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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dewan Negara</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A" title="مجلس الشيوخ الماليزي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مجلس الشيوخ الماليزي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewan_Negara" title="Dewan Negara – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Dewan Negara" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewan_Negara" title="Dewan Negara – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dewan Negara" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewan_Negara" title="Dewan Negara – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dewan Negara" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="دوان نگارا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دوان نگارا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewan_Negara" title="Dewan Negara – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dewan Negara" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EB%A1%9C%EC%9B%90_(%EB%A7%90%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84)" title="원로원 (말레이시아) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="원로원 (말레이시아)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewan_Negara_Malaysia" title="Dewan Negara Malaysia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dewan Negara Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewan_Negara_Malaysia" title="Dewan Negara Malaysia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dewan Negara Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E8%80%81%E9%99%A2_(%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2)" title="元老院 (マレーシア) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="元老院 (マレーシア)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="دیوان نگارا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دیوان نگارا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewan_Negara" title="Dewan Negara – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dewan Negara" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88" title="மலேசிய மேலவை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மலேசிய மேலவை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senato_(Malezya)" title="Senato (Malezya) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Senato (Malezya)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="دیوان نگارا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دیوان نگارا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewan_Negara" title="Dewan Negara – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dewan Negara" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E4%B8%8A%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2" title="馬來西亞上議院 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="馬來西亞上議院" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Upper house of the Parliament of Malaysia</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%; border-top: 2px solid #661C25; border-bottom: 2px solid #661C25"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">Senate</div> <br /><div style="display:inline" class="nickname" lang="ms"><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Dewan Negara</i></span> <br /> <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><span lang="ms"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ديوان نڬارا</span>‎</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Negara,_15th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Negara, 15th Malaysian Parliament">15th Parliament</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Coat of arms or logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg/150px-Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg/225px-Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg/300px-Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #661C25; border-bottom: 2px solid #661C25">Type</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline" class="category"><a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia">Parliament of Malaysia</a></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #661C25; border-bottom: 2px solid #661C25">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">11 September 1959</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #661C25; border-bottom: 2px solid #661C25">Leadership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Dewan_Negara" title="President of the Dewan Negara">President</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Awang_Bemee_Awang_Ali_Basah" title="Awang Bemee Awang Ali Basah">Awang Bemee Awang Ali Basah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabungan_Parti_Sarawak" title="Gabungan Parti Sarawak">GPS</a>–<a href="/wiki/Parti_Pesaka_Bumiputera_Bersatu" title="Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu">PBB</a> <br />since 22 July 2024 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em">Deputy President</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Nur_Jazlan_Mohamed" title="Nur Jazlan Mohamed">Nur Jazlan Mohamed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">BN</a>–<a href="/wiki/United_Malays_National_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="United Malays National Organisation">UMNO</a> <br />since 19 June 2023 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em">Secretary</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em">Muhd Sujairi Abdullah <br />since 22 February 2020 </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #661C25; border-bottom: 2px solid #661C25">Structure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seats</th><td class="infobox-data">70</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dewan_Negara_15th_Parliament.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Dewan_Negara_15th_Parliament.svg/250px-Dewan_Negara_15th_Parliament.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Dewan_Negara_15th_Parliament.svg/375px-Dewan_Negara_15th_Parliament.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Dewan_Negara_15th_Parliament.svg/500px-Dewan_Negara_15th_Parliament.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="216" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Political groups</div></th><td class="infobox-data">As of 22 November 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dewan_Negara&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> <br /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim_cabinet" title="Anwar Ibrahim cabinet">Government</a> (48)</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#000080; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">BN</a> (15)</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#C00000; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/United_Malay_National_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="United Malay National Organisation">UMNO</a> (10)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#00A988; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_Congress" title="Malaysian Indian Congress">MIC</a> (3)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#102a7e; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese_Association" title="Malaysian Chinese Association">MCA</a> (2)</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ED1C24; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Harapan" title="Pakatan Harapan">PH</a> (16)</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#00ADEF; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Justice_Party_(Malaysia)" title="People's Justice Party (Malaysia)">PKR</a> (8)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ED1C24; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Action_Party_(Malaysia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)">DAP</a> (4)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFA009; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/National_Trust_Party_(Malaysia)" title="National Trust Party (Malaysia)">AMANAH</a> (3)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ABCDFF; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/United_Progressive_Kinabalu_Organisation" title="United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation">UPKO</a> (1)</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF6060; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Gabungan_Parti_Sarawak" title="Gabungan Parti Sarawak">GPS</a> (7)</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FDEF8B; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Parti_Pesaka_Bumiputera_Bersatu" title="Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu">PBB</a> (4)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#57D757; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Parti_Rakyat_Sarawak" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Rakyat Sarawak">PRS</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rita_Sarimah_Patrick_Insol" title="Rita Sarimah Patrick Insol">1</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#6ABFE6; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Democratic_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Progressive Democratic Party (Malaysia)">PDP</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pele_Peter_Tinggom" title="Pele Peter Tinggom">1</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFFF00; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Sarawak_United_Peoples%27_Party" title="Sarawak United Peoples' Party">SUPP</a> (<a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Lau_Hui_Yew" class="extiw" title="ms:Robert Lau Hui Yew">1</a>)</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#4682B4; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Gabungan_Rakyat_Sabah" title="Gabungan Rakyat Sabah">GRS</a> (4)</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Red; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Parti_Gagasan_Rakyat_Sabah" title="Parti Gagasan Rakyat Sabah">GAGASAN</a> (2)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FB5B47; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Love_Sabah_Party" title="Love Sabah Party">PCS</a> (1)</div></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#78D7F5; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Homeland_Solidarity_Party" title="Homeland Solidarity Party">STAR</a> (1)</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">Independent</a> (6)</div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Opposition_(Malaysia)" title="Opposition (Malaysia)">Opposition</a> (8)</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#031e61; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional">PN</a> (8)</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#009000; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Islamic_Party" title="Malaysian Islamic Party">PAS</a> (7)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#F18A8F; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_United_Indigenous_Party" title="Malaysian United Indigenous Party">BERSATU</a> (1)</li></ul> <b>Vacant (14)</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Committees</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>4</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Selection Committee</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">House Committee</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Committee on Rights and Freedoms</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Meeting Rules Committee</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Length of term</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Up to 3 years, renewable once</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #661C25; border-bottom: 2px solid #661C25">Meeting place</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dewan_Negara,_Parliament_of_Malaysia_(symmetrical_composition).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Dewan_Negara%2C_Parliament_of_Malaysia_%28symmetrical_composition%29.jpg/270px-Dewan_Negara%2C_Parliament_of_Malaysia_%28symmetrical_composition%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Dewan_Negara%2C_Parliament_of_Malaysia_%28symmetrical_composition%29.jpg/405px-Dewan_Negara%2C_Parliament_of_Malaysia_%28symmetrical_composition%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Dewan_Negara%2C_Parliament_of_Malaysia_%28symmetrical_composition%29.jpg/540px-Dewan_Negara%2C_Parliament_of_Malaysia_%28symmetrical_composition%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3280" data-file-height="2464" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data label">Dewan Negara Chamber<br /><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Houses_of_Parliament" title="Malaysian Houses of Parliament">Malaysian Houses of Parliament</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #661C25; border-bottom: 2px solid #661C25">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parlimen.gov.my">Official website</a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="width:22.7em; border: 4px double #ffcc00;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><b><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Category:Politics of Malaysia">a series</a> on the</span></b></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#cd0000; border: 1px double #ffcc00;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Politics of Malaysia"><span style="color:white;"><small>Politics of</small><br />Malaysia</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/110px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/165px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/220px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_of_Malaysia" title="Monarchies of Malaysia"><span style="color:#FFF;">Head of State</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_of_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Arms_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_of_Malaysia.svg/30px-Arms_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Arms_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_of_Malaysia.svg/45px-Arms_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Arms_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_of_Malaysia.svg/60px-Arms_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1481" data-file-height="1398" /></a></span> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/King_of_Malaysia" title="King of Malaysia">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Iskandar_of_Johor" title="Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor">Ibrahim Iskandar</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conference_of_Rulers" title="Conference of Rulers">Conference of Rulers</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia"><span style="color:#FFF;">Legislature</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Parliament_Of_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Parliament_Of_Malaysia.svg/30px-Parliament_Of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Parliament_Of_Malaysia.svg/45px-Parliament_Of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Parliament_Of_Malaysia.svg/60px-Parliament_Of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia">Parliament of Malaysia</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat,_15th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 15th Malaysian Parliament">15th Parliament</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg/30px-Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg/45px-Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg/60px-Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Senate (Dewan Negara)</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Dewan_Negara" title="President of the Dewan Negara">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Awang_Bemee_Awang_Ali_Basah" title="Awang Bemee Awang Ali Basah">Awang Bemee Awang Ali Basah</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dewan_Rakyat.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Dewan_Rakyat.svg/30px-Dewan_Rakyat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Dewan_Rakyat.svg/45px-Dewan_Rakyat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Dewan_Rakyat.svg/60px-Dewan_Rakyat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">House of Representatives (Dewan Rakyat)</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat" title="Speaker of the Dewan Rakyat">Speaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Johari_Abdul" title="Johari Abdul">Johari Abdul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Leader of the Government</a> <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Malaysia)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Malaysia)">Leader of the Opposition</a> <a href="/wiki/Hamzah_Zainudin" title="Hamzah Zainudin">Hamzah Zainudin</a></li></ul> <hr /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malaysia#Executive" title="Government of Malaysia"><span style="color:#FFF;">Executive</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Malaysia" title="Cabinet of Malaysia">Cabinet</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar Ibrahim</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Civil_service_in_Malaysia" title="Civil service in Malaysia">Civil service</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_ministries_and_agencies_in_Malaysia" title="List of federal ministries and agencies in Malaysia">agencies</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Secretary_to_the_Government_of_Malaysia" title="Chief Secretary to the Government of Malaysia">Chief Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Shamsul_Azri_Abu_Bakar" title="Shamsul Azri Abu Bakar">Shamsul Azri Abu Bakar</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Malaysia" title="Judiciary of Malaysia"><span style="color:#FFF;">Judiciary</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Federal_Court_of_Malaysia" title="Federal Court of Malaysia">Federal Court</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Malaysia" title="Chief Justice of Malaysia">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Tengku_Maimun_Tuan_Mat" title="Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat">Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_of_Malaysia" title="Court of Appeal of Malaysia">Court of Appeal</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Court_of_Appeal_of_Malaysia" title="President of the Court of Appeal of Malaysia">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Abang_Iskandar_Abang_Hashim" title="Abang Iskandar Abang Hashim">Abang Iskandar Abang Hashim</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/High_Courts_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="High Courts of Malaysia">High Court in Malaya ∙ High Court in Sabah and Sarawak</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Judge_of_Malaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Judge of Malaya">Chief Judge of Malaya</a> <i>Vacant</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Judge_of_Sabah_and_Sarawak" title="Chief Judge of Sabah and Sarawak">Chief Judge of Sabah and Sarawak</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Rahman_Sebli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdul Rahman Sebli (page does not exist)">Abdul Rahman Sebli</a></li></ul> <hr /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malaysia" title="Elections in Malaysia"><span style="color:#FFF;">Elections</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Suruhanjaya_Pilihan_Raya_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Suruhanjaya_Pilihan_Raya_Malaysia.svg/30px-Suruhanjaya_Pilihan_Raya_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Suruhanjaya_Pilihan_Raya_Malaysia.svg/45px-Suruhanjaya_Pilihan_Raya_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Suruhanjaya_Pilihan_Raya_Malaysia.svg/60px-Suruhanjaya_Pilihan_Raya_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="624" /></a></span> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_Malaysia" title="Election Commission of Malaysia">Election Commission of Malaysia</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malaysia" title="Elections in Malaysia">General elections</a>: <a href="/wiki/2022_Malaysian_general_election" title="2022 Malaysian general election">2022</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_electoral_districts" title="List of Malaysian electoral districts">Electoral districts</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Malaysia" title="List of political parties in Malaysia"><span style="color:#FFF;">Political parties</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">BN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Harapan" title="Pakatan Harapan">PH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional">PN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabungan_Parti_Sarawak" title="Gabungan Parti Sarawak">GPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabungan_Rakyat_Sabah" title="Gabungan Rakyat Sabah">GRS</a></li></ul> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Malaysia" title="List of political parties in Malaysia">List of political parties in Malaysia</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_Malaysia" title="Federalism in Malaysia"><span style="color:#FFF;">Federalism</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/State_governments_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="State governments in Malaysia">State governments</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_ministers_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief ministers in Malaysia">Chief ministers of the states</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_Malaysia" title="State legislative assemblies of Malaysia">State legislatures</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_State_Assembly_Representatives_(2018%E2%80%93)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (2018–)">members</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Malaysia" title="Local government in Malaysia">Local governments</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_local_governments_in_Malaysia" title="List of local governments in Malaysia">list</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><span style="color:#FFF;">Ideologies and concepts</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Malaysia" title="Anarchism in Malaysia">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism_in_Malaysia" title="Communism in Malaysia">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Malaysia" title="Conservatism in Malaysia">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Malaysia" title="Feminism in Malaysia">Feminism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rukun_Negara" title="Rukun Negara">Rukun Negara</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Malay_nationalism" title="Early Malay nationalism">Malay nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformasi_(Malaysia)" title="Reformasi (Malaysia)">Reformasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_Hadhari" title="Islam Hadhari">Islam Hadhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_values" title="Asian values">Asian values</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Race and politics</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dayaks_in_politics" title="Dayaks in politics">Dayaks in politics</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ketuanan_Melayu" title="Ketuanan Melayu">Ketuanan Melayu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumiputera_(Malaysia)" title="Bumiputera (Malaysia)"><i>Bumiputera</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malaysia" title="Malaysian Malaysia">Malaysian Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_contract_(Malaysia)" title="Social contract (Malaysia)">Social contract</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/16px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/24px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Malaysia" title="Portal:Malaysia">Malaysia portal</a></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul></div><div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Template:Politics of Malaysia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Template talk:Politics of Malaysia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Malaysia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Dewan Negara</b> (English: <span lang="en">Senate</span>, <small><abbr title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> </small>'State Council'; <a href="/wiki/Jawi_script" title="Jawi script">Jawi</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ديوان نڬارا</span>‎) is the <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">upper house</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia">Parliament of Malaysia</a>, consisting of 70 senators of whom 26 are elected by the <a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_Malaysia" title="State legislative assemblies of Malaysia">state legislative assemblies</a>, with two senators for each state, while the other 44 are appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a> (King of Malaysia), including four who are appointed to represent the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Territories_of_Malaysia" title="Federal Territories of Malaysia">federal territories</a>. </p><p>The <i>Dewan Negara</i> usually reviews legislation that has been passed by the lower house, the <i><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">Dewan Rakyat</a></i>. All bills must usually be passed by both the <i>Dewan Rakyat</i> and the <i>Dewan Negara</i> (the Senate), before they are sent to the <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Agong</a> for <a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">royal assent</a>. However, if the <i>Dewan Negara</i> rejects a bill, it can only delay the bill's passage by a maximum of a year before it is sent to the King, a restriction similar to that placed on the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> in the United Kingdom. Like the <i>Dewan Rakyat</i>, the <i>Dewan Negara</i> meets at the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Houses_of_Parliament" title="Malaysian Houses of Parliament">Malaysian Houses of Parliament</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>. </p><p>Originally, the Dewan Negara was meant to act as a check on the <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">Dewan Rakyat</a> and represent the interests of the various states, based on the role played by its <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">counterpart</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. However, the original constitution, which provided for a majority of state-elected senators, has since been modified to make the vast majority of senators instead appointed by the Agong, thus theoretically providing an avenue for a relatively non-partisan reconsideration of bills, more similar to the role of the British <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membership">Membership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewan_Negara&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Membership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Members of the Dewan Negara are referred to as "Senators" in English or "<i>Ahli Dewan Negara</i>" (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">member of the Dewan Negara</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) in <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> and are accorded the honorific style of <i>Yang Berhormat Senator</i>. The term of office is three years and senators may only be re-appointed once, consecutively or non-consecutively. </p><p>Each of the 13 state legislative assemblies chooses two senators. The <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a> appoints two senators for the Federal Territory of <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>, and one respectively for the Federal Territories of <a href="/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan">Labuan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Putrajaya" title="Putrajaya">Putrajaya</a> on the advice of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">prime minister</a>. </p><p>Another 40 senators, regardless of their states, are appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, also on the prime minister's advice.<sup id="cite_ref-ms_33_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms_33-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Federally appointed senators must have "rendered distinguished public service or have achieved distinction in the professions, commerce, industry, agriculture, cultural activities or social service or are representative of racial minorities or are capable of representing the interests of aborigines (<a href="/wiki/Orang_Asli" title="Orang Asli">Orang Asli</a>)".<sup id="cite_ref-handbook_217_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handbook_217-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The intent of the original <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia" title="Constitution of Malaysia">Constitution of Malaysia</a>, which provided for only 16 senators to be appointed by the King (thus placing them in the minority) was to give the states some say over federal policy. However, subsequent amendments have, according to <a href="/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Federal_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord President of the Federal Court">Lord President of the Federal Court</a> Tun <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Suffian_Mohamed_Hashim" title="Mohamed Suffian Mohamed Hashim">Mohamed Suffian Mohamed Hashim</a>, acted "contrary to the spirit of the original constitution which established the Dewan Negara specially as a body to protect in the federal Parliament, state interests against federal encroachments".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To qualify, a candidate must be a <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian citizen">Malaysian citizen</a> at least 30 years old, residing in the Federation, must not owe allegiance to any foreign state, must not have received a prison sentence of one year or longer, and must not have been fined <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_ringgit" title="Malaysian ringgit">RM</a>2,000 or more. Holders of a full-time profit-making position in the public service are also ineligible. There is no requirement to belong to a political party. Parliament is permitted to increase the number of senators to three per state, reduce the number of appointed senators, or abolish the post of appointed senator altogether. The process of appointment is set out by Article 45 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia" title="Constitution of Malaysia">Constitution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ms_33_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms_33-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Constitution provides for <a href="/wiki/Direct_election" title="Direct election">direct election</a> of the 26 senators from the states, but this clause does not take effect until Parliament passes a law bringing it into effect.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2024, the power given to the Parliament under Clause (4) of Article 45 was never invoked and the senators remain indirectly elected. </p><p>Senators can be appointed to ministerial posts in the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Malaysia" title="Cabinet of Malaysia">Cabinet</a> by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong on the advice of the prime minister. However, the Dewan Negara never supplies the prime minister, as the prime minister must be a member of the Dewan Rakyat. </p><p>The Dewan Negara is not affected by the <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malaysia" title="Elections in Malaysia">elections</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">Dewan Rakyat</a>, and senators continue to hold office despite the Dewan Rakyat's dissolution for an election.<sup id="cite_ref-handbook_217_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handbook_217-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Dewan Negara elects a president to preside over sittings of the Dewan Negara, ensure observance of the rules of the house, and interpret the Standing Orders of the house should they be disputed.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Should the president be absent, his deputy, the vice president, takes his place.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Powers_and_procedure">Powers and procedure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewan_Negara&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Powers and procedure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Malaysia">List of acts of the Parliament of Malaysia</a>.</div> <p>The Dewan Negara may initiate legislation, except for financial and fiscal matters – a regulation directly from the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_system" title="Westminster system">Westminster system</a>. It may also amend legislation, provided it does not deal with financial matters. Any proposed legislation must first be passed by the Dewan Rakyat. Then it is presented to the Dewan Negara in three readings. At the first, the legislation's proposer presents it to the assembly. At the second, the bill is debated. At the third, a vote is taken whether to pass or reject the bill. The Dewan Negara may not formally reject bills; it is only allowed to delay their passage by one month, or up to a year under certain circumstances. After the bill has passed or the requisite period is up, the bill is presented to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong for royal assent. If the Yang di-Pertuan Agong objects or 30 days pass without royal assent, the bill is sent back to Parliament with a list of suggested amendments. The bill must then be reapproved by both houses of Parliament. If the Yang di-Pertuan Agong still does not grant royal assent 30 days after it is presented to him again, the bill automatically becomes law. It does not take effect, however, until it is published in the Government Gazette.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although members of Parliament typically have legal immunity when it comes to freedom of discussion, a <a href="/wiki/Gag_rule" title="Gag rule">gag rule</a> forbids discussion about certain articles of the Constitution such as the status of <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Malaysia">Bahasa Malaysia</a> as the national language and <a href="/wiki/Bumiputra" class="mw-redirect" title="Bumiputra">Bumiputra</a> privileges in <a href="/wiki/Article_153_of_the_Constitution_of_Malaysia" title="Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia">Article 153</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_composition">Current composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewan_Negara&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Current composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Negara,_15th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Negara, 15th Malaysian Parliament">Members of the Dewan Negara, 15th Malaysian Parliament</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Dewan_Negara" title="List of members of the Dewan Negara">List of members of the Dewan Negara</a></div> <p>As of June 2023, the Dewan Negara has 63 senators, most of them are appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewan_Negara&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ms_33-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ms_33_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ms_33_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shuid, Mahdi & Yunus, Mohd. Fauzi (2001). <i>Malaysian Studies</i>, p. 33. Longman. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/983-74-2024-3" title="Special:BookSources/983-74-2024-3">983-74-2024-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-handbook_217-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-handbook_217_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-handbook_217_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Henderson, John William, Vreeland, Nena, Dana, Glenn B., Hurwitz, Geoffrey B., Just, Peter, Moeller, Philip W. & Shinn, R.S. (1977). <i>Area Handbook for Malaysia</i>, p. 217. American University, Washington D.C., Foreign Area Studies. <a href="/wiki/LCCN" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN">LCCN</a> 771294.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wu, Min Aun & Hickling, R. H. (2003). <i>Hickling's Malaysian Public Law</i>, pp. 26–27. Petaling Jaya: Pearson Malaysia. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/983-74-2518-0" title="Special:BookSources/983-74-2518-0">983-74-2518-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rachagan, S. Sothi (1993). <i>Law and the Electoral Process in Malaysia</i>, p. 8. Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/967-9940-45-4" title="Special:BookSources/967-9940-45-4">967-9940-45-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.parlimen.gov.my/eng-dN-diPertua.htm">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060214234827/http://www.parlimen.gov.my/eng-dN-diPertua.htm">Archived</a> 14 February 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.parlimen.gov.my/eng-dN-Timb.htm">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060214234522/http://www.parlimen.gov.my/eng-dN-Timb.htm">Archived</a> 14 February 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shuid & Yunus, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Means, Gordon P. (1991). <i>Malaysian Politics: The Second Generation</i>, pp. 14, 15. Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-588988-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-588988-6">0-19-588988-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parlimen.gov.my/statistik-dn.html?uweb=dn&">"Portal Rasmi Parlimen Malaysia - Statistik Ahli Dewan Negara"</a>. <i>www.parlimen.gov.my</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.parlimen.gov.my&rft.atitle=Portal+Rasmi+Parlimen+Malaysia+-+Statistik+Ahli+Dewan+Negara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parlimen.gov.my%2Fstatistik-dn.html%3Fuweb%3Ddn%26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADewan+Negara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Malaysian_Senators" title="Template:Malaysian Senators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Malaysian_Senators" title="Template talk:Malaysian Senators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Malaysian_Senators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Malaysian Senators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_members_of_the_Dewan_Negara_(Senate)_by_seniority" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Negara,_15th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Negara, 15th Malaysian Parliament">Current members</a> of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dewan Negara</a> (Senate) by seniority</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siti_Fatimah_Yahaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siti Fatimah Yahaya (page does not exist)">Siti Fatimah Yahaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ti_Lian_Ker" title="Ti Lian Ker">Ti Lian Ker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ismail_Yusop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ismail Yusop (page does not exist)">Ismail Yusop</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nga_Hock_Cheh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nga Hock Cheh (page does not exist)">Nga Hock Cheh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrian_Lasimbang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adrian Lasimbang (page does not exist)">Adrian Lasimbang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Ling_Sie_Kiong" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan Ling Sie Kiong">Alan Ling Sie Kiong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manolan_Mohamad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manolan Mohamad (page does not exist)">Manolan Mohamad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamad_Imran_Abdul_Hamid" title="Mohamad Imran Abdul Hamid">Mohamad Imran Abdul Hamid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_Munni_Sabu" class="mw-redirect" title="Raj Munni Sabu">Raj Munni Sabu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodore_Douglas_Lind&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodore Douglas Lind (page does not exist)">Theodore Douglas Lind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohd_Yusmadi_Mohd_Yusoff" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohd Yusmadi Mohd Yusoff">Mohd Yusmadi Mohd Yusoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lim_Hui_Ying" title="Lim Hui Ying">Lim Hui Ying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husam_Musa" title="Husam Musa">Husam Musa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuridah_Mohd_Salleh" title="Nuridah Mohd Salleh">Nuridah Mohd Salleh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suresh_Singh_Rashpal_Singh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suresh Singh Rashpal Singh (page does not exist)">Suresh Singh Rashpal Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaakob_Sapari" title="Yaakob Sapari">Yaakob Sapari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Peter_Mojuntin" title="Donald Peter Mojuntin">Donald Peter Mojuntin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesavadas_A._Achyuthan_Nair&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kesavadas A. Achyuthan Nair (page does not exist)">Kesavadas A. Achyuthan Nair</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isa_Ab_Hamid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isa Ab Hamid (page does not exist)">Isa Ab Hamid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Azam_Hamzah" title="Ahmad Azam Hamzah">Ahmad Azam Hamzah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaiedi_Suhaili" title="Zaiedi Suhaili">Zaiedi Suhaili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengku_Zafrul_Aziz" title="Tengku Zafrul Aziz">Tengku Zafrul Aziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulkifli_Mohamad_Al-Bakri" title="Zulkifli Mohamad Al-Bakri">Zulkifli Mohamad Al-Bakri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wan_Ahmad_Fayhsal_Wan_Ahmad_Kamal" title="Wan Ahmad Fayhsal Wan Ahmad Kamal">Wan Ahmad Fayhsal Wan Ahmad Kamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Masrizal_Muhammad" title="Ahmad Masrizal Muhammad">Ahmad Masrizal Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lim_Ban_Hong" title="Lim Ban Hong">Lim Ban Hong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mah_Hang_Soon" title="Mah Hang Soon">Mah Hang Soon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamad_Ali_Mohamad" title="Mohamad Ali Mohamad">Mohamad Ali Mohamad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_Adiba_Radzi" title="Ras Adiba Radzi">Ras Adiba Radzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashir_Alias" title="Bashir Alias">Bashir Alias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rais_Yatim" title="Rais Yatim">Rais Yatim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohd_Radzi_Sheikh_Ahmad" title="Mohd Radzi Sheikh Ahmad">Mohd Radzi Sheikh Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idris_Ahmad" title="Idris Ahmad">Idris Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balasubramaniam_Nachiappan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balasubramaniam Nachiappan (page does not exist)">Balasubramaniam Nachiappan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Zahid_Md_Arip&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad Zahid Md Arip (page does not exist)">Muhammad Zahid Md Arip</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susan_Chemerai_Anding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susan Chemerai Anding (page does not exist)">Susan Chemerai Anding</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Lau_Hui_Yew&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Lau Hui Yew (page does not exist)">Robert Lau Hui Yew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_Sarimah_Patrick_Insol" title="Rita Sarimah Patrick Insol">Rita Sarimah Patrick Insol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohd_Apandi_Mohamad" title="Mohd Apandi Mohamad">Mohd Apandi Mohamad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_Yahaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmad Yahaya (page does not exist)">Ahmad Yahaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Othman_bin_Aziz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Othman bin Aziz (page does not exist)">Othman Aziz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vell_Paari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vell Paari (page does not exist)">Vell Paari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefridin_Atan" title="Jefridin Atan">Jefridin Atan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aknan_Ehtook&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aknan Ehtook (page does not exist)">Aknan Ehtook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Thangarasu" title="Mohan Thangarasu">Mohan Thangarasu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Igai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Igai (page does not exist)">Paul Igai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuing_Jeluing" title="Nuing Jeluing">Nuing Jeluing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guan_Dee_Koh_Hoi" title="Guan Dee Koh Hoi">Guan Dee Koh Hoi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaziri_Alkaf_Abdillah_Suffian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaziri Alkaf Abdillah Suffian (page does not exist)">Jaziri Alkaf Abdillah Suffian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koh_Nai_Kwong" title="Koh Nai Kwong">Koh Nai Kwong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khairil_Nizam_Khirudin" title="Khairil Nizam Khirudin">Khairil Nizam Khirudin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobbey_Ah_Fang_Suan" title="Bobbey Ah Fang Suan">Bobbey Ah Fang Suan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ambrose_(politician)" title="John Ambrose (politician)">John Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohd_Radzi_Md_Jidin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohd Radzi Md Jidin">Mohd Radzi Md Jidin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teo_Eng_Tee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teo Eng Tee (page does not exist)">Teo Eng Tee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razali_Idris" title="Razali Idris">Razali Idris</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Md_Nasir_Hashim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Md Nasir Hashim (page does not exist)">Md Nasir Hashim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Lists: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Negara,_1st_Malayan_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Negara, 1st Malayan Parliament">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Negara,_2nd_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Negara, 2nd Malaysian Parliament">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Negara,_3rd_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Negara, 3rd Malaysian Parliament">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Negara,_4th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Negara, 4th Malaysian Parliament">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Negara,_5th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Negara, 5th Malaysian Parliament">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Negara,_6th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Negara, 6th Malaysian Parliament">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Negara,_7th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Negara, 7th Malaysian Parliament">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Negara,_8th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Negara, 8th Malaysian Parliament">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Negara,_9th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Negara, 9th Malaysian Parliament">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Negara,_10th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Negara, 10th Malaysian Parliament">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Negara,_11th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Negara, 11th Malaysian Parliament">11th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Negara,_12th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Negara, 12th Malaysian Parliament">12th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Negara,_13th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Negara, 13th Malaysian Parliament">13th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Negara,_14th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Negara, 14th Malaysian Parliament">14th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Negara,_15th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Negara, 15th Malaysian Parliament">15th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Dewan_Negara" title="Women in the Dewan Negara">Women senators</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Parliament_of_Malaysia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Template:Parliament of Malaysia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Template talk:Parliament of Malaysia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Parliament of Malaysia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Parliament_of_Malaysia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia">Parliament of Malaysia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a> (King)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dewan Negara</a> (Senate)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">Dewan Rakyat</a> (House of Representatives)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parliamentary<br />officers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dewan Negara</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Dewan_Negara" title="President of the Dewan Negara">President of the Dewan Negara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secretary_of_the_Dewan_Negara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secretary of the Dewan Negara (page does not exist)">Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leader_of_the_Government_in_the_Dewan_Negara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leader of the Government in the Dewan Negara (page does not exist)">Leader of the Government in the Dewan Negara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leader_of_the_Opposition_in_the_Dewan_Negara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leader of the Opposition in the Dewan Negara (page does not exist)">Leader of the Opposition in the Dewan Negara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dewan Rakyat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat" title="Speaker of the Dewan Rakyat">Speaker of the Dewan Rakyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_Malaysia" title="Secretary of the House of Representatives of Malaysia">Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leader_of_the_House_(Malaysia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leader of the House (Malaysia) (page does not exist)">Leader of the House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Malaysia)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Malaysia)">Leader of the Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_whip_(Malaysia)" title="Party whip (Malaysia)">Whips</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Members_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Members of Parliament">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_have_served_in_both_Houses_of_the_Malaysian_Parliament" title="List of people who have served in both Houses of the Malaysian Parliament">Served in both houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Malaysian_Parliament_who_represented_multiple_states" title="Members of the Malaysian Parliament who represented multiple states">Represented multiple states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Malaysian_Parliament_who_have_served_for_at_least_30_years" class="mw-redirect" title="Members of the Malaysian Parliament who have served for at least 30 years">30+ years</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seniority_in_the_Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Seniority in the Parliament of Malaysia">Seniority</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dewan Negara</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Negara,_15th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Negara, 15th Malaysian Parliament">Current</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Dewan_Negara" title="List of members of the Dewan Negara">previous</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Dewan_Negara" title="Women in the Dewan Negara">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dewan Rakyat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat,_15th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 15th Malaysian Parliament">Current</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat" title="List of members of the Dewan Rakyat">previous</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Dewan_Rakyat" title="Women in the Dewan Rakyat">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Chinese_in_the_Dewan_Rakyat" title="Ethnic Chinese in the Dewan Rakyat">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Indians_in_the_Dewan_Rakyat" title="Ethnic Indians in the Dewan Rakyat">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_of_the_House#Malaysia" title="Father of the House">Father of the House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baby_of_the_House#Malaysia" title="Baby of the House">Baby of the House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_procedure" title="Parliamentary procedure">Procedure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opening_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Opening of Parliament">Opening of Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speech_from_the_throne" title="Speech from the throne">Royal Address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Question_time" title="Question time">Question time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading_(legislature)" title="Reading (legislature)">Readings of bills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">Royal assent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Acts_of_Parliament_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Acts of Parliament in Malaysia">List of Acts of Parliament in Malaysia</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rules_of_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Rules of order">Standing orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_Paper" title="Order Paper">Order Paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Hansard</a></li> <li>Committees: <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Negara_committees" title="Dewan Negara committees">Dewan Negara</a> | <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat_committees" title="Dewan Rakyat committees">Dewan Rakyat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malaysia" title="Elections in Malaysia">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Malaysian_general_election" title="2018 Malaysian general election">Last</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Malaysian_general_election" title="Next Malaysian general election">Next</a></li> <li>Dewan Negara: None (<a href="/wiki/Indirect_election" title="Indirect election">Indirect election</a> and appointments)</li> <li>Dewan Rakyat: <a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">First-past-the-post voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_electoral_districts" title="List of Malaysian electoral districts">Electoral districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parliamentary_by-elections_in_Malaysia" title="List of parliamentary by-elections in Malaysia">By-elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caretaker_government_of_Malaysia" title="Caretaker government of Malaysia">Caretaker government</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Houses_of_Parliament" title="Malaysian Houses of Parliament">Malaysian Houses of Parliament</a> (1963–present)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tunku_Abdul_Rahman_Hall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tunku Abdul Rahman Hall (page does not exist)">Tunku Abdul Rahman Hall</a> (1959–63)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Malaysia&#124;link=Malaysia_Legislatures_of_Malaysia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Legislatures_of_Malaysia" title="Template:Legislatures of Malaysia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Legislatures_of_Malaysia" title="Template talk:Legislatures of Malaysia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Legislatures_of_Malaysia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Legislatures of Malaysia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Malaysia&#124;link=Malaysia_Legislatures_of_Malaysia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislatures</a> of <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia">Parliament of<br />Malaysia</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_Parliaments" title="List of Malaysian Parliaments">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dewan Negara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">Dewan Rakyat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Dewan_Negara" title="List of members of the Dewan Negara">Members of the<br />Dewan Negara</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Negara,_1st_Malayan_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Negara, 1st Malayan Parliament">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Negara,_2nd_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Negara, 2nd Malaysian Parliament">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Negara,_3rd_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Negara, 3rd Malaysian Parliament">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Negara,_4th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Negara, 4th Malaysian Parliament">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Negara,_5th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Negara, 5th Malaysian Parliament">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Negara,_6th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Negara, 6th Malaysian Parliament">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Negara,_7th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Negara, 7th Malaysian Parliament">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Negara,_8th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Negara, 8th Malaysian Parliament">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Negara,_9th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Negara, 9th Malaysian Parliament">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Negara,_10th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Negara, 10th Malaysian Parliament">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Negara,_11th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Negara, 11th Malaysian Parliament">11th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Negara,_12th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Negara, 12th Malaysian Parliament">12th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Negara,_13th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Negara, 13th Malaysian Parliament">13th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Negara,_14th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Negara, 14th Malaysian Parliament">14th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Negara,_15th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Negara, 15th Malaysian Parliament">15th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Dewan_Negara" title="Women in the Dewan Negara">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_have_served_in_both_Houses_of_the_Malaysian_Parliament" title="List of people who have served in both Houses of the Malaysian Parliament">Served in both houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Malaysian_Parliament_who_represented_multiple_states" title="Members of the Malaysian Parliament who represented multiple states">Represented multiple states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Malaysian_Parliament_who_have_served_for_at_least_30_years" class="mw-redirect" title="Members of the Malaysian Parliament who have served for at least 30 years">30+ years</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seniority_in_the_Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Seniority in the Parliament of Malaysia">Seniority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat" title="List of members of the Dewan Rakyat">Members of the<br />Dewan Rakyat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat,_1st_Malayan_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 1st Malayan Parliament">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat,_2nd_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 2nd Malaysian Parliament">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat,_3rd_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 3rd Malaysian Parliament">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat,_4th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 4th Malaysian Parliament">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat,_5th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 5th Malaysian Parliament">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat,_6th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 6th Malaysian Parliament">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat,_7th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 7th Malaysian Parliament">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat,_8th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 8th Malaysian Parliament">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat,_9th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 9th Malaysian Parliament">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat,_10th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 10th Malaysian Parliament">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat,_11th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 11th Malaysian Parliament">11th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat,_12th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 12th Malaysian Parliament">12th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat,_13th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 13th Malaysian Parliament">13th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat,_14th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 14th Malaysian Parliament">14th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat,_15th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 15th Malaysian Parliament">15th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Dewan_Rakyat" title="Women in the Dewan Rakyat">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Chinese_in_the_Dewan_Rakyat" title="Ethnic Chinese in the Dewan Rakyat">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Indians_in_the_Dewan_Rakyat" title="Ethnic Indians in the Dewan Rakyat">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_have_served_in_both_Houses_of_the_Malaysian_Parliament" title="List of people who have served in both Houses of the Malaysian Parliament">Served in both houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Malaysian_Parliament_who_represented_multiple_states" title="Members of the Malaysian Parliament who represented multiple states">Represented multiple states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Malaysian_Parliament_who_have_served_for_at_least_30_years" class="mw-redirect" title="Members of the Malaysian Parliament who have served for at least 30 years">30+ years</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seniority_in_the_Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Seniority in the Parliament of Malaysia">Seniority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_of_the_House#Malaysia" title="Father of the House">Father of the House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baby_of_the_House#Malaysia" title="Baby of the House">Baby of the House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_Malaysia" title="State legislative assemblies of Malaysia">State<br />legislatures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johor_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Johor State Legislative Assembly">Johor (15th)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedah_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Kedah State Legislative Assembly">Kedah (15th)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelantan_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Kelantan State Legislative Assembly">Kelantan (15th)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malacca_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Malacca State Legislative Assembly">Malacca (15th)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly">Negeri Sembilan (15th)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahang_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Pahang State Legislative Assembly">Pahang (15th)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perak_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Perak State Legislative Assembly">Perak (15th)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perlis_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Perlis State Legislative Assembly">Perlis (15th)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penang_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Penang State Legislative Assembly">Penang (15th)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Sabah State Legislative Assembly">Sabah</a> <a href="/wiki/16th_Sabah_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="16th Sabah State Legislative Assembly">(16th)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Sarawak State Legislative Assembly">Sarawak</a> <a href="/wiki/19th_Sarawak_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="19th Sarawak State Legislative Assembly">(19th)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selangor_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Selangor State Legislative Assembly">Selangor (15th)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terengganu_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Terengganu State Legislative Assembly">Terengganu (15th)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_State_Assembly_Representatives_(1959%E2%80%931964)" title="List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (1959–1964)">1959–1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_State_Assembly_Representatives_(1964%E2%80%931969)" title="List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (1964–1969)">1964–1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_State_Assembly_Representatives_(1969%E2%80%931974)" title="List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (1969–1974)">1969–1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_State_Assembly_Representatives_(1974%E2%80%931978)" title="List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (1974–1978)">1974–1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_State_Assembly_Representatives_(1978%E2%80%931982)" title="List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (1978–1982)">1978–1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_State_Assembly_Representatives_(1982%E2%80%931986)" title="List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (1982–1986)">1982–1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_State_Assembly_Representatives_(1986%E2%80%931990)" title="List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (1986–1990)">1986–1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_State_Assembly_Representatives_(1990%E2%80%931995)" title="List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (1990–1995)">1990–1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_State_Assembly_Representatives_(1995%E2%80%931999)" title="List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (1995–1999)">1995–1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_State_Assembly_Representatives_(1999%E2%80%932004)" title="List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (1999–2004)">1999–2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_State_Assembly_Representatives_(2004%E2%80%932008)" title="List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (2004–2008)">2004–2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_State_Assembly_Representatives_(2008%E2%80%932013)" title="List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (2008–2013)">2008–2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_State_Assembly_Representatives_(2013%E2%80%932018)" title="List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (2013–2018)">2013–2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_State_Assembly_Representatives_(2018%E2%80%932023)" title="List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (2018–2023)">2018–2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_State_Assembly_Representatives_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (2023–present)">2023-present</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_state_legislative_assemblies_of_Malaysia" title="Women in state legislative assemblies of Malaysia">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Federal_Legislative_Council_(1955%E2%80%931959)" title="Members of the Federal Legislative Council (1955–1959)">Members of the Federal Legislative Council (1955–1959)</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_Malayan_State_and_Settlement_Council_Representatives_(1954%E2%80%931959)" title="List of Malayan State and Settlement Council Representatives (1954–1959)">List of Malayan State and Settlement Council Representatives (1954–1959)</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Malaysia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Malaysia_topics" title="Template:Malaysia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Malaysia_topics" title="Template talk:Malaysia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Malaysia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Malaysia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Malaysia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Malaysia" title="Outline of Malaysia">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Malaysia" title="History of Malaysia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Malaysian_history" title="Timeline of Malaysian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Malaysia" title="Prehistoric Malaysia">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Malacca" title="Portuguese Malacca">Portuguese Malacca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Malacca" title="Dutch Malacca">Dutch Malacca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">British Malaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Borneo" title="British Borneo">British Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Malaya" title="Japanese occupation of Malaya">Japanese occupation of Malaya</a> / <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_British_Borneo" title="Japanese occupation of British Borneo">Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Union" title="Malayan Union">Malayan Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Agreement" title="Malaysia Agreement">Malaysia Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_confrontation" title="Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation">Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Sarawak" title="Communist insurgency in Sarawak">Sarawak communist insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_in_Malaysia" title="Singapore in Malaysia">Singapore in Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Malaysia_(1968%E2%80%931989)" title="Communist insurgency in Malaysia (1968–1989)">Second Malayan Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13_May_incident" title="13 May incident">13 May incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Malaysian_constitutional_crisis" title="1988 Malaysian constitutional crisis">1988 constitutional crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Asian_financial_crisis#Malaysia" title="1997 Asian financial crisis">1997 Asian financial crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal" title="1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal">1MDB scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932022_Malaysian_political_crisis" title="2020–2022 Malaysian political crisis">2020–2022 Malaysian political crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Malaysia" title="Geography of Malaysia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Malaysia" title="Template:Borders of Malaysia">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_Malaysia" title="Category:Populated places in Malaysia">Cities, towns and villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_Malaysia" title="List of districts in Malaysia">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_Malaysia" title="Divisions of Malaysia">Divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Malaysia" title="East Malaysia">East Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Malaysia" title="Environment of Malaysia">Environment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Malaysia" title="Climate change in Malaysia">climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_Malaysia" title="Conservation in Malaysia">conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Malaysia" title="Environmental issues in Malaysia">environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_Malaysia" title="Deforestation in Malaysia">deforestation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Malaysia" title="Wildlife of Malaysia">wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_plants_of_Malaysia" title="List of plants of Malaysia">plants</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Malaysia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Malaysia">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hill_stations_in_Malaysia" title="List of hill stations in Malaysia">Hill stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Malaysia" title="List of islands of Malaysia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Malaysia" title="List of lakes of Malaysia">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Malaysia" title="List of mountains in Malaysia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_in_Malaysia" title="List of national parks in Malaysia">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Peninsular Malaysia">Peninsular Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Malaysia" title="List of rivers of Malaysia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Malaysia" title="List of earthquakes in Malaysia">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Malaysia" title="List of volcanoes in Malaysia">Volcanoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Politics of Malaysia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Malaysia" title="Cabinet of Malaysia">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Malaysia" title="Shadow Cabinet of Malaysia">Shadow Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia" title="Constitution of Malaysia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malaysia" title="Elections in Malaysia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Malaysia" title="Foreign relations of Malaysia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malaysia" title="Government of Malaysia">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Malaysia" title="King of Malaysia">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Malaysia" title="Human rights in Malaysia">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Malaysia" title="Censorship in Malaysia">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Malaysia" title="Judiciary of Malaysia">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Malaysia" title="Law of Malaysia">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Malaysia" title="Law enforcement in Malaysia">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Armed_Forces" title="Malaysian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_of_Malaysia" title="Monarchies of Malaysia">Monarchies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Malaysia" title="List of political parties in Malaysia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_Malaysia" title="State legislative assemblies of Malaysia">State legislative assemblies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Malaysia" title="Economy of Malaysia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Malaysia" title="Agriculture in Malaysia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Malaysia" title="List of banks in Malaysia">Banks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Malaysia" title="Central Bank of Malaysia">Central bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Malaysia" title="Energy policy of Malaysia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_federal_budget" title="Malaysian federal budget">Federal budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_ringgit" title="Malaysian ringgit">Ringgit <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_states_by_GDP" title="List of Malaysian states by GDP">States by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_states_and_municipalities_by_exports" title="List of Malaysian states and municipalities by exports">States and municipalities by exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Malaysia" title="Science and technology in Malaysia">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bursa_Malaysia" title="Bursa Malaysia">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Malaysia" title="Telecommunications in Malaysia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Malaysia" title="Tourism in Malaysia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Malaysia" title="Transport in Malaysia">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Malaysia" title="Trade unions in Malaysia">Unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_and_the_World_Bank" title="Malaysia and the World Bank">World Bank Relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Malaysia" title="Category:Society of Malaysia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Malaysia" title="Abortion in Malaysia">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Malaysia" title="Crime in Malaysia">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Malaysia" title="Corruption in Malaysia">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Malaysia" title="Demographics of Malaysia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Malaysia" title="Education in Malaysia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Malaysia" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Malaysia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Malaysia" title="Health in Malaysia">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Malaysia" title="Healthcare in Malaysia">Healthcare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Malaysia" title="Human trafficking in Malaysia">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_Malaysia" title="Income inequality in Malaysia">Income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Malaysia" title="Languages of Malaysia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Malaysia">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_diaspora" title="Malaysian diaspora">Malaysian diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Malaysia" title="Poverty in Malaysia">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Malaysia" title="Prostitution in Malaysia">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malaysia" title="Religion in Malaysia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_Malaysia" title="Sex trafficking in Malaysia">Sex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Malaysia" title="Squatting in Malaysia">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Malaysia" title="Water supply and sanitation in Malaysia">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Malaysia" title="Women in Malaysia">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Malaysia" title="Culture of Malaysia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_art" title="Malaysian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Architecture_in_Malaysia" title="Category:Architecture in Malaysia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Malaysia" title="Cinema of Malaysia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_cuisine" title="Malaysian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Malaysia" title="Folklore of Malaysia">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_literature" title="Malaysian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketuanan_Melayu" title="Ketuanan Melayu">Malay ethnic nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Malaysia">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Malaysia" title="Music of Malaysia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_names" title="Malaysian names">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Malaysia" title="Public holidays in Malaysia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Malaysia" title="Sport in Malaysia">Sport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_tiger" title="Malayan tiger">Animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negaraku" title="Negaraku">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia" title="Coat of arms of Malaysia">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Malaysia" title="Flag of Malaysia">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibiscus_rosa-sinensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hibiscus rosa-sinensis">Flower</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rukun_Negara" title="Rukun Negara">Rukun Negara</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Malaysia" title="Outline of Malaysia">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Malaysia" title="Outline of Malaysia">Index</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Malaysia" title="Bibliography of Malaysia">Bibliography</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Malaysia" title="Category:Malaysia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Malaysia" title="Portal:Malaysia">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Upper_houses_of_national_legislatures" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_upper_houses" title="Template:National upper houses"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_upper_houses" title="Template talk:National upper houses"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_upper_houses" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National upper houses"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Upper_houses_of_national_legislatures" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper houses</a> of national <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislatures</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">Federal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Senate" title="Argentine Senate">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Senate" title="Australian Senate">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_(Austria)" title="Federal Council (Austria)">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Belgium)" title="Senate (Belgium)">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Peoples_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="House of Peoples of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Senate_(Brazil)" title="Federal Senate (Brazil)">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Federation" title="House of Federation">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Bundesrat" title="German Bundesrat">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">India</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Mexico)" title="Senate of the Republic (Mexico)">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Nepal)" title="National Assembly (Nepal)">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Nigeria" title="Senate of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Senate of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_Council_(Russia)" title="Federation Council (Russia)">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Somalia" title="Senate of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_States_(South_Sudan)" title="Council of States (South Sudan)">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_States_(Sudan)" title="Council of States (Sudan)">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_States_(Switzerland)" title="Council of States (Switzerland)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">Unitary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Nation" title="Council of the Nation">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Antigua_and_Barbuda)" title="Senate (Antigua and Barbuda)">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Bahamas#Senate" title="Parliament of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consultative_Council_(Bahrain)" title="Consultative Council (Bahrain)">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Barbados" title="Senate of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Republic_(Belarus)" title="Council of the Republic (Belarus)">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Belize)" title="Senate (Belize)">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Bhutan)" title="National Council (Bhutan)">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Senators_(Bolivia)" title="Chamber of Senators (Bolivia)">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Burundi)" title="Senate (Burundi)">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Cambodia)" title="Senate (Cambodia)">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Cameroon)" title="Senate (Cameroon)">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_(Chad)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senate (Chad) (page does not exist)">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Chile" title="Senate of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Colombia" title="Senate of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)" title="Senate (Democratic Republic of the Congo)">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Republic_of_the_Congo)" title="Senate (Republic of the Congo)">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Senate of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Senate of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Egypt)" title="Senate (Egypt)">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Equatorial_Guinea)" title="Senate (Equatorial Guinea)">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Eswatini" title="Senate of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(France)" title="Senate (France)">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Gabon" title="Senate of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Grenada)" title="Senate (Grenada)">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Haiti)" title="Senate (Haiti)">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Representative_Council" title="Regional Representative Council">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Senate of the Republic (Italy)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Ivory_Coast)" title="Senate (Ivory Coast)">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Jamaica#Senate" title="Parliament of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Councillors" title="House of Councillors">Japan (post-1947)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Jordan)" title="Senate (Jordan)">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Kazakhstan" title="Senate of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Kenya" title="Senate of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Lesotho" title="Senate of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Liberia" title="Senate of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Madagascar)" title="Senate (Madagascar)">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Councillors_(Morocco)" title="House of Councillors (Morocco)">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amyotha_Hluttaw" title="Amyotha Hluttaw">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Namibia)" title="National Council (Namibia)">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Nepal)" title="National Assembly (Nepal)">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Netherlands)" title="Senate (Netherlands)">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(Oman)" title="Council of State (Oman)">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Palau" title="Senate of Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Paraguay" title="Senate of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Poland" title="Senate of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Romania" title="Senate of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Rwanda)" title="Senate (Rwanda)">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Senate of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Slovenia)" title="National Council (Slovenia)">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Provinces" title="National Council of Provinces">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Spain" title="Senate of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Tajikistan" title="National Assembly of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Thailand" title="Senate of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Trinidad_and_Tobago)" title="Senate (Trinidad and Tobago)">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Regions_and_Districts" title="National Council of Regions and Districts">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Uruguay" title="Senate of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Uzbekistan" title="Senate of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shura_Council_(Yemen)" title="Shura Council (Yemen)">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Zimbabwe" title="Senate of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent and<br />other territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Senate" title="American Samoa Senate">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Bermuda" title="Senate of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Legislative Council of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands_Senate" title="Northern Mariana Islands Senate">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Senate of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">Non-UN states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Elders_(Somaliland)" title="House of Elders (Somaliland)">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_abolished_upper_houses" title="List of abolished upper houses">Defunct</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Elders_(Afghanistan)" title="House of Elders (Afghanistan)">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords_(Austria)" title="House of Lords (Austria)">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(British_Guiana)" title="Senate (British Guiana)">British Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Princes" title="Chamber of Princes">British Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Representatives_of_Burkina_Faso" title="Chamber of Representatives of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Nationalities" title="Chamber of Nationalities">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Ceylon" title="Senate of Ceylon">Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_Yuan" title="Control Yuan">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Costa_Rican_legislature#Senate_of_Costa_Rica" title="History of the Costa Rican legislature">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Parliament#Chamber_of_Counties" title="Croatian Parliament">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Cuba" title="Congress of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Czechoslovakia)" title="Federal Assembly (Czechoslovakia)">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landstinget" class="mw-redirect" title="Landstinget">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Council" title="Conservative Council">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_States" title="Chamber of States">East Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_of_Ecuador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senate of Ecuador (page does not exist)">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Egypt)" title="Senate (Egypt)">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_of_El_Salvador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senate of El Salvador (page does not exist)">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Parliament_of_Ethiopia" title="Imperial Parliament of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Fiji" title="Senate of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Senate" title="Greek Senate">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Magnates" title="House of Magnates">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Iran" title="Senate of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Iraq" title="Senate of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_House_of_Lords" title="Irish House of Lords">Kingdom of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann_(Irish_Free_State)" title="Seanad Éireann (Irish Free State)">Irish Free State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Peers_(Japan)" title="House of Peers (Japan)">Japan (pre-1947)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Kingdom_of_Libya#Senate" title="Parliament of the Kingdom of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Maldives" title="Senate of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Malta" title="Senate of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Mauritania" title="Senate of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Legislative_Council" title="New Zealand Legislative Council">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Nicaragua" title="National Congress of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Senate of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Republic_of_Peru#Senate" title="Congress of the Republic of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Portugal)" title="Senate (Portugal)">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_House_of_Lords" title="Prussian House of Lords">Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Rhodesia#Senate" title="Parliament of Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_(Russian_Empire)" title="State Council (Russian Empire)">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Senegal)" title="Senate (Senegal)">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_of_the_Kingdom_of_Serbia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senate of the Kingdom of Serbia (page does not exist)">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_South_Africa" title="Senate of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Councillors_(South_Korea)" title="House of Councillors (South Korea)">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_of_Nationalities" title="Soviet of Nationalities">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rsta_kammaren" title="Första kammaren">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Turkey)" title="Senate of the Republic (Turkey)">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Venezuela" title="Senate of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsrat_(Germany)" title="Reichsrat (Germany)">Weimar Germany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">Bicameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicameralism" title="Unicameralism">Unicameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricameralism" 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