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id="toc-Offensive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Opening_advances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opening_advances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Opening advances </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opening_advances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Aleppo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Aleppo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Battle of Aleppo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Aleppo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_withdrawal_and_SDF_advances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_withdrawal_and_SDF_advances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Government withdrawal and SDF advances </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_withdrawal_and_SDF_advances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clashes_between_SDF_and_opposition_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clashes_between_SDF_and_opposition_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Clashes between SDF and opposition forces </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clashes_between_SDF_and_opposition_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capture_of_Hama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capture_of_Hama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Capture of Hama </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capture_of_Hama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capture_of_Homs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capture_of_Homs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Capture of Homs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capture_of_Homs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capture_of_Daraa,_Suwayda,_Deir_ez-Zor_and_Palmyra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capture_of_Daraa,_Suwayda,_Deir_ez-Zor_and_Palmyra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Capture of Daraa, Suwayda, Deir ez-Zor and Palmyra </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capture_of_Daraa,_Suwayda,_Deir_ez-Zor_and_Palmyra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fall_of_Damascus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fall_of_Damascus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Fall of Damascus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fall_of_Damascus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Closing_offensives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Closing_offensives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.9 Closing offensives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Closing_offensives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resumed_conflict_December_2024_to_present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resumed_conflict_December_2024_to_present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Resumed conflict December 2024 to present </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Resumed_conflict_December_2024_to_present-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Resumed conflict December 2024 to present subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Resumed_conflict_December_2024_to_present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Immediate_aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immediate_aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Immediate aftermath </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immediate_aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Reactions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reactions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Reactions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Domestic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Domestic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 International </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Involvement_of_other_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Involvement_of_other_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Involvement of other countries </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Involvement_of_other_countries-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Involvement of other countries subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Involvement_of_other_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Russia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Iran </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Israel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Turkey </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Ukraine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Analysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Analysis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">2024 Syrian opposition offensives</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" > 31 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_2024" title="هجوم المعارضة السورية 2024 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هجوم المعارضة السورية 2024" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%AA_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A3" title="২০২৪ সিরীয় বিদ্রোহীদের আক্রমণ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="২০২৪ সিরীয় বিদ্রোহীদের আক্রমণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%96_(2024)" title="Наступленне сірыйскай апазіцыі (2024) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Наступленне сірыйскай апазіцыі (2024)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argadeg_an_tu_enep_sirian_e_2024" title="Argadeg an tu enep sirian e 2024 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Argadeg an tu enep sirian e 2024" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofensiva_rebel_de_S%C3%ADria_de_2024" title="Ofensiva rebel de Síria de 2024 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ofensiva rebel de Síria de 2024" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofenz%C3%ADva_syrsk%C3%A9_opozice_(2024)" title="Ofenzíva syrské opozice (2024) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ofenzíva syrské opozice (2024)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opr%C3%B8r_i_Syrien_(2024)" title="Oprør i Syrien (2024) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Oprør i Syrien (2024)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebellenoffensive_in_Syrien_2024" title="Rebellenoffensive in Syrien 2024 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rebellenoffensive in Syrien 2024" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofensiva_del_noroeste_de_Siria_de_2024" title="Ofensiva del noroeste de Siria de 2024 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ofensiva del noroeste de Siria de 2024" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024ko_Siriako_ipar-mendebaldeko_erasoaldia" title="2024ko Siriako ipar-mendebaldeko erasoaldia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="2024ko Siriako ipar-mendebaldeko erasoaldia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B2%DB%B4_%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87" title="حملات ۲۰۲۴ اپوزیسیون سوریه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حملات ۲۰۲۴ اپوزیسیون سوریه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offensive_rebelle_de_2024_en_Syrie" title="Offensive rebelle de 2024 en Syrie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Offensive rebelle de 2024 en Syrie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024%EB%85%84_%EC%8B%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EB%B0%98%EA%B5%B0_%EA%B3%B5%EC%84%B8" title="2024년 시리아 반군 공세 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="2024년 시리아 반군 공세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A8%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B1%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Սիրիական ընդդիմության հարձակում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սիրիական ընդդիմության հարձակում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serangan_oposisi_Suriah_(2024)" title="Serangan oposisi Suriah (2024) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Serangan oposisi Suriah (2024)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offensiva_in_Siria_del_2024" title="Offensiva in Siria del 2024 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Offensiva in Siria del 2024" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D_(2024)" title="מתקפת המורדים הסורים (2024) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מתקפת המורדים הסורים (2024)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B_(2024)" title="Сирия оппозициясының шабуылы (2024) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сирия оппозициясының шабуылы (2024)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serangan_pemberontak_Syria_2024" title="Serangan pemberontak Syria 2024 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Serangan pemberontak Syria 2024" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebellenoffensief_in_Syri%C3%AB_(2024)" title="Rebellenoffensief in Syrië (2024) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rebellenoffensief in Syrië (2024)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024%E5%B9%B4%E3%82%B7%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E5%8F%8D%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E5%8B%A2%E5%8A%9B%E3%81%AE%E6%94%BB%E5%8B%A2" title="2024年シリア反政府勢力の攻勢 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="2024年シリア反政府勢力の攻勢" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofensivas_da_oposi%C3%A7%C3%A3o_s%C3%ADria_em_2024" title="Ofensivas da oposição síria em 2024 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ofensivas da oposição síria em 2024" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofensiva_opozi%C8%9Biei_din_Siria_(2024)" title="Ofensiva opoziției din Siria (2024) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ofensiva opoziției din Siria (2024)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_(2024)" title="Наступление сирийской оппозиции (2024) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Наступление сирийской оппозиции (2024)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives" title="2024 Syrian opposition offensives – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="2024 Syrian opposition offensives" data-language-autonym="Simple English" 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from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(2024)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (2024)">Northwestern Syria offensive (2024)</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">HTS-led military operation of the Syrian civil war</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="4" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">2024 Syrian opposition offensives</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(2024).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_%282024%29.jpg/250px-Northwestern_Syria_offensive_%282024%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_%282024%29.jpg/375px-Northwestern_Syria_offensive_%282024%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_%282024%29.jpg/500px-Northwestern_Syria_offensive_%282024%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10164" data-file-height="9156" /></a> Map of offensives in Syria <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;">  Controlled by <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Syria" title="Ba'athist Syria">Ba'athist Syria</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;">  Controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition_to_Bashar_al-Assad" title="Syrian opposition to Bashar al-Assad">Syrian opposition</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;">  Controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">Syrian Democratic Forces</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;">  Controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>27 November – 8 December 2024 (1 week and 4 days)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Syrian opposition victory <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Assad_regime" title="Fall of the Assad regime">Fall of the Assad regime</a></li> <li>Creation of the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_transitional_government" title="Syrian transitional government">Syrian transitional government</a></li> <li>Beginning of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Dawn_of_Freedom" title="Operation Dawn of Freedom">Operation Dawn of Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Israeli_invasion_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Israeli invasion of Syria">Israeli invasion of Syria</a> begins</li> <li>Start of a <a href="/wiki/Western_Syria_clashes_(December_2024%E2%80%93present)" title="Western Syria clashes (December 2024–present)">pro-Assadist insurgency</a> in Western Syria</li></ul></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Territorial changes</th><td> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition_to_Bashar_al-Assad" title="Syrian opposition to Bashar al-Assad">Syrian opposition</a> groups and <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria">Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria</a> take control of Syria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> occupies <a href="/wiki/Quneitra_Governorate" title="Quneitra Governorate">Quneitra Governorate</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:25%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian opposition">Syrian Opposition</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Salvation_Government" title="Syrian Salvation Government">Syrian Salvation Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition"><img alt="Syrian opposition" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Interim_Government" title="Syrian Interim Government">Syrian Interim Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition"><img alt="Syrian opposition" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Southern_Operations_Room" title="Southern Operations Room">Southern Operations Room</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-u291-2">[2]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition"><img alt="Syrian opposition" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Free_Army" title="Syrian Free Army">Syrian Free Army</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td><td style="width:25%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;padding-left:0.25em"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Syria" title="Ba'athist Syria">Syrian Government</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a><a href="#cite_note-rudaw-3">[3]</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a><a href="#cite_note-i610-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-terr-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/23px-InfoboxHez.PNG" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/35px-InfoboxHez.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/45px-InfoboxHez.PNG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a><a href="#cite_note-wsj20241204-7">[7]</a></li></ul></div></td><td style="width:25%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg/23px-De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg/35px-De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg/45px-De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria">Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria</a><a href="#cite_note-collapse4-8">[8]</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Seal_of_Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve.svg/15px-Seal_of_Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Seal_of_Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve.svg/23px-Seal_of_Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Seal_of_Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve.svg/30px-Seal_of_Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="415" data-file-height="415" /> <a href="/wiki/Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve">CJTF–OIR</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul></div></td><td style="width:25%;padding-left:0.25em"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:25%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Mohammad_al-Julani" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Mohammad al-Julani">Abu Mohammad al-Julani</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition"><img alt="Syrian opposition" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdurrahman_Mustafa" title="Abdurrahman Mustafa">Abdurrahman Mustafa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition"><img alt="Syrian opposition" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Awda" title="Ahmad al-Awda">Ahmad al-Awda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition"><img alt="Syrian opposition" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Salem_Turki_al-Antri" title="Salem Turki al-Antri">Salem Turki al-Antri</a></li></ul></div></td><td style="width:25%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Karim_Mahmoud_Ibrahim" title="Abdul Karim Mahmoud Ibrahim">Abdul Karim Mahmoud Ibrahim</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Suhayl_al-Hasan" title="Suhayl al-Hasan">Suhayl al-Hasan</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Mahmoud_(military_officer)" title="Ali Mahmoud (military officer)">Ali Mahmoud</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kioumars_Pourhashemi" title="Kioumars Pourhashemi">Kioumars Pourhashemi</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></li></ul></div></td><td style="width:25%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;padding-left:0.25em"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mazloum_Abdi" title="Mazloum Abdi">Mazloum Abdi</a></td><td style="width:25%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hafs_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Units involved</th></tr><tr><td style="width:25%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514" /><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Military_Operations_Command_(Syria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Military Operations Command (Syria)">Military Operations Command</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/InfoboxHTS.svg/23px-InfoboxHTS.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/InfoboxHTS.svg/35px-InfoboxHTS.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/InfoboxHTS.svg/46px-InfoboxHTS.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Hay%27at_Tahrir_al-Sham" title="Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham">Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham</a> <ul><li>Red Bands<a href="#cite_note-lister-13">[13]</a></li> <li>Thermal Brigades<a href="#cite_note-lister-13">[13]</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/WataniaTahrirFlag.svg/20px-WataniaTahrirFlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/WataniaTahrirFlag.svg/31px-WataniaTahrirFlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/WataniaTahrirFlag.svg/40px-WataniaTahrirFlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/National_Front_for_Liberation" title="National Front for Liberation">National Front for Liberation</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Ahrar_ash-Sham.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ahrar_ash-Sham.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Ahrar_ash-Sham.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ahrar_ash-Sham.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Ahrar_ash-Sham.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ahrar_ash-Sham.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ahrar_al-Sham" title="Ahrar al-Sham">Ahrar al-Sham</a><a href="#cite_note-newarab-14">[14]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_the_Sham_Legion.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Sham_Legion.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_the_Sham_Legion.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Sham_Legion.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_the_Sham_Legion.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Sham_Legion.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sham_Legion" title="Sham Legion">Sham Legion</a><a href="#cite_note-new-15">[15]</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Northern_storm_brigade_flag.png/20px-Northern_storm_brigade_flag.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Northern_storm_brigade_flag.png/31px-Northern_storm_brigade_flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Northern_storm_brigade_flag.png/40px-Northern_storm_brigade_flag.png 2x" data-file-width="1032" data-file-height="776" /> <a href="/wiki/Northern_Storm_Brigade" title="Northern Storm Brigade">Northern Storm Brigade</a><a href="#cite_note-new-15">[15]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaysh_al-Ahrar" title="Jaysh al-Ahrar">Jaysh al-Ahrar</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suqour_al-Sham" class="mw-redirect" title="Suqour al-Sham">Suqour al-Sham</a><a href="#cite_note-tel18dec-18">[18]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition"><img alt="Syrian opposition" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jaysh_al-Izza" title="Jaysh al-Izza">Jaysh al-Izza</a><a href="#cite_note-newarab-14">[14]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition"><img alt="Syrian opposition" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Army" title="Syrian National Army">Syrian National Army</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Al-Liwaa.svg/23px-Al-Liwaa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Al-Liwaa.svg/35px-Al-Liwaa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Al-Liwaa.svg/46px-Al-Liwaa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Nour_al-Din_al-Zenki_Movement" title="Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement">Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement</a><a href="#cite_note-new-15">[15]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition"><img alt="Syrian opposition" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dawn_of_Freedom_Operations_Room" title="Dawn of Freedom Operations Room">Dawn of Freedom Operations Room</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_and_Construction_Movement" title="Liberation and Construction Movement">Liberation and Construction Movement</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Jaysh_Al_Islam_white_flag.svg/23px-Jaysh_Al_Islam_white_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Jaysh_Al_Islam_white_flag.svg/35px-Jaysh_Al_Islam_white_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Jaysh_Al_Islam_white_flag.svg/46px-Jaysh_Al_Islam_white_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jaysh_al-Islam" title="Jaysh al-Islam">Jaysh al-Islam</a><a href="#cite_note-Independent-20">[20]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Al-Liwaa.svg/23px-Al-Liwaa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Al-Liwaa.svg/35px-Al-Liwaa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Al-Liwaa.svg/46px-Al-Liwaa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Levant_Front" title="Levant Front">Levant Front</a><a href="#cite_note-newarab-14">[14]</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_the_Sultan_Murad_Brigade.png/23px-Flag_of_the_Sultan_Murad_Brigade.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_the_Sultan_Murad_Brigade.png/35px-Flag_of_the_Sultan_Murad_Brigade.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_the_Sultan_Murad_Brigade.png/45px-Flag_of_the_Sultan_Murad_Brigade.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /> <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Murad_Division" title="Sultan Murad Division">Sultan Murad Division</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Joint Forces<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamza_Division_(Aleppo)" title="Hamza Division (Aleppo)">Hamza Division</a><a href="#cite_note-Independent-20">[20]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Suleiman_Shah_Division" title="Sultan Suleiman Shah Division">Sultan Suleiman Shah Division</a><a href="#cite_note-Independent-20">[20]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_the_Turkistan_Islamic_Party_in_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Turkistan_Islamic_Party_in_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_the_Turkistan_Islamic_Party_in_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Turkistan_Islamic_Party_in_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_the_Turkistan_Islamic_Party_in_Syria.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Turkistan_Islamic_Party_in_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="898" data-file-height="533" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkistan_Islamic_Party_in_Syria" title="Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria">Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Infobox_Ajnad_al-Kavkaz_flag.png/23px-Infobox_Ajnad_al-Kavkaz_flag.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Infobox_Ajnad_al-Kavkaz_flag.png/35px-Infobox_Ajnad_al-Kavkaz_flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Infobox_Ajnad_al-Kavkaz_flag.png/46px-Infobox_Ajnad_al-Kavkaz_flag.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="260" /> <a href="/wiki/Ajnad_al-Kavkaz" title="Ajnad al-Kavkaz">Ajnad al-Kavkaz</a><a href="#cite_note-TRAC-24">[24]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Jaish_al-Muhajireen_wal-Ansar.svg/23px-Jaish_al-Muhajireen_wal-Ansar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Jaish_al-Muhajireen_wal-Ansar.svg/35px-Jaish_al-Muhajireen_wal-Ansar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Jaish_al-Muhajireen_wal-Ansar.svg/46px-Jaish_al-Muhajireen_wal-Ansar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="991" /> <a href="/wiki/Liwa_al-Muhajireen_wal-Ansar" title="Liwa al-Muhajireen wal-Ansar">Liwa al-Muhajireen wal-Ansar</a><a href="#cite_note-TRAC-24">[24]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_Ansar_al-Tawhid.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ansar_al-Tawhid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_Ansar_al-Tawhid.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ansar_al-Tawhid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_Ansar_al-Tawhid.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ansar_al-Tawhid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="667" data-file-height="384" /> <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Tawhid_(Syria)" title="Ansar al-Tawhid (Syria)">Ansar al-Tawhid</a><a href="#cite_note-fdd-25">[25]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ansar_al-Islam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ansar_al-Islam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ansar_al-Islam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ansar_al-Islam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ansar_al-Islam.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ansar_al-Islam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="319" data-file-height="195" /> <a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_Ansar_al-Islam" title="Jama'at Ansar al-Islam">Jama'at Ansar al-Islam</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Imam_Bukhari_Jamaat_flag.svg/23px-Imam_Bukhari_Jamaat_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Imam_Bukhari_Jamaat_flag.svg/35px-Imam_Bukhari_Jamaat_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Imam_Bukhari_Jamaat_flag.svg/46px-Imam_Bukhari_Jamaat_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="291" data-file-height="173" /> <a href="/wiki/Imam_Bukhari_Jamaat" title="Imam Bukhari Jamaat">Imam Bukhari Jamaat</a><a href="#cite_note-fdd-25">[25]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Flag_of_Katibat_al-Ghuraba_al-Turkestan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Katibat_al-Ghuraba_al-Turkestan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Flag_of_Katibat_al-Ghuraba_al-Turkestan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Katibat_al-Ghuraba_al-Turkestan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Flag_of_Katibat_al-Ghuraba_al-Turkestan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Katibat_al-Ghuraba_al-Turkestan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Katibat_al-Ghuraba_al-Turkistan" title="Katibat al-Ghuraba al-Turkistan">Katibat al-Ghuraba al-Turkistan</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Katibat_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Katibat_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Katibat_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Katibat_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Katibat_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad.svg/46px-Flag_of_Katibat_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Katibat_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad" title="Katibat al-Tawhid wal-Jihad">Katibat al-Tawhid wal-Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition"><img alt="Syrian opposition" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Southern_Operations_Room" title="Southern Operations Room">Southern Operations Room</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria"><img alt="Syria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/5th_Assault_Corps_(Syria)" title="5th Assault Corps (Syria)">Syrian Army 5th Corps' 8th Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition"><img alt="Syrian opposition" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Central_Committees_(Syria)" title="Central Committees (Syria)">Central Committee</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Civil_flag_of_Jabal_ad-Druze_%281921-1936%29.svg/23px-Civil_flag_of_Jabal_ad-Druze_%281921-1936%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Civil_flag_of_Jabal_ad-Druze_%281921-1936%29.svg/35px-Civil_flag_of_Jabal_ad-Druze_%281921-1936%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Civil_flag_of_Jabal_ad-Druze_%281921-1936%29.svg/45px-Civil_flag_of_Jabal_ad-Druze_%281921-1936%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_al-Karama_Forces" title="Sheikh al-Karama Forces">Sheikh al-Karama Forces</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Civil_flag_of_Jabal_ad-Druze_%281921-1936%29.svg/23px-Civil_flag_of_Jabal_ad-Druze_%281921-1936%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Civil_flag_of_Jabal_ad-Druze_%281921-1936%29.svg/35px-Civil_flag_of_Jabal_ad-Druze_%281921-1936%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Civil_flag_of_Jabal_ad-Druze_%281921-1936%29.svg/45px-Civil_flag_of_Jabal_ad-Druze_%281921-1936%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_al-Karama_Forces#Men_of_Dignity" title="Sheikh al-Karama Forces">Men of Dignity</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Civil_flag_of_Jabal_ad-Druze_%281921-1936%29.svg/23px-Civil_flag_of_Jabal_ad-Druze_%281921-1936%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Civil_flag_of_Jabal_ad-Druze_%281921-1936%29.svg/35px-Civil_flag_of_Jabal_ad-Druze_%281921-1936%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Civil_flag_of_Jabal_ad-Druze_%281921-1936%29.svg/45px-Civil_flag_of_Jabal_ad-Druze_%281921-1936%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Al-Jabal_Brigade" title="Al-Jabal Brigade">Al-Jabal Brigade</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:25%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514" /><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Armed_Forces_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Armed_Forces_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Armed_Forces_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Armed_Forces_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Armed_Forces_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Armed_Forces_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Arab_Armed_Forces" title="Syrian Arab Armed Forces">Syrian Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Army.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /> <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Arab_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Arab Army">Syrian Army</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Air_Force.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Air_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Air_Force.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Air_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Air_Force.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Air_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="350" /> <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Arab_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Arab Air Force">Syrian Air Force</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/InfoboxNDF.png/22px-InfoboxNDF.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/InfoboxNDF.png/33px-InfoboxNDF.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/InfoboxNDF.png/43px-InfoboxNDF.png 2x" data-file-width="381" data-file-height="268" /> <a href="/wiki/National_Defence_Forces_(Syria)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Defence Forces (Syria)">National Defense Forces</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Banner_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%28obverse%29.svg/22px-Banner_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%28obverse%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Banner_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%28obverse%29.svg/34px-Banner_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%28obverse%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Banner_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%28obverse%29.svg/45px-Banner_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%28obverse%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="1300" /> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Russian Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Russian_Air_Force.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Air_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Russian_Air_Force.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Air_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Russian_Air_Force.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Air_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Air_Force" title="Russian Air Force">Russian Air Force</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%93%D0%A8_%D0%92%D0%A1_%D0%A0%D0%A4.png/23px-%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%93%D0%A8_%D0%92%D0%A1_%D0%A0%D0%A4.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%93%D0%A8_%D0%92%D0%A1_%D0%A0%D0%A4.png/35px-%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%93%D0%A8_%D0%92%D0%A1_%D0%A0%D0%A4.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%93%D0%A8_%D0%92%D0%A1_%D0%A0%D0%A4.png/45px-%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%93%D0%A8_%D0%92%D0%A1_%D0%A0%D0%A4.png 2x" data-file-width="649" data-file-height="431" /> <a href="/wiki/Spetsnaz_GRU" title="Spetsnaz GRU">Spetsnaz GRU</a><a href="#cite_note-russia-27">[27]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source?</a>]</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flag_of_National_Guard_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg/23px-Flag_of_National_Guard_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flag_of_National_Guard_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg/35px-Flag_of_National_Guard_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flag_of_National_Guard_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg/45px-Flag_of_National_Guard_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group" title="Wagner Group">Wagner Group</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_the_Army_of_the_Guardians_of_the_Islamic_Revolution.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_Army_of_the_Guardians_of_the_Islamic_Revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_the_Army_of_the_Guardians_of_the_Islamic_Revolution.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Army_of_the_Guardians_of_the_Islamic_Revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_the_Army_of_the_Guardians_of_the_Islamic_Revolution.svg/41px-Flag_of_the_Army_of_the_Guardians_of_the_Islamic_Revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1423" data-file-height="1041" /> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps" title="Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps">Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Quds_Force.svg/21px-Flag_of_Quds_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Quds_Force.svg/32px-Flag_of_Quds_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Quds_Force.svg/41px-Flag_of_Quds_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1408" data-file-height="1026" /> <a href="/wiki/Quds_Force" title="Quds Force">Quds Force</a><a href="#cite_note-rudaw-3">[3]</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td><td style="width:25%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514" /><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">Syrian Democratic Forces</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/People%27s_Protection_Units_Flag.svg/23px-People%27s_Protection_Units_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/People%27s_Protection_Units_Flag.svg/35px-People%27s_Protection_Units_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/People%27s_Protection_Units_Flag.svg/46px-People%27s_Protection_Units_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Defense_Units" title="People's Defense Units">People's Defense Units</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/YPJ_Flag.svg/23px-YPJ_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/YPJ_Flag.svg/35px-YPJ_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/YPJ_Flag.svg/46px-YPJ_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Protection_Units" title="Women's Protection Units">Women's Protection Units</a><a href="#cite_note-YPJ-29">[29]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Infobox_al-Bab_Military_Council.png/23px-Infobox_al-Bab_Military_Council.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Infobox_al-Bab_Military_Council.png/35px-Infobox_al-Bab_Military_Council.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Infobox_al-Bab_Military_Council.png/46px-Infobox_al-Bab_Military_Council.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="275" /> <a href="/wiki/Al-Bab_Military_Council" title="Al-Bab Military Council">Al-Bab Military Council</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manbij_Military_Council" title="Manbij Military Council">Manbij Military Council</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces_military_councils#Tabqa" title="Syrian Democratic Forces military councils">Tabqa Military Council</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashrafieh_Liberation_Forces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashrafieh Liberation Forces (page does not exist)">Ashrafieh Liberation Forces</a><a href="#cite_note-YPJ-29">[29]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheikh_Maqsoud_Liberation_Forces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sheikh Maqsoud Liberation Forces (page does not exist)">Sheikh Maqsoud Liberation Forces</a><a href="#cite_note-YPJ-29">[29]</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:25%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1116488514" /><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Military of the Islamic State">Military of the Islamic State</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:25%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/InfoboxHTS.svg/23px-InfoboxHTS.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/InfoboxHTS.svg/35px-InfoboxHTS.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/InfoboxHTS.svg/46px-InfoboxHTS.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="500" /> 15,000 (est. 2022)<a href="#cite_note-documents-dds-ny.un.org-33">[33]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Talk:2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives#The_size_of_forces_in_Infobox" title="Talk:2024 Syrian opposition offensives">discuss</a>]</li><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition"><img alt="Syrian opposition" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> 70,000–90,000 (est. 2020)<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Talk:2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives#The_size_of_forces_in_Infobox" title="Talk:2024 Syrian opposition offensives">discuss</a>]</li></ul></div></td><td style="width:25%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Army.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Arab_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /> 170,000 (2023)<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Talk:2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives#The_size_of_forces_in_Infobox" title="Talk:2024 Syrian opposition offensives">discuss</a>]</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/InfoboxNDF.png/22px-InfoboxNDF.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/InfoboxNDF.png/33px-InfoboxNDF.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/InfoboxNDF.png/43px-InfoboxNDF.png 2x" data-file-width="381" data-file-height="268" /> 50,000 (2023)<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Talk:2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives#The_size_of_forces_in_Infobox" title="Talk:2024 Syrian opposition offensives">discuss</a>]</li></ul></div></td><td style="width:25%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;padding-left:0.25em"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> 100,000 (2021)<a href="#cite_note-Mahmud-2023-37">[37]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Talk:2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives#The_size_of_forces_in_Infobox" title="Talk:2024 Syrian opposition offensives">discuss</a>]</td><td style="width:25%;padding-left:0.25em"> Unclear</td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:25%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> 311 killed<a href="#cite_note-casdec3-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-dec524-39">[39]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition"><img alt="Syrian opposition" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> 60 killed<a href="#cite_note-dec524-39">[39]</a></li><li><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1,000 killed (Assad government claim)<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></li></ul></div></td><td style="width:25%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Syria" title="Ba'athist Syria"><img alt="Ba'athist Syria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> 220 killed,<a href="#cite_note-dec524-39">[39]</a> 21 captured<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Shiite_Resistance_flag.svg/23px-Shiite_Resistance_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Shiite_Resistance_flag.svg/35px-Shiite_Resistance_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Shiite_Resistance_flag.svg/45px-Shiite_Resistance_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> 25 pro-Iranian militiamen killed<a href="#cite_note-dec524-39">[39]</a> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a> 15 <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps" title="Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps">IRGC</a> killed<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> 1+ killed</td><td style="width:25%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;;padding-left:0.25em"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> 3 killed and several captured<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-YPJ-29">[29]</a></td><td style="width:25%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> 11 arrested<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> 111 civilians killed<a href="#cite_note-46">[note 1]</a> 370,000 civilians displaced<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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the Syrian civil war">Casualties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_of_cities_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Control of cities during the Syrian civil war">Cities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Syrian_Civil_War_detailed_map" title="Template:Syrian Civil War detailed map">map</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_in_Syria" title="List of terrorist incidents in Syria">Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="List of massacres during the Syrian civil war">Massacres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin: 0; float: right; clear: right; width: 25em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;;float:right; clear:right; margin:0.2em 0 0.2em 0.5em; width:300px; display:table;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #CEE0F2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_civil_uprising_phase_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox civil uprising phase of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_civil_uprising_phase_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox civil uprising phase of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_civil_uprising_phase_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox civil uprising phase of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Civil_uprising_in_Syria_(March–August_2011)133" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Civil_uprising_phase_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil uprising phase of the Syrian civil war">Civil uprising in Syria</a> (March–August 2011)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Daraa" title="Siege of Daraa">Daraa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Baniyas" title="Siege of Baniyas">Baniyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Homs" title="Siege of Homs">Homs (May–August 2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Talkalakh_(May_2011)" title="Siege of Talkalakh (May 2011)">Talkalakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rastan_and_Talbiseh" title="Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh">Rastan and Talbiseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2011_Jisr_ash-Shughur_clashes" title="June 2011 Jisr ash-Shughur clashes">1st Jisr ash-Shughur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_2011_Jabal_al-Zawiya_operation" title="Summer 2011 Jabal al-Zawiya operation">1st Jabal al-Zawiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hama_(2011)" title="Siege of Hama (2011)">Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Latakia" title="Siege of Latakia">Latakia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_early_insurgency_phase_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox early insurgency phase of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_early_insurgency_phase_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox early insurgency phase of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_early_insurgency_phase_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox early insurgency phase of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Start_of_insurgency_(Sept._2011_–_April_2012)2762" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Early_insurgency_phase_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Early insurgency phase of the Syrian civil war">Start of insurgency</a> (Sept. 2011 – April 2012)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Homs" title="Siege of Homs">Homs (2011–14)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Homs_offensive" title="2012 Homs offensive">1st Homs offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(September_2011_%E2%80%93_March_2012)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (September 2011 – March 2012)">1st Idlib Gov.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_2011_Syrian%E2%80%93Turkish_border_clash" title="December 2011 Syrian–Turkish border clash">Syrian–Turkish border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2011_Jabal_al-Zawiya_massacres" title="December 2011 Jabal al-Zawiya massacres">Jabal al-Zawiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Idlib_(2012)" title="Battle of Idlib (2012)">1st Idlib City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saraqib" title="Battle of Saraqib">Saraqib</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rastan_(2011)" title="Battle of Rastan (2011)">1st Rastan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_Governorate_clashes_(2011%E2%80%932012)" title="Hama Governorate clashes (2011–2012)">Hama Gov.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shayrat_and_Tiyas_airbase_ambush" title="Shayrat and Tiyas airbase ambush">Shayrat & Tiyas ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_Governorate_clashes_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Daraa Governorate clashes (2011–2013)">Daraa Gov.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_clashes_(November_2011%E2%80%93March_2012)" title="Rif Dimashq clashes (November 2011–March 2012)">1st Rif Dimashq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zabadani_(2012)" title="Battle of Zabadani (2012)">1st Zabadani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Douma" title="Battle of Douma">Douma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_clashes_(2011%E2%80%932014)" title="Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014)">Deir ez-Zor (2011–2014)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hatla_massacre" title="Hatla massacre">Hatla</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Aleppo_Governorate_clashes" title="2012 Aleppo Governorate clashes">Aleppo Gov.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Azaz_(2012)" title="Battle of Azaz (2012)">Azaz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rastan_(January%E2%80%93February_2012)" title="Battle of Rastan (January–February 2012)">2nd Rastan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qusayr_(2012)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of al-Qusayr (2012)">1st al-Qusayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2012_Idlib_Governorate_Operation" title="April 2012 Idlib Governorate Operation">2nd Idlib Gov.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Taftanaz" title="Battle of Taftanaz">Taftanaz</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_cease-fire_period_and_start_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox cease-fire period and start of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_cease-fire_period_and_start_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox cease-fire period and start of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_cease-fire_period_and_start_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox cease-fire period and start of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="UN_ceasefire;_Rebel_advances_(May_2012_–_Dec._2013)6058" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan_Syrian_peace_plan" title="Kofi Annan Syrian peace plan">UN ceasefire</a>; <a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%932013_escalation_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="2012–2013 escalation of the Syrian civil war">Rebel advances</a> (May 2012 – Dec. 2013)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rastan_(May_2012)" title="Battle of Rastan (May 2012)">3rd Rastan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houla_massacre" title="Houla massacre">Houla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Northern_Homs" title="Siege of Northern Homs">1st Northern Homs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Haffah" title="Battle of al-Haffah">Al-Haffah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qubeir_massacre" title="Al-Qubeir massacre">Al-Qubeir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tremseh" title="Battle of Tremseh">Al-Tremseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(June_2012%E2%80%93April_2013)" class="mw-redirect" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (June 2012–April 2013)">3rd Idlib Gov.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Damascus_(2012)" title="Battle of Damascus (2012)">1st Damascus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18_July_2012_Damascus_bombing" title="18 July 2012 Damascus bombing">Bombing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aleppo_(2012%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016)">1st Aleppo city</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anadan" title="Battle of Anadan">Anadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Menagh_Air_Base" title="Siege of Menagh Air Base">Menagh Air Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Base_46" title="Siege of Base 46">Base 46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_al-Assal_massacre" title="Khan al-Assal massacre">Khan al-Assal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October%E2%80%93December_2013)" title="Aleppo offensive (October–December 2013)">1st Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Canopus_Star" title="Operation Canopus Star">2nd Aleppo offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rojava_conflict" title="Rojava conflict">Syrian Kurdistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rojava%E2%80%93Islamist_conflict" title="Rojava–Islamist conflict">Kurdish–Islamist conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah_Governorate_campaign_(2012%E2%80%932014)" title="Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–2014)">Hasaka campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ras_al-Ayn_(2012%E2%80%9313)" title="Battle of Ras al-Ayn (2012–13)">Ras al-Ayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Yaarubiyah" title="Battle of al-Yaarubiyah">al-Yaarubiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Hamis_and_Tell_Brak_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (2013–2014)">Tell Hamis and Tell Brak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Abyad_(2013)" title="Battle of Tell Abyad (2013)">Tell Abyad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Nubl_and_al-Zahraa" title="Siege of Nubl and al-Zahraa">Nubl & Al-Zahraa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(August%E2%80%93October_2012)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (August–October 2012)">2nd Rif Dimashq</a> (<a href="/wiki/Darayya_massacre" title="Darayya massacre">1st Darayya</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Abu_al-Duhur_Airbase" title="Siege of Abu al-Duhur Airbase">Abu al-Duhur Airbase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_Governorate_clashes_(2012%E2%80%932014)" title="Quneitra Governorate clashes (2012–2014)">Quneitra Gov.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(November_2012%E2%80%93February_2013)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (November 2012–February 2013)">3rd Rif Dimashq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yarmouk_Camp_(December_2012)" title="Battle of Yarmouk Camp (December 2012)">1st Yarmouk camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Darayya_(November_2012%E2%80%93February_2013)" title="Battle of Darayya (November 2012–February 2013)">2nd Darayya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Darayya_and_Muadamiyat" title="Siege of Darayya and Muadamiyat">Darayya & Muadamiyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqrab_massacre" title="Aqrab massacre">Aqrab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Hama_offensive" title="2012 Hama offensive">1st Hama offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halfaya_massacre_(2012)" title="Halfaya massacre (2012)">Halfaya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Safira" title="Battle of Safira">1st Safira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shaddadi_(2013)" title="Battle of Shaddadi (2013)">Shadadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_offensive_(2013)" title="Damascus offensive (2013)">2nd Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2012%E2%80%932013)" title="Raqqa campaign (2012–2013)">1st Raqqa campaign</a> (<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2013)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2013)">1st Raqqa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Daraa_offensive" title="2013 Daraa offensive">1st Daraa offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(March%E2%80%93August_2013)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (March–August 2013)">4th Rif Dimashq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jdaidet_al-Fadl" title="Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl">Jdaidet al-Fadl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadamon_massacre" title="Tadamon massacre">Tadamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghouta_chemical_attack" title="Ghouta chemical attack">Ghouta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qusayr_(2013)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of al-Qusayr (2013)">2nd al-Qusayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qusayr_offensive" title="Al-Qusayr offensive">3rd al-Qusayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Eastern_Ghouta" title="Siege of Eastern Ghouta">Eastern Ghouta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Hama_offensive" title="2013 Hama offensive">2nd Hama offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayda_and_Baniyas_massacres" title="Bayda and Baniyas massacres">Bayda and Baniyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Latakia_offensive" title="2013 Latakia offensive">1st Latakia offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maaloula" title="Battle of Maaloula">Ma'loula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sadad" title="Battle of Sadad">Sadad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(September%E2%80%93November_2013)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (September–November 2013)">5th Rif Dimashq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qalamoun_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Battle of Qalamoun (2013–2014)">1st Qalamoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adra_massacre" title="Adra massacre">Adra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_rise_of_the_Islamists_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox rise of the Islamists in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_rise_of_the_Islamists_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox rise of the Islamists in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_rise_of_the_Islamists_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox rise of the Islamists in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rise_of_ISIS_in_20142641" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Inter-rebel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Rise of ISIS</a> in <a href="/wiki/2014_in_Syria" title="2014 in Syria">2014</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inter-rebel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Inter-rebel conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(February%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (February–July 2014)">Northern Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Markada" title="Battle of Markada">Markada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(April%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (April–July 2014)">1st Deir ez-Zor offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Otaiba_ambush" title="Al-Otaiba ambush">al-Otaiba ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maan_massacre" title="Maan massacre">Maan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hosn" title="Battle of Hosn">Hosn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Morek" title="Battle of Morek">Morek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93May_2014)" title="Daraa offensive (February–May 2014)">2nd Daraa offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Latakia_offensive" title="2014 Latakia offensive">2nd Latakia offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Idlib_offensive" title="2014 Idlib offensive">4th Idlib Gov.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Malihah" title="Battle of Al-Malihah">Al-Malihah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Wadi_Deif_(2014)" title="Siege of Wadi Deif (2014)">2nd Wadi Deif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(2014)" title="Qalamoun offensive (2014)">2nd Qalamoun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arsal_(2014)" title="Battle of Arsal (2014)">Arsal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Deir_ez-Zor_(2014%E2%80%932017)" title="Siege of Deir ez-Zor (2014–2017)">Deir ez-Zor (2014–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Shaer_gas_field_(July_2014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Shaer gas field (July 2014)">1st Shaer gas field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Eastern_Syria_offensive" title="2014 Eastern Syria offensive">1st Eastern Syria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa_Airbase" title="Battle of Tabqa Airbase">Tabqa Airbase</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Hama_offensive" title="2014 Hama offensive">3rd Hama offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(August%E2%80%93November_2014)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (August–November 2014)">6th Rif Dimashq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Quneitra_offensive" title="2014 Quneitra offensive">1st Quneitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Koban%C3%AE" title="Siege of Kobanî">1st Kobanî</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_intervention_against_ISIL_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox intervention against ISIL in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_intervention_against_ISIL_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox intervention against ISIL in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_intervention_against_ISIL_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox intervention against ISIL in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="U.S.-led_intervention,_Rebel_and_ISIL_advances_(Sept._2014_–_Sept._2015)5053" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in the Syrian civil war">U.S.-led intervention</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(April%E2%80%93June_2015)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (April–June 2015)">Rebel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(May_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (May 2015)">ISIL advances</a> (Sept. 2014 – Sept. 2015)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in the Syrian civil war">U.S.-led intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homs_school_bombing" title="Homs school bombing">Homs school bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(October_2014)" title="Daraa offensive (October 2014)">3rd Daraa offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Al-Safira_offensive" title="2014 Al-Safira offensive">2nd Safira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_raid_on_Idlib_city" title="2014 raid on Idlib city">2014 Idlib city raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front%E2%80%93SRF/Hazzm_Movement_conflict" title="Al-Nusra Front–SRF/Hazzm Movement conflict">Nusra–FSA conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Shaer_gas_field_(October%E2%80%93November_2014)" title="Battle of the Shaer gas field (October–November 2014)">2nd Shaer gas field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Shaykh_Maskin_(2014)" title="Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin (2014)">1st Al-Shaykh Maskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(December_2014)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (December 2014)">2nd Deir ez-Zor offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Rainbow_(Syrian_civil_war)" title="Operation Rainbow (Syrian civil war)">3rd Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Syrian_Air_Force_An-26_crash" title="2015 Syrian Air Force An-26 crash">An-26 crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(January_2015)" title="Daraa offensive (January 2015)">4th Daraa offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Southern_Syria_offensive" title="2015 Southern Syria offensive">Southern Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Eastern al-Hasakah offensive">Eastern al-Hasakah offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (March–April 2015)">1st Sarrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_and_Homs_offensive_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Hama and Homs offensive (March–April 2015)">Hama/Homs offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bosra_(2015)" title="Battle of Bosra (2015)">Bosra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Idlib_offensive" title="2015 Idlib offensive">5th Idlib Gov</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Idlib_(2015)" title="Battle of Idlib (2015)">2nd Idlib city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_al-Fu%27ah_and_Kafriya" title="Siege of al-Fu'ah and Kafriya">Al-Fu'ah-Kafriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nasib_Border_Crossing" title="Battle of Nasib Border Crossing">Nasib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yarmouk_Camp_(2015)" title="Battle of Yarmouk Camp (2015)">2nd Yarmouk camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(April%E2%80%93June_2015)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (April–June 2015)">1st Northwestern Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(May%E2%80%93June_2015)" title="Qalamoun offensive (May–June 2015)">3rd Qalamoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(May_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (May 2015)">1st Palmyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Western al-Hasakah offensive">Western al-Hasakah offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah_city_offensive" title="Al-Hasakah city offensive">1st Al-Hasakah city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Abyad_offensive" title="Tell Abyad offensive">Tell Abyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_and_As-Suwayda_offensive_(June_2015)" title="Daraa and As-Suwayda offensive (June 2015)">Daraa/As-Suwayda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_offensive_(June_2015)" title="Quneitra offensive (June 2015)">2nd Quneitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(June%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)">2nd Sarrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(June%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Daraa offensive (June–July 2015)">5th Daraa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2015)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2015)">2nd Al-Hasakah city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koban%C3%AE_massacre" title="Kobanî massacre">2nd Kobanî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(July_2015)" title="Aleppo offensive (July 2015)">4th Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zabadani_(2015)" title="Battle of Zabadani (2015)">2nd Zabadani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(July%E2%80%93August_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (July–August 2015)">2nd Palmyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghab_offensive_(July%E2%80%93August_2015)" title="Al-Ghab offensive (July–August 2015)">Al-Ghab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qaryatayn_(2015)" title="Battle of al-Qaryatayn (2015)">1st al-Qaryatayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douma_massacre_(2015)" title="Douma massacre (2015)">Douma market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(September_2015)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (September 2015)">7th Rif Dimashq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuweires_offensive" title="Kuweires offensive">Kuweires offensive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Russian intervention in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Russian intervention in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Russian intervention in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Russian_intervention_(Sept._2015_–_March_2016)3617" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Russian intervention</a> (Sept. 2015 – March 2016)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Russian intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_offensive_(October_2015)" title="Quneitra offensive (October 2015)">3rd Quneitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2015)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (October–November 2015)">2nd Northwestern Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_Latakia_offensive" title="2015–2016 Latakia offensive">3rd Latakia offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_Russian_Sukhoi_Su-24_shootdown" title="2015 Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown">Su-24 shootdown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Aleppo offensive (October–December 2015)">5th Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_al-Hawl_offensive" title="2015 al-Hawl offensive">al-Hawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homs_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Homs offensive (November–December 2015)">2nd Homs offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016)">6th Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Hama_offensive" title="2015 Hama offensive">4th Hama offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Tamer_bombings" title="Tell Tamer bombings">Tell Tamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishrin_Dam_offensive" title="Tishrin Dam offensive">Tishrin Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Shaykh_Maskin_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin (2015–2016)">2nd Al-Shaykh Maskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Qamishli_bombings" title="2015 Qamishli bombings">al-Qamishli bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orontes_River_offensive" title="Orontes River offensive">Orontes River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2016)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (2016)">3rd Deir ez-Zor offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_attacks" title="2016 Sayyidah Zaynab attacks">1st Sayyidah Zaynab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(February_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (February 2016)">7th Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93March_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (February–March 2016)">1st Ithriyah-Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shaddadi_offensive_(2016)" title="Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)">Al-Shaddadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Homs_bombings" title="February 2016 Homs bombings">Homs bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_attacks" title="2016 Sayyidah Zaynab attacks">2nd Sayyidah Zaynab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Khanasir_offensive" title="2016 Khanasir offensive">Khanasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Abyad_(2016)" title="Battle of Tell Abyad (2016)">2nd Tel Abyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Tanf_offensive_(2016)" title="Al-Tanf offensive (2016)">Al-Tanf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qaryatayn_(2016)" title="Battle of al-Qaryatayn (2016)">2nd Al-Qaryatayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(March_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (March 2016)">3rd Palmyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maarat_al-Numan_(2016)" title="Battle of Maarat al-Numan (2016)">2nd Maarat al-Nu'man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Aleppo_escalation_period_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Aleppo escalation period in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Aleppo_escalation_period_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Aleppo escalation period in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Aleppo_escalation_period_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Aleppo escalation period in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Aleppo_escalation_and_Euphrates_Shield_(March_2016_–_February_2017)6803" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aleppo_(2012%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016)">Aleppo escalation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Euphrates Shield</a> (March 2016 – February 2017)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(March%E2%80%93June_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016)">8th Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(March%E2%80%93April_2016)" title="Daraa offensive (March–April 2016)">6th Daraa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Southern_Aleppo_campaign" title="2016 Southern Aleppo campaign">9th–11th Aleppo offensives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Dumayr_offensive_(April_2016)" title="Al-Dumayr offensive (April 2016)">Al-Dumayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Ghouta_inter-rebel_conflict_(April%E2%80%93May_2016)" title="East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (April–May 2016)">1st East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qamishli_(2016)" title="Battle of Qamishli (2016)">1st Qamishli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_bombings_(April%E2%80%93July_2016)" title="Aleppo bombings (April–July 2016)">Aleppo bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2016)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (April–May 2016)">8th Rif Dimashq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Shaer_gas_field_(2016)" title="Battle of the Shaer gas field (2016)">3rd Shaer gas field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Raqqa_offensive" title="Northern Raqqa offensive">Northern Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Jableh_and_Tartus_bombings" title="May 2016 Jableh and Tartus bombings">Jableh & Tartus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manbij_offensive_(2016)" title="Manbij offensive (2016)">Manbij</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tokhar_airstrike" title="Tokhar airstrike">Tokhar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(June_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (June 2016)">2nd Ithriyah-Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(June%E2%80%93October_2016)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (June–October 2016)">9th Rif Dimashq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Aleppo_summer_campaign" title="2016 Aleppo summer campaign">12th–14th Aleppo offensives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(June%E2%80%93July_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (June–July 2016)">12th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(July%E2%80%93August_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (July–August 2016)">13th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(August%E2%80%93September_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (August–September 2016)">14th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Latakia_offensive" title="2016 Latakia offensive">4th Latakia offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2016 Abu Kamal offensive">1st Abu Kamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2016_Qamishli_bombings" title="July 2016 Qamishli bombings">3rd Qamishli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Atmeh_attack" title="2016 Atmeh attack">Atmeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Rai_(August_2016)" title="Battle of al-Rai (August 2016)">al-Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2016)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2016)">3rd Al-Hasakah City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Operation Euphrates Shield</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_al-Bab_offensive_(September_2016)" title="Northern al-Bab offensive (September 2016)">Northern al-Bab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Dabiq_offensive" title="2016 Dabiq offensive">Dabiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Bab" title="Battle of al-Bab">al-Bab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Hama_offensive" title="2016 Hama offensive">5th Hama offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(September_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (September 2016)">1st Western al-Bab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Qalamoun_offensive_(September%E2%80%93October_2016)" title="Eastern Qalamoun offensive (September–October 2016)">1st Eastern Qalamoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_September_2016_Syria_bombings" title="5 September 2016 Syria bombings">September bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_offensive_(September_2016)" title="Quneitra offensive (September 2016)">4th Quneitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2016_Deir_ez-Zor_air_raid" title="September 2016 Deir ez-Zor air raid">Deir ez-Zor airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2016_Urum_al-Kubra_aid_convoy_attack" title="September 2016 Urum al-Kubra aid convoy attack">Aleppo aid convoy attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(September%E2%80%93October_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (September–October 2016)">15th Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_al-Shih_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2016)" title="Khan al-Shih offensive (October–November 2016)">Khan al-Shih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2016_Idlib_Governorate_clashes" title="October 2016 Idlib Governorate clashes">1st Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (October–November 2016)">2nd Western al-Bab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (October–November 2016)">16th Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)">2nd Raqqa campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (November–December 2016)">17th Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(December_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (December 2016)">4th Palmyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Barada_offensive_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017)">Wadi Barada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2016%E2%80%93April_2017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017)">1st Syrian Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2017_Azaz_bombing" title="January 2017 Azaz bombing">Azaz bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(2017)" title="Palmyra offensive (2017)">5th Palmyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(January%E2%80%93February_2017)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (January–February 2017)">4th Deir ez-Zor offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2017)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2017)">18th Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(January%E2%80%93March_2017)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (January–March 2017)">2nd Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93June_2017)" title="Daraa offensive (February–June 2017)">7th Daraa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaboun_offensive_(2017)" title="Qaboun offensive (2017)">Qaboun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Daraa_offensive_(February_2017)" title="Southwestern Daraa offensive (February 2017)">8th Daraa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Collapse_of_Islamic_State_in_Syria" title="Template:Campaignbox Collapse of Islamic State in Syria"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Collapse_of_Islamic_State_in_Syria" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Collapse of Islamic State in Syria"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Collapse_of_Islamic_State_in_Syria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Collapse of Islamic State in Syria"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Collapse_of_the_Islamic_State_in_Syria_(Feb._–_Nov._2017)3647" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a> in Syria (Feb. – Nov. 2017)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Homs_offensive_(2017)" title="Eastern Homs offensive (2017)">Eastern Homs offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_al-Jinah_airstrike" title="2017 al-Jinah airstrike">al-Jina mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_offensive_(March%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Hama offensive (March–April 2017)">6th Hama offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa" title="Battle of Tabqa">Tabqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_Shaykhun_chemical_attack" title="Khan Shaykhun chemical attack">Khan Shaykhun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Shayrat_missile_strike" title="2017 Shayrat missile strike">US Shayrat strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Aleppo_suicide_car_bombing" title="2017 Aleppo suicide car bombing">Aleppo bus bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2017_Turkish_airstrikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq" title="April 2017 Turkish airstrikes in Syria and Iraq">April 2017 Turkish airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Ghouta_inter-rebel_conflict_(April%E2%80%93May_2017)" title="East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (April–May 2017)">2nd East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(May%E2%80%93July_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (May–July 2017)">2nd Syrian Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maskanah_Plains_offensive" title="Maskanah Plains offensive">Maskanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Hama_offensive_(2017)" title="East Hama offensive (2017)">East Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2017)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2017)">2nd Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(June_2017)" title="Daraa offensive (June 2017)">9th Daraa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Southern_Raqqa_offensive" title="2017 Southern Raqqa offensive">Southern Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Laylat_al-Qadr" title="Operation Laylat al-Qadr">Iranian Deir ez-Zor strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27Din_shootdown_incident" title="Ja'Din shootdown incident">Ja'din</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Jobar_offensive" title="2017 Jobar offensive">Jobar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_offensive_(June_2017)" title="Quneitra offensive (June 2017)">5th Quneitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Syria_campaign" title="Central Syria campaign">Central Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(July_2017)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (July 2017)">3rd Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(2017)" title="Qalamoun offensive (2017)">4th Qalamoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)">Deir ez-Zor (2017–2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Syria_campaign_(September%E2%80%93December_2017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Syria campaign (September–December 2017)">2nd Eastern Syria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(September%E2%80%93November_2017)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (September–November 2017)">Deir ez-Zor city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphrates_Crossing_offensive_(2017)" title="Euphrates Crossing offensive (2017)">Euphrates Crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Mayadin_offensive" title="2017 Mayadin offensive">Mayadin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2017 Abu Kamal offensive">2nd Abu Kamal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_offensive_(September_2017)" title="Hama offensive (September 2017)">7th Hama offensive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Idlib_escalation_period_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Idlib escalation period in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Idlib_escalation_period_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Idlib escalation period in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Idlib_escalation_period_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Idlib escalation period in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rebels_in_retreat_and_Operation_Olive_Branch(Nov._2017_–_Sep._2018)3895" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Rebels in retreat and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Olive_Branch" title="Operation Olive Branch">Operation Olive Branch</a> (Nov. 2017 – Sep. 2018)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_campaign_(October_2017%E2%80%93February_2018)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwestern Syria campaign (October 2017–February 2018)">3rd Northwestern Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Syria_insurgency" title="Eastern Syria insurgency">Eastern Syria insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atarib_market_massacre" title="Atarib market massacre">Atarib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Harasta_(2017%E2%80%932018)" title="Battle of Harasta (2017–2018)">Harasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Jinn_offensive" title="Beit Jinn offensive">Beit Jinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2017%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present)">3rd Syrian Desert</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2018)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (2018)">5th Deir ez-Zor offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(January%E2%80%93February_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (January–February 2018)">1st Southern Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Olive_Branch" title="Operation Olive Branch">Olive Branch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrin_offensive_(January%E2%80%93March_2018)" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrin offensive (January–March 2018)">Afrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDF_insurgency_in_Northern_Aleppo" class="mw-redirect" title="SDF insurgency in Northern Aleppo">SDF insurgency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khasham" title="Battle of Khasham">Khasham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2018_Israel%E2%80%93Syria_incident" title="February 2018 Israel–Syria incident">Feb 2018 Israel–Syria incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(February%E2%80%93April_2018)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (February–April 2018)">10th Rif Dimashq</a> (<a href="/wiki/Douma_chemical_attack" title="Douma chemical attack">Douma</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Liberation_Front%E2%80%93Tahrir_al-Sham_conflict" title="Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict">4th Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(March_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (March 2018)">2nd Southern Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2018_missile_strikes_against_Syria" title="April 2018 missile strikes against Syria">U.S.-led missile strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Homs_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2018)" title="Northern Homs offensive (April–May 2018)">2nd Northern Homs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Qalamoun_offensive_(April_2018)" title="Eastern Qalamoun offensive (April 2018)">2nd Eastern Qalamoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (April–May 2018)">3rd Southern Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_Governorate_clashes" title="Deir ez-Zor Governorate clashes">Deir ez-Zor SAA-SDF clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_House_of_Cards" title="Operation House of Cards">House of Cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(June_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (June 2018)">1st As-Suwayda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Southern_Syria_offensive" title="2018 Southern Syria offensive">2nd Southern Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_As-Suwayda_attacks" title="2018 As-Suwayda attacks">2nd As-Suwayda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(August%E2%80%93November_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (August–November 2018)">3rd As-Suwayda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qamishli_clashes_(2018)" title="Qamishli clashes (2018)">2nd Qamishli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Idlib_demilitarization_and_frozen_conflict" title="Template:Campaignbox Idlib demilitarization and frozen conflict"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Idlib_demilitarization_and_frozen_conflict" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Idlib demilitarization and frozen conflict"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Idlib_demilitarization_and_frozen_conflict" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Idlib demilitarization and frozen conflict"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Idlib_demilitarization(Sep._2018_–_April_2019)1579" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Idlib_demilitarization_(2018%E2%80%932019)" title="Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019)">Idlib demilitarization</a> (Sep. 2018 – April 2019)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_demilitarization_(2018%E2%80%932019)" title="Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019)">Idlib demilitarization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_for_Liberation%E2%80%93Tahrir_al-Sham_conflict" title="National Front for Liberation–Tahrir al-Sham conflict">5th Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(September_2018)" title="Syria missile strikes (September 2018)">1st Israeli missile strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahvaz_military_parade_attack#Retaliatory_missile_and_drone_strikes" title="Ahvaz military parade attack">2nd Iranian strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Syrian-Turkish_border_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 Syrian-Turkish border clashes">Northern border clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_insurgency" title="Daraa insurgency">Daraa insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Manbij_bombing" title="2019 Manbij bombing">Manbij bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani" title="Battle of Baghuz Fawqani">Baghuz Fawqani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_U.S._airstrike_in_Baghuz" title="2019 U.S. airstrike in Baghuz">U.S. airstrike</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Failure_of_the_demilitarization_and_renewed_fighting" title="Template:Campaignbox Failure of the demilitarization and renewed fighting"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Failure_of_the_demilitarization_and_renewed_fighting" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Failure of the demilitarization and renewed fighting"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Failure_of_the_demilitarization_and_renewed_fighting" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Failure of the demilitarization and renewed fighting"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First_Idlib_offensive,_Operation_Peace_Spring,_&amp;_Second_Idlib_offensive_(April_2019_–_March_2020)2552" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(April%E2%80%93August_2019)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (April–August 2019)">First Idlib offensive</a>, <a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria" title="2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria">Operation Peace Spring</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(December_2019%E2%80%93March_2020)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (December 2019–March 2020)">Second Idlib offensive</a> (April 2019 – March 2020)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(April%E2%80%93August_2019)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (April–August 2019)">4th Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Tell_Rifaat_clashes" title="2019 Tell Rifaat clashes">Tell Rifaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2019_Syria_bombings" title="June 2019 Syria bombings">Raqqa & Azaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hass_refugee_camp_bombing" title="Hass refugee camp bombing">Hass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(August_2019)" title="Syria missile strikes (August 2019)">2nd Israeli missile strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria" title="2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria">Peace Spring</a> (<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ras_al-Ayn_(2019)" title="Battle of Ras al-Ayn (2019)">2nd Ras al-Ayn</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Kayla Mueller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2019_Syria_bombings" title="November 2019 Syria bombings">Northern bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2019_Israeli_missile_strikes_in_Syria" title="November 2019 Israeli missile strikes in Syria">3rd Israeli missile strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qah_missile_strike" title="Qah missile strike">Qah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(December_2019%E2%80%93March_2020)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (December 2019–March 2020)">5th Northwestern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Balyun_airstrikes" title="2020 Balyun airstrikes">Balyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Spring_Shield" title="Operation Spring Shield">Spring Shield</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2019_United_States_airstrikes_in_Iraq_and_Syria" title="December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria">2nd U.S. missile strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2020_Daraa_clashes" title="March 2020 Daraa clashes">10th Daraa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Idlib_ceasefire" title="Template:Campaignbox Idlib ceasefire"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Idlib_ceasefire" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Idlib ceasefire"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Idlib_ceasefire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Idlib ceasefire"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Idlib_ceasefire_(March_2020_–_Nov._2024)3161" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Idlib ceasefire (March 2020 – Nov. 2024)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(June_2020)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (June 2020)">6th Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Ayn_Issa_clashes" title="2020–2021 Ayn Issa clashes">Ayn Issa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Qamishli_and_Al-Hasakah" title="Siege of Qamishli and Al-Hasakah">Qamishli & Al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(January_2021)" title="Syria missile strikes (January 2021)">4th Israeli missile strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qamishli_(2021)" title="Battle of Qamishli (2021)">3rd Qamishli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Daraa_offensive" title="2021 Daraa offensive">11th Daraa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahrir_al-Sham%E2%80%93Junud_al-Sham_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahrir al-Sham–Junud al-Sham conflict">7th Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2022)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2022)">3rd Al-Hasakah city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ahrar_al-Sham%E2%80%93Levant_Front_clashes" title="2022 Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes">1st Aleppo inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Jabal_al-Bishr%C4%AB_clashes" title="2022 Jabal al-Bishrī clashes">Jabal al-Bishrī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_clashes_(October_2022)" title="Northern Aleppo clashes (October 2022)">2nd Aleppo inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Claw-Sword" title="Operation Claw-Sword">Claw-Sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_clashes_(December_2022%E2%80%93November_2024)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwestern Syria clashes (December 2022–November 2024)">Northwestern clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2023_northeastern_Syria_clashes" title="March 2023 northeastern Syria clashes">3rd U.S. missile strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2023_Northeastern_Syria_clashes" title="June 2023 Northeastern Syria clashes">2nd Northern clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_clashes_(2023)" title="Deir ez-Zor clashes (2023)">Deir ez-Zor clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2023_Northern_Syria_clashes" title="October 2023 Northern Syria clashes">3rd Northern clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Homs_drone_strike" title="2023 Homs drone strike">Homs drone strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel-Hezbollah_conflict_(2023%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel-Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)">Israel–Hezbollah conflict</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iranian_consulate_airstrike_in_Damascus" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian consulate airstrike in Damascus">Iranian consulate airstrike</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2024_United_States_airstrikes_in_Iraq_and_Syria" title="February 2024 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria">February 2024 airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_anti-Turkish_riots_in_Syria" title="2024 anti-Turkish riots in Syria">Anti-Turkish riots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a 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2024)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Opposition offensives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aleppo_(2024)" title="Battle of Aleppo (2024)">2nd Aleppo city</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Aleppo_University_Hospital_airstrike" title="2024 Aleppo University Hospital airstrike">Hospital strike</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Hama_offensive" title="2024 Hama offensive">8th Hama offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dawn_of_Freedom" title="Operation Dawn of Freedom">19th Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2024)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (2024)">6th Deir ez-Zor offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Homs_offensive" title="2024 Homs offensive">3rd Homs offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(2024)" title="Palmyra offensive (2024)">6th Palmyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manbij_offensive_(2024)" title="Manbij offensive (2024)">2nd Manbij</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Al-Mustariha_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Al-Mustariha massacre">Al-Mustariha strike</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Syria_offensive_(2024)" title="Southern Syria offensive (2024)">3rd Southern Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Damascus_(2024)" title="Fall of Damascus (2024)">3rd Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Assad_regime" title="Fall of the Assad regime">Fall of the Assad regime</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Transitional_government" title="Template:Campaignbox Transitional government"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Campaignbox_Transitional_government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Transitional government (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Transitional_government" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Transitional government"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Transitional_government_and_SNA–SDF_conflict_(Dec._2024_–_present)1147" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_transitional_government" title="Syrian transitional government">Transitional government</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2024)" class="mw-redirect" title="East Aleppo offensive (2024)">SNA–SDF conflict</a> (Dec. 2024 – present)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_invasion_of_Syria_(2024%E2%80%93present)" title="Israeli invasion of Syria (2024–present)">Israeli invasion of Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Kobani_clashes" title="2024 Kobani clashes">3rd Kobani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah%E2%80%93Syria_clashes_(2024%E2%80%93present)" title="Hezbollah–Syria clashes (2024–present)">Hezbollah–Syria clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2024)" class="mw-redirect" title="East Aleppo offensive (2024)">20th Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Syria_clashes_(December_2024%E2%80%93present)" title="Western Syria clashes (December 2024–present)">Western clashes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Spillover_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Spillover of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Spillover_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Spillover of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Spillover_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Spillover of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Syrian_War_spillover_and_international_incidents3943" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Spillover of the Syrian civil war">Syrian War spillover and international incidents</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon">Lebanon spillover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%932017_Lebanon%E2%80%93Syria_border_clashes" title="2012–2017 Lebanon–Syria border clashes">Lebanese–Syrian border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Sidon_clash" title="2013 Sidon clash">Sidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Iranian_embassy_bombing_in_Beirut" title="2013 Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut">Iranian embassy bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Lebanon_clashes_(2014)" title="North Lebanon clashes (2014)">North Lebanon clashes</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian%E2%80%93Turkish_border_clashes_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian–Turkish border clashes during the Syrian civil war">Syrian–Turkish border incidents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Turkish_F-4_Phantom_shootdown" title="2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown">Turkish F4 shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Reyhanl%C4%B1_car_bombings" title="2013 Reyhanlı car bombings">Reyhanlı bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_occupation_of_northern_Syria" title="Turkish occupation of northern Syria">Turkish occupation of northern Syria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Koban%C3%AE_protests" title="2014 Kobanî protests">Kurdish riots</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian%E2%80%93Syrian_border_incidents_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Jordanian–Syrian border incidents during the Syrian civil war">Jordanian–Syrian border incidents</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Syrian_ceasefire_line_incidents_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line incidents during the Syrian civil war">Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2018_Israel%E2%80%93Syria_incident" title="February 2018 Israel–Syria incident">February 2018 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_House_of_Cards" title="Operation House of Cards">May 2018 incident</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">Iraqi–Syrian border incidents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akashat_ambush" title="Akashat ambush">Akashat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_al-Shabah" title="Operation al-Shabah">al-Shabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Nineveh_offensive_(2017)" title="Western Nineveh offensive (2017)">Western Nineveh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Western_Iraq_campaign" title="2017 Western Iraq campaign">Western Iraq</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Spillover in Iran <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Tehran_attacks" title="2017 Tehran attacks">2017 Tehran attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Laylat_al-Qadr" title="Operation Laylat al-Qadr">2017 Deir ez-Zor missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Erbil_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Erbil attack">2024 Iranian airstrikes in Syria</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Islamic_State_conflict" title="Turkey–Islamic State conflict">Spillover in Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_Russian_Sukhoi_Su-24_shootdown" title="2015 Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown">Russian Su-24 shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Andrei_Karlov" title="Assassination of Andrei Karlov">Andrei Karlov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Balyun_airstrikes" title="2020 Balyun airstrikes">Balyun airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Kafr_Takharim_airstrike" title="2020 Kafr Takharim airstrike">Kafr Takharim airstrikes</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict</a></li></ul> <hr /> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism_in_Europe" title="Islamic terrorism in Europe">Spillover in Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Foreign involvement in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Foreign involvement in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Foreign involvement in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war4678" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war">Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Foreign intervention on behalf of Syrian Arab Republic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian involvement in the Syrian civil war">Russian involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Iranian intervention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Laylat_al-Qadr" title="Operation Laylat al-Qadr">2017 missile strike</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Hezbollah involvement in the Syrian civil war">2012 Hezbollah involvement</a></li></ul> Foreign intervention in behalf of Syrian rebels <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_fighters_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign fighters in the Syrian civil war">Foreign rebel fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war">Turkish involvement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Islamic_State_conflict" title="Turkey–Islamic State conflict">Turkey–Islamic State conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Suleyman_Shah#Events_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Tomb of Suleyman Shah">Tomb of Suleyman Shah relocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Euphrates Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2017_Turkish_airstrikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq" title="April 2017 Turkish airstrikes in Syria and Iraq">2017 airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_military_operation_in_Idlib_Governorate" title="Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate">Idlib Governorate operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Olive_Branch" title="Operation Olive Branch">Afrin operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria" title="2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria">2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_and_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Israel and the Syrian civil war">Israel's role</a></li></ul> U.S.-led intervention against ISIL <ul><li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">US intervention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Timeline of US intervention in the Syrian civil war">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_attacks_on_Syria_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="List of United States attacks on Syria during the Syrian civil war">List of attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_American_rescue_mission_in_Syria" title="2014 American rescue mission in Syria">2014 rescue operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2015_U.S._special_forces_raid_in_Syria" title="May 2015 U.S. special forces raid in Syria">May 2015 raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Shayrat_missile_strike" title="2017 Shayrat missile strike">2017 missile strikes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Qatari involvement in the Syrian civil war">Qatari involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Jordanian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Jordanian intervention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Martyr_Muath" title="Operation Martyr Muath">Operation Martyr Muath</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%27s_role_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebanon's role in the Syrian civil war">Lebanon's role</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Saudi involvement in the Syrian civil war">Saudi involvement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_2018_missile_strikes_against_Syria" title="April 2018 missile strikes against Syria">April 2018 missile strikes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Dutch involvement in the Syrian civil war">Dutch involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="German intervention against the Islamic State">German intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Chammal" title="Opération Chammal">French intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Okra" title="Operation Okra">Australian intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Shader" title="Operation Shader">UK intervention</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> On 27 November 2024, a coalition of <a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition_to_Bashar_al-Assad" title="Syrian opposition to Bashar al-Assad">Syrian revolutionary</a> factions called the <a href="/wiki/Military_Operations_Command_(Syria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Military Operations Command (Syria)">Military Operations Command</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Tahrir_al-Sham" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahrir al-Sham">Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham</a> (HTS) and supported by allied <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkish</a>-backed groups<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Army" title="Syrian National Army">Syrian National Army</a> (SNA) launched an offensive against the <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Syria" title="Ba'athist Syria">Ba'athist regime</a>'s armed forces in <a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate" title="Idlib Governorate">Idlib</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aleppo_Governorate" title="Aleppo Governorate">Aleppo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hama_Governorate" title="Hama Governorate">Hama Governorates</a> in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>. Codenamed the Deterrence of Aggression<a href="#cite_note-52">[note 2]</a> by HTS, this is the first military offensive campaign launched by opposition forces in the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a> since the <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(December_2019_%E2%80%93_March_2020)#Second_Russia–Turkey_ceasefire" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (December 2019 – March 2020)">March 2020 Idlib ceasefire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-g008-53">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnn_27-11-55">[53]</a> It initially began as a localised offensive targeting towns in the Idlib and Aleppo countryside, later evolving into a nationwide campaign that culminated in the toppling of Bashar al-Assad’s regime. On 29 November 2024, HTS and later the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">Syrian Democratic Forces</a> (SDF) entered <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aleppo_(2024)" title="Battle of Aleppo (2024)">captured most of the city</a>, amid the collapse of pro-government forces. The next day, opposition forces made rapid advances, capturing dozens of towns and villages as pro-government forces disintegrated, and <a href="/wiki/2024_Hama_offensive" title="2024 Hama offensive">advanced</a> toward <a href="/wiki/Hama" title="Hama">Hama</a> in central Syria, subsequently capturing it on 5 December.<a href="#cite_note-collapse30-56">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-hamafall-57">[55]</a> By 6 December, the SDF captured <a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor" title="Deir ez-Zor">Deir ez-Zor</a> in an <a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2024)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (2024)">offensive</a> east of the <a href="/wiki/Euphrates" title="Euphrates">Euphrates</a>, while the newly formed <a href="/wiki/Southern_Operations_Room" title="Southern Operations Room">Southern Operations Room</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Jabal_Brigade" title="Al-Jabal Brigade">Al-Jabal Brigade</a> captured <a href="/wiki/Daraa" title="Daraa">Daraa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suwayda" title="Suwayda">Suwayda</a> in an <a href="/wiki/Southern_Syria_offensive_(2024)" title="Southern Syria offensive (2024)">offensive</a> in the south. The HTS <a href="/wiki/2024_Homs_offensive" title="2024 Homs offensive">advanced further south</a> toward <a href="/wiki/Homs" title="Homs">Homs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SO-58">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-SO2-59">[57]</a> The US-backed <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Free_Army" title="Syrian Free Army">Syrian Free Army</a> (SFA) <a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(2024)" title="Palmyra offensive (2024)">took control of Palmyra</a> in the southeast of the country.<a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a> On 7 December 2024, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Operations_Room" title="Southern Operations Room">Southern Operations Room</a> forces entered the <a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_Governorate" title="Rif Dimashq Governorate">Rif Dimashq Governorate</a> from the south, and came within 10 kilometers of the capital <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-damas1-61">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-damas2-62">[60]</a> Later, opposition forces were reported to have entered the suburbs of the capital.<a href="#cite_note-skynews20241207-63">[61]</a> SFA forces moved towards the capital from the south east.<a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] By 8 December, they had captured <a href="/wiki/Homs" title="Homs">Homs</a>, which effectively cut Assad's forces from Syria's coast.<a href="#cite_note-homscaptured-65">[63]</a> The same day, rebels also <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Damascus_(2024)" title="Fall of Damascus (2024)">captured</a> the capital <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, toppling <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a>'s government and <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Assad_regime" title="Fall of the Assad regime">ending</a> the Assad family's 53-year-long rule over the country.<a href="#cite_note-fall-66">[64]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_clashes_(December_2022%E2%80%93November_2024)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwestern Syria clashes (December 2022–November 2024)">Northwestern Syria clashes (December 2022–November 2024)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkish_military_operation_in_Idlib_Governorate" title="Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate">Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate</a></div> Since the March 2020 Idlib ceasefire agreement, large scale operations ceased between opposition and pro-government forces in Northwestern Syria.<a href="#cite_note-cnn_28-11-67">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-lister-13">[13]</a> However, revolutionary groups based in northwestern Syria prepared for a resumption of hostilities, with HTS in particular strengthening its military capabilities by reforming its structures into a "conventional armed force", improving training, and setting up special forces specializing in raids and night-time operations.<a href="#cite_note-lister-13">[13]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a>, some Islamist social media accounts said that the Idlib-based rebels received some training and other support by <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Main_Directorate_of_Intelligence_(Ukraine)" title="Main Directorate of Intelligence (Ukraine)">Main Directorate of Intelligence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-KP-68">[66]</a> Meanwhile, the Syrian government suffered from <a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Corruption in Syria">growing corruption</a>, with researcher Charles Lister describing it as the "world's biggest narco state" whose "corrupt business elite and a powerful network of military commanders, militia leaders and warlords" were held together by drug trade revenue, especially <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Captagon_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Captagon industry">trade of Captagon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lister-13">[13]</a> Starting in late 2022, HTS forces <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_clashes_(December_2022%E2%80%93November_2024)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwestern Syria clashes (December 2022–November 2024)">launched a series of infiltration and sniper attacks on government forces</a>, leading up to the offensive. In retaliation, there was shelling of <a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate" title="Idlib Governorate">Idlib Governorate</a> as well as Russian air strikes.<a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a> <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a> had been controlled by <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a>'s government and Iranian-backed militias since the <a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (November–December 2016)">Aleppo offensive in 2016</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cnn_28-11-67">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-lister-13">[13]</a> According to Abu Hassan al-Hamwi, head of HTS's military wing, the offensive had been planned for a year prior to its launch. Beginning in 2019, HTS developed a military doctrine aimed at transforming loosely organized opposition and jihadist fighters into a conventional military force. The group established specialized military branches, most notably a drone unit that produced reconnaissance, attack, and suicide drones. HTS additionally established coordination with southern Syrian rebels, creating a unified command structure that incorporated leaders from approximately 25 rebel groups, with the strategic objective of encircling Damascus from multiple directions.<a href="#cite_note-guardian-plot-70">[68]</a> HTS initiated the offensive partly to disrupt regional powers' diplomatic normalization with the Assad regime and to counter escalating aerial attacks on northwestern Syria. The group determined that Assad's international allies were strategically constrained, with Russia committed to its war in Ukraine and both Iran and Hezbollah engaged in conflict with Israel, presenting a favorable tactical opportunity.<a href="#cite_note-guardian-plot-70">[68]</a> In October 2024, a large mobilization by HTS and government forces was initiated in the Aleppo countryside, as the Syrian rebels reported that they had been preparing for months for a large-scale offensive against government forces within the city of Aleppo.<a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a> On 26 November 2024, government forces artillery struck the opposition held town of <a href="/wiki/Ariha" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariha">Ariha</a>, killing and injuring 16 civilians.<a href="#cite_note-casusbelli-72">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Offensive">Offensive</h2></div> On 27 November 2024, HTS announced that it had launched an offensive dubbed "Deterrence of Aggression" toward pro-government forces in western <a href="/wiki/Aleppo_Governorate" title="Aleppo Governorate">Aleppo Governorate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a> The offensive was a response to recent artillery shelling by the Syrian government of <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a> against rebel-held <a href="/wiki/Idlib" title="Idlib">Idlib</a>, which killed at least 30 civilians.<a href="#cite_note-cnn_27-11-55">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnn_28-11-67">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opening_advances">Opening advances</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives_(28_November).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives_%2828_November%29.svg/220px-2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives_%2828_November%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives_%2828_November%29.svg/330px-2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives_%2828_November%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives_%2828_November%29.svg/440px-2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives_%2828_November%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1647" data-file-height="2280" /></a><figcaption>Situation in northwestern Syria on 28 November</figcaption></figure> During the first ten hours of the offensive, HTS captured 20 towns and villages from pro-government forces, including the towns of <a href="/wiki/Urum_al-Kubra" title="Urum al-Kubra">Urm al-Kubra</a>, Anjara, <a href="/wiki/Urum_al-Sughra" title="Urum al-Sughra">Urum al-Sughra</a>, Sheikh Aqil, <a href="/wiki/Bara,_Syria" title="Bara, Syria">Bara</a>, Ajil, Awijil, al-Hawtah, Tal al-Dabaa, Hayr Darkal, Qubtan al-Jabal, al-Saloum, <a href="/wiki/Al-Qasimiyah" title="Al-Qasimiyah">al-Qasimiyah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kafr_Basin" title="Kafr Basin">Kafr Basin</a>, Hawr, <a href="/wiki/Anaz" title="Anaz">Anaz</a> and Basratoun. In addition, the 46th regiment base of government forces was besieged by the HTS and captured a few hours later.<a href="#cite_note-terr-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-new-15">[15]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Observatory_for_Human_Rights" title="Syrian Observatory for Human Rights">Syrian Observatory for Human Rights</a> reported that 37 Syrian government soldiers and allied militias and 60 fighters from the opposition forces were killed in the clashes.<a href="#cite_note-cnn_27-11-55">[53]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Spetsnaz_GRU" title="Spetsnaz GRU">Russian special forces</a> unit was <a href="/wiki/Ambush" title="Ambush">ambushed</a> by rebels, who later posted photos of a dead Russian soldier and captured equipment. In response, Syrian and Russian forces launched <a href="/wiki/Air_assault" title="Air assault">aerial assaults</a> on areas controlled by revolutionary groups.<a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a> Russian fighters also conducted <a href="/wiki/Airstrike" title="Airstrike">airstrikes</a> around <a href="/wiki/Atarib" title="Atarib">Atarib</a>, <a href="/wiki/Darat_Izza" title="Darat Izza">Darat Izza</a>, and surrounding villages, while government forces shelled rebel-controlled Idlib, <a href="/wiki/Ariha,_Idlib" title="Ariha, Idlib">Ariha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarmada" title="Sarmada">Sarmada</a> and other areas in southern <a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate" title="Idlib Governorate">Idlib Governorate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a> On 28 November, HTS launched an offensive on the eastern Idlib countryside, capturing the villages of <a href="/wiki/Dadikh" title="Dadikh">Dadikh</a>, Kafr Batikh and Sheikh Ali as well as a neighborhood in the city of <a href="/wiki/Saraqib" title="Saraqib">Saraqib</a>. This advance brought them within two kilometers of the <a href="/wiki/M5_Motorway_(Syria)" title="M5 Motorway (Syria)">M5 highway</a>, a strategic route that had been secured by pro-government forces in 2020. HTS also attacked <a href="/wiki/Al-Nayrab" title="Al-Nayrab">al-Nayrab</a>'s airport located east of Aleppo, where <a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Iranian-backed</a> militants have a presence.<a href="#cite_note-al_jazeera-78">[76]</a> In the latter half of the day, HTS captured the villages of <a href="/wiki/Kafr_Basin" title="Kafr Basin">Kafr Basin</a>, Arnaz and Al-Zarba in the western Aleppo countryside, and cut off the M5 highway.<a href="#cite_note-cas28-79">[77]</a> The Syrian rebels had captured around 40 towns and villages in total by the end of the day.<a href="#cite_note-cnn_28-11-67">[65]</a> A Russian airstrike killed fifteen civilians in <a href="/wiki/Atarib" title="Atarib">Atarib</a> in the western Aleppo countryside. Four others were killed in either a Syrian or Russian airstrike in Darat Izza.<a href="#cite_note-CivCas1-80">[78]</a> Iranian state media reported that <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps" title="Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps">Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps</a> (IRGC) Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/Kioumars_Pourhashemi" title="Kioumars Pourhashemi">Kioumars Pourhashemi</a>, who served as a senior military advisor in Syria, was killed by rebels in Aleppo.<a href="#cite_note-cnn_28-11-67">[65]</a> An SDF fighter was killed by Turkish drone strike in the north of <a href="/wiki/Raqqah_Governorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Raqqah Governorate">Raqqah Governorate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sohr28nov-81">[79]</a> On 29 November, HTS captured the villages of Tal Karatabeen, Abu Qansa, and Al-Talhiya in Idlib countryside and Al-Mansoura, Jab Kas, and <a href="/wiki/Al-Bawabiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Bawabiya">Al-Bawabiya</a> in Aleppo countryside. Strong fighting around the town of Saraqib continued.<a href="#cite_note-cas29-82">[80]</a> By this point, other Idlib-based Islamist groups were backing the HTS advance, including <a href="/wiki/Ajnad_al-Kavkaz" title="Ajnad al-Kavkaz">Ajnad al-Kavkaz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Liwa_al-Muhajireen_wal-Ansar" title="Liwa al-Muhajireen wal-Ansar">Liwa al-Muhajireen wal-Ansar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TRAC-24">[24]</a> Four civilians were killed and two others were injured by HTS shelling in the al-Hamdaniya neighborhood of Aleppo city.<a href="#cite_note-cas29-82">[80]</a> An attack by the SDF was carried near <a href="/wiki/Al-Bab" title="Al-Bab">Al-Bab</a> with 15 SNA fighters dying.<a href="#cite_note-auto3-83">[81]</a> Seven SNA fighters were killed in a Russian airstrike on a SNA military headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Mare%27" title="Mare'">Mare'</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a> Four civilians were also killed in separate Russian airstrikes in Idlib.<a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_of_Aleppo">Battle of Aleppo</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aleppo_(2024)" title="Battle of Aleppo (2024)">Battle of Aleppo (2024)</a></div> On 29 November, opposition forces launched a large-scale offensive in <a href="/wiki/Aleppo_Governorate" title="Aleppo Governorate">Aleppo Governorate</a> aimed at capturing the city of Aleppo and surrounding areas.<a href="#cite_note-one-86">[84]</a> The rapid fall of Aleppo, which had taken the regime four years to capture from rebels in 2016, surprised even HTS leadership. Al-Hamwi later stated "We had a conviction, supported by historical precedent, that 'Damascus cannot fall until Aleppo falls.' The strength of the Syrian revolution was concentrated in the north, and we believed that once Aleppo was liberated, we could move southward toward Damascus."<a href="#cite_note-guardian-plot-70">[68]</a> That day, revolutionaries entered the Hamdaniya and New Aleppo districts of Aleppo city, after carrying out a double suicide attack with two car bombs.<a href="#cite_note-one-86">[84]</a> HTS-led forces captured five city districts, subsequently reaching the main square and captured parts of four other districts.<a href="#cite_note-collapse-87">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-collapse2-88">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a> In Idlib and Aleppo governorates, revolutionaries captured 50 towns and villages, including the town of Saraqib, <a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Duhur" title="Abu al-Duhur">Abu al-Duhur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maarat_al-Numan" title="Maarat al-Numan">Maarat al-Numan</a> amid the collapse of pro-government forces' defense lines. Pro-government forces retreated from most of the <a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate" title="Idlib Governorate">Idlib Governorate</a>, with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Khan_Shaykhun" title="Khan Shaykhun">Khan Shaykhun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kafranbel" class="mw-redirect" title="Kafranbel">Kafranbel</a>. In Aleppo region, pro-government forces withdrew to <a href="/wiki/Aleppo_International_Airport" title="Aleppo International Airport">Aleppo airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maskanah" title="Maskanah">Maskanah</a>, As Safirah and Khanaser road.<a href="#cite_note-collapse-87">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-collapse4-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-collapse5-90">[88]</a> An airstrike, reportedly of Russian origin, killed 16 civilians and injured 20 others in Aleppo city.<a href="#cite_note-casciv30-91">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government_withdrawal_and_SDF_advances">Government withdrawal and SDF advances</h3></div> In the early hours of 30 November, revolutionary forces captured the <a href="/wiki/Citadel_of_Aleppo" title="Citadel of Aleppo">Citadel of Aleppo</a>, the government headquarters in the city, as well as "more than half of Aleppo city".<a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-93">[91]</a> By morning, revolutionary forces had seized control of most of Aleppo, forcing pro-government troops to retreat toward <a href="/wiki/As-Safirah" class="mw-redirect" title="As-Safirah">as-Safirah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-collapse3-94">[92]</a> On 30 November 2024, amid the collapse of pro-government forces in Northwestern Syria, the <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurdish</a> majority <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">Syrian Democratic Forces</a> (SDF) entered the towns of <a href="/wiki/Dayr_Hafir" title="Dayr Hafir">Dayr Hafir</a>, Tell Aran, Tell Hasel, and the <a href="/wiki/Shaykh_Najjar" title="Shaykh Najjar">Shaykh Najjar</a> district of Aleppo city, taking over from pro-government forces.<a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-collapse4-8">[8]</a> In the afternoon, the SDF captured <a href="/wiki/Aleppo_International_Airport" title="Aleppo International Airport">Aleppo International Airport</a> and the towns of <a href="/wiki/Nubbul" title="Nubbul">Nubbul</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Zahraa" title="Al-Zahraa">Al-Zahraa</a>, following the withdrawal of pro-government forces.<a href="#cite_note-sdf2-96">[94]</a> Clashes between Turkish backed militias and the SDF were reported in <a href="/wiki/Tell_Abyad" title="Tell Abyad">Tell Abyad</a> region in northern <a href="/wiki/Raqqa_Governorate" title="Raqqa Governorate">Raqqa Governorate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto3-83">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a> Concurrently on 30 November, the Turkish-backed Syrian National Army located in the <a href="/wiki/Euphrates_Shield" class="mw-redirect" title="Euphrates Shield">Euphrates Shield</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Turkish_occupation_of_northern_Syria" title="Turkish occupation of northern Syria">Turkish occupied northern Syria</a> announced the start of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Dawn_of_Freedom" title="Operation Dawn of Freedom">Operation Dawn of Freedom</a> with the objective of cutting off SDF's supply networks and establishing a corridor connecting <a href="/wiki/Al-Bab" title="Al-Bab">al-Bab</a> to <a href="/wiki/Tell_Rifaat" title="Tell Rifaat">Tell Rifaat</a>. SNA forces captured the town of <a href="/wiki/Tadef" title="Tadef">Tadef</a> from pro-government forces during their advances as pro-government forces began withdrawing from the region.<a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a> Pro-government forces left a substantial amount of military equipment behind during their retreat from Aleppo governorate, including two <a href="/wiki/T-90A" class="mw-redirect" title="T-90A">T-90A</a> tanks, an entire <a href="/wiki/S-125_Neva" class="mw-redirect" title="S-125 Neva">S-125 Neva</a> system battery, a <a href="/wiki/Pantsir-S1" class="mw-redirect" title="Pantsir-S1">Pantsir-S1</a> system and a <a href="/wiki/Buk-M2" class="mw-redirect" title="Buk-M2">Buk-M2</a>. Revolutionaries also captured helicopters and fighter jets at the Aleppo and Menagh air bases.<a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clashes_between_SDF_and_opposition_forces">Clashes between SDF and opposition forces</h3></div> On 30 November, the HTS-led opposition reportedly took control of Aleppo airport after the local SDF troops opted to withdraw.<a href="#cite_note-collapse30-56">[54]</a> By afternoon on the next day, the SNA had captured the towns of <a href="/wiki/As-Safirah" class="mw-redirect" title="As-Safirah">as-Safirah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khanasir" title="Khanasir">Khanasir</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Kuweires_Military_Aviation_Institute" title="Kuweires Military Aviation Institute">Kuweires airbase</a>, while clashes occurred between SNA and SDF in the Sheikh Najjar district of Aleppo city. Concurrently HTS captured the thermal power plant, field artillery college, and the military academy on the outskirts of Aleppo.<a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a> On the evening of 1 December, the Turkish-backed Syrian National Army (SNA) launched an offensive on the SDF-held town of <a href="/wiki/Tell_Rifaat" title="Tell Rifaat">Tell Rifaat</a>, capturing the town along with several surrounding villages. The remaining SDF-controlled towns in the region were cut off from communication after being encircled by opposition forces.<a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a> On 2 December, the SDF announced plans to evacuate Kurdish IDPs from Tel Rifaat and the <a href="/wiki/Shahba_Canton" title="Shahba Canton">Shahba Canton</a> to SDF-held areas in Aleppo's <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Maqsood" title="Sheikh Maqsood">Sheikh Maqsood</a> district and northeastern Syria.<a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capture_of_Hama">Capture of Hama</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2024_Hama_offensive" title="2024 Hama offensive">2024 Hama offensive</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives_(4_December).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives_%284_December%29.svg/220px-2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives_%284_December%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives_%284_December%29.svg/330px-2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives_%284_December%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives_%284_December%29.svg/440px-2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives_%284_December%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4466" data-file-height="4582" /></a><figcaption>Map of the offensive on 4 December</figcaption></figure> On the evening of 30 November 2024, HTS-led opposition forces rapidly advanced in the <a href="/wiki/Hama_Governorate" title="Hama Governorate">Hama Governorate</a>, capturing dozens of towns and villages in the countryside by 7 in the evening (Local Syrian time, <a href="/wiki/UTC%2B03:00" title="UTC+03:00">UTC+3:00</a>).<a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a> As the HTS forces started closing in on Hama,<a href="#cite_note-106">[104]</a> pro-government forces established new military positions on the outskirts of the city, including reinforcements to <a href="/wiki/Jabal_Zayn_al-Abidin" title="Jabal Zayn al-Abidin">Jabal Zayn al-Abidin</a> and the towns of Taybat al Imam, <a href="/wiki/Qamhana" title="Qamhana">Qamhana</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Khitab" title="Khitab">Khitab</a>.<a href="#cite_note-107">[105]</a> Additionally, Russia launched airstrikes on towns recently captured by rebels in the Idlib and Hama regions.<a href="#cite_note-108">[106]</a> This includes one targeting a refugee camp in Idlib city that killed nine civilians and injured 62 others, and another <a href="/wiki/2024_Aleppo_University_Hospital_airstrike" title="2024 Aleppo University Hospital airstrike">airstrike</a> targeting Aleppo university hospital killed eight civilians.<a href="#cite_note-cas1dec-109">[107]</a> On 2 December, Russia again launched airstrikes on opposition-held territory, including one on Idlib city that killed 11 civilians.<a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a> Opposition forces then launched a drone strike targeting pro-government military leaders near <a href="/wiki/Jabal_Zayn_al-Abidin" title="Jabal Zayn al-Abidin">Jabal Zayn al-Abidin</a> just north of Hama, which led to multiple deaths and injuries among their ranks.<a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a> In the evening, the Russian forces carried out massive airstrikes against opposition forces, the heaviest clashes since the start of the offensive. By the end of the day, opposition forces took control of several villages and shelled Hama city, killing eight civilians,<a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a> while government forces successfully defended <a href="/wiki/Qalaat_al-Madiq" title="Qalaat al-Madiq">Qalaat al-Madiq</a>.<a href="#cite_note-114">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[113]</a> On 3 December, opposition forces captured more than 10 towns and villages near Hama,<a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a> including the towns of Taybat al-Imam, Halfaya, <a href="/wiki/Sawran,_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Sawran, Syria">Soran</a>, and Maardis.<a href="#cite_note-117">[115]</a> Meanwhile, fighting between government forces and SNA were ongoing in Khanasir.<a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a> North of Hama, at least 17 SAA soldiers, eight HTS fighters, and two civilians were killed in clashes and airstrikes.<a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a> On 4 December, pro-government forces briefly counterattacked and retook the villages of Kafr'a and <a href="/wiki/Maar_Shuhur" title="Maar Shuhur">Maar Shuhur</a>,<a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a> while the opposition advanced to the <a href="/wiki/Ghab_Plain" title="Ghab Plain">Ghab Plain</a>, which serves as a gateway to the majority-<a href="/wiki/Alawites" title="Alawites">Alawite</a> coastal region of Syria. Anas Alkharboutli, a photographer working for <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Presse-Agentur" title="Deutsche Presse-Agentur">DPA</a>, was killed in an airstrike in <a href="/wiki/Morek" title="Morek">Morek</a> amidst the clashes near Hama.<a href="#cite_note-121">[119]</a> By the evening, opposition forces had cut off the roads connecting Hama to <a href="/wiki/Raqqa" title="Raqqa">Raqqa</a> and Aleppo and took control of several villages in the eastern Hama country side.<a href="#cite_note-122">[120]</a> Opposition forces also captured the towns of <a href="/wiki/Khitab" title="Khitab">Khitab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mubarakat" title="Mubarakat">Mubarakat</a>, while fighting persisted in Jabal Zayn al-Abidin.<a href="#cite_note-123">[121]</a> On 5 December, opposition forces entered the northeastern part of Hama city amid pro-government airstrikes on its eastern side<a href="#cite_note-124">[122]</a> and by the afternoon, HTS-led rebels had established full control over the city, as pro-government forces withdrew.<a href="#cite_note-hamafall-57">[55]</a> In a statement, the Syrian government reasoned its withdrawal from Hama city in concurrence with "preserving the lives of civilians".<a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a> Following the fall of Hama, <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> announced it was sending fighters across the border toward Hama and Homs to support government forces.<a href="#cite_note-wsj20241204-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-aljazeera20241205-127">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-dec524-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capture_of_Homs">Capture of Homs</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2024_Homs_offensive" title="2024 Homs offensive">2024 Homs offensive</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives_(6_December).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives_%286_December%29.jpg/220px-2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives_%286_December%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives_%286_December%29.jpg/330px-2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives_%286_December%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives_%286_December%29.jpg/440px-2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives_%286_December%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10164" data-file-height="9156" /></a><figcaption>Map of the offensive on 6 December</figcaption></figure> On 5 December 2024, pro-government forces withdrew from the cities of <a href="/wiki/Salamiyah" title="Salamiyah">Salamiyah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Talbiseh" title="Talbiseh">Talbiseh</a> towards the city of <a href="/wiki/Homs" title="Homs">Homs</a>, hours after their withdrawal from Hama as rebels approached the former town's outskirts.<a href="#cite_note-128">[126]</a> In the evening, opposition forces entered Salamiyah without fighting, after reaching an agreement with the city's elders and its religious <a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Ismaili</a> council.<a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a> By the evening opposition forces had reached the outskirts of <a href="/wiki/Al-Rastan" title="Al-Rastan">Al-Rastan</a> and captured a pro-government military base north of it. Concurrently with the opposition advance, Russian aircraft bombed the main bridge connecting Homs and Hama, in an attempt to slow the rebel advance.<a href="#cite_note-130">[128]</a> On 6 December 2024, opposition forces captured five towns, and approached the outskirts of Homs, as pro-government forces withdrew from more territory.<a href="#cite_note-131">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a> In the eastern <a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_Governorate" title="Deir ez-Zor Governorate">Deir ez-Zor Governorate</a>, pro-government forces began withdrawing from the towns of <a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor" title="Deir ez-Zor">Deir ez-Zor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayadin" title="Mayadin">Mayadin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Quriyah" title="Al-Quriyah">Al-Quriyah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abu_Kamal" title="Abu Kamal">Abu Kamal</a>, towards the capital <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-134">[132]</a> By the afternoon, pro-government forces had reportedly completely withdrawn from Homs towards the city of <a href="/wiki/Latakia" title="Latakia">Latakia</a>, with only local pro-government gunmen remaining in the <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia</a> majority neighborhoods of the city.<a href="#cite_note-SO2-59">[57]</a> The Syrian Defense Ministry denied reports that it had given orders to fully evacuate Homs city.<a href="#cite_note-135">[133]</a> Iran began withdrawing its personnel from Syria in the early hours of 6 December, pulling out top commanders of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps" title="Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps">IRGC</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Quds_Force" title="Quds Force">Quds Force</a> and ordering evacuations at the Iranian Embassy in Damascus and at IRGC bases across Syria. Evacuating Iranians headed towards Lebanon and Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-136">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto4-137">[135]</a> On 7/8 December, it was confirmed that the Ba'athist Syrian forces withdrew from Homs, with revolutionaries afterwards shown to be celebrating in the city.<a href="#cite_note-homscaptured-65">[63]</a> This effectively cut Assad's forces, including those based from Damascus, from Syria's west coast, which houses the country's Russian bases.<a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capture_of_Daraa,_Suwayda,_Deir_ez-Zor_and_Palmyra">Capture of Daraa, Suwayda, Deir ez-Zor and Palmyra</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Southern_Syria_offensive_(2024)" title="Southern Syria offensive (2024)">Southern Syria offensive (2024)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2024)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (2024)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (2024)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(2024)" title="Palmyra offensive (2024)">Palmyra offensive (2024)</a></div> In the evening of 6 December 2024, local forces captured the regional capital of <a href="/wiki/Suwayda" title="Suwayda">Suwayda</a>, in southern Syria, following the pro-Assad forces' withdrawal from the city.<a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[138]</a> Concurrently, SDF captured the provincial capital of <a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor" title="Deir ez-Zor">Deir ez-Zor</a> from pro-Ba'athist forces, which also left the town of <a href="/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra">Palmyra</a> in central Homs Governorate.<a href="#cite_note-141">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[140]</a> By midnight, opposition forces in the southern <a href="/wiki/Daraa_Governorate" title="Daraa Governorate">Daraa Governorate</a> captured its capital <a href="/wiki/Daraa" title="Daraa">Daraa</a>, as well as 90% of the province, as pro-government forces withdrew towards the capital Damascus.<a href="#cite_note-SO-58">[56]</a> Meanwhile, the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Free_Army" title="Syrian Free Army">Syrian Free Army</a>, a different rebel group backed by the United States, <a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(2024)" title="Palmyra offensive (2024)">took control of Palmyra</a> in an offensive launched from the <a href="/wiki/Al-Tanf" title="Al-Tanf">al-Tanf</a> "<a href="/wiki/Safe_Zone_(Syria)" title="Safe Zone (Syria)">deconfliction zone</a>".<a href="#cite_note-143">[141]</a> On 7 December 2024, pro-Assad forces withdrew from the <a href="/wiki/Quneitra_Governorate" title="Quneitra Governorate">Quneitra Governorate</a>, which borders the <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israeli</a>-occupied <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-144">[142]</a> That day, the Israeli army helped the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Disengagement_Observer_Force" title="United Nations Disengagement Observer Force">UNDOF</a> repel an attack.<a href="#cite_note-145">[143]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fall_of_Damascus">Fall of Damascus</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Damascus_(2024)" title="Fall of Damascus (2024)">Fall of Damascus (2024)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives_(8_December).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives_%288_December%29.jpg/220px-2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives_%288_December%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives_%288_December%29.jpg/330px-2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives_%288_December%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives_%288_December%29.jpg/440px-2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives_%288_December%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10164" data-file-height="9156" /></a><figcaption>Situation in Syria before the Fall of Damascus, 8 December</figcaption></figure> On 7 December 2024, revolutionary forces entered the <a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_Governorate" title="Rif Dimashq Governorate">Rif Dimashq Governorate</a> from the south, and came within 20 kilometres (12 mi) of the capital <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-damas1-61">[59]</a> Concurrently with the advance towards Damascus, revolutionary forces in the north launched an offensive into <a href="/wiki/Homs" title="Homs">Homs</a> city.<a href="#cite_note-146">[144]</a> In the Rif Dimashq region, pro-Assad forces withdrew from the towns of <a href="/wiki/Assal_al-Ward" title="Assal al-Ward">Assal al-Ward</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yabroud" title="Yabroud">Yabroud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flitah" title="Flitah">Flitah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Naseriyah" title="Al-Naseriyah">Al-Naseriyah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Artouz" title="Artouz">Artouz</a>, while rebels came within 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) of Damascus.<a href="#cite_note-damas2-62">[60]</a> By the evening, pro-Assad forces had left the towns on the outskirts of Damascus, including <a href="/wiki/Jaramana" title="Jaramana">Jaramana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qatana" title="Qatana">Qatana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muadamiyat_al-Sham" title="Muadamiyat al-Sham">Muadamiyat al-Sham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Darayya" title="Darayya">Darayya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Kiswah" title="Al-Kiswah">Al-Kiswah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Dumayr" title="Al-Dumayr">Al-Dumayr</a> and sites near the <a href="/wiki/Mezzeh_Air_Base" title="Mezzeh Air Base">Mezzeh Air Base</a>.<a href="#cite_note-147">[145]</a> Revolutionary forces were later reported to have reached the suburbs of Damascus.<a href="#cite_note-skynews20241207-63">[61]</a> Later that day, Bashar al-Assad fled the city,<a href="#cite_note-148">[146]</a> making a stopover at the Russian-operated <a href="/wiki/Khmeimim_Air_Base" title="Khmeimim Air Base">Khmeimim Air Base</a> near <a href="/wiki/Latakia" title="Latakia">Latakia</a> before proceeding to Moscow where he was given asylum by the Russian government.<a href="#cite_note-149">[147]</a> On 16 December, the Telegram account of the Syrian presidency published a statement attributed to Assad saying that he had gone to a Russian military base in <a href="/wiki/Latakia_Governorate" title="Latakia Governorate">Latakia Governorate</a> "to oversee combat operations" following the fall of Damascus but was evacuated out of the country by Russia after coming under siege from rebel forces, adding that he had no intention of resigning or going into exile.<a href="#cite_note-150">[148]</a> In the early hours of 8 December 2024, revolutionary groups in the north captured Homs, and began advancing towards Damascus.<a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a> It was also reported that rebels managed to enter the Damascus neighborhood of Barzeh.<a href="#cite_note-enterdamascus-152">[150]</a> On that day, the Syrian Army command informed its officers that <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Assad_regime" title="Fall of the Assad regime">Assad's government had ended</a>,<a href="#cite_note-153">[151]</a> and Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ghazi_al-Jalali" title="Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali">Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali</a> announced that he was ready "to cooperate with any leadership chosen by the people".<a href="#cite_note-154">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Closing_offensives">Closing offensives</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Syrian_Civil_War_(November_-_December_2024).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Syrian_Civil_War_%28November_-_December_2024%29.svg/220px-Syrian_Civil_War_%28November_-_December_2024%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Syrian_Civil_War_%28November_-_December_2024%29.svg/330px-Syrian_Civil_War_%28November_-_December_2024%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Syrian_Civil_War_%28November_-_December_2024%29.svg/440px-Syrian_Civil_War_%28November_-_December_2024%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3150" data-file-height="2286" /></a><figcaption>Map of the offensive</figcaption></figure> After the capture of Damascus by the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Operations_Room" title="Southern Operations Room">Southern Operations Room</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latakia" title="Latakia">Latakia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tartus" title="Tartus">Tartus</a> were the last two regional capitals held by Ba'athist forces. Anti-regime protests broke out in Latakia and later in Tartus, as demonstrators began to tear down posters and topple statues of <a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-155">[153]</a> On 8 December, the HTS began advancing on both cities, capturing them without a battle.<a href="#cite_note-156">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[155]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Resumed_conflict_December_2024_to_present">Resumed conflict December 2024 to present</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immediate_aftermath">Immediate aftermath</h3></div> Following the <a href="/wiki/2024_Manbij_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Manbij offensive">2024 Manbij offensive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war">Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war</a> continued in mid-December with the <a href="/wiki/2024_Kobani_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Kobani offensive">2024 Kobani offensive</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SOHR_TR_attack_Tal_Mishtanour-158">[156]</a> In December 2024, the factions supported by Turkey announced they would discontinue the ceasefire with groups supported by the US, such as Syrian Democratic Forces. One news article noted: "The SNA, an umbrella of several armed factions, informed the SDF on Monday that it would be returning to 'a state of combat against us,' one of the sources briefing Al-Monitor said. The sources said negotiations between the SDF and the SNA had 'failed' and that 'significant military buildups' in areas east and west of the Kurdish town of Kobani on the Turkish border were being observed."<a href="#cite_note-159">[157]</a> <a href="/wiki/Western_Syria_clashes_(December_2024%E2%80%93present)" title="Western Syria clashes (December 2024–present)">Clashes with Ba'athist remnants</a> were also reported in western Syria. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions">Reactions</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_fall_of_the_Assad_regime" title="Reactions to the fall of the Assad regime">Reactions to the fall of the Assad regime</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic">Domestic</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria"><img alt="Syria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Syria" title="Ba'athist Syria">Ba'athist Syria</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Arab_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Arab Army">Syrian Arab Army</a> (SAA) described the offensive as "a huge and large-scale terrorist attack" in which "large numbers of terrorists using medium and heavy weapons" targeted villages, towns, and military sites.<a href="#cite_note-al_jazeera-78">[76]</a> On 30 November, the Syrian government announced a "temporary troop withdrawal" from Aleppo.<a href="#cite_note-160">[158]</a> On 30 November, a pro-government commentator on Syrian state TV said that "reinforcements and Russia's assistance would repel the terrorist groups" and blamed Turkey for supporting the insurgents' push into Aleppo and Idlib provinces.<a href="#cite_note-161">[159]</a> In a phone call with Iranian <a href="/wiki/President_of_Iran" title="President of Iran">president</a> <a href="/wiki/Masoud_Pezeshkian" title="Masoud Pezeshkian">Masoud Pezeshkian</a>, President <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a> said the offensive was aimed at "dividing the region and fragmenting the countries in it and redraw the map in line with the objectives of the United States and the West".<a href="#cite_note-162">[160]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian opposition">Syrian opposition</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Abdel_Ghani" title="Hassan Abdel Ghani">Hassan Abdelghani</a>, spokesperson for the Syrian revolutionary coalition, stated that the targets of the operation are Assad's forces, Russian Army and Iranian militias, whom he accused of bringing "devastation, death, and killing to the region" while "exploiting Arab and Muslim populations" to push their "sabotaging plans" under "the guise of resistance".<a href="#cite_note-cnn_28-11-67">[65]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg/23px-De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg/35px-De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg/45px-De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria">Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">Syrian Democratic Forces</a> (SDF) announced a general mobilization in response to rebel advances in Aleppo and released a statement condemning the resurgence of violence, which it blamed on the Syrian government and Turkish occupation.<a href="#cite_note-163">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[162]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International">International</h3></div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /> <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kaja_Kallas" title="Kaja Kallas">Kaja Kallas</a>, Vice President of the European Commission, congratulated the rebels for toppling the Assad regime, noting it "a historic moment", and vowed to keep supporting the aspiration of Syrian people.<a href="#cite_note-165">[163]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Iran)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iran)">Foreign Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Abbas_Araghchi" title="Abbas Araghchi">Abbas Araghchi</a> described the offensive as "a plot orchestrated by the U.S. and the <a href="/wiki/Zionist_regime" class="mw-redirect" title="Zionist regime">Zionist regime</a> following the regime's defeat in Lebanon and Palestine".<a href="#cite_note-wapost_29-11-166">[164]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mojtaba_Damirchiloo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mojtaba Damirchiloo (page does not exist)">Mojtaba Damirchiloo</a>, Assistant Minister of Foreign Affairs of Iran and Director General of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurasia_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eurasia Department (page does not exist)">Eurasia Department</a> also claimed Ukraine was supplying rebels.<a href="#cite_note-iranaccusation-167">[165]</a> After the toppling of the Assad regime, government spokesperson <a href="/wiki/Fatemeh_Mohajerani" title="Fatemeh Mohajerani">Fatemeh Mohajerani</a> called for "respect for Syria's territorial integrity" and further stated that the Syrian people should decide their own fate.<a href="#cite_note-aljazeera20241210-168">[166]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>: Presidential spokesperson <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Peskov" title="Dmitry Peskov">Dmitry Peskov</a> called the offensive "a violation of Syria's sovereignty in this region".<a href="#cite_note-wapost_29-11-166">[164]</a> Russia also blamed Ukraine for the involvement.<a href="#cite_note-russiaaccusation-169">[167]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkey)">foreign ministry</a> called for an end to the airstrikes on Idlib and demanded that "greater instability is avoided and civilians are not harmed".<a href="#cite_note-170">[168]</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdogan</a> criticised Assad for refusing his offers of negotiations and claimed "the target, of course, is Damascus. The opposition's march continues. Our wish is that this march in Syria continues without accidents."<a href="#cite_note-171">[169]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>: Ukraine issued a statement blaming Russia and Iran as well as the actions of the Assad government in refusing internal dialogue for the destabilisation of Syria. Ukraine also denied accusations by Iran and Russia that it was supporting rebels in the offensive.<a href="#cite_note-iranaccusation-167">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-russiaaccusation-169">[167]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>: <a href="/wiki/White_House_National_Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="White House National Security Council">White House National Security Council</a> spokesperson <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sean_Savett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sean Savett (page does not exist)">Sean Savett</a> released a statement stating "The United States has nothing to do with this offensive, which is led by Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), a designated terrorist organization".<a href="#cite_note-172">[170]</a> President-elect <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> responded to the offensives by stating the US should not intervene, remarking "this is not our fight" and to "let it play out".<a href="#cite_note-173">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[172]</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Organizations</dt></dl> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/23px-InfoboxHez.PNG" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/35px-InfoboxHez.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/InfoboxHez.PNG/45px-InfoboxHez.PNG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a>: Following the <a href="/wiki/2024_Hama_offensive" title="2024 Hama offensive">capture of Hama</a>, Hezbollah <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_Hezbollah" title="Secretary-General of Hezbollah">secretary-general</a> <a href="/wiki/Naim_Qassem" title="Naim Qassem">Naim Qassem</a> pledged that "Hezbollah will be by Syria's side against this aggression," which he said was sponsored by the United States and Israel.<a href="#cite_note-aljazeera20241205-127">[125]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Involvement_of_other_countries">Involvement of other countries</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia">Russia</h3></div> Russia has conducted joint airstrikes with the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Arab_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Arab Army">Syrian Arab Army</a> against the rebels.<a href="#cite_note-175">[173]</a> Starting 2 December, Russian warships began leaving the <a href="/wiki/Tartus_naval_base" title="Tartus naval base">Tartus naval base</a>.<a href="#cite_note-176">[174]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iran">Iran</h3></div> Iran said it "firmly" supported the Assad regime.<a href="#cite_note-177">[175]</a> Prior to the rebel capture of Aleppo, Iranian General <a href="/wiki/Kioumars_Pourhashemi" title="Kioumars Pourhashemi">Kioumars Pourhashemi</a> was killed by the rebels during clashes.<a href="#cite_note-178">[176]</a> On 5 December, Iranian General <a href="/w/index.php?title=Javad_Ghafari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Javad Ghafari (page does not exist)">Javad Ghafari</a> arrived in Syria to help the Syrian government. By 7 December, Iran had withdrawn some military and diplomatic personnel from Syria.<a href="#cite_note-179">[177]</a> Government spokesperson Mohajerani said that 4,000 Iranian citizens had returned home from Syria on board 10 flights organized by Iranian airline <a href="/wiki/Mahan_Air" title="Mahan Air">Mahan Air</a>.<a href="#cite_note-aljazeera20241210-168">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel">Israel</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2024_Israeli_invasion_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Israeli invasion of Syria">2024 Israeli invasion of Syria</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2024_Israeli_invasion_of_Syria.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/2024_Israeli_invasion_of_Syria.png/200px-2024_Israeli_invasion_of_Syria.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/2024_Israeli_invasion_of_Syria.png/300px-2024_Israeli_invasion_of_Syria.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/2024_Israeli_invasion_of_Syria.png/400px-2024_Israeli_invasion_of_Syria.png 2x" data-file-width="2189" data-file-height="2118" /></a><figcaption>Israeli-occupied <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a> and Israeli invasion of Syria in 2024</figcaption></figure> Israel conducted airstrikes on Hezbollah weapons depots inside Syria, after Hezbollah pledged backing for Assad and claimed to have sent "supervising forces".<a href="#cite_note-aj1-180">[178]</a> Israel warned Iran against sending support to the Assad government and prevented Iranian planes from landing in Damascus.<a href="#cite_note-haaretz1-181">[179]</a> Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu took credit for the fall of the Assad government.<a href="#cite_note-182">[180]</a> Israel also bombed Syrian government weapons depots believed to contain chemical weapons to prevent them from falling into another party's hands.<a href="#cite_note-ynet1-183">[181]</a> As the Southern Operations Room seized control of southern Syria, the <a href="/wiki/IDF" class="mw-redirect" title="IDF">IDF</a> announced the deployment of additional air force and army units to the <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-184">[182]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkey">Turkey</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war">Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Operation_Dawn_of_Freedom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Operation_Dawn_of_Freedom.jpg/220px-Operation_Dawn_of_Freedom.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Operation_Dawn_of_Freedom.jpg/330px-Operation_Dawn_of_Freedom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Operation_Dawn_of_Freedom.jpg/440px-Operation_Dawn_of_Freedom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8729" data-file-height="5939" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/2024_Manbij_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Manbij offensive">Manbij offensive</a> on 6–9 December 2024</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> reported "It is widely assumed Turkey broadly approved of the HTS-led offensive in advance but Turkey denies this."<a href="#cite_note-185">[183]</a> During a meeting in Doha between <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Lavrov" title="Sergey Lavrov">Sergey Lavrov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abbas_Araghchi" title="Abbas Araghchi">Abbas Araghchi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hakan_Fidan" title="Hakan Fidan">Hakan Fidan</a>, the Russian and Iranian foreign ministers both tacitly blamed Turkey for the downfall of Assad regime.<a href="#cite_note-186">[184]</a> Despite the collapse of the Assad regime, Turkey and Turkish-backed <a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Army" title="Syrian National Army">SNA</a> fighters in northern Syria continued to attack U.S.-backed <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">SDF</a> forces.<a href="#cite_note-187">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[186]</a> On 9 December, SNA fighters captured the city of <a href="/wiki/Manbij" title="Manbij">Manbij</a>.<a href="#cite_note-189">[187]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ukraine">Ukraine</h3></div> Ukraine is known to have provided training and equipment to the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian opposition">Syrian opposition</a> in the preparation of offensive. The <a href="/wiki/Main_Directorate_of_Intelligence_(Ukraine)" title="Main Directorate of Intelligence (Ukraine)">Ukrainian HUR</a> is also alleged to have dispatched advisors to the rebels to coordinate this offensive<a href="#cite_note-KP-68">[66]</a> as well as intelligence and material support to opposition forces including HTS.<a href="#cite_note-190">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[189]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Analysis">Analysis</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_crisis_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present)">Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present)</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a>, which was a "major ally" of the Syrian government during the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">civil war</a>, was severely weakened during its <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hezbollah_conflict_(2023%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)">war with Israel</a> since October 2023. The deaths of <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Nasrallah" title="Hassan Nasrallah">Hassan Nasrallah</a> and much of its military leadership, combined with the redeployment of Hezbollah fighters in Syria back to Lebanon, left a large power vacuum. With the Russian military concentrating on its <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">invasion of Ukraine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> under significant pressure, it provided an opportunity for rebel groups to launch an offensive.<a href="#cite_note-cnn_28-11-67">[65]</a> According to Nick Heras, an analyst with the New Lines Institute for Strategy and Policy, the rebels were trying to pre-empt a Syrian government offensive which was being shaped by Russian and Syrian airstrikes on rebel areas. The presence of Turkish-backed groups in the offensive was believed to be a warning from Turkey to Russia and the Syrian government to avoid any offensives in the region.<a href="#cite_note-192">[190]</a> Prior to the fall of the Assad government, the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_the_Study_of_War" title="Institute for the Study of War">Institute for the Study of War</a> (ISW) assessed that if this were to occur, it would damage the global perception of Russia as an effective partner and protector which together with the loss of bases in Syria which are the primary logistical hubs for shipments from Russia sent to Libya and eventually sub-Saharan Africa would undermine Russia's goals of expanding its influence in Africa. <a href="/wiki/Tartus_naval_base" title="Tartus naval base">Tartus base</a> is Russia's only formal overseas naval base and links Russia's Black Sea assets to the Mediterranean and is central for future expansion plans in the Mediterranean and Red Seas, which would threaten NATO's southern flank. The ISW analysed that the <a href="/wiki/Africa_Corps_(Russia)" title="Africa Corps (Russia)">Africa Corps</a>, while the easiest to deploy to Syria, lacks the numbers to make a difference and its limited forces are already overstretched across Africa or recalled to fight in Kursk to repel the <a href="/wiki/2024_Kursk_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Kursk offensive">Ukrainian incursion into Russia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-193">[191]</a> According to analysts, Syrian government defeats can largely be attributed to its confidence in an ultimate victory over the rebels and the lack of effort it has put in strengthening its military ranks over the four years since the <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(December_2019_%E2%80%93_March_2020)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (December 2019 – March 2020)">Idlib ceasefire in 2020</a>. Pointing to the prevalence of unwilling and poorly paid young conscripts in the army, observers noted that Iran would be hesitant to provide Assad with needed ground support.<a href="#cite_note-194">[192]</a> Analysts have also said that Russia sees little purpose to intervene more forcefully against the rebels, beyond some limited airstrikes, given the perceived ineffectiveness of Assad's forces.<a href="#cite_note-195">[193]</a> Russian analysts generally blamed al-Assad for losing the war. Speaking to <a href="/wiki/Komsomolskaya_Pravda" title="Komsomolskaya Pravda">Komsomolskaya Pravda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Semyon_Bagdasarov" title="Semyon Bagdasarov">Semyon Bagdasarov</a> argued that the Syrian government failed to motivate its troops and to unite the various Syrian ethnic and religious groups around its cause.<a href="#cite_note-196">[194]</a> Similarly, political scientist Andrey Kortunov wrote that al-Assad had failed to unite Syrians and achieve national reconciliation, comparing him to former Afghan president <a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Ghani" title="Ashraf Ghani">Ashraf Ghani</a>, who <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kabul_(2021)" title="Fall of Kabul (2021)">was overthrown by the Taliban</a> in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-197">[195]</a> Journalist Vitaly Ryumshin shared this comparison, but partially defended the Syrian government, arguing that the lack of reform was due to economic sanctions on the country and loss of control over the oil's resources to the United States and the Kurds.<a href="#cite_note-198">[196]</a> In a different view, Anton Mardasov, a Russian expert on the Middle East, told <a href="/wiki/Nezavisimaya_Gazeta" title="Nezavisimaya Gazeta">Nezavisimaya Gazeta</a> that the government's collapse was not due to Western sanctions but because of al-Assad's failure in dealing with the country's problems, specifically mentioning the economic crisis, endemic corruption and nepotism and "the loss of touch with reality and thinking in the paradigm of 50 years ago".<a href="#cite_note-199">[197]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Telegraph" title="The Sunday Telegraph">The Sunday Telegraph</a>, the collapse of the Assad regime carries repercussions for both Russia and Iran due to their investment on the survival of the regime; Iran's <a href="/wiki/Axis_of_Resistance" title="Axis of Resistance">Axis of Resistance</a> had effectively collapsed with the loss of Assad's rule in Syria, undermining Iran's ability to supply <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a>, while Russia's invasion of Ukraine distracted Putin from Syria and exposed his struggle to keep supporting Russia's allies in Latin America and Africa (in particular Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger).<a href="#cite_note-200">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[202]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li>Military events in southern and eastern Syria simultaneous to the northwestern offensive <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Syria_offensive_(2024)" title="Southern Syria offensive (2024)">Southern Syria offensive (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2024)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (2024)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(2024)" title="Palmyra offensive (2024)">Palmyra offensive (2024)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(April%E2%80%93August_2019)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (April–August 2019)">Northwestern Syria offensive (April–August 2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(December_2019_%E2%80%93_March_2020)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (December 2019 – March 2020)">Northwestern Syria offensive (December 2019 – March 2020)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Spring_Shield" title="Operation Spring Shield">Operation Spring Shield</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(November_2024%E2%80%93present)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (November 2024–present)">Timeline of the Syrian civil war (November 2024–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AANES%E2%80%93Syria_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="AANES–Syria relations">AANES–Syria relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Taliban_offensive" title="2021 Taliban offensive">2021 Taliban offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_spring_offensive" title="1975 spring offensive">1975 spring offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aleppo_(2012%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016)">Battle of Aleppo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> 95 killed by Russian and SAA air and artillery strikes and 13 killed by HTS shelling.<a href="#cite_note-dec524-39">[39]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: ردع العدوان, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: Rade Aleudwan </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div 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Retrieved 6 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Regime+forces+withdraw+from+Homs+city%2C+helicopters+drop+explosive+barrels+on+outskirts+of+Deir+Baalba+neighborhood...and+death+toll+in+northern+countryside+rises+to+5+as+a+result+of+violent+escalation&rft.date=2024-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2F%25d9%2582%25d9%2588%25d8%25a7%25d8%25aa-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d9%2586%25d8%25b8%25d8%25a7%25d9%2585-%25d8%25aa%25d9%2586%25d8%25b3%25d8%25ad%25d8%25a8-%25d9%2585%25d9%2586-%25d9%2585%25d8%25af%25d9%258a%25d9%2586%25d8%25a9-%25d8%25ad%25d9%2585%25d8%25b5-%25d9%2588%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25b7%25d9%258a%25d8%25b1%25d8%25a7%2F739519%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aa.com.tr/en/americas/us-backed-syrian-free-army-advances-in-homs-with-reports-of-clashes-with-regime-forces-in-palmyra/3416630">"US-backed Syrian Free Army advances in Homs, with reports of clashes with regime forces in Palmyra"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Anadolu_Agency" title="Anadolu Agency">Anadolu Agency</a>. 6 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Anadolu+Agency&rft.atitle=US-backed+Syrian+Free+Army+advances+in+Homs%2C+with+reports+of+clashes+with+regime+forces+in+Palmyra&rft.date=2024-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aa.com.tr%2Fen%2Famericas%2Fus-backed-syrian-free-army-advances-in-homs-with-reports-of-clashes-with-regime-forces-in-palmyra%2F3416630&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-damas1-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-damas1_61-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-damas1_61-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b3%d8%b1-%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%b7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%88/739707/">"10 km from the capital Damascus.. 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Retrieved 29 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Syrian+opposition+enters+Aleppo%2C+takes+control+of+government+headquarters+and+citadel&rft.pages=Arabic&rft.date=2024-11-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.net%2Fnews%2F2024%2F11%2F29%2F%25D8%25B9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AC%25D9%2584-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B6%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9-%25D9%2582%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7-%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A%25D8%25B7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-93"><a href="#cite_ref-auto1_93-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAbdulrahim2024" class="citation news cs1">Abdulrahim, Raja (29 November 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/29/world/middleeast/syria-war-aleppo-rebels-government.html">"Syrian Rebels Breach City of Aleppo, in Biggest Advance in Years"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Syrian+Rebels+Breach+City+of+Aleppo%2C+in+Biggest+Advance+in+Years&rft.date=2024-11-29&rft.aulast=Abdulrahim&rft.aufirst=Raja&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F11%2F29%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsyria-war-aleppo-rebels-government.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-collapse3-94"><a href="#cite_ref-collapse3_94-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%af-%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d9%84%d9%86%d8%ad%d9%88-8-%d8%b3%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a-%d9%8a%d8%b3/738353/">"After an absence of about 8 years.. 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Retrieved 30 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=caliber.az&rft.atitle=Escalating+conflict+in+northern+Aleppo%3A+Pro-Turkish+factions+launch+offensive+as+Syrian+army+tightens+control+%E2%80%93+MAP%2FVIDEO&rft.date=2024-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcaliber.az%2Fen%2Fpost%2Fescalating-conflict-in-northern-aleppo-pro-turkish-factions-launch-offensive-as-syrian-army-tightens-control&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJuraszek2024" class="citation news cs1">Juraszek, Przemysław (4 December 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-ie/news/other/syrian-rebels-seize-aleppo-capturing-advanced-military-assets/ar-AA1vbMMR">"Syrian rebels seize Aleppo, capturing advanced military assets"</a>. 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Retrieved 6 December 2024 – via MSN.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Wrap&rft.atitle=Syrian+rebels+seize+Aleppo%2C+capturing+advanced+military+assets&rft.date=2024-12-04&rft.aulast=Juraszek&rft.aufirst=Przemys%C5%82aw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-ie%2Fnews%2Fother%2Fsyrian-rebels-seize-aleppo-capturing-advanced-military-assets%2Far-AA1vbMMR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%8a%d8%a6%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%b4-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%8a%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a8%d9%84%d8%af/738575/">""Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham" and "National Army" control the towns of Khanaser and Al-Safira, Kuweires Airport in the Aleppo countryside, and military sites on the outskirts of Aleppo"</a> (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 1 December 2024. Retrieved 1 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%22Hay%27at+Tahrir+al-Sham%22+and+%22National+Army%22+control+the+towns+of+Khanaser+and+Al-Safira%2C+Kuweires+Airport+in+the+Aleppo+countryside%2C+and+military+sites+on+the+outskirts+of+Aleppo&rft.date=2024-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2F%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d9%2587%25d9%258a%25d8%25a6%25d8%25a9-%25d9%2588%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25ac%25d9%258a%25d8%25b4-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d9%2588%25d8%25b7%25d9%2586%25d9%258a-%25d9%258a%25d8%25b3%25d9%258a%25d8%25b7%25d8%25b1%25d8%25a7%25d9%2586-%25d8%25b9%25d9%2584%25d9%2589-%25d8%25a8%25d9%2584%25d8%25af%2F738575%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/%d8%ad%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a3%d9%83%d8%ab%d8%b1-%d9%85%d9%86-200-%d8%a3%d9%84%d9%81-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d8%ac%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1/738649/">"More than 200,000 Syrians trapped in Operation "Dawn of Freedom"... Communications cut off in northern Aleppo countryside and fears of massacres against Kurdish citizens"</a> (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 1 December 2024. Retrieved 1 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=More+than+200%2C000+Syrians+trapped+in+Operation+%22Dawn+of+Freedom%22...+Communications+cut+off+in+northern+Aleppo+countryside+and+fears+of+massacres+against+Kurdish+citizens&rft.date=2024-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2F%25d8%25ad%25d8%25b5%25d8%25a7%25d8%25b1-%25d8%25a3%25d9%2583%25d8%25ab%25d8%25b1-%25d9%2585%25d9%2586-200-%25d8%25a3%25d9%2584%25d9%2581-%25d8%25b3%25d9%2588%25d8%25b1%25d9%258a-%25d9%2581%25d9%258a-%25d8%25b9%25d9%2585%25d9%2584%25d9%258a%25d8%25a9-%25d9%2581%25d8%25ac%25d8%25b1-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25ad%25d8%25b1%2F738649%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/%d8%a8%d8%b8%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%81-%d8%a5%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%b9-%d8%b9%d8%b4%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a2%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84/738700/">"In harsh humanitarian conditions, tens of thousands of displaced people from Afrin and the people of the Shahba region gathered, waiting to be transferred to the Sheikh Maqsoud neighborhood"</a> (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 2 December 2024. Retrieved 2 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=In+harsh+humanitarian+conditions%2C+tens+of+thousands+of+displaced+people+from+Afrin+and+the+people+of+the+Shahba+region+gathered%2C+waiting+to+be+transferred+to+the+Sheikh+Maqsoud+neighborhood&rft.date=2024-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2F%25d8%25a8%25d8%25b8%25d8%25b1%25d9%2588%25d9%2581-%25d8%25a5%25d9%2586%25d8%25b3%25d8%25a7%25d9%2586%25d9%258a%25d8%25a9-%25d9%2582%25d8%25a7%25d8%25b3%25d9%258a%25d8%25a9-%25d8%25aa%25d8%25ac%25d9%2585%25d8%25b9-%25d8%25b9%25d8%25b4%25d8%25b1%25d8%25a7%25d8%25aa-%25d8%25a2%25d9%2584%25d8%25a7%25d9%2581-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%2F738700%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rudawarabia.net/arabic/kurdistan/02122024">"Mazloum Abdi: Our efforts are continuing to secure a safe exit for the residents of Tal Rifaat and al-Shahba"</a> (in Arabic). Rudaw. 2 December 2024. Retrieved 2 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mazloum+Abdi%3A+Our+efforts+are+continuing+to+secure+a+safe+exit+for+the+residents+of+Tal+Rifaat+and+al-Shahba&rft.date=2024-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rudawarabia.net%2Farabic%2Fkurdistan%2F02122024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b7-%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d9%84%d9%82%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%a7%d9%85-%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%85%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%a9-%d9%88/738472/">"Amidst the withdrawal of regime forces from the city of Hama and its military airport, "Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham" continues to advance in its countryside and takes control of new cities and towns"</a> (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 30 November 2024. Retrieved 30 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Amidst+the+withdrawal+of+regime+forces+from+the+city+of+Hama+and+its+military+airport%2C+%22Hay%27at+Tahrir+al-Sham%22+continues+to+advance+in+its+countryside+and+takes+control+of+new+cities+and+towns&rft.date=2024-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2F%25d9%2588%25d8%25b3%25d8%25b7-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2586%25d8%25b3%25d8%25ad%25d8%25a7%25d8%25a8-%25d9%2584%25d9%2582%25d9%2588%25d8%25a7%25d8%25aa-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d9%2586%25d8%25b8%25d8%25a7%25d9%2585-%25d9%2585%25d9%2586-%25d9%2585%25d8%25af%25d9%258a%25d9%2586%25d8%25a9-%25d8%25ad%25d9%2585%25d8%25a7%25d8%25a9-%25d9%2588%2F738472%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-831386">"Syrian rebels closing in on city of Hama – report"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a>. 30 November 2024. Retrieved 30 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Syrian+rebels+closing+in+on+city+of+Hama+%E2%80%93+report&rft.date=2024-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fbreaking-news%2Farticle-831386&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/%d9%82%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%aa%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b6%d8%b9%d9%87%d8%a7-%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b6-%d8%b7%d9%88%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%8b-%d9%85/738543/">"Regime forces reposition themselves and impose a tight cordon on Hama city"</a> (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 30 November 2024. Retrieved 30 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Regime+forces+reposition+themselves+and+impose+a+tight+cordon+on+Hama+city&rft.date=2024-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2F%25d9%2582%25d9%2588%25d8%25a7%25d8%25aa-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d9%2586%25d8%25b8%25d8%25a7%25d9%2585-%25d8%25aa%25d8%25b9%25d9%258a%25d8%25af-%25d8%25aa%25d9%2585%25d9%2588%25d8%25b6%25d8%25b9%25d9%2587%25d8%25a7-%25d9%2588%25d8%25aa%25d9%2581%25d8%25b1%25d8%25b6-%25d8%25b7%25d9%2588%25d9%2582%25d8%25a7%25d9%258b-%25d9%2585%2F738543%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d9%8a%d8%b4%d9%86-%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%ac%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b9-5/738560/">"Russian warplanes launch airstrikes on cities and towns in the Hama and Idlib countrysides"</a> (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 1 December 2024. Retrieved 1 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russian+warplanes+launch+airstrikes+on+cities+and+towns+in+the+Hama+and+Idlib+countrysides&rft.date=2024-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2F%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25b7%25d9%258a%25d8%25b1%25d8%25a7%25d9%2586-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25ad%25d8%25b1%25d8%25a8%25d9%258a-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25b1%25d9%2588%25d8%25b3%25d9%258a-%25d9%258a%25d8%25b4%25d9%2586-%25d8%25ba%25d8%25a7%25d8%25b1%25d8%25a7%25d8%25aa-%25d8%25ac%25d9%2588%25d9%258a%25d8%25a9-%25d8%25b9-5%2F738560%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cas1dec-109"><a href="#cite_ref-cas1dec_109-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%80-%d9%80%d8%b2-%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d9%80-%d9%80%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%a8%d8%aa%d9%87%d9%85%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%88/738644/">"Two massacres committed by Russian aircraft.. 49 people killed and martyred, including 17 from the regime forces"</a> (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 1 December 2024. Retrieved 1 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Two+massacres+committed+by+Russian+aircraft..+49+people+killed+and+martyred%2C+including+17+from+the+regime+forces&rft.date=2024-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2F%25d9%2585%25d8%25ac%25d9%2580-%25d9%2580%25d8%25b2-%25d8%25b1-%25d8%25aa%25d9%2580-%25d9%2580%25d8%25a7%25d9%2586-%25d8%25a7%25d8%25b1%25d8%25aa%25d9%2583%25d8%25a8%25d8%25aa%25d9%2587%25d9%2585%25d8%25a7-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25b7%25d8%25a7%25d8%25a6%25d8%25b1%25d8%25a7%25d8%25aa-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25b1%25d9%2588%2F738644%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d9%8a%d8%b4%d9%86-%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%b1/738705/">"Russian and Syrian warplanes launch intensive air strikes on Aleppo city and the countryside of Hama and Idlib"</a> (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 2 December 2024. Retrieved 2 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russian+and+Syrian+warplanes+launch+intensive+air+strikes+on+Aleppo+city+and+the+countryside+of+Hama+and+Idlib&rft.date=2024-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2F%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25b7%25d9%258a%25d8%25b1%25d8%25a7%25d9%2586-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25ad%25d8%25b1%25d8%25a8%25d9%258a-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25b1%25d9%2588%25d8%25b3%25d9%258a-%25d9%2588%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25b3%25d9%2588%25d8%25b1%25d9%258a-%25d9%258a%25d8%25b4%25d9%2586-%25d8%25ba%25d8%25a7%25d8%25b1%2F738705%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d9%8a%d9%86%d9%81%d8%b0-%d8%ba%d8%a7/738708/">"Russian and Syrian warplanes commit a horrific massacre against civilians in Idlib and its countryside"</a> (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 2 December 2024. Retrieved 2 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russian+and+Syrian+warplanes+commit+a+horrific+massacre+against+civilians+in+Idlib+and+its+countryside&rft.date=2024-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2F%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25b7%25d9%258a%25d8%25b1%25d8%25a7%25d9%2586-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25ad%25d8%25b1%25d8%25a8%25d9%258a-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25b1%25d9%2588%25d8%25b3%25d9%258a-%25d9%2588%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25b3%25d9%2588%25d8%25b1%25d9%258a-%25d9%258a%25d9%2586%25d9%2581%25d8%25b0-%25d8%25ba%25d8%25a7%2F738708%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/%d9%87%d9%8a%d8%a6%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%a7%d9%85-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%84-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%87%d8%af%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%aa%d8%ac/738722/">"Hayat Tahrir al-Sham and factions target a gathering of military leaders from the regime forces north of Hama city"</a> (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 2 December 2024. Retrieved 2 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hayat+Tahrir+al-Sham+and+factions+target+a+gathering+of+military+leaders+from+the+regime+forces+north+of+Hama+city&rft.date=2024-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2F%25d9%2587%25d9%258a%25d8%25a6%25d8%25a9-%25d8%25aa%25d8%25ad%25d8%25b1%25d9%258a%25d8%25b1-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25b4%25d8%25a7%25d9%2585-%25d9%2588%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d9%2581%25d8%25b5%25d8%25a7%25d8%25a6%25d9%2584-%25d8%25aa%25d8%25b3%25d8%25aa%25d9%2587%25d8%25af%25d9%2581%25d8%25a7%25d9%2586-%25d8%25aa%25d8%25ac%2F738722%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b4%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%af-8-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86%d9%87%d9%85-%d8%b7%d9%81%d9%84-%d8%a8%d9%82%d8%b5%d9%81-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d9%85%d8%af%d9%8a/738830/">"8 citizens martyred in shelling on Hama city.. The number of martyrs from the shells of the Authority and the factions rises to 12 since the beginning of the "Deterrence of Aggression" operation"</a> (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 2 December 2024. Retrieved 2 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=8+citizens+martyred+in+shelling+on+Hama+city..+The+number+of+martyrs+from+the+shells+of+the+Authority+and+the+factions+rises+to+12+since+the+beginning+of+the+%22Deterrence+of+Aggression%22+operation&rft.date=2024-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2F%25d8%25a7%25d8%25b3%25d8%25aa%25d8%25b4%25d9%2587%25d8%25a7%25d8%25af-8-%25d9%2585%25d9%2588%25d8%25a7%25d8%25b7%25d9%2586%25d9%258a%25d9%2586-%25d8%25a8%25d9%258a%25d9%2586%25d9%2587%25d9%2585-%25d8%25b7%25d9%2581%25d9%2584-%25d8%25a8%25d9%2582%25d8%25b5%25d9%2581-%25d8%25b9%25d9%2584%25d9%2589-%25d9%2585%25d8%25af%25d9%258a%2F738830%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a3%d8%b9%d9%86%d9%80-%d9%80%d9%81-%d8%a7%d8%b4%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%85%d9%86%d8%b0-%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b1/738871/">"In the fiercest clashes since the launch of Operation "Deterrence of Aggression", regime forces, with heavy air support, thwart the organization's attempts to advance to strategic points in the northern Hama countryside"</a> (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 2 December 2024. Retrieved 2 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=In+the+fiercest+clashes+since+the+launch+of+Operation+%22Deterrence+of+Aggression%22%2C+regime+forces%2C+with+heavy+air+support%2C+thwart+the+organization%27s+attempts+to+advance+to+strategic+points+in+the+northern+Hama+countryside&rft.date=2024-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2F%25d9%2581%25d9%258a-%25d8%25a3%25d8%25b9%25d9%2586%25d9%2580-%25d9%2580%25d9%2581-%25d8%25a7%25d8%25b4%25d8%25aa%25d8%25a8%25d8%25a7%25d9%2583%25d8%25a7%25d8%25aa-%25d9%2585%25d9%2586%25d8%25b0-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2586%25d8%25b7%25d9%2584%25d8%25a7%25d9%2582-%25d8%25b9%25d9%2585%25d9%2584%25d9%258a%25d8%25a9-%25d8%25b1%2F738871%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%af-%d8%a5%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%82%d9%8a-%d9%82%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa/738765/">"After making progress in the eastern Hama countryside.. "Deterrence of Aggression" forces control a town and 5 villages in the northern Hama countryside and are trying to control the strategic Qalaat Al-Madiq"</a> (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 2 December 2024. Retrieved 2 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=After+making+progress+in+the+eastern+Hama+countryside..+%22Deterrence+of+Aggression%22+forces+control+a+town+and+5+villages+in+the+northern+Hama+countryside+and+are+trying+to+control+the+strategic+Qalaat+Al-Madiq&rft.date=2024-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2F%25d8%25a8%25d8%25b9%25d8%25af-%25d8%25a5%25d8%25ad%25d8%25b1%25d8%25a7%25d8%25b2-%25d8%25aa%25d9%2582%25d8%25af%25d9%2585-%25d9%2581%25d9%258a-%25d8%25b1%25d9%258a%25d9%2581-%25d8%25ad%25d9%2585%25d8%25a7%25d8%25a9-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25b4%25d8%25b1%25d9%2582%25d9%258a-%25d9%2582%25d9%2588%25d8%25a7%25d8%25aa%2F738765%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/%d9%85%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b4%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%86%d9%80-%d9%80%d9%8a%d9%80-%d9%80%d9%81%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%86/739000/">"As violent clashes continue for more than 24 hours in the Hama countryside, Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham is at the gates of Hama city and is trying to expand to cut off two main roads with Hama and impose a siege on the city"</a> (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 3 December 2024. Retrieved 3 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=As+violent+clashes+continue+for+more+than+24+hours+in+the+Hama+countryside%2C+Hay%27at+Tahrir+al-Sham+is+at+the+gates+of+Hama+city+and+is+trying+to+expand+to+cut+off+two+main+roads+with+Hama+and+impose+a+siege+on+the+city&rft.date=2024-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2F%25d9%2585%25d8%25b9-%25d8%25a7%25d8%25b3%25d8%25aa%25d9%2585%25d8%25b1%25d8%25a7%25d8%25b1-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25a7%25d8%25b4%25d8%25aa%25d8%25a8%25d8%25a7%25d9%2583%25d8%25a7%25d8%25aa-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25b9%25d9%2586%25d9%2580-%25d9%2580%25d9%258a%25d9%2580-%25d9%2580%25d9%2581%25d8%25a9-%25d9%2585%25d9%2586%2F739000%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b4%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b9%d9%86%d9%81-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%b5%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%88%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84/738892/">"After the fiercest clashes and intensive aerial bombardment, Hayat Tahrir al-Sham and the factions control more cities and towns in the Hama countryside"</a> (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 3 December 2024. Retrieved 3 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=After+the+fiercest+clashes+and+intensive+aerial+bombardment%2C+Hayat+Tahrir+al-Sham+and+the+factions+control+more+cities+and+towns+in+the+Hama+countryside&rft.date=2024-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2F%25d8%25a8%25d8%25b9%25d8%25af-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25a7%25d8%25b4%25d8%25aa%25d8%25a8%25d8%25a7%25d9%2583%25d8%25a7%25d8%25aa-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25a3%25d8%25b9%25d9%2586%25d9%2581-%25d9%2588%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d9%2582%25d8%25b5%25d9%2581-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25ac%25d9%2588%25d9%258a-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%2F738892%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/%d8%a7%d8%b4%d8%aa%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%83-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84/738956/">"Intensified fighting between pro-Turkish factions and regime forces in Khanaser town east of Aleppo"</a> (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 3 December 2024. Retrieved 3 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Intensified+fighting+between+pro-Turkish+factions+and+regime+forces+in+Khanaser+town+east+of+Aleppo&rft.date=2024-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2F%25d8%25a7%25d8%25b4%25d8%25aa%25d8%25af%25d8%25a7%25d8%25af-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d9%2585%25d8%25b9%25d8%25a7%25d8%25b1%25d9%2583-%25d8%25a8%25d9%258a%25d9%2586-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d9%2581%25d8%25b5%25d8%25a7%25d8%25a6%25d9%2584-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d9%2585%25d9%2588%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d9%258a%25d8%25a9-%25d9%2584%2F738956%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/en/350512/?doing_wp_cron=1733247072.5927150249481201171875">"Casualties under shelling by H*T*S on Hama: At least 24 members of regime forces and H*T*S kil*led in clashes near Hama"</a>. <a href="/wiki/SOHR" class="mw-redirect" title="SOHR">SOHR</a>. 3 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SOHR&rft.atitle=Casualties+under+shelling+by+H%2AT%2AS+on+Hama%3A+At+least+24+members+of+regime+forces+and+H%2AT%2AS+kil%2Aled+in+clashes+near+Hama&rft.date=2024-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2Fen%2F350512%2F%3Fdoing_wp_cron%3D1733247072.5927150249481201171875&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%87%d8%ac%d9%88%d9%85-%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%83%d8%b3-%d9%82%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%aa%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%af%d9%89-%d9%84%d9%80%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87/739053/">"In a counterattack... Regime forces confront the "Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham" and the "Deterrence of Aggression" factions and secure the city of Hama with air and ground support"</a> (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 4 December 2024. Retrieved 4 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=In+a+counterattack...+Regime+forces+confront+the+%22Hay%27at+Tahrir+al-Sham%22+and+the+%22Deterrence+of+Aggression%22+factions+and+secure+the+city+of+Hama+with+air+and+ground+support&rft.date=2024-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2F%25d9%2581%25d9%258a-%25d9%2587%25d8%25ac%25d9%2588%25d9%2585-%25d9%2585%25d8%25b9%25d8%25a7%25d9%2583%25d8%25b3-%25d9%2582%25d9%2588%25d8%25a7%25d8%25aa-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d9%2586%25d8%25b8%25d8%25a7%25d9%2585-%25d8%25aa%25d8%25aa%25d8%25b5%25d8%25af%25d9%2589-%25d9%2584%25d9%2580%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d9%2587%2F739053%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20241204-german-news-agency-dpa-says-photographer-killed-near-syria-s-hama">"German news agency DPA says photographer killed near Syria's Hama"</a>. <a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a>. 4 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=German+news+agency+DPA+says+photographer+killed+near+Syria%27s+Hama&rft.date=2024-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Flive-news%2F20241204-german-news-agency-dpa-says-photographer-killed-near-syria-s-hama&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%aa%d8%b7%d9%88%d9%82-%d9%85%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%80/739174/">""Red Bands" encircle Hama city... "Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham" cuts off Hama-Raqqa and Hama-Aleppo roads and paves the way with ground shelling on a strategic mountain near Hama city"</a> (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 4 December 2024. Retrieved 4 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%22Red+Bands%22+encircle+Hama+city...+%22Hay%27at+Tahrir+al-Sham%22+cuts+off+Hama-Raqqa+and+Hama-Aleppo+roads+and+paves+the+way+with+ground+shelling+on+a+strategic+mountain+near+Hama+city&rft.date=2024-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2F%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25b9%25d8%25b5%25d8%25a7%25d8%25a6%25d8%25a8-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25ad%25d9%2585%25d8%25b1%25d8%25a7%25d8%25a1-%25d8%25aa%25d8%25b7%25d9%2588%25d9%2582-%25d9%2585%25d8%25af%25d9%258a%25d9%2586%25d8%25a9-%25d8%25ad%25d9%2585%25d8%25a7%25d8%25a9-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d9%2587%25d9%2580%2F739174%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/3-%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%b1-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b5%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d9%85%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%a9-%d9%87%d9%8a%d9%80-%d9%80%d8%a6%d8%a9/739232/">"3 km to reach Hama city.. Hayat Tahrir al-Sham surrounds Hama city from 3 sides and cuts off roads with the city"</a> (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 4 December 2024. Retrieved 4 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=3+km+to+reach+Hama+city..+Hayat+Tahrir+al-Sham+surrounds+Hama+city+from+3+sides+and+cuts+off+roads+with+the+city&rft.date=2024-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2F3-%25d9%2583%25d9%258a%25d9%2584%25d9%2588%25d9%2585%25d8%25aa%25d8%25b1-%25d9%2584%25d9%2584%25d9%2588%25d8%25b5%25d9%2588%25d9%2584-%25d8%25a5%25d9%2584%25d9%2589-%25d9%2585%25d8%25af%25d9%258a%25d9%2586%25d8%25a9-%25d8%25ad%25d9%2585%25d8%25a7%25d8%25a9-%25d9%2587%25d9%258a%25d9%2580-%25d9%2580%25d8%25a6%25d8%25a9%2F739232%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/بعد-ساعات-من-المعارك-الطاحنة-هيئة-تحري/739303/">"After hours of grinding battles.. HTS and factions enter the northeastern side of Hama amid aerial bombardment from warplanes"</a> (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 5 December 2024. Retrieved 5 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=After+hours+of+grinding+battles..+HTS+and+factions+enter+the+northeastern+side+of+Hama+amid+aerial+bombardment+from+warplanes&rft.date=2024-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2F%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%86%D8%A9-%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%2F739303%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/12/05/israel-hamas-war-news-gaza-lebanon-syria/">"Syrian rebels take new city as army announces withdrawal from Hama"</a>. The Washington Post. 5 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Syrian+rebels+take+new+city+as+army+announces+withdrawal+from+Hama&rft.date=2024-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2024%2F12%2F05%2Fisrael-hamas-war-news-gaza-lebanon-syria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSalem2024" class="citation web cs1">Salem, Mostafa (5 December 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2024/12/05/middleeast/syria-rebels-hama-government-intl/index.html">"Syrian army withdraws from strategic city of Hama as rebels advance"</a>. CNN. Retrieved 5 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Syrian+army+withdraws+from+strategic+city+of+Hama+as+rebels+advance&rft.date=2024-12-05&rft.aulast=Salem&rft.aufirst=Mostafa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2024%2F12%2F05%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsyria-rebels-hama-government-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-aljazeera20241205-127">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aljazeera20241205_127-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aljazeera20241205_127-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/12/5/hezbollah-backs-syrias-al-assad-as-opposition-forces-intensify-offensive">"Hezbollah backs Syria's al-Assad as opposition forces intensify offensive"</a>. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 5 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+backs+Syria%27s+al-Assad+as+opposition+forces+intensify+offensive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F12%2F5%2Fhezbollah-backs-syrias-al-assad-as-opposition-forces-intensify-offensive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%87%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%82%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%a7%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%a9-%d8%a7/739364/">"After the collapse of the regime forces in the city of Hama.. the withdrawal of the regime forces and the National Defense from the cities of Salamiyah and Talbiseh towards the city of Homs"</a> (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 5 December 2024. Retrieved 5 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=After+the+collapse+of+the+regime+forces+in+the+city+of+Hama..+the+withdrawal+of+the+regime+forces+and+the+National+Defense+from+the+cities+of+Salamiyah+and+Talbiseh+towards+the+city+of+Homs&rft.date=2024-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2F%25d8%25a8%25d8%25b9%25d8%25af-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2586%25d9%2587%25d9%258a%25d8%25a7%25d8%25b1-%25d9%2582%25d9%2588%25d8%25a7%25d8%25aa-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d9%2586%25d8%25b8%25d8%25a7%25d9%2585-%25d9%2581%25d9%258a-%25d9%2585%25d8%25af%25d9%258a%25d9%2586%25d8%25a9-%25d8%25ad%25d9%2585%25d8%25a7%25d8%25a9-%25d8%25a7%2F739364%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%87%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%83%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d9%84%d9%82%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%80-%d9%80%d9%8a%d9%80-%d9%80%d8%a6%d8%a9/739376/">"Major collapse of the regime forces.. "Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham" controls strategic sites near the city of Hama and enters the city of Salamiyah without fighting"</a> (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 5 December 2024. Retrieved 5 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Major+collapse+of+the+regime+forces..+%22Hay%27at+Tahrir+al-Sham%22+controls+strategic+sites+near+the+city+of+Hama+and+enters+the+city+of+Salamiyah+without+fighting&rft.date=2024-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2F%25d8%25a7%25d9%2586%25d9%2587%25d9%258a%25d8%25a7%25d8%25b1-%25d9%2583%25d8%25a8%25d9%258a%25d8%25b1-%25d9%2584%25d9%2582%25d9%2588%25d8%25a7%25d8%25aa-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d9%2586%25d8%25b8%25d8%25a7%25d9%2585-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d9%2587%25d9%2580-%25d9%2580%25d9%258a%25d9%2580-%25d9%2580%25d8%25a6%25d8%25a9%2F739376%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/%d9%82%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%b2%d9%84-%d9%85%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%b5-%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4/739407/">"Regime forces isolate Homs city from northern countryside.. and warplanes target outskirts of Rastan city near a main bridge on Homs-Hama road"</a> (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 5 December 2024. Retrieved 5 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Regime+forces+isolate+Homs+city+from+northern+countryside..+and+warplanes+target+outskirts+of+Rastan+city+near+a+main+bridge+on+Homs-Hama+road&rft.date=2024-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2F%25d9%2582%25d9%2588%25d8%25a7%25d8%25aa-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d9%2586%25d8%25b8%25d8%25a7%25d9%2585-%25d8%25aa%25d8%25b9%25d8%25b2%25d9%2584-%25d9%2585%25d8%25af%25d9%258a%25d9%2586%25d8%25a9-%25d8%25ad%25d9%2585%25d8%25b5-%25d8%25b9%25d9%2586-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25b1%25d9%258a%25d9%2581-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25b4%2F739407%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/%d8%b1%d8%ba%d9%85-%d9%85%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%86%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85/739449/">"Despite warplanes' attempts to prevent progress, Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham and factions control the cities of Talbiseh and Rastan, north of Homs, amid the absence of regime forces"</a> (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 6 December 2024. Retrieved 6 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Despite+warplanes%27+attempts+to+prevent+progress%2C+Hay%27at+Tahrir+al-Sham+and+factions+control+the+cities+of+Talbiseh+and+Rastan%2C+north+of+Homs%2C+amid+the+absence+of+regime+forces&rft.date=2024-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2F%25d8%25b1%25d8%25ba%25d9%2585-%25d9%2585%25d8%25ad%25d8%25a7%25d9%2588%25d9%2584%25d8%25a7%25d8%25aa-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25b7%25d9%258a%25d8%25b1%25d8%25a7%25d9%2586-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25ad%25d8%25b1%25d8%25a8%25d9%258a-%25d9%2585%25d9%2586%25d8%25b9-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25aa%25d9%2582%25d8%25af%25d9%2585%2F739449%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/%d8%aa%d8%b2%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%8b-%d9%85%d8%b9-%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%84-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%87%d8%a7-%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%85/739451/">"Coinciding with the advance of the factions and their approach to the city of Homs... warplanes launch air strikes on the city of Talbiseh"</a> (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 6 December 2024. Retrieved 6 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Coinciding+with+the+advance+of+the+factions+and+their+approach+to+the+city+of+Homs...+warplanes+launch+air+strikes+on+the+city+of+Talbiseh&rft.date=2024-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2F%25d8%25aa%25d8%25b2%25d8%25a7%25d9%2585%25d9%2586%25d8%25a7%25d9%258b-%25d9%2585%25d8%25b9-%25d8%25aa%25d9%2582%25d8%25af%25d9%2585-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d9%2581%25d8%25b5%25d8%25a7%25d8%25a6%25d9%2584-%25d9%2588%25d8%25a7%25d9%2582%25d8%25aa%25d8%25b1%25d8%25a7%25d8%25a8%25d9%2587%25d8%25a7-%25d9%2585%25d9%2586-%25d9%2585%2F739451%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/%d9%81%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%84-%d8%b1%d8%af%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%af%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a3%d9%83%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%ad/739486/">""Deterrence of Aggression" factions approach the largest military college in Syria.. and 11 civilians killed and injured in airstrikes in the northern Homs countryside"</a> (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 6 December 2024. Retrieved 6 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%22Deterrence+of+Aggression%22+factions+approach+the+largest+military+college+in+Syria..+and+11+civilians+killed+and+injured+in+airstrikes+in+the+northern+Homs+countryside&rft.date=2024-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2F%25d9%2581%25d8%25b5%25d8%25a7%25d8%25a6%25d9%2584-%25d8%25b1%25d8%25af%25d8%25b9-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25b9%25d8%25af%25d9%2588%25d8%25a7%25d9%2586-%25d8%25aa%25d9%2582%25d8%25aa%25d8%25b1%25d8%25a8-%25d9%2585%25d9%2586-%25d8%25a3%25d9%2583%25d8%25a8%25d8%25b1-%25d9%2583%25d9%2584%25d9%258a%25d8%25a9-%25d8%25ad%2F739486%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%87-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%b5%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%af%d9%85%d8%b4%d9%82-%d9%82%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%ad%d8%a8/739482/">"Towards the capital Damascus.. Regime forces withdraw from several points in Deir Ezzor, Al-Mayadeen and Al-Bukamal"</a> (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 6 December 2024. Retrieved 6 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Towards+the+capital+Damascus..+Regime+forces+withdraw+from+several+points+in+Deir+Ezzor%2C+Al-Mayadeen+and+Al-Bukamal&rft.date=2024-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2F%25d8%25a8%25d8%25a7%25d8%25aa%25d8%25ac%25d8%25a7%25d9%2587-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25b9%25d8%25a7%25d8%25b5%25d9%2585%25d8%25a9-%25d8%25af%25d9%2585%25d8%25b4%25d9%2582-%25d9%2582%25d9%2588%25d8%25a7%25d8%25aa-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d9%2586%25d8%25b8%25d8%25a7%25d9%2585-%25d8%25aa%25d9%2586%25d8%25b3%25d8%25ad%25d8%25a8%2F739482%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2024/12/06/syria-s-defense-ministry-denies-report-that-government-troops-withdrew-from-homs-">"Syria's defense ministry denies report that government troops withdrew from Homs"</a>. Alarabiya News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Syria%27s+defense+ministry+denies+report+that+government+troops+withdrew+from+Homs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2FNews%2Fmiddle-east%2F2024%2F12%2F06%2Fsyria-s-defense-ministry-denies-report-that-government-troops-withdrew-from-homs-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAbdulrahim2024" class="citation news cs1">Abdulrahim, Raja (6 December 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/12/06/world/middleeast/syria-rebels-damascus-iran.html">"As Syrian Rebels Advance, Iran Grows Nervous and Neighbors Close Their Borders"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=As+Syrian+Rebels+Advance%2C+Iran+Grows+Nervous+and+Neighbors+Close+Their+Borders&rft.date=2024-12-06&rft.aulast=Abdulrahim&rft.aufirst=Raja&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F12%2F06%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsyria-rebels-damascus-iran.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto4-137"><a href="#cite_ref-auto4_137-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFassihi2024" class="citation news cs1">Fassihi, Farnaz (6 December 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/12/06/world/middleeast/iran-syria-evacuation.html">"Iran Begins to Evacuate Military Officials and Personnel From Syria"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Iran+Begins+to+Evacuate+Military+Officials+and+Personnel+From+Syria&rft.date=2024-12-06&rft.aulast=Fassihi&rft.aufirst=Farnaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F12%2F06%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Firan-syria-evacuation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/israel-hamas-war-gaza-lebanon-news-7-december-2024-53419e23991cfc14a7857c82f49eb26f">"Middle East latest: Syria's forces withdraw from Homs, a key link between the capital and coast"</a>. The Associated Press. 7 December 2024. Retrieved 7 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Middle+East+latest%3A+Syria%27s+forces+withdraw+from+Homs%2C+a+key+link+between+the+capital+and+coast&rft.date=2024-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fisrael-hamas-war-gaza-lebanon-news-7-december-2024-53419e23991cfc14a7857c82f49eb26f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%ac-%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%b7%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%a7%d9%85-%d9%85%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%84/739570/">"Sweida is out of the regime's control.. Local gunmen control many security centers in the city and its surroundings, and the governor flees after tensions escalate"</a> (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 6 December 2024. Retrieved 24 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sweida+is+out+of+the+regime%27s+control..+Local+gunmen+control+many+security+centers+in+the+city+and+its+surroundings%2C+and+the+governor+flees+after+tensions+escalate&rft.date=2024-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2F%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25b3%25d9%2588%25d9%258a%25d8%25af%25d8%25a7%25d8%25a1-%25d8%25ae%25d8%25a7%25d8%25b1%25d8%25ac-%25d8%25b3%25d9%258a%25d8%25b7%25d8%25b1%25d8%25a9-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d9%2586%25d8%25b8%25d8%25a7%25d9%2585-%25d9%2585%25d8%25b3%25d9%2584%25d8%25ad%25d9%2588%25d9%2586-%25d9%2585%25d8%25ad%25d9%2584%2F739570%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eremnews.com/news/arab-world/jgf1ru2">"المعارضة المسلحة تصل السويداء وتسيطر على مقرات أمنية (فيديو)"</a>. Erem news. 6 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Erem+news&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A9+%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A1+%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%B1+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9+%28%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%29&rft.date=2024-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eremnews.com%2Fnews%2Farab-world%2Fjgf1ru2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/%d9%85%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d9%85%d9%8a/739552/">"With the withdrawal of Russian forces to the Hmeimim base.. Regime forces and Iranian militias leave the city of Palmyra, east of Homs"</a> (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 6 December 2024. Retrieved 6 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=With+the+withdrawal+of+Russian+forces+to+the+Hmeimim+base..+Regime+forces+and+Iranian+militias+leave+the+city+of+Palmyra%2C+east+of+Homs&rft.date=2024-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2F%25d9%2585%25d8%25b9-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2586%25d8%25b3%25d8%25ad%25d8%25a7%25d8%25a8-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d9%2582%25d9%2588%25d8%25a7%25d8%25aa-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25b1%25d9%2588%25d8%25b3%25d9%258a%25d8%25a9-%25d8%25a5%25d9%2584%25d9%2589-%25d9%2582%25d8%25a7%25d8%25b9%25d8%25af%25d8%25a9-%25d8%25ad%25d9%2585%25d9%258a%2F739552%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%af-%d8%af%d8%ae%d9%88%d9%84-%d9%82%d8%b3%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%80-%d9%80%d9%8a%d9%80-%d9%80%d9%84%d9%80-%d9%80%d9%8a%d9%80-%d9%80%d8%b4%d9%80-%d9%80%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa/739546/">"After the entry of the "SDF" .. the pro-Iranian militias evacuate their positions in Al-Bukamal in the eastern countryside of Deir Ezzor"</a>. Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 6 December 2024. Retrieved 6 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=After+the+entry+of+the+%22SDF%22+..+the+pro-Iranian+militias+evacuate+their+positions+in+Al-Bukamal+in+the+eastern+countryside+of+Deir+Ezzor&rft.date=2024-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2F%25d8%25a8%25d8%25b9%25d8%25af-%25d8%25af%25d8%25ae%25d9%2588%25d9%2584-%25d9%2582%25d8%25b3%25d8%25af-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d9%2585%25d9%2580-%25d9%2580%25d9%258a%25d9%2580-%25d9%2580%25d9%2584%25d9%2580-%25d9%2580%25d9%258a%25d9%2580-%25d9%2580%25d8%25b4%25d9%2580-%25d9%2580%25d9%258a%25d8%25a7%25d8%25aa%2F739546%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20241206-us-backed-syrian-free-army-advances-in-homs-with-reports-of-clashes-with-regime-forces-in-palmyra/">"US-backed Syrian Free Army advances in Homs, with reports of clashes with regime forces in Palmyra"</a>. Middle East Monitor. 6 December 2024. Retrieved 7 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Monitor&rft.atitle=US-backed+Syrian+Free+Army+advances+in+Homs%2C+with+reports+of+clashes+with+regime+forces+in+Palmyra&rft.date=2024-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeastmonitor.com%2F20241206-us-backed-syrian-free-army-advances-in-homs-with-reports-of-clashes-with-regime-forces-in-palmyra%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/%d9%84%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%88%d9%84%d9%89-%d9%85%d9%86%d8%b0-%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%aa%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a%d9%84-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%88%d9%84/739669/">"For the first time since Israel occupied the Syrian Golan Heights, regime forces withdraw from their positions on the border with the Golan Heights and most of the southern regions, and Russia withdraws from its points"</a> (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 7 December 2024. Retrieved 7 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=For+the+first+time+since+Israel+occupied+the+Syrian+Golan+Heights%2C+regime+forces+withdraw+from+their+positions+on+the+border+with+the+Golan+Heights+and+most+of+the+southern+regions%2C+and+Russia+withdraws+from+its+points&rft.date=2024-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2F%25d9%2584%25d9%2584%25d9%2585%25d8%25b1%25d8%25a9-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25a3%25d9%2588%25d9%2584%25d9%2589-%25d9%2585%25d9%2586%25d8%25b0-%25d8%25a7%25d8%25ad%25d8%25aa%25d9%2584%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584-%25d8%25a5%25d8%25b3%25d8%25b1%25d8%25a7%25d8%25a6%25d9%258a%25d9%2584-%25d9%2584%25d9%2584%25d8%25ac%25d9%2588%25d9%2584%2F739669%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.barrons.com/news/israel-army-says-assisting-un-forces-in-repelling-attack-in-syria-2377247f">"Israel Army Says Assisting UN Forces In 'Repelling Attack' In Syria"</a>. Barron's. 7 December 2024. 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Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 7 December 2024. Retrieved 7 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Local+factions+break+the+first+lines+of+defense+of+Homs+city+and+attack+the+headquarters+of+the+26th+Division+and+the+College+of+Engineering+near+the+city&rft.date=2024-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2F%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d9%2581%25d8%25b5%25d8%25a7%25d8%25a6%25d9%2584-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d9%2585%25d8%25ad%25d9%2584%25d9%258a%25d8%25a9-%25d8%25aa%25d9%2583%25d8%25b3%25d8%25b1-%25d8%25ae%25d8%25b7%25d9%2588%25d8%25b7-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25af%25d9%2581%25d8%25a7%25d8%25b9-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25a3%25d9%2588%2F739707%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%af%d9%85%d8%b4%d9%82-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%af%d9%86-%d9%85%d8%aa/739738/">"After the major withdrawal in the Damascus countryside and cities adjacent to the capital.. Regime forces redeploy in the capital Damascus"</a> (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 7 December 2024. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/has-ukraine-helped-syrian-rebel-offensive-aleppo">the original</a> on 2 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Eye&rft.atitle=Has+Ukraine+helped+the+Syrian+rebel+offensive+in+Aleppo%3F&rft.date=2024-12-02&rft.aulast=Soylu&rft.aufirst=Ragip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Fnews%2Fhas-ukraine-helped-syrian-rebel-offensive-aleppo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241204184206/https://www.newarab.com/news/ukraine-intelligence-may-be-coordinating-syrian-rebels">"Ukrainian intelligence coordinating with Syrian rebels against 'mutual enemy', says opposition figure"</a>. 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More dominoes may fall across the Middle East"</a>. 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Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Europe%2FRadio+Liberty&rft.atitle=Losing+Syria+is+A+%27Huge+Slap+in+the+Face%27+for+Russia&rft.aulast=Scollon&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Bezhan%2C+Frud&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2Frussia-syria-assad-ukraine%2F33229577.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2024+Syrian+opposition+offensives" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hay&#039;at_Tahrir_al-Sham80" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Idlib" title="Insurgency in Idlib">Insurgency in Idlib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Salvation_Government" title="Syrian Salvation Government">Syrian Salvation Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_transitional_government" title="Syrian transitional government">Syrian transitional government</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Factions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaysh_al-Sunna" title="Jaysh al-Sunna">Jaysh al-Sunna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_al-Haqq_(Idlib)" title="Liwa al-Haqq (Idlib)">Liwa al-Haqq (Idlib)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katibat_Jabal_al-Islam" title="Katibat Jabal al-Islam">Katibat Jabal al-Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nour_al-Din_al-Zenki_Movement" title="Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement">Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front" title="Al-Nusra Front">Al-Nusra Front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khorasan_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Khorasan Group">Khorasan Group</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_al-Sharaa" title="Ahmed al-Sharaa">Ahmed al-Sharaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_al-Bashir" title="Mohammed al-Bashir">Mohammed al-Bashir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_al-Mousa" title="Mustafa al-Mousa">Mustafa al-Mousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Abdel_Ghani" title="Hassan Abdel Ghani">Hassan Abdel Ghani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_al-Jinah_airstrike" title="2017 al-Jinah airstrike">2017 al-Jinah airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Jinn_offensive" title="Beit Jinn offensive">Beit Jinn offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93June_2017)" title="Daraa offensive (February–June 2017)">Daraa offensive (February–June 2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(June_2017)" title="Daraa offensive (June 2017)">Daraa offensive (June 2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Ghouta_inter-rebel_conflict_(April%E2%80%93May_2017)" title="East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (April–May 2017)">East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (April–May 2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_offensive_(March%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Hama offensive (March–April 2017)">Hama offensive (March–April 2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_offensive_(September_2017)" title="Hama offensive (September 2017)">Hama offensive (September 2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(January%E2%80%93March_2017)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (January–March 2017)">Idlib Governorate clashes (January–March 2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(July_2017)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (July 2017)">Idlib Governorate clashes (July 2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Jobar_offensive" title="2017 Jobar offensive">2017 Jobar offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaboun_offensive_(2017)" title="Qaboun offensive (2017)">Qaboun offensive (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_offensive_(June_2017)" title="Quneitra offensive (June 2017)">Quneitra offensive (June 2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Daraa_offensive_(February_2017)" title="Southwestern Daraa offensive (February 2017)">Southwestern Daraa offensive (February 2017)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Southern_Syria_offensive" title="2018 Southern Syria offensive">2018 Southern Syria offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Qalamoun_offensive_(April_2018)" title="Eastern Qalamoun offensive (April 2018)">Eastern Qalamoun offensive (April 2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Homs_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2018)" title="Northern Homs offensive (April–May 2018)">Northern Homs offensive (April–May 2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(February%E2%80%93April_2018)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (February–April 2018)">Rif Dimashq offensive (February–April 2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(January%E2%80%93February_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (January–February 2018)">Southern Damascus offensive (January–February 2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(March_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (March 2018)">Southern Damascus offensive (March 2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (April–May 2018)">Southern Damascus offensive (April–May 2018)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_for_Liberation%E2%80%93Tahrir_al-Sham_conflict" title="National Front for Liberation–Tahrir al-Sham conflict">National Front for Liberation–Tahrir al-Sham conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(April%E2%80%93August_2019)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (April–August 2019)">Northwestern Syria offensive (April–August 2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(December_2019_%E2%80%93_March_2020)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (December 2019 – March 2020)">Northwestern Syria offensive (December 2019 – March 2020)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_demilitarization_(2018%E2%80%932019)" title="Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019)">Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(June_2020)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (June 2020)">Idlib Governorate clashes (June 2020)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ahrar_al-Sham%E2%80%93Levant_Front_clashes" title="2022 Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes">2022 Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_clashes_(October_2022)" title="Northern Aleppo clashes (October 2022)">Northern Aleppo clashes (October 2022)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2024 Syrian opposition offensives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aleppo_(2024)" title="Battle of Aleppo (2024)">Battle of Aleppo (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Hama_offensive" title="2024 Hama offensive">2024 Hama offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Homs_offensive" title="2024 Homs offensive">2024 Homs offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Syria_offensive_(2024)" title="Southern Syria offensive (2024)">Southern Syria offensive (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Damascus_(2024)" title="Fall of Damascus (2024)">Fall of Damascus (2024)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Syrian_civil_war139" style="wide;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Syrian_civil_war" title="Template:Syrian civil war"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Syrian_civil_war" title="Template talk:Syrian civil war"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Syrian_civil_war" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Syrian civil war"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Syrian_civil_war139" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><div id="Overviews139" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Overviews</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">Main overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria">Rojava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war">Timeline </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Background_and_causes_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Background and causes of the Syrian Civil War">Background and causes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_government_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian government reactions to the Syrian civil war">Syrian government reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belligerents_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Belligerents in the Syrian civil war">Belligerents </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-rebel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Spillover of the Syrian civil war">Spillover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_of_cities_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Control of cities during the Syrian civil war">Cities and towns </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism_and_minorities_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war">Sectarianism and minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2017%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present)">Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2024 Syrian opposition offensives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Assad_regime" title="Fall of the Assad regime">Fall of the Assad regime</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">Effects and ongoing concerns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Casualties of the Syrian civil war">Casualties of the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Refugees of the Syrian civil war">Refugees of the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war">Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war">Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">Phases and processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_revolution" title="Syrian revolution">Syrian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_insurgency_phase_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Early insurgency phase of the Syrian civil war">Early insurgency phase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%932013_escalation_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="2012–2013 escalation of the Syrian civil war">2012–2013 escalation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_ceasefires" title="Syrian civil war ceasefires">Ceasefires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_peace_process" title="Syrian peace process">Syrian peace process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">World reaction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="International reactions to the Syrian civil war">International reactions to the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war">Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_fall_of_the_Assad_regime" title="Reactions to the fall of the Assad regime">Reactions to the fall of the Assad regime</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">Specific groups and countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian involvement in the Syrian civil war">Russian involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Russian intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war">Turkish involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_occupation_of_northern_Syria" title="Turkish occupation of northern Syria">Turkish occupation of northern Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Northern_Syria_Buffer_Zone" title="Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone">Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_demilitarization_(2018%E2%80%932019)" title="Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019)">Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">US intervention in the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_attacks_on_U.S._bases_in_Iraq_and_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq and Syria">2023 attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq and Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Area_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish Area in Syria">Kurdish Area in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">Syrian Democratic Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rojava_conflict" title="Rojava conflict">Rojava conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve">U.S. task force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">Agreements and dialogues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian-Turkish_agreement_on_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria">Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AANES%E2%80%93Syria_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="AANES–Syria relations">Relations between Syrian government and Kurdish groups in Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">Transitional phase</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_transitional_government" title="Syrian transitional government">Syrian transitional government</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><div id="Timeline139" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war">Timeline</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Background_and_causes_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Background and causes of the Syrian Civil War">Background</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1963_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Syrian coup d'état">1963 coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1966 Syrian coup d'état">1966 coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_Movement_(Syria)" title="Corrective Movement (Syria)">Corrective Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamist_uprising_in_Syria" title="Islamist uprising in Syria">Islamist uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Latakia_protests" title="1999 Latakia protests">Latakia protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_Spring" title="Damascus Spring">Damascus Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Qamishli_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Qamishli riots">Qamishli riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_occupation_of_Lebanon" title="Syrian occupation of Lebanon">Syrian occupation of Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_Declaration" title="Damascus Declaration">Damascus Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Syria" title="Human rights in Syria">Human rights in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010s_in_Syria_political_history" class="mw-redirect" title="2010s in Syria political history">2010s in Syria political history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2011 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2011)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2011)">Jan–Apr</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2011)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2011)">May–Aug</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2011)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_revolution" title="Syrian revolution">Syrian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Hamza_Ali_Al-Khateeb" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb">Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Daraa" title="Siege of Daraa">Siege of Daraa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Baniyas" title="Siege of Baniyas">Siege of Baniyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Talkalakh_(May_2011)" title="Siege of Talkalakh (May 2011)">May Talkalakh siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rastan_and_Talbiseh" title="Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh">Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2011_Jisr_ash-Shughur_clashes" title="June 2011 Jisr ash-Shughur clashes">June Jisr ash-Shughur operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hama_(2011)" title="Siege of Hama (2011)">Siege of Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Homs" title="Siege of Homs">Siege of Homs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_2011_Jabal_al-Zawiya_operation" title="Summer 2011 Jabal al-Zawiya operation">Jabal al-Zawiya operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Latakia" title="Siege of Latakia">Siege of Latakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_clashes_(2011%E2%80%932014)" title="Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014)">Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_clashes_(November_2011%E2%80%93March_2012)" title="Rif Dimashq clashes (November 2011–March 2012)">Rif Dimashq clashes (Nov 2011-Mar 2012)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zabadani_(2012)" title="Battle of Zabadani (2012)">Battle of Zabadani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Douma" title="Battle of Douma">Battle of Douma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_Governorate_clashes_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Daraa Governorate clashes (2011–2013)">Daraa Governorate clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rastan_(2011)" title="Battle of Rastan (2011)">Battle of Rastan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shayrat_and_Tiyas_airbase_ambush" title="Shayrat and Tiyas airbase ambush">Shayrat and Tiyas airbase ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(September_2011_%E2%80%93_March_2012)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (September 2011 – March 2012)">Idlib Governorate clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2011_Jabal_al-Zawiya_massacres" title="December 2011 Jabal al-Zawiya massacres">December Jabal al-Zawiya massacres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2012 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2012)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2012)">Jan–Apr</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2012)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2012)">May–Aug</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2012)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2012)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2012_al-Midan_bombing" title="January 2012 al-Midan bombing">January al-Midan bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rastan_(January%E2%80%93February_2012)" title="Battle of Rastan (January–February 2012)">Battle of Rastan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Idlib_(2012)" title="Battle of Idlib (2012)">First Battle of Idlib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qusayr_(2012)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of al-Qusayr (2012)">Battle of al-Qusayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2012_Idlib_Governorate_Operation" title="April 2012 Idlib Governorate Operation">Idlib Governorate operation (Apr)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Taftanaz" title="Battle of Taftanaz">Battle of Taftanaz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rastan_(May_2012)" title="Battle of Rastan (May 2012)">May Battle of Rastan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houla_massacre" title="Houla massacre">Houla massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Haffah" title="Battle of al-Haffah">Battle of al-Haffah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qubeir_massacre" title="Al-Qubeir massacre">Al-Qubeir massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tremseh" title="Battle of Tremseh">Battle of Tremseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Damascus_(2012)" title="Battle of Damascus (2012)">Battle of Damascus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18_July_2012_Damascus_bombing" title="18 July 2012 Damascus bombing">18 July 2012 Damascus bombing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aleppo_(2012%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016)">Battle of Aleppo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anadan" title="Battle of Anadan">Battle of Anadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Base_46" title="Siege of Base 46">Siege of Base 46</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah_Governorate_campaign_(2012%E2%80%932013)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–2013)">Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(August%E2%80%93October_2012)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (August–October 2012)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug-Oct)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darayya_massacre" title="Darayya massacre">Darayya massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khirbet_Al-Joz" title="Battle of Khirbet Al-Joz">Battle of Khirbet Al-Joz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maarrat_al-Numan_(2012)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Maarrat al-Numan (2012)">Battle of Maarrat al-Numan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Wadi_Deif_(2012%E2%80%932013)" title="Siege of Wadi Deif (2012–2013)">First siege of Wadi Deif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Harem" title="Battle of Harem">Battle of Harem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(November_2012%E2%80%93February_2013)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (November 2012–February 2013)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Nov 2012–Feb 2013)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Darayya_(November_2012%E2%80%93February_2013)" title="Battle of Darayya (November 2012–February 2013)">Battle of Darayya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqrab_massacre" title="Aqrab massacre">Aqrab massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Hama_offensive" title="2012 Hama offensive">Hama offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halfaya_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Halfaya massacre">Halfaya massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Darayya_(November_2012%E2%80%93February_2013)" title="Battle of Darayya (November 2012–February 2013)">Battle of Darayya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_Governorate_clashes_(2012%E2%80%932014)" title="Quneitra Governorate clashes (2012–2014)">Quneitra Governorate clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talbiseh_bakery_massacre" title="Talbiseh bakery massacre">Talbiseh bakery massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2013 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2013)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2013)">Jan–Apr</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93December_2013)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–December 2013)">May–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Safira" title="Battle of Safira">Battle of Safira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shaddadi_(2013)" title="Battle of Shaddadi (2013)">Battle of Shadadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_offensive_(2013)" title="Damascus offensive (2013)">Damascus offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2012%E2%80%932013)" title="Raqqa campaign (2012–2013)">Raqqa campaign (2012–2013)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2013)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2013)">Battle of Raqqa (Mar)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Daraa_offensive" title="2013 Daraa offensive">Daraa offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(March%E2%80%93August_2013)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (March–August 2013)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Mar–Aug)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jdaidet_al-Fadl" title="Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl">Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghouta_chemical_attack" title="Ghouta chemical attack">Ghouta chemical attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qusayr_offensive" title="Al-Qusayr offensive">Al-Qusayr offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qusayr_(2013)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of al-Qusayr (2013)">Battle of al-Qusayr</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayda_and_Baniyas_massacres" title="Bayda and Baniyas massacres">Bayda and Baniyas massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Hama_offensive" title="2013 Hama offensive">Hama offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatla_massacre" title="Hatla massacre">Hatla massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_al-Assal_chemical_attack" title="Khan al-Assal chemical attack">Khan al-Assal chemical attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_al-Assal_massacre" title="Khan al-Assal massacre">Khan al-Assal massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adra_massacre" title="Adra massacre">Adra massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ras_al-Ayn_(2012%E2%80%9313)" title="Battle of Ras al-Ayn (2012–13)">Battle of Ras al-Ayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Abyad_(2013)" title="Battle of Tell Abyad (2013)">Battle of Tell Abyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(September%E2%80%93November_2013)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (September–November 2013)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October%E2%80%93December_2013)" title="Aleppo offensive (October–December 2013)">Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Yaarubiyah" title="Battle of al-Yaarubiyah">Battle of al-Yaarubiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Hamis_and_Tell_Brak_(December_2013%E2%80%93January_2014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (December 2013–January 2014)">Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (Dec–Jan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2014 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–July 2014)">Jan–Jul</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(August%E2%80%93December_2014)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (August–December 2014)">Aug–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inter-rebel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil war">First Inter-rebel conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Markada" title="Battle of Markada">Battle of Markada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(April%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (April–July 2014)">Deir ez-Zor offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Morek" title="Battle of Morek">Battle of Morek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93May_2014)" title="Daraa offensive (February–May 2014)">Daraa offensive (Feb–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maan_massacre" title="Maan massacre">Maan massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Otaiba_ambush" title="Al-Otaiba ambush">Al-Otaiba ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Idlib_offensive" title="2014 Idlib offensive">Idlib offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hosn" title="Battle of Hosn">Battle of Hosn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Latakia_offensive" title="2014 Latakia offensive">Latakia Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Malihah" title="Battle of Al-Malihah">Battle of Al-Malihah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Kafr_Zita_chemical_attack" title="2014 Kafr Zita chemical attack">Kafr Zita chemical attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Wadi_Deif_(2014)" title="Siege of Wadi Deif (2014)">Second siege of Wadi Deif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(2014)" title="Qalamoun offensive (2014)">Qalamoun offensive (Jun–Aug)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arsal_(2014)" title="Battle of Arsal (2014)">Battle of Arsal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Shaer_gas_field_(July_2014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Shaer gas field (July 2014)">First Battle of the Shaer gas field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Eastern_Syria_offensive" title="2014 Eastern Syria offensive">Eastern Syria offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa_Airbase" title="Battle of Tabqa Airbase">Battle of Tabqa Airbase</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(February%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (February–July 2014)">Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb–Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Hama_offensive" title="2014 Hama offensive">Hama Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Quneitra_offensive" title="2014 Quneitra offensive">Quneitra offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(August%E2%80%93November_2014)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (August–November 2014)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Koban%C3%AE" title="Siege of Kobanî">Siege of Kobanî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homs_school_bombing" title="Homs school bombing">Homs school bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(October_2014)" title="Daraa offensive (October 2014)">Daraa offensive (Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Al-Safira_offensive" title="2014 Al-Safira offensive">Al-Safira offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_raid_on_Idlib_city" title="2014 raid on Idlib city">Idlib Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front%E2%80%93SRF/Hazzm_Movement_conflict" title="Al-Nusra Front–SRF/Hazzm Movement conflict">Second Inter-Rebel Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Shaer_gas_field_(October%E2%80%93November_2014)" title="Battle of the Shaer gas field (October–November 2014)">Second Battle of the Shaer gas field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Shaykh_Maskin_(2014)" title="Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin (2014)">Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(December_2014)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (December 2014)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (Dec)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2015 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–July 2015)">Jan–Jul</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(August%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (August–December 2015)">Aug–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_Syrian_Air_Force_An-26_crash" title="2015 Syrian Air Force An-26 crash">Air Force An-26 crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(January_2015)" title="Daraa offensive (January 2015)">Daraa Offensive (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Southern_Syria_offensive" title="2015 Southern Syria offensive">Southern Syria Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Eastern al-Hasakah offensive">Eastern al-Hasakah offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (March–April 2015)">Battle of Sarrin (Mar–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(June%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)">Battle of Sarrin (Jun–Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bosra_(2015)" title="Battle of Bosra (2015)">Battle of Bosra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Idlib_offensive" title="2015 Idlib offensive">Idlib Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Idlib_(2015)" title="Battle of Idlib (2015)">Second Battle of Idlib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nasib_Border_Crossing" title="Battle of Nasib Border Crossing">Battle of Nasib Border Crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yarmouk_Camp_(2015)" title="Battle of Yarmouk Camp (2015)">Battle of Yarmouk Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Western al-Hasakah offensive">Western al-Hasakah offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(May_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (May 2015)">Palmyra offensive (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Qamishli_bombings" title="2015 Qamishli bombings">Qamishli bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Abyad_offensive" title="Tell Abyad offensive">Tell Abyad offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koban%C3%AE_massacre" title="Kobanî massacre">Kobanî massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_offensive_(June_2015)" title="Quneitra offensive (June 2015)">Quneitra offensive (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(July%E2%80%93August_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (July–August 2015)">Palmyra offensive (Jul–Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(September_2015)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (September 2015)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2015)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (October–November 2015)">Northwestern Syria offensive (Oct–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Aleppo offensive (October–December 2015)">Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_al-Hawl_offensive" title="2015 al-Hawl offensive">Al-Hawl offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homs_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Homs offensive (November–December 2015)">Homs offensive (Nov-Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016)">East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_Latakia_offensive" title="2015–2016 Latakia offensive">2015–2016 Latakia offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishrin_Dam_offensive" title="Tishrin Dam offensive">Tishrin Dam offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Russian_Sukhoi_Su-24_shootdown" title="2015 Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown">Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2016 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2016)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2016)">Jan–Apr</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2016)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2016)">May–Aug</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2016)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2016)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Shaykh_Maskin_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin (2015–2016)">Second Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2016)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (2016)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_attacks#January" title="2016 Sayyidah Zaynab attacks">January Sayyidah Zaynab bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(February_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (February 2016)">Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93March_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (February–March 2016)">Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Feb–Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shaddadi_offensive_(2016)" title="Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)">Al-Shaddadi offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Homs_bombings" title="February 2016 Homs bombings">February Homs bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_attacks#February" title="2016 Sayyidah Zaynab attacks">February Sayyidah Zaynab bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Khanasir_offensive" title="2016 Khanasir offensive">Khanasir offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Abyad_(2016)" title="Battle of Tell Abyad (2016)">Battle of Tel Abyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maarrat_al-Numan_(2016)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Maarrat al-Numan (2016)">Battle of Maarrat al-Numan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qamishli_(2016)" title="Battle of Qamishli (2016)">Battle of Qamishli (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(March%E2%80%93June_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016)">Northern Aleppo offensive (Mar–Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(March_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (March 2016)">Palmyra offensive (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Ghouta_inter-rebel_conflict_(April%E2%80%93May_2016)" title="East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (April–May 2016)">East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2016)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (April–May 2016)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Apr–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Raqqa_offensive" title="Northern Raqqa offensive">Northern Raqqa offensive (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Jableh_and_Tartous_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2016 Jableh and Tartous bombings">May Jableh & Tartous bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(June_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (June 2016)">Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(June%E2%80%93October_2016)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (June–October 2016)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Jun–Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manbij_offensive_(2016)" title="Manbij offensive (2016)">Manbij offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tokhar_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokhar massacre">Tokhar massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Southern_Aleppo_campaign" title="2016 Southern Aleppo campaign">Southern Aleppo campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Rai_(August_2016)" title="Battle of al-Rai (August 2016)">Battle of al-Rai (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Operation Euphrates Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Aleppo_summer_campaign" title="2016 Aleppo summer campaign">Aleppo summer campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(September_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (September 2016)">Western al-Bab offensive (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_September_2016_Syria_bombings" title="5 September 2016 Syria bombings">5 September bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2016_Deir_ez-Zor_air_raid" title="September 2016 Deir ez-Zor air raid">September Deir ez-Zor air raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2016_Urum_al-Kubra_aid_convoy_attack" title="September 2016 Urum al-Kubra aid convoy attack">September Urum al-Kubra aid convoy attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(September%E2%80%93October_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (September–October 2016)">Aleppo offensive (Sep–Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Dabiq_offensive" title="2016 Dabiq offensive">Dabiq offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (October–November 2016)">Western al-Bab offensive (Oct–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_al-Shih_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2016)" title="Khan al-Shih offensive (October–November 2016)">Khan al-Shih offensive (Oct–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)">Raqqa campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Bab" title="Battle of al-Bab">Battle of al-Bab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (November–December 2016)">Aleppo offensive (Nov-Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(December_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (December 2016)">Palmyra offensive (Dec)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2017 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2017)">Jan–Apr</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2017)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2017)">May–Aug</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2017)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2017)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Barada_offensive_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017)">Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2017_Azaz_bombing" title="January 2017 Azaz bombing">January Azaz bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2016%E2%80%93April_2017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017)">Desert campaign (Dec 16–Apr 17)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(January%E2%80%93March_2017)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (January–March 2017)">Idlib clashes (Jan–Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(January%E2%80%93February_2017)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (January–February 2017)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan–Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93June_2017)" title="Daraa offensive (February–June 2017)">Daraa offensive (Feb–Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Daraa_offensive_(February_2017)" title="Southwestern Daraa offensive (February 2017)">Southwestern Daraa offensive (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaboun_offensive_(2017)" title="Qaboun offensive (2017)">Qaboun offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(2017)" title="Palmyra offensive (2017)">Palmyra offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2017)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2017)">East Aleppo offensive (Jan–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2017_Damascus_bombings" title="March 2017 Damascus bombings">March Damascus bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_al-Jinah_airstrike" title="2017 al-Jinah airstrike">Al-Jinah airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_offensive_(March%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Hama offensive (March–April 2017)">Hama offensive (Mar–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa" title="Battle of Tabqa">Battle of Tabqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_Shaykhun_chemical_attack" title="Khan Shaykhun chemical attack">Khan Shaykhun chemical attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Shayrat_missile_strike" title="2017 Shayrat missile strike">Shayrat missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Aleppo_suicide_car_bombing" title="2017 Aleppo suicide car bombing">Aleppo bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2017_Turkish_airstrikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq" title="April 2017 Turkish airstrikes in Syria and Iraq">April Turkish airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Ghouta_inter-rebel_conflict_(April%E2%80%93May_2017)" title="East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (April–May 2017)">East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(May%E2%80%93July_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (May–July 2017)">Desert campaign (May–Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maskanah_Plains_offensive" title="Maskanah Plains offensive">Maskanah Plains offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Hama_offensive_(2017)" title="East Hama offensive (2017)">East Hama offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2017)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2017)">Battle of Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(June_2017)" title="Daraa offensive (June 2017)">Daraa offensive (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Southern_Raqqa_offensive" title="2017 Southern Raqqa offensive">Southern Raqqa offensive (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Jobar_offensive" title="2017 Jobar offensive">Jobar offensive (Jun–Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_offensive_(June_2017)" title="Quneitra offensive (June 2017)">Quneitra offensive (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(July_2017)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (July 2017)">Idlib clashes (Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Syria_campaign" title="Central Syria campaign">Central campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(2017)" title="Qalamoun offensive (2017)">Qalamoun (Jul–Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (Sep 17–Mar 18)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_offensive_(September_2017)" title="Hama offensive (September 2017)">Hama offensive (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_campaign_(October_2017%E2%80%93February_2018)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwestern Syria campaign (October 2017–February 2018)">Northwestern campaign (Oct 17–Feb 18)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_military_operation_in_Idlib_Governorate" title="Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate">Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Harasta_(2017%E2%80%932018)" title="Battle of Harasta (2017–2018)">Battle of Harasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Syria_campaign_(September%E2%80%93December_2017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Syria campaign (September–December 2017)">Eastern campaign (Sep–Dec)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Euphrates_Crossing_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Euphrates Crossing offensive">Euphrates Crossing offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Mayadin_offensive" title="2017 Mayadin offensive">Mayadin offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(September%E2%80%93November_2017)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (September–November 2017)">Battle of Deir ez-Zor (Sep–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2017 Abu Kamal offensive">Abu Kamal offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Jinn_offensive" title="Beit Jinn offensive">Beit Jinn offensive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2018 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2018)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2018)">Jan–Apr</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2018)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2018)">May–Aug</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2018)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2018)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Olive_Branch" title="Operation Olive Branch">Operation Olive Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khasham" title="Battle of Khasham">Battle of Khasham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(February%E2%80%93April_2018)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (February–April 2018)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Feb–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(January%E2%80%93February_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (January–February 2018)">Southern Damascus offensive (Jan–Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Liberation_Front%E2%80%93Tahrir_al-Sham_conflict" title="Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict">Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(March_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (March 2018)">Southern Damascus offensive (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douma_chemical_attack" title="Douma chemical attack">Douma chemical attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2018_missile_strikes_against_Syria" title="April 2018 missile strikes against Syria">Missile strikes (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Homs_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2018)" title="Northern Homs offensive (April–May 2018)">Northern Homs offensive (Apr–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Qalamoun_offensive_(April_2018)" title="Eastern Qalamoun offensive (April 2018)">Eastern Qalamoun offensive (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (April–May 2018)">Southern Damascus offensive (Apr–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_Governorate_clashes" title="Deir ez-Zor Governorate clashes">Deir ez-Zor clashes (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2018)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (2018)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (May–Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(June_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (June 2018)">As-Suwayda offensive (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Southern_Syria_offensive" title="2018 Southern Syria offensive">Southern offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_As-Suwayda_attacks" title="2018 As-Suwayda attacks">As-Suwayda attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(August%E2%80%93November_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (August–November 2018)">As-Suwayda (Aug-Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qamishli_clashes_(2018)" title="Qamishli clashes (2018)">Qamishli clashes (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(September_2018)" title="Syria missile strikes (September 2018)">Missile strikes (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Syrian-Turkish_border_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 Syrian-Turkish border clashes">Northern border clashes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2019 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2019)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2019)">Jan–Apr</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2019)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2019)">May–Aug</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2019)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2019)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_for_Liberation%E2%80%93Tahrir_al-Sham_conflict" title="National Front for Liberation–Tahrir al-Sham conflict">Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Manbij_bombing" title="2019 Manbij bombing">Manbij bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani" title="Battle of Baghuz Fawqani">Battle of Baghuz Fawqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISIL_insurgency_in_Deir_ez-Zor_(2019)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIL insurgency in Deir ez-Zor (2019)">ISIL insurgency in Deir-ez-Zor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%AArik_prison_escape_attempt" title="Dêrik prison escape attempt">Dêrik prison escape attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Tell_Rifaat_clashes" title="2019 Tell Rifaat clashes">Tell Rifaat clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(April%E2%80%93August_2019)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (April–August 2019)">Northwestern offensive (Apr–Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2019_Syria_bombings" title="June 2019 Syria bombings">June bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hass_refugee_camp_bombing" title="Hass refugee camp bombing">Hass refugee camp bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(August_2019)" title="Syria missile strikes (August 2019)">Missile strikes (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria" title="2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria">Turkish offensive into northeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Barisha raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2019_Syria_bombings" title="November 2019 Syria bombings">November bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2019_Israeli_missile_strikes_in_Syria" title="November 2019 Israeli missile strikes in Syria">Israeli missile strikes (Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qah_missile_strike" title="Qah missile strike">Qah missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(December_2019%E2%80%93March_2020)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (December 2019–March 2020)">Northwestern offensive (Dec 19–Mar 20)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2019_United_States_airstrikes_in_Iraq_and_Syria" title="December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria">US airstrikes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2020 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2020)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2020)">Jan–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Syria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Syria">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Afrin_bombing" title="2020 Afrin bombing">Afrin bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(June_2020)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (June 2020)">Idlib Governorate clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Kafr_Takharim_airstrike" title="2020 Kafr Takharim airstrike">Kafr-Takharim airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Ayn_Issa_clashes" title="2020–2021 Ayn Issa clashes">Ayn Issa clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Deir_ez-Zor_ambush" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Deir ez-Zor ambush">Deir ez-Zor ambush</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2021 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2021)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2021)">Jan–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Qamishli_and_Al-Hasakah" title="Siege of Qamishli and Al-Hasakah">Siege of Qamishli and Al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(January_2021)" title="Syria missile strikes (January 2021)">Missile strikes (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2021_United_States_airstrike_in_Syria" title="February 2021 United States airstrike in Syria">US airstrike (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qamishli_(2021)" title="Battle of Qamishli (2021)">Battle of Qamishli (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2021_United_States_airstrike_in_Syria" title="June 2021 United States airstrike in Syria">US airstrike (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Daraa_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 Daraa clashes">Daraa clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahrir_al-Sham%E2%80%93Junud_al-Sham_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahrir al-Sham–Junud al-Sham conflict">Tahrir al-Sham–Junud al-Sham conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2022 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2022)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2022)">Jan–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2022)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2022)">Battle of al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ahrar_al-Sham%E2%80%93Levant_Front_clashes" title="2022 Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes">Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Jabal_al-Bishr%C4%AB_clashes" title="2022 Jabal al-Bishrī clashes">Jabal al-Bishrī clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Jarqli_airstrikes" title="2022 Jarqli airstrikes">Jarqli airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_clashes_(October_2022)" title="Northern Aleppo clashes (October 2022)">Northern Aleppo clashes (Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Claw-Sword" title="Operation Claw-Sword">Operation Claw-Sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_clashes_(December_2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwestern Syria clashes (December 2022–present)">Northwest clashes (Dec)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2023 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2023)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2023)">Jan-Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Al-Sukhnah_attack" title="2023 Al-Sukhnah attack">Al-Sukhnah attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Damascus_airstrike" title="2023 Damascus airstrike">Damascus airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Hama_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Hama attack">Hama attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Northern_Syria_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Northern Syria clashes">Northern border clashes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2024 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93October_2024)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–October 2024)">Jan–Oct</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(November_2024%E2%80%93present)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (November 2024–present)">Nov–present</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Opposition offensives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2024)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (2024)">Deir ez-Zor offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aleppo_(2024)" title="Battle of Aleppo (2024)">Battle of Aleppo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Aleppo_University_Hospital_airstrike" title="2024 Aleppo University Hospital airstrike">Aleppo University Hospital airstrike</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Syria_offensive_(2024)" title="Southern Syria offensive (2024)">Southern offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dawn_of_Freedom" title="Operation Dawn of Freedom">Operation Dawn of Freedom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manbij_offensive_(2024)" title="Manbij offensive (2024)">Manbij offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Al-Mustariha_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Al-Mustariha massacre">Al-Mustariha strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Kobani_clashes" title="2024 Kobani clashes">Kobani clashes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Hama_offensive" title="2024 Hama offensive">Hama offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Homs_offensive" title="2024 Homs offensive">Homs offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(2024)" title="Palmyra offensive (2024)">Palmyra offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Damascus_(2024)" title="Fall of Damascus (2024)">Fall of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Assad_regime" title="Fall of the Assad regime">Fall of the Assad regime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Syria_clashes_(December_2024%E2%80%93present)" title="Western Syria clashes (December 2024–present)">Western Syria clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah%E2%80%93Syria_clashes_(2024%E2%80%93present)" title="Hezbollah–Syria clashes (2024–present)">Hezbollah-Syria clashes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_invasion_of_Syria_(2024%E2%80%93present)" title="Israeli invasion of Syria (2024–present)">Israeli invasion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Spillover of the Syrian civil war">Spillover</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Syrian_ceasefire_line_incidents_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line incidents during the Syrian civil war">Israel and Golan Heights</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_2017_Israel%E2%80%93Syria_incident" title="March 2017 Israel–Syria incident">March 2017 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2018_Israel%E2%80%93Syria_incident" title="February 2018 Israel–Syria incident">February 2018 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_House_of_Cards" title="Operation House of Cards">May 2018 Israel–Iran incidents</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2014)" title="Timeline of the War in Iraq (2014)">Iraq</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akashat_ambush" title="Akashat ambush">Akashat ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_al-Shabah" title="Operation al-Shabah">Operation al-Shabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2014)#April" title="Timeline of the War in Iraq (2014)">April 2014 Iraqi border airstrike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Jordanian%E2%80%93Syrian_border_incidents_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Jordanian–Syrian border incidents during the Syrian civil war">Jordanian border incidents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian%E2%80%93Syrian_border_incidents_during_the_Syrian_civil_war#2014" title="Jordanian–Syrian border incidents during the Syrian civil war">April 2014 Jordanian border airstrike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon">Lebanon</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%932017_Lebanon%E2%80%93Syria_border_clashes" title="2012–2017 Lebanon–Syria border clashes">Lebanese border clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Sidon_clash" title="2013 Sidon clash">Battle of Sidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_embassy_bombing_in_Beirut" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut">Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Lebanon_clashes_(2014)" title="North Lebanon clashes (2014)">North Lebanon clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(2017)" title="Qalamoun offensive (2017)">Qalamoun (Jul–Aug 2017)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Syrian%E2%80%93Turkish_border_clashes_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian–Turkish border clashes during the Syrian civil war">Turkey</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_2011_Syrian%E2%80%93Turkish_border_clash" title="December 2011 Syrian–Turkish border clash">December 2011 Turkish border clash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Turkish_F-4_Phantom_shootdown" title="2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown">2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Syrian%E2%80%93Turkish_border_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Syrian–Turkish border clashes">2012 Turkish border clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Reyhanl%C4%B1_car_bombings" title="2013 Reyhanlı car bombings">2013 Reyhanlı car bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2014_Turkish_attack_in_Syria" title="January 2014 Turkish attack in Syria">January 2014 Turkish attack in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Andrei_Karlov" title="Assassination of Andrei Karlov">Assassination of Andrei Karlov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Russian_Air_Force_Al-Bab_incident" title="2017 Russian Air Force Al-Bab incident">Russian Air Force Al-Bab incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Balyun_airstrikes" title="2020 Balyun airstrikes">2020 Balyun airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Spring_Shield" title="Operation Spring Shield">Operation Spring Shield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;">Elsewhere:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Deir_ez-Zor_missile_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Deir ez-Zor missile strike">Deir ez-Zor missile strike</a> (Iran)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><div id="Belligerents139" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Belligerents</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Syria" title="Ba'athist Syria">Ba'athist regime</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Ba%27athist_Syria" title="Politics of Ba'athist Syria">Politics of Ba'athist Syria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Brigades" title="Ba'ath Brigades">Ba'ath Brigades</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party">Syrian Social Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Movement" title="Arab Socialist Movement">Arab Socialist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Communist_Party_(Bakdash)" title="Syrian Communist Party (Bakdash)">Syrian Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Communist_Party_(Unified)" title="Syrian Communist Party (Unified)">Syrian Communist Party (Unified)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;">Military and militias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lions_of_Hussein" title="Lions of Hussein">Lions of Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardians_of_the_Dawn" title="Guardians of the Dawn">Guardians of the Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Nationalist_Guard" title="Arab Nationalist Guard">Arab Nationalist Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaysh_al-Muwahhidin" title="Jaysh al-Muwahhidin">Jaysh al-Muwahhidin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sootoro" title="Sootoro">Sootoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Brigades" title="Ba'ath Brigades">Ba'ath Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defence_Forces" title="National Defence Forces">National Defence Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Committees_(Syria)" title="Popular Committees (Syria)">Popular Committees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golan_Regiment" title="Golan Regiment">Golan Regiment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Armed_Forces" title="Syrian Armed Forces">Syrian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagles_of_the_Whirlwind" title="Eagles of the Whirlwind">Eagles of the Whirlwind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Islamic_Resistance_Front_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="The Islamic Resistance Front in Syria">The Islamic Resistance Front in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Popular_Resistance" title="Syrian Popular Resistance">Syrian Popular Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Resistance" title="Syrian Resistance">Syrian Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Resistance_of_the_Eastern_Region" title="Popular Resistance of the Eastern Region">Popular Resistance of the Eastern Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine_%E2%80%93_General_Command" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command">PFLP-GC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jihad_Jibril_Brigades" title="Jihad Jibril Brigades">Jihad Jibril Brigades</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galilee_Forces" title="Galilee Forces">Galilee Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Palestine_Movement" title="Free Palestine Movement">Free Palestine Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_People%27s_Party" title="Palestinian People's Party">Palestinian People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_Fatemiyoun" title="Liwa Fatemiyoun">Liwa Fatemiyoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Sa%27iqa" title="As-Sa'iqa">As-Sa'iqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_al-Quds" title="Liwa al-Quds">al-Quds Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Army" title="Palestine Liberation Army">Palestine Liberation Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war">Foreign support</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Hezbollah involvement in the Syrian civil war">Hezbollah involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Iranian involvement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_Fatemiyoun" title="Liwa Fatemiyoun">Liwa Fatemiyoun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian involvement in the Syrian civil war">Russian involvement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian%E2%80%93Syrian_hospital_bombing_campaign" title="Russian–Syrian hospital bombing campaign">medical facility targeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">military intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group" title="Wagner Group">Wagner Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Syria%E2%80%93Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_coalition" title="Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition">Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Mobilization_Forces" title="Popular Mobilization Forces">Popular Mobilization Forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition_to_Bashar_al-Assad" title="Syrian opposition to Bashar al-Assad">Opposition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Interim_Government" title="Syrian Interim Government">Interim government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Coalition_of_Syrian_Revolutionary_and_Opposition_Forces" title="National Coalition of Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces">National Coalition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_Coordination_Committees_of_Syria" title="Local Coordination Committees of Syria">Local Coordination Committees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Council" title="Syrian National Council">Syrian National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_the_Syrian_Revolution" title="Supreme Council of the Syrian Revolution">Supreme Council of the Syrian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Coordination_Committee_for_Democratic_Change" title="National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change">National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Revolution_General_Commission" title="Syrian Revolution General Commission">Syrian Revolution General Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Support_Group" title="Syrian Support Group">Syrian Support Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adopt_a_Revolution" title="Adopt a Revolution">Adopt a Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Council#Syrian_Patriotic_Group" title="Syrian National Council">Syrian Patriotic Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;">Opposition militias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Army" title="Syrian National Army">Syrian National Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">Free Syrian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_for_Liberation" title="National Front for Liberation">National Front for Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaysh_al-Izza" title="Jaysh al-Izza">Army of Glory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authenticity_and_Development_Front" title="Authenticity and Development Front">Authenticity and Development Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Free_Tribes" title="Army of Free Tribes">Army of Free Tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Commando_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionary Commando Army">Revolutionary Commando Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood_in_Syria" title="Muslim Brotherhood in Syria">Muslim Brotherhood in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_Wolves_(organization)" title="Grey Wolves (organization)">Grey Wolves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war">Foreign support</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">US intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Jordanian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Jordanian intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Qatari involvement in the Syrian civil war">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Saudi involvement in the Syrian civil war">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria">Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_a_Democratic_Society" title="Movement for a Democratic Society">DFNS Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Union_Party_(Syria)" title="Democratic Union Party (Syria)">Democratic Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_National_Council" title="Kurdish National Council">Kurdish National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Rojava" title="List of political parties in Rojava">Smaller political parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">SDF militias</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Defense_Units" title="People's Defense Units">People's Protection Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Protection_Units" title="Women's Protection Units">Women's Protection Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Terror_Units" title="Anti-Terror Units">Anti-Terror Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sanadid_Forces" title="Al-Sanadid Forces">Al-Sanadid Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Revolutionaries" title="Army of Revolutionaries">Army of Revolutionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces_military_councils" title="Syrian Democratic Forces military councils">SDF military councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Military_Council" title="Syriac Military Council">Syriac Military Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_Thuwar_al-Raqqa" title="Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa">Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Democratic_Brigade" title="Northern Democratic Brigade">Northern Democratic Brigade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;">Support</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Union_of_Kurdistan" title="Patriotic Union of Kurdistan">Patriotic Union of Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party">Kurdistan Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Freedom_Battalion" title="International Freedom Battalion">International Freedom Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_Resistance_Units" title="Sinjar Resistance Units">Sinjar Resistance Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Az%C3%AEdxan_Women%27s_Units" title="Êzîdxan Women's Units">Êzîdxan Women's Units</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em"><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Military of the Islamic State">Military activity of ISIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dokumac%C4%B1lar" title="Dokumacılar">Dokumacılar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Barakah_(Islamic_State_administrative_district)" title="Al-Barakah (Islamic State administrative district)">Al-Barakah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_ibn_al-Walid_Army" title="Khalid ibn al-Walid Army">Khalid ibn al-Walid Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yarmouk_Martyrs_Brigade" title="Yarmouk Martyrs Brigade">Yarmouk Martyrs Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Muthanna_Movement" title="Islamic Muthanna Movement">Islamic Muthanna Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaysh_al-Jihad" title="Jaysh al-Jihad">Jaysh al-Jihad</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jund_al-Aqsa" title="Jund al-Aqsa">Jund al-Aqsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_the_One_and_Only" title="Group of the One and Only">Group of the One and Only</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_Dawud" title="Liwa Dawud">Liwa Dawud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_Aqab_al-Islami" title="Liwa Aqab al-Islami">Liwa Aqab al-Islami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katibah_Nusantara" title="Katibah Nusantara">Katibah Nusantara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katiba_al-Bittar_al-Libi" title="Katiba al-Bittar al-Libi">Katiba al-Bittar al-Libi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khansaa_Brigade" title="Al-Khansaa Brigade">Al-Khansaa Brigade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> and allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front" title="Al-Nusra Front">Al-Nusra Front</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jabhat_Fatah_al-Sham" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabhat Fatah al-Sham">Jabhat Fatah al-Sham</a> (<a href="/wiki/Khorasan_group" title="Khorasan group">Khorasan group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suqour_al-Ezz" title="Suqour al-Ezz">Suqour al-Ezz</a>) <a href="/wiki/Jaysh_Muhammad_in_Bilad_al-Sham" title="Jaysh Muhammad in Bilad al-Sham">Jaysh Muhammad in Bilad al-Sham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahrir_al-Sham" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahrir al-Sham">Tahrir al-Sham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkistan_Islamic_Party_in_Syria" title="Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria">Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Emirate" title="Caucasus Emirate">Caucasus Emirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajnad_al-Kavkaz" title="Ajnad al-Kavkaz">Ajnad al-Kavkaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junud_al-Makhdi" title="Junud al-Makhdi">Junud al-Makhdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouse_the_Believers_Operations_Room" title="Rouse the Believers Operations Room">Rouse the Believers Operations Room</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Tawhid_(Syria)" title="Ansar al-Tawhid (Syria)">Ansar al-Tawhid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Firqat_al-Ghuraba" title="Firqat al-Ghuraba">Firqat al-Ghuraba</a>), <a href="/wiki/Hurras_al-Din" title="Hurras al-Din">Hurras al-Din</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Din_Front" title="Ansar al-Din Front">Ansar al-Din Front</a> (<a href="/wiki/Harakat_Sham_al-Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Harakat Sham al-Islam">Harakat Sham al-Islam</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Islam_in_Kurdistan" title="Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan">Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaish_al-Haramoun" title="Jaish al-Haramoun">Jaish al-Haramoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaysh_al-Sunna" title="Jaysh al-Sunna">Jaysh al-Sunna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_al-Muhajireen_wal-Ansar" title="Liwa al-Muhajireen wal-Ansar">Liwa al-Muhajireen wal-Ansar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Green_Battalion" title="Green Battalion">Green Battalion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujahideen_Shura_Council_(Syria)" title="Mujahideen Shura Council (Syria)">Mujahideen Shura Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malhama_Tactical" title="Malhama Tactical">Malhama Tactical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katibat_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad" title="Katibat al-Tawhid wal-Jihad">Katibat al-Tawhid wal-Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katibat_Jabal_al-Islam" title="Katibat Jabal al-Islam">Katibat Jabal al-Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_Ansar_al-Furqan_in_Bilad_al_Sham" title="Jama'at Ansar al-Furqan in Bilad al Sham">Jama'at Ansar al-Furqan in Bilad al Sham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghuraba_al-Sham" title="Ghuraba al-Sham">Ghuraba al-Sham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Taliban" title="Pakistani Taliban">Pakistani Taliban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imam_Bukhari_Jamaat" title="Imam Bukhari Jamaat">Imam Bukhari Jamaat</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah_al-Islam" title="Fatah al-Islam">Fatah al-Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhajirin_wa-Ansar_Alliance" title="Muhajirin wa-Ansar Alliance">Muhajirin wa-Ansar Alliance</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liwaa_al-Umma" title="Liwaa al-Umma">Liwaa al-Umma</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><div id="People139" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ammar_Abdulhamid" title="Ammar Abdulhamid">Ammar Abdulhamid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Abdallah" title="Ali al-Abdallah">Ali al-Abdallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_al-Aroor" class="mw-redirect" title="Adnan al-Aroor">Adnan al-Aroor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Assad_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Assad family">al-Assad family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maher_al-Assad" title="Maher al-Assad">Maher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifaat_al-Assad" title="Rifaat al-Assad">Rifaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rami_Makhlouf" title="Rami Makhlouf">Rami Makhlouf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafez_Makhlouf" title="Hafez Makhlouf">Hafez Makhlouf</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riad_al-Asaad" title="Riad al-Asaad">Riad al-Asaad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadi_al-Bahra" title="Hadi al-Bahra">Hadi al-Bahra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_al-Bunni" title="Anwar al-Bunni">Anwar al-Bunni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahd_Jassem_al-Freij" title="Fahd Jassem al-Freij">Fahd Jassem al-Freij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suheil_al-Hassan" class="mw-redirect" title="Suheil al-Hassan">Suheil al-Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitham_al-Maleh" title="Haitham al-Maleh">Haitham al-Maleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moaz_al-Khatib" title="Moaz al-Khatib">Moaz al-Khatib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_al-Labwani" title="Kamal al-Labwani">Kamal al-Labwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Hamza_Ali_Al-Khateeb" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb">Hamza al-Khateeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tal_al-Mallohi" title="Tal al-Mallohi">Tal al-Mallohi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fida_al-Sayed" title="Fida al-Sayed">Fida al-Sayed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riad_al-Turk" title="Riad al-Turk">Riad al-Turk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaled_Khoja" title="Khaled Khoja">Khaled Khoja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammar_al-Qurabi" title="Ammar al-Qurabi">Ammar al-Qurabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suheir_Atassi" title="Suheir Atassi">Suheir Atassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Sadreddine_Al-Bayanouni" title="Ali Sadreddine Al-Bayanouni">Ali Sadreddine Al-Bayanouni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aref_Dalila" title="Aref Dalila">Aref Dalila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farid_Ghadry" title="Farid Ghadry">Farid Ghadry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burhan_Ghalioun" title="Burhan Ghalioun">Burhan Ghalioun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razan_Ghazzawi" title="Razan Ghazzawi">Razan Ghazzawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghassan_Hitto" title="Ghassan Hitto">Ghassan Hitto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salim_Idris" title="Salim Idris">Salim Idris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randa_Kassis" title="Randa Kassis">Randa Kassis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Halim_Khaddam" title="Abdul Halim Khaddam">Abdul Halim Khaddam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Kilo" title="Michel Kilo">Michel Kilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassma_Kodmani" title="Bassma Kodmani">Bassma Kodmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Habib_Mahmud" title="Ali Habib Mahmud">Ali Habib Mahmud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Mahmoud_Othman" title="Ali Mahmoud Othman">Ali Mahmoud Othman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Qashoush" title="Ibrahim Qashoush">Ibrahim Qashoush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawoud_Rajiha" title="Dawoud Rajiha">Dawoud Rajiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yassin_al-Haj_Saleh" title="Yassin al-Haj Saleh">Yassin al-Haj Saleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouthaina_Shaaban" title="Bouthaina Shaaban">Bouthaina Shaaban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_al-Sharaa" title="Ahmed al-Sharaa">Ahmed al-Sharaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdulbaset_Sieda" title="Abdulbaset Sieda">Abdulbaset Sieda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riad_Seif" title="Riad Seif">Riad Seif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fadwa_Souleimane" title="Fadwa Souleimane">Fadwa Souleimane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamad_Anas_Haitham_Soueid" title="Mohamad Anas Haitham Soueid">Mohamad Anas Haitham Soueid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaser_Tabbara" title="Yaser Tabbara">Yaser Tabbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razan_Zaitouneh" title="Razan Zaitouneh">Razan Zaitouneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rami_Jarrah" title="Rami Jarrah">Rami Jarrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdurrahman_Mustafa" title="Abdurrahman Mustafa">Abdurrahman Mustafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fadlallah_al-Haji" title="Fadlallah al-Haji">Fadlallah al-Haji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><div id="Related139" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Syrian_local_elections" title="2011 Syrian local elections">2011 local elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Syrian_parliamentary_election" title="2012 Syrian parliamentary election">2012 parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Syrian_presidential_election" title="2014 Syrian presidential election">2014 presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Rojava_local_elections" title="2015 Rojava local elections">2015 Northern local elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Syrian_parliamentary_election" title="2016 Syrian parliamentary election">2016 parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Rojava_local_elections" title="2017 Rojava local elections">2017 Northern local elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Rojava_regional_elections" title="2017 Rojava regional elections">2017 Northern regional elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Syrian_local_elections" title="2018 Syrian local elections">2018 local elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Syrian_parliamentary_election" title="2020 Syrian parliamentary election">2020 parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Syrian_presidential_election" title="2021 Syrian presidential election">2021 presidential election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Casualties of the Syrian civil war">Casualties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cities_and_towns_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Cities and towns during the Syrian civil war">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_chemical_weapons_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Use of chemical weapons in the Syrian civil war">Chemical weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heritage_sites_damaged_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="List of heritage sites damaged during the Syrian civil war">Damaged heritage sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war">Foreign involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war">Human rights violations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war">Humanitarian aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_demonstrations_and_protests_relating_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="International demonstrations and protests relating to the Syrian civil war">International demonstrations and protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="International reactions to the Syrian civil war">International reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="List of massacres during the Syrian civil war">Massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_mass_graves" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian mass graves">Mass graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Refugees of the Syrian civil war">Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism_and_minorities_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war">Sectarianism and minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Status_of_the_Golan_Heights" class="mw-redirect" title="Status of the Golan Heights">Status of the Golan Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon">Spillover in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_government_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian government reactions to the Syrian civil war">Syrian government reactions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_peace_process" title="Syrian peace process">Peace process</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League_monitors_in_Syria" title="Arab League monitors in Syria">Arab League monitors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Syria_Group" title="Friends of Syria Group">Friends of Syria Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan_Syrian_peace_plan" title="Kofi Annan Syrian peace plan">Kofi Annan peace plan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Supervision_Mission_in_Syria" title="United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria">UN supervision mission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakhdar_Brahimi_Syrian_peace_plan" title="Lakhdar Brahimi Syrian peace plan">Lakhdar Brahimi peace plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S.%E2%80%93Russia_peace_proposals_on_Syria" title="U.S.–Russia peace proposals on Syria">U.S.–Russia peace proposals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39th_G8_summit" title="39th G8 summit">39th G8 summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2118" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2118">UN Security Council Resolution 2118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_II_Conference_on_Syria" title="Geneva II Conference on Syria">Geneva II conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Zabadani_cease-fire_agreement" title="2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement">2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_peace_talks_for_Syria" title="Vienna peace talks for Syria">Vienna talks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_peace_talks_on_Syria_(2016)" title="Geneva peace talks on Syria (2016)">2016 Geneva talks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_demilitarization_(2018%E2%80%932019)" title="Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019)">Idlib demilitarization (2018–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Syria_Buffer_Zone" title="Northern Syria Buffer Zone">First Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Northern_Syria_Buffer_Zone" title="Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone">Second Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Negotiation_Commission" title="Syrian Negotiation Commission">Syrian Negotiation Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Constitutional_Committee" title="Syrian Constitutional Committee">Syrian Constitutional Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Investigations/legal cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Investigations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independent_International_Commission_of_Inquiry_on_the_Syrian_Arab_Republic" title="Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic">International Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Mission_to_Investigate_Alleged_Uses_of_Chemical_Weapons_in_the_Syrian_Arab_Republic" title="United Nations Mission to Investigate Alleged Uses of Chemical Weapons in the Syrian Arab Republic">Chemical weapons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosecution_of_Syrian_civil_war_criminals" title="Prosecution of Syrian civil war criminals">War crimes cases</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkerstrafgesetzbuch#Syrian_civil_war,_2017–present" title="Völkerstrafgesetzbuch">Germany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_and_the_Netherlands_v._Syrian_Arab_Republic" title="Canada and the Netherlands v. 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