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href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Kipa rootpage-Kipa skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Přeskočit na obsah</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hlavní menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hlavní menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hlavní menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigace </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hlavn%C3%AD_strana" title="Navštívit Hlavní stranu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hlavní strana</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:Obsah" title="Místo, kde najdete pomoc"><span>Nápověda</span></a></li><li id="n-helpdesk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Pot%C5%99ebuji_pomoc" title="Pokud si nevíte rady, zeptejte se ostatních"><span>Potřebuji pomoc</span></a></li><li id="n-featuredcontent" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Nejlep%C5%A1%C3%AD_%C4%8Dl%C3%A1nky" title="Přehled článků, které jsou považovány za nejlepší na české Wikipedii"><span>Nejlepší články</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:N%C3%A1hodn%C3%A1_str%C3%A1nka" title="Přejít na náhodně vybranou stránku [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Náhodný článek</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Posledn%C3%AD_zm%C4%9Bny" title="Seznam posledních změn na této wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Poslední změny</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Port%C3%A1l_Wikipedie" title="O projektu, jak můžete pomoci, kde hledat"><span>Komunitní portál</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Pod_l%C3%ADpou" title="Hlavní diskusní fórum"><span>Pod lípou</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hlavn%C3%AD_strana" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedie" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-cs.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.1875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Wikipedie: Otevřená encyklopedie" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-cs.svg" width="118" height="13" style="width: 7.375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Hled%C3%A1n%C3%AD" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Prohledat tuto wiki [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Hledání</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Hledat na Wikipedii" aria-label="Hledat na Wikipedii" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Prohledat tuto wiki [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speciální:Hledání"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Hledat</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Osobní nástroje"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Vzhled"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Změnit vzhled velikosti písma, šířky stránky a barvy" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vzhled" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vzhled</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cs.wikipedia.org&uselang=cs" class=""><span>Podpořte Wikipedii</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Vytvo%C5%99it_%C3%BA%C4%8Det&returnto=Kipa" title="Doporučujeme vytvořit si účet a přihlásit se, ovšem není to povinné" class=""><span>Vytvoření účtu</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:P%C5%99ihl%C3%A1sit&returnto=Kipa" title="Doporučujeme vám přihlásit se, ovšem není to povinné. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Přihlášení</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Další možnosti" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Osobní nástroje" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Osobní nástroje</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Uživatelské menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cs.wikipedia.org&uselang=cs"><span>Podpořte Wikipedii</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Vytvo%C5%99it_%C3%BA%C4%8Det&returnto=Kipa" title="Doporučujeme vytvořit si účet a přihlásit se, ovšem není to povinné"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Vytvoření účtu</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:P%C5%99ihl%C3%A1sit&returnto=Kipa" title="Doporučujeme vám přihlásit se, ovšem není to povinné. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Přihlášení</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stránky pro odhlášené editory <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:%C3%9Avod" aria-label="Více informací o editování"><span>dozvědět se více</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_p%C5%99%C3%ADsp%C4%9Bvky" title="Seznam editací provedených z této IP adresy [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Příspěvky</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_diskuse" title="Diskuse o editacích provedených z této IP adresy [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskuse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Obsah" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Obsah</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(úvod)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historický_vývoj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historický_vývoj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historický vývoj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historický_vývoj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Odkazy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Odkazy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Odkazy</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Bibliografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externí_odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externí_odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Externí odkazy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externí_odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Přepnout obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Přepnout obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kipa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Přejděte k článku v jiném jazyce. Je dostupný v 49 jazycích" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 jazyků</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%87" title="كيباه – arabština" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كيباه" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%87" title="كيباه – arabština (egyptská)" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كيباه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabština (egyptská)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ярмолка – běloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ярмолка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="běloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ермолка – bulharština" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ермолка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kippah" title="Kippah – bretonština" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kippah" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarmulka" title="Jarmulka – bosenština" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jarmulka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quip%C3%A0" title="Quipà – katalánština" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Quipà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipa" title="Kipa – cebuánština" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kipa" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kippa" title="Kippa – dánština" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kippa" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kippa" title="Kippa – němčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kippa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="němčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B9%CF%80%CE%AC" title="Κιπά – řečtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κιπά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="řečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kippah" title="Kippah – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kippah" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipao" title="Kipao – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kipao" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip%C3%A1" title="Kipá – španělština" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kipá" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španělština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kippa" title="Kippa – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kippa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="کیپا – perština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کیپا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipa" title="Kipa – finština" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kipa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kippa" title="Kippa – francouzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kippa" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francouzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip%C3%A1" title="Kipá – galicijština" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Kipá" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%94_(%D7%99%D7%94%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA)" title="כיפה (יהדות) – hebrejština" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כיפה (יהדות)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%AB%D5%BA%D5%A1" title="Կիպա – arménština" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կիպա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipah" title="Kipah – indonéština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kipah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonéština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kippah" title="Kippah – italština" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kippah" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%83%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC_(%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E8%A1%A3%E8%A3%85)" title="キッパー (民族衣装) – japonština" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キッパー (民族衣装)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%82%A4%ED%8C%8C" title="키파 – korejština" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="키파" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipa" title="Kipa – ladinština" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Kipa" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarmulka" title="Jarmulka – litevština" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jarmulka" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litevština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kippah" title="Kippah – malajština" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kippah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keppel_(hoofddeksel)" title="Keppel (hoofddeksel) – nizozemština" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Keppel (hoofddeksel)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipa" title="Kipa – norština (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kipa" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norština (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipa" title="Kipa – norština (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kipa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norština (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B9" title="ਕਿਪਾਹ – paňdžábština" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਿਪਾਹ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="paňdžábština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarmu%C5%82ka" title="Jarmułka – polština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jarmułka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quip%C3%A1" title="Quipá – portugalština" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Quipá" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kippah" title="Kippah – rumunština" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kippah" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ермолка – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ермолка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BE%D2%A5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Дьорбуоҥка – jakutština" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Дьорбуоҥка" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kippah" title="Kippah – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kippah" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipa" title="Kipa – slovenština" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kipa" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kippah" title="Kippah – sundština" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kippah" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kippa" title="Kippa – švédština" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kippa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE" title="கீப்பா – tamilština" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கீப்பா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipa" title="Kipa – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kipa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ярмулка – ukrajinština" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ярмулка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%81" title="کیپہ – urdština" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کیپہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipa" title="Kipa – uzbečtina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kipa" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kippah" title="Kippah – vietnamština" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kippah" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%9C" title="קאפל – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאפל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%B8%95_(%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99)" title="基帕 (猶太教) – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="基帕 (猶太教)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q215459#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editovat mezijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upravit odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Jmenné prostory"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kipa" title="Zobrazit obsahovou stránku [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Článek</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskuse:Kipa&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskuse ke stránce (stránka neexistuje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskuse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" 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href="/wiki/Kipa"><span>Číst</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kipa&veaction=edit" title="Editovat tuto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editovat</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kipa&action=edit" title="Editovat zdrojový kód této stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editovat zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kipa&action=history" title="Starší verze této stránky. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Zobrazit historii</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje ke stránce"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Nástroje" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Nástroje</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nástroje</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Další možnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Akce </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kipa"><span>Číst</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kipa&veaction=edit" title="Editovat tuto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editovat</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kipa&action=edit" title="Editovat zdrojový kód této stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editovat zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kipa&action=history"><span>Zobrazit historii</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Obecné </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Co_odkazuje_na/Kipa" title="Seznam všech wikistránek, které sem odkazují [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Odkazuje sem</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Souvisej%C3%ADc%C3%AD_zm%C4%9Bny/Kipa" rel="nofollow" title="Nedávné změny stránek, na které je odkazováno [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Související změny</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=cs" title="Nahrát obrázky či jiná multimédia [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Načíst soubor</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_str%C3%A1nky" title="Seznam všech speciálních stránek [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciální stránky</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kipa&oldid=23318631" title="Trvalý odkaz na současnou verzi této stránky"><span>Trvalý odkaz</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kipa&action=info" title="Více informací o této stránce"><span>Informace o stránce</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Citovat&page=Kipa&id=23318631&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informace o tom, jak citovat tuto stránku"><span>Citovat stránku</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKipa"><span>Získat zkrácené URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKipa"><span>Stáhnout QR kód</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tisk/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Kniha&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Kipa"><span>Vytvořit knihu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kipa&action=show-download-screen"><span>Stáhnout jako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kipa&printable=yes" title="Tato stránka v podobě vhodné k tisku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Verze k tisku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Na jiných projektech </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kippah" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q215459" title="Odkaz na propojenou položku datového úložiště [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Položka Wikidat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje ke stránce"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Vzhled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Vzhled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedie, otevřené encyklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cs" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Kippot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Kippot.jpg/220px-Kippot.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Kippot.jpg/330px-Kippot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Kippot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="294" /></a><figcaption>Prodejna kipot</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kipa</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrej%C5%A1tina" title="Hebrejština">hebr.</a>: כִּפָּה, pl. כיפות - <i>kipot</i>) nebo <b>jarmulka</b> (<a href="/wiki/Jidi%C5%A1" title="Jidiš">jidiš</a> יאַרמלקע - <i>jarmlke</i>) je <a href="/wiki/Pokr%C3%BDvka_hlavy" title="Pokrývka hlavy">pokrývka hlavy</a>, kterou věřící <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDid%C3%A9" title="Židé">židé</a> mužského pohlaví nosí ve shodě s tradicí svého <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1bo%C5%BEenstv%C3%AD" title="Náboženství">náboženství</a> (<a href="/wiki/Judaismus" title="Judaismus">judaismus</a>). Ta tvrdí, že člověk má mít hlavu pokrytou proto, aby nestál před <a href="/wiki/B%C5%AFh" title="Bůh">Bohem</a> nahý. Pokrývka hlavy u židů tedy vyjadřuje především úctu k Bohu. Zároveň je však považována i za okrasu a poctu.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Původ povinnosti ji nosit při konkrétních příležitostech se datuje do pobiblických dob. Podle <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmudu</a> je <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDid%C3%A9" title="Židé">žid</a> povinný nosit kipu při <a href="/wiki/Modlitba" title="Modlitba">modlitbě</a> a studiu <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B3ra" title="Tóra">Tóry</a>. Některé rabínské autority tento <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Azus" title="Úzus">úzus</a> rozšířily, a tak od <a href="/wiki/16._stolet%C3%AD" title="16. století">16.</a>-<a href="/wiki/17._stolet%C3%AD" title="17. století">17. století</a> nosí někteří věřící židé kipu neustále. Ortodoxní židé však upřednostňují místo kipy velké černé klobouky. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historický_vývoj"><span id="Historick.C3.BD_v.C3.BDvoj"></span>Historický vývoj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kipa&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editace sekce: Historický vývoj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kipa&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Historický vývoj"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Povinnost nošení pokrývky hlavy z náboženských důvodů u <a href="/wiki/Mu%C5%BE" title="Muž">mužů</a> byla pravděpodobně zavedena až během období kolem zničení <a href="/wiki/Druh%C3%BD_chr%C3%A1m" title="Druhý chrám">druhého Chrámu</a> a krátce po něm. První zmínka se nachází v traktátu <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0abat" title="Šabat">Šabat</a>, ve kterém se píše o respektu a bázni před <a href="/wiki/B%C5%AFh" title="Bůh">Bohem</a>. Některé zdroje tvrdí že kipa vzešla z pokrývky hlavy <a href="/wiki/Velekn%C4%9Bz" title="Velekněz">velekněze</a> (<i>micnefet</i>), který jejím prostřednictvím připomínal, že vždy je něco mezi ním a Bohem. Tato myšlenka měla jak <a href="/wiki/Filosofie" class="mw-redirect" title="Filosofie">filosofický</a>, tak i <a href="/wiki/Psychologie" title="Psychologie">psychologický</a> dopad. Z pohledu filosofie učinilo nošení <i>kipot</i> z každého člověka „velekněze“ a z židů svatý <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1rod" title="Národ">národ</a>. Psychologický vliv lze spatřovat v tom, že kipou doznáváme, že je Bůh nad námi. Podle Eli Birnbauma se kipa stala neoficiálním symbolem <a href="/wiki/Judaismus" title="Judaismus">židovství</a>, jež z osoby, která ji nosila, automaticky dělala věřícího žida a bylo pro takovou osobu těžší udělat něco „špatného“, poněvadž každý kolem ví, o koho jde a co se od něj očekává. </p><p>Nošení kipot se stalo běžné hlavně během <a href="/wiki/St%C5%99edov%C4%9Bk" title="Středověk">středověku</a>. Od této doby se mezi <a href="/wiki/Sfaradim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sfaradim">Sefardy</a> a <a href="/wiki/A%C5%A1kenazim" class="mw-redirect" title="Aškenazim">Aškenázy</a> stalo pokrytí hlavy zvykovým znakem mužské zbožnosti a ženské skromnosti. Odhalení hlavy (<i>giluj roš</i>) bylo spojováno s lehkovážností (<i>kalut roš</i>) a <a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a> je jako takové odsuzoval. Jedním z posilujících prvků bylo obrácení původní myšlenky zejména v <a href="/wiki/K%C5%99es%C5%A5anstv%C3%AD" title="Křesťanství">křesťanském</a> světě, kde se stalo smekání pokrývky hlavy symbolem respektu před jinou osobou. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:IDF-kippa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/IDF-kippa.jpg/220px-IDF-kippa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/IDF-kippa.jpg/330px-IDF-kippa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/IDF-kippa.jpg/440px-IDF-kippa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Kipa s akronymem <a href="/wiki/Izraelsk%C3%A9_obrann%C3%A9_s%C3%ADly" title="Izraelské obranné síly">CHL</a> (Izraelské obranné síly)</figcaption></figure> <p>Přinejmenším od 18. století se v místnosti nosí čepička z <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1tka" title="Látka">látky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sat%C3%A9n" title="Satén">saténu</a> nebo <a href="/wiki/Samet" title="Samet">sametu</a>. Během 20. století se stala velmi populární pletená nebo háčkovaná čepička (<i>kipa sruga</i>). Nosí se jako pokrývka hlavy v místnosti i venku. Tyto mohou být rovněž různých barev i velikostí. Velká výhoda pletených kipot je ta, že průduchy propouštějí čerstvý vzduch během např. horkého <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9to" title="Léto">léta</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Kipa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Kipa.jpg/220px-Kipa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Kipa.jpg/330px-Kipa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Kipa.jpg/440px-Kipa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1298" /></a><figcaption>Saténová kipa</figcaption></figure> <p>Kipa může (ale nemusí) sdělovat příslušnost majitele k náboženskému směru <a href="/wiki/Judaismus" title="Judaismus">judaismu</a>. Ortodoxní židé aškenázského ritu mají většinou velké, hladké a černé kipot, šité ze sametu nebo háčkované, nicméně ani to není pravidlem, neboť různé skupiny ortodoxních židů v Izraeli si oblíbily velké bílé pletené <i>kipot</i>. Věřící židé, kteří se nehlásí k <a href="/wiki/Ortodoxn%C3%AD_judaismus" title="Ortodoxní judaismus">ortodoxnímu judaismu</a>, pak většinou nosí háčkované kipot menší, různých barev a různě zdobené, od tradičních vzorů až po moderní, abstraktní či žertovné vzory (populární u dětí je např. „<a href="/wiki/Smajl%C3%ADk" title="Smajlík">smajlík</a>“). Stále ale platí, že není možné „kastovat“ židy podle druhu pokrývky hlavy. V současnosti záleží vzhled <i>kipy</i> čistě na majiteli a jeho vkusu. Je již běžné, že děvčata vyšívají jméno svého přítele na kipu na znamení jejich vztahu. Existují i humorné vzory jako např. obrázek <a href="/wiki/Homer_Simpson" title="Homer Simpson">Homera Simpsona</a> či <a href="/wiki/Mickey_Mouse" title="Mickey Mouse">Mickey Mouse</a>. Zvláštní <i>kipot</i> se šijí na slavnostní události, jako je <a href="/wiki/Svatba" title="Svatba">svatba</a> nebo <a href="/wiki/Bar_micva" title="Bar micva">Bar micva</a>. Ta je většinou <a href="/wiki/Sat%C3%A9n" title="Satén">saténová</a> v barvách bílé či modré, někdy je vnitřek <i>kipy</i> nadepsán údaji o oslavenci či ženichovi a nevěstě na paměť příležitosti, ke které byla <i>kipa</i> ušita. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Odkazy">Odkazy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kipa&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editace sekce: Odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kipa&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reference">Reference</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kipa&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editace sekce: Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kipa&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Reference"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elie_Munk" title="Elie Munk">MUNK, Elie</a>. <i>Svět modliteb</i>. Praha: Garamond, 2019. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/978-80-7407-459-2" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/978-80-7407-459-2"><span class="ISBN">978-80-7407-459-2</span></a></span>. S. 49.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitacemonografie&rft.btitle=Sv%C4%9Bt+modliteb&rft.isbn=978-80-7407-459-2&rft.aulast=Munk&rft.aufirst=Elie&rft.place=Praha&rft.pub=Garamond&rft.date=2019&rft.pages=49"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kipa&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editace sekce: Bibliografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kipa&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Bibliografie"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">NEWMAN, Ja'akov; SIVAN, Gavri'el. <i>Judaismus od A do Z</i>. Praha: Sefer, 1992. 285 s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/80-900895-3-4" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/80-900895-3-4"><span class="ISBN">80-900895-3-4</span></a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitacemonografie&rft.btitle=Judaismus+od+A+do+Z&rft.isbn=80-900895-3-4&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=Ja%27akov&rft.au=Sivan%2C+Gavri%27el&rft.place=Praha&rft.pub=Sefer&rft.date=1992&rft.tpages=285"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">SPIEGEL, Paul. <i>Kdo jsou Židé?</i>. Brno: Barrister & Principal, 2007. 228 s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/978-80-87029-07-7" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/978-80-87029-07-7"><span class="ISBN">978-80-87029-07-7</span></a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitacemonografie&rft.btitle=Kdo+jsou+%C5%BDid%C3%A9%3F&rft.isbn=978-80-87029-07-7&rft.aulast=Spiegel&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.place=Brno&rft.pub=Barrister+%26+Principal&rft.date=2007&rft.tpages=228"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Externí_odkazy"><span id="Extern.C3.AD_odkazy"></span>Externí odkazy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kipa&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editace sekce: Externí odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kipa&action=edit&section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Externí odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-commons"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Logo Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text">Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu <span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kippah" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Kippah">kipa</a></span> na <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></span><i> </i></li> <li><span class="sisterproject-inline"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> Encyklopedické heslo <strong><a href="https://cs.wikisource.org/wiki/Ott%C5%AFv_slovn%C3%ADk_nau%C4%8Dn%C3%BD/Jamu%C5%82ka" class="extiw" title="s:Ottův slovník naučný/Jamułka">Jamułka</a></strong> v <a href="/wiki/Ott%C5%AFv_slovn%C3%ADk_nau%C4%8Dn%C3%BD" title="Ottův slovník naučný">Ottově slovníku naučném</a> ve Wikizdrojích</span></li> <li><span style="cursor:help;" data-lang="en" title="Jazyk cíle odkazu: angličtina">(anglicky)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928003739/http://www.hagshama.org.il/en/resources/view.asp?id=41">Světová sionistická organizace, Hagšama - Eli Birnbaum - Kipa</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox noprint" title="Židovský život"><table title="" class="navbox-navbox mw-collapsible autocollapse nowraplinks noprint hlist" cellspacing="0" data-collapsetext="skrýt" data-expandtext="zobrazit"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r17064757">.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal}</style><tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-title" colspan="3"> <span class="navbox-titletext">Židovský život</span> </th> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">Narození</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0alom_zachar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šalom zachar (stránka neexistuje)">šalom zachar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brit_mila" title="Brit mila">brit mila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simchat_bat" title="Simchat bat">simchat bat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrejsk%C3%A9_jm%C3%A9no" title="Hebrejské jméno">hebrejské jméno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pidjon_ha-ben" title="Pidjon ha-ben">pidjon ha-ben</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td rowspan="13" class="navbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Star_of_David_3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Star_of_David_3.svg/72px-Star_of_David_3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="72" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Star_of_David_3.svg/108px-Star_of_David_3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Star_of_David_3.svg/144px-Star_of_David_3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Menora.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Menora.svg/64px-Menora.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Menora.svg/96px-Menora.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Menora.svg/128px-Menora.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="621" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">Dospívání</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Up%C5%A1erin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Upšerin (stránka neexistuje)">upšerin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wimpel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wimpel (stránka neexistuje)">wimpel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_micva" title="Bar micva">bar</a> a <a href="/wiki/Bat_micva" title="Bat micva">bat micva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Je%C5%A1iva" title="Ješiva">ješiva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolel (stránka neexistuje)">kolel</a></li></ul></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">Každodenní život</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ritu%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_myt%C3%AD_v_judaismu" title="Rituální mytí v judaismu">rituální mytí</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDidovsk%C3%A1_modlitba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Židovská modlitba (stránka neexistuje)">modlitby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Po%C5%BEehn%C3%A1n%C3%AD_(judaismus)" title="Požehnání (judaismus)">požehnání</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birkat_ha-mazon" title="Birkat ha-mazon">požehnání po jídle</a></li></ul></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">Manželství</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDidovsk%C3%A1_svatba" title="Židovská svatba">židovská svatba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%C5%A1ert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bašert (stránka neexistuje)">bašert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0iduch" title="Šiduch">dohazování</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDeny_v_judaismu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ženy v judaismu (stránka neexistuje)">role žen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nida_(judaismus)" title="Nida (judaismus)">nida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikve" title="Mikve">mikve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cni%27ut" title="Cni'ut">cni'ut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Get&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Get (stránka neexistuje)">rozvod</a></li></ul></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Judaismus" title="Judaismus">Náboženský život</a></td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/613_micvot" title="613 micvot">613 přikázání</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minhag" title="Minhag">zvyky</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Studium_T%C3%B3ry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Studium Tóry (stránka neexistuje)">studium Tóry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Para%C5%A1a" title="Paraša">paraša</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daf_jomi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daf jomi (stránka neexistuje)">daf jomi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDidovsk%C3%A9_sv%C3%A1tky" title="Židovské svátky">svátky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cdaka" title="Cdaka">cdaka</a></li></ul></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">Náboženské předměty</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even"> <div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sefer_Tora" title="Sefer Tora">sefer Tora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicit" title="Cicit">cicit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talit" title="Talit">talit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tfilin" title="Tfilin">tfilin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">kipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezuza" title="Mezuza">mezuza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanukija" title="Chanukija">chanukija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menora" title="Menora">menora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ofar" title="Šofar">šofar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitl" title="Kitl">kitl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cty%C5%99i_druhy" title="Čtyři druhy">čtyři druhy</a></li></ul></div> </td> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group">Smrt</td> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chevra_kadi%C5%A1a" title="Chevra kadiša">chevra kadiša</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachrichim" title="Tachrichim">tachrichim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDidovsk%C3%BD_zp%C5%AFsob_poh%C5%99b%C3%ADv%C3%A1n%C3%AD" title="Židovský způsob pohřbívání">pohřeb</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0iva_(judaismus)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šiva (judaismus) (stránka neexistuje)">šiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadi%C5%A1" title="Kadiš">kadiš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kniha_%C5%BEalm%C5%AF" title="Kniha žalmů">žalmy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDidovsk%C3%BD_zp%C5%AFsob_poh%C5%99b%C3%ADv%C3%A1n%C3%AD#Období_smutku" title="Židovský způsob pohřbívání">járcajt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jizkor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jizkor (stránka neexistuje)">jizkor</a></li></ul></div> </td> </tr></tbody></table> </div> 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