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<span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Language_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subgroups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subgroups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Subgroups</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Subgroups-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Subgroups subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Subgroups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Yi_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yi_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Yi people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yi_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gelao_in_Vietnam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gelao_in_Vietnam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Gelao in Vietnam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gelao_in_Vietnam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gelao people</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gut-l%C3%A1u-cho%CC%8Dk" title="Gut-láu-cho̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Gut-láu-cho̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཀོ་ལའོ་མི། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཀོ་ལའོ་མི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelao" title="Gelao – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gelao" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelao" title="Gelao – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gelao" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelao" title="Gelao – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gelao" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelao" title="Gelao – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gelao" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelao_etnia" title="Gelao etnia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gelao etnia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelao" title="Gelao – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gelao" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngiet-l%C3%A1u-chhu%CC%8Dk" title="Ngiet-láu-chhu̍k – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngiet-láu-chhu̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B1%B0%EB%9D%BC%EC%98%A4%EC%A1%B1" title="거라오족 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="거라오족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ge_(narod)" title="Ge (narod) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ge (narod)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Gelao" title="Suku Gelao – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Suku Gelao" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelao" title="Gelao – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gelao" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Гэлао – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гэлао" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelao" title="Gelao – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gelao" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%A9k-l%C3%A2u-c%C5%ADk" title="Ngék-lâu-cŭk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ngék-lâu-cŭk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelao" title="Gelao – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gelao" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AA%E6%97%8F" title="コーラオ族 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コーラオ族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelao" title="Gelao – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gelao" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A4" title="گیلاؤ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گیلاؤ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelao" title="Gelao – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gelao" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelao_(etnia)" title="Gelao (etnia) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gelao (etnia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BE_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Гэлао (народ) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гэлао (народ)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelaot" title="Gelaot – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gelaot" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="கெலாவோ மக்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கெலாவோ மக்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelaolar" title="Gelaolar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gelaolar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%A1%E4%BD%AC%E6%97%8F" title="仡佬族 – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="仡佬族" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwzlaujcuz" title="Gwzlaujcuz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Gwzlaujcuz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_C%E1%BB%9D_Lao" title="Người Cờ Lao – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Cờ Lao" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%A1%E4%BD%AC%E6%97%8F" title="仡佬族 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="仡佬族" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%A1%E4%BD%AC%E6%97%8F" title="仡佬族 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="仡佬族" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%A1%E4%BD%AC%E6%97%8F" title="仡佬族 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="仡佬族" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q857536#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gelao_people" title="View the content page [c]" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group in China and Vietnam</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Gelao</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%BB%A3%E8%A5%BF%E9%9A%86%E6%9E%97%E9%BA%BC%E5%9F%BA%E6%9D%91%E4%BB%A1%E4%BD%AC%E6%97%8F%EF%BC%88%E5%A4%9A%E7%BE%85%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%EF%BC%89.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/%E5%BB%A3%E8%A5%BF%E9%9A%86%E6%9E%97%E9%BA%BC%E5%9F%BA%E6%9D%91%E4%BB%A1%E4%BD%AC%E6%97%8F%EF%BC%88%E5%A4%9A%E7%BE%85%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%EF%BC%89.jpg/220px-%E5%BB%A3%E8%A5%BF%E9%9A%86%E6%9E%97%E9%BA%BC%E5%9F%BA%E6%9D%91%E4%BB%A1%E4%BD%AC%E6%97%8F%EF%BC%88%E5%A4%9A%E7%BE%85%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%EF%BC%89.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/%E5%BB%A3%E8%A5%BF%E9%9A%86%E6%9E%97%E9%BA%BC%E5%9F%BA%E6%9D%91%E4%BB%A1%E4%BD%AC%E6%97%8F%EF%BC%88%E5%A4%9A%E7%BE%85%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%EF%BC%89.jpg/330px-%E5%BB%A3%E8%A5%BF%E9%9A%86%E6%9E%97%E9%BA%BC%E5%9F%BA%E6%9D%91%E4%BB%A1%E4%BD%AC%E6%97%8F%EF%BC%88%E5%A4%9A%E7%BE%85%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%EF%BC%89.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/%E5%BB%A3%E8%A5%BF%E9%9A%86%E6%9E%97%E9%BA%BC%E5%9F%BA%E6%9D%91%E4%BB%A1%E4%BD%AC%E6%97%8F%EF%BC%88%E5%A4%9A%E7%BE%85%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%EF%BC%89.jpg/440px-%E5%BB%A3%E8%A5%BF%E9%9A%86%E6%9E%97%E9%BA%BC%E5%9F%BA%E6%9D%91%E4%BB%A1%E4%BD%AC%E6%97%8F%EF%BC%88%E5%A4%9A%E7%BE%85%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%EF%BC%89.jpg 2x" data-file-width="526" data-file-height="344" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">550,000 (est.)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>: <a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> 4,003 (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-Census2019_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2019-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Gelao_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gelao language">Gelao</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/01780/chinese-ethnic-group/gelao.htm//">[1]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Gelao</b> people (also spelled <b>Gelo</b>) (<a href="/wiki/Gelao_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gelao language">Gelao</a>: <i>Klau</i>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">仡佬族</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Gēlǎozú</span></i>) are an <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic group</a> of China and Vietnam. They form one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_China" title="List of ethnic groups in China">56 ethnic groups</a> officially recognized by the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a>. However, many Gelao are also variously classified as <a href="/wiki/Yi_people" title="Yi people">Yi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miao_people" title="Miao people">Miao</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zhuang_people" title="Zhuang people">Zhuang</a> by the Chinese government. </p><p>They number approximately 438,200 and are mainly located in Gelao autonomous counties in the western part of <a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Wuchuan_Gelao_and_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Wuchuan Gelao and Miao Autonomous County">Wuchuan Gelao and Miao Autonomous County</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daozhen_Gelao_and_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County">Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County</a> in Zunyi. They are also found in <a href="/wiki/Liupanshui" title="Liupanshui">Liupanshui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anshun" title="Anshun">Anshun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dafang" class="mw-redirect" title="Dafang">Dafang</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bijie_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Bijie City">Bijie</a>. Some live in western <a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Longlin_Various_Nationalities_Autonomous_County" title="Longlin Various Nationalities Autonomous County">Longlin Various Nationalities Autonomous County</a>), southeastern <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a> and southern <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>. The main religion practiced is <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a> with a small but significant <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> minority. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelao_people&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Gelao people are often considered to be the aboriginal inhabitants of <a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a>. The ancestors of the Gelao were the <a href="/wiki/Rau_peoples" title="Rau peoples">Rau peoples</a>, who made up the population of ancient <a href="/wiki/Yelang" title="Yelang">Yelang</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelao_people&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gelao_languages" title="Gelao languages">Gelao languages</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Gelao_languages" title="Gelao languages">Gelao languages</a> belong to the <a href="/wiki/Kra%E2%80%93Dai_languages" title="Kra–Dai languages">Kra–Dai language family</a>. Today, only a small minority of the Gelao still speak this language. Since the various Gelao dialects differ greatly from each other, <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a> has been used as a <i><a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a></i> and is now the main language spoken by Gelaos. <a href="/wiki/Hmong_language" title="Hmong language">Hmong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuosu_language" title="Nuosu language">Nuosu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bouyei_language" title="Bouyei language">Bouyei</a> are also used. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelao_people&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gelao men's traditional suit consists of a jacket fastened up the side and long pants. Gelao women wear short jackets and narrow skirts, divided into three parts: The top section is elaborate in red wool, while the other two parts are made of black and white bordered fabric. Both men and women wear long scarves. </p><p>The Gelao make a two-stringed fiddle with a body made from a cow horn, called the <i><a href="/wiki/Jiaohu" title="Jiaohu">jiaohu</a></i> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A7%92" class="extiw" title="wikt:角">角</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%83%A1" class="extiw" title="wikt:胡">胡</a>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: jiǎohú) used in their traditional music. </p><p>The Gelao people have their own language, Gelao. At present, only a little over a thousand Gelao people can speak their traditional language. The Gelao language differs greatly from place to place due to scattered living. Most Gelao people speak several languages in the same language family, such as <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandarin language">Mandarin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miao_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Miao language">Miao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yi language">Yi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bouyei_language" title="Bouyei language">Bouyei</a>. </p><p>Gelao folk circulates oral literature such as poetry and proverbs. Ancient folk songs consist of long and short sentences of varying numbers of words. In the past two or three hundred years, they have been greatly influenced by the genre of Han poetry, and many have borrowed Chinese words and phrases. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language_2">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelao_people&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It was previously thought that the Gelao people only had a spoken language, not a written one. However, in September 2008, <i>The History of Jiu Tian Da Ling</i> (<a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>: <i>Record of the Nine Heavens</i>) was found in Guizhou. The book is kept by a Gelao person with a surname of Li in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qianbei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qianbei (page does not exist)">Qianbei</a>, whose ancestors were from the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>. A descendant of King Li Wentong of Gulao, he himself does not know what kind of book this is, but he has always inherited his ancestral teachings and treasures the book. The discovery of <i>Record of the Nine Heavens</i> fully proved that the Gelao people and their splendid culture have a long history, reaching back to ancient times. It not only has a written language, but it was also the earliest nation that advocated the concept of "harmony and harmony". The Gelao tribe invented their own words of tea, fireworks, copper, iron, etc. </p><p>Although the book identifies the distribution area of the Gelao ethnic group described in <i>Record of the Nine Heavens</i> in a manner consistent with information that circulated locally during the mid-1980s (for example, it states that the origin of the Gelao is in <a href="/wiki/Wuchuan_Gelao_and_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Wuchuan Gelao and Miao Autonomous County">Wuchuan</a>, but core parts of <a href="/wiki/Yelang" title="Yelang">Yelang</a> now lying in <a href="/wiki/Panjiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Panjiang">Panjiang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chishui,_Dehua_County" title="Chishui, Dehua County">Chishui</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a> are ignored), it deviates from local history records dating from the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a> dynasties. However, the description of the ancient song "Sue Genyou" in Gelao, and the <a href="/wiki/Classical_Chinese" title="Classical Chinese">classical Chinese</a> and Gelao language written in <i>The History of Nine Heavens</i> contain many grammatical errors, presenting the possibility of a modern-day forgery. </p><p>The Gelao people living in the western part of <a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Anshun" title="Anshun">Anshun</a>, used to have Gelao characters derived from Chinese characters, which had been used to record some folk songs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subgroups">Subgroups</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelao_people&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Subgroups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Gelao consist of various subgroups. Their historical exonyms, given in a provincial ethnic gazetteer from the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> era, include the following.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flowery_Gelao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flowery Gelao (page does not exist)">Flowery Gelao</a> 花仡佬</b>, in Qianwei 前卫, Pingfa 平伐司, Yongning 永宁州, Shibing 施秉, Longquan 龙泉, Huangping 黄平</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vandu_language" title="Vandu language">Red Gelao</a> 红仡佬</b>, in Qingshan 青山司, Anping 安平县, Renhuai 仁怀县, Liping 黎平府</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiantou/Cut-Head_Gelao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiantou/Cut-Head Gelao (page does not exist)">Jiantou/Cut-Head Gelao</a> 剪头仡佬</b>, in Guiding 贵定, Shibing 施秉, Huangping 黄平, Yongning 永宁</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tooth-Hitting_Gelao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tooth-Hitting Gelao (page does not exist)">Tooth-Hitting Gelao</a> 打牙仡佬</b>, in Pingyue 平越, Qianxi 黔西, Anping 安平, Yongping 永宁, Pingyuan 平远, Huangping 黄平, Qingzhen 清镇</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guoquan/Pot-Circle_Gelao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guoquan/Pot-Circle Gelao (page does not exist)">Guoquan/Pot-Circle Gelao</a> 锅圈仡佬</b>, in Pingyuan 平远, Anping 安平, Dading 大定</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Datie/Iron-Hit_Gelao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Datie/Iron-Hit Gelao (page does not exist)">Datie/Iron-Hit Gelao</a> 打铁仡佬</b>, in Pingyuan 平远州</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pipao/Robe_Gelao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pipao/Robe Gelao (page does not exist)">Pipao/Robe Gelao</a> 披袍仡佬</b>, in Pingyuan 平远, Anping 安平, Dading 大定</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shui/Water_Gelao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shui/Water Gelao (page does not exist)">Shui/Water Gelao</a> 水仡佬</b>, in Yuqing 余庆, Zhenyuan 镇远, Shibing 施秉, Yongning 永宁</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tu/Native/Indigenous_Gelao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tu/Native/Indigenous Gelao (page does not exist)">Tu/Native/Indigenous Gelao</a> 土仡佬</b>, in Weining 威宁</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yayi/Elegant_Gelao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yayi/Elegant Gelao (page does not exist)">Yayi/Elegant Gelao</a> 雅意仡佬</b>, in Yongning 永宁</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yi_people">Yi people</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelao_people&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Yi people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%BF" class="extiw" title="zh:羿">Yi</a> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%BE%BF" class="extiw" title="wikt:羿">羿</a>), who number no more 3,000 people, live in the <a href="/wiki/Chishui_City" title="Chishui City">Chishui</a> (赤水) area in <a href="/wiki/Xuyong_County" title="Xuyong County">Xuyong County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>, which is on the border with <a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> They are a subgroup of the Gelao but have a distinctive history. The Yi call themselves the <i>gau13</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang1993_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang1993-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In comparison, the Gelao of Xinzhai 新寨, Puding 普定, Guizhou, call themselves the <i>qau13</i>. The Yi live in:<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang1993_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang1993-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Chishui village 赤水镇, <a href="/wiki/Xuyong_County" title="Xuyong County">Xuyong County</a> 叙永县, Sichuan</li> <li>Napangou 纳盘沟, <a href="/wiki/Gulin_County" title="Gulin County">Gulin County</a> 古蔺县, Sichuan. According to the <i>Gulin County Gazetteer</i> (1993), ethnic Gelao and Yi are found on the northern banks of the Chishui River 赤水河, in Napan township 纳盘乡.</li> <li>Xiaohe 小河, Puyi 普宜, <a href="/wiki/Bijie_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Bijie City">Bijie</a> County 毕节县, Guizhou</li> <li>Yindi 阴底, <a href="/wiki/Bijie_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Bijie City">Bijie</a> County 毕节县, Guizhou</li></ul> <p>The <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%BF" class="extiw" title="zh:羿">Yi</a> have been mentioned since the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>, and were said to have come from the north. The Yi are also noted for their belief in the Zitong (子童) <a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">Bodhisattva</a> (菩萨).<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang1993_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang1993-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike most Gelao dialects, the Yi dialect uses a <a href="/wiki/Loloish_languages" title="Loloish languages">Loloish</a>-derived numeral system (Zhang 1993:424).<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang1993_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang1993-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gelao_in_Vietnam">Gelao in Vietnam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelao_people&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Gelao in Vietnam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, the Gelao are recognized as an official ethnic group. There are 2,636 Gelaos in Vietnam (2009), mostly inhabited in the karst plateau <a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%A0ng_Su_Ph%C3%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoàng Su Phì">Hoàng Su Phì</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_V%C4%83n_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Đồng Văn District">Đồng Văn</a> districts of <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_Giang_province" title="Hà Giang province">Hà Giang province</a>. They represent a majority in Túng Sán commune of Hoàng Su Phì. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelao_people&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_China" title="Languages of China">Languages of China</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelao_people&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Census2019-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census2019_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YK6iY-j0AfZTuip28Py2Gmz5P8zw04Rn/view?usp=sharing">"Report on Results of the 2019 Census"</a>. General Statistics Office of Vietnam<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+on+Results+of+the+2019+Census&rft.pub=General+Statistics+Office+of+Vietnam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdrive.google.com%2Ffile%2Fd%2F1YK6iY-j0AfZTuip28Py2Gmz5P8zw04Rn%2Fview%3Fusp%3Dsharing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGelao+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Guizhou County Gazetteer: Ethnic Gazetteer [贵州省志. 民族志] (2002). Guiyang: Guizhou Ethnic Publishing House [貴州民族出版社].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zhang1993-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang1993_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang1993_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang1993_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang1993_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">张済民/Zhang, Jimin. 仡佬语研究/Gelao yu yan jiu (A Study of Gelao). 贵阳市/Guiyang, China: 贵州民族出版社/Guizhou min zu chu ban she, 1993.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>Hoàng Thị Cáp. 2013. <i>Văn hóa dân gian của người Cơ Lao Dỏ</i>. Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản văn hóa thông tin. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-604-50-0400-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-604-50-0400-5">978-604-50-0400-5</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelao_people&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.china.org.cn/e-groups/shaoshu/shao-2-gelo.htm">http://www.china.org.cn/e-groups/shaoshu/shao-2-gelo.htm</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203031818/http://news.cultural-china.com/20090203171833.html">"Heaven Book" of the Gelao people</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=KKF">Ethnologue report on the Gelao language</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_China" title="Template:Ethnic groups in China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_China" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_China" title="List of ethnic groups in China">Ethnic groups in China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><u>Underlined</u>: the 56 <a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_China#Ethnic_groups_recognized_by_the_People's_Republic_of_China" title="List of ethnic groups in China">recognized ethnic groups</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sinitic_languages" title="Sinitic languages">Sinitic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Bai_people" title="Bai people">Bai</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caijia_language" title="Caijia language">Caijia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuanqing_people" title="Chuanqing people">Chuanqing</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese_subgroups" title="Han Chinese subgroups">subgroups</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Hui</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjia_people" title="Longjia people">Longjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waxiang_people" title="Waxiang people">Waxiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lolo-Burmese_languages" title="Lolo-Burmese languages">Lolo-Burmese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Achang_people" title="Achang people">Achang</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akha_people" title="Akha people">Akha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisu_language" title="Bisu language">Bisu</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Hani_people" title="Hani people">Hani</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Jino_people" title="Jino people">Jino</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kucong" title="Kucong">Kucong</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Lahu_people" title="Lahu people">Lahu</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laomian_language" title="Laomian language">Laomian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laopin_language" title="Laopin language">Laopin</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Lisu_people" title="Lisu people">Lisu</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosuo" title="Mosuo">Mosuo</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Nakhi_people" title="Nakhi people">Nakhi</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Nu_people" title="Nu people">Nu</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qixingmin_people" title="Qixingmin people">Qixingmin</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Yi_people" title="Yi people">Yi</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qiangic_languages" title="Qiangic languages">Qiangic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baima_people" title="Baima people">Baima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyalrong_people" title="Gyalrong people">Gyalrong</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Pumi_people" title="Pumi people">Pumi</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Qiang_people" title="Qiang people">Qiang</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" title="Tibetan people">Tibetic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Monpa_people" title="Monpa people">Monpa</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherpa_people" title="Sherpa people">Sherpa</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" title="Tibetan people">Tibetan</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mishmi_people" title="Mishmi people">Deng</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Derung_people" title="Derung people">Derung</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Jingpo_people" title="Jingpo people">Jingpo</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Lhoba_people" title="Lhoba people">Lhoba</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Tujia_people" title="Tujia people">Tujia</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Blang_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Blang people">Blang</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolyu" title="Bolyu">Bolyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_language" title="Hu language">Kunge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmu_people" title="Khmu people">Khmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolyu_language" title="Bolyu language">Lai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mang_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mang people">Mang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugan_language" title="Bugan language">Pakan</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Palaung_people" title="Palaung people">Ta'ang</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnamese in China">Vietnamese</a>(<a href="/wiki/Gin_people" title="Gin people">Jingzu</a>)</u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Wa_people" title="Wa people">Wa</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filipinos_in_China" title="Filipinos in China">Filipino</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_aborigines" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese aborigines">Gaoshan</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utsuls" title="Utsuls">Utsuls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hmong%E2%80%93Mien_languages" title="Hmong–Mien languages">Hmong-Mien</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gejia_people" title="Gejia people">Gejia</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Miao_people" title="Miao people">Miao</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_people" title="Hmong people">Hmong</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/She_people" title="She people">She</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Yao_people" title="Yao people">Yao</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongolic_languages" title="Mongolic languages">Mongolic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Bonan_people" title="Bonan people">Bonan</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Daur_people" title="Daur people">Daur</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Dongxiangs" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongxiangs">Dongxiang</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamnigan" title="Hamnigan">Hamnigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangjia_language" title="Kangjia language">Kangjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatso" title="Khatso">Khatso</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Mongols_in_China" title="Mongols in China">Mongols</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abaga_Mongols" title="Abaga Mongols">Abaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaganar" title="Abaganar">Abaganar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aohans" title="Aohans">Aohans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baarins" title="Baarins">Baarins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buryats" title="Buryats">Buryats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chahars" title="Chahars">Chahars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorlos_Mongols" title="Gorlos Mongols">Gorlos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalaids" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalaids">Jalaids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaruud" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaruud">Jaruud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalkha_Mongols" title="Khalkha Mongols">Khalkha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharchin_Mongols" title="Kharchin Mongols">Kharchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khishigten" title="Khishigten">Khishigten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorchin_Mongols" title="Khorchin Mongols">Khorchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gin_people" title="Gin people">Khuuchid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muumyangan" class="mw-redirect" title="Muumyangan">Muumyangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naimans" title="Naimans">Naimans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oirats" title="Oirats">Oirats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dzungar_people" title="Dzungar people">Dzungar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoid" title="Khoid">Khoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoshut" title="Khoshut">Khoshut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olot_people" title="Olot people">Olot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torghut" title="Torghut">Torghut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Mongols" title="Upper Mongols">Upper Mongols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onnigud" class="mw-redirect" title="Onnigud">Onnigud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_Mongols" title="Ordos Mongols">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Mongols" title="Sichuan Mongols">Sichuan Mongols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunud" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunud">Sunud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urad_Mongols" title="Urad Mongols">Urad</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Monguor_people" title="Monguor people">Monguor</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogwo_Arig" title="Sogwo Arig">Sogwo Arig</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Yugur" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugur">Yugur</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Yugur_language" title="Eastern Yugur language">Eastern</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kra%E2%80%93Dai_languages" title="Kra–Dai languages">Kra–Dai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Bouyei_people" title="Bouyei people">Bouyei</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buyang_people" title="Buyang people">Buyang</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Dai_people" title="Dai people">Dai</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Lue_people" title="Tai Lue people">Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Nua_people" title="Tai Nua people">Tai Nua</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Kam_people" title="Kam people">Dong</a></u></li> <li><u><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gelao</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Hlai_people" title="Hlai people">Li</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Maonan_people" title="Maonan people">Maonan</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B9ng_people" title="Nùng people">Nùng</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Mulao_people" title="Mulao people">Mulao</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qabiao_people" title="Qabiao people">Qabiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rau_peoples" title="Rau peoples">Rau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_people" title="Shan people">Shan</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Sui_people" title="Sui people">Sui</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_people" title="Yang people">Yang</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_people" title="Zhuang people">Zhuang</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tungusic_peoples" title="Tungusic peoples">Tungusic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Evenks" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenks">Evenks</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solon_people" title="Solon people">Solon</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Manchu_people" title="Manchu people">Manchus</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Nanai_people" title="Nanai people">Nanai</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Oroqen_people" title="Oroqen people">Oroqen</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Sibe_people" title="Sibe people">Sibes</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altai_people" title="Altai people">Altaians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%84ynu_people" title="Äynu people">Äynu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolan_people" title="Dolan people">Dolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyu_Kyrgyz_people" title="Fuyu Kyrgyz people">Fuyu Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ili_Turk_People" class="mw-redirect" title="Ili Turk People">Ili Turks</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs_in_China" title="Kazakhs in China">Kazakh</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_China" title="Kyrgyz in China">Kyrgyz</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Salar_people" title="Salar people">Salar</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Tatars" title="Chinese Tatars">Tatar</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvans" title="Tuvans">Tuvans</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks_in_China" title="Uzbeks in China">Uzbeks</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Yugur" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugur">Yugur</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Yugur_language" title="Western Yugur language">Western</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_China" title="Armenians in China">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranians_in_China" title="Iranians in China">Iranians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalis_in_China" title="Nepalis in China">Nepalis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daman_people" title="Daman people">Daman</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Russians_in_China" title="Russians in China">Russians</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Tajiks_of_Xinjiang" title="Tajiks of Xinjiang">Tajiks (Pamiris)</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhi_people" title="Wakhi people">Wakhis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Chinese" title="African Chinese">African Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_China" title="Indians in China">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese in China">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_China" title="History of the Jews in China">Jews</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng_Jews" title="Kaifeng Jews">Kaifeng Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_China" title="Koreans in China">Koreans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chaoxianzu" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaoxianzu">Chaoxianzu</a>)</u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macanese_people" title="Macanese people">Macanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivkh_people" title="Nivkh people">Nivkhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_China" title="Pakistanis in China">Pakistanis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han_nationalism" title="Han nationalism">Han nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han_chauvinism" title="Han chauvinism">chauvinism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_ethnic_nationalism" title="Local ethnic nationalism">Local ethnic nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minzu_(anthropology)" title="Minzu (anthropology)">Minzu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhonghua_minzu" title="Zhonghua minzu">Zhonghua minzu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immigrants and expatriates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Immigration_to_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Immigration_to_China" title="Template:Immigration to China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Immigration_to_China" title="Template talk:Immigration to China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration_to_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration to China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Immigration_to_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_China" title="Immigration to China">Immigration to China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">From Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_China" title="Armenians in China">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_people_in_China" title="Burmese people in China">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipinos_in_China" title="Filipinos in China">Filipinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_China" title="Indians in China">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israelis_in_China" title="Israelis in China">Israelis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranians_in_China" title="Iranians in China">Iranians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_people_in_China" title="Japanese people in China">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_community_of_Shanghai" title="Japanese community of Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_China" title="Koreans in China">Koreans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_community_of_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean community of Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalis_in_China" title="Nepalis in China">Nepalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_China" title="Pakistanis in China">Pakistanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gin_people" title="Gin people">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China-outline.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/China-outline.svg/80px-China-outline.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/China-outline.svg/120px-China-outline.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/China-outline.svg/160px-China-outline.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="850" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">From elsewhere</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Chinese" title="African Chinese">Africans</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Africans_in_Guangzhou" title="Africans in Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Africans_in_Hong_Kong" title="Africans in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americans_in_China" title="Americans in China">Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australians_in_China" title="Australians in China">Australians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britons_in_China" title="Britons in China">Britons</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Britons_in_Hong_Kong" title="Britons in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadians_in_China" title="Canadians in China">Canadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerians_in_China" title="Nigerians in China">Nigerians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poles_in_China" title="Poles in China">Poles</a></li> <li>Portuguese <small>(<a href="/wiki/Macanese_people" title="Macanese people">Macau</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians_in_China" title="Russians in China">Russians</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Albazinians" title="Albazinians">Albazinians</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Harbin_Russians" title="Harbin Russians">Harbin</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Russians" title="Shanghai Russians">Shanghai</a>)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_China" title="Demographics of China">Demographics of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_immigration_policy" title="Hong Kong immigration policy">Immigration to Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Macau" title="Immigration to Macau">Immigration to Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_China" title="History of the Jews in China">History of the Jews in China</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Hong_Kong" title="History of the Jews in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng_Jews" title="Kaifeng Jews">Kaifeng</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Under-occupied_developments_in_China" title="Under-occupied developments in China">Under-occupied developments in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_China" title="Illegal immigration to China">Illegal immigration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>For immigrants and expatriates in Hong Kong, see: <a href="/wiki/Template:Hong_Kongers" title="Template:Hong Kongers">Hong Kong people</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unrecognized_ethnic_groups_in_China" title="Unrecognized ethnic groups in China">Unrecognized ethnic groups in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_China" title="Immigration to China">Immigrant ethnic groups in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Chinese_history" title="Ethnic groups in Chinese history">Historic ethnic groups</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam_by_language_family" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Vietnam"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Vietnam"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Vietnam"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam_by_language_family" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Vietnam">Ethnic groups in Vietnam</a> by <a href="/wiki/Vietnam#Languages" title="Vietnam">language family</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vietic_languages" title="Vietic languages">Vietic</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A9t_people" title="Chứt people">Chứt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muong_people" title="Muong people">Mường</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ngu%E1%BB%93n_language" title="Nguồn language">Nguồn</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%95_people" title="Thổ people">Thổ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people" title="Vietnamese people">Việt (Kinh)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Austroasiatic (non-Vietic)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahnar_people" title="Bahnar people">Ba Na</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brau_people" title="Brau people">Brâu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bru_people" title="Bru people">Bru-Vân Kiều</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cor_people" title="Cor people">Co</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katu_people" title="Katu people">Cơ Tu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gie_Trieng_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Gie Trieng people">Giẻ Triêng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%27re_people" title="H're people">Hrê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khang_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Khang people">Kháng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmu_people" title="Khmu people">Khơ Mú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mang_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mang people">Mảng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnong_people" title="Mnong people">M'Nông</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stieng_people" title="Stieng people">Xtiêng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koho_people" title="Koho people">Cơ Ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%E1%BA%A1_people" title="Mạ people">Mạ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cho_Ro_people" title="Cho Ro people">Chơ Ro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_Du_people" title="O Du people">Ơ Đu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C6%A1_M%C4%83m_people" title="Rơ Măm people">Rơ Măm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta_Oi_people" title="Ta Oi people">Tà Ôi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ksingmul_people" title="Ksingmul people">Xinh Mun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xo_Dang_people" title="Xo Dang people">Xơ Đăng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Krom" title="Khmer Krom">Khmer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Hmong%E2%80%93Mien_languages" title="Hmong–Mien languages">Hmong–Dao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yao_people" title="Yao people">Dao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_people" title="Hmong people">H'Mông/Mông</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa_Then_people" title="Pa Then people">Pà Thẻn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Kra%E2%80%93Dai_languages" title="Kra–Dai languages">Tai–Kadai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouyei_people" title="Bouyei people">Bố Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gi%C3%A1y_people" title="Giáy people">Giáy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_people" title="Lao people">Lào</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Lue_people" title="Tai Lue people">Lự</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B9ng_people" title="Nùng people">Nùng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Chay_people" title="San Chay people">Sán Chay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tay_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tay people">Tày</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A1i_people_(Vietnam)" title="Thái people (Vietnam)">Thái</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Dam_people" title="Tai Dam people">Thái Đen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Daeng_people" title="Tai Daeng people">Thái Đỏ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_D%C3%B3n_people" title="Tai Dón people">Thái Trắng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phu_Thai_language" title="Phu Thai language">Phu Thái</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Thanh_language" title="Tai Thanh language">Tày Thanh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Pao_language" title="Tai Pao language">Thái Hàng Tổng</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cơ Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachi_people" title="Lachi people">La Chí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laha_people" title="Laha people">La Ha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qabiao_people" title="Qabiao people">Pu Péo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sui_people" title="Sui people">Thủy</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinitic_languages" title="Sinitic languages">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoa_people" title="Hoa people">Hoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%A1i_people" title="Ngái people">Ngái</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diu_people" title="San Diu people">Sán Dìu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phunoi_people" title="Phunoi people">Cống</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hani_people" title="Hani people">Hà Nhì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahu_people" title="Lahu people">La Hủ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B4_L%C3%B4_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Lô Lô people">Lô Lô</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%B9_L%C3%A1_people" title="Phù Lá people">Phù Lá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si_La_people" title="Si La people">Si La</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Malayo-Polynesian languages">Malayo-Polynesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chams" title="Chams">Chăm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churu_people" title="Churu people">Chu Ru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rade_people" title="Rade people">Ê Đê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarai_people" title="Jarai people">Gia Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raglai_people" title="Raglai people">Raglai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Expatriate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Vietnam" title="Indians in Vietnam">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_people_in_Vietnam" title="Japanese people in Vietnam">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Vietnam" title="Koreans in Vietnam">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Vietnam" title="History of the Jews in Vietnam">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerians_in_Vietnam" title="Nigerians in Vietnam">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_expatriates_in_Vietnam" title="Taiwanese expatriates in Vietnam">Taiwanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>Italic</i> – Not officially recognized</span></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Vietnam" title="Portal:Vietnam">Vietnam portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Vietnam">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority 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