew, the word <i>saraph</i> means "burning", and is used seven times throughout the text of the Hebrew Bible as a noun, usually to denote "<a href="/wiki/Serpents_in_the_Bible" title="Serpents in the Bible">serpent</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> twice in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Numbers" title="Book of Numbers">Book of Numbers</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> once in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Book of Deuteronomy">Book of Deuteronomy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and four times in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Book of Isaiah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reason why the word for "burning" was also used to denote a serpent is not universally agreed upon; it may be due to a certain snake species' fiery colors, or perhaps the burning sensation left by its venomous bite. Regardless, its plural form, <i>seraphim</i>, occurs in both Numbers and Isaiah, but only in Isaiah is it used to denote an angelic being; likewise, these angels are referred to <i>only</i> as the plural <i>seraphim</i> – Isaiah later uses the singular <i>saraph</i> to describe a "<a href="/wiki/Fiery_flying_serpent" title="Fiery flying serpent">fiery flying <i>serpent</i></a>", in line with the other uses of the term throughout the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Tanakh</a>. </p><p>There is emerging consensus that the motifs used to display seraphs in <a href="/wiki/Hyksos_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyksos period">Hyksos</a>-era <a href="/wiki/Caanan" class="mw-redirect" title="Caanan">Canaan</a> had their original sources in Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Uraeus" title="Uraeus">uraeus</a> iconography.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Egyptian iconography, the uraeus was used as a symbol of <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_family" title="Royal family">royalty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Divinity" title="Divinity">divinity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Divine_right_of_kings" title="Divine right of kings">divine authority</a>, and later iconography often showed uraei with wings. In the early monarchic period of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)" title="Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)">Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">Judah</a>, Egyptian motifs were evidently borrowed by the Israelites <i>en masse</i>, as a plethora of personal <a href="/wiki/Seal_(emblem)" title="Seal (emblem)">seals</a> belonging to classes ranging from commonfolk to royalty have been discovered, which incorporate several pieces of ancient Egyptian iconography, including the <a href="/wiki/Winged_sun" title="Winged sun">winged sun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ankh" title="Ankh">ankh</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Hedjet" title="Hedjet">hedjet</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Deshret" title="Deshret">deshret</a></i> crowns of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lower_Egypt" title="Lower Egypt">Lower Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scarab_(artifact)" title="Scarab (artifact)">scarabs</a>, and the uraeus cobra. These uraei often had four wings, as opposed to the Egyptian standard which only gave them two.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These images have been connected with the <i>seraphim</i> angels associated with Isaiah's visions, or perhaps more directly to the aforementioned "fiery flying serpent", but this continues to be debated – and an image of serpentine <i>seraphim</i> clashes with Isaiah's own vision, which clearly envisioned <i>seraphim</i> with heads, legs, and arms – although, on the second matter, some scholars have proposed that the covered "feet" of the seraphim should be identified as genitals, as "feet" are often used in the Hebrew Bible as a euphemism for the <a href="/wiki/Human_penis" title="Human penis">penis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The vision in <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_6" title="Isaiah 6">Isaiah Chapter 6</a> of seraphim in an idealized version of <a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">Solomon's Temple</a> represents the sole instance in the Hebrew Bible of this word being used to describe celestial beings.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "... I saw also the Lord sitting upon a throne, high and lifted up, and his train filled the temple. Above it stood the seraphim: each one had six wings; with twain he covered his face, and with twain he covered his feet, and with twain he did fly." (Isaiah 6:1–3)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> And one cried to another, "Holy, holy, holy, is YHWH of hosts: the whole earth is full of His glory." (verses 2–3)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One seraph carries out an act of <a href="/wiki/Ritual_purification" title="Ritual purification">ritual purification</a> for the prophet by touching his lips with a live coal from the altar (verses 6–7)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "And he laid it upon my mouth, and said, Lo, this hath touched thy lips; and thine iniquity is taken away, and thy sin purged." </p><p>The text describes the "seraphim" as winged celestial beings with a fiery passion for doing God's good work.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notwithstanding the wording of the text itself, at least one Hebrew scholar claims that in the Hebrew Bible the seraphim do not have the status of <a href="/wiki/Angels" class="mw-redirect" title="Angels">angels</a>, and that it is only in later sources (like <i><a href="/wiki/De_Coelesti_Hierarchia" title="De Coelesti Hierarchia">De Coelesti Hierarchia</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Summa_Theologica" title="Summa Theologica">Summa Theologiae</a></i>) that they are considered to be a division of the divine messengers.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seraphim appear in the 2nd-century BC <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Enoch" title="Book of Enoch">Book of Enoch</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where they are mentioned, in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/Cherub" title="Cherub">cherubim</a>, as the heavenly creatures standing nearest to the <a href="/wiki/Throne_of_God" title="Throne of God">throne of God</a>. In non-biblical sources they are sometimes called the <i>Akyəst</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez language">Ge'ez</a>: <span lang="gez">አክይስት</span> "serpents", "<a href="/wiki/Dragon" title="Dragon">dragons</a>"; an alternate term for <a href="/wiki/Hell" title="Hell">Hell</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Second_Book_of_Enoch" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Book of Enoch">Second Book of Enoch</a>, two classes of celestial beings are mentioned alongside the seraphim and cherubim, known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(mythology)" title="Phoenix (mythology)">phoenixes</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Chalkydri" title="Chalkydri">chalkydri</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">χαλκύδραι</span> <i>khalkýdrai</i>, compound of <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">χαλκός</span></span> <i>khalkós</i> "brass, copper" + <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ὕδρα</span></span> <i>hýdra</i> "<a href="/wiki/Lernaean_Hydra" title="Lernaean Hydra">hydra</a>", "water-serpent"—lit. "brazen hydras", "copper serpents"). Both are described as "flying elements of the sun" that reside in either the 4th or 7th heaven, who have twelve wings and burst into song at sunrise.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a> (4:4–8), the beasts are described as being forever in God's presence and praising him: "[A]nd they rest not day and night, saying, 'Holy, holy, holy, Lord God Almighty, which was, and is, and is to come.'" This account differs slightly from the account of Isaiah, stating in the eighth verse, "And the four beasts had each of them six wings about him; and they were full of eyes within". They appear also in the <a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnostic</a> text, <i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_the_World" title="On the Origin of the World">On the Origin of the World</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-NagHammadi_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NagHammadi-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Judaism">In Judaism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seraph&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In Judaism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Merkabah_mysticism" title="Merkabah mysticism">Merkabah mysticism</a></div> <p>The 12th-century scholar <a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a> placed the seraphim in the fifth of ten ranks of angels in his exposition of the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_angelic_hierarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish angelic hierarchy">Jewish angelic hierarchy</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a>, the seraphim are the higher angels of the World of <a href="/wiki/Beri%27ah" title="Beri'ah">Beriah</a> ("Creation", first created realm, divine understanding),<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whose understanding of their distance from the absolute divinity of <a href="/wiki/Atziluth" title="Atziluth">Atziluth</a> causes their continual "burning up" in <a href="/wiki/Ayin_and_Yesh" title="Ayin and Yesh">self-nullification</a>. Through this they ascend to God, and return to their place. Below them in the World of <a href="/wiki/Yetzirah" title="Yetzirah">Yetzirah</a> ("Formation", archetypal creation, divine emotions) are the <a href="/wiki/Hayot" class="mw-redirect" title="Hayot">Hayot</a> angels of <a href="/wiki/Merkabah_mysticism" title="Merkabah mysticism">Ezekiel's vision</a>, who serve God with self-aware instinctive emotions ("face of a lion, ox, eagle"). Seraphim are part of the angelarchy of modern <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox Judaism</a>. Isaiah's vision is repeated several times in daily <a href="/wiki/Jewish_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish services">Jewish services</a>, including at <a href="/wiki/Kedushah_(prayer)" title="Kedushah (prayer)">Kedushah</a> prayer as part of the repetition of the <a href="/wiki/Amidah" title="Amidah">Amidah</a>, and in several other prayers as well. <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative Judaism</a> retains the traditional doctrines regarding angels and includes references to them in the liturgy, although a literal belief in angels is by no means universal among adherents.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Adherents of <a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform Judaism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Judaism" title="Reconstructionist Judaism">Reconstructionist Judaism</a> generally take images of angels as symbolic.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A Judean seal from the 8th century BCE depicts them as flying <a href="/wiki/Asp_(snake)" title="Asp (snake)">asp (snake)</a>, yet having human characteristics, as encountered by Isaiah in his commissioning as a prophet.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Christianity">In Christianity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seraph&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seraphim_-_Petites_Heures_de_Jean_de_Berry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Seraphim_-_Petites_Heures_de_Jean_de_Berry.jpg/290px-Seraphim_-_Petites_Heures_de_Jean_de_Berry.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Seraphim_-_Petites_Heures_de_Jean_de_Berry.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="382" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Seraphim surround the divine throne in this illustration from the <i><a href="/wiki/Petites_Heures_of_Jean_de_France,_Duc_de_Berry" title="Petites Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry">Petites Heures de Jean de Berry</a></i>, a 14th-century <a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">illuminated manuscript</a>, commissioned by <a href="/wiki/John,_Duke_of_Berry" title="John, Duke of Berry">John, Duke of Berry</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giotto_-_Legend_of_St_Francis_-_-19-_-_Stigmatization_of_St_Francis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Giotto_-_Legend_of_St_Francis_-_-19-_-_Stigmatization_of_St_Francis.jpg/290px-Giotto_-_Legend_of_St_Francis_-_-19-_-_Stigmatization_of_St_Francis.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Giotto_-_Legend_of_St_Francis_-_-19-_-_Stigmatization_of_St_Francis.jpg/435px-Giotto_-_Legend_of_St_Francis_-_-19-_-_Stigmatization_of_St_Francis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Giotto_-_Legend_of_St_Francis_-_-19-_-_Stigmatization_of_St_Francis.jpg/580px-Giotto_-_Legend_of_St_Francis_-_-19-_-_Stigmatization_of_St_Francis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="658" data-file-height="744" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">St. Francis'</a> vision of a seraph (fresco attributed to <a href="/wiki/Giotto" title="Giotto">Giotto</a>) (1267–1337)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">Medieval</a> Christian <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theology</a> places seraphim in the highest choir of the angelic hierarchy. They are the caretakers of <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a>'s throne, continuously singing "holy, holy, holy". <a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Dionysius_the_Areopagite" title="Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite">Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite</a> in his <i><a href="/wiki/De_Coelesti_Hierarchia" title="De Coelesti Hierarchia">Celestial Hierarchy</a></i> (vii), drew upon the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Book of Isaiah</a> in fixing the fiery nature of seraphim in the medieval imagination. Seraphim in his view helped God maintain perfect order and are not limited to chanting the <i><a href="/wiki/Trisagion" title="Trisagion">trisagion</a></i>. Taking his cue as well from writings in the Rabbinic tradition, the author gave an etymology for the <i>Seraphim</i> as "those who kindle or make hot" </p> <blockquote><p>The name seraphim clearly indicates their ceaseless and eternal revolution about Divine Principles, their heat and keenness, the exuberance of their intense, perpetual, tireless activity, and their elevative and energetic assimilation of those below, kindling them and firing them to their own heat, and wholly purifying them by a burning and all-consuming flame; and by the unhidden, unquenchable, changeless, radiant and enlightening power, dispelling and destroying the shadows of darkness<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a> wrote in <i><a href="/wiki/On_First_Principles" class="mw-redirect" title="On First Principles">On First Principles</a></i> that the Seraphim, in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Book of Isaiah</a>, are the physical representation of the <a href="/wiki/Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ">Christ</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a>. His rationale comes from the idea that nothing "can wholly know the beginnings of all things and the ends of the universe" aside from <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a>. Origen concludes this section in writing about the Seraphim as beings that have the knowledge of God revealed to them which elevates the role of the Seraphim to divine levels: </p> <blockquote><p>Nevertheless whatever it is that these powers may have learned through the revelation of the Son of God and of the Holy Spirit-and they will certainly be able to acquire a great deal of knowledge, and the higher ones much more than the lower-still it is impossible for them to comprehend everything; for it is written, 'The more part of God's works are secret.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote><p>This quote suggests that Origen believed the Seraphim are revealed this knowledge because of their anointed status as Son of God and the Holy Spirit. He was later criticized for making such claims and labeled a heretic by the Christian church. However, his theory about the Seraphim, as referred to in <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Isaiah</a>, would be reflected in other early Christian literature, as well as early Christian belief through the second century. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a> in his <i><a href="/wiki/Summa_Theologica" title="Summa Theologica">Summa Theologiae</a></i> offers a description of the nature of seraphim: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The name "Seraphim" does not come from charity only, but from the excess of charity, expressed by the word <b>ardor</b> or <b>fire</b>. Hence Dionysius (Coel. Hier. vii) expounds the name "Seraphim" according to the properties of fire, containing an excess of heat. Now in fire we may consider three things. </p><p>First, the movement which is upwards and continuous. This signifies that they are borne inflexibly towards God. </p><p>Secondly, the active force which is "heat," which is not found in fire simply, but exists with a certain sharpness, as being of most penetrating action, and reaching even to the smallest things, and as it were, with superabundant fervor; whereby is signified the action of these angels, exercised powerfully upon those who are subject to them, rousing them to a like fervor, and cleansing them wholly by their heat. </p><p> Thirdly we consider in fire the quality of clarity, or brightness; which signifies that these angels have in themselves an inextinguishable light, and that they also perfectly enlighten others.</p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HagiaSophia_Dome_(pixinn.net).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/HagiaSophia_Dome_%28pixinn.net%29.jpg/400px-HagiaSophia_Dome_%28pixinn.net%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/HagiaSophia_Dome_%28pixinn.net%29.jpg/600px-HagiaSophia_Dome_%28pixinn.net%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/HagiaSophia_Dome_%28pixinn.net%29.jpg/800px-HagiaSophia_Dome_%28pixinn.net%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="956" /></a><figcaption>Seraphim figures in <a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia" title="Hagia Sophia">Hagia Sophia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The seraphim took on a mystic role in <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pico_della_Mirandola" title="Giovanni Pico della Mirandola">Giovanni Pico della Mirandola</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Oration_on_the_Dignity_of_Man" title="Oration on the Dignity of Man">Oration on the Dignity of Man</a></i> (1487), the epitome of <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_humanism" title="Renaissance humanism">Renaissance humanism</a>. Pico took the fiery Seraphim—"they burn with the fire of charity"—as the highest models of human aspiration: "impatient of any second place, let us emulate dignity and glory. And, if we will it, we shall be inferior to them in nothing", the young Pico announced, in the first flush of optimistic confidence in the human capacity that is the coinage of the Renaissance. "In the light of intelligence, meditating upon the Creator in His work, and the work in its Creator, we shall be resplendent with the light of the Cherubim. If we burn with love for the Creator only, his consuming fire will quickly transform us into the flaming likeness of the Seraphim." </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Franciscans" title="Franciscans">Franciscan</a> theologian who was a contemporary of Aquinas, uses the six wings of the seraph as an important analogical construct in his mystical work <i>The Journey of the Mind to God</i>. </p><p>Christian theology developed an idea of seraphim as beings of pure light who enjoy direct communication with God.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The plural form of the word, <i>seraphim</i>, was given to <a href="/wiki/Seraphim_of_Sarov" title="Seraphim of Sarov">Seraphim of Sarov</a> upon his reception into the <a href="/wiki/Sarov" title="Sarov">Sarov</a> monastery. This later inspired <a href="/wiki/Seraphim_Rose" title="Seraphim Rose">Eugene Dennis Rose</a>, a former student of <a href="/wiki/Alan_Watts" title="Alan Watts">Alan Watts</a>, to adopt the name when he also entered <a href="/wiki/Degrees_of_Eastern_Orthodox_monasticism" title="Degrees of Eastern Orthodox monasticism">Orthodox monasticism</a>, later becoming known as Fr Seraphim Rose. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Islam">In Islam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seraph&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_four_supporters_(angels)_of_the_celestial_throne_Wellcome_L0030654.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/The_four_supporters_%28angels%29_of_the_celestial_throne_Wellcome_L0030654.jpg/310px-The_four_supporters_%28angels%29_of_the_celestial_throne_Wellcome_L0030654.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="482" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/The_four_supporters_%28angels%29_of_the_celestial_throne_Wellcome_L0030654.jpg/465px-The_four_supporters_%28angels%29_of_the_celestial_throne_Wellcome_L0030654.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/The_four_supporters_%28angels%29_of_the_celestial_throne_Wellcome_L0030654.jpg/620px-The_four_supporters_%28angels%29_of_the_celestial_throne_Wellcome_L0030654.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2652" data-file-height="4125" /></a><figcaption>The four supporters (angels) of the celestial throne</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Bearers_of_the_Throne" title="Bearers of the Throne">Bearers of the Throne</a> (<i>ḥamlat al-arsh</i>) are comparable to seraphim,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> described with six wings and four faces according to tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No description of their features is given in the Quran, only that their number is eight in <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/69?startingVerse=17">69:17</a></span>. </p><p>Their affiliation is not always clear and sometimes their role is swapped with the cherubim.<sup id="cite_ref-jstor25683589_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jstor25683589-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a book called <i>Book of the Wonders of Creation and the peculiarities of Existing Things</i>, these angels rank the highest, followed by <i>the spirit</i>, the archangels and then the cherubim.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bearers of the Throne are entrusted with continuously worshipping God. Unlike the messenger angels, they remain in the heavenly realm and do not enter the world.<sup id="cite_ref-jstor25683589_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jstor25683589-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seraphim (<i>Sarufiyyun</i> or <i>Musharifin</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are directly mentioned in a <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a> from <a href="/wiki/Al-Tirmidhi" title="Al-Tirmidhi">Al-Tirmidhi</a> about a conversation between <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> and <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God</a>, during the <a href="/wiki/Isra_and_Mi%27raj" class="mw-redirect" title="Isra and Mi'raj">Night Journey</a>, concerning what is between the Heavens and the Earth, often interpreted as a reference to the "Exalted assembly" disputing the creation of <a href="/wiki/Adam_in_Islam" title="Adam in Islam">Adam</a> in <a href="/wiki/Surah" title="Surah">Surah</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%A2%C4%81d_(surah)" title="Ṣād (surah)">Ṣād</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/38?startingVerse=69">38:69</a></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Islamic traditions, they are often portrayed in <a href="/wiki/Zoomorphism" title="Zoomorphism">zoomorphic</a> forms. They are described as resembling different creatures: An eagle, a bull, a lion and a human.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Other <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadiths</a> describes them with six wings and four faces.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While according to a hadith transmitted from <a href="/wiki/At-Targhib_wat-Tarhib" title="At-Targhib wat-Tarhib">At-Targhib wat-Tarhib</a> authored by ʻAbd al-ʻAẓīm ibn ʻAbd al-Qawī al-Mundhirī, the bearers of the throne were angels who were shaped like a <a href="/wiki/Rooster" class="mw-redirect" title="Rooster">rooster</a>, with their feet on the earth and their nape supporting the <a href="/wiki/Throne_of_God" title="Throne of God">Throne of God</a> in the highest sky.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a number modern Islamic scholars from <a href="/wiki/Imam_Mohammad_Ibn_Saud_Islamic_University" title="Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University">Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University</a>, and other institutes of Yemen and Mauritania also agreed the soundness of this hadith by quoting the commentary from <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abi_al-Izz" title="Ibn Abi al-Izz">Ibn Abi al-Izz</a> who supported this narrative.<sup id="cite_ref-Fatwa_Number:_205000_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fatwa_Number:_205000-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fakhr_al-Din_al-Razi" title="Fakhr al-Din al-Razi">Al-Razi</a> identifies the seraphim with the angels around God's throne, next to the cherubim. They circulate the throne and keep praising God.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kathir" title="Ibn Kathir">Ibn Kathir</a>, on the other hand, identifies the seraphim with those who carry the throne, the highest order of angels.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_culture">In culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seraph&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts,_entertainment,_and_media"><span id="Arts.2C_entertainment.2C_and_media"></span>Arts, entertainment, and media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seraph&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Arts, entertainment, and media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In the real time strategy game <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Commander_(video_game)" title="Supreme Commander (video game)"><i>Supreme Commander</i></a>, Seraphim is the name given to a faction of aliens who represent the first contact of aliens to human civilization. After the first Seraphim are killed by human colonists, they launch a massive assault on humanity, which is the premise of the expansion, <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Commander:_Forged_Alliance" title="Supreme Commander: Forged Alliance">Supreme Commander: Forged Alliance</a>.</li> <li>The manga and anime series <i><a href="/wiki/Seraph_of_the_End" title="Seraph of the End">Seraph of the End</a></i> (2012), written by Takaya Kagami, contains several Seraphs.</li> <li>In the strategy game <i><a href="/wiki/Monster_Train" title="Monster Train">Monster Train</a></i>, the primary villain, Seraph the Traitor, is a transcended, six-winged being and the de facto ruler of Heaven. In a bid to bring peace and stability to the collective Realm of Heaven, Hell, and Humans, Seraph helps forge a mutual covenant between Heaven and Hell. He later betrays this agreement and invades Hell, massacring the Hellborne and imposing his moral absolutism upon the survivors.</li> <li>In the MMORPG <i><a href="/wiki/Wizard101" title="Wizard101">Wizard101</a></i>, a prominent character Lady Oriel is a seraph, and a spell titled "Seraph" may be cast by the player in which a seraph is summoned to attack the enemy.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Galeem, from the <i><a href="/wiki/Super_Smash_Bros._Ultimate" title="Super Smash Bros. Ultimate">Super Smash Bros. Ultimate</a></i> single-player campaign "World of Light", resembles a seraph, in that it is an ethereal being of light with six wings. Galeem is the campaign's antagonist, who attempted to destroy everything in existence and turn everyone (except the fighters) into spirits.</li> <li>In the voxel-based video game <i><a href="/wiki/Vintage_Story" title="Vintage Story">Vintage Story</a></i>, the species of the main character are called Seraphs.</li> <li>In <i><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_VII" title="Final Fantasy VII">Final Fantasy VII</a></i> there is a major boss named "Safer Sephiroth", which some believe is mistranslation of "Seraph Sephiroth".</li> <li>In video game <a href="/wiki/Doom_(2016_video_game)" title="Doom (2016 video game)"><i>Doom</i> (2016)</a>, it is mentioned that a Seraph uses the Divinity Machine on the Doom Slayer, a device meant to bless him with great strength and speed in his fight against the Titan on Taras Nabad. In the sequel <i><a href="/wiki/Doom_Eternal" title="Doom Eternal">Doom Eternal</a></i>, it is confirmed that the character Samuel Hayden is in fact the Seraphim who blessed the Doom Slayer.</li> <li>In <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bastard_Executioner" title="The Bastard Executioner">The Bastard Executioner</a></i>, the Order of Seraphim are charged with preserving and protecting Jesus Christ's nine-volume, handwritten <i>Libro Nazareni</i> (<i>New Testament</i>) from the Church, which, as <a href="/wiki/The_Bastard_Executioner#Cast" title="The Bastard Executioner">Annora</a> and Ventrishire's manor priest, <a href="/wiki/The_Bastard_Executioner#Cast" title="The Bastard Executioner">Father Ruskin</a>, discuss in <a href="/wiki/The_Bastard_Executioner#Episodes" title="The Bastard Executioner">episodes 7 ("Behold the Lamb / Gweled yr Oen") and 8 ("Broken Things / Pethau Toredig"), and 9 ("The Bernadette Maneuver / Cynllwyn Bernadette")</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> could be toppled by the book's release to the public. For that reason, the Church's leaders, such as <a href="/wiki/The_Bastard_Executioner#Cast" title="The Bastard Executioner">Robinus, the Archdeacon of Windsor</a>, and their Knights of the Rosebud/<i>Rosula</i>, have targeted both the book and its protectors to be hunted and destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/The_Bastard_Executioner#Episodes" title="The Bastard Executioner">episode 3</a>, some young Welsh people who want to earn credibility with the rebels against the government unwisely masquerade as members of the Order of Seraphim, by adorning themselves with seraphim face paint and attack the Baroness' wagon and its knights,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which causes repercussions throughout the season for those captured, for their village, and for those affected by escalated hunts for rebels and for members of the Order of Seraphim.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Seraphim are the name of a species within video game <i><a href="/wiki/Tales_of_Zestiria" title="Tales of Zestiria">Tales of Zestiria</a></i>. The main character, Sorey, is heavily implied to become one by the end.</li> <li>The second phase of Dogma, from video game <i><a href="/wiki/The_Binding_of_Isaac:_Rebirth" title="The Binding of Isaac: Rebirth">The Binding of Isaac: Rebirth</a></i>, resembles a seraph, being a being with many wings that also uses light attacks. "Seraphim" is also the name of one of the attainable transformations in the game (gained by gathering a certain quantity of specific items), although it does not resemble a seraph aesthetically.</li> <li>Seraphs also appear in the <a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">CW</a> TV show <i><a href="/wiki/Supernatural_(American_TV_series)" title="Supernatural (American TV series)">Supernatural (American TV series)</a></i>. They are shown as more powerful <i><a href="/wiki/Angels" class="mw-redirect" title="Angels">angels</a></i>, but still weaker than an <i><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangel</a></i>. When the angel <a href="/wiki/Castiel_(Supernatural)" title="Castiel (Supernatural)">Castiel</a> (originated from "Cassiel") dies, he is brought back as a Seraph, although he still does not possess the power to go up against the archangel who killed him, <a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Matrix_series_characters#Seraph" title="List of Matrix series characters">Seraph</a> is a supporting character in the second and third films of The Matrix Trilogy. Seraph is an exile program who is seen acting as a "guardian angel" of the Oracle, and is described as the personification of a sophisticated challenge-handshake authentication protocol which guards the Oracle.</li> <li>In <i><a href="/wiki/Mega_Man_Zero_(video_game)" title="Mega Man Zero (video game)">Mega Man Zero</a></i>, an action-platform video game, <a href="/wiki/Mega_Man_X_(character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mega Man X (character)">Copy X</a> transforms into a Seraph-like appearance in his second form.</li> <li>In the <i><a href="/wiki/Armored_Core" title="Armored Core">Armored Core</a></i> video game series, the villain Nine-Ball is featured as a recurring antagonist. Its second and most powerful form, debuting in <i><a href="/wiki/Armored_Core:_Master_of_Arena" title="Armored Core: Master of Arena">Armored Core: Master of Arena</a></i>, is known as Nine-Ball Seraph.</li> <li>In the <i><a href="/wiki/Street_Fighter" title="Street Fighter">Street Fighter</a></i> series of video games, the character <a href="/wiki/Gill_(Street_Fighter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gill (Street Fighter)">Gill</a> uses a move called Seraphic Wing, in which he reveals six wings and unleashes godly energy that does several hits. In <a href="/wiki/Street_Fighter_III" title="Street Fighter III">Street Fighter III</a>, it is the strongest move in the game and can one-hit KO an opponent if they are not blocking. In <a href="/wiki/Street_Fighter_V" title="Street Fighter V">Street Fighter V</a>, it is his critical art. While it cannot instantly defeat an opponent like before, it deals a lot of damage.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seraph_(comics)" title="Seraph (comics)">Seraph</a> is also the name of the first Jewish superhero who debuted in <i><a href="/wiki/Super_Friends" title="Super Friends">Super Friends</a></i> # 7 by E. Nelson Bridwell, Ramona Fradon, and Bob Smith in 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiocular_O" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiocular O">Multiocular O</a> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1113239643">.mw-parser-output .script-Cyrs{font-family:"Ponomar Unicode","Ponomar Unicode TT","Acathist","Triodion Unicode","Menaion Unicode","Menaion Unicode TT","Shafarik","Fedorovsk Unicode","Fedorovsk Unicode TT","Monomakh Unicode","Monomakh Unicode TT","Vilnius",BukyVede,"Kliment Std","RomanCyrillic Std","Monomachus","Old Standard","Old Standard TT",Dilyana,Menaion,"Menaion Medieval",Lazov,Code2000,"DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif",Code2001,"FreeSerif","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Chrysanthi Unicode","Bitstream Cyberbit","Bitstream CyberBase",Thryomanes,"Lucida Grande","FreeSans","Arial Unicode MS","Microsoft Sans Serif","Lucida Sans Unicode"}.mw-parser-output .script-Glag{font-family:Shafarik,"Menaion Unicode TT","Menaion Unicode",Vikidemia,Bukyvede,FreeSerif,Ja,Unicode5,"TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Noto Sans Glagolitic","Segoe UI Historic","Segoe UI Symbol"}</style><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">ꙮ</span>) is an exotic <a href="/wiki/Glyph" title="Glyph">glyph</a> variant of the <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a> letter <a href="/wiki/O_(Cyrillic)" title="O (Cyrillic)">O</a>. This glyph variant can be found in certain manuscripts in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic" title="Old Church Slavonic">Old Church Slavonic</a> phrase "<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" lang="cu-Cyrl" class="script-Cyrs">серафими многоꙮчитїи</span>" (<span title="Church Slavonic-language romanization"><i lang="cu-Latn">serafimi mnogoočitii</i></span>, "many-eyed seraphim").<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LE_SSERAFIM" class="mw-redirect" title="LE SSERAFIM">LE SSERAFIM</a> is the five-member <a href="/wiki/K-pop" title="K-pop">K-pop</a> girl group from <a href="/wiki/HYBE" class="mw-redirect" title="HYBE">HYBE</a> and <a href="/wiki/Source_Music" title="Source Music">Source Music</a> that debuted in 2022 whose name is partly inspired by the Seraphim.</li> <li>In the manga <a href="/wiki/One_Piece" title="One Piece">One Piece</a>, the elite models of the antagonistic Pacifista cyborgs are called, and are loosely based on, Seraphim.</li> <li>In the video game <i><a href="/wiki/Destiny_2" title="Destiny 2">Destiny 2</a></i>, the 19th season is titled <i>Season of the Seraph</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> named after a team of human operatives, the Seraphs, who worked closely with central character Rasputin, an AI "Warmind", to ensure the safety of humanity.</li> <li>In the manga <i><a href="/wiki/Seraphim_266613336Wings" class="mw-redirect" title="Seraphim 266613336Wings">Seraphim 266613336Wings</a></i>, "Seraphim" is the name of a disease that is decimating the population of the world.</li> <li>In season one, episode six ("Welcome to Heaven") of <i><a href="/wiki/Hazbin_Hotel" title="Hazbin Hotel">Hazbin Hotel</a></i>, two Seraphim, Sera, the head Seraph, and Emily, a junior Seraph, hold a meeting with <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Morningstar" title="Charlie Morningstar">Charlie Morningstar</a> over her plan to redeem souls that are in <a href="/wiki/Hell" title="Hell">Hell</a>.</li> <li>In the video games <i><a href="/wiki/League_of_Legends" title="League of Legends">League of Legends</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Legends_of_Runeterra" title="Legends of Runeterra">Legends of Runeterra</a></i>, there is a champion named Seraphine,<sup id="cite_ref-League_of_Legends_Seraphine_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-League_of_Legends_Seraphine-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Legends_of_Runeterra_Seraphine_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legends_of_Runeterra_Seraphine-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whose name is likely derived from Seraphim. During her release campaign, Seraphine had an online presence through Twitter,<sup id="cite_ref-Twitter_seradotwav_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Twitter_seradotwav-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instagram,<sup id="cite_ref-Instagram_seradotwav_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Instagram_seradotwav-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SoundCloud,<sup id="cite_ref-SoundCloud_seradotwav_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SoundCloud_seradotwav-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Spotify,<sup id="cite_ref-Spotify_Seraphine_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spotify_Seraphine-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and became a guest member of <a href="/wiki/K/DA" title="K/DA">K/DA</a> on their 2020 single <a href="/wiki/More_(K/DA_song)" title="More (K/DA song)">More (K/DA song)</a>. In addition, <i>League of Legends</i> also includes an item named Seraph's Embrace.</li> <li>In the <i><a href="/wiki/Fire_Emblem" title="Fire Emblem">Fire Emblem</a></i> video game series, there is a damaging spell in several titles called Seraphim that is especially effective against monsters. It is often portrayed as being made up of light and, sometimes, feathers.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Logos_and_mascots">Logos and mascots</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seraph&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Logos and mascots"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Several Catholic schools use a seraph or a seraph-related symbol as their mascot: <ul><li>Koinonia Academy, <a href="/wiki/Plainfield,_New_Jersey" title="Plainfield, New Jersey">Plainfield, New Jersey</a>, United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mater_Dei_High_School_(New_Jersey)" title="Mater Dei High School (New Jersey)">Mater Dei Catholic Preparatory School</a>, Middletown, New Jersey, United States<sup id="cite_ref-Mater_Dei_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mater_Dei-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Bonaventure_High_School" title="St. Bonaventure High School">St. Bonaventure High School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ventura,_California" title="Ventura, California">Ventura, California</a>, United States<sup id="cite_ref-St._Bonaventure_High_School_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-St._Bonaventure_High_School-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>St. Madeleine Sophie Catholic School, <a href="/wiki/Bellevue,_Washington" title="Bellevue, Washington">Bellevue, Washington</a>, United States<sup id="cite_ref-St._Madeleine_Sophie_Catholic_School_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-St._Madeleine_Sophie_Catholic_School-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingswood_College_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingswood College (Sri Lanka)">Kingswood College</a> in Randles Hill, <a href="/wiki/Kandy" title="Kandy">Kandy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>, a public school, claims the seraph as its mascot.</li> <li>Both the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pisa" title="University of Pisa">University of Pisa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sapienza_University_of_Rome" title="Sapienza University of Rome">Sapienza University of Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, feature a seraph as their logo.<sup id="cite_ref-Manuale_di_immagine_coordinata_dell'Università_di_Pisa_(in_Italian)_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manuale_di_immagine_coordinata_dell'Università_di_Pisa_(in_Italian)-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seraph&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serpent_symbolism" title="Serpent symbolism">Sarpa, also called Naga , serpents and their human forms in Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_angels_in_theology" title="List of angels in theology">List of angels in theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bearers_of_the_Throne" title="Bearers of the Throne">Bearers of the Throne</a> – Group of angels in Islam</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiery_flying_serpent" title="Fiery flying serpent">Fiery flying serpent</a> – Biblical creature</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_chain_of_being" title="Great chain of being">Great chain of being</a> – Cosmological hierarchy of all matter and life</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Order_of_the_Seraphim" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Order of the Seraphim">Royal Order of the Seraphim</a> – Swedish order of chivalry<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Silver_Seraph" title="Rolls-Royce Silver Seraph">Rolls-Royce Silver Seraph</a> – car model<span style="display:none" class="category-wikidata-fallback-annotation">Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpents_in_the_Bible" title="Serpents in the Bible">Serpents in the Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetramorph" title="Tetramorph">Tetramorph</a> – Symbolic arrangement of four differing elements</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throne_(angel)" title="Throne (angel)">Thrones</a> – Class of angels</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wepset" title="Wepset">Wepset</a> – Ancient Egyptian deity</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seraph&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In the <a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">King James Version</a> also plural <i>seraphims</i>. From <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">שָׂרָף</span></span> (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he-Latn">śārāf</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="he-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hebrew" title="Help:IPA/Hebrew">[saːraːf]</a></span>), plural <span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">שְׂרָפִים</span></span> (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he-Latn">śərāfîm</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="he-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hebrew" title="Help:IPA/Hebrew">[səraːfim]</a></span>); <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>: <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">seraphim</i></span>, plural <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">seraphin</i></span> (also <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">seraphus</i></span> (-i, m.));<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">σεραφείμ</span></span> (<span title="Greek-language text"><i lang="el-Latn">serapheím</i></span>); cf. <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>: <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">مشرفين</span></span> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">musharifin</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The singular "seraph" is a <a href="/wiki/Back-formation" title="Back-formation">back-formation</a> from the Hebrew plural-form <span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he-Latn">'seraphim'</i></span>, whereas in Hebrew the singular is <span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he-Latn">'saraph'</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The hadith were: "...<i>Allah, the most exalted, has permitted me to speak of a rooster whose legs have separated the earth, and its neck is bent under the throne</i>..." through the narration of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hurairah" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Hurairah">Abu Hurairah</a> by Abd al-Qawi al-Mundhiri through <a href="/wiki/Al-Qadi_Abu_Ya%27la" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qadi Abu Ya'la">Al-Qadi Abu Ya'la</a>. The Hadith were judged as authentic and sound by numerous hadith scholars such as by <a href="/wiki/Nur_al-Din_al-Haythami" title="Nur al-Din al-Haythami">Nur al-Din al-Haythami</a> in his work, <i><a href="/wiki/Majma_al-Zawa%27id" title="Majma al-Zawa'id">Majma al-Zawa'id</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Tabarani" title="Al-Tabarani">Al-Tabarani</a> in his work, <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27jam_al-Awsat" title="Al-Mu'jam al-Awsat">Al-Mu'jam al-Awsat</a></i>, Mustafa al-Adawi in <i>Sahih Al-Ahadith Al-Qudsi</i> and also by <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Nasiruddin_al-Albani" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani">Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani</a> in his work <i>Silsalat al-Hadith as-Sahihah</i><sup id="cite_ref-Fatwa_Number:_205000_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fatwa_Number:_205000-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also commented as safe as it is also supported by other Hadith from another chain from <a href="/wiki/Jabir_ibn_Abd_Allah" title="Jabir ibn Abd Allah">Jabir ibn Abd Allah</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Sunan_Abu_Dawood" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunan Abu Dawood">Sunan Abu Dawood</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fatwa_Number:_205000_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fatwa_Number:_205000-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seraph&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. H. Lünemann: <i>Imm. Joh. Gerh. Schellers lateinisch-deutsches und deutsch-lateinisches Handlexicon vornehmlich für Schulen. Zweyter oder deutsch-lateinischer Teil. Vierte verbesserte und vermehrte Auflage.</i>, Leipzig, 1820, p. 722: "<b>Seraph</b>, Seraphus, i, m."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jerrold Seigel. <i>Between Cultures: Europe and Its Others in Five Exemplary Lives</i>. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-812-29193-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-812-29193-3">978-0-812-29193-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language" title="The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language">The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?Strongs=H8314&t=KJV">"Strong's H8314 – Saraph"</a>. Blue Letter Bible<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-12-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Strong%27s+H8314+%E2%80%93+Saraph&rft.pub=Blue+Letter+Bible&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blueletterbible.org%2Flang%2Flexicon%2Flexicon.cfm%3FStrongs%3DH8314%26t%3DKJV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeraph" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Numbers#21:6" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Numbers">Numbers 21:6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Numbers#21:8" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Numbers">Numbers 21:8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Deuteronomy#8:15" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy 8:15</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Isaiah#6:2" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Isaiah">Isaiah 6:2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Isaiah#6:6" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Isaiah">Isaiah 6:6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Isaiah#14:29" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Isaiah">Isaiah 14:29</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Isaiah#30:6" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Isaiah">Isaiah 30:6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMettinger1999" class="citation book cs1">Mettinger, T. N. D. (1999). "Seraphim". In van Der Toorn, Karel; Becking, Bob; W. Van Der Horst, Pieter (eds.). <i>Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible</i>. <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a> and <a href="/wiki/W.B._Eerdmans_Pub._Co." class="mw-redirect" title="W.B. Eerdmans Pub. Co.">W.B. Eerdmans Pub. Co.</a> p. 743. <q>...there is now an emerging consensus that the Egyptian uraeus serpent is the original source of the seraphim motif.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Seraphim&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Deities+and+Demons+in+the+Bible&rft.pages=743&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers+and+W.B.+Eerdmans+Pub.+Co.&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Mettinger&rft.aufirst=T.+N.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeraph" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerlinBrettlerJewish_Publication_Society2014" class="citation book cs1">Berlin, Adele; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Jewish Publication Society (2014). <i>The Jewish Study Bible Jewish Publication Society Tanakh translation</i>. New York, New York: Oxford University Press. p. 779. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199978465" title="Special:BookSources/9780199978465"><bdi>9780199978465</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Study+Bible+Jewish+Publication+Society+Tanakh+translation&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pages=779&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780199978465&rft.aulast=Berlin&rft.aufirst=Adele&rft.au=Brettler%2C+Marc+Zvi&rft.au=Jewish+Publication+Society&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeraph" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuick2022" class="citation journal cs1">Quick, Laura (6 March 2022). "Behemoth's Penis, Yahweh's Might: Competing Bodies in the Book of Job". <i>Journal for the Study of the Old Testament</i>. <b>46</b> (3). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0309089221104053">10.1177/0309089221104053</a> (inactive 1 November 2024).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+the+Study+of+the+Old+Testament&rft.atitle=Behemoth%27s+Penis%2C+Yahweh%27s+Might%3A+Competing+Bodies+in+the+Book+of+Job&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2022-03-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0309089221104053&rft.aulast=Quick&rft.aufirst=Laura&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeraph" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStavrakopoulou2022" class="citation book cs1">Stavrakopoulou, F. (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=APkfEAAAQBAJ"><i>God: An Anatomy</i></a>. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 103. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-525-52046-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-525-52046-7"><bdi>978-0-525-52046-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God%3A+An+Anatomy&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=Knopf+Doubleday+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-0-525-52046-7&rft.aulast=Stavrakopoulou&rft.aufirst=F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAPkfEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeraph" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yCkRz5pfxz0C&q=seraphim"><i>Dictionary of deities and demons in the Bible</i></a>. Brill. 1999. p. 742. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11119-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11119-6"><bdi>978-90-04-11119-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+deities+and+demons+in+the+Bible&rft.pages=742&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-90-04-11119-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyCkRz5pfxz0C%26q%3Dseraphim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeraph" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Isaiah#6:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Isaiah">Isaiah 6:1–3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Isaiah#6:2" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Isaiah">Isaiah 6:2–3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Isaiah#6:6" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Isaiah">Isaiah 6:6–7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yCkRz5pfxz0C&q=seraphim"><i>Dictionary of deities and demons in the Bible</i></a>. Brill. 1999. p. 746. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11119-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11119-6"><bdi>978-90-04-11119-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+deities+and+demons+in+the+Bible&rft.pages=746&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-90-04-11119-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyCkRz5pfxz0C%26q%3Dseraphim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeraph" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKosior2013" class="citation journal cs1">Kosior, Wojciech (June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/4426250">"The Angel in the Hebrew Bible from the Statistic and Hermeneutic Perspectives. Some Remarks on the Interpolation Theory"</a>. <i>The Polish Journal of Biblical Research</i>. <b>12</b> (1 (23)): <span class="nowrap">56–</span>57.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Polish+Journal+of+Biblical+Research&rft.atitle=The+Angel+in+the+Hebrew+Bible+from+the+Statistic+and+Hermeneutic+Perspectives.+Some+Remarks+on+the+Interpolation+Theory&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1+%2823%29&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E56-%3C%2Fspan%3E57&rft.date=2013-06&rft.aulast=Kosior&rft.aufirst=Wojciech&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F4426250&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeraph" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Enoch, xx. 7, lxi. 10, lxxi. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSola1852" class="citation book cs1">Sola, David Aaron (1852). <i>Signification of the Proper Names, Etc., Occurring in the Book of Enoch: From the Hebrew and Chaldee Languages</i>. London, England.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Signification+of+the+Proper+Names%2C+Etc.%2C+Occurring+in+the+Book+of+Enoch%3A+From+the+Hebrew+and+Chaldee+Languages&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.date=1852&rft.aulast=Sola&rft.aufirst=David+Aaron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeraph" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRev._X.Y.Z.1894" class="citation book cs1">Rev. X.Y.Z. (1894). <i>The Story of a Conversion</i>. Merry England. Vol. 22. p. 151.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+a+Conversion&rft.series=Merry+England&rft.pages=151&rft.date=1894&rft.au=Rev.+X.Y.Z.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeraph" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johnpratt.com/items/docs/enoch.html#68">"Enoch 1 68:9–16"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Enoch+1+68%3A9%E2%80%9316&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.johnpratt.com%2Fitems%2Fdocs%2Fenoch.html%2368&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeraph" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson1967" class="citation book cs1">Davidson, Gustav (1967). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Chalkydri'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i><span></span>'A Dictionary of Angels, Including the Fallen Angels</i>. p. 84.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%27Chalkydri%27&rft.btitle=%27A+Dictionary+of+Angels%2C+Including+the+Fallen+Angels&rft.pages=84&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Gustav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeraph" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson1967" class="citation book cs1">Davidson, Gustav (1967). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Phoenixes'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i><span></span>'A Dictionary of Angels, Including the Fallen Angels</i>. p. 224.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%27Phoenixes%27&rft.btitle=%27A+Dictionary+of+Angels%2C+Including+the+Fallen+Angels&rft.pages=224&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Gustav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeraph" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NagHammadi-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NagHammadi_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/naghammadilibrar00jame/page/166"><i>The Nag Hammadi Library in English</i></a></span>. Harper & Row. 1977. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/naghammadilibrar00jame/page/166">166</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-066929-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-066929-2"><bdi>0-06-066929-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nag+Hammadi+Library+in+English&rft.pages=166&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-06-066929-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnaghammadilibrar00jame%2Fpage%2F166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeraph" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kabbalaonline.org/kabbalah/article_cdo/aid/380697/jewish/Angels-2-Wings-on-Fire.htm">Angels 2: Wings on Fire</a>, kabbalaonline.org: "These creatures of the world of Beriya, are the higher angels, called serafim, from the Hebrew word for burn, saraf."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Berlin, Adele; Brettler, Marc Zvi; and Jewish Publication Society. (2014).The Jewish Study Bible Jewish Publication Society Tanakh translation. New York, New York : Oxford University Press. p. 779. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199978465" title="Special:BookSources/9780199978465">9780199978465</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDionysius_the_Areopagite" class="citation web cs1">Dionysius the Areopagite. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esoteric.msu.edu/VolumeII/CelestialHierarchy.html">"Celestial Hierarchy"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-12-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Celestial+Hierarchy&rft.au=Dionysius+the+Areopagite&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esoteric.msu.edu%2FVolumeII%2FCelestialHierarchy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeraph" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrigen" class="citation book cs1">Origen. <i>De Principiis: On First Principle</i>. pp. Chapter III section 14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+Principiis%3A+On+First+Principle&rft.pages=Chapter+III+section+14&rft.au=Origen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeraph" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCahill2012" class="citation book cs1">Cahill, Michael (2012). <i>Paradise Rediscovered</i>. Interactive Publications Pty, Limited. p. 353.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paradise+Rediscovered&rft.pages=353&rft.pub=Interactive+Publications+Pty%2C+Limited&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Cahill&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeraph" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlanch2024" class="citation web cs1">Blanch, Jorge (5 November 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://themythiccross.com/the-origins-of-seraphim">"The Origins of Seraphim: From Serpents to God's Throne"</a>. <i>The Mythic Cross</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Mythic+Cross&rft.atitle=The+Origins+of+Seraphim%3A+From+Serpents+to+God%27s+Throne&rft.date=2024-11-05&rft.aulast=Blanch&rft.aufirst=Jorge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthemythiccross.com%2Fthe-origins-of-seraphim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeraph" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBecchioSchadé2016" class="citation book cs1">Becchio, Bruno; Schadé, Johannes P. (2016). "Hierarchy of angels". <i>Encyclopedia of World Religions</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+Madeleine+Sophie+Catholic+School&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smsbellevue.org%2Fseraph.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeraph" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Manuale_di_immagine_coordinata_dell'Università_di_Pisa_(in_Italian)-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Manuale_di_immagine_coordinata_dell'Università_di_Pisa_(in_Italian)_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unipi.it/index.php/area-comunicazione/item/download/11314_b500dd300915de9c006e5df919d05156">"Manuale di immagine coordinata dell'Università di Pisa"</a> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Manuale+di+immagine+coordinata+dell%27Universit%C3%A0+di+Pisa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unipi.it%2Findex.php%2Farea-comunicazione%2Fitem%2Fdownload%2F11314_b500dd300915de9c006e5df919d05156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeraph" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniroma1.it/it/pagina/marchio-identita-visiva-e-sistema-grafico">"Marchio, identità visiva e sistema grafico"</a>. <i>www.uniroma1.it</i> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.uniroma1.it&rft.atitle=Marchio%2C+identit%C3%A0+visiva+e+sistema+grafico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uniroma1.it%2Fit%2Fpagina%2Fmarchio-identita-visiva-e-sistema-grafico&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeraph" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seraph&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Seraphim" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Seraphim">Seraphim</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Encyclopedia">Jewish Encyclopedia</a></i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13437-seraphim">"Seraphim"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pallasweb.com/deesis/seraphim-mosaic-uncovered-in-hagia-sophia.html">The Seraphim Mosaic in Hagia Sophia</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Seraphim"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Seraphim">"Seraphim" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Seraphim&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeraph" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="Angels_in_Abrahamic_religions233" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Angels_in_Abrahamic_religions" title="Template:Angels in Abrahamic religions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Angels_in_Abrahamic_religions" title="Template talk:Angels in Abrahamic religions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Angels_in_Abrahamic_religions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Angels in Abrahamic religions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Angels_in_Abrahamic_religions233" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">Angels</a> in <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Judaism" title="Angels in Judaism">Angels in<br />Judaism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uriel" title="Uriel">Uriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angel_of_the_Lord" title="Angel of the Lord">Angel of the Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angel_of_the_Presence" title="Angel of the Presence">Angel of the Presence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destroying_angel_(Bible)" title="Destroying angel (Bible)">Destroying Angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azrael" title="Azrael">Azrael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_(angel)" title="Ariel (angel)">Ariel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arariel" title="Arariel">Arariel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azazel" title="Azazel">Azazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camael" title="Camael">Camael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassiel" title="Cassiel">Cassiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobiel" title="Dobiel">Dobiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumah_(angel)" title="Dumah (angel)">Dumah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisheth" title="Eisheth">Eisheth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadraniel" title="Hadraniel">Hadraniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haniel" title="Haniel">Haniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerahmeel_(archangel)" title="Jerahmeel (archangel)">Jerahmeel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jophiel" title="Jophiel">Jophiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushiel" title="Kushiel">Kushiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lailah_(angel)" title="Lailah (angel)">Lailah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastema" title="Mastema">Mastema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metatron" title="Metatron">Metatron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuriel" title="Nuriel">Nuriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravuil" title="Pravuil">Pravuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raziel" title="Raziel">Raziel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachiel" title="Sachiel">Sachiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samael" title="Samael">Samael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samyaza" title="Samyaza">Samyaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandalphon" title="Sandalphon">Sandalphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaphkiel" title="Zaphkiel">Tzaphqiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoel" title="Yahoel">Yahoel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zadkiel" title="Zadkiel">Zadkiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zerachiel" title="Zerachiel">Zerachiel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Seraphim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_creatures_(Bible)" title="Living creatures (Bible)">Chayot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophanim" title="Ophanim">Ophanim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherub" title="Cherub">Cherubim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashmal" title="Hashmal">Hashmallim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishim_(angel)" title="Ishim (angel)">Ishim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_God" title="Sons of God">Sons of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recording_angel" title="Recording angel">Recording angels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Christianity" title="Angels in Christianity">Angels in<br />Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaddon" title="Abaddon">Abaddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uriel" title="Uriel">Uriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_(angel)" title="Ariel (angel)">Ariel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azazel" title="Azazel">Azazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sariel" title="Sariel">Sariel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandalphon" title="Sandalphon">Sandalphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raguel_(angel)" title="Raguel (angel)">Raguel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramiel" title="Ramiel">Ramiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selaphiel" title="Selaphiel">Selaphiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barachiel" title="Barachiel">Barachiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jegudiel" title="Jegudiel">Jegudiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camael" title="Camael">Camael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angel_of_Portugal" title="Angel of Portugal">Guardian Angel of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerahmeel_(archangel)" title="Jerahmeel (archangel)">Jerahmeel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jophiel" title="Jophiel">Jophiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metatron" title="Metatron">Metatron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samyaza" title="Samyaza">Samyaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravuil" title="Pravuil">Pravuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachiel" title="Sachiel">Sachiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zadkiel" title="Zadkiel">Zadkiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarathiel" title="Sarathiel">Sarathiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zerachiel" title="Zerachiel">Zerachiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanuel_(angel)" title="Phanuel (angel)">Phanuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aker_(angel)" title="Aker (angel)">Aker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabuthelon" title="Gabuthelon">Gabuthelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arphugitonos" title="Arphugitonos">Arphugitonos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beburos" title="Beburos">Beburos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebuleon" title="Zebuleon">Zebuleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_(angel)" title="Daniel (angel)">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerubiel" title="Kerubiel">Kerubiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokabiel" title="Kokabiel">Kokabiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushiel" title="Kushiel">Kushiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lailah_(angel)" title="Lailah (angel)">Leliel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muriel_(angel)" title="Muriel (angel)">Muriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahaliah" title="Pahaliah">Pahaliah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seraphiel" title="Seraphiel">Seraphiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamsiel" title="Shamsiel">Shamsiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chazaqiel" title="Chazaqiel">Chazaqiel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Seraphim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherub" title="Cherub">Cherubim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophanim" title="Ophanim">Ophanim</a>/<a href="/wiki/Throne_(angel)" title="Throne (angel)">Thrones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_(angel)" title="Dominion (angel)">Dominions</a>/<a href="/wiki/Christian_angelology" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian angelology">Lordships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_angelology" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian angelology">Virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_angelology" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian angelology">Powers</a>/<a href="/wiki/Christian_angelology" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian angelology">Authorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_angelology" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian angelology">Principalities</a>/<a href="/wiki/Christian_angelology" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian angelology">Rulers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watcher_(angel)" title="Watcher (angel)">Watchers</a>/<a href="/wiki/Guardian_angel" title="Guardian angel">Guardian angels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Islam" title="Angels in Islam">Angels in <br />Islam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Mikha'il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Jibra'il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israfil" title="Israfil">Israfil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azrael" title="Azrael">Azra'il</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/R%C5%AB%E1%B8%A5" title="Rūḥ">ar-Rūḥ</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azazil" title="Azazil">ʿAzāzīl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iblis" title="Iblis">Iblis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artiya%27il" title="Artiya'il">Artiya'il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darda%27il" title="Darda'il">Darda'il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumah_(angel)" title="Dumah (angel)">Dumah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalqa%27il" title="Kalqa'il">Kalqa'il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futrus" title="Futrus">Futrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_(angel)" title="Habib (angel)">Ḥabīb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harut_and_Marut" title="Harut and Marut">Harut and Marut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalik" title="Maalik">Mālik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munkar_and_Nakir" title="Munkar and Nakir">Munkar and Nakir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ri%E1%B8%8Dwan" title="Riḍwan">Riḍwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bearers_of_the_Throne" title="Bearers of the Throne">Mu'qarrabun</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Cherub" title="Cherub">Cherubim</a> and <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Seraphim</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabaniyah" title="Zabaniyah">Angels of Hell</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mu%27aqqibat" title="Mu'aqqibat">Hafaza</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Guardian_angel" title="Guardian angel">Guardian angel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiraman_Katibin" title="Kiraman Katibin">Recording angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81zi%27%C4%81t_and_N%C4%81shi%E1%B9%AD%C4%81t" title="Nāzi'āt and Nāshiṭāt">Nāzi'āt and Nāshiṭāt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Uthra" title="Uthra">Uthras (angels) in <br />Mandaeism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yushamin" title="Yushamin">Yushamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abatur" title="Abatur">Abatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptahil" title="Ptahil">Ptahil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibil" title="Hibil">Hibil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shitil" title="Shitil">Shitil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anush_(Mandaeism)" title="Anush (Mandaeism)">Anush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Ziwa" title="Sam Ziwa">Sam Ziwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manda_d-Hayyi" title="Manda d-Hayyi">Manda d-Hayyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilmai" title="Shilmai">Shilmai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nidbai" title="Nidbai">Nidbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adathan_and_Yadathan" title="Adathan and Yadathan">Adathan and Yadathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yufin-Yufafin" title="Yufin-Yufafin">Yufin-Yufafin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urfeil_and_Marfeil" title="Urfeil and Marfeil">Urfeil and Marfeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarwan" title="Tarwan">Tar and Tarwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihram" title="Bihram">Bihram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zihrun" title="Zihrun">Zihrun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etinsib_Ziwa" title="Etinsib Ziwa">Etinsib Ziwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nbat" title="Nbat">Nbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nsab" title="Nsab">Nsab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gubran" title="Gubran">Gubran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihlun" title="Shihlun">Shihlun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yurba" title="Yurba">Yurba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukabar" title="Yukabar">Yukabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukashar" title="Yukashar">Yukashar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yawar_Ziwa" title="Yawar Ziwa">Yawar Ziwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simat_Hayyi" title="Simat Hayyi">Simat Hayyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saureil" title="Saureil">Saureil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uthra" title="Uthra">Niṭufta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupna" class="mw-redirect" title="Gupna">Gupna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ziwa_(Aramaic)" title="Ziwa (Aramaic)">Ziwa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel_Moroni" title="Angel Moroni">Angel Moroni</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_angels" title="Hierarchy of angels">Hierarchy of angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavenly_host" title="Heavenly host">Heavenly host</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Archangels" title="Seven Archangels">Seven Archangels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Angels%27_Messages" title="Three Angels' Messages">Three Angels' Messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watcher_(angel)" title="Watcher (angel)">Watcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallen_angel" title="Fallen angel">Fallen angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_angels_in_theology" title="List of angels in theology">List of angels in theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_angels_in_Ars_Paulina" title="List of angels in Ars Paulina">List of angels in Ars Paulina</a></li> <li>Ambiguous <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chalkydri" title="Chalkydri">Chalkydri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elioud" title="Elioud">Elioud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephilim" title="Nephilim">Nephilim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teraphim" title="Teraphim">Teraphim</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_art" title="Angels in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_angels_in_fiction" title="List of angels in fiction">List of angels in fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_angels" title="List of films about angels">List of films about angels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Angels_in_Christianity63" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#00bfff"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christian_angelic_hierarchy" title="Template:Christian angelic hierarchy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christian_angelic_hierarchy" title="Template talk:Christian angelic hierarchy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christian_angelic_hierarchy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christian angelic hierarchy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Angels_in_Christianity63" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Christianity" title="Angels in Christianity">Angels in Christianity</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#00bfff;width:1%">First Sphere</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Seraphim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherub" title="Cherub">Cherubim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophanim" title="Ophanim">Ophanim</a> or <a href="/wiki/Throne_(angel)" title="Throne (angel)">Thrones</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paradiso_Canto_31.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Paradiso_Canto_31.jpg/85px-Paradiso_Canto_31.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Paradiso_Canto_31.jpg/128px-Paradiso_Canto_31.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Paradiso_Canto_31.jpg/170px-Paradiso_Canto_31.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2475" data-file-height="3223" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#00bfff;width:1%">Second Sphere</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dominions_(angel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominions (angel)">Dominions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtues_(angel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtues (angel)">Virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powers_(angel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Powers (angel)">Powers or Authorities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#00bfff;width:1%">Third Sphere</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principalities_(angel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Principalities (angel)">Principalities or Rulers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">Angels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Book_of_Isaiahספר_ישעיהוSefer_Yeshayahu1304" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Book_of_Isaiah" title="Template:Book of Isaiah"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Book_of_Isaiah" title="Template talk:Book of Isaiah"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Book_of_Isaiah" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Book of Isaiah"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Book_of_Isaiahספר_ישעיהוSefer_Yeshayahu1304" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Book of Isaiah</a></b></li><li><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">ספר ישעיהו</span>‎</li><li><i><b>Sefer Yeshayahu</b></i></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By number</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chapter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proto-Isaiah</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_1" title="Isaiah 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_2" title="Isaiah 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_3" title="Isaiah 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_4" title="Isaiah 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_5" title="Isaiah 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_6" title="Isaiah 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_7" title="Isaiah 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_8" title="Isaiah 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_9" title="Isaiah 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_10" title="Isaiah 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_11" title="Isaiah 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_12" title="Isaiah 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_13" title="Isaiah 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_14" title="Isaiah 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_15" title="Isaiah 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_16" title="Isaiah 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_17" title="Isaiah 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_18" title="Isaiah 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_19" title="Isaiah 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_20" title="Isaiah 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_21" title="Isaiah 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_22" title="Isaiah 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_23" title="Isaiah 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_24" title="Isaiah 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_25" title="Isaiah 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_26" title="Isaiah 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_27" title="Isaiah 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_28" title="Isaiah 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_29" title="Isaiah 29">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_30" title="Isaiah 30">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_31" title="Isaiah 31">31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_32" title="Isaiah 32">32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_33" title="Isaiah 33">33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_34" title="Isaiah 34">34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_35" title="Isaiah 35">35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_36" title="Isaiah 36">36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_37" title="Isaiah 37">37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_38" title="Isaiah 38">38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_39" title="Isaiah 39">39</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deutero-Isaiah</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_40" title="Isaiah 40">40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_41" title="Isaiah 41">41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_42" title="Isaiah 42">42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_43" title="Isaiah 43">43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_44" title="Isaiah 44">44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_45" title="Isaiah 45">45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_46" title="Isaiah 46">46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_47" title="Isaiah 47">47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_48" title="Isaiah 48">48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_49" title="Isaiah 49">49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_50" title="Isaiah 50">50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_51" title="Isaiah 51">51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_52" title="Isaiah 52">52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_53" title="Isaiah 53">53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_54" title="Isaiah 54">54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_55" title="Isaiah 55">55</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trito-Isaiah</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_56" title="Isaiah 56">56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_57" title="Isaiah 57">57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_58" title="Isaiah 58">58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_59" title="Isaiah 59">59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_60" title="Isaiah 60">60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_61" title="Isaiah 61">61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_62" title="Isaiah 62">62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_63" title="Isaiah 63">63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_64" title="Isaiah 64">64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_65" title="Isaiah 65">65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_66" title="Isaiah 66">66</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Verse</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_7:14" title="Isaiah 7:14">7:14</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ar_(city)" title="Ar (city)">Ar-Moab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aram_(biblical_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aram (biblical region)">Aram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Mujib" title="Wadi Mujib">Arnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isdud" title="Isdud">Ashdod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashan" title="Bashan">Bashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozrah" class="mw-redirect" title="Bozrah">Bozrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brook_of_Egypt" title="Brook of Egypt">Brook of Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel" title="Mount Carmel">Carmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaldea" title="Chaldea">Chaldea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhiban,_Jordan" title="Dhiban, Jordan">Dibon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhiban,_Jordan" title="Dhiban, Jordan">Dimon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edom" title="Edom">Edom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eglaim" class="mw-redirect" title="Eglaim">Eglaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heshbon" title="Heshbon">Heshbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horonaim" title="Horonaim">Horonaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javan" title="Javan">Javan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazer" title="Jazer">Jazer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kir_of_Moab" title="Kir of Moab">Kir-Moab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lud,_son_of_Shem" title="Lud, son of Shem">Lud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madaba" title="Madaba">Medeba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medes" title="Medes">Medes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marduk-apla-iddina_II" title="Marduk-apla-iddina II">Merodach-baladan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moab" title="Moab">Moab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebo_(biblical_town)" title="Nebo (biblical town)">Nebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimrim" title="Nimrim">Nimrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noph" title="Noph">Noph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophir" title="Ophir">Ophir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sela_(Edom)" title="Sela (Edom)">Sela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_plain" title="Sharon plain">Sharon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pool_of_Siloam" title="Pool of Siloam">Shiloah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodom_and_Gomorrah" title="Sodom and Gomorrah">Sodom and Gomorrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarshish" title="Tarshish">Tarshish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiglath-Pileser_III" title="Tiglath-Pileser III">Pul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubal" title="Tubal">Tubal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zion" title="Zion">Zion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoan" title="Zoan">Zoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoara" title="Zoara">Zoar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_flesh_is_grass" title="All flesh is grass">All flesh is grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiery_flying_serpent" title="Fiery flying serpent">Fiery flying serpent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_lamb_and_lion" title="The lamb and lion">The lamb and lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leviathan" title="Leviathan">Leviathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_unto_the_nations" title="Light unto the nations">Light unto the nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maher-shalal-hash-baz" title="Maher-shalal-hash-baz">Maher-shalal-hash-baz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_of_Sorrows" title="Man of Sorrows">Man of Sorrows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pele-joez-el-gibbor-abi-ad-sar-shalom" title="Pele-joez-el-gibbor-abi-ad-sar-shalom">Pele-joez-el-gibbor-abi-ad-sar-shalom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remnant_(Bible)" title="Remnant (Bible)">Remnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_righteous_perishes" title="The righteous perishes">The righteous perishes</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Seraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servant_songs" title="Servant songs">Servant songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swords_to_ploughshares" title="Swords to ploughshares">Swords to ploughshares</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahaz" title="Ahaz">Ahaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoz" title="Amoz">Amoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bel_(mythology)" title="Bel (mythology)">Bel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great" title="Cyrus the Great">Cyrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hephzibah" title="Hephzibah">Hephzibah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezekiah" title="Hezekiah">Hezekiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immanuel" title="Immanuel">Immanuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_(biblical_figure)" title="Jesse (biblical figure)">Jesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jotham" title="Jotham">Jotham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judah_(son_of_Jacob)" title="Judah (son of Jacob)">Judah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marduk-apla-iddina_II" title="Marduk-apla-iddina II">Merodach-baladan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabu" title="Nabu">Nebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekah" title="Pekah">Pekah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rezin" title="Rezin">Rezin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sargon_II" title="Sargon II">Sargon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shebna" title="Shebna">Shebna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtanu#Tartan_in_Bible" title="Turtanu">Tartan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzziah" title="Uzziah">Uzziah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuscripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Scroll" title="Isaiah Scroll">Isaiah Scroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1QIsab" title="1QIsab">1QIsa<sup>b</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Dublinensis" title="Codex Dublinensis">Codex Dublinensis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> texts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/he:%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8_%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95" class="extiw" title="wikisource:he:ספר ישעיהו">Book of Isaiah</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/el:%CE%97%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%90%CE%B1%CF%82" class="extiw" title="wikisource:el:Ησαΐας">Septuagint</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Greek</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:The_Old_Testament_(Vulgate)/Isaias" class="extiw" title="wikisource:la:The Old Testament (Vulgate)/Isaias">Vulgate</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Latin_Psalters" title="Latin Psalters">Latin</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(Wycliffe)/Isaiah" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (Wycliffe)/Isaiah">Wycliffe</a> / <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Isaiah" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (King James)/Isaiah">King James</a> / <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Isaiah" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Isaiah">American Standard</a> / <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(World_English)/Isaiah" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (World English)/Isaiah">World English Bible</a> <span 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