Manual:Contents - MediaWiki

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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"><input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search MediaWiki" aria-label="Search MediaWiki" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search MediaWiki [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div><input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div><button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-uls" class="mw-list-item active user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Contents?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#" class="uls-trigger cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>English</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown 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class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source%3Ddonate%26utm_medium%3Dsidebar%26utm_campaign%3Dspontaneous%26uselang%3Den" class=""><span>Donate</span></a></li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Manual:Contents&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a></li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Manual:Contents&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options"><input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools"> <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source%3Ddonate%26utm_medium%3Dsidebar%26utm_campaign%3Dspontaneous%26uselang%3Den"><span>Donate</span></a></li> <li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Manual:Contents&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li> <li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Manual:Contents&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Introduction?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyContributions?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyTalk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice">  </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc"> <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2><button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Contents?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> Beginning </div></a></li> <li id="toc-Main_sections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"><a class="vector-toc-link" href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Contents?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#Main_sections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"><span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Main sections</span> </div></a> <button aria-controls="toc-Main_sections-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Main sections subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Main_sections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-For_system_administrators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"><a class="vector-toc-link" href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Contents?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#For_system_administrators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"><span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>For system administrators</span> </div></a> <ul id="toc-For_system_administrators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul></li> <li id="toc-For_developers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"><a class="vector-toc-link" href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Contents?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#For_developers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"><span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>For developers</span> </div></a> <ul id="toc-For_developers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul></li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"><a class="vector-toc-link" href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Contents?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"><span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Others</span> </div></a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li id="toc-Browsing_the_manual" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"><a class="vector-toc-link" href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Contents?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#Browsing_the_manual"> <div class="vector-toc-text"><span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Browsing the manual</span> </div></a> <ul id="toc-Browsing_the_manual-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul></li> <li id="toc-Improving_the_manual" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"><a class="vector-toc-link" href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Contents?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#Improving_the_manual"> <div class="vector-toc-text"><span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Improving the manual</span> </div></a> <ul id="toc-Improving_the_manual-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left"><input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents"> <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Manual</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Contents</span></h1> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-manual" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="View the subject page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Manual</span></a></li> <li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual_talk:Contents?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" rel="discussion" title="Discussion about the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet"><input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant"> <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true"><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te"><span>Read</span></a></li> <li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e"><span>View source</span></a></li> <li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Manual:Contents&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown"><input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools"> <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true"><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label"> Tools </div><button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te"><span>Read</span></a></li> <li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Manual:Contents&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te"><span>View source</span></a></li> <li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Manual:Contents&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Manual:Contents?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="A list of all wiki pages that link here [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li> <li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Manual:Contents?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li> <li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> <li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:SpecialPages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> <li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Manual:Contents&oldid=6756080&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li> <li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Manual:Contents&action=info&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li> <li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Manual:Contents&id=6756080&wpFormIdentifier=titleform&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li> <li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Contents&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li> <li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Contents&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Manual:Contents&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te"><span>Create a book</span></a></li> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Manual:Contents&action=show-download-screen&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li> <li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Manual:Contents&printable=yes&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q108923419" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label"> Appearance </div><button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint"> From mediawiki.org </div> </div> <div id="contentSub"> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <div class="mw-pt-translate-header noprint nomobile" dir="ltr" lang="en"> <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Manual:Contents&action=page&filter&action_source=translate_page&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:Translate">Translate this page</a> </div> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div class="mw-pt-languages noprint navigation-not-searchable" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div class="mw-pt-languages-label"> Languages: </div> <ul class="mw-pt-languages-list"> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/id?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Manual:Konten (98% translated)" lang="id" dir="ltr">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/ms?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Manual:Kandungan (98% translated)" lang="ms" dir="ltr">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/de?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Handbuch:Inhaltsübersicht (98% translated)" lang="de" dir="ltr">Deutsch</a></li> <li><span class="mw-pt-languages-ui mw-pt-languages-selected mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--complete" lang="en" dir="ltr">English</span></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/ha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Manual:Contents/ha (51% translated)" lang="ha" dir="ltr">Hausa</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/haw?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Manual:Contents/haw (0% translated)" lang="haw" dir="ltr">Hawaiʻi</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/dtp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Manual: Suang (98% translated)" lang="dtp" dir="ltr">Kadazandusun</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/nl?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--complete" title="Handleiding:Inhoud (100% translated)" lang="nl" dir="ltr">Nederlands</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/vi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Manual:Mục lục (80% translated)" lang="vi" dir="ltr">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/tr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Manual:İçindekiler (98% translated)" lang="tr" dir="ltr">Türkçe</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/ca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Manual:Continguts (95% translated)" lang="ca" dir="ltr">català</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/da?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Manual:Contents (90% translated)" lang="da" dir="ltr">dansk</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/es?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Manual: Contenidos de (98% translated)" lang="es" dir="ltr">español</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/fr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--complete" title="Manuel:Contenu (100% translated)" lang="fr" dir="ltr">français</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/ia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Manual:contentos (85% translated)" lang="ia" dir="ltr">interlingua</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/it?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--complete" title="Manuale: Indice (100% translated)" lang="it" dir="ltr">italiano</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/hu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Kézikönyv:Tartalom (98% translated)" lang="hu" dir="ltr">magyar</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/pl?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Podręcznik:Spis treści (98% translated)" lang="pl" dir="ltr">polski</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/pt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Manual:Conteúdos (98% translated)" lang="pt" dir="ltr">português</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/pt-br?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Manual:Conteúdos (98% translated)" lang="pt-BR" dir="ltr">português do Brasil</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/ro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Manual: Conținut (98% translated)" lang="ro" dir="ltr">română</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/fi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Manual:Sisällöt (71% translated)" lang="fi" dir="ltr">suomi</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/sv?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Manual:Innehåll (98% translated)" lang="sv" dir="ltr">svenska</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/cs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Manuál:Obsah (98% translated)" lang="cs" dir="ltr">čeština</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/el?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Εγχειρίδιο:Περιεχόμενα (88% translated)" lang="el" dir="ltr">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/bg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Ръководство:Съдържание (22% translated)" lang="bg" dir="ltr">български</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/ru?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Manual:Содержание (98% translated)" lang="ru" dir="ltr">русский</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/sr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Приручник:Садржај (73% translated)" lang="sr" dir="ltr">српски / srpski</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/uk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Посібник:Зміст (98% translated)" lang="uk" dir="ltr">українська</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/ur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Manual:Contents/ur (0% translated)" lang="ur" dir="rtl">اردو</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/ar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="دليل التشغيل:محتويات (98% translated)" lang="ar" dir="rtl">العربية</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/sd?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="مينيوئل:مواد فهرست (5% translated)" lang="sd" dir="rtl">سنڌي</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/fa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Manual:فهرست (98% translated)" lang="fa" dir="rtl">فارسی</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/arz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Manual:Contents (2% translated)" lang="arz" dir="rtl">مصرى</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/ps?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Manual:Contents/ps (7% translated)" lang="ps" dir="rtl">پښتو</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/anp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="मैनुअल:अंतर्वस्तु (12% translated)" lang="anp" dir="ltr">अंगिका</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/bn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="নির্দেশিকা:সূচীপত্র (61% translated)" lang="bn" dir="ltr">বাংলা</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/pa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="ਦਸਤੀ:ਸਮੱਗਰੀ (61% translated)" lang="pa" dir="ltr">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/th?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="คู่มือ:สารบัญ (98% translated)" lang="th" dir="ltr">ไทย</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/ka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Manual:Contents/ka (20% translated)" lang="ka" dir="ltr">ქართული</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/zh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--complete" title="手册:索引 (100% translated)" lang="zh" dir="ltr">中文</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/ja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Manual:コンテンツ (98% translated)" lang="ja" dir="ltr">日本語</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/yue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="手冊：目錄 (7% translated)" lang="yue" dir="ltr">粵語</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/mni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="ꯈꯨꯠꯄꯥꯏ:ꯑꯌꯥꯎꯕꯁꯤꯡ (34% translated)" lang="mni" dir="ltr">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Contents/ko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Manual:컨텐츠 (98% translated)" lang="ko" dir="ltr">한국어</a></li> </ul> </div> <ul class="hubs hubs-pagedir-ltr hubs-align-none"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4454566">.mw-parser-output .hubs{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hubs-pagedir-ltr{margin:0 0.5em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .hubs-pagedir-rtl{margin:0 0 0.5em 0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hubs-pagedir-ltr.hubs-align-right{margin:0 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .hubs-pagedir-rtl.hubs-align-right{margin:0 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .hubs-align-left.hubs-pagedir-ltr,.mw-parser-output .hubs-align-right.hubs-pagedir-rtl{float:left}.mw-parser-output .hubs-align-right.hubs-pagedir-ltr,.mw-parser-output .hubs-align-left.hubs-pagedir-rtl{float:right}.mw-parser-output .hubs-align-center::before,.mw-parser-output .hubs-align-center::after{display:inline-block;content:"";flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .hubs li{display:inline-block;margin:0;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:5px;background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .hubs li:not(:first-child){margin-left:-1px}.mw-parser-output .hub-highlighted{font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;background-color:#cff}</style> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Community_Noun_project_2280.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Community_Noun_project_2280.svg/20px-Community_Noun_project_2280.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Community_Noun_project_2280.svg/30px-Community_Noun_project_2280.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Community_Noun_project_2280.svg/40px-Community_Noun_project_2280.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="107" data-file-height="100"></a></span> <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/User_hub?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/User hub">Users</a><span style="display:none"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/User_hub?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="User hub"> </a></span></li> <li class="hub-highlighted"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Octicons-terminal.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Octicons-terminal.svg/20px-Octicons-terminal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Octicons-terminal.svg/30px-Octicons-terminal.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Octicons-terminal.svg/40px-Octicons-terminal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="1024"></a></span> <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Sysadmin_hub?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Sysadmin hub">System Administrators</a><span style="display:none"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sysadmin_hub?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Sysadmin hub"> </a></span></li> <li class="hub-highlighted"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Source_code_project_1171.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Source_code_project_1171.svg/20px-Source_code_project_1171.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Source_code_project_1171.svg/30px-Source_code_project_1171.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Source_code_project_1171.svg/40px-Source_code_project_1171.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="224"></a></span> <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Developer_hub?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Developer hub">Developers</a><span style="display:none"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Developer_hub?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Developer hub"> </a></span></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:OOjs_UI_icon_language-ltr.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/OOjs_UI_icon_language-ltr.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_language-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/OOjs_UI_icon_language-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_language-ltr.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/OOjs_UI_icon_language-ltr.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_language-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a></span> <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Translator_hub?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Translator hub">Translators</a><span style="display:none"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Translator_hub?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Translator hub"> </a></span></li> </ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6651107">.mw-parser-output .note{background-position:left 7px top 50%;padding:0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 40px;margin:0.5em 0;overflow:hidden;background-color:#f8f9fa;color:#333;background-repeat:no-repeat;border:1px solid #ddd}.mw-parser-output .note-inline{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .note-info{background-color:#eaf3ff;color:#333;background-image:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/OOjs_UI_icon_information-progressive.svg");background-size:25px;border-color:#a3caff;padding-left:40px;min-height:25px}.mw-parser-output .note-reminder{background-color:#fff9ea;color:#333;background-image:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/OOjs_UI_icon_lightbulb-yellow.svg");background-size:25px;border-color:#fc3;min-height:25px}.mw-parser-output .note-warn{background-color:#fff9ea;color:#333;background-image:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/OOjs_UI_icon_alert-warning.svg");background-size:25px;border-color:#fc3;min-height:25px}.mw-parser-output .note-error{background-color:#fee7e6;color:#333;background-image:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/OOjs_UI_icon_notice-destructive.svg");background-size:25px;border-color:#c33;min-height:25px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .note{background-color:transparent;color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .note{background-color:transparent;color:inherit}}</style> <div role="note" class="note note-info"> <b>This technical manual is not intended for end users of MediaWiki.</b> If you are looking for documentation to help you use MediaWiki, read the <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents">MediaWiki Handbook</a><span style="display:none"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Contents?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Help:Contents"> </a></span>. </div> <p>This is a technical manual for the MediaWiki software. It contains information for developers and system administrators on installing, managing and developing for the MediaWiki software.</p> <p>This manual is <b>not for end users</b> of MediaWiki. If you are looking for documentation to help you use MediaWiki, read the <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents">MediaWiki Handbook</a>.</p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"> <h2 id="Main_sections">Main sections</h2> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6713801">.mw-parser-output .tpl-contentgrid{margin:1em 0;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(300px,1fr));gap:2em;grid-auto-rows:minmax(100px,auto)}.mw-parser-output .tpl-contentgrid .mw-tpl-colorbox{margin:0}</style> <div class="tpl-contentgrid" style=""> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6706488">.mw-parser-output .wiki-template-infocard{border:1px solid #ccc;box-shadow:0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);border-radius:2px;padding:1em;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:space-between;align-content:stretch}.mw-parser-output .wiki-template-infocard-title{padding:0 0 0.5625em 0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .wiki-template-infocard-content{clear:both;flex:1 1 auto}.mw-parser-output .wiki-template-infocard-footer{padding-top:1.5em}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .wiki-template-infocard-title img{filter:invert(1)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .wiki-template-infocard-title img{filter:invert(1)}}</style> <div class="wiki-template-infocard"> <h3 id="For_system_administrators" class="wiki-template-infocard-title">For system administrators</h3> <div class="wiki-template-infocard-content"> <dl> <dt> <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Installing_MediaWiki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Installing MediaWiki">Installation</a><span style="display:none"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Installing_MediaWiki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Manual:Installing MediaWiki"> </a></span> </dt> <dd> Guide to setting up a new MediaWiki installation. </dd> <dd> <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Download?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Download">Download</a><span style="display:none"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Download?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Download"> </a></span> | <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Installing_MediaWiki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Installing MediaWiki">Installing</a><span style="display:none"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Installing_MediaWiki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Manual:Installing MediaWiki"> </a></span> | <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Configuring_MediaWiki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Configuring MediaWiki">Initial configuration</a><span style="display:none"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Configuring_MediaWiki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Manual:Configuring MediaWiki"> </a></span> </dd> <dd> <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Configuration_settings_(alphabetical)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Configuration settings (alphabetical)">Alphabetical list of settings</a><span style="display:none"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Configuration_settings_(alphabetical)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Manual:Configuration settings (alphabetical)"> </a></span> | <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Configuration_settings?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Configuration settings">Settings listed by function</a><span style="display:none"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Configuration_settings?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Manual:Configuration settings"> </a></span> </dd> <dt> <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:System_administration?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:System administration">System administration</a><span style="display:none"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:System_administration?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Manual:System administration"> </a></span> </dt> <dd> Guide to do administrative tasks on your wiki. </dd> <dd> <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Backing_up_a_wiki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Backing up a wiki">Backing up</a><span style="display:none"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Backing_up_a_wiki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Manual:Backing up a wiki"> </a></span> | <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Maintenance_scripts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Maintenance scripts">Maintenance scripts</a><span style="display:none"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Maintenance_scripts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Manual:Maintenance scripts"> </a></span> </dd> <dt> <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Upgrading?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Upgrading">Upgrading</a><span style="display:none"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Upgrading?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Manual:Upgrading"> </a></span> </dt> <dd> Guide to upgrade your MediaWiki installation. </dd> </dl><i>More on <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Sysadmin_hub?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Sysadmin hub">Sysadmin hub</a><span style="display:none"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sysadmin_hub?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Sysadmin hub"> </a></span>.</i> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6706488"> <div class="wiki-template-infocard"> <h3 id="For_developers" class="wiki-template-infocard-title">For developers</h3> <div class="wiki-template-infocard-content"> <dl> <dt> <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:MediaWiki_architecture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:MediaWiki architecture">Architecture</a><span style="display:none"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:MediaWiki_architecture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Manual:MediaWiki architecture"> </a></span> </dt> <dd> An overview of the key parts of MediaWiki's source code. </dd> <dd> <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Code?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Code">Code</a><span style="display:none"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Code?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Manual:Code"> </a></span> | <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Global_object_variables?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Global object variables">Global object variables</a><span style="display:none"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Global_object_variables?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Manual:Global object variables"> </a></span> | <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://doc.wikimedia.org/">Doxygen-generated documentation</a></span> </dd> <dt> <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Database_layout?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Database layout">Database layout</a><span style="display:none"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Database_layout?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Manual:Database layout"> </a></span> </dt> <dd> Details about the database architecture used by MediaWiki. </dd> <dd> <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:MariaDB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:MariaDB">MariaDB</a><span style="display:none"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:MariaDB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Manual:MariaDB"> </a></span> | <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:MySQL?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:MySQL">MySQL</a><span style="display:none"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:MySQL?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Manual:MySQL"> </a></span> | <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:PostgreSQL?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:PostgreSQL">PostgreSQL</a><span style="display:none"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:PostgreSQL?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Manual:PostgreSQL"> </a></span> | <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:SQLite?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:SQLite">SQLite</a><span style="display:none"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:SQLite?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Manual:SQLite"> </a></span> </dd> <dt> <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Developing_extensions?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Developing extensions">Developing extensions</a><span style="display:none"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Developing_extensions?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Manual:Developing extensions"> </a></span> </dt> <dd> An overview of the ways to create a new MediaWiki extension. </dd> <dd> <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Hooks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Hooks">Hooks</a><span style="display:none"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Hooks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Manual:Hooks"> </a></span> | <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser_functions?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions">Parser functions</a><span style="display:none"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Parser_functions?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Manual:Parser functions"> </a></span> | <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Tag_extensions?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Tag extensions">Tag</a><span style="display:none"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Tag_extensions?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Manual:Tag extensions"> </a></span> | <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Special_pages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Special pages">Special page</a><span style="display:none"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Special_pages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Manual:Special pages"> </a></span> | <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Skins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Skins">Skins</a><span style="display:none"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Skins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Manual:Skins"> </a></span> </dd> <dt> Web access </dt> <dd> Details about <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query_string" class="extiw" title="w:Query string">query string</a> parameters that can be passed to MediaWiki access scripts. </dd> <dd> <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters_to_index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php">index.php</a><span style="display:none"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:Parameters_to_index.php?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Manual:Parameters to index.php"> </a></span> | <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:Main_page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/API:Main page">api.php</a><span style="display:none"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/API:Main_page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="API:Main page"> </a></span> </dd> </dl><i>More on <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Developer_hub?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Developer hub">Developer hub</a><span style="display:none"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Developer_hub?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Developer hub"> </a></span>.</i> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Others">Others</h3> </div> <dl> <dt> <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:FAQ?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Manual:FAQ">MediaWiki FAQ</a><span style="display:none"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manual:FAQ?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Manual:FAQ"> </a></span> </dt> <dd> Frequently asked questions about MediaWiki. </dd> </dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"> <h2 id="Browsing_the_manual">Browsing the manual</h2> </div> <p>There are multiple ways to browse through the documentation. Readers having trouble finding a particular topic in the section above may find the following ways of browsing to be helpful.</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:AllPages/Manual:?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:AllPages/Manual:">Special:Allpages/Manual:</a> — An automatically generated list of all pages in the Manual: namespace.</li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Category:Manual?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Category:Manual">Category:Manual</a><span style="display:none"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Manual?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Category:Manual"> </a></span> — the top-level Manual category.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"> <h2 id="Improving_the_manual">Improving the manual</h2> </div> <ul> <li>There are still a lot of holes in this manual! See the <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_technical_documentation:_friends_of_the_docs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia technical documentation: friends of the docs">Wikimedia technical documentation: friends of the docs</a><span style="display:none"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikimedia_technical_documentation:_friends_of_the_docs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikimedia technical documentation: friends of the docs"> </a></span> for details (page in English).</li> <li><b><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Project:Manual?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Project:Manual">Project:Manual</a><span style="display:none"><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Project:Manual?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Project:Manual"> </a></span></b> — A place to discuss and co-ordinate the development of the Manual: namespace.</li> </ul>   </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Manual:Contents&oldid=6756080&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te">https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Manual:Contents&oldid=6756080</a>" </div> </div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"> <div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"> <a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Categories?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:MediaWiki_technical_documentation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Category:MediaWiki technical documentation">MediaWiki technical documentation</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-mediawiki-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Manual?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="Category:Manual">Manual</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer"> <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">This page was last edited on 15 September 2024, at 21:37.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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